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1
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I would read into
the record,
2
00:00:18,933 --> 00:00:21,561
for the benefit of those delegates
who are unable to remain
3
00:00:21,602 --> 00:00:23,126
to close of session,
4
00:00:23,171 --> 00:00:28,131
the declarations and resolves
of this first Congress.
5
00:00:28,176 --> 00:00:29,973
Resolved...
6
00:00:30,011 --> 00:00:33,469
that to the recent
grievous acts imposed by Parliament
7
00:00:33,514 --> 00:00:36,881
on Massachusetts,
we cannot submit.
8
00:00:36,918 --> 00:00:40,285
But in hopes that our fellow
subjects in Great Britain
9
00:00:40,321 --> 00:00:44,155
will restore to us
happiness and prosperity,
10
00:00:44,192 --> 00:00:47,184
rather than support
the Massachusetts militia,
11
00:00:47,228 --> 00:00:50,356
we have agreed to
pursue the following
12
00:00:50,398 --> 00:00:52,696
peaceable measures...
13
00:00:52,734 --> 00:00:56,261
To publish a statement
of the aforesaid to the inhabitants
14
00:00:56,304 --> 00:00:59,000
- of British America.
- Who need no reminders.
15
00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:02,066
Two, to enter into
a non-importation,
16
00:01:02,110 --> 00:01:06,240
non-consumption and
non-exportation agreement
17
00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:08,714
- of British goods.
- Which no one will honor.
18
00:01:08,750 --> 00:01:10,377
And three,
19
00:01:10,418 --> 00:01:13,717
to prepare a loyal address
to His Majesty.
20
00:01:13,755 --> 00:01:15,313
Which His Majesty
will not read.
21
00:01:16,724 --> 00:01:18,851
This Congress stands
adjourned.
22
00:01:18,893 --> 00:01:23,523
The business of this Congress
being concluded, all delegates...
23
00:01:23,564 --> 00:01:25,532
"The business of
this Congress."
24
00:01:25,566 --> 00:01:28,194
The business of this Congress
has been to achieve nothing.
25
00:01:28,236 --> 00:01:31,672
...the year of our Lord,
1775.
26
00:01:33,541 --> 00:01:37,443
You carry good news back
home, Mr. Paine.
27
00:01:37,478 --> 00:01:39,605
Massachusetts has made
its cause plain
28
00:01:39,647 --> 00:01:43,913
to its sister colonies, and now
it will be made plain to Parliament.
29
00:01:43,951 --> 00:01:47,443
L... I beg to differ,
Mr. Dickinson.
30
00:01:49,457 --> 00:01:51,755
Nothing has been
made plain.
31
00:01:54,796 --> 00:01:56,423
All this Congress
has shown
32
00:01:56,464 --> 00:01:59,228
is that every man in it thinks
that he is a great man...
33
00:01:59,267 --> 00:02:02,532
orator, a critic,
a statesman.
34
00:02:02,570 --> 00:02:06,529
And therefore every man
must show his oratory, his criticism,
35
00:02:06,574 --> 00:02:09,099
his political ability.
36
00:02:11,279 --> 00:02:14,510
If it were moved and seconded
that two and three make five,
37
00:02:14,549 --> 00:02:17,484
we should spend two
whole days debating the matter
38
00:02:17,518 --> 00:02:20,715
and only then pass a resolution
in the affirmative.
39
00:02:23,758 --> 00:02:26,989
Well, in that event,
Mr. Adams,
40
00:02:27,028 --> 00:02:30,896
our adjournment comes
not a moment too soon.
41
00:02:33,367 --> 00:02:35,665
A toast,
42
00:02:35,703 --> 00:02:37,136
gentlemen and ladies.
43
00:02:37,171 --> 00:02:40,004
May Boston's troubles
44
00:02:40,041 --> 00:02:42,407
soon be at an end
45
00:02:42,443 --> 00:02:45,344
and her people's
natural rights
46
00:02:45,379 --> 00:02:48,644
as Englishmen
be fully restored.
47
00:02:48,683 --> 00:02:52,517
May the sword of the parent
never be stained
48
00:02:52,553 --> 00:02:54,680
with the blood
49
00:02:54,722 --> 00:02:56,849
of her children.
50
00:03:00,161 --> 00:03:02,220
God save the king.
51
00:03:02,263 --> 00:03:04,595
- Long live the king.
- God save the king.
52
00:05:46,661 --> 00:05:49,061
There we are.
53
00:05:49,096 --> 00:05:50,859
Go on, get a feel for it.
54
00:05:50,898 --> 00:05:52,866
Put your hands in there.
55
00:05:52,900 --> 00:05:54,629
Deeper.
56
00:05:54,669 --> 00:05:56,796
Deeper.
There.
57
00:05:56,837 --> 00:05:58,998
There, turn it,
yeah?
58
00:05:59,040 --> 00:06:01,600
Ah!
59
00:06:01,642 --> 00:06:04,975
Now, the best recipe
is equal parts
60
00:06:05,012 --> 00:06:07,173
salt marsh,
upland soil
61
00:06:07,214 --> 00:06:10,012
and dung.
62
00:06:10,051 --> 00:06:12,747
Manure is an art,
63
00:06:12,787 --> 00:06:17,121
and I consider myself
an accomplished artist.
64
00:06:17,158 --> 00:06:19,626
There.
Here.
65
00:06:19,660 --> 00:06:21,890
There, smell that.
66
00:06:23,497 --> 00:06:26,364
Yeah?
Now...
67
00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:28,994
I want to be a farmer too,
Papa.
68
00:06:29,036 --> 00:06:30,833
Do you now?
69
00:06:32,039 --> 00:06:34,337
Well, farming is noble
employment, Johnny.
70
00:06:34,375 --> 00:06:38,175
The noblest there is. And this farm
will always be in our family.
71
00:06:38,212 --> 00:06:40,544
But it's to be school
and the law for you.
72
00:06:42,616 --> 00:06:44,481
As it was for me.
73
00:06:44,518 --> 00:06:45,849
Mr. Adams! Mr. Adams!
74
00:06:45,886 --> 00:06:49,253
The British!
The British are marching on Concord!
75
00:06:49,290 --> 00:06:51,155
- The British are marching on Concord!
- Get inside.
76
00:06:51,192 --> 00:06:53,558
- Go inside!
- To arms! To arms!
77
00:06:53,594 --> 00:06:55,619
Charles!
78
00:06:55,663 --> 00:06:58,257
Inside, Charles!
Get inside!
79
00:06:58,299 --> 00:07:01,200
Here we are, John.
80
00:07:01,235 --> 00:07:04,727
The first sign of trouble,
you fly to the woods!
81
00:07:26,961 --> 00:07:29,452
Steady, steady...
82
00:07:40,307 --> 00:07:43,572
Stay with me!
83
00:07:53,854 --> 00:07:56,254
Come on, faster!
84
00:07:56,290 --> 00:07:57,848
Keep up!
Keep up!
85
00:07:57,892 --> 00:08:00,258
Come on,
take the bayonet.
86
00:08:02,663 --> 00:08:04,130
Mr. Adams!
87
00:08:04,165 --> 00:08:06,690
- Doctor! Doctor Warren!
- Mr. Adams!
88
00:08:06,734 --> 00:08:08,599
What is God's name
has happened?
89
00:08:08,636 --> 00:08:11,070
Gage sent a regiment
to seize our powder
90
00:08:11,105 --> 00:08:12,766
and arms at Concord.
91
00:08:12,807 --> 00:08:14,968
Hundreds of our
militia turned out.
92
00:08:15,009 --> 00:08:17,000
The British got nothing.
93
00:08:17,044 --> 00:08:19,410
Well, where are they now?
Are they close by?
94
00:08:19,446 --> 00:08:22,210
We are chasing the bastards
back to Boston,
95
00:08:22,249 --> 00:08:24,877
- and we'll keep them there!
- Uh...
96
00:08:24,919 --> 00:08:26,511
Yah, move!
97
00:08:26,554 --> 00:08:29,318
Come on, men.
98
00:09:30,384 --> 00:09:34,514
Well, there can be
no mistaking Britain's intentions now.
99
00:09:52,239 --> 00:09:55,208
Oh, if you had
seen them, Abigail.
100
00:09:58,078 --> 00:10:01,411
An army of
plain country boys...
101
00:10:02,750 --> 00:10:05,981
with no experience of
professional soldiering.
102
00:10:08,489 --> 00:10:11,890
But their faces shining like the sun
through a church window.
103
00:10:13,928 --> 00:10:16,761
We must support them...
104
00:10:16,797 --> 00:10:20,392
with guns and leadership
105
00:10:20,434 --> 00:10:23,562
and faith in what
they do.
106
00:10:25,439 --> 00:10:27,407
Say that, John.
107
00:10:27,441 --> 00:10:30,638
Say that
108
00:10:30,678 --> 00:10:32,976
to the Congress.
109
00:10:33,013 --> 00:10:35,538
If I have to stand
and rail
110
00:10:35,582 --> 00:10:38,107
until my voice breaks
111
00:10:38,152 --> 00:10:40,484
and my legs collapse
beneath me...
112
00:10:43,357 --> 00:10:45,416
this time Congress
will act.
113
00:10:48,896 --> 00:10:51,194
Men...
114
00:10:51,231 --> 00:10:54,997
need to think that they have
made their own decisions...
115
00:10:56,637 --> 00:10:58,605
not had them
forced upon them.
116
00:10:58,639 --> 00:11:00,607
I don't have the time
to coddle
117
00:11:00,641 --> 00:11:04,042
like a young girl
courting a beau, Abigail.
118
00:11:10,417 --> 00:11:13,545
To sit in Philadelphia
119
00:11:13,587 --> 00:11:16,852
listening to men talking
to hear themselves talk,
120
00:11:16,890 --> 00:11:19,188
resolving nothing...
121
00:11:19,226 --> 00:11:22,718
to subject myself to that
yet again, I cannot.
122
00:11:26,834 --> 00:11:29,530
I cannot.
123
00:11:29,570 --> 00:11:32,562
Where are these gentlemen
from Massachusetts?
124
00:11:32,606 --> 00:11:35,734
What have you done with these gentlemen
from Massachusetts?
125
00:11:35,776 --> 00:11:40,645
Have you stolen these gentlemen
from Massachusetts?
126
00:11:43,384 --> 00:11:45,409
There they are!
127
00:11:45,452 --> 00:11:48,649
All the way
from Boston.
128
00:11:48,689 --> 00:11:50,816
Are they not a shame
on their country?
129
00:11:50,858 --> 00:11:54,817
Are they not a disgrace
to all civilized beings?
130
00:11:54,862 --> 00:11:59,663
Has not even the Reverend Ebenezer
Slither declared them so?
131
00:11:59,700 --> 00:12:02,601
They have violated
132
00:12:02,636 --> 00:12:05,833
the fundamental rule
of warfare,
133
00:12:05,873 --> 00:12:09,070
which is always
to let the British win!
134
00:12:09,109 --> 00:12:12,977
Did they not pursue
the British Army
135
00:12:13,013 --> 00:12:15,004
with ungentlemanly haste
136
00:12:15,049 --> 00:12:18,507
after their cowardly
victory at Concord?
137
00:12:18,552 --> 00:12:21,077
Must you be so extreme,
Dr. Franklin?
138
00:12:21,121 --> 00:12:25,023
I'm an extreme moderate,
Mr. Rutledge.
139
00:12:25,059 --> 00:12:28,119
I believe anybody not in favor
of moderation and compromise
140
00:12:28,162 --> 00:12:30,130
out to be castrated.
141
00:12:30,164 --> 00:12:34,260
And that all this should be sent down
to the... to the Parliament,
142
00:12:34,301 --> 00:12:37,793
for they seem to need...
how shall I put it?
143
00:12:37,838 --> 00:12:40,306
Stones.
144
00:12:44,211 --> 00:12:45,769
There.
145
00:12:45,813 --> 00:12:49,340
I think we scared him off.
146
00:12:49,383 --> 00:12:53,945
I am very glad to
have you gentlemen with us.
147
00:12:53,987 --> 00:12:55,978
Very glad indeed.
148
00:12:56,023 --> 00:12:59,220
I beg the good
gentlemen here.
149
00:12:59,259 --> 00:13:01,659
I beseech you...
150
00:13:01,662 --> 00:13:03,960
Entreat.
He left out entreat.
151
00:13:03,997 --> 00:13:06,659
I entreat you to remember
152
00:13:06,700 --> 00:13:08,327
that we remain
the king's subject,
153
00:13:08,368 --> 00:13:11,132
whatever the recent
unpleasantness in Massachusetts.
