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London's Natural History Museum has
over 70 million animal specimens.
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The weird and wonderful from every
corner of the planet.
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00:00:26,300 --> 00:00:29,340
There are also some of the
many spectacular animals
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00:00:29,340 --> 00:00:31,260
that are no longer with us.
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This is a dodo. At least, it's not.
It's the model of a dodo.
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No museum in the world has
a complete specimen of this species
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because human beings exterminated it
in the middle of the 17th century.
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And there are a lot of animals today
that face the same fate as the dodo.
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I've been asked to pick ten that
I might take with me
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on my own personal ark.
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What an impossible task that sounds.
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What to choose to represent
the marvellous ingenuity of nature?
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I could choose those that
grab the headlines,
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the majestic tiger.
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The spectacular polar bear.
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The beautiful snow leopard.
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Or the magnificent mountain gorilla.
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They're all animals that
I wouldn't want to lose.
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But there are many other
extraordinary creatures out there,
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not in the limelight, which you may
not have heard of.
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'I'm going to pick ten of them,
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'which I find particularly
fascinating.
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'And I'm going to show you
some of the surprising
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'and wonderful work being done
to protect them.'
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You'll be surprised what you'll
find on Attenborough's Ark.
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My first choice will be a monkey.
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One of my favourite
kinds of animal.
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And I'm particularly fond of these
marvellous miniature monkeys.
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These tamarins are normally
at home in Latin America,
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but many are now bred here
at Durrell Wildlife Park in Jersey.
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There's the rather regal-looking
emperor tamarin,
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with its long moustaches.
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The cheeky-looking pied tamarin.
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And the spectacular
golden lion tamarin.
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But if I had to choose one,
it would be this one.
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And this is the black lion tamarin.
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I think the tamarins are just about
as unlike monkeys as you can get.
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You can see that they are monkeys
from their faces
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and their two eyes, which give them
the forward vision of all primates,
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all monkeys, but look
at their hands.
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They are different from mine
or any other primate's, because
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tamarins have not nails on the end
of the long fingers, but long claws.
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And he will come and take from my
hand, and you can see now - ow! -
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how long that claw is.
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They live on insects,
they love these grubs,
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and they also eat fruit
and tree sap,
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00:04:04,380 --> 00:04:09,420
and it's said that they particularly
like fruit with quite large stones,
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because as the large stones go
through their tiny little guts,
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they scrape off internal parasites.
Now there's a thought.
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The black lion tamarin
is in serious trouble,
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with only around 1,000 animals
left in the world.
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And there's is a remarkable story,
truly back from the brink.
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And with a clever plan
to secure their survival
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in the forests of Brazil.
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Black lion tamarins were once
thought to be extinct, but were then
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rediscovered in 1970 in just one
tiny area of forest near Sao Paulo.
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00:05:06,820 --> 00:05:10,380
Here,
the tamarins live in tree holes,
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often the former
homes of woodpeckers.
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00:05:16,740 --> 00:05:19,740
But only 3% of their
original habitat remains.
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Once,
they could roam large distances,
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but now they're marooned in small
fragments of forest.
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What was once continuous forest
has been torn up
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to make way for sugar cane
plantations.
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And for years, the people have
cut down trees for farmland
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with devastating consequences
for the tamarins.
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But now, there's a project with
a smart approach to reversing
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this wave of destruction.
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Nurseries have been set up where
local people are paid to plant
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and grow trees rather than
cut them down.
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00:06:07,100 --> 00:06:10,580
Replanting the whole
forest would be an impossible task,
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00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:15,340
so, cleverly, these trees will be
used to create corridors,
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linking up the precious
fragments of remaining forest.
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The project will give this rare
and beautiful tamarins
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the space they need to survive
in the long term.
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If, on my ark,
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I'm going to have space
for the creatures that really need
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a berth to survive,
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the black lion tamarin
is a very strong candidate.
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You've got a ticket.
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00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:15,300
My next animal is a rather larger
beast, and with an ancient history.
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Rhinos have walked the earth
for over 50 million years, and today
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they can be found from the savannas
of Africa to the forests of Asia.
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There are five species
of rhinoceros in the world today,
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and they're all endangered.
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Of those five,
this is probably the most troubled.
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This is the Sumatran rhino,
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and there are only about 200
individuals left.
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So building up their numbers
is of extreme importance,
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if necessary, by captive breeding.
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But rhinoceroses are independent
kinds of animals,
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and getting male and female together
is not easy.
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Andalas is a very special
male rhino.
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His tale is one of
long-distance love.
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Like all Sumatran rhinos, he has a
hairy back, but he also has
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a twinkle in his eye, because, just
maybe, he might soon become a dad.
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Today, Andalas lives semi-wild
in the beautiful forests of Sumatra,
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but he was born far away,
in America.
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His birth, at Cincinnati Zoo,
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was a real breakthrough for breeding
captive Sumatran rhinos.
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But to really save his species,
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Andalas will have to return
to his ancestral homeland.
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Once old enough, he made the
extraordinary journey for a rhino,
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back to Sumatra, 10,000 miles away
on the other side of the world.
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Andalas came here,
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to the rhino sanctuary
in Way Kambas National Park.
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His job was to mount a new offensive
in the local breeding programme,
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which for many years had
drawn a blank.
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They did have another male
in residence, but he had failed
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to seduce any females, so Andalas
was brought in as the new stud.
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Dedi Kandra is a vet here,
and it didn't take long for him
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and his team to grow quite attached
to the young American import.
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00:10:03,500 --> 00:10:07,780
Andalas is very healthy,
he has sperm,
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and that is the important
thing for the breeding success.
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00:10:16,220 --> 00:10:20,500
But finding true love for Andalas
wasn't an easy task.
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This is Ratu.
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00:10:24,100 --> 00:10:28,700
She is a local girl, born wild
and found wandering in the village.
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She was rescued and then
the matchmaking could begin.
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Female rhinos only have a small
window of opportunity within
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their cycle when they can get
pregnant, and of course,
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they also need to
be in the right mood.
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Introduce the lovers
at the wrong time,
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and there's no guarantee that
they'll get on.
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It's a delicate matter.
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00:11:00,100 --> 00:11:03,540
There's a fine line for these
sensitive beasts
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between attraction and antagonism.
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00:11:08,020 --> 00:11:12,980
But eventually, Ratu succumbed to
Andalas's American charm.
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00:11:21,940 --> 00:11:25,860
Today, the fruits of Andalas's
efforts are evident.
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Ratu is pregnant.
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Rhinos can't sweat, so wallowing in
cool mud is her way of keeping cool.
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00:11:36,660 --> 00:11:39,100
Essential
when you're carrying your baby.
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And this is no ordinary pregnancy.
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If the birth is successful,
Ratu's baby will be
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the first ever Sumatran rhino
born in captivity in Sumatra.
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00:11:56,660 --> 00:12:00,180
It will be a remarkable
triumph for Dedi and his team,
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as well as for Andalas and Ratu.
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We are very happy.
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We have been waiting a long,
long time for this moment.
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This is a very exciting
time for all of us at the sanctuary,
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?not only for us, maybe for all the
people in the national park, all the
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people in Indonesia, and probably
all the people in the world also.
