All language subtitles for Foreign - 2021-Eating our Way to Extinction
Afrikaans
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Basque
Belarusian
Bengali
Bosnian
Bulgarian
Catalan
Cebuano
Chichewa
Chinese (Simplified)
Corsican
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Esperanto
Estonian
Filipino
Finnish
French
Frisian
Galician
Georgian
German
Greek
Gujarati
Haitian Creole
Hausa
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Hindi
Hmong
Hungarian
Icelandic
Igbo
Indonesian
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Javanese
Kannada
Kazakh
Khmer
Korean
Kurdish (Kurmanji)
Kyrgyz
Lao
Latin
Latvian
Lithuanian
Luxembourgish
Macedonian
Malagasy
Malay
Malayalam
Maltese
Maori
Marathi
Mongolian
Myanmar (Burmese)
Nepali
Norwegian
Pashto
Persian
Polish
Portuguese
Punjabi
Romanian
Russian
Samoan
Scots Gaelic
Serbian
Sesotho
Shona
Sindhi
Sinhala
Slovak
Slovenian
Somali
Spanish
Sundanese
Swahili
Swedish
Tajik
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Uzbek
Vietnamese
Welsh
Xhosa
Yiddish
Yoruba
Zulu
Odia (Oriya)
Kinyarwanda
Turkmen
Tatar
Uyghur
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
3
00:00:23,875 --> 00:00:26,474
[birds chirping]
4
00:00:32,157 --> 00:00:34,056
[chainsaw rumbling]
5
00:00:34,091 --> 00:00:36,390
[insects chirping]
6
00:00:41,391 --> 00:00:43,523
[wood crackling]
7
00:00:48,457 --> 00:00:50,623
[crackling intensifies]
8
00:01:01,224 --> 00:01:02,923
[loud crash]
9
00:01:12,024 --> 00:01:15,490
[light suspenseful music]
10
00:01:24,957 --> 00:01:28,323
But surely you must realize
that this is their home.
11
00:01:29,124 --> 00:01:32,156
These Indigenous tribes
have been living on this land
12
00:01:32,191 --> 00:01:33,456
for hundreds of years.
13
00:01:52,957 --> 00:01:54,790
[soft dramatic music]
14
00:02:00,524 --> 00:02:01,890
[Kate Winslet]
Our Earth...
15
00:02:03,991 --> 00:02:06,790
She is ever in flow and motion.
16
00:02:08,224 --> 00:02:12,223
A dynamic symphony of forces
all working together,
17
00:02:12,257 --> 00:02:16,090
breathing life into
the four corners of the world.
18
00:02:16,124 --> 00:02:17,790
[thunder rumbling]
19
00:02:22,824 --> 00:02:26,390
And for millennia,
cultures the world over
20
00:02:26,424 --> 00:02:28,490
have called her their mother.
21
00:02:28,957 --> 00:02:30,490
[deep inhaling]
22
00:02:31,257 --> 00:02:32,856
[gentle exhaling]
23
00:02:35,424 --> 00:02:37,756
[deep inhaling]
24
00:02:38,391 --> 00:02:40,423
[gentle exhaling]
25
00:02:42,091 --> 00:02:44,356
[dramatic music intensifies]
26
00:03:10,124 --> 00:03:11,690
[dramatic music continues]
27
00:03:26,024 --> 00:03:27,623
[music stops abruptly]
28
00:03:28,691 --> 00:03:30,790
[somber music]
29
00:03:33,624 --> 00:03:36,656
[Mr. Brockway]
We live on an incredibly
beautiful planet.
30
00:03:37,591 --> 00:03:41,623
A home that we will hopefully
pass on to generations to come.
31
00:03:42,357 --> 00:03:44,223
But as the years go by,
it's becoming
32
00:03:44,257 --> 00:03:46,156
increasingly hard to imagine
33
00:03:46,191 --> 00:03:48,756
what kind of a world
we're leaving behind us.
34
00:03:48,791 --> 00:03:50,656
[thunder rumbling]
35
00:03:50,691 --> 00:03:54,190
We've spent the last four
years traveling around the world
36
00:03:54,224 --> 00:03:56,690
filming the stark reality
that people now face
37
00:03:56,724 --> 00:03:59,723
from the threat
of ecological collapse.