154
00:13:11,171 --> 00:13:13,230
One rash action
155
00:13:13,273 --> 00:13:16,367
- does not merit a rash response!
- Hear, hear!
156
00:13:16,410 --> 00:13:19,811
Might must be met with reason,
not arms!
157
00:13:19,847 --> 00:13:20,939
Hear, hear!
158
00:13:22,616 --> 00:13:26,450
I remind Mr. Rutledge
and Mr. Duane
159
00:13:26,487 --> 00:13:29,684
that blood has
been shed.
160
00:13:29,723 --> 00:13:31,281
Massachusetts' blood.
161
00:13:31,325 --> 00:13:33,953
While we debate,
162
00:13:33,994 --> 00:13:37,088
our militia is left
without munitions,
163
00:13:37,131 --> 00:13:40,897
without arms, without even
the slightest encouragement.
164
00:13:42,669 --> 00:13:45,137
Mr. Dickinson of
Pennsylvania.
165
00:13:45,172 --> 00:13:48,369
One colony cannot be allowed
166
00:13:48,408 --> 00:13:50,137
to take its sister colonies
167
00:13:50,177 --> 00:13:52,941
headlong into
the maelstrom of war.
168
00:13:52,980 --> 00:13:55,346
Hear! Yes!
169
00:13:55,382 --> 00:13:58,840
Parliament will be eager
to call a halt to hostilities,
170
00:13:58,886 --> 00:14:02,219
as are we.
They will seek conciliation.
171
00:14:02,256 --> 00:14:04,952
We must offer them
an olive branch.
172
00:14:06,660 --> 00:14:10,221
I move this assembly
consider a humble
173
00:14:10,264 --> 00:14:11,754
and dutiful petition
174
00:14:11,798 --> 00:14:13,265
be dispatched
to His Majesty,
175
00:14:13,300 --> 00:14:15,791
one that includes
a plain statement
176
00:14:15,836 --> 00:14:19,169
that the colony desires
immediate negotiation
177
00:14:19,206 --> 00:14:22,539
and accommodation of these
unhappy disputes,
178
00:14:22,576 --> 00:14:26,569
and that we are willing
to enter into measures
179
00:14:26,613 --> 00:14:29,013
to achieve that
reconciliation.
180
00:14:29,049 --> 00:14:30,243
Second!
181
00:14:30,284 --> 00:14:33,549
Mr. Dickinson?
182
00:14:34,821 --> 00:14:38,484
The time for negotiation
is past.
183
00:14:39,893 --> 00:14:43,090
The actions of the British
Army at Lexington and Concord
184
00:14:43,130 --> 00:14:44,825
speak plainly enough.
185
00:14:46,400 --> 00:14:50,666
If we wish to regain
our natural-born rights as Englishmen...
186
00:14:51,672 --> 00:14:53,333
then we must
fight for them.
187
00:14:53,373 --> 00:14:55,068
Hear, hear.
188
00:14:55,108 --> 00:14:58,771
I have looked for our rights
in the laws of nature
189
00:14:58,812 --> 00:15:01,610
and can find them only
in the laws
190
00:15:01,648 --> 00:15:04,742
of political society.
I have looked for our rights
191
00:15:04,785 --> 00:15:07,754
in the Constitution
of the English government
192
00:15:07,788 --> 00:15:10,689
- and found them there!
- Hear, hear!
193
00:15:12,459 --> 00:15:15,587
Our rights
have been violated,
194
00:15:15,629 --> 00:15:17,790
Mr. Adams,
that is beyond dispute.
195
00:15:17,831 --> 00:15:22,291
We must provide a plan
to convince Parliament
196
00:15:22,336 --> 00:15:24,395
to restore those rights!
197
00:15:24,438 --> 00:15:27,703
Do we wish to become aliens
to the mother country?
198
00:15:27,741 --> 00:15:30,141
- No!
- No, gentlemen,
199
00:15:30,177 --> 00:15:33,408
we must come to terms
with the mother country.
200
00:15:33,447 --> 00:15:35,415
No doubt the same ship
201
00:15:35,449 --> 00:15:38,282
which carries forth
our list of grievances
202
00:15:38,318 --> 00:15:41,253
will bring back
their redress.
203
00:15:41,288 --> 00:15:43,279
Mr. Dickinson...
204
00:15:45,259 --> 00:15:47,921
my wife and young children
205
00:15:47,961 --> 00:15:50,930
live on the main road to
Boston, fewer than five miles
206
00:15:50,964 --> 00:15:53,091
from the full might
of the British Empire.
207
00:15:54,801 --> 00:15:57,736
Should they sit and wait
for Gage and his savages
208
00:15:57,771 --> 00:16:01,002
to rob them of their home,
their possessions,
209
00:16:01,041 --> 00:16:03,475
their very lives?
210
00:16:03,510 --> 00:16:06,843
No, sir!
Powder and artillery
211
00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:08,848
are the surest
and most infallible
212
00:16:08,882 --> 00:16:11,612
conciliatory measures
we can adopt!
213
00:16:13,253 --> 00:16:17,417
If you explode
the possibility of peace, Mr. Adams,
214
00:16:17,457 --> 00:16:21,154
and I tell you now, you will
have blood on your hands!
215
00:16:21,194 --> 00:16:23,788
And I tell you,
Mr. Dickinson,
216
00:16:23,830 --> 00:16:26,822
that to hold out
an olive branch to Britain
217
00:16:26,867 --> 00:16:28,732
is a measure of
gross imbecility.
218
00:16:28,769 --> 00:16:31,294
If you New England men
continue to oppose our measures
219
00:16:31,338 --> 00:16:34,603
of reconciliation,
you will leave us no choice
220
00:16:34,641 --> 00:16:37,371
but to break off
from you entirely
221
00:16:37,411 --> 00:16:40,141
and carry on the opposition
in our own way.
222
00:16:40,180 --> 00:16:43,013
Hear, hear.
223
00:16:43,050 --> 00:16:45,541
L... I sit in judgment
224
00:16:45,585 --> 00:16:48,748
of no man's religion,
Mr. Dickinson...
225
00:16:50,624 --> 00:16:52,888
but your Quaker sensibilities
226
00:16:52,926 --> 00:16:55,326
do us a gross disservice, sir.
227
00:16:56,463 --> 00:16:59,227
It is one thing to
turn the other cheek,
228
00:16:59,266 --> 00:17:02,429
but to lie down in the ground
like a snake
229
00:17:02,469 --> 00:17:05,302
- and crawl toward the seat of power...
- Mr. Adams!
230
00:17:05,339 --> 00:17:07,967
...in abject surrender,
well, that is quite another thing, sir.
231
00:17:08,008 --> 00:17:10,203
- And I have no stomach for it, sir!
- Mr. Adams!
232
00:17:10,243 --> 00:17:12,040
- No stomach at all!
- Hear, hear!
233
00:17:12,079 --> 00:17:16,140
We will exhaust
all peaceful approaches,
234
00:17:16,183 --> 00:17:18,413
Mr. Adams.
235
00:17:18,452 --> 00:17:22,047
And we will do it with
or without the approbation
236
00:17:22,089 --> 00:17:25,354
of you and your
Boston insurrectionists!
237
00:17:25,392 --> 00:17:28,361
Hear, hear!
238
00:17:28,395 --> 00:17:30,329
Mr. Dickinson's motion
239
00:17:30,364 --> 00:17:32,161
to send an olive branch
petition to His Majesty
240
00:17:32,199 --> 00:17:33,894
has been made
and seconded.
241
00:17:33,934 --> 00:17:35,993
We shall proceed
to a vote.
242
00:17:36,036 --> 00:17:37,731
New Hampshire?
243
00:17:37,771 --> 00:17:40,137
New Hampshire
votes no.
244
00:17:40,173 --> 00:17:41,902
Massachusetts?
245
00:17:41,942 --> 00:17:43,500
Massachusetts
votes no.
246
00:17:44,711 --> 00:17:48,340
- Rhode Island?
- Rhode Island votes no.
247
00:17:48,382 --> 00:17:51,317
- New York?
- New York votes yes!
248
00:17:51,351 --> 00:17:52,978
Hear, hear.
249
00:17:53,019 --> 00:17:56,420
- Connecticut?
- Connecticut votes no.
250
00:17:56,456 --> 00:17:58,321
New Jersey?
251
00:17:58,358 --> 00:18:00,553
New Jersey
votes yes.
252
00:18:00,594 --> 00:18:02,892
Hear, hear.
253
00:18:02,929 --> 00:18:06,592
- Delaware?
- Delaware votes yes.
254
00:18:08,301 --> 00:18:10,064
Pennsylvania?
255
00:18:11,605 --> 00:18:14,073
Pennsylvania votes,
uh, yes.
256
00:18:15,976 --> 00:18:18,877
Virginia?
257
00:18:18,912 --> 00:18:21,005
Virginia votes yes.
258
00:18:21,047 --> 00:18:25,677
- Maryland?
- Maryland votes yes.
259
00:18:25,719 --> 00:18:29,052
- South Carolina?
- South Carolina votes yes.
260
00:18:29,089 --> 00:18:32,058
- Georgia?
- Georgia votes yes.
261
00:18:33,593 --> 00:18:36,289
The storm did not quite behave
as it was meant to behave.
262
00:18:36,329 --> 00:18:39,127
Unlike the British Army,
it did not travel in a straight line.
263
00:18:40,434 --> 00:18:43,028
As my brother
told me at the time...
264
00:18:43,069 --> 00:18:44,593
- Oh, Mr. Adams.
- Doctor.
265
00:18:44,638 --> 00:18:47,607
Dr. Rush has been
telling me
266
00:18:47,641 --> 00:18:50,109
that he has bled most
of Philadelphia.
267
00:18:50,143 --> 00:18:53,340
He quite swears by
the regenerative powers
268
00:18:53,380 --> 00:18:55,348
of desanguination.
269
00:18:55,382 --> 00:18:58,215
Thus far, Philadelphia
has survived...
270
00:18:58,251 --> 00:19:00,651
Can I have a private
word with you, Doctor?
271
00:19:02,923 --> 00:19:05,221
Oh, certainly,
Mr. Adams.
272
00:19:05,258 --> 00:19:08,625
Gentlemen, if you...
if you'll excuse me.
273
00:19:17,003 --> 00:19:20,803
You seem a little
distracted, Mr. Adams.
274
00:19:20,841 --> 00:19:23,901
I had thought that
you were with us.
275
00:19:23,944 --> 00:19:25,809
As I am,
as I am.
276
00:19:25,846 --> 00:19:28,178
But not enough to
come out and say so.
277
00:19:31,184 --> 00:19:34,449
Politics is the art
of the possible.
278
00:19:34,488 --> 00:19:37,150
What did you get by
opposing the motion?
279
00:19:37,190 --> 00:19:40,785
It was carried with our without you.
All you did was make enemies
280
00:19:40,827 --> 00:19:43,091
and... and make yourself
feel better, of course.
281
00:19:45,699 --> 00:19:48,793
Do you not believe in
saying what you think?
282
00:19:48,835 --> 00:19:50,803
No, I'm very much
against it.
283
00:19:50,837 --> 00:19:53,032
Thinking aloud is a habit
responsible
284
00:19:53,073 --> 00:19:55,098
for much of
mankind's misery.
285
00:19:56,510 --> 00:20:00,105
St. Thomas a Becket might
have lived to a ripe old age
286
00:20:00,146 --> 00:20:02,671
if he...
287
00:20:08,154 --> 00:20:10,315
You insulted
Mr. Dickinson.
288
00:20:12,459 --> 00:20:14,484
You insulted him
in public.
289
00:20:15,795 --> 00:20:17,763
Would you have me
insult him in private?
290
00:20:17,797 --> 00:20:20,595
It's perfectly acceptable
to insult someone in private.
291
00:20:20,634 --> 00:20:22,932
Sometimes they might even
thank you for it afterwards.
292
00:20:22,969 --> 00:20:26,871
But when you do it in public,
they tend to think you are serious.
293
00:20:31,511 --> 00:20:34,071
I feel myself hated
in this town.
294
00:20:36,082 --> 00:20:38,175
Go gently.
295
00:20:38,218 --> 00:20:39,617
I beg you.
296
00:20:39,653 --> 00:20:43,487
You are a guest
in Philadelphia.
297
00:20:43,523 --> 00:20:46,754
Fish and guests...
298
00:20:46,793 --> 00:20:48,920
stink after three days.
299
00:20:55,402 --> 00:20:57,768
You would do well
300
00:20:57,804 --> 00:21:00,272
to seek out the gentlemen
of Virginia.
301
00:21:01,741 --> 00:21:04,107
Their vote went
against me as well.