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Rhino pregnancies
take 16 long months.
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Now Ratu only has a few weeks to go.
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But pregnancies have gone
wrong for her in the past,
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and for the team,
it's been a long and tense wait.
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I think waiting for Sumatran rhino
babies is similar
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to be waiting for our wives'
babies also.
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We worry with danger,
we're excited, we're happy.
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It's very emotional
waiting for this moment.
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Finally, it's in the middle
of the night that Ratu gives birth
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to her baby.
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And it's a boy.
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Successfully breeding these rhinos
here in Sumatra will be vital
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to saving the species.
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They give him
a name similar to his father's.
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Andatu, which means a gift from God.
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For Dedi, he certainly is a gift,
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and he's quite overwhelmed.
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Wow, this is wonderful.
This healthy baby, healthy mother.
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This is an important moment for us.
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This is the first time to see
directly the Sumatran rhino baby.
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A small but wonderful step in the
survival of this remarkable animal.
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TYRANNOSAURUS REX ROARS
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My next creature has been
around even longer than the rhino.
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Surely one of the ultimate
survivors.
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This is one of the most popular
exhibits in any museum
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that happens to have one.
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It's Tyrannosaurus rex.
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The giant, flesh-eating dinosaur
that ruled the world
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over 65 million years ago.
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But in the undergrowth around its
gigantic legs there was another,
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very different creature,
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quite different from any
dinosaur or any reptile.
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It had fur, warm blood.
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It didn't lay eggs,
it produced live young,
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and it nourished them on milk.
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It was the first of the mammals.
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Their descendants now have taken
the place of the reptiles
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and rule the earth.
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But amazingly,
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some have descended from that little
creature virtually unchanged.
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They're called solenodons.
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These little characters
are incredibly elusive.
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They can be found in a remote
corner of the Dominican Republic
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in the Caribbean.
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Thousands of tourists
have their holidays here each year.
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00:15:27,900 --> 00:15:30,940
Yet, whilst they're enjoying the sun
and the sand,
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most are oblivious to the
prehistoric creature lurking inland.
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Away from the hubbub, solenodons
have their underground homes.
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When the sunseekers head
to the bars and their beds,
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these reclusive chaps
come out for a nose about.
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Very little is
known about the solenodon,
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00:15:58,260 --> 00:16:02,100
so a team of researchers has come
to find out more about them.
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They've chosen to spend their
evening scrambling around in the
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undergrowth in the hope of catching
one of these elusive creatures.
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00:16:17,220 --> 00:16:20,940
Infrared lights are needed
in the pitch dark,
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00:16:20,940 --> 00:16:23,540
and it's a tricky job,
but here's one.
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Picking them up by their thick
tails doesn't hurt them,
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and this one is swiftly bagged.
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Now we can put the lights on.
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00:16:50,340 --> 00:16:54,220
Joe Nunez-Mino leads this
group of researchers.
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So this remarkable animal
is the solenodon.
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00:17:04,660 --> 00:17:08,060
They're really chilled out
mammals to be around.
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00:17:08,060 --> 00:17:10,060
As long as you're quiet around them,
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00:17:10,060 --> 00:17:13,260
they can quite happily
sit in your hand for a little while.
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00:17:21,340 --> 00:17:25,940
Solenodons are only one of a handful
of mammals in the world
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00:17:25,940 --> 00:17:29,060
that have a venomous bite,
which, it is thought, could be
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a leftover characteristic from their
ancient reptilian relatives.
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00:17:33,380 --> 00:17:36,300
And they also have a rather
interesting nose.
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00:17:37,860 --> 00:17:40,940
Solenodons have a unique ball
and socket joint
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that attaches their really long nose
to their skull,
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00:17:44,220 --> 00:17:47,660
and that enables them to move
it around really flexibly.
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00:17:47,660 --> 00:17:51,340
When you see that nose,
you can't help but smile about it.
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00:17:55,140 --> 00:17:57,620
SOLENODON SQUEALS
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00:17:57,620 --> 00:18:00,820
This little chap is less chilled out
while the radio collar's fitted,
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00:18:00,820 --> 00:18:05,820
so the team work
fast to minimise any distress.
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00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:10,260
These tracking devices will
allow them to follow
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00:18:10,260 --> 00:18:13,180
and better understand
the solenodon's way of life.
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Its temporary captivity over,
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00:18:17,780 --> 00:18:20,780
it's free to amble
away its evening in peace.
220
00:18:22,540 --> 00:18:27,540
Its kind have survived largely
unchanged for 65 million years,
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00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:31,060
but today its numbers are rapidly
declining.
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00:18:32,340 --> 00:18:35,420
Camera traps have revealed that
one of the big problems
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00:18:35,420 --> 00:18:40,460
for the solenodon are cats and dogs,
introduced to the island by humans.
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00:18:43,740 --> 00:18:46,980
Joe hopes that with new
controls on domestic animals,
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00:18:46,980 --> 00:18:50,100
and with their continued research,
they'll be able to help this
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00:18:50,100 --> 00:18:53,260
amazing little creature that's
been around since the dinosaurs.
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00:18:56,780 --> 00:18:59,860
I think what makes me love them
more than anything else
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00:18:59,860 --> 00:19:02,540
is the fact that they're
great survivors.
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00:19:02,540 --> 00:19:06,460
They've been around for a long time,
and with a little bit of help,
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00:19:06,460 --> 00:19:08,780
I think we can help them
to be around for a lot longer.
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00:19:10,420 --> 00:19:12,180
Solenodons are unique.
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00:19:12,180 --> 00:19:14,020
If we lost these little creatures,
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00:19:14,020 --> 00:19:16,940
we wouldn't see anything
quite like them on earth.
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00:19:16,940 --> 00:19:19,580
Reason enough to have them
on board my ark.
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00:19:33,700 --> 00:19:36,060
Many animals have,
like the solenodon,
236
00:19:36,060 --> 00:19:38,060
evolved highly specialised bodies
237
00:19:38,060 --> 00:19:41,020
and behaviours to
suit their environment,
238
00:19:41,020 --> 00:19:46,020
and this specialists include some
of the most extraordinary animals.
239
00:19:46,700 --> 00:19:49,740
The giraffe, with its hugely
long neck
240
00:19:49,740 --> 00:19:52,540
to pick succulent leaves
from the tallest trees.
241
00:19:58,580 --> 00:20:02,140
Or the giant panda, which can eat
tough, indigestible bamboo,
242
00:20:02,140 --> 00:20:04,220
but little else.
243
00:20:07,180 --> 00:20:11,820
And the next animal for my ark is
one of the ultimate specialists.
244
00:20:15,540 --> 00:20:19,340
Here in the basement of the Natural
History Museum in London, there
245
00:20:19,340 --> 00:20:24,140
are tens of thousands of animals
reserved in tanks and bottles.
246
00:20:25,420 --> 00:20:28,140
And this is one of the most
interesting.
247
00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:31,460
It's a kind of amphibian
called an olm.
248
00:20:31,460 --> 00:20:35,900
It has very, very tiny legs
and an extremely elongated body,
249
00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:40,940
and its ancestry stretches
back 190 million years.
