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1
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象征着我们这个永春人的地气
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我们子孙
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代代子孙的平安
4
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一个龙脉
5
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一个龙脉
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环境真的是很优越
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而且是居高临下
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00:00:11,933 --> 00:00:13,733
然后去守护着
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去望着马六甲的市区
10
00:00:15,666 --> 00:00:16,266
然后望着
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马六甲所有的这些永春的乡亲
12
00:00:18,766 --> 00:00:19,700
永春的后代
13
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然后义山的成立的话
14
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其实我觉得是
15
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非常的具有人文关怀的
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义冢
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这不仅仅是一个埋葬先人的地方
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而是承载着
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我们对于先人祭祀和纪念的文化传统
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是富含寻根文化意义的特殊象征
21
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将先人安葬于此
22
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寄托了后代永世缅怀的愿望
23
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这对已在南洋扎根数代的我们而言
24
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义冢让我们与祖籍地的温情和义气
25
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保持了精神联系
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我现在发现到的永春总坟
27
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当然现在最早的是马六甲
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三宝山那个永春公司的
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1873年
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那现在永春国内的
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那个有自己的义山
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然后有总坟
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这样的一个情况案例不太多见
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有自己的义山比较明确就是
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Batu Pahat
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而且还有一个总坟
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另外一个就是麻坡武吉巴西
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有一个永德公冢
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然后这公冢底下也有个总坟
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然后日落洞
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加上这个三宝山的
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所以
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我们这几座永春总坟
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也可以看出
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这几个地方
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有总坟的地方
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永春人相对的人数会比较多
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社群成为一个社群
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比较论证就是
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具体证据是
51
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就是在1873年
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就是三宝山那个永春公司的义冢
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它叫永春公司义冢
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然后它立墓者
55
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永春众人立
56
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不是永春会馆立的
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那个总坟是什么
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是永春公司义冢
59
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表示它是一个团体
60
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一个群体
61
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这个东西是干什么
62
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这个立冢的另外一个意义
63
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就是跟大家讲
64
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这个地方是我插旗
65
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我的地界
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我的地方
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这个地方有总坟
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表示有我的群体的存在
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对吧
70
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所以不是
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不是每个地方都有这样的一个情况
72
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那所以总坟的意义
73
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它有很多特殊的一个社会的意义
74
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我觉得插旗
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划地界
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就表示宣誓我的存在
77
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这个是总坟非常重大的意义
78
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建立这样子的一个义冢的话
79
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其实就是表示说
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他们跟我们是不是
81
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虽然说当时第一代
82
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虽然说我们没有血缘上的关系
83
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我们并没有血缘上的关系