302
00:21:04,144 --> 00:21:07,545
Well, Virginia must
be won, Mr. Adams.
303
00:21:07,581 --> 00:21:10,106
Their wealth, prestige,
their size...
304
00:21:10,150 --> 00:21:12,550
no other colony carries
that much weight.
305
00:21:12,586 --> 00:21:15,077
And I think you'll find,
despite their recent vote,
306
00:21:15,121 --> 00:21:17,988
that they are of
your opinion.
307
00:21:18,024 --> 00:21:22,051
And of your opinion, sir.
308
00:21:22,095 --> 00:21:24,359
Oh.
309
00:21:24,397 --> 00:21:27,798
My opinion is that
I have no opinion.
310
00:21:29,603 --> 00:21:31,571
But I'll gladly
come with you,
311
00:21:31,605 --> 00:21:35,041
to find out what
my opinion might be.
312
00:21:35,075 --> 00:21:38,943
Diplomacy is seduction
in another guise, Mr. Adams.
313
00:21:38,979 --> 00:21:42,039
One improves with practice.
314
00:21:42,082 --> 00:21:44,915
Mr. Harrison,
Mr. Lee.
315
00:21:44,951 --> 00:21:48,114
Gentlemen,
good morning to you.
316
00:21:48,154 --> 00:21:49,781
Mr. Lee?
317
00:21:49,823 --> 00:21:53,919
You are said to be
the Cicero of Virginia.
318
00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:57,589
Like you, Mr. Adams, we are arming
ourselves for our own defense.
319
00:21:57,631 --> 00:21:58,996
Beyond that,
320
00:21:59,032 --> 00:22:01,762
the Virginia Convention has
given us no instructions.
321
00:22:01,801 --> 00:22:04,702
Were it up to myself
and Colonel Washington...
322
00:22:05,772 --> 00:22:08,536
Oh, yes indeed.
Colonel Washington.
323
00:22:14,180 --> 00:22:15,807
Good morning to you, Colonel.
324
00:22:15,849 --> 00:22:17,976
Mr. Adams.
325
00:22:18,018 --> 00:22:19,383
Colonel,
326
00:22:19,419 --> 00:22:22,286
you are in mourning?
327
00:22:22,322 --> 00:22:26,452
Mm, for Massachusetts,
Mr. Adams.
328
00:22:26,493 --> 00:22:29,291
An attack made on
one of our sister colonies
329
00:22:29,329 --> 00:22:32,355
is an attack
made on all of us.
330
00:22:34,868 --> 00:22:38,201
If only all of the Congress
were of your sentiment, sir.
331
00:22:38,238 --> 00:22:41,366
I am prepared to raise
1,000 men,
332
00:22:41,408 --> 00:22:44,002
subsist them at
my own expense
333
00:22:44,044 --> 00:22:48,003
and march them myself to
the relief of Boston.
334
00:22:48,048 --> 00:22:52,007
Well, we may yet have need
of your generosity.
335
00:22:52,052 --> 00:22:54,577
Not generosity,
Mr. Adams,
336
00:22:54,621 --> 00:22:56,213
duty.
337
00:23:06,766 --> 00:23:09,098
A natural leader.
338
00:23:09,135 --> 00:23:12,332
He's always the tallest
man in the room.
339
00:23:12,372 --> 00:23:15,933
He's bound to end up
leading something.
340
00:23:18,278 --> 00:23:21,475
When will we escape
this dreadful city, Doctor?
341
00:23:21,514 --> 00:23:23,573
Philadelphia is not
to your liking, sir?
342
00:23:23,616 --> 00:23:26,414
I'd rather be in
my own country.
343
00:23:26,453 --> 00:23:28,353
Would not you?
344
00:23:29,522 --> 00:23:31,717
I would, Mr. Jefferson,
yes.
345
00:23:31,758 --> 00:23:34,226
Well, excuse me.
346
00:24:07,227 --> 00:24:09,821
Mama!
Ma!
347
00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,198
Are those our guns, Mama?
348
00:24:17,237 --> 00:24:20,001
I pray they are.
349
00:25:21,601 --> 00:25:23,967
Would you like
some water, sir?
350
00:25:24,003 --> 00:25:26,938
Thank you, ma'am.
Thank you.
351
00:25:33,780 --> 00:25:35,441
Thank you, ma'am.
352
00:25:35,481 --> 00:25:37,711
Would you like some water?
353
00:25:38,885 --> 00:25:41,683
- Thank you, ma'am.
- There you go.
354
00:25:41,721 --> 00:25:44,622
We saw flames above
the harbor.
355
00:25:44,657 --> 00:25:47,751
Gage's ships laid into us
with cannon fire.
356
00:25:49,128 --> 00:25:51,824
They sent their butchers
through the smoke up Bunker Hill.
357
00:25:51,865 --> 00:25:53,856
Dear God.
358
00:25:53,900 --> 00:25:57,427
We held them back.
359
00:25:57,470 --> 00:25:59,301
Thank you.
360
00:26:17,824 --> 00:26:21,055
Do I know that face?
361
00:26:29,002 --> 00:26:30,526
I knew that face.
362
00:26:30,570 --> 00:26:33,539
Children, inside.
363
00:26:40,880 --> 00:26:45,476
General Warren is fallen
at Bunker Hill...
364
00:26:48,588 --> 00:26:51,489
shot through the head...
365
00:26:53,326 --> 00:26:57,126
bayoneted and stripped
of his clothes.
366
00:27:01,901 --> 00:27:04,096
I knew him, gentlemen.
367
00:27:06,539 --> 00:27:08,097
He was my physician.
368
00:27:12,345 --> 00:27:14,813
The full measure of
British atrocity
369
00:27:14,847 --> 00:27:17,338
is too terrible to relate.
370
00:27:19,852 --> 00:27:22,946
"400 patriots dead."
371
00:27:22,989 --> 00:27:26,823
Not professional soldiers,
gentlemen,
372
00:27:26,859 --> 00:27:29,521
ordinary citizens
of Massachusetts
373
00:27:29,562 --> 00:27:31,291
who willingly gave
their lives
374
00:27:31,331 --> 00:27:33,822
to defend what
was rightfully theirs...
375
00:27:33,866 --> 00:27:35,834
their liberty.
376
00:27:35,868 --> 00:27:39,702
But they took with them
more than 1,000 British soldiers
377
00:27:39,739 --> 00:27:41,707
and 100 of their officers.
378
00:27:41,741 --> 00:27:43,675
Hear, hear!
379
00:27:46,412 --> 00:27:48,972
If this Congress
does not support
380
00:27:49,015 --> 00:27:50,448
the Massachusetts militia,
381
00:27:50,483 --> 00:27:52,781
it could very well
dissolve, gentlemen!
382
00:27:52,819 --> 00:27:55,185
Should that happen...
383
00:27:55,221 --> 00:27:57,883
should that happen...
384
00:27:59,459 --> 00:28:01,825
we will be left
defenseless, gentlemen.
385
00:28:01,861 --> 00:28:03,328
Yes. Absolutely.
386
00:28:03,363 --> 00:28:06,025
I move that
the Congress adopt
387
00:28:06,065 --> 00:28:08,090
the Massachusetts militia
immediately!
388
00:28:08,134 --> 00:28:09,931
- Mr. Adams.
- No.
389
00:28:09,969 --> 00:28:11,630
- Hear, hear!
- Second!
390
00:28:11,671 --> 00:28:14,640
You are asking us
391
00:28:14,674 --> 00:28:17,575
to form an army,
Mr. Adams...
392
00:28:19,412 --> 00:28:21,710
a force acting not for
a single colony,
393
00:28:21,748 --> 00:28:23,648
but all 13!
394
00:28:25,385 --> 00:28:29,583
Now there's not
a man here present
395
00:28:29,622 --> 00:28:32,216
who does not mourn
the loss
396
00:28:32,258 --> 00:28:34,226
of the brave men
of Massachusetts.
397
00:28:34,260 --> 00:28:36,558
Hear, hear.
398
00:28:36,596 --> 00:28:38,894
But it is at such times
399
00:28:38,931 --> 00:28:42,799
that caution
must prevail.
400
00:28:42,835 --> 00:28:44,962
- Hear, hear.
- It may be weeks
401
00:28:45,004 --> 00:28:47,268
before our last petition
reaches the king,
402
00:28:47,306 --> 00:28:50,742
many weeks more before
we may hope for a reply.
403
00:28:50,777 --> 00:28:52,802
While we await answer,
404
00:28:52,845 --> 00:28:55,939
we must avoid any escalation
405
00:28:55,982 --> 00:28:57,813
of the hostilities
between us.
406
00:28:57,850 --> 00:29:00,614
Hear, hear!
407
00:29:00,653 --> 00:29:03,087
The situation is perilous!
408
00:29:05,358 --> 00:29:07,622
What is required now
409
00:29:07,660 --> 00:29:10,458
is one able man
410
00:29:10,496 --> 00:29:12,862
to build and to lead
411
00:29:12,899 --> 00:29:15,868
this new
continental army.
412
00:29:15,902 --> 00:29:19,804
And who do you propose
of the Massachusetts delegates
413
00:29:19,839 --> 00:29:22,706
should lead this force?
414
00:29:22,742 --> 00:29:25,609
Gentlemen,
we move too quickly.
415
00:29:25,645 --> 00:29:29,342
We have not yet resolved the question
of any continental army,
416
00:29:29,382 --> 00:29:31,509
much less who
is to lead it.
417
00:29:33,619 --> 00:29:36,747
I have but one
gentleman in mind,
418
00:29:36,789 --> 00:29:40,247
known to all of us.
419
00:29:40,293 --> 00:29:43,319
Mr. President, I propose
as commander in chief,
420
00:29:43,362 --> 00:29:46,195
our most honorable
and esteemed delegate...
421
00:29:48,301 --> 00:29:51,134
the good gentleman from Virginia,
Colonel George Washington.
422
00:29:59,846 --> 00:30:01,108
Second!
423
00:30:05,118 --> 00:30:07,643
I commend your
selection, sir.
424
00:30:07,687 --> 00:30:10,155
There is no more
able soldier
425
00:30:10,189 --> 00:30:11,656
in all America.
426
00:30:11,691 --> 00:30:15,627
Colonel Washington
would command approbation
427
00:30:15,661 --> 00:30:17,856
in all Americans,
428
00:30:17,897 --> 00:30:19,888
were he to accept
the position
429
00:30:19,932 --> 00:30:23,834
that it is now our
great honor to offer him.
430
00:30:34,413 --> 00:30:37,974
If the Congress
431
00:30:38,017 --> 00:30:40,451
sees fit to honor me
432
00:30:40,486 --> 00:30:42,681
with the command,
433
00:30:42,722 --> 00:30:46,317
it will be
my humble duty
434
00:30:46,359 --> 00:30:47,758
to serve.
435
00:30:47,793 --> 00:30:50,227
Hear, hear.
436
00:30:55,334 --> 00:30:59,771
By your modesty, you show
the wisdom of our choice.
437
00:30:59,805 --> 00:31:02,968
There are two motions
on the floor.
438
00:31:03,009 --> 00:31:06,103
Should Congress adopt
the Massachusetts militia
439
00:31:06,145 --> 00:31:09,740
and should Colonel Washington
be appointed as commander in chief
440
00:31:09,782 --> 00:31:11,272
of this continental army?
441
00:31:16,556 --> 00:31:19,116
I think we should
move towards a vote.
442
00:31:25,198 --> 00:31:26,665
Congratulations,
443
00:31:26,699 --> 00:31:28,860
General Washington.
444
00:31:33,439 --> 00:31:38,001
Well, I am truly sensible
of the high honor
445
00:31:38,044 --> 00:31:40,239
the Congress has done me.
446
00:31:40,279 --> 00:31:44,545
But I tell you now,
I do not think myself
447
00:31:44,584 --> 00:31:48,884
equal to the command
I am honored with.
448
00:31:48,921 --> 00:31:52,482
Well, your men,
449
00:31:52,525 --> 00:31:54,720
your Continental Army,
450
00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:56,751
awaits you
at Cambridge, sir.
451
00:31:56,796 --> 00:31:59,822
And I shall see you there
on my return.
452
00:32:08,007 --> 00:32:10,567
Will General Howe
attack again?
453
00:32:10,610 --> 00:32:13,477
Lmpossible to say.
454
00:32:13,512 --> 00:32:17,175
What is that but
an army of occupation?
455
00:32:17,216 --> 00:32:20,083
And the Congress goes
on its knees to the king.
456
00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:23,511
Has the king
deigned to reply?
457
00:32:28,327 --> 00:32:30,625
I understand people like
Mr. Dickinson
458
00:32:30,663 --> 00:32:32,392
and his friends
all too well, John.