250
00:20:41,220 --> 00:20:45,060
But perhaps the most interesting
thing about it
251
00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:47,820
is that it lives for
up to 100 years.
252
00:20:49,260 --> 00:20:51,300
It seems this curious creature
253
00:20:51,300 --> 00:20:53,660
has discovered the secret
of a long life.
254
00:20:55,500 --> 00:20:59,380
It can be found within limestone
caves across
255
00:20:59,380 --> 00:21:02,860
central and south-eastern Europe
in countries like Croatia.
256
00:21:07,820 --> 00:21:12,180
For millions of years it lived
quietly, far below these mountains,
257
00:21:12,180 --> 00:21:16,220
in huge networks of hidden caves,
underground rivers and lakes.
258
00:21:21,580 --> 00:21:23,380
If there is a heavy downpour,
259
00:21:23,380 --> 00:21:26,060
it can be flushed
out into rivers at the surface.
260
00:21:27,420 --> 00:21:32,420
In Croatia, it was once believed
that these olms were baby dragons.
261
00:21:40,420 --> 00:21:43,940
This intrepid team of olm
researchers are heading
262
00:21:43,940 --> 00:21:46,060
deep into the dragon's lair.
263
00:21:47,660 --> 00:21:50,420
They're trying to discover
more about this bizarre creature
264
00:21:50,420 --> 00:21:52,340
living in this extreme environment.
265
00:21:55,180 --> 00:21:58,860
Its population is shrinking,
and as with any endangered animal,
266
00:21:58,860 --> 00:22:01,980
the team need to understand
it in order to save it.
267
00:22:06,380 --> 00:22:08,260
So, fingers crossed for the olm.
268
00:22:12,460 --> 00:22:15,020
But this isn't a job
for the faint-hearted.
269
00:22:16,940 --> 00:22:20,300
The divers have two swim from one
lake to another through
270
00:22:20,300 --> 00:22:23,500
narrow tunnels, with no
possibility of coming up for air.
271
00:22:25,380 --> 00:22:28,500
It's highly dangerous,
but for Dusan Jelic,
272
00:22:28,500 --> 00:22:31,220
the leader of the team,
that is part of the thrill.
273
00:22:33,980 --> 00:22:38,860
I think we are working on the edge
of the world where actually no-one
274
00:22:38,860 --> 00:22:43,140
has ever been, and see some of the
things that nobody else can see.
275
00:22:47,620 --> 00:22:52,580
Despite the things that make it hard,
it's actually just a great job.
276
00:22:56,460 --> 00:23:01,420
It takes Dusan several dives before
he finally locates the elusive olm.
277
00:23:07,420 --> 00:23:09,700
It's certainly an odd-looking
creature.
278
00:23:15,060 --> 00:23:17,780
It has adapted to the complete
darkness of the caves
279
00:23:17,780 --> 00:23:19,580
and lost its sense of sight.
280
00:23:26,420 --> 00:23:28,860
But it has a powerful
sense of smell.
281
00:23:28,860 --> 00:23:31,900
It also has a bizarre sixth sense.
282
00:23:31,900 --> 00:23:35,060
It detects electric
fields in a similar way to sharks.
283
00:23:35,060 --> 00:23:38,900
This is one of its many
mysterious abilities.
284
00:23:43,420 --> 00:23:47,220
How olms catch their prey,
we actually don't know.
285
00:23:48,860 --> 00:23:51,860
They have, probably, very sensitive
skin, which has cells that can
286
00:23:51,860 --> 00:23:56,420
register small movements in water,
but it can also be possible
287
00:23:56,420 --> 00:23:58,780
they just run into something
and they just eat it.
288
00:24:02,860 --> 00:24:07,900
But if it doesn't run into food,
then the olm has a remarkable trick.
289
00:24:09,380 --> 00:24:11,980
It can go into starvation mode,
290
00:24:11,980 --> 00:24:15,460
surviving up to ten years
without eating.
291
00:24:16,660 --> 00:24:19,420
The olm lives life in the slow lane,
292
00:24:19,420 --> 00:24:22,420
which seems to be its secret
for living a long life.
293
00:24:22,420 --> 00:24:24,980
Perhaps a lesson for us all.
294
00:24:27,060 --> 00:24:30,860
As a specialist, the olm is
reliant on clean, pure water,
295
00:24:30,860 --> 00:24:34,540
and water pollution is
one of its main threats.
296
00:24:35,740 --> 00:24:38,860
Dusan feels a close
connection to the olm,
297
00:24:38,860 --> 00:24:42,460
and he hopes his work will build
a clear picture of what this
298
00:24:42,460 --> 00:24:45,580
remarkable but mysterious creature
needs to survive.
299
00:24:48,940 --> 00:24:53,220
Even though you cannot see something,
you still, underneath this,
300
00:24:53,220 --> 00:24:56,900
have a really amazing world,
which is just hidden
301
00:24:56,900 --> 00:24:59,300
and we still need to conserve it.
302
00:25:05,340 --> 00:25:10,020
Yes, the olm has a berth in my ark.
303
00:25:10,020 --> 00:25:12,500
Maybe it can reveal
its secrets of long life.
304
00:25:24,620 --> 00:25:29,620
Of course, I'll have to have a bird
on this ark, but which to choose?
305
00:25:30,300 --> 00:25:33,860
I first became aware of how
breathtakingly beautiful
306
00:25:33,860 --> 00:25:37,900
exotic birds could be
when, as a boy,
307
00:25:37,900 --> 00:25:42,860
I was allowed to leaf through one
of these 19th-century bird books.
308
00:25:42,860 --> 00:25:47,140
The man who published this glorious
ornithological volumes was called
309
00:25:47,140 --> 00:25:52,180
John Gould, and he was particularly
fascinated by hummingbirds,
310
00:25:52,900 --> 00:25:57,380
many of which he identified
and named for the first time.
311
00:25:58,940 --> 00:26:01,700
One of the most spectacular is this,
312
00:26:01,700 --> 00:26:05,580
and he called it
the Marvellous Spatuletail.
313
00:26:05,580 --> 00:26:09,420
When I first saw it, I thought,
"He must have made that up."
314
00:26:09,420 --> 00:26:13,460
How could a bird, any bird,
fly with its head pointing downwards
315
00:26:13,460 --> 00:26:17,740
and then these two pennant quills
crossed over its tail?
316
00:26:18,860 --> 00:26:22,860
Well, in spite of the fact that
Gould never saw the living bird,
317
00:26:22,860 --> 00:26:25,300
this is correct, and it
was only proved to be so
318
00:26:25,300 --> 00:26:30,060
when this display flight was filmed
a few years ago.
319
00:26:33,340 --> 00:26:37,060
The home of this hummingbird
is in the foothills of the Andes
320
00:26:37,060 --> 00:26:39,980
in a remote corner of Peru.
321
00:26:45,500 --> 00:26:49,780
The male spatuletail hummingbird's
two super-long quills
322
00:26:49,780 --> 00:26:52,540
end in these rather cumbersome
discs.
323
00:26:54,500 --> 00:26:57,700
These might seem rather inconvenient
and unnecessary,
324
00:26:57,700 --> 00:27:01,900
but their purpose becomes apparent
when a female appears.