38
00:04:00,491 --> 00:04:02,656
It's now become very clear to us
39
00:04:02,691 --> 00:04:04,823
that there's one thing
driving the destruction
40
00:04:04,857 --> 00:04:08,190
of our ecosystems
faster than anything else.
41
00:04:08,691 --> 00:04:11,390
Let us show you
how this very same thing
42
00:04:11,424 --> 00:04:14,123
might just also be
our salvation.
43
00:04:14,157 --> 00:04:17,423
[gentle somber music]
44
00:04:31,057 --> 00:04:33,990
[Dr. Kong]
Climate and environmental
scientists
45
00:04:34,024 --> 00:04:36,090
warn that we are
fast approaching
46
00:04:36,124 --> 00:04:37,756
the point of no return
47
00:04:37,791 --> 00:04:40,956
if we don't make
a substantial course reversal.
48
00:04:40,991 --> 00:04:44,490
[Prof. Wadhams]
We'll see really serious
catastrophic effects
49
00:04:44,524 --> 00:04:48,090
in the next few years, certainly
in the next decade or two.
50
00:04:48,124 --> 00:04:50,323
The world will be
completely different
51
00:04:50,357 --> 00:04:51,656
from the way it is now.
52
00:04:52,191 --> 00:04:55,690
[Kate Winslet]
Since 1900,
we have seen a dramatic increase
53
00:04:55,724 --> 00:04:58,523
in worldwide
weather related disasters.
54
00:04:59,224 --> 00:05:02,423
There have now been four times
more weather related disasters
55
00:05:02,457 --> 00:05:06,323
in the last 50 years
than in the previous 100.
56
00:05:07,424 --> 00:05:10,156
[Mr. Rifkin]
We began to work
together to move
57
00:05:10,191 --> 00:05:12,323
this issue onto the global
center stage.
58
00:05:12,357 --> 00:05:15,823
There was a lot of discussion
about the contribution
59
00:05:15,857 --> 00:05:19,056
from buildings
and from industrial factories,
60
00:05:19,091 --> 00:05:21,590
but I became aware during
that same period of time
61
00:05:21,624 --> 00:05:24,723
that there was another factor
that was going undiscussed,
62
00:05:24,757 --> 00:05:28,056
and that is the role
of animal agriculture,
which I could see was playing
63
00:05:28,091 --> 00:05:31,223
some significant role
around the planet.
64
00:05:31,257 --> 00:05:34,323
But this was
the elephant in the room
no one wanted to talk about.
65
00:05:34,357 --> 00:05:37,223
Whatever environmental issue
you want to look at
66
00:05:37,257 --> 00:05:39,790
from species loss
to water pollution,
67
00:05:39,824 --> 00:05:42,790
to water use, to climate change,
animal agriculture
68
00:05:42,824 --> 00:05:44,556
is one of the top causes.
69
00:05:44,591 --> 00:05:47,690
[Dr. Kong]
The critical,
widespread negative impact
70
00:05:47,724 --> 00:05:52,256
of animal agriculture
on our planet is undeniable.
71
00:05:52,291 --> 00:05:54,156
Severe global crises
72
00:05:54,191 --> 00:05:56,023
from climate change
73
00:05:56,057 --> 00:05:59,423
and environmental damage
to species extinction,
74
00:05:59,457 --> 00:06:04,123
hunger, poverty, disease
and antibiotic resistance,
75
00:06:04,157 --> 00:06:06,690
all of these have
direct connections
76
00:06:06,724 --> 00:06:08,656
to animal agriculture
77
00:06:08,691 --> 00:06:10,490
and the massive inefficiency
78
00:06:10,524 --> 00:06:13,223
of our current food
production systems.
79
00:06:13,257 --> 00:06:17,556
[Kate Winslet]
A report published by
WikiLeaks as far back as 2009,
80
00:06:17,957 --> 00:06:20,923
exposed the conversations
between Nestlé executives
81
00:06:20,957 --> 00:06:24,356
and U.S. officials
called "The Tour D'Horizon."
82
00:06:24,857 --> 00:06:28,790
The Nestlé executives said that
their own research had shown
83
00:06:28,824 --> 00:06:31,790
that the world was set
to run out of fresh water
84
00:06:31,824 --> 00:06:34,456
within the next 30 years.