459
00:32:32,431 --> 00:32:35,059
Send a woman to the Congress.
She might knock some sense into them.
460
00:32:35,101 --> 00:32:37,194
It is not a question
of men and women, Abigail.
461
00:32:37,236 --> 00:32:39,704
- It is a matter politics.
- Politics.
462
00:32:41,641 --> 00:32:43,632
- Politics?
- Mm.
463
00:32:45,177 --> 00:32:49,580
And do women not live
politics, John Adams?
464
00:32:49,615 --> 00:32:53,346
When I go to the cupboard
and I find no coffee,
465
00:32:53,386 --> 00:32:56,150
no sugar, no pins,
no meat,
466
00:32:56,188 --> 00:32:58,418
am I not living politics?
467
00:33:03,496 --> 00:33:07,557
This war touches people
that your Congress
468
00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:09,227
treats with
the same contempt
469
00:33:09,268 --> 00:33:12,533
King George reserves
for the people of Boston.
470
00:33:12,571 --> 00:33:15,768
I mean women, yes, and
slaves too, for that matter.
471
00:33:15,808 --> 00:33:19,710
Though I am sure you wish I would not
mention that subject,
472
00:33:19,745 --> 00:33:22,737
as it might upset
your Southern friends.
473
00:33:24,183 --> 00:33:27,152
- You're harsh, madam.
- I am cold.
474
00:33:30,923 --> 00:33:33,050
And frightened.
475
00:33:35,961 --> 00:33:39,226
I am afraid this war
will never end or begin.
476
00:33:47,773 --> 00:33:50,867
I am frightened too,
Abigail.
477
00:33:54,380 --> 00:33:57,008
And however much
I talk and talk,
478
00:33:57,049 --> 00:34:00,143
I will never
carry the Congress.
479
00:34:00,186 --> 00:34:03,781
Well then, it seems
that I must come down to Philadelphia
480
00:34:03,823 --> 00:34:06,883
and box the ears
of Mr. Dickinson and his cronies.
481
00:34:06,926 --> 00:34:08,723
Ah.
482
00:34:12,798 --> 00:34:16,290
I must pray for guidance
in all our endeavors,
483
00:34:17,703 --> 00:34:20,297
wherever they may lead us.
484
00:34:21,607 --> 00:34:24,474
And where will they
lead us, John?
485
00:34:25,478 --> 00:34:30,279
I sometimes think
we may be heading
486
00:34:30,316 --> 00:34:33,877
to a complete and irrevocable
independence.
487
00:35:05,151 --> 00:35:08,643
The enemy
are quite entrenched.
488
00:35:08,687 --> 00:35:11,986
To take Boston may mean
its utter destruction.
489
00:35:13,592 --> 00:35:17,892
I could call on
only 5,000 troops
490
00:35:17,930 --> 00:35:20,160
who are fit to fight.
491
00:35:21,834 --> 00:35:24,735
I thought you had at least
20,000 men under your command?
492
00:35:24,770 --> 00:35:27,796
A great many
have gone home
493
00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:29,967
since their
enlistments expired,
494
00:35:30,009 --> 00:35:32,978
New England men
a good lot of them.
495
00:35:33,012 --> 00:35:35,674
I cannot conceal
our condition
496
00:35:35,714 --> 00:35:38,444
from the British
indefinitely.
497
00:35:38,484 --> 00:35:40,918
We have been decimated
by the bloody pox.
498
00:35:40,953 --> 00:35:44,320
It is sheer providence they have
not discovered our predicament.
499
00:35:44,356 --> 00:35:46,688
Upon my return
to Philadelphia,
500
00:35:46,725 --> 00:35:50,252
I will make
this situation known
501
00:35:50,296 --> 00:35:54,494
and the Congress will find
whatever you require, sir.
502
00:35:54,533 --> 00:35:58,230
Nothing has yet come
from all their promises
503
00:35:58,270 --> 00:36:02,707
of powder, muskets,
supplies, Mr. Adams.
504
00:36:02,741 --> 00:36:05,005
I will persuade them, sir.
505
00:36:05,044 --> 00:36:07,410
And I will also argue
to the Congress
506
00:36:07,446 --> 00:36:10,438
that an alliance
with France and Spain is essential.
507
00:36:10,483 --> 00:36:12,144
But above all,
508
00:36:12,184 --> 00:36:16,143
I intend to present them
with a declaration of independency.
509
00:36:16,188 --> 00:36:19,680
You've already
spoken of this?
510
00:36:19,725 --> 00:36:22,250
Oh no no,
no one speaks of it.
511
00:36:22,294 --> 00:36:24,353
At least not publicly.
512
00:36:27,399 --> 00:36:30,459
But it is the only sure
guarantee of our liberty.
513
00:36:30,503 --> 00:36:33,939
Independence
514
00:36:33,973 --> 00:36:36,464
will mean war
515
00:36:36,509 --> 00:36:39,307
from one end
of the colonies to the other.
516
00:36:39,345 --> 00:36:41,870
I have no illusions
about that.
517
00:36:41,914 --> 00:36:45,213
But first,
let us free Boston.
518
00:36:45,251 --> 00:36:48,345
The rest will follow.
519
00:37:30,696 --> 00:37:34,359
So many have been
carried away by the bloody pox.
520
00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:37,563
We cannot risk infection
in this house.
521
00:37:40,506 --> 00:37:43,475
How you will manage this winter
with the blockade, I know not.
522
00:37:43,509 --> 00:37:46,569
We will manage.
523
00:37:46,612 --> 00:37:48,477
Somehow we will manage.
524
00:37:52,818 --> 00:37:54,649
Ahem.
525
00:37:56,989 --> 00:37:58,957
I should go before
the weather worsens.
526
00:37:58,991 --> 00:38:01,585
Aya.
527
00:38:05,030 --> 00:38:08,557
I would gladly take a walk
in our garden with you
528
00:38:08,601 --> 00:38:10,967
- when the spring comes.
- No more, John!
529
00:38:16,442 --> 00:38:18,433
No more.
530
00:38:38,430 --> 00:38:41,160
I hate the Congress!
531
00:39:00,753 --> 00:39:03,586
General Washington still
awaits our reply
532
00:39:03,622 --> 00:39:05,453
to the problem
of re-enlistments.
533
00:39:05,491 --> 00:39:07,015
The king's seal.
534
00:39:07,059 --> 00:39:09,357
Now he respectfully
suggests that a salary
535
00:39:09,395 --> 00:39:11,886
be granted our soldiers
commensurate with their sacrifice.
536
00:39:11,930 --> 00:39:14,364
But he has no money
on hand to pay them.
537
00:39:17,636 --> 00:39:20,366
Tents, soap, shoes
and blankets
538
00:39:20,406 --> 00:39:22,374
are also greatly wanting.
539
00:39:22,408 --> 00:39:26,401
The army recently took
shipment of 50 crates of rifles,
540
00:39:26,445 --> 00:39:29,539
all without the flints
required to shoot them.
541
00:39:33,752 --> 00:39:36,744
A proclamation
542
00:39:36,789 --> 00:39:38,586
by King George III.
543
00:39:40,926 --> 00:39:44,157
"Many of our subjects,
544
00:39:44,196 --> 00:39:48,724
misled by
a desperate conspiracy
545
00:39:48,767 --> 00:39:53,033
of dangerous
and ill-designing men,
546
00:39:53,072 --> 00:39:55,870
have forgotten
the allegiance
547
00:39:55,908 --> 00:39:58,877
which they owe to the power
that has protected
548
00:39:58,911 --> 00:40:03,348
and supported them,
and have declared rebellion
549
00:40:03,382 --> 00:40:06,613
and traitorously
levied war against us.
550
00:40:09,321 --> 00:40:11,152
It is the better part
of wisdom
551
00:40:11,190 --> 00:40:14,023
to put a speedy end
to such disorders.
552
00:40:14,059 --> 00:40:16,892
We have thought fit to issue
our royal proclamation
553
00:40:16,929 --> 00:40:21,298
that all our royal officers,
both civil and military,
554
00:40:21,333 --> 00:40:24,791
are obliged to
suppress such rebellion
555
00:40:24,837 --> 00:40:29,035
and bring the traitors
to justice.
556
00:40:31,343 --> 00:40:34,369
When the unhappy
and deluded multitude
557
00:40:34,413 --> 00:40:37,143
against whom this force
shall be directed
558
00:40:37,182 --> 00:40:39,013
shall become sensible
of their error,
559
00:40:39,051 --> 00:40:41,212
I shall be ready to
receive the misled
560
00:40:41,253 --> 00:40:43,221
with tenderness and mercy.
561
00:40:45,524 --> 00:40:48,925
For those who persist
in their treason...
562
00:40:51,997 --> 00:40:56,297
for those who
persist in their treason,
563
00:40:56,335 --> 00:40:59,736
the punishment shall be
death by hanging.
564
00:41:05,477 --> 00:41:08,969
Given in Parliament
this 26th day of October in the year
565
00:41:09,014 --> 00:41:11,983
1775."
566
00:41:15,921 --> 00:41:17,912
God save the king.
567
00:41:19,758 --> 00:41:22,124
God damn the king!
568
00:41:31,870 --> 00:41:34,236
God bless the king.
569
00:41:34,273 --> 00:41:37,731
Who else could have brought such
a spirit of unity to this Congress?
570
00:41:38,877 --> 00:41:41,710
We will now all
hang together.
571
00:41:41,747 --> 00:41:44,181
Or, most assuredly,
we will all hang separately.
572
00:41:44,216 --> 00:41:46,309
The question is
no longer whether
573
00:41:46,351 --> 00:41:49,013
there shall be independence,
but when.
574
00:41:49,054 --> 00:41:52,023
If we force
a decision too soon,
575
00:41:52,057 --> 00:41:54,685
we may reap disaster.
576
00:41:54,726 --> 00:41:57,923
Independence without
unanimity means nothing.
577
00:41:57,963 --> 00:42:00,158
I'm in complete
agreement, Doctor.
578
00:42:00,199 --> 00:42:04,568
I will leave immediately. The Virginia
Convention must free us to act.
579
00:42:04,603 --> 00:42:08,699
All 13 clocks must strike
at the same second.
580
00:42:50,182 --> 00:42:52,582
- Charles, Charles!
- Charles.
581
00:42:52,618 --> 00:42:54,108
Charles, come back!
582
00:42:54,152 --> 00:42:56,313
Children, step away
from the door.
583
00:42:59,558 --> 00:43:01,924
Charles!
584
00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:04,326
Charles.
Charles, go inside!
585
00:43:14,206 --> 00:43:16,174
Go inside!
586
00:43:16,208 --> 00:43:17,937
Go!
587
00:43:34,927 --> 00:43:37,191
Mr. Knox.
588
00:43:39,231 --> 00:43:42,200
Mr. Knox!
589
00:43:42,234 --> 00:43:44,065
Mr. Knox!
590
00:43:44,102 --> 00:43:45,899
Mrs. Adams?
591
00:43:45,938 --> 00:43:48,372
You sold books to my husband,
now look at you.
592
00:43:48,407 --> 00:43:50,432
What are you doing?
593
00:43:50,475 --> 00:43:53,603
British guns captured
at Fort Ticonderoga.
594
00:43:53,645 --> 00:43:56,705
General Washington
may have some use for them.
595
00:43:56,748 --> 00:43:58,773
How on earth
did you manage?
596
00:43:58,817 --> 00:44:00,910
Rowed them across
Lake George
597
00:44:00,953 --> 00:44:03,478
and hauled them
over the Berkshires.
598
00:44:03,522 --> 00:44:06,514
We call that one
Liberty.
599
00:44:08,026 --> 00:44:09,823
And that big one there
600
00:44:09,861 --> 00:44:12,591
stuck in the mire,
we call it
601
00:44:12,631 --> 00:44:14,428
Independence!
602
00:45:12,157 --> 00:45:15,752
When Howe saw the guns from
Ticonderoga ringing the city
603
00:45:15,794 --> 00:45:18,319
he shouted, "Good God, these
fellows have done more work
604
00:45:18,363 --> 00:45:21,355
in one day than I made my army
do in three months."
605
00:45:21,400 --> 00:45:24,301
General Washington's surprise
sent them scurrying like rats.
606
00:45:28,407 --> 00:45:31,103
Mr. Lee,
now is the time.
607
00:45:31,143 --> 00:45:33,077
And with your good news
608
00:45:33,111 --> 00:45:35,204
I can depend upon Virginia
to lead the way.
609
00:45:35,247 --> 00:45:38,080
The honor is mine,
sir.
