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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,290 --> 00:00:02,990 Or it's got a quick introduction to the ls command. 2 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:06,600 Now let's see what other options we can use with it. 3 00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:10,170 Again there are less command lists the content of a directory. 4 00:00:10,350 --> 00:00:18,750 If we use less money and will do a long listing if we use less minus a will show us hidden files. 5 00:00:19,110 --> 00:00:27,150 If we use LS minus Our it will list the names and reverse order if we use LS dynasty it will show us 6 00:00:27,150 --> 00:00:35,130 new files first and if we use LS minus Arti it would show us a listing and reverse time. 7 00:00:35,190 --> 00:00:36,900 So all the files and folders. 8 00:00:36,900 --> 00:00:46,740 First let's see how this works so right now I'm in my home directory and if I type as I can see the 9 00:00:46,740 --> 00:00:48,640 content of my home directory. 10 00:00:48,780 --> 00:00:51,960 All of these directories or folders. 11 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:56,130 In other words just step documents and so on. 12 00:00:56,130 --> 00:00:59,990 Let's say I want to display the content of the temp directory. 13 00:01:00,060 --> 00:01:04,720 I can do that easily by typing LS space forward slash temp. 14 00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:10,830 And now I can see the directories that I just created and some other files that I've created including 15 00:01:10,830 --> 00:01:14,410 test files this file to an X Files. 16 00:01:14,440 --> 00:01:16,300 Let's see how the options work. 17 00:01:17,580 --> 00:01:23,730 Now if I type as minus l using the minus l option and slash them. 18 00:01:24,070 --> 00:01:26,620 Notice how different the output looks. 19 00:01:26,650 --> 00:01:29,400 This is what we call the long listing with ls. 20 00:01:29,410 --> 00:01:35,740 What I wanted to focus on for now is the very first letter or symbol on the far left. 21 00:01:36,160 --> 00:01:39,190 D stands for directory. 22 00:01:39,190 --> 00:01:43,680 And notice how in Cali the directories are coded and blue by default. 23 00:01:43,750 --> 00:01:51,220 So you have day-I or one and testee are these both are directories with the letter D on the left the 24 00:01:51,220 --> 00:01:59,640 dash symbol signifies a file as can be seen here next to the test file test file 2 and X Files. 25 00:02:00,220 --> 00:02:07,780 Let's say I want to display the content of the I or one directory I can easily do that by typing LS 26 00:02:07,830 --> 00:02:12,060 space for the slash step forward slash the. 27 00:02:12,300 --> 00:02:16,280 And I can see that inside the one I have to. 28 00:02:16,590 --> 00:02:21,810 So I'm trying to say here is that you don't have to see the entire directory to see its content. 29 00:02:21,810 --> 00:02:28,300 You can do that from anywhere in the system by typing Ellas space and the full path. 30 00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:34,620 Now let's see what the minus a does file type LS minus a l slash term 31 00:02:39,150 --> 00:02:41,300 I see a lot more output. 32 00:02:41,340 --> 00:02:46,020 See all of these and three is colored by Green and preceded by a dot. 33 00:02:46,050 --> 00:02:47,280 These are hidden files. 34 00:02:47,280 --> 00:02:53,190 This is why we didn't see them and the first time we used the LS minus Al using the minus a shows us 35 00:02:53,190 --> 00:02:55,190 the hidden directories and files. 36 00:02:55,560 --> 00:02:59,170 And usually these are preceded as said by a dot. 37 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:02,800 Notice the top to the DOT and the dot dot. 38 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:05,820 We've seen this before with the CD. 39 00:03:05,820 --> 00:03:09,900 Let's understand a little bit more how this works. 40 00:03:09,900 --> 00:03:15,820 Let me do an Alice minus a L on the directory to under deal 1 and temp. 41 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:18,330 Notice that 22 is empty. 42 00:03:18,390 --> 00:03:21,990 All that I can see that is that dot and dot dot. 43 00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:24,050 Let's see the the I are 2. 44 00:03:24,450 --> 00:03:30,300 Now like I explained when we were looking at the CD the dot signifies the current working directory 45 00:03:30,580 --> 00:03:34,290 that dot dot was up one directory. 46 00:03:34,650 --> 00:03:41,490 So now if I type CD but in theory I should still remain where I am because the DOT signifies the current 47 00:03:41,490 --> 00:03:42,390 directory. 48 00:03:42,390 --> 00:03:44,240 Let's see if this works. 49 00:03:44,580 --> 00:03:50,840 And then I type see the space Daut and notice that my working directory hasn't changed. 50 00:03:50,840 --> 00:03:57,950 I'm still exactly what I am if I type see the space dot dot I should in theory move up one directory 51 00:03:58,190 --> 00:04:00,320 to d i r one. 52 00:04:00,380 --> 00:04:01,640 Let's try that. 53 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:07,490 See the space dot dot and I'm in the eye of one. 54 00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:14,270 Now if I type it again see the space dot dot I'm going to move up one directory and now I'm in time. 55 00:04:14,270 --> 00:04:17,200 Can you guess what I will be if I do that one more time. 56 00:04:17,210 --> 00:04:18,530 We've already seen that. 57 00:04:18,590 --> 00:04:23,040 See these space dot dot on em back to root. 58 00:04:23,570 --> 00:04:29,570 I hope now this clarifies the difference between dot and dot dot and how we can use them in different 59 00:04:29,570 --> 00:04:30,520 manners. 60 00:04:30,890 --> 00:04:32,980 Let's look at another option. 61 00:04:33,230 --> 00:04:39,500 First I'm going to do the one that we've already seen unless one has slashed them so you can compare 62 00:04:39,500 --> 00:04:40,430 it with the other one. 63 00:04:40,430 --> 00:04:43,360 Now I'm going to do the minus one. 64 00:04:43,790 --> 00:04:52,120 Like we said the minors are lists in reverse name LS minus our space flash them. 65 00:04:52,370 --> 00:04:54,930 Notice how the output is now reversed. 66 00:04:56,060 --> 00:04:59,120 The odd one is now at the bottom. 67 00:04:59,280 --> 00:05:04,600 So it's kind of like when you add in Windows Microsoft Windows you're sorting by name. 68 00:05:04,620 --> 00:05:07,170 Now let's try to list the new files first. 69 00:05:07,170 --> 00:05:14,630 And I do that by typing LS space minus D L slash temp and noticed that the first file was created at 70 00:05:14,630 --> 00:05:20,960 10:44 the second at 10:36 the third at 10:27. 71 00:05:20,960 --> 00:05:28,390 So now I'm listing or I'm sorting by the newest file first and I'll let you try the last one by yourself. 72 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:29,930 The LS minus Arti 73 00:05:33,580 --> 00:05:34,590 so far so good. 74 00:05:34,630 --> 00:05:37,060 I hope nothing too complicated. 75 00:05:37,060 --> 00:05:41,760 On the contrary super simple stuff we've seen how to change directory. 76 00:05:41,770 --> 00:05:47,020 We've seen how to create directories and files and we've seen how to list the content of directories 77 00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:50,920 after we created some files and folders inside them. 78 00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:54,310 Easy stuff hazier machine for the section. 79 00:05:54,370 --> 00:05:59,680 Try the following commands that you see in front of you and not what the results are. 80 00:05:59,710 --> 00:06:04,810 The last comment in particular is a fairly useful one that can save you quite a bit of time when you're 81 00:06:04,810 --> 00:06:05,880 working with Linux. 8114