84
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可是我们都是来自同一个地方
85
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例如说我们来自中国的永春
86
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然后我们就在异国他乡
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我们就变成一个亲人般的存在
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所以我们就建立一个这个义冢
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然后来祭拜这些亲人
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然后这些跟我们
91
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实际上没有血缘关系
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可是我们也把它
93
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当成是我们的亲人
94
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什么是义冢
95
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就是说总坟
96
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但它应该是很多永春人
97
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当时有些已经客死异乡
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葬在三宝山
99
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那有些可能没有后代
100
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所以要避免这些人成为一种孤魂野鬼
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无主孤坟
102
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所以要有一个群体力量
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就把他们拾金
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把骨头拾起来
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集合在一起
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盖一个总坟
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就是以后春秋二季
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有人去祭祀他
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至少有一个香火在延续下去
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这个是三宝山最高的地方
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以前这块地属于青云亭的
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那么青云亭的亭主
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几代都是由永春人来领导
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由陈金声
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陈明水
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那么他们几代都是
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为了纪念他们对青云亭的贡献
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他们把这块地当为永春的
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献给永春的
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也就是赏赐他们
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对当时青云亭及华社的贡献
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所以每年会馆里面有什么样的活动
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对这个义冢
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每年在春季清明节的时候
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我们都会选一天值日到这边来祭拜
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义冢在公元1873年
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那么就
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把这个2万方尺的四周围上来
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那么交给
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这个就是
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设立这个永春义冢
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这个义冢的设立代代有人顾
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代表着我们
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象征着我们这个永春人的地气
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我们子孙
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代代子孙的平安
137
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一个龙脉
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一个龙脉
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所以你看它对着马六甲
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这个最重要的
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最热闹的那个道路
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叫做Jalan Munshi Abdullah
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也就是Newcome Road
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每年他们有三山九九登山
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这个是所有马六甲
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也是由中华大会堂的青年部举办的
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所以华社全部穿红衣
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来到这边
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来到这边
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有庆典
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这个是成为一个
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他们举办活动的
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华社的文化活动的集中地
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可以给我们介绍一下这个碑吗
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这个碑是他们在重建的时候
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1994年重建立的碑
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不过这个被记载着
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这段义冢的历史
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社会或者是政治的领导人
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都是永春人
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你可以看到拿督姚继局绅
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你看到
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这个
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这个
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郑国球
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还有现在的这个国会议员
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邱培栋