610
00:45:53,265 --> 00:45:56,894
We are about to take
a leap in the dark,
611
00:45:56,935 --> 00:45:59,096
Mr. Jefferson.
612
00:46:00,338 --> 00:46:02,738
I would gladly lend my hand
613
00:46:02,774 --> 00:46:05,368
to sink the whole
island of Great Britain in the ocean.
614
00:46:12,517 --> 00:46:15,680
Well now, I have not heard
you say three words together
615
00:46:15,720 --> 00:46:18,086
in the last Congress.
616
00:46:20,759 --> 00:46:22,226
With such passion,
617
00:46:22,260 --> 00:46:24,660
I regret that you've
not made your mind more plainly known.
618
00:46:27,132 --> 00:46:29,999
I have no gift
for oratory.
619
00:46:38,810 --> 00:46:42,473
President recognizes
Mr. Lee of Virginia.
620
00:46:45,350 --> 00:46:47,910
- Order, gentlemen!
- Resolved...
621
00:46:47,953 --> 00:46:51,855
that these united colonies
are and of a right
622
00:46:51,890 --> 00:46:55,189
ought to be free
and independent states;
623
00:46:57,562 --> 00:46:59,996
That they...
624
00:47:00,031 --> 00:47:04,058
they are absolved of all
allegiance to the British crown;
625
00:47:05,470 --> 00:47:07,700
And that all political
connection
626
00:47:07,739 --> 00:47:09,900
between them and the country
of Great Britain
627
00:47:09,941 --> 00:47:12,136
is and ought to be
totally dissolved.
628
00:47:12,177 --> 00:47:15,510
- No!
- Second!
629
00:47:15,547 --> 00:47:17,139
Second from Mr. Adams.
630
00:47:17,182 --> 00:47:19,150
Am I to understand
that Virginia
631
00:47:19,184 --> 00:47:23,211
has freed their delegates
to propose this measure?
632
00:47:23,255 --> 00:47:26,952
They have, sir. The liberation of Boston
has quite convinced them.
633
00:47:26,992 --> 00:47:30,928
The British may have
abandoned Boston, Mr. Lee,
634
00:47:30,962 --> 00:47:33,954
but that is not an end
to the business!
635
00:47:33,999 --> 00:47:37,230
General Howe is said to be
awaiting reinforcements!
636
00:47:37,269 --> 00:47:41,933
Thousands of godless
Hessian mercenaries among them.
637
00:47:41,973 --> 00:47:44,498
First they will
attack New York,
638
00:47:44,543 --> 00:47:46,238
then this very city!
639
00:47:48,413 --> 00:47:50,108
Two warships
have been sighted
640
00:47:50,148 --> 00:47:52,173
sailing up the Delaware,
gentlemen.
641
00:47:52,217 --> 00:47:54,310
What possible object
can they have
642
00:47:54,352 --> 00:47:56,183
if not to take
this Congress
643
00:47:56,221 --> 00:48:00,021
and every man in it
by force?
644
00:48:00,058 --> 00:48:01,423
Hear, hear!
645
00:48:01,459 --> 00:48:05,088
Our river defenses...
our river defenses will hold them, sir!
646
00:48:05,130 --> 00:48:06,654
How shall we fight them?
647
00:48:06,698 --> 00:48:09,758
With what navy shall we
turn them back?
648
00:48:09,801 --> 00:48:13,100
England is poised
to strike a fatal blow!
649
00:48:13,138 --> 00:48:15,936
I must ask again,
650
00:48:15,974 --> 00:48:17,942
why such haste?
651
00:48:17,976 --> 00:48:21,571
Why should we pull down the old house
before we are prepared to...
652
00:48:21,613 --> 00:48:23,478
- Because...!
- Enough!
653
00:48:25,517 --> 00:48:27,747
Because, Mr. Duane,
654
00:48:27,786 --> 00:48:31,085
the middle way that some in this chamber
have been seeking
655
00:48:31,122 --> 00:48:32,885
is no way at all.
656
00:48:32,924 --> 00:48:34,551
Hear, hear!
657
00:48:34,593 --> 00:48:37,027
Gentlemen, please
hear me out, gentlemen!
658
00:48:37,062 --> 00:48:40,964
If we finally fail
in this great and glorious contest,
659
00:48:40,999 --> 00:48:43,467
it will be by
bewildering ourselves
660
00:48:43,501 --> 00:48:46,527
in groping for
the middle way!
661
00:48:47,973 --> 00:48:50,942
Gentlemen, Dr. Franklin
knows England
662
00:48:50,976 --> 00:48:53,376
better than any man here.
663
00:48:53,411 --> 00:48:55,709
Can we not yet hope
664
00:48:55,747 --> 00:48:57,874
to see a clearer sky?
665
00:48:57,916 --> 00:49:00,885
Well, if my long
residence in London
666
00:49:00,919 --> 00:49:03,717
as this colony's agent
to the court
667
00:49:03,755 --> 00:49:05,814
has taught me anything,
Mr. Dickinson,
668
00:49:05,857 --> 00:49:07,415
it has taught me this:
669
00:49:07,459 --> 00:49:10,326
That given the choice between
doing what is right
670
00:49:10,362 --> 00:49:12,353
and doing what
is not right,
671
00:49:12,397 --> 00:49:15,889
His Majesty's government
will take the later course every time.
672
00:49:15,934 --> 00:49:17,925
Well said, well said.
673
00:49:17,969 --> 00:49:20,062
Dr. Franklin has the floor.
674
00:49:20,105 --> 00:49:24,098
The king refuses
our petitions.
675
00:49:24,142 --> 00:49:26,906
He has branded us
rebels.
676
00:49:26,945 --> 00:49:30,381
The question is not
whether by a...
677
00:49:30,415 --> 00:49:32,713
by a declaration
of independence
678
00:49:32,751 --> 00:49:35,811
that we should make
ourselves something we are not,
679
00:49:35,854 --> 00:49:40,018
but whether we should
declare as fact
680
00:49:40,058 --> 00:49:42,822
something which
already exists.
681
00:49:42,861 --> 00:49:45,523
- Hear, hear.
- No!
682
00:49:45,563 --> 00:49:47,497
Only the voice...
683
00:49:47,532 --> 00:49:50,729
only the voice of the people
can proclaim independence.
684
00:49:50,769 --> 00:49:53,966
No no, Mr. Dickinson!
685
00:49:54,005 --> 00:49:57,372
The people wait for us
to lead the way.
686
00:49:57,409 --> 00:49:59,172
Hear, hear!
687
00:49:59,210 --> 00:50:01,838
And we must lose no time
in leading them, sir.
688
00:50:01,880 --> 00:50:05,008
- No time at all.
- And just whom do you think
689
00:50:05,050 --> 00:50:07,018
will join us
in this folly?
690
00:50:07,052 --> 00:50:08,849
- France, for one!
- France!?
691
00:50:08,887 --> 00:50:13,221
- Gentlemen!
- England is our common enemy, sir.
692
00:50:13,258 --> 00:50:16,386
Mr. Adams would make us
French subjects!
693
00:50:19,597 --> 00:50:21,462
Partners, Mr. Duane,
694
00:50:21,499 --> 00:50:23,524
not subjects.
695
00:50:23,568 --> 00:50:25,900
General Washington's army
696
00:50:25,937 --> 00:50:28,132
needs arms and men!
697
00:50:28,173 --> 00:50:30,073
Hear, hear!
698
00:50:30,108 --> 00:50:33,566
King Louis cannot be
expected to acknowledge us
699
00:50:33,611 --> 00:50:36,239
until we have
acknowledged ourselves
700
00:50:36,281 --> 00:50:39,409
and taken our rightful place
as a sovereign power.
701
00:50:41,386 --> 00:50:43,854
Mr. Adams...
702
00:50:43,888 --> 00:50:46,516
- Mr. Franklin has the floor.
- Mr. Adams is right.
703
00:50:46,558 --> 00:50:49,857
Let us send an envoy
to King Louis
704
00:50:49,894 --> 00:50:53,022
while our affairs wear
a hopeful aspect.
705
00:50:53,064 --> 00:50:55,362
What if
no alliance comes?
706
00:50:55,400 --> 00:50:56,697
Yes, yes.
707
00:50:56,735 --> 00:50:59,533
What then, sir?
708
00:50:59,571 --> 00:51:01,038
Then so be it.
709
00:51:01,072 --> 00:51:02,733
"So be it"?
710
00:51:04,809 --> 00:51:07,369
We will not vote
711
00:51:07,412 --> 00:51:09,437
for independence,
Mr. Adams.
712
00:51:09,481 --> 00:51:13,076
Not now,
not ever!
713
00:51:26,097 --> 00:51:29,897
Mr. Duane well knows
that reconciliation
714
00:51:29,934 --> 00:51:33,233
would be as agreeable
to my inclinations,
715
00:51:33,271 --> 00:51:35,967
and as advantageous
to my interests
716
00:51:36,007 --> 00:51:38,976
as to any man's!
717
00:51:39,010 --> 00:51:41,570
But, I see
no prospect for it,
718
00:51:41,613 --> 00:51:44,776
no probability,
no possibility!
719
00:51:46,084 --> 00:51:49,781
And I cannot abide
the hypocritical heart
720
00:51:49,821 --> 00:51:52,051
that pretends
to expect peace
721
00:51:52,090 --> 00:51:54,354
when in truth
it does not.
722
00:51:54,392 --> 00:51:57,589
This Congress has
no more right to pass such a resolution
723
00:51:57,629 --> 00:52:00,097
than Parliament has!
724
00:52:00,131 --> 00:52:02,224
We must beware
of overreaching!
725
00:52:02,267 --> 00:52:03,825
Aye!
726
00:52:03,868 --> 00:52:06,598
When Demosthenes...
727
00:52:08,006 --> 00:52:11,999
when Demosthenes traveled
as ambassador through Greece
728
00:52:12,043 --> 00:52:14,273
to excite a confederacy
against the tyrant Philip of Macedon...
729
00:52:14,312 --> 00:52:17,577
Mr. Adams, you're taking us
on a journey through time!
730
00:52:17,615 --> 00:52:19,913
If you plan on taking us
to Creation itself,
731
00:52:19,951 --> 00:52:21,816
I should like send word
to my landlady,
732
00:52:21,853 --> 00:52:24,083
she should not waste
any eggs for my breakfast.
733
00:52:24,122 --> 00:52:27,023
He did not go,
Mr. President,
734
00:52:27,058 --> 00:52:29,219
to propose
a non-importation
735
00:52:29,260 --> 00:52:31,251
or non-consumption
agreement.
736
00:52:31,296 --> 00:52:32,991
I beg your pardon,
sir.
737
00:52:33,031 --> 00:52:36,626
Pray forgive me for not recognizing
the worthy Demosthenes.
738
00:52:36,668 --> 00:52:39,694
I mistook you for
a Massachusetts man.
739
00:52:42,640 --> 00:52:45,609
Do you know
the conduct of some states
740
00:52:45,643 --> 00:52:47,611
from the beginning
of this affair
741
00:52:47,645 --> 00:52:49,670
has given me reason
to suspect
742
00:52:49,714 --> 00:52:51,682
that it is their
settled policy
743
00:52:51,716 --> 00:52:54,184
to keep to the rear
of our confederacy...
744
00:52:54,219 --> 00:52:56,016
come what may,
745
00:52:56,054 --> 00:52:58,921
so as not to harm
their future prospects?
746
00:52:58,957 --> 00:53:01,619
- Mr. Adams...
- No, there are persons in Philadelphia
747
00:53:01,659 --> 00:53:04,457
to whom a ship is
dearer than a city,
748
00:53:04,496 --> 00:53:08,057
and a few barrels of flour
dearer than 1000 lives.
749
00:53:08,099 --> 00:53:10,067
Other men's lives.
750
00:53:10,101 --> 00:53:12,228
That is an outrageous slander!
751
00:53:12,270 --> 00:53:15,433
Gentlemen, we cannot
debate this endlessly. I call for a vote
752
00:53:15,473 --> 00:53:17,737
on Mr. Lee's resolution
for independence.
753
00:53:17,775 --> 00:53:19,606
New Hampshire?
754
00:53:19,644 --> 00:53:21,441
- New Hampshire votes yes.
- Connecticut?
755
00:53:21,479 --> 00:53:23,538
- Connecticut votes yes.
- New Jersey?
756
00:53:23,581 --> 00:53:24,912
New Jersey votes no.
757
00:53:24,949 --> 00:53:28,385
- Georgia?
- Georgia votes yes.
758
00:53:28,419 --> 00:53:31,388
- Virginia?
- Uh, Virginia votes yes.
759
00:53:31,422 --> 00:53:33,890
- New York?
- New York votes no!
