subtitlecat.com

All language subtitles for 2_Limitations of the Internet

Afrikaans

Akan

Albanian

Amharic

Arabic Download

Armenian

Azerbaijani

Basque

Belarusian

Bemba

Bengali

Bihari

Bosnian

Breton

Bulgarian

Cambodian

Catalan

Cebuano

Cherokee

Chichewa

Chinese (Simplified)

Chinese (Traditional)

Corsican

Croatian

Czech

Danish

Dutch

English

Esperanto

Estonian

Ewe

Faroese

Filipino

Finnish

French

Frisian

Galician

Georgian

German

Greek

Guarani

Gujarati

Haitian Creole

Hausa

Hawaiian

Hebrew

Hindi

Hmong

Hungarian

Icelandic

Igbo

Indonesian

Interlingua

Irish

Italian

Japanese

Javanese

Kannada

Kazakh

Kinyarwanda

Kirundi

Kongo

Korean

Krio (Sierra Leone)

Kurdish

Kurdish (Soranî)

Kyrgyz

Laothian

Latin

Latvian

Lingala

Lithuanian

Lozi

Luganda

Luo

Luxembourgish

Macedonian

Malagasy

Malay

Malayalam

Maltese

Maori

Marathi

Mauritian Creole

Moldavian

Mongolian

Myanmar (Burmese)

Montenegrin

Nepali

Nigerian Pidgin

Northern Sotho

Norwegian

Norwegian (Nynorsk)

Occitan

Oriya

Oromo

Pashto

Persian

Polish

Portuguese (Brazil)

Portuguese (Portugal)

Punjabi

Quechua

Romanian

Romansh

Runyakitara

Russian

Samoan

Scots Gaelic

Serbian

Serbo-Croatian

Sesotho

Setswana

Seychellois Creole

Shona

Sindhi

Sinhalese

Slovak

Slovenian

Somali

Spanish

Spanish (Latin American)