85
00:06:34,491 --> 00:06:36,623
It stated that one
of the greatest reasons
86
00:06:36,657 --> 00:06:39,156
for our detour down
this catastrophic path
87
00:06:39,191 --> 00:06:42,190
is the global demand
for meat products.
88
00:06:42,224 --> 00:06:46,990
[Prof. Wadhams]
If you look at the impact
that food choice has on--
89
00:06:47,024 --> 00:06:49,423
on global warming,
it's very significant.
90
00:06:49,457 --> 00:06:52,890
Eating meat is huge
for global climate,
91
00:06:52,924 --> 00:06:57,856
and that's something
where personal choice
is the determining factor.
92
00:06:57,891 --> 00:07:00,023
So there's the only case
I can think of
93
00:07:00,057 --> 00:07:03,056
where individual human choice
94
00:07:03,091 --> 00:07:06,456
would have a big effect,
would be food.
95
00:07:06,491 --> 00:07:08,190
We're now over the line.
96
00:07:08,591 --> 00:07:11,256
And the idea that we're going
to double meat production
97
00:07:11,291 --> 00:07:12,856
between now and 2050,
98
00:07:12,891 --> 00:07:14,290
this is just unsustainable.
99
00:07:14,324 --> 00:07:15,590
This is going to have to give.
100
00:07:15,624 --> 00:07:18,156
Our diet is taking us
to an abyss.
101
00:07:18,191 --> 00:07:19,490
[dramatic musical sting]
102
00:07:20,991 --> 00:07:23,856
[Mr. De Schutter]
A significant reason
why livestock production
103
00:07:23,891 --> 00:07:27,656
has been having
such a huge impact
on greenhouse gas emissions
104
00:07:27,691 --> 00:07:30,523
is because of the large surfaces
105
00:07:30,557 --> 00:07:33,256
of forests
that have been destroyed
106
00:07:33,291 --> 00:07:36,790
in order to make room
for pastures and for the growth
107
00:07:36,824 --> 00:07:40,856
of soybean and maize
for feedstock production.
108
00:07:41,357 --> 00:07:46,256
[Kate Winslet]
Our forests were once full
of the most incredible life.
109
00:07:46,957 --> 00:07:50,823
In more recent years, we began
to grow an insatiable appetite
110
00:07:50,857 --> 00:07:55,123
for meat and dairy, and as
our demand for more meat grew,
111
00:07:55,157 --> 00:07:57,356
we needed more and more land.
112
00:07:57,391 --> 00:08:01,456
So we slashed and burned our way
through the pristine forests,
113
00:08:01,491 --> 00:08:03,556
destroying
everything in our paths
114
00:08:03,591 --> 00:08:07,156
to make way for the animals
we desired to eat.
115
00:08:07,191 --> 00:08:09,890
As these animals
weren't allowed to roam free
116
00:08:09,924 --> 00:08:12,056
as they naturally
do in the wild,
117
00:08:12,091 --> 00:08:14,656
their grazing areas
soon became empty,
118
00:08:14,691 --> 00:08:17,623
and so, of course,
we needed to feed them,
119
00:08:17,657 --> 00:08:20,356
so again,
we slashed and burned our way
120
00:08:20,391 --> 00:08:22,356
through more and more forests,
121
00:08:22,391 --> 00:08:25,890
sowed the ground
with genetically
enhanced corn and soya,
122
00:08:25,924 --> 00:08:27,723
and then dowsed it
in pesticides,
123
00:08:27,757 --> 00:08:30,723
herbicides and synthetic
chemical fertilizer.
124
00:08:30,757 --> 00:08:32,756
[dramatic music]
125
00:08:32,791 --> 00:08:37,190
Animal agriculture has literally
changed the face of our planet.
126
00:08:38,157 --> 00:08:41,190
The green land
is used for human crops.
127
00:08:41,224 --> 00:08:43,990
A great area
that spans the globe.
128
00:08:48,157 --> 00:08:50,456
And yet the land we use
for animal agriculture,
129
00:08:50,491 --> 00:08:55,556
shown in red, now occupies vast
amounts of our Earth's land,
130
00:08:55,591 --> 00:08:59,123
a far greater area
than that used for human crops.
131
00:09:02,357 --> 00:09:05,756
Almost all the Earth's surface
has-- now bears the mark
132
00:09:05,791 --> 00:09:07,956
of some kind of human impact,
133
00:09:07,991 --> 00:09:11,556
and most of that
is livestock production.