760
00:53:33,925 --> 00:53:36,416
- North Carolina?
- North Carolina
761
00:53:36,461 --> 00:53:38,986
- votes yes.
- One moment, please.
762
00:53:46,271 --> 00:53:48,739
South Carolina, on behalf
of its sister colonies...
763
00:53:48,773 --> 00:53:50,240
States!
764
00:53:52,210 --> 00:53:55,668
- Requests a postponement
765
00:53:55,713 --> 00:53:58,045
to seek new instructions.
766
00:53:58,082 --> 00:53:59,982
20 days should
be sufficient.
767
00:54:04,122 --> 00:54:06,352
This is good.
This is good.
768
00:54:08,026 --> 00:54:09,857
Any objections?
769
00:54:09,894 --> 00:54:11,759
Uh no, none, sir.
No.
770
00:54:11,796 --> 00:54:15,892
Congress shall reconvene
on July 1st
771
00:54:15,934 --> 00:54:18,232
to consider Mr. Lee's
resolution.
772
00:54:18,269 --> 00:54:21,705
Uh, Mr. President, perhaps
a committee should be formed
773
00:54:21,739 --> 00:54:24,071
to present a statement
to the people
774
00:54:24,108 --> 00:54:27,839
should the vote tend
toward independence.
775
00:54:29,314 --> 00:54:31,407
Mr. Dickinson?
776
00:54:37,155 --> 00:54:38,952
Form your committee,
Mr. Adams.
777
00:54:49,801 --> 00:54:51,564
Present!
778
00:55:01,813 --> 00:55:04,907
The thought of what
awaits us in New York
779
00:55:04,949 --> 00:55:07,144
robs me of my sleep.
780
00:55:07,185 --> 00:55:10,279
Are you so certain
of defeat?
781
00:55:10,321 --> 00:55:13,347
To give battle to
the British Army,
782
00:55:13,391 --> 00:55:17,919
their ranks swollen with
the 17,000 Hessians,
783
00:55:17,962 --> 00:55:21,295
I know not how our men
will stand the test.
784
00:55:21,332 --> 00:55:25,234
General Howe elected to
depart Boston in peace
785
00:55:25,269 --> 00:55:26,964
rather than lay waste
to the city.
786
00:55:27,005 --> 00:55:30,338
New York may not
be so fortunate.
787
00:55:31,342 --> 00:55:35,540
That such evil should
befall a people...
788
00:55:36,714 --> 00:55:40,445
could it be punishment
for the sin of slavery?
789
00:55:46,257 --> 00:55:48,418
I cannot say.
790
00:55:53,364 --> 00:55:56,231
We grow gloomy,
Mrs. Adams.
791
00:55:56,267 --> 00:55:57,962
Forgive me.
792
00:55:59,103 --> 00:56:01,401
I had hoped this visit
would be a respite
793
00:56:01,439 --> 00:56:04,272
from what weighs
upon me.
794
00:56:10,748 --> 00:56:13,012
Is there some service
I may do for you?
795
00:56:13,051 --> 00:56:14,746
For your family?
796
00:56:14,786 --> 00:56:17,755
There is one thing
that I would ask.
797
00:56:21,025 --> 00:56:23,084
My correspondence
with my husband
798
00:56:23,127 --> 00:56:25,459
is more important
than I can say.
799
00:56:27,165 --> 00:56:30,464
It has become so difficult
to get letters through,
800
00:56:30,501 --> 00:56:33,470
and fear of
interception
801
00:56:33,504 --> 00:56:36,598
has limited
802
00:56:36,641 --> 00:56:39,075
what we may say
to each other.
803
00:56:39,110 --> 00:56:41,510
If I could impose
804
00:56:41,546 --> 00:56:45,573
upon you to
carry my letters...
805
00:56:51,856 --> 00:56:55,758
My own courier will take them
safely to Philadelphia
806
00:56:55,793 --> 00:56:57,886
along with my dispatches.
807
00:56:59,797 --> 00:57:01,025
Thank you.
808
00:57:01,065 --> 00:57:05,661
Your advice
is greatly valued
809
00:57:05,703 --> 00:57:07,637
by Mr. Adams.
810
00:57:07,672 --> 00:57:10,163
The more quickly
he receives it,
811
00:57:10,208 --> 00:57:13,405
the more quickly we may
all be beneficiaries
812
00:57:13,444 --> 00:57:15,002
of your counsel.
813
00:57:20,084 --> 00:57:22,712
I fear I cannot
oblige you, sir,
814
00:57:22,754 --> 00:57:23,948
because...
815
00:57:25,356 --> 00:57:29,656
if we are to achieve
our longed-for separation from England,
816
00:57:29,694 --> 00:57:33,323
we must be ready in the state
legislatures with new codes
817
00:57:33,364 --> 00:57:35,559
of law and governance.
And to that end
818
00:57:35,600 --> 00:57:37,727
all my time away from
the assembly
819
00:57:37,769 --> 00:57:41,398
is taken up with urgent correspondence
on a new constitution for Virginia.
820
00:57:41,439 --> 00:57:43,168
Mm, we are of
the same mind there.
821
00:57:43,207 --> 00:57:45,641
Massachusetts, too,
must have its constitution.
822
00:57:45,676 --> 00:57:48,804
But I would have one
founded on principles
823
00:57:48,846 --> 00:57:52,009
which could one day inform
the confederacy of all the states.
824
00:57:52,049 --> 00:57:55,610
But we must first achieve this
long-hoped-for separation,
825
00:57:55,653 --> 00:57:58,986
and to that end we must have
a declaration of principles.
826
00:57:59,023 --> 00:58:01,856
Should you not write
this thing yourself?
827
00:58:01,893 --> 00:58:03,690
Oh, no no no.
828
00:58:03,728 --> 00:58:05,855
I do not have time.
829
00:58:05,897 --> 00:58:07,865
No, I head the Board
of War and Ordinance
830
00:58:07,899 --> 00:58:10,299
as well as serving on
22 other committees.
831
00:58:10,334 --> 00:58:13,235
And the outcome of
this great question is far from certain,
832
00:58:13,271 --> 00:58:16,798
so my energies must be spent leading
the debate on the floor.
833
00:58:16,841 --> 00:58:20,208
- And why me?
- Reasons enough, sir.
834
00:58:20,244 --> 00:58:22,974
What can possibly
be your reason?
835
00:58:27,151 --> 00:58:29,642
First, you are
a Virginian,
836
00:58:29,687 --> 00:58:32,212
and a Virginian should be
at the head of this business
837
00:58:32,256 --> 00:58:34,315
as it's the most
powerful state.
838
00:58:34,358 --> 00:58:38,021
And second,
I am obnoxious,
839
00:58:38,062 --> 00:58:39,893
suspected and unpopular.
840
00:58:39,931 --> 00:58:43,731
And you are
very much otherwise.
841
00:58:43,768 --> 00:58:45,565
Third,
842
00:58:45,603 --> 00:58:48,538
and perhaps
most important,
843
00:58:48,573 --> 00:58:52,373
I have read your summary view
of the rights of British America
844
00:58:52,410 --> 00:58:56,005
and I have a great opinion of
the elegance of your pen,
845
00:58:56,047 --> 00:59:00,040
and none at all
of my own.
846
00:59:02,053 --> 00:59:03,680
You're too modest, sir.
847
00:59:05,323 --> 00:59:08,087
Well, you're the first
to find me so, sir.
848
00:59:09,427 --> 00:59:12,225
No, I am not by nature
a humble man,
849
00:59:12,263 --> 00:59:15,528
but circumstances sometimes
require a change of habits.
850
00:59:19,070 --> 00:59:22,403
- I see that you're quite decided.
- That I am, Mr. Jefferson.
851
00:59:22,440 --> 00:59:24,135
Quite.
852
00:59:44,595 --> 00:59:47,826
Have you consulted
with your husband?
853
00:59:50,201 --> 00:59:54,433
Mr. Adams is not here
854
00:59:54,472 --> 00:59:57,066
and the pox
is rampant.
855
00:59:59,744 --> 01:00:02,110
Inoculation is not
without risk.
856
01:00:03,614 --> 01:00:06,742
The distemper manifests itself
differently in each person.
857
01:00:06,784 --> 01:00:11,278
You and your children may
experience some fever
858
01:00:11,322 --> 01:00:14,587
and inflammation...
perhaps a form of the disease itself.
859
01:00:17,194 --> 01:00:19,560
I am aware
of the risks.
860
01:00:21,465 --> 01:00:24,628
Some cases have even
resulted in death.
861
01:00:45,556 --> 01:00:48,582
Well, this is something
altogether unexpected.
862
01:00:50,461 --> 01:00:54,659
Not only a declaration
of our independence, but...
863
01:00:56,267 --> 01:00:58,758
of the rights
of all men.
864
01:01:03,708 --> 01:01:05,938
No this is... this is...
this is well said, sir.
865
01:01:05,977 --> 01:01:09,037
Very very well said.
866
01:01:09,080 --> 01:01:11,947
"The Christian king
of Great Britain
867
01:01:11,983 --> 01:01:15,942
has waged cruel war
against human nature itself
868
01:01:15,987 --> 01:01:19,821
in the persons of a distant
people who never offended him,
869
01:01:19,857 --> 01:01:24,294
captivating and carrying them into
slavery in another hemisphere."
870
01:01:24,328 --> 01:01:27,820
Yes, you...
you lay the evils of slavery
871
01:01:27,865 --> 01:01:30,356
at the...
the feet of the king,
872
01:01:30,401 --> 01:01:32,892
but you say nothing of
slavery itself, sir.
873
01:01:32,937 --> 01:01:37,897
Now surely, if the trade is outlawed
but ownership is not,
874
01:01:37,942 --> 01:01:41,002
then those unfortunate negroes
still in servitude
875
01:01:41,045 --> 01:01:45,209
will become a more
lucrative commodity.
876
01:01:47,651 --> 01:01:51,883
Well, that's not what
I intended, Dr. Franklin.
877
01:01:51,922 --> 01:01:55,722
Slavery is an abomination
and must be loudly proclaimed as such,
878
01:01:55,760 --> 01:01:58,320
but I own that neither I
nor any man
879
01:01:58,362 --> 01:02:01,957
has any immediate solution
to the problem.
880
01:02:01,999 --> 01:02:04,331
Oh, it... well,
'tis no matter.
881
01:02:04,368 --> 01:02:07,997
The... the issue before us is
independence and not emancipation.
882
01:02:08,039 --> 01:02:10,633
- Dr. Franklin, this document is...
- Is something...
883
01:02:10,674 --> 01:02:13,973
something our friends
in the Congress will debate.
884
01:02:14,011 --> 01:02:16,036
But I will be very surprised
885
01:02:16,080 --> 01:02:18,412
if they will countenance
an attack on slavery.
886
01:02:20,885 --> 01:02:23,854
No. Ahem.
887
01:02:23,888 --> 01:02:27,324
"We hold these truths
888
01:02:27,358 --> 01:02:29,690
to be sacred
and undeniable,
889
01:02:29,727 --> 01:02:32,890
that all men are
created equal..."
890
01:02:32,930 --> 01:02:34,591
et cetera.
891
01:02:34,632 --> 01:02:37,567
Ahem.
892
01:02:37,601 --> 01:02:40,092
"Sacred and undeniable."
893
01:02:42,673 --> 01:02:45,039
Smacks of the pulpit.
894
01:02:46,077 --> 01:02:48,477
Does it?
895
01:02:48,512 --> 01:02:50,070
Mm.
896
01:02:52,383 --> 01:02:56,513
These truths are
self-evident, are they not?
897
01:03:00,458 --> 01:03:02,221
Perhaps.
898
01:03:04,361 --> 01:03:07,455
Self-evident then.
899
01:03:10,000 --> 01:03:12,525
- Self-evident?
- Self-evident.
900
01:03:12,570 --> 01:03:14,060
Self-evident.
901
01:03:17,808 --> 01:03:19,799
Do not mistake me, sir.
902
01:03:19,844 --> 01:03:23,302
L... I share your sentiment.
903
01:03:25,149 --> 01:03:28,050
Every single word was
precisely chosen.
904
01:03:29,487 --> 01:03:31,387
I assure you of that,
Dr. Franklin.
905
01:03:31,422 --> 01:03:35,916
Yes, but yours will not be
the only hand in this document.
906
01:03:35,960 --> 01:03:38,326
It cannot be.
907
01:03:38,362 --> 01:03:40,660
They will try to mangle it,
908
01:03:40,698 --> 01:03:42,666
and they may succeed.
