Original subtitles

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In this section we're going to be talking about wild cards and this is where things start to get really

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interesting and fun with Linux.

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This is where you can start to see why Linux is really powerful.

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And this section we're going to be covering what wild cards are.

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Get a good understanding of what the concept is and see some practical examples.

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Wild Cards also known as globbing or characters or strings used for pattern matching.

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Usually we use those with command line to increase the flexibility of searches or commands that we are

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issuing.

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So what does it mean when I say the characters or strings.

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Here are some examples.

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The first is the asterisk character and it's used to match zero or all characters.

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The second is the question mark is used to match exactly one character.

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The third is a bracket and it's used to match any of the characters enclosed in the bracket.

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And the last is the escape character and it's used to escape the above characters so if for example

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in my search term I am looking for a bracket.

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I will precede that with a backslash.

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Let's see some practical examples.

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I've created a number of files that were very commonly see when we're doing ethical hacking engagements.

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Feel free to download these files or you can create them yourself.

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These files are empty.

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They're just created for the purpose of this exercise.

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What we're looking at here is a number of files that correspond to different network ranges and network

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addresses.

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So the assumption is that I've been doing unethical hack for a company and I generated through our my

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assessment and number of files from and map and a number of text files that I've written notes into

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as you can see we have different names and different extensions to these files.

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So we have files Dotti XTi we have files and map we have files thought and map and we're going to see

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what the difference between these two files are later on.

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And I have files that and would not auditee.

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The first thing I want to do is I want to back up all these files before I start removing or moving

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the files around just in.

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And I can do that using the command that we saw in the previous exercise.

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So I'm just going to type tie C F to create a file the name of the file will be back up to space star.

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This is the first wildcard I'm using started as we've seen before means match zero or all characters.

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So in this case I'm telling Todd to create a tar file and include and everything in the current directory.

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Once that's done let me verify very quickly the content and I can do that using the time T.F. command.

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And here we go.

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I get all the files backed up.

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Fantastic.

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So now I can start cleaning up my directory and reorganizing it.

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I'm going to create a directory called Notes and I want to move all the notes files into that directory.

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It's good practice before I delete or I move any file especially before I delete any files to do.

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And I'll ask command if I'm using any wildcards and I do that just to make sure that my command works

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correctly and I'm not accidently deleting far as I shouldn't be deleting.

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So now if I do not know there's that not only the notes files are listed but also the notes directory

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that I just created a fine I'll use the asterisk wildcard and I try to move notes asterisk into the

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notes directory.

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The command will attempt to move everything that starts with the word notes followed with whatever.

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So now it's 10 or 11 including the notes directory.

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And what that means is that I'll be attempting to move the notes directory into itself.

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This will generate an error for me.

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But if you look a little bit closer you'll see that all the notes files have a hyphen in the middle

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before the digit so it's notes dashed then notes that 11 or hyphen 11 notes hyphen 12 and so on.

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So let me see what happens if I do.

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As nodes HIF and star.

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Excellent.

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So this command lists all the notes Faas excluding the notes directory's.

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Now I can safely use my move command knowing that I'm only going to be moving the files into the directory

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without trying to move the notes directory into itself and I can do that typing move or M.V. notes dash

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start for all the notes file.

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So this is going to go with notes.

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Then the XTi and nod's 24 dot auditee so it doesn't matter what the digit is it doesn't matter what

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the extension is.

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And it doesn't matter what follows the notes hyphen and I hit enter.

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And I do an S on the notes directory.

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And here we go.

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I managed to successfully move all my notes into the notes directory.

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Excellent.

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Let me clear the screen and I do as again here's what I want to do.

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Now I want to get rid of all the ten ten hundred files.

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Here's a scenario I did a scan on this network and no results were found.

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So I don't need to be keeping these files I just want to remove them.

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The challenging bit here though is that I have turned up 10 to 100 thought zero Dot T XTi.

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And then I have the tender turned up 100 without the zero g and map and the third one is dot and map.

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So what's the simplest way to remove these three files.

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Again I'm going to verify my command with L as before I'd move anything.

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Let me try and do s 10 dot dot 100 dot all that was simple enough so that listed the three files for

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me.

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So now for that to work with the remove commands I need to add the asterisk to tell the command to look

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for anything after the 100 dot.

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I can verify this with a standard 10 to 100 dot asterisk.

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And again that listed out the three fives.

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Perfect.