134
00:09:11,591 --> 00:09:15,390
Agriculture has transformed
the planet like nothing else.
135
00:09:15,424 --> 00:09:18,990
To produce milk, we farm an area
about the size of Brazil.
136
00:09:19,491 --> 00:09:23,590
To produce beef, we farm an area
about the size of Canada,
137
00:09:23,624 --> 00:09:26,823
the United States,
the whole of Central America,
138
00:09:27,324 --> 00:09:31,223
Venezuela,
Colombia and Ecuador combined.
139
00:09:31,257 --> 00:09:34,456
To produce eggs, we farm
an area the size of Sweden.
140
00:09:34,491 --> 00:09:38,456
To produce aquaculture feed, an
area about the size of the UK.
141
00:09:38,491 --> 00:09:42,190
A plant-based diet would reduce
the amount of land required
142
00:09:42,224 --> 00:09:45,490
to produce our food
by 3.1 billion hectares.
143
00:09:45,524 --> 00:09:48,956
That's an area the size
of the entire African continent.
144
00:09:53,795 --> 00:09:57,694
[Kate Winslet]
The Amazon is the world's
largest tropical rainforest.
145
00:09:58,622 --> 00:10:01,621
This ancient
and richly biodiverse world
146
00:10:01,655 --> 00:10:03,687
is slowly being replaced.
147
00:10:05,222 --> 00:10:07,487
It is often assumed
that much of the soy
148
00:10:07,522 --> 00:10:10,787
being planted in Brazil
is for human consumption.
149
00:10:11,322 --> 00:10:14,054
In fact, less than
six percent of the soy
150
00:10:14,088 --> 00:10:17,221
grown across the globe
is fed to humans.
151
00:10:17,888 --> 00:10:19,954
The vast majority
is grown to create
152
00:10:19,988 --> 00:10:21,654
animal feed for livestock.
153
00:10:22,355 --> 00:10:25,387
The soy is exported
all around the world
154
00:10:25,422 --> 00:10:29,154
and fed to the billions
of chickens, farmed fish,
155
00:10:29,188 --> 00:10:31,987
pigs and cows
that we eat each day.
156
00:10:35,588 --> 00:10:37,987
The forests are not
only home to millions
157
00:10:38,022 --> 00:10:40,187
of species of wildlife
and plants,
158
00:10:40,222 --> 00:10:44,121
but are also great regulators
of our planet's atmosphere.
159
00:10:45,388 --> 00:10:49,254
Day by day, they slowly
breathe in the carbon dioxide
160
00:10:49,622 --> 00:10:52,587
whilst producing billions
of tons of fresh oxygen
161
00:10:52,622 --> 00:10:53,887
for our air.
162
00:10:53,922 --> 00:10:56,787
[dramatic music continues]
163
00:10:56,822 --> 00:10:59,954
Each year,
an estimated 18 million
164
00:10:59,988 --> 00:11:01,887
acres of forest are lost,
165
00:11:02,322 --> 00:11:05,354
which is roughly the size
of the country of Panama.
166
00:11:06,288 --> 00:11:09,221
It is thought
that about half of the Earth's
167
00:11:09,255 --> 00:11:12,787
mature tropical forests
have now been destroyed,
168
00:11:13,488 --> 00:11:15,587
and some scientists
have predicted
169
00:11:15,622 --> 00:11:20,154
that unless significant measures
are taken on a worldwide basis,
170
00:11:20,655 --> 00:11:25,987
by 2030, only ten percent
of the forests will remain.
171
00:11:34,488 --> 00:11:37,087
[somber piano music]
172
00:11:37,122 --> 00:11:40,121
[birds and insects chirping]
173
00:11:43,022 --> 00:11:47,121
[Sir Branson] One of the most
precious things we have in
the world is our rainforests.
174
00:11:48,022 --> 00:11:51,454
The rainforests are
literally being chewed away,
175
00:11:51,488 --> 00:11:55,854
um, by farmers who know
they can make money
176
00:11:55,888 --> 00:11:58,587
by cutting another acre,
and then another acre,
177
00:11:58,622 --> 00:12:00,021
and then another acre for meat.