325
00:27:04,020 --> 00:27:08,220
She is rather plainer in appearance,
but that's OK.
326
00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:12,420
She doesn't need to make an effort.
It's his job to win over her.
327
00:27:15,620 --> 00:27:19,980
The male begins his courtship
ritual by waving his tail feathers
328
00:27:19,980 --> 00:27:21,940
back and forth.
329
00:27:21,940 --> 00:27:25,020
This takes a lot of effort,
even from the comfort of his perch.
330
00:27:30,140 --> 00:27:34,460
But to be accepted as her mate,
he needs to take to the air.
331
00:27:34,460 --> 00:27:35,940
Watch this.
332
00:27:54,220 --> 00:27:56,100
She seems quite impressed.
333
00:28:03,060 --> 00:28:08,020
As she looks on, he begins
an airborne dance, dipping his head
334
00:28:08,020 --> 00:28:12,300
and crossing his tail feathers, just
as Gould captured in his painting.
335
00:28:18,500 --> 00:28:21,300
But this is exhausting work.
336
00:28:21,300 --> 00:28:25,100
It's so demanding he can only stay
airborne for a matter of seconds
337
00:28:25,100 --> 00:28:26,700
before he needs a rest.
338
00:28:30,580 --> 00:28:35,580
He doesn't seem to be winning, but
he decides to make one final effort.
339
00:28:43,580 --> 00:28:48,660
It's no good. She's seen enough.
In a flash, she's gone.
340
00:28:52,460 --> 00:28:55,140
He'll just have to try even
harder next time.
341
00:28:56,380 --> 00:28:59,980
But with this incredible mating
ritual over for the time being,
342
00:28:59,980 --> 00:29:03,860
this little chap has indeed
lived up to his name.
343
00:29:06,980 --> 00:29:11,860
I'd certainly give the Marvellous
Spatuletail a berth in my ark.
344
00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:35,900
There are more than 5,000 species
of frogs and toads in the world,
345
00:29:35,900 --> 00:29:39,060
including many rare
and quite unusual ones.
346
00:29:40,460 --> 00:29:45,420
But the one I'm going to choose
is Darwin's Frog.
347
00:29:46,300 --> 00:29:49,460
Darwin's Frogs vary in colour,
348
00:29:49,460 --> 00:29:52,740
and can expertly
blend into their surroundings.
349
00:29:54,820 --> 00:29:57,780
But there's another reason
I find them fascinating.
350
00:30:01,700 --> 00:30:06,380
Charles Darwin discovered the frog
that now carries his name when
351
00:30:06,380 --> 00:30:11,340
he landed in Chile in 1834 on his
way around the world in HMS Beagle.
352
00:30:13,780 --> 00:30:18,140
This is the field notebook
he had at the time,
353
00:30:18,140 --> 00:30:23,140
and he has actually sketched in it
this particular frog.
354
00:30:23,300 --> 00:30:24,820
Just there.
355
00:30:24,820 --> 00:30:29,820
It's a very small drawing, but then
the frog itself is pretty small.
356
00:30:32,460 --> 00:30:35,700
This is about as big as it gets,
357
00:30:35,700 --> 00:30:39,700
and this is the actual specimen
that was collected by Darwin.
358
00:30:39,700 --> 00:30:43,220
But it's a very remarkable frog,
359
00:30:43,220 --> 00:30:48,220
because the male gives birth to the
young, and does so out of his mouth.
360
00:30:55,180 --> 00:30:56,860
Like most frogs,
361
00:30:56,860 --> 00:31:01,460
this male Darwin Frog inflates
his vocal sac to attract a female.
362
00:31:04,020 --> 00:31:06,780
But in this frog,
it also doubles as a nursery.
363
00:31:11,300 --> 00:31:14,700
After the female has laid the eggs,
he takes them into his mouth,
364
00:31:14,700 --> 00:31:18,980
where they lie in his vocal sac,
and there develop into baby frogs.
365
00:31:23,860 --> 00:31:26,220
The actual birth is
exceedingly quick,
366
00:31:26,220 --> 00:31:27,900
and has hardly ever been filmed.
367
00:31:27,900 --> 00:31:29,460
Blink and you'll miss it.
368
00:31:32,340 --> 00:31:34,380
Here it is again.
369
00:31:40,300 --> 00:31:43,140
Darwin's Frog
lives in southern Chile,
370
00:31:43,140 --> 00:31:47,580
and whilst many of the animals
in my ark face a threat from humans,
371
00:31:47,580 --> 00:31:51,220
it faces a challenge
from Mother Nature herself.
372
00:31:54,460 --> 00:31:56,860
It lives in what is usually a lush,
moist forest,
373
00:31:56,860 --> 00:32:01,620
but recently, one of the few
remaining populations
374
00:32:01,620 --> 00:32:04,460
has come under threat from
a natural disaster.
375
00:32:13,820 --> 00:32:18,900
Since June 2011, a huge volcanic
eruption at Mount Puyehue has been
376
00:32:20,420 --> 00:32:25,180
showering hundreds of square miles
of the surrounding area with ash.
377
00:32:28,020 --> 00:32:30,220
The layer of fallen ash is
drying out and killing
378
00:32:30,220 --> 00:32:34,260
much of the vegetation that is vital
to the frog's survival.
379
00:32:35,580 --> 00:32:38,780
It's pushing Darwin's Frog to
the edge of extinction.
380
00:32:42,980 --> 00:32:46,900
Luckily, there's a scientist who is
devoted to these tiny creatures.
381
00:32:48,100 --> 00:32:51,580
Claudio Soto-Azat has spent
several years studying
382
00:32:51,580 --> 00:32:53,580
these unusual and rare frogs.
383
00:32:53,580 --> 00:32:56,220
He's been carefully monitoring
the effect of the ash.
384
00:32:57,980 --> 00:32:59,740
You can see no ash now,
385
00:32:59,740 --> 00:33:02,500
because there was a lot of rain
in a few days, but if you
386
00:33:02,500 --> 00:33:06,460
move the leaves, you can see that
there is a thick layer of ash.
387
00:33:06,460 --> 00:33:11,340
Logs like this one are normally
covered by moss and fern,
388
00:33:11,340 --> 00:33:14,860
but this fern, as you see here,
just died because of all the ash.
389
00:33:16,940 --> 00:33:21,100
The volcano is still active,
and a small change in the direction
390
00:33:21,100 --> 00:33:24,660
of the wind could bring the ash
cloud back over this area.
391
00:33:26,580 --> 00:33:29,620
The risk to these rare
animals is too great.
392
00:33:29,620 --> 00:33:33,020
Claudio has come to find and rescue
as many frogs as possible.
393
00:33:33,020 --> 00:33:35,460
On a previous visit,
he was only able
394
00:33:35,460 --> 00:33:37,780
to find four frogs in this forest.
395
00:33:37,780 --> 00:33:40,660
FROG CALLS
396
00:33:40,660 --> 00:33:44,420
Do you hear that? So that's a male
Darwin's Frog that just called now.
397
00:33:45,620 --> 00:33:48,700
They're masters of disguise,
and their colour varies,
398
00:33:48,700 --> 00:33:51,260
but always blends perfectly
with their surroundings.