Sundanese

Swahili

Swedish

Tajik

Tamil

Tatar

Telugu

Thai

Tigrinya

Tonga

Tshiluba

Tumbuka

Turkish

Turkmen

Twi

Uighur

Ukrainian

Urdu

Uzbek

Vietnamese

Welsh

Wolof

Xhosa

Yiddish

Yoruba

Zulu

Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:04,065 We've mentioned IP addresses a lot in this course, 2 00:00:04,065 --> 00:00:06,480 but we haven't actually gone into detail about them. 3 00:00:06,480 --> 00:00:09,550 There are actually different versions of IP addresses. 4 00:00:09,550 --> 00:00:12,840 The current protocol, Internet protocol version four, 5 00:00:12,840 --> 00:00:15,690 or IPV4, is an address that 6 00:00:15,690 --> 00:00:19,455 consists of 32 bits separated into four groups. 7 00:00:19,455 --> 00:00:26,265 IPV4 addresses can be something like 73.55.242.3. 8 00:00:26,265 --> 00:00:27,750 Even though it might seem like a lot 9 00:00:27,750 --> 00:00:30,150 of possible IPV4 addresses, 10 00:00:30,150 --> 00:00:33,910 there are less than 4.3 billion IPV4 addresses. 11 00:00:33,910 --> 00:00:35,760 There are way more than 4.3 12 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:37,875 billion websites out on the web today. 13 00:00:37,875 --> 00:00:39,870 Some IPV4 addresses are 14 00:00:39,870 --> 00:00:42,150 even reserved for special purposes. 15 00:00:42,150 --> 00:00:45,370 The number of usable IP addresses is even less. 16 00:00:45,370 --> 00:00:46,940 A device that wants to connect to 17 00:00:46,940 --> 00:00:49,280 the Internet needs to have an IP address. 18 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:50,930 But devices around the world 19 00:00:50,930 --> 00:00:52,985 have already exceeded those numbers. 20 00:00:52,985 --> 00:00:55,480 Where have we been getting IP addresses? 21 00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:57,470 IP addresses have been able to 22 00:00:57,470 --> 00:00:59,630 keep up with the amount of devices in the world 23 00:00:59,630 --> 00:01:04,385 thanks to IPV6 or Internet Protocol version 6 addresses, 24 00:01:04,385 --> 00:01:08,480 IPV6 addresses consists of 128 bits, 25 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:11,660 four times the amount that IPV4 uses, 26 00:01:11,660 --> 00:01:14,920 which means way more devices can have IP addresses. 27 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:18,910 The adoption of IPV6 addresses has been slow but steady. 28 00:01:18,910 --> 00:01:20,690 Eventually, you'll start seeing 29 00:01:20,690 --> 00:01:23,380 more and more IPV6 addresses in the wild. 30 00:01:23,380 --> 00:01:25,530 An example of IPV4 address can 31 00:01:25,530 --> 00:01:30,430 be something like 172.14.24.1. 32 00:01:30,430 --> 00:01:32,315 But an IPV6 address 33 00:01:32,315 --> 00:01:34,750 can be something like what you see here. 34 00:01:34,750 --> 00:01:37,295 Quite a bit of a difference, don't you think? 35 00:01:37,295 --> 00:01:39,680 Here's an analogy for how big this difference 36 00:01:39,680 --> 00:01:42,830 is between IPV4 and IPV6. 37 00:01:42,830 --> 00:01:44,930 With IPV6, there are 38 00:01:44,930 --> 00:01:48,860 two to the 128th power possible IP addresses. 39 00:01:48,860 --> 00:01:52,685 Two to the 128th power is an insanely huge number, 40 00:01:52,685 --> 00:01:54,890 so huge that scientists had trouble 41 00:01:54,890 --> 00:01:57,995 describing with words just how big this number is. 42 00:01:57,995 --> 00:02:00,885 Here's an analogy. Think of a grain of sand. 43 00:02:00,885 --> 00:02:02,645 If you scoop up a handful, 44 00:02:02,645 --> 00:02:05,225 do you know how many grains you have in your hand? 45 00:02:05,225 --> 00:02:07,220 Probably a lot, but that's not 46 00:02:07,220 --> 00:02:09,275 even close to the number we're talking about. 47 00:02:09,275 --> 00:02:13,295 Now, take all the grains of sand in the entire world. 48 00:02:13,295 --> 00:02:16,700 Assuming there are roughly seven and a half times ten to 49 00:02:16,700 --> 00:02:19,220 the 18th power grains of sand in the world 50 00:02:19,220 --> 00:02:22,610 that still wouldn't be enough IPV6 addresses. 51 00:02:22,610 --> 00:02:26,170 Now, let's take all the sand from multiple Earths. 52 00:02:26,170 --> 00:02:28,760 Now you're close to what that number would be. 53 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:30,680 It's a crazy large number. 54 00:02:30,680 --> 00:02:32,780 Just know that we won't be running out of 55 00:02:32,780 --> 00:02:35,095 IPV6 addresses anytime soon. 56 00:02:35,095 --> 00:02:37,895 Another mitigation tool that we've been able to use 57 00:02:37,895 --> 00:02:41,045 is NAT or Network Address Translation. 58 00:02:41,045 --> 00:02:42,860 This lets organizations use 59 00:02:42,860 --> 00:02:44,900 one public IP address and 60 00:02:44,900 --> 00:02:47,650 many private IP addresses within the network. 61 00:02:47,650 --> 00:02:50,400 Think of NAT like a receptionist at a company. 62 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:52,985 You know what number to dial to get to the company. 63 00:02:52,985 --> 00:02:54,799 Once you reach the receptionist, 64 00:02:54,799 --> 00:02:56,630 he can transfer your call to one of 65 00:02:56,630 --> 00:02:58,745 the private numbers inside the company. 66 00:02:58,745 --> 00:03:00,440 Now, instead of companies using 67 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:02,540 hundreds of public IP addresses, 68 00:03:02,540 --> 00:03:04,725 they can just use one IP address. 69 00:03:04,725 --> 00:03:07,085 Remember the routers we talked about earlier? 70 00:03:07,085 --> 00:03:09,260 One task you might need to perform when you're 71 00:03:09,260 --> 00:03:11,630 an IT support specialist is to configure 72 00:03:11,630 --> 00:03:13,609 NAT on a router to facilitate 73 00:03:13,609 --> 00:03:14,690 communication between 74 00:03:14,690 --> 00:03:17,700 your company's network and the outside world. 5828