178
00:12:00,055 --> 00:12:02,621
[somber piano music continues]
179
00:12:29,222 --> 00:12:31,921
[Kate Winslet]
Each year,
hundreds of tribespeople,
180
00:12:31,955 --> 00:12:34,154
indigenous
to the Amazon rainforest,
181
00:12:34,188 --> 00:12:36,854
have their villages
burned to the ground.
182
00:12:36,888 --> 00:12:39,921
They have been forcibly
removed from their land,
183
00:12:39,955 --> 00:12:43,254
with many of them murdered
by the agribusiness paramilitary
184
00:12:43,288 --> 00:12:45,487
who seek
to turn their jungle home
185
00:12:45,522 --> 00:12:48,687
into farmland for growing
soy for livestock feed.
186
00:12:48,722 --> 00:12:50,454
[dramatic music]
187
00:12:50,488 --> 00:12:52,754
[gunshot]
188
00:12:59,288 --> 00:13:01,887
[woman cries]
189
00:13:03,822 --> 00:13:07,854
[Kate Winslet]
One of the worst affected
tribes is the Guarani Kaiowá
190
00:13:07,888 --> 00:13:10,154
in Mato Grosso do Sul.
191
00:13:16,622 --> 00:13:18,921
[somber music]
192
00:13:26,388 --> 00:13:29,921
[dramatic music]
193
00:13:33,055 --> 00:13:34,921
[loud whirring]
194
00:13:41,722 --> 00:13:44,487
[inhabitants clamoring]
195
00:14:06,355 --> 00:14:07,954
[music fades]
196
00:14:10,788 --> 00:14:14,087
So there was actually
a report that came out in 2018,
197
00:14:14,122 --> 00:14:18,654
and they found that the world's
top five livestock corporations
198
00:14:18,688 --> 00:14:22,521
now release more annual
greenhouse gas emissions
199
00:14:22,555 --> 00:14:26,187
than ExxonMobil, Shell and BP.
200
00:14:26,222 --> 00:14:27,987
It is crazy
when you think about it
201
00:14:28,022 --> 00:14:30,954
because the EU
is spending £24 billion
202
00:14:30,988 --> 00:14:33,954
of taxpayers' money
on livestock farming each year,
203
00:14:33,988 --> 00:14:36,221
and this is at a time
when we are facing
204
00:14:36,255 --> 00:14:39,287
an ecological collapse, and
we drastically need to reduce
205
00:14:39,322 --> 00:14:40,987
greenhouse gas emissions.
206
00:14:41,022 --> 00:14:43,954
So it's no surprise
that people are asking
207
00:14:43,988 --> 00:14:46,221
a lot of questions now about
the fact that there seem to be
208
00:14:46,255 --> 00:14:49,387
some serious conflicts
of interest going on here.
209
00:14:50,922 --> 00:14:54,221
There's some very heavy
lobbying going on of government,
210
00:14:54,255 --> 00:14:56,887
and I think that happens
throughout the world,
211
00:14:56,922 --> 00:14:59,421
and it's just a historic thing
212
00:14:59,455 --> 00:15:02,487
that needs to be,
I think, rebalanced.
213
00:15:06,488 --> 00:15:09,054
[light dramatic music]
214
00:15:09,088 --> 00:15:11,454
[car beeping]
215
00:16:09,488 --> 00:16:12,887
Today, democracy
does not always function
216
00:16:12,922 --> 00:16:16,221
as well as it should
because of the huge influence
217
00:16:16,255 --> 00:16:20,121
that agribusiness corporations,
and livestock producers
218
00:16:20,155 --> 00:16:22,654
in particular,
exercise on decision-making.
219
00:16:22,688 --> 00:16:25,287
[reporter]
The former director
of the United Nations Food
220
00:16:25,322 --> 00:16:28,421
and Agriculture Organization,
Dr. Samuel Jutzi,
221
00:16:28,455 --> 00:16:30,621
warned as far back as 2010,
222
00:16:30,655 --> 00:16:33,387
that interventions
by agribusiness lobbyists
223
00:16:33,422 --> 00:16:35,821
were blocking reforms that
would offer better standards
224
00:16:35,855 --> 00:16:38,687
for human health
and preserving the environment.