399
00:33:53,780 --> 00:33:57,780
You normally don't see the actual
frog, but you see a jump.
400
00:34:00,500 --> 00:34:01,860
Oh, OK!
401
00:34:04,300 --> 00:34:05,700
Wonderful.
402
00:34:06,740 --> 00:34:08,540
So, let's have a look.
403
00:34:11,220 --> 00:34:13,700
Wow!
404
00:34:13,700 --> 00:34:15,380
Wonderful.
405
00:34:15,380 --> 00:34:17,260
So this is a male Darwin's Frog,
406
00:34:17,260 --> 00:34:21,300
pregnant with maybe five or six
tadpoles, and that means they
407
00:34:21,300 --> 00:34:25,660
have been the surviving the volcano,
but they also have been breeding.
408
00:34:25,660 --> 00:34:27,620
I've got one. Yeah, good.
409
00:34:29,500 --> 00:34:32,060
There are more frogs here than
Claudio was expecting,
410
00:34:32,060 --> 00:34:36,820
but with the forest so dry
and the volcano still venting ash,
411
00:34:36,820 --> 00:34:40,060
he will stick to his plan to
remove them and breed them
412
00:34:40,060 --> 00:34:44,020
in captivity until the threat
from the volcano has diminished.
413
00:34:48,100 --> 00:34:53,100
At the University of Concepcion,
the frogs are given a safe haven.
414
00:34:53,180 --> 00:34:56,900
They will hopefully breed a robust
population, which can one day
415
00:34:56,900 --> 00:34:59,060
be returned to the forest.
416
00:35:00,220 --> 00:35:05,260
For Claudio, it's another small step
towards saving this unique species.
417
00:35:05,740 --> 00:35:08,780
So here we have four
Darwin's Frogs that were first
418
00:35:08,780 --> 00:35:12,740
captured from the volcano, and now
we were able to get ten more,
419
00:35:12,740 --> 00:35:16,340
which is a good number to have a
captive breeding population,
420
00:35:16,340 --> 00:35:19,660
so this has been a very
successful trip.
421
00:35:19,660 --> 00:35:24,420
I'd certainly be very sad to lose
such a unique animal.
422
00:35:24,420 --> 00:35:27,940
There is still room on my ark,
so hop on board.
423
00:35:39,980 --> 00:35:43,620
The next creature for my ark is
one of the most endearing animals
424
00:35:43,620 --> 00:35:45,900
I've met - the pangolin.
425
00:35:45,900 --> 00:35:48,700
The only truly scaly
mammal in the world.
426
00:35:50,380 --> 00:35:52,980
I've come across it
and number of times in my career.
427
00:35:52,980 --> 00:35:56,660
Here, for example,
in a film I made in 1973.
428
00:35:58,740 --> 00:36:02,380
But many years before that film,
I almost had to adopt one.
429
00:36:06,020 --> 00:36:10,700
It was back in 1956,
and we were making a film in Bali,
430
00:36:10,700 --> 00:36:13,300
and also collecting
animals for the London Zoo,
431
00:36:13,300 --> 00:36:17,940
and one day, a man came to us
with a pangolin in a sack.
432
00:36:17,940 --> 00:36:19,580
I didn't really want a pangolin,
433
00:36:19,580 --> 00:36:24,060
because they have a very specialised
diet, so they don't live well.
434
00:36:24,060 --> 00:36:26,740
So I asked the man what he would do
if we didn't buy it,
435
00:36:26,740 --> 00:36:29,180
and he said,
"Oh, well, we'd eat it."
436
00:36:29,180 --> 00:36:34,220
And the scales, he said,
were very good for medicine.
437
00:36:34,540 --> 00:36:36,500
So I said how much did
he want for it,
438
00:36:36,500 --> 00:36:40,060
and he said,
I think it was about five shillings.
439
00:36:40,060 --> 00:36:42,260
So I said, "OK, I'll buy it."
440
00:36:42,260 --> 00:36:45,780
And we headed for a couple of days
or so, travelling about,
441
00:36:45,780 --> 00:36:50,260
eating termites, and a very engaging
little creature it was, too.
442
00:36:50,260 --> 00:36:54,100
And then, after a couple of days,
one night we let it go.
443
00:36:55,140 --> 00:36:57,140
I hope he survived.
444
00:37:03,220 --> 00:37:05,940
This is Lucky.
445
00:37:05,940 --> 00:37:09,220
He was called Lucky because,
just like the one I came across
446
00:37:09,220 --> 00:37:13,100
all those years ago, he, too,
was rescued from certain death.
447
00:37:14,260 --> 00:37:18,700
He lives here at a rescue
centre in Vietnam.
448
00:37:22,740 --> 00:37:26,820
Lucky, like all sunda pangolins,
is rather shy.
449
00:37:26,820 --> 00:37:28,700
He prefers to come out at night,
450
00:37:28,700 --> 00:37:32,060
and can only easily be filmed
with special infrared cameras.
451
00:37:34,420 --> 00:37:38,540
Pangolins are similar to anteaters,
but uniquely, they have
452
00:37:38,540 --> 00:37:41,100
hard scales made of keratin,
453
00:37:41,100 --> 00:37:43,500
the same substance as our nails are
made of.
454
00:37:45,140 --> 00:37:47,740
They rely on their claws
being as sharp as possible,
455
00:37:47,740 --> 00:37:50,380
so they walk on their knuckles
to protect them.
456
00:37:53,220 --> 00:37:58,100
They use those claws to tear open
the nests of ants and termites,
457
00:37:58,100 --> 00:38:01,180
scooping up their prey
with their long, sticky tongue.
458
00:38:02,580 --> 00:38:07,060
They have a special talent for
climbing, and are immensely strong,
459
00:38:07,060 --> 00:38:11,660
a core strength that any
Pilates teacher would die for.
460
00:38:14,060 --> 00:38:17,540
Sadly,
these gymnasts face many threats.
461
00:38:22,460 --> 00:38:25,860
Sunda pangolins are found
across Southeast Asia.
462
00:38:27,140 --> 00:38:29,740
In Vietnam,
it's illegal to hunt or sell them.
463
00:38:30,820 --> 00:38:33,620
But that doesn't stop a thriving
black market
464
00:38:33,620 --> 00:38:35,220
in cities such as Hanoi.
465
00:38:39,540 --> 00:38:42,020
Here, their meat is considered
a delicacy,
466
00:38:42,020 --> 00:38:45,660
and their scales are used
in traditional Asian medicine.
467
00:38:49,420 --> 00:38:52,820
In the streets of Hanoi, there is
a legitimate trade for medicine,
468
00:38:52,820 --> 00:38:57,100
which includes the sale of various
animal parts, insects and plants.
469
00:38:59,300 --> 00:39:03,300
But pangolin scales can
also be found.
470
00:39:05,540 --> 00:39:08,660
Dan Challender,
from the University of Kent,
471
00:39:08,660 --> 00:39:11,740
is investigating the illegal
trade of pangolins,
472
00:39:11,740 --> 00:39:14,780
and it doesn't take him
long to find some for sale.
473
00:39:14,780 --> 00:39:17,060
These are scales of pangolins.