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Now all I need to do is replace the L S with.

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I am great I'll clear the screen again an L S.

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Now here's what I want to do.

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I want to move all the files into one that actually remember.

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I have two different extensions G and map and map.

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We'll see how we're going to manage that.

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First I want to create a directory called and map once that's done I'm going to try and list all the

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and map files.

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I'm going to try as asterisk Daut and map

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that didn't actually work so that listed all the flaws that start with anything with the extension dot

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and map what that missed out on the G and map.

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Whatever if I do I'll start a dot G and map

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that unfortunately it doesn't work either.

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So it only lists the files with the G and map extension.

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That's my challenge.

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Now I want a command that lists both.

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So the command should say list whatever dot and map and Dot G and map how can I do that.

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What if I put another asterisk after the dot so l as asterisk dot asterisk and map.

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Excellent.

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This worked.

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So what this commanded is that it listed anything dot anything.

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Followed immediately with map.

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So for example I had a file with extension thought.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 and map that would have been listed as well.

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So now that my command works all I need to do again is replace the L S with M.V.

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and I do s on the end map directory and he would go on my and my files are in one directory and clear

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the screen.

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Now things will start to get a little bit more interesting.

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I have different network ranges I have that 10 ten top 10 10 that turned up 11 and 10 out 10 12 I'm

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going to call that the 10s range because it's 10 11 12.

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I also have the 20s range so tender Tandou 23 24 and 25.

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I'm going to call those the 20s range and last.

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I have the tender Tom two hundred range two or six or seven and two or eight while I want to do now

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is move all these different ranges into different folders.

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So I'm going to start by creating the different directories I'll create the tens twenties and to hundreds.

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Now let me try the first command.

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I'm going to do it as 10.0 and not one that was easy enough.

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That lasted for me.

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The 10s range than the 10 the 10 11 12.

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So now if I do understand that one asterisk it should produce the same result.

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There we go.

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And all I need to do now is move.

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Change the L S to move and add the directory name I list the contents of the directory and all the files

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are moved.

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Now what happens if I try the same thing with the 20s.

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Let's see.

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I'll ask them then that tended to.

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Oh that doesn't look like it's going to work.

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At least the 20s and the two 100s because they both start with two.

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So if I do understand the to star I'm going to get both ranges.

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So what do I do now.

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Remember the question Mike.

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So the asterisk matched zero or all characters.

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The question mark matches exactly one character.

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So now if I put the question mark after the two and I add the extension dot whatever.

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I'll only get a listing of the 20s.

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Why.

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Because the question mark replaces only one digit after the two.

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In this case 23 24 and 25.

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What if I wanted to list the hundreds.

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Simple.

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I put another question like.

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So now I'm telling as to list 10 to attend attended two digit digit dot whatever.

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Great.

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Here we go.

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Now all I need to do is change the l s and to move.

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I move the 20s in to one directory

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and I do as again now all that's left are the two hundreds Obviously I could repeat the old commands

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and I can do two question marks but that's not the fastest way to do that.

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If you look at the contents of the file all that's left are the text files and they all start with some

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digits.

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Dorothy XTi now because all that's left are the two 100s.

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I know that I want to move all of these into the 200 folder.

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So the simplest process way to do that is replace the network ranges with a star or asterisk.

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Telling my move command to move everything that ends with a dot the XTi and I put the folder name and

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done I do as a double check.

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Good stuff.

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Here's a quick bonus for you.

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I'm going to try the three commands.

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It doesn't exist.

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So we're going to use what we just learned in the previous sections to install the command AAPT get

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install three wait for a few seconds for it to install.

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Now if I try again the command exists.

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So the three command shows you the content of any directory and a more graphical organized format.

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I want to see the content of the current directory that I'm in.

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What do I do.

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We've seen this before.

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Three space dot.

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And it shows me this neat organized output.

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I can verify that understands I have the tens range on there to hundreds.

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Same twenty's same unmap has all the and mapped files and all the data XTi nodes and not all the nodes

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are in my notes directory.

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Now that looks much more organized than it looked before hazier mission for the section.

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If you haven't been following up with what I've done please do it.

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Practice it.

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It might sound like it's a lot of information but with practice it will get easier and easier and you'll

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notice that almost 90 percent of the time your usage will be limited to asterisk.

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So practice a little bit with that.

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Create these files.

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Repeat the exercises if you haven't done so already following up with the video so we can move into

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the next section.