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林万峰
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郭子毅
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这些都是永春人
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都是永春人
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所以就是我们引以为荣的
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就是永春有我们的先贤
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有保佑着我们的这一代
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所以这就是我们所要扮演的
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唤醒新的一代对永春会馆未来的贡献
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所以也需要我们下一代
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他们来了这边
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他们看了这个墓碑的时候
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他们也可以知道一点
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这个关于马六甲华社的历史
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我们来到了马六甲的三宝山的时候
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我们可以看到
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马六甲三宝山
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也有他们自己的一个义冢
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甚至是用永春公司这样的名字
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来做一个义冢
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环境真的是很优越
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而且是居高临下
190
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然后去守护着
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去望着马六甲的市区
192
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然后望着
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马六甲所有的这些永春的乡亲
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永春的后代
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在马来西亚
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我们很习惯使用华人义山这个词汇
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我想你谈起义山
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马来西亚华人
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应该没有人是不知道的
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可是据我们所研究
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到现在的话
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华人义山
203
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应该只是存在于海外华人社会
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尤其是东南亚
205
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我们会用义山这个词汇
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你到这个台湾去
207
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然后你到中国大陆去
208
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用的并不是义山这样子的一个词汇
209
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我想这是我们算是一个比较独特的文化
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然后义山的成立的话
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其实我觉得是
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非常的具有人文关怀的
213
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因为在我们的整个
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习俗文化中
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我们会认为说
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如果一个人他死了之后
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他并没有一个安葬
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这个所谓的葬身之地
219
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然后的话
220
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他的鬼魂还是他的魂魄
221
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可能就得不到安宁
222
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会到处飘
223
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这当然是民间习俗的一个传说
224
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可是我想说
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也反映出来说
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华人社会的一个互助精神
227
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然后在义山里头的话
228
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我们有时会看到说
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有一些人他们没有子嗣
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然后他们的这个亲属
231
00:07:49,100 --> 00:07:51,333
有子嗣的会帮助他们
232
00:07:51,333 --> 00:07:52,800
例如说清明节的时候
233
00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:54,966
会继续去拜他们
234
00:07:54,966 --> 00:07:56,100
然后会相信说
235
00:07:56,100 --> 00:07:59,600
他们继续得到一个祭拜
236
00:07:59,733 --> 00:08:01,466
所以我觉得这是非常
237
00:08:01,466 --> 00:08:03,766
具有这个同乡的一个情怀的
238
00:08:03,766 --> 00:08:06,000
义山也有另外一种名字
239
00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:07,866
那种名字叫做公司山
240
00:08:08,700 --> 00:08:09,500
所以我们可以看到
241
00:08:09,900 --> 00:08:11,333
在过去开发一些地方的时候
242
00:08:11,333 --> 00:08:11,900
很多时候
243
00:08:11,900 --> 00:08:14,766
是以一种公司的形式去开发的
244
00:08:14,766 --> 00:08:17,633
像例如以前开发芙蓉
245
00:08:17,800 --> 00:08:18,966
或者开发霹雳的时候
246
00:08:19,533 --> 00:08:20,366
或者雪兰莪
247
00:08:20,366 --> 00:08:22,933
你会时常听到这个义兴公司
248
00:08:22,933 --> 00:08:24,266
海山公司
249
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:25,800
之类的
250
00:08:25,800 --> 00:08:27,733
所以这些公司一样
251
00:08:27,733 --> 00:08:29,266
就是它底下的这个会众
252
00:08:29,266 --> 00:08:30,266
或者它的苦力
253
00:08:30,266 --> 00:08:31,266
他过世的时候
254
00:08:31,266 --> 00:08:33,166
当然也为他们寻找葬地
255
00:08:33,166 --> 00:08:34,333
然后帮他们安葬
256
00:08:34,566 --> 00:08:36,933
所以这些安葬的场所
257
00:08:37,066 --> 00:08:38,033
这种冢地
258