474
00:39:18,220 --> 00:39:20,460
These are now a valuable commodity.
475
00:39:20,460 --> 00:39:23,380
In the last few years, they've
increased dramatically in price
476
00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:26,780
and can fetch about $500 a kilo.
477
00:39:29,980 --> 00:39:32,380
I've just seen three, four,
five animals-worth of scales
478
00:39:32,380 --> 00:39:34,900
down there in a bag, and what's
going to happen to them now
479
00:39:34,900 --> 00:39:37,500
is that they're going to be ground
down and used in medicines
480
00:39:37,500 --> 00:39:41,580
to treat a range of ailments from
asthma, psoriasis or even cancer.
481
00:39:41,580 --> 00:39:45,540
And that's tragic, because there
is no evidence to suggest that
482
00:39:45,540 --> 00:39:48,420
pangolin scales are effective
in traditional Asian medicine.
483
00:39:50,620 --> 00:39:54,700
And when darkness
comes in the evening,
484
00:39:54,700 --> 00:39:57,460
the illegal trade continues.
485
00:39:57,460 --> 00:39:59,540
Pangolin meat is highly-prized
as a status symbol
486
00:39:59,540 --> 00:40:02,420
amongst Vietnam's business elite.
487
00:40:02,420 --> 00:40:06,820
They will pay top prices
for a variety of wild meats,
488
00:40:06,820 --> 00:40:08,340
including pangolin.
489
00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:13,180
Pangolin is offered in various
forms.
490
00:40:13,180 --> 00:40:16,660
Either grilled, fried, steamed
or cooked with bamboo shoots.
491
00:40:16,660 --> 00:40:20,100
Here's a picture of a foetus
of a pangolin
492
00:40:20,100 --> 00:40:21,980
that's served in a dish of soup.
493
00:40:26,500 --> 00:40:28,860
And pangolins are not only
popular in Vietnam.
494
00:40:28,860 --> 00:40:33,700
Huge numbers of them are illegally
exported, mainly to China.
495
00:40:33,700 --> 00:40:36,820
It's thought that
in the last 15 years
496
00:40:36,820 --> 00:40:40,340
over half the population of Sunda
pangolins has disappeared.
497
00:40:43,700 --> 00:40:46,980
But for any that are rescued,
there is a ray of hope.
498
00:40:51,380 --> 00:40:54,820
In the highly-secure pangolin
conservation project at Cuc Phuong,
499
00:40:54,820 --> 00:40:58,140
the animals are coaxed
back to health.
500
00:41:01,140 --> 00:41:04,020
Dan has come to the centre to
see his old friend Lucky.
501
00:41:05,860 --> 00:41:08,660
Lucky has been undergoing
rehabilitation
502
00:41:08,660 --> 00:41:13,660
since his rescue, and today there is
some good news Dan wasn't expecting.
503
00:41:16,780 --> 00:41:20,380
I've just found out that Lucky may
be released into a national park.
504
00:41:20,380 --> 00:41:23,100
It's actually quite a surprise
for me, because I actually
505
00:41:23,100 --> 00:41:25,860
thought he'd probably
be at the centre for quite a while.
506
00:41:25,860 --> 00:41:29,340
I like this animal,
so I've actually got mixed feelings,
507
00:41:29,340 --> 00:41:33,060
but if he is released,
then I wish him well.
508
00:41:40,340 --> 00:41:43,580
It would seem Lucky is not
particularly keen to leave here
509
00:41:43,580 --> 00:41:45,820
for a life in the wild.
510
00:41:45,820 --> 00:41:49,340
Well, I'd certainly be happy
to spend a few days again
511
00:41:49,340 --> 00:41:50,940
with a friendly pangolin.
512
00:41:52,140 --> 00:41:54,980
I think the only truly scaly mammal
in the world
513
00:41:54,980 --> 00:41:57,060
certainly deserves a berth.
514
00:42:12,820 --> 00:42:17,820
Around 80% of the Earth's
animal species are insects.
515
00:42:18,940 --> 00:42:21,300
They play a vital
role in the food chain,
516
00:42:21,300 --> 00:42:24,340
essential to many birds,
fish and many other animals.
517
00:42:25,460 --> 00:42:30,500
They fertilise and aerate the soil,
and, of course, they pollinate.
518
00:42:32,660 --> 00:42:36,380
Without them, life as we know it
would cease to exist.
519
00:42:36,380 --> 00:42:39,180
So with only three places
left on my ark,
520
00:42:39,180 --> 00:42:41,860
it would seem wrong not to
include at least one.
521
00:42:49,460 --> 00:42:51,780
'Butterflies lift the heart.'
522
00:42:55,900 --> 00:42:59,220
There are thousands to choose from,
523
00:42:59,220 --> 00:43:02,060
but this butterfly house has
one of my favourites.
524
00:43:06,060 --> 00:43:08,700
'I selected it for
its exquisite beauty.'
525
00:43:14,780 --> 00:43:18,620
This is a Priam's Birdwing
butterfly.
526
00:43:19,700 --> 00:43:24,140
It lives in Western New Guinea
and to the islands both east
527
00:43:24,140 --> 00:43:27,380
and west, and also down into the
northern part of Australia.
528
00:43:29,820 --> 00:43:33,380
Birdwings have
some of the largest of insect wings,
529
00:43:33,380 --> 00:43:36,220
and are very sought
after by collectors.
530
00:43:37,620 --> 00:43:41,660
The name comes from their rather
bird-like forewings.
531
00:43:46,100 --> 00:43:49,460
The male Priam Birdwing has
a striking pattern of vibrant
532
00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:51,100
green and black.
533
00:43:57,340 --> 00:44:01,220
The females are larger and less
colourful, but just as delightful.
534
00:44:03,060 --> 00:44:06,660
These butterflies are able to fly
long distances
535
00:44:06,660 --> 00:44:08,420
high above the forest canopy.
536
00:44:24,460 --> 00:44:29,060
But these beautiful insects only
live for about ten days
537
00:44:29,060 --> 00:44:31,140
as fully-formed adult butterflies.
538
00:44:36,460 --> 00:44:40,700
If I take him on board my ark,
I'm not going to have him for long.
539
00:44:41,940 --> 00:44:44,660
But in the ten
days of his short life,
540
00:44:44,660 --> 00:44:49,380
he'll bring such joy that I'm
delighted to have him on board.
541
00:44:52,580 --> 00:44:55,940
Oh, doesn't want to leave.
Off you go.
542
00:44:57,180 --> 00:44:58,380
Off you go.
543
00:45:02,380 --> 00:45:04,660
OK, stay on board.
544
00:45:23,980 --> 00:45:27,260
Australia is a fascinating
place for any naturalist.
545
00:45:29,060 --> 00:45:32,180
It's a land full of astonishing
creatures.
546
00:45:34,140 --> 00:45:36,780
From kangaroos,
547
00:45:37,980 --> 00:45:40,420
to echidnas,
548
00:45:42,300 --> 00:45:45,340
to the duck-billed platypus.
549
00:45:48,260 --> 00:45:50,620
It really is a place like no
other on earth.
550
00:45:53,060 --> 00:45:56,500
However, many of these remarkable
animals are also amongst
551
00:45:56,500 --> 00:45:58,940
the most threatened on the planet.