909
01:03:42,700 --> 01:03:45,669
There may be expressions which
I would not have inserted
910
01:03:45,703 --> 01:03:47,068
if I had drawn it up,
911
01:03:47,104 --> 01:03:50,198
but I will defend
every word of it.
912
01:03:53,077 --> 01:03:55,102
Well, it's what I believe.
913
01:03:57,615 --> 01:03:59,480
This is a...
914
01:03:59,517 --> 01:04:02,509
a marvelous invention,
Mr. Jefferson.
915
01:04:02,553 --> 01:04:04,953
Yes, I went through
a number of variations.
916
01:04:04,989 --> 01:04:07,583
This is by far
the most successful.
917
01:04:07,625 --> 01:04:10,059
The simplest is always
the best.
918
01:04:10,094 --> 01:04:14,724
It's two seats and the top
one swivels on rollers
919
01:04:14,765 --> 01:04:17,700
made from
the window sash pulleys.
920
01:04:17,735 --> 01:04:21,364
Oh, most ingenious.
921
01:04:29,346 --> 01:04:31,610
Stay inside.
922
01:04:45,496 --> 01:04:48,590
One more time, lad.
923
01:05:15,226 --> 01:05:16,955
Just a small cut.
924
01:05:44,255 --> 01:05:46,246
Done.
925
01:05:48,692 --> 01:05:50,751
Who's first?
926
01:06:01,805 --> 01:06:04,296
Ah, so it's you?
927
01:06:04,341 --> 01:06:05,808
What is your name?
928
01:06:07,011 --> 01:06:09,479
- Charl... Charles.
- Charles.
929
01:06:09,513 --> 01:06:11,504
Roll up your sleeve.
That's it.
930
01:06:11,548 --> 01:06:15,040
Here we go.
Just a small cut.
931
01:06:25,663 --> 01:06:27,324
Almost done.
932
01:06:29,233 --> 01:06:31,201
There you are, lad.
933
01:06:51,021 --> 01:06:52,818
It'll hurt a little bit.
934
01:06:52,856 --> 01:06:54,824
I want Papa.
935
01:06:54,858 --> 01:06:57,258
Papa's not here.
936
01:06:58,662 --> 01:07:01,130
We must depend
upon ourselves.
937
01:07:01,165 --> 01:07:05,124
Hmm? One more,
one more, one more.
938
01:07:05,169 --> 01:07:07,160
One more.
939
01:07:07,204 --> 01:07:09,570
Almost done.
940
01:07:19,283 --> 01:07:21,513
There lies our battle.
941
01:07:23,420 --> 01:07:25,012
The others may yet
come around,
942
01:07:25,055 --> 01:07:28,491
but Pennsylvania and New York
are too self-interested, too Tory.
943
01:07:28,525 --> 01:07:30,755
Mr. Dickinson is
too unbending.
944
01:07:30,794 --> 01:07:32,455
And too effective.
945
01:07:32,496 --> 01:07:34,964
Most effective, Mr. Adams,
most effective.
946
01:07:34,998 --> 01:07:37,193
And Rutledge.
947
01:07:40,604 --> 01:07:43,767
Well, good luck
to you, sir.
948
01:07:50,781 --> 01:07:53,079
Congress will take
into consideration
949
01:07:53,117 --> 01:07:55,677
the resolution concerning
independence.
950
01:08:03,394 --> 01:08:04,861
Mr. Dickinson?
951
01:08:07,865 --> 01:08:09,856
Gentlemen.
952
01:08:12,269 --> 01:08:14,737
The consequences
involved in the motion
953
01:08:14,772 --> 01:08:17,240
now lying before us
954
01:08:17,274 --> 01:08:20,505
are of such magnitude
955
01:08:20,544 --> 01:08:23,980
that I tremble at
the oppressive honor
956
01:08:24,014 --> 01:08:27,211
of sharing in
its determination.
957
01:08:28,485 --> 01:08:31,886
My conduct this day,
958
01:08:31,922 --> 01:08:33,446
I expect,
959
01:08:33,490 --> 01:08:36,755
will give
the finishing blow
960
01:08:36,794 --> 01:08:39,194
to my once great
961
01:08:39,229 --> 01:08:44,166
and now much-diminished
popularity.
962
01:08:46,170 --> 01:08:49,765
Yet I had rather
forfeit popularity
963
01:08:49,807 --> 01:08:52,139
forever
964
01:08:52,176 --> 01:08:55,339
than vote away
the blood
965
01:08:55,379 --> 01:08:58,712
and happiness
of my countrymen.
966
01:09:00,184 --> 01:09:02,675
Independence
967
01:09:02,719 --> 01:09:06,086
will not strengthen us
by one man!
968
01:09:06,123 --> 01:09:09,718
Nor by the least supply.
969
01:09:09,760 --> 01:09:12,786
But it may expose
our soldiers
970
01:09:12,830 --> 01:09:17,130
to additional cruelties
and outrages.
971
01:09:17,167 --> 01:09:20,659
The full fury
of British wrath
972
01:09:20,704 --> 01:09:23,298
will be unleashed.
973
01:09:24,741 --> 01:09:27,642
Indians will be loosed
on the frontier.
974
01:09:29,079 --> 01:09:33,038
Negroes will rise up
to slaughter us.
975
01:09:33,083 --> 01:09:37,076
New York may well
be destroyed.
976
01:09:38,655 --> 01:09:42,113
By their own admission,
977
01:09:42,159 --> 01:09:45,959
the advocates of separation
say foreign assistance
978
01:09:45,996 --> 01:09:48,556
will be necessary.
979
01:09:48,599 --> 01:09:50,499
At what cost?
980
01:09:52,536 --> 01:09:56,700
Let us imagine
a war without victors.
981
01:09:58,208 --> 01:10:01,837
When the guns fall silent,
982
01:10:01,879 --> 01:10:05,371
many will have bled
and sacrificed,
983
01:10:05,415 --> 01:10:09,408
only to have exchanged the light yolk
of Great Britain
984
01:10:09,453 --> 01:10:12,388
for the heavy dominion
of an alien power.
985
01:10:12,422 --> 01:10:14,856
Hear, hear.
986
01:10:16,760 --> 01:10:19,524
Some have argued
987
01:10:19,563 --> 01:10:21,360
that America
988
01:10:21,398 --> 01:10:24,026
will become
one great commonwealth.
989
01:10:24,067 --> 01:10:28,094
But what is to keep
13 unwieldy colonies
990
01:10:28,138 --> 01:10:30,732
from splitting asunder?
991
01:10:30,774 --> 01:10:34,835
I have a strong impression
in my mind
992
01:10:34,878 --> 01:10:37,039
that this will
take place.
993
01:10:38,749 --> 01:10:40,649
No, gentlemen.
994
01:10:42,753 --> 01:10:44,914
To escape the protection
of Great Britain
995
01:10:44,955 --> 01:10:48,652
by declaring independence,
unprepared as we are...
996
01:10:51,194 --> 01:10:55,824
would be to brave a storm
997
01:10:55,866 --> 01:10:58,630
in a skiff
made of paper.
998
01:11:21,258 --> 01:11:24,159
President recognizes Mr. Adams
of Massachusetts.
999
01:11:34,471 --> 01:11:38,931
Objects of the most
stupendous magnitude...
1000
01:11:40,911 --> 01:11:44,813
measures which will affect
the lives of millions,
1001
01:11:44,848 --> 01:11:46,975
born and unborn...
1002
01:11:48,585 --> 01:11:50,348
are now before us.
1003
01:11:54,791 --> 01:11:58,158
We must expect
a great expense of blood
1004
01:11:58,195 --> 01:12:00,288
to obtain them.
1005
01:12:02,733 --> 01:12:05,167
But we must
always remember
1006
01:12:05,202 --> 01:12:09,161
that a free constitution
of civil government
1007
01:12:09,206 --> 01:12:11,834
cannot be purchased
at too dear a rate,
1008
01:12:11,875 --> 01:12:15,709
as there is nothing on
this side of Jerusalem
1009
01:12:15,746 --> 01:12:18,772
of greater importance
to mankind.
1010
01:12:24,154 --> 01:12:28,250
My worthy colleague
from Pennsylvania
1011
01:12:28,291 --> 01:12:32,159
has spoken with great
ingenuity and eloquence.
1012
01:12:33,930 --> 01:12:36,831
He has given you
a grim prognostication
1013
01:12:36,867 --> 01:12:39,097
of our national future.
1014
01:12:39,136 --> 01:12:43,300
But where he foresees
apocalypse,
1015
01:12:43,340 --> 01:12:44,898
I see hope.
1016
01:12:48,045 --> 01:12:50,878
I see a new nation
1017
01:12:50,914 --> 01:12:53,542
ready to take its place
in the world.
1018
01:12:53,583 --> 01:12:56,882
Not an empire,
but a republic.
1019
01:12:56,920 --> 01:13:00,879
And a republic of laws,
not men.
1020
01:13:04,528 --> 01:13:07,759
Gentlemen,
1021
01:13:07,798 --> 01:13:11,564
we are in the very midst
of revolution!
1022
01:13:11,601 --> 01:13:16,061
The most complete,
unexpected and remarkable
1023
01:13:16,106 --> 01:13:18,370
of any in
the history of the world.
1024
01:13:21,044 --> 01:13:24,377
How few of
the human race
1025
01:13:24,414 --> 01:13:27,042
have ever had
an opportunity
1026
01:13:27,084 --> 01:13:28,847
of choosing
a system of government
1027
01:13:28,885 --> 01:13:30,910
for themselves?
1028
01:13:30,954 --> 01:13:33,582
And their children?
1029
01:13:37,627 --> 01:13:41,495
I am not without
apprehensions, gentlemen.
1030
01:13:45,168 --> 01:13:47,830
But the end
we have in sight
1031
01:13:47,871 --> 01:13:50,465
is more than worth
all the means.
1032
01:13:54,444 --> 01:13:57,379
I believe, sirs,
that the hour has come.
1033
01:14:02,119 --> 01:14:05,111
My judgment approves
this measure,
1034
01:14:05,155 --> 01:14:08,556
and my whole heart
is in it.
1035
01:14:10,861 --> 01:14:14,058
All that I have,
all that I am
1036
01:14:14,097 --> 01:14:17,260
and all that I hope
in this life,
1037
01:14:17,300 --> 01:14:19,962
I am now ready
to stake upon it.
1038
01:14:23,373 --> 01:14:27,639
While I live,
let me have a country...
1039
01:14:31,748 --> 01:14:35,377
a free country.
1040
01:15:08,552 --> 01:15:10,884
- Well done.
- Well done.
1041
01:15:25,435 --> 01:15:27,403
Idle misspense of time.
1042
01:15:27,437 --> 01:15:29,428
A waste of breath.
1043
01:15:30,874 --> 01:15:34,173
I said nothing
but what has been
1044
01:15:34,211 --> 01:15:37,203
repeated and hackneyed
in that room before
1045
01:15:37,247 --> 01:15:41,206
a hundred times past
these six months.
1046
01:15:41,251 --> 01:15:43,549
Oh, on the contrary,
Mr. Adams,
1047
01:15:43,587 --> 01:15:47,580
you seemed quite carried
out of yourself.
1048
01:15:51,561 --> 01:15:53,825
Majority is ours, cousin.
1049
01:15:53,864 --> 01:15:55,331
Nine to four in favor.
1050
01:15:55,365 --> 01:15:58,334
No no no.
1051
01:15:58,368 --> 01:16:00,996
It must be unanimous.
1052
01:16:01,037 --> 01:16:03,369
Where the devil
is our friend Rodney?
1053
01:16:03,406 --> 01:16:05,271
Gone back to Wilmington.
1054
01:16:05,308 --> 01:16:08,641
Trouble with
the Tories there.
1055
01:16:08,678 --> 01:16:11,238
We will never win Delaware
without him.
1056
01:16:13,116 --> 01:16:16,449
Mr. Rodney must be found and fetched
back here, Mr. McKean.
1057
01:16:16,486 --> 01:16:17,953
Leave it to me.
1058
01:16:19,089 --> 01:16:21,114
- Mr. Adams?
- Sir?
1059
01:16:21,157 --> 01:16:23,216
A word with you,
if I may.
1060
01:16:24,794 --> 01:16:27,854
A private word.
1061
01:16:39,209 --> 01:16:42,872
South Carolina would be
willing to consider
1062
01:16:42,913 --> 01:16:45,074
casting her vote
with the majority.
1063
01:16:47,150 --> 01:16:49,414
You surprise me, sir.
1064
01:16:49,452 --> 01:16:52,353
We know which way
the wind blows, Mr. Adams.
1065
01:16:53,790 --> 01:16:56,884
South Carolina has never
been opposed to the principle
1066
01:16:56,927 --> 01:16:58,792
of separation from Britain...