00:08:38,366 --> 00:08:39,366
我们就会把它叫做
259
00:08:39,666 --> 00:08:41,600
义山或者公司山
260
00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:43,800
我们可以透过义山
261
00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:45,633
去了解一个地方的人口
262
00:08:46,166 --> 00:08:48,300
因为义山其实你看到每一块墓碑
263
00:08:48,300 --> 00:08:50,866
基本上就跟我们的身份证一样
264
00:08:50,866 --> 00:08:53,366
我们的身份证有我们的名字
265
00:08:53,366 --> 00:08:55,300
我们有我们出生的年月日
266
00:08:55,300 --> 00:08:57,133
我们有我们居住在哪里
267
00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:58,300
那同样的
268
00:08:58,300 --> 00:08:59,300
你在义山的墓碑
269
00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:00,733
你也可以找到
270
00:09:00,866 --> 00:09:03,266
姓名还有他的性别
271
00:09:03,566 --> 00:09:05,166
还有他什么时候过世的
272
00:09:05,566 --> 00:09:06,566
立碑的年份
273
00:09:06,566 --> 00:09:08,566
甚至有出生的年份
274
00:09:09,133 --> 00:09:11,000
那他还有他孩子的名字
275
00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:12,533
然后还有他的祖籍地
276
00:09:12,933 --> 00:09:14,700
所以就透过这些义山的墓碑
277
00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:15,933
我们可以
278
00:09:15,933 --> 00:09:18,933
如果做一个广大范围的一个收集的话
279
00:09:18,933 --> 00:09:20,933
大概你可以从这个义山的
280
00:09:20,933 --> 00:09:21,966
墓碑的数据里面
281
00:09:21,966 --> 00:09:23,366
大概去了解一个地方
282
00:09:23,366 --> 00:09:26,333
在时间过程中的这个人口的变化
283
00:09:26,600 --> 00:09:29,200
或者你要知道这个地方的方言群
284
00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:32,133
哪一個方言群占了比较主流或者优势
285
00:09:32,333 --> 00:09:34,900
那基本上你透过义山墓碑的普查
286
00:09:34,900 --> 00:09:35,766
你可以知道
287
00:09:36,300 --> 00:09:37,466
以前的时候
288
00:09:37,866 --> 00:09:39,566
永春人埋在哪里
289
00:09:39,833 --> 00:09:41,166
他们有没有自己的义山
290
00:09:41,166 --> 00:09:43,166
其实马六甲还有几个永春山
291
00:09:43,166 --> 00:09:43,800
不是会馆的
292
00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:44,900
日落洞也是我们的
293
00:09:44,966 --> 00:09:47,600
日落洞也是有一部分是永春的
294
00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:49,766
日落洞是谁都可以葬
295
00:09:49,766 --> 00:09:50,766
不管你什么籍贯
296
00:09:51,900 --> 00:09:53,566
它是属于青云亭管理的
297
00:09:53,566 --> 00:09:55,766
早在民国22年
298
00:09:55,766 --> 00:09:57,366
大概1930年代的时候
299
00:09:57,366 --> 00:09:59,766
就已经有永春的这个义山
300
00:09:59,966 --> 00:10:03,233
然后甚至也有永春他们自己的义冢
301
00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:04,133
留在里面
302
00:10:04,500 --> 00:10:07,533
所以表面上看是1933年
303
00:10:07,633 --> 00:10:10,300
但是其实从义冢的角度看
304
00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:13,566
因为义冢基本上是从其他地方捡骨
305
00:10:13,766 --> 00:10:14,733
然后再收集骨头
306
00:10:14,733 --> 00:10:16,133
葬到义冢里面去
307
00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:18,766
所以从这样的一个1930年的义冢来看的话
308
00:10:18,766 --> 00:10:20,033
其实我们可以推之
309
00:10:20,033 --> 00:10:22,833
在更早的时间点里面
310
00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:24,433
再往前推的
311
00:10:25,366 --> 00:10:26,933
更长远的历史来讲的话
312
00:10:26,933 --> 00:10:29,100
其实永春人在马六甲郊区
313
00:10:29,100 --> 00:10:32,133
其实也有一定的这个势力
314
00:10:32,733 --> 00:10:33,600
永春会馆
315
00:10:33,933 --> 00:10:37,100
会不会每年有什么样的祭拜的活动
316
00:10:37,266 --> 00:10:37,666
每年都有
317
00:10:37,666 --> 00:10:39,066
清明节的时候
318
00:10:39,066 --> 00:10:39,800
清明节春祭
319
00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:41,366
我们从那边拜了就过来
320
00:10:41,366 --> 00:10:42,333
就过来这边拜
321
00:10:42,333 --> 00:10:43,266
那个比较早
322
00:10:43,733 --> 00:10:44,766
这个比较迟这样
323
00:10:44,766 --> 00:10:45,900
对对同样一天
324
00:10:45,900 --> 00:10:47,533
我们就是早上去那边
325
00:10:48,166 --> 00:10:49,833
差不多过了9点我们要来这边
326
00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:54,533
通常祭拜仪式都是主席
327
00:10:54,533 --> 00:10:58,300
署理还有一些福利组的理事
328
00:10:58,300 --> 00:10:59,200
是会就
329
00:11:00,966 --> 00:11:02,766
头家、炉主过来
330
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:06,866
我们有选这个头家炉主的
331
00:11:07,366 --> 00:11:08,400
他们过来这边拜
332
00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:09,500
福建人
333
00:11:10,066 --> 00:11:12,166
我们的墓碑是有算字的
334
00:11:13,100 --> 00:11:13,700
怎样算
335
00:11:13,700 --> 00:11:14,866
可以讲解一下
336
00:11:14,866 --> 00:11:16,566
如果是像这种的
337
00:11:17,066 --> 00:11:20,533
我们是算兴旺衰微
338
00:11:20,966 --> 00:11:22,233
福建话
339
00:11:22,500 --> 00:11:24,100
假如是广东话
340
00:11:24,100 --> 00:11:25,133
海南人
341
00:11:25,133 --> 00:11:27,200
他们都是算五个字
342
00:11:27,233 --> 00:11:28,466
生老病死苦
343
00:11:29,100 --> 00:11:29,966
OK
344
00:11:30,366 --> 00:11:33,400
所以这个是兴旺
345
00:11:33,966 --> 00:11:39,566
兴旺衰微
346
00:11:39,566 --> 00:11:39,866
兴
347
00:11:40,900 --> 00:11:41,566
一定要兴
348
00:11:41,566 --> 00:11:42,166
要旺
349
00:11:42,166 --> 00:11:43,966
衰微两个字不可以用
350
00:11:45,300 --> 00:11:46,266
人在他乡
351
00:11:46,700 --> 00:11:48,966
会馆是永春人的归属
352
00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:50,933
互相扶持
353
00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:52,500
生老病死
354
00:11:52,900 --> 00:11:53,900
患难与共
355
00:11:54,666 --> 00:11:55,800
生命消逝
356
00:11:56,166 --> 00:11:58,733
会馆弟兄送最后一程
357
00:11:59,566 --> 00:12:01,600
世代移民聚集此地
358
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,600
与会馆结下不解之缘
359
00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:06,333
扶老携幼
360
00:12:06,733 --> 00:12:07,766
烛照归路
361
00:12:08,166 --> 00:12:10,666
会馆义气世世代代传颂
362
00:12:11,500 --> 00:12:12,866
异乡情更浓
363
00:12:13,300 --> 00:12:15,733
永春情此情不渝
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