552
00:45:58,940 --> 00:46:02,940
So people here have had to come up
with some extraordinary ways
553
00:46:02,940 --> 00:46:04,100
to protect them.
554
00:46:04,100 --> 00:46:07,740
And there is one story that
particularly interests me -
555
00:46:07,740 --> 00:46:10,100
that of the quoll.
556
00:46:10,100 --> 00:46:14,180
They're just a fantastic animal.
Look at that. Very cute.
557
00:46:16,860 --> 00:46:19,020
Want a few more?
558
00:46:20,260 --> 00:46:22,140
There you go.
559
00:46:24,020 --> 00:46:27,140
As you'd expect, the northern
quoll can be found
560
00:46:27,140 --> 00:46:29,980
in the Northern Territories
of Australia.
561
00:46:35,700 --> 00:46:39,380
It looks rather mouse-like,
but during breeding, it develops
562
00:46:39,380 --> 00:46:43,820
a small pouch for its young,
and it is, in fact, a marsupial.
563
00:46:45,220 --> 00:46:47,260
And this marsupial is a meat-eater.
564
00:46:50,820 --> 00:46:53,300
But that fact could be its downfall.
565
00:46:57,820 --> 00:47:02,300
In recent years, it's been bumping
into a new kid on the block -
566
00:47:02,300 --> 00:47:03,940
the cane toad.
567
00:47:05,780 --> 00:47:09,060
The cane toad is
originally from South America,
568
00:47:09,060 --> 00:47:11,740
but since being introduced
to Australia,
569
00:47:11,740 --> 00:47:15,980
it's been devastating the wildlife
across that continent.
570
00:47:15,980 --> 00:47:19,100
It's a classic
case of an invasive species.
571
00:47:22,020 --> 00:47:26,460
The problem for the hungry quoll
is that this toad is also poisonous.
572
00:47:29,940 --> 00:47:33,820
The glands on its back release
a lethal venom.
573
00:47:42,580 --> 00:47:46,820
The cane toad population has spread
so quickly across Australia
574
00:47:46,820 --> 00:47:50,420
that the unsuspecting quolls have
been poisoned in their thousands.
575
00:48:01,020 --> 00:48:06,020
Here, at Territory Wildlife Park
near Darwin, quolls are brought
576
00:48:06,020 --> 00:48:08,740
to live in captivity as a safeguard
against extinction.
577
00:48:12,740 --> 00:48:15,220
An animal behaviour expert,
Jonathan Webb,
578
00:48:15,220 --> 00:48:19,780
has a radical idea to teach these
quolls that cane toads
579
00:48:19,780 --> 00:48:23,420
are off the menu, and stop them
eating themselves to extinction.
580
00:48:24,860 --> 00:48:26,900
When I came up with this idea,
people said,
581
00:48:26,900 --> 00:48:30,180
"You're crazy,
it's never going to work.
582
00:48:30,180 --> 00:48:33,900
"You can't train quolls
to avoid eating cane toads."
583
00:48:35,180 --> 00:48:40,220
So to prove their point, they set up
an anti-cane toad boot camp.
584
00:48:41,260 --> 00:48:46,100
At the centre of this unconventional
aversion therapy is a new recipe.
585
00:48:46,100 --> 00:48:47,660
Cane toad sausages.
586
00:48:50,820 --> 00:48:54,220
First, they cut up dead cane toads
and skin the legs.
587
00:48:57,260 --> 00:49:00,660
The poisonous
parts of the toad are discarded.
588
00:49:02,540 --> 00:49:07,100
Then, a sickness-inducing drug is
mixed with a juicy piece
589
00:49:07,100 --> 00:49:11,060
of cane toad meat and stuffed
into the toad's leg skin,
590
00:49:11,060 --> 00:49:14,620
before being tied to create
a sausage.
591
00:49:16,500 --> 00:49:21,020
Jonathan's theory is that when the
quolls eat these cane toad sausages,
592
00:49:21,020 --> 00:49:25,420
they will feel mildly sick from the
odourless, flavourless drug.
593
00:49:26,500 --> 00:49:29,900
He hopes that they will now
associate that sick feeling
594
00:49:29,900 --> 00:49:34,220
with the taste of cane toads, and
will avoid live toads in the future.
595
00:49:36,660 --> 00:49:39,340
The bowls are placed in the quoll
enclosures,
596
00:49:39,340 --> 00:49:42,580
and as night falls, the quolls
are out, looking for food.
597
00:49:52,460 --> 00:49:55,100
Next morning,
the bowls are all empty,
598
00:49:55,100 --> 00:49:57,100
and the quolls are feeling the
effect of that
599
00:49:57,100 --> 00:50:01,220
chemical in the sausages, and are
looking rather sorry for themselves.
600
00:50:04,700 --> 00:50:07,620
But the sick feeling only
last a few hours,
601
00:50:07,620 --> 00:50:10,980
and soon the quolls are back
on form, catching crickets.
602
00:50:15,140 --> 00:50:19,340
It's time for a second helping
of the specially-prepared
603
00:50:19,340 --> 00:50:20,940
toad sausages.
604
00:50:20,940 --> 00:50:24,060
Jonathan will be preparing
for a rather different result
605
00:50:24,060 --> 00:50:26,740
when he checks the quoll's
bowls in the morning.
606
00:50:35,020 --> 00:50:38,060
We've got six animals to
check today.
607
00:50:38,060 --> 00:50:40,740
They've all eaten the bait once
and become ill,
608
00:50:40,740 --> 00:50:42,900
and we've offered them
the bait the second time,
609
00:50:42,900 --> 00:50:46,500
and we're hoping that they'll all
have rejected the toad bait.
610
00:50:47,620 --> 00:50:51,860
Oh, excellent.
It hasn't been touched. Fantastic.
611
00:50:53,020 --> 00:50:55,300
I'd say that one's toad-trained.
612
00:50:57,260 --> 00:51:00,100
She hasn't touched this one.
613
00:51:00,100 --> 00:51:01,580
Excellent. Hasn't been touched.
614
00:51:01,580 --> 00:51:03,020
But it's not all good news,
615
00:51:03,020 --> 00:51:06,060
as some of the quolls would appear
to have flunked the test.
616
00:51:06,060 --> 00:51:07,860
Ah!
617
00:51:07,860 --> 00:51:12,060
Well, this one's taken the bait,
which is disappointing.
618
00:51:16,780 --> 00:51:20,820
So this little fellow will
have to resit.
619
00:51:20,820 --> 00:51:23,540
More cane toad sausages for him.
620
00:51:23,540 --> 00:51:26,580
But for the graduates
of Jonathan's programme,
621
00:51:26,580 --> 00:51:31,020
it's back to life in the wild
at nearby Kakadu National Park.
622
00:51:44,980 --> 00:51:48,500
This area has been
invaded by cane toads,
623
00:51:48,500 --> 00:51:50,980
but with their new training,
624
00:51:50,980 --> 00:51:53,500
these quolls should stand
a fighting chance.
625
00:52:00,580 --> 00:52:05,580
Then it's time to check the traps
they left the day before.