1067
01:17:00,196 --> 01:17:02,164
only the haste to achieve it.
1068
01:17:02,198 --> 01:17:03,961
The times call
for action, sir.
1069
01:17:04,000 --> 01:17:07,766
We Southerners are accustomed
to a more courtly forum.
1070
01:17:10,807 --> 01:17:13,139
You have something
to ask in return?
1071
01:17:15,145 --> 01:17:18,945
Only your assurance that there will be
no dissent from the other colonies...
1072
01:17:18,982 --> 01:17:22,008
forgive me... states.
1073
01:17:25,522 --> 01:17:27,285
You have it, sir.
1074
01:17:33,263 --> 01:17:36,824
Gentlemen can always
reach agreement.
1075
01:17:39,469 --> 01:17:42,632
Admiral Howe has anchored
150 ships
1076
01:17:42,672 --> 01:17:45,038
in view of
Manhattan Island,
1077
01:17:45,075 --> 01:17:47,600
and you ask me to consent
to our own destruction.
1078
01:17:47,644 --> 01:17:49,976
13 stand a greater
chance than one.
1079
01:17:50,013 --> 01:17:52,277
We do not ask you
to join us,
1080
01:17:52,315 --> 01:17:55,512
only that you do not
obstruct us.
1081
01:17:59,356 --> 01:18:03,087
New York would be willing
to consider such an arrangement
1082
01:18:03,126 --> 01:18:06,220
if you can deliver
Pennsylvania.
1083
01:18:17,240 --> 01:18:21,677
Consider this,
Mr. Dickinson:
1084
01:18:21,711 --> 01:18:24,976
Two of Pennsylvania's own delegates,
myself being one of them,
1085
01:18:25,015 --> 01:18:28,109
rose up today
in opposition to you.
1086
01:18:28,151 --> 01:18:30,847
I will not compromise
my beliefs.
1087
01:18:33,189 --> 01:18:35,919
A man of your
reputation and honesty,
1088
01:18:35,959 --> 01:18:39,725
they should never compromise
his beliefs, sir.
1089
01:18:45,201 --> 01:18:47,192
I thank you for that,
Mr. Adams.
1090
01:18:51,941 --> 01:18:53,738
Understand me, sir.
1091
01:18:56,112 --> 01:18:59,013
Likely you are right,
1092
01:18:59,049 --> 01:19:01,916
and we shall be driven
1093
01:19:01,951 --> 01:19:04,419
to independence.
1094
01:19:04,454 --> 01:19:08,356
But now is not the time
for so dangerous
1095
01:19:08,391 --> 01:19:11,724
and irrevocable an action.
1096
01:19:11,761 --> 01:19:15,253
I cannot lend my voice
1097
01:19:15,298 --> 01:19:17,766
to hasten our ruin.
1098
01:19:19,469 --> 01:19:23,064
Perhaps if you're to
find yourself somehow...
1099
01:19:23,106 --> 01:19:25,597
uh,
1100
01:19:25,642 --> 01:19:28,770
indisposed
tomorrow...
1101
01:19:48,231 --> 01:19:50,392
Boys, shh.
1102
01:19:50,433 --> 01:19:52,663
Be still.
1103
01:20:12,288 --> 01:20:14,756
My pretty girl.
1104
01:20:24,968 --> 01:20:27,300
Come no further.
1105
01:20:37,180 --> 01:20:39,740
There.
1106
01:20:44,654 --> 01:20:46,315
Nabby.
1107
01:20:46,356 --> 01:20:48,824
Have mine.
1108
01:20:54,197 --> 01:20:57,325
Thank you, Charles.
1109
01:20:57,367 --> 01:20:59,665
Bed.
1110
01:21:01,437 --> 01:21:03,302
Bed.
1111
01:21:10,513 --> 01:21:12,572
Ma.
1112
01:21:12,615 --> 01:21:15,641
I'm hot.
1113
01:21:15,685 --> 01:21:18,620
Get cool.
1114
01:21:32,335 --> 01:21:35,998
Look what
Charles gave you.
1115
01:21:48,685 --> 01:21:51,813
This chamber will now
come to a vote
1116
01:21:51,854 --> 01:21:54,414
on a resolution proposed
by Mr. Lee...
1117
01:22:00,930 --> 01:22:02,898
He is not here.
1118
01:22:02,932 --> 01:22:05,366
...that these colonies are
1119
01:22:05,401 --> 01:22:08,165
and of a right,
ought to be,
1120
01:22:08,204 --> 01:22:12,470
free and independent
states.
1121
01:22:12,508 --> 01:22:14,840
And that all political
connection between them
1122
01:22:14,877 --> 01:22:16,310
and the country
of Great Britain
1123
01:22:16,346 --> 01:22:19,406
is, and of a right,
ought to be...
1124
01:22:21,117 --> 01:22:23,108
totally dissolved.
1125
01:22:30,994 --> 01:22:33,121
New Hampshire?
1126
01:22:33,162 --> 01:22:35,392
New Hampshire
votes yes.
1127
01:22:37,166 --> 01:22:39,726
Rhode Island?
1128
01:22:39,769 --> 01:22:41,964
Rhode Island
votes yes.
1129
01:22:43,973 --> 01:22:48,376
- Massachusetts?
- Massachusetts votes yes.
1130
01:22:48,411 --> 01:22:50,470
New York?
1131
01:22:59,922 --> 01:23:02,254
New York has yet to
receive new instructions
1132
01:23:02,292 --> 01:23:04,283
from its constituent
assembly.
1133
01:23:06,763 --> 01:23:11,393
We therefore
respectfully abstain.
1134
01:23:18,341 --> 01:23:20,172
Connecticut?
1135
01:23:20,209 --> 01:23:22,268
Connecticut votes yes.
1136
01:23:22,312 --> 01:23:26,078
- New Jersey?
- New Jersey votes yes.
1137
01:23:26,115 --> 01:23:28,242
Pennsylvania?
1138
01:23:34,023 --> 01:23:35,820
Ahem.
1139
01:23:35,858 --> 01:23:37,348
Pennsylvania votes yes.
1140
01:23:37,393 --> 01:23:39,156
Delaware?
1141
01:23:40,730 --> 01:23:43,665
Delaware votes yes.
1142
01:23:44,901 --> 01:23:46,960
Virginia?
1143
01:23:47,003 --> 01:23:48,994
Virginia votes yes.
1144
01:23:49,038 --> 01:23:52,599
Maryland?
1145
01:23:52,642 --> 01:23:54,974
Maryland votes yes.
1146
01:23:55,011 --> 01:23:57,571
North Carolina?
1147
01:23:57,613 --> 01:24:00,173
North Carolina votes yes.
1148
01:24:00,216 --> 01:24:02,047
South Carolina?
1149
01:24:06,189 --> 01:24:08,657
South Carolina votes yes.
1150
01:24:08,691 --> 01:24:12,149
Georgia?
1151
01:24:12,195 --> 01:24:15,687
Georgia votes yes.
1152
01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:20,798
The vote stands
1153
01:24:20,837 --> 01:24:24,568
12 for independence
none against
1154
01:24:24,607 --> 01:24:27,041
with one abstention.
1155
01:24:27,076 --> 01:24:29,169
The resolution carries.
1156
01:24:56,439 --> 01:25:00,876
"When, in the course
of human events,
1157
01:25:00,910 --> 01:25:03,606
it becomes necessary
for one people
1158
01:25:03,646 --> 01:25:05,580
to dissolve the political
bands
1159
01:25:05,615 --> 01:25:07,742
which have connected them
with another,
1160
01:25:07,784 --> 01:25:10,582
and to assume among
the powers of the earth
1161
01:25:10,620 --> 01:25:13,020
the separate
and equal station
1162
01:25:13,055 --> 01:25:16,616
to which the laws of nature
and of nature's God entitle them,
1163
01:25:16,659 --> 01:25:19,719
a decent respect to
the opinions of mankind
1164
01:25:19,762 --> 01:25:23,027
requires that they should
declare the causes
1165
01:25:23,065 --> 01:25:25,465
which impel them
to the separation."
1166
01:25:25,501 --> 01:25:27,935
"We hold these truths
to be self-evident
1167
01:25:27,970 --> 01:25:29,961
and that all men
are created equal
1168
01:25:30,006 --> 01:25:32,998
and that they are endowed
by their creator
1169
01:25:33,042 --> 01:25:35,306
with certain un..."
1170
01:25:35,344 --> 01:25:37,676
What's that word there?
1171
01:25:42,218 --> 01:25:44,209
"Unalienable."
1172
01:25:45,822 --> 01:25:49,349
"...with certain
unalienable rights;
1173
01:25:49,392 --> 01:25:53,852
That among these are life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness."
1174
01:25:53,896 --> 01:25:56,831
"That whenever any form
of government
1175
01:25:56,866 --> 01:25:59,494
becomes destructive
of these ends,
1176
01:25:59,535 --> 01:26:01,662
it is in the right
of the people
1177
01:26:01,704 --> 01:26:04,400
to alter or
abolish it,
1178
01:26:04,440 --> 01:26:07,409
and to institute
new government.
1179
01:26:07,443 --> 01:26:10,537
The history of the present
King of Great Britain
1180
01:26:10,580 --> 01:26:13,378
is a history of
repeated injury,
1181
01:26:13,416 --> 01:26:15,941
all having in direct object
the establishment
1182
01:26:15,985 --> 01:26:19,045
of an absolute tyranny
over these states."
1183
01:26:19,088 --> 01:26:21,113
"In every state of
these oppressions,
1184
01:26:21,157 --> 01:26:24,058
we have petitioned for redress
in the most humble terms.
1185
01:26:24,093 --> 01:26:27,620
Our repeated petitions have been
answered only by repeated injury.
1186
01:26:27,663 --> 01:26:31,155
A prince whose character
is thus marked
1187
01:26:31,200 --> 01:26:33,293
by every act which
may define a tyrant
1188
01:26:33,336 --> 01:26:36,703
is unfit to be the ruler
of a free people."
1189
01:26:36,739 --> 01:26:39,537
"We, therefore,
1190
01:26:39,575 --> 01:26:43,033
the representatives of
the United States of America,
1191
01:26:43,079 --> 01:26:45,479
solemnly publish
and declare
1192
01:26:45,515 --> 01:26:48,313
that these
united colonies are,
1193
01:26:48,351 --> 01:26:51,047
and of right
ought to be,
1194
01:26:51,087 --> 01:26:54,147
free and independent states;
1195
01:26:54,190 --> 01:26:56,556
That they are absolved
from all allegiance
1196
01:26:56,592 --> 01:26:58,082
to the British Crown."
1197
01:26:58,127 --> 01:27:00,755
"And for the support of
this declaration,
1198
01:27:00,796 --> 01:27:03,959
with a firm reliance on the protection
of Divine Providence,
1199
01:27:04,000 --> 01:27:06,093
we mutually pledge
to each other
1200
01:27:06,135 --> 01:27:09,263
our lives, or fortunes
and our sacred honor."
1201
01:27:09,305 --> 01:27:12,365
Bless you.
1202
01:27:12,408 --> 01:27:14,399
"God save our
American states!"
1203
01:27:14,443 --> 01:27:17,412
"God save our American states!"
1204
01:27:43,372 --> 01:27:45,340
"My dearest friend,
1205
01:27:45,374 --> 01:27:46,898
the break is made.
1206
01:27:46,943 --> 01:27:50,003
Now our work begins.
1207
01:27:50,046 --> 01:27:52,913
You will think me
transported with enthusiasm
1208
01:27:52,949 --> 01:27:55,383
but I am not.
1209
01:27:55,418 --> 01:27:58,216
It is the will of heaven
that Britain and America
1210
01:27:58,254 --> 01:28:00,085
should be sundered forever.
1211
01:28:00,122 --> 01:28:02,647
It may be the will
of heaven
1212
01:28:02,692 --> 01:28:06,184
that America shall suffer
calamities still more wasting
1213
01:28:06,228 --> 01:28:08,890
and distresses
yet more dreadful.
1214
01:28:12,602 --> 01:28:15,036
I am well aware
of the toil and blood
1215
01:28:15,071 --> 01:28:18,734
and treasure that it will cost us
to maintain this declaration
1216
01:28:18,774 --> 01:28:21,902
and support
and defend these states.
1217
01:28:21,944 --> 01:28:24,970
Yet through all the gloom,
I can see
1218
01:28:25,014 --> 01:28:29,576
the rays of ravishing light
and glory.
1219
01:28:29,619 --> 01:28:33,783
I can see that posterity
will triumph
1220
01:28:33,823 --> 01:28:37,315
in that day's
transaction."
88677
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