225
00:16:38,722 --> 00:16:40,854
Big animal
agribusiness corporations'
226
00:16:40,888 --> 00:16:43,521
and food producers' influence
over political decisions
227
00:16:43,555 --> 00:16:46,587
about the regulation
of their industry,
has long been a concern
228
00:16:46,622 --> 00:16:49,121
for campaigners,
who see the narrow interests
229
00:16:49,155 --> 00:16:51,787
of the industry
taking widespread control.
230
00:16:51,822 --> 00:16:55,521
[Mr. De Schutter]
If we have any doubt about
how powerful this influence is,
231
00:16:55,555 --> 00:16:57,754
we can recall that, for example,
232
00:16:57,788 --> 00:17:00,954
when the Advisory Committee
on Dietary Guidelines in the US
233
00:17:00,988 --> 00:17:03,954
made recommendations
to the US government
234
00:17:03,988 --> 00:17:06,321
as to how dietary guidelines
should be shaped,
235
00:17:06,355 --> 00:17:10,787
they were blocked
by this very powerful lobby
of agribusiness interests.
236
00:17:10,822 --> 00:17:15,454
[Kate Winslet]
In 2013, the United Nations Food
and Agriculture Organization
237
00:17:15,488 --> 00:17:17,487
released
a landmark report called
238
00:17:17,522 --> 00:17:20,121
Tackling Climate Change
Through Livestock.
239
00:17:20,755 --> 00:17:23,887
The report states
that livestock farming
240
00:17:23,922 --> 00:17:26,821
is responsible for more
greenhouse gas emissions
241
00:17:26,855 --> 00:17:30,154
than all global
transportation combined.
242
00:17:30,188 --> 00:17:32,554
[dramatic music]
243
00:17:32,588 --> 00:17:34,254
A growing number of scientists
244
00:17:34,288 --> 00:17:36,921
believe that the impact
of animal agriculture is,
245
00:17:36,955 --> 00:17:41,421
in fact, even worse
than stated in the FAO report.
246
00:17:42,288 --> 00:17:45,621
There are close ties between
the research organizations
247
00:17:45,655 --> 00:17:48,487
and governments, and government
policy and industry.
248
00:17:48,988 --> 00:17:52,054
It's very pervasive
because livestock industries
249
00:17:52,088 --> 00:17:54,787
depend on government
policies that support them.
250
00:17:54,822 --> 00:17:57,821
[Mr. De Schutter]
The FAO report
was prepared within the FAO
251
00:17:57,855 --> 00:18:00,721
by specialists of agriculture
and livestock production,
252
00:18:00,755 --> 00:18:03,554
not by specialists
of the environmental issues
253
00:18:03,588 --> 00:18:05,987
associated
with agricultural production.
254
00:18:06,022 --> 00:18:08,421
I believe that the more
serious concern, of course,
255
00:18:08,455 --> 00:18:10,487
is that the International
Meat Association
256
00:18:10,522 --> 00:18:12,721
was involved
in preparing the report,
257
00:18:12,755 --> 00:18:15,954
which does raise
the question of the independence
258
00:18:15,988 --> 00:18:18,021
with which the study
was prepared.
259
00:18:18,055 --> 00:18:20,454
[Mr. Wedderburn-Bisshop]
Government policy in that regard
260
00:18:20,488 --> 00:18:22,687
is not for the benefit
of the land,
261
00:18:22,722 --> 00:18:24,921
it's for the benefit
of the industry.
262
00:18:24,955 --> 00:18:27,287
[Kate Winslet]
In their report,
the FAO partnered up
263
00:18:27,322 --> 00:18:30,487
with member countries,
non-governmental organizations
264
00:18:30,522 --> 00:18:32,621
and many other organizations,
including
265
00:18:32,655 --> 00:18:35,521
the European Feed
Manufacturers Federation,
266
00:18:35,555 --> 00:18:37,654
the International
Dairy Federation,
267
00:18:37,688 --> 00:18:40,254
the International
Meat Secretariat,
268
00:18:40,288 --> 00:18:42,021
the International
Egg Commission,
269
00:18:42,055 --> 00:18:44,121
and the International
Poultry Council.
270
00:18:44,155 --> 00:18:46,987
In an industry worth
over a trillion dollars,
271
00:18:47,022 --> 00:18:49,487
are these not
the very institutions
272
00:18:49,522 --> 00:18:51,821
that have the most
to lose from a damaging
273
00:18:51,855 --> 00:18:55,154
scientific report
against livestock farming?
274