626
00:52:06,700 --> 00:52:08,340
Hey, we've got a quoll!
627
00:52:10,940 --> 00:52:13,260
In this cane toad-infested area,
628
00:52:13,260 --> 00:52:16,740
it's always encouraging
to find a live quoll.
629
00:52:16,740 --> 00:52:19,620
It's often an animal
they've already trained.
630
00:52:19,620 --> 00:52:23,460
But this time, when they scan to see
if the quoll has been
631
00:52:23,460 --> 00:52:27,380
previously micro-chipped,
the news is particularly welcome.
632
00:52:32,460 --> 00:52:34,140
Wow, that's fantastic.
633
00:52:34,140 --> 00:52:37,780
So this is the daughter of one
of the females that we
634
00:52:37,780 --> 00:52:41,180
reintroduced to
the site in February 2010.
635
00:52:41,180 --> 00:52:45,380
This important development
means that this quoll
636
00:52:45,380 --> 00:52:49,460
has most likely been brought up
by its mother to avoid cane toads.
637
00:52:49,460 --> 00:52:51,900
Fantastic.
638
00:52:51,900 --> 00:52:53,860
For Jonathan,
639
00:52:53,860 --> 00:52:58,460
it means that he only needs to train
one generation of quolls
640
00:52:58,460 --> 00:53:02,020
and the quolls will pass down
the knowledge to their offspring.
641
00:53:09,580 --> 00:53:12,580
It's just one of those Eureka
moments, where you think,
642
00:53:12,580 --> 00:53:17,580
"Wow, this technique could actually
help save this species."
643
00:53:17,740 --> 00:53:22,500
It's a remarkable example
of ingenuity and innovation saving
644
00:53:22,500 --> 00:53:26,180
a species, and that's why I'll
welcome the quoll aboard my ark.
645
00:53:38,060 --> 00:53:41,780
I very much doubt you'll be able
to guess my final selection.
646
00:53:46,020 --> 00:53:48,620
It can be found
at the bottom of the sea.
647
00:53:50,020 --> 00:53:54,860
The ocean depths are full of rare,
beautiful and often bizarre animals.
648
00:53:56,540 --> 00:53:58,700
Many we know very little about,
649
00:53:58,700 --> 00:54:01,420
and there must be thousands
awaiting discovery.
650
00:54:03,300 --> 00:54:07,180
The creature I'm interested in
clings to the ocean floor.
651
00:54:14,300 --> 00:54:16,420
They may look like plants,
652
00:54:16,420 --> 00:54:20,020
but sponges are one of the simplest
of all living animals.
653
00:54:21,060 --> 00:54:23,420
Yet in their own way,
they're amazing.
654
00:54:24,860 --> 00:54:29,540
They can be put through a mincer,
reduced to a mush of cells,
655
00:54:29,540 --> 00:54:34,300
yet still reorganise themselves
and reform into a sponge.
656
00:54:39,580 --> 00:54:44,620
There is one small but very
special family of sponges
657
00:54:45,020 --> 00:54:47,500
known as the glass sponges.
658
00:54:48,660 --> 00:54:50,700
Like these.
659
00:54:50,700 --> 00:54:55,060
This particular species is called
Venus' Flower Basket.
660
00:54:55,060 --> 00:54:59,460
And they're called glass sponges
because they strengthen their body
661
00:54:59,460 --> 00:55:04,500
with microscopic needles of silica,
the same substance that makes glass.
662
00:55:05,700 --> 00:55:08,300
Their needles join
together in three,
663
00:55:08,300 --> 00:55:10,260
so they have six-pointed stars,
664
00:55:10,260 --> 00:55:15,260
and these tiny little elements
are then deposited by the sponge
665
00:55:16,420 --> 00:55:20,660
to form this extraordinarily
complex, beautiful structure.
666
00:55:23,420 --> 00:55:27,460
This complex glass structure
is a marvel of design.
667
00:55:28,700 --> 00:55:32,220
The same kind of construction
is used to build skyscrapers.
668
00:55:33,940 --> 00:55:38,220
But what is amazing is that the
sponge grows its lattice, and
669
00:55:38,220 --> 00:55:42,460
doesn't require the kind of red-hot
furnace that human glassmakers need.
670
00:55:44,780 --> 00:55:46,820
The Venus' Flower Basket
can be found
671
00:55:46,820 --> 00:55:49,220
at great depths of up
to 1,000 metres.
672
00:55:52,660 --> 00:55:55,380
Down there,
you need a special submarine,
673
00:55:55,380 --> 00:55:57,460
because the water pressure
is so great.
674
00:56:00,180 --> 00:56:03,660
Only creatures that have adapted
to this extreme environment
675
00:56:03,660 --> 00:56:05,380
can survive down here.
676
00:56:09,500 --> 00:56:13,420
The Venus' Flower Basket feeds
on the tiny particles
677
00:56:13,420 --> 00:56:16,420
of organic matter that fall from
the more habitable water above.
678
00:56:21,060 --> 00:56:25,220
It creates a current to draw
water in the bottom,
679
00:56:25,220 --> 00:56:29,420
and after absorbing what it needs,
it expels the waste at the top.
680
00:56:44,500 --> 00:56:47,900
How such a simple creature
as this could have
681
00:56:47,900 --> 00:56:52,940
constructed as complex
a skeleton as that, no-one can say.
682
00:56:55,660 --> 00:56:59,380
But for me,
these are some of the most beautiful
683
00:56:59,380 --> 00:57:03,140
and some of the most remarkable
living organisms,
684
00:57:03,140 --> 00:57:06,540
and I'll be delighted to
have one on my ark.
685
00:57:16,340 --> 00:57:19,180
So, there we have it.
My ark is full.
686
00:57:21,060 --> 00:57:25,980
There is such a huge variety of life
on Earth that I could have chosen
687
00:57:25,980 --> 00:57:28,140
any one of thousands
of different species.
688
00:57:29,500 --> 00:57:33,820
But these few give a glimpse of the
astounding diversity of nature.
689
00:57:33,820 --> 00:57:37,660
Wow! So this is a pregnant male.
690
00:57:37,660 --> 00:57:41,420
Their stories also show us
some of the dedicated people,
691
00:57:41,420 --> 00:57:43,740
trying to protect these animals.
692
00:57:43,740 --> 00:57:45,900
This is a living fossil.
693
00:57:47,740 --> 00:57:50,660
The innovative techniques that
researchers have devised.
694
00:57:50,660 --> 00:57:53,140
I'd say that one's toad-trained.
695
00:57:56,220 --> 00:57:59,460
The extreme lengths that
conservationists will go to
696
00:57:59,460 --> 00:58:01,180
in the struggle to save a species.
697
00:58:03,940 --> 00:58:08,660
And ultimately, the reward such
painstaking work can bring.
698
00:58:08,660 --> 00:58:10,340
Wow! This is fantastic and wonderful.
699
00:58:14,780 --> 00:58:18,700
Those are some of the animals that
intrigue and fascinate me.
700
00:58:18,700 --> 00:58:23,020
And I won't forget Venus' Flower
Basket either, as a reminder
701
00:58:23,020 --> 00:58:26,900
of how much we still have to
learn about the natural world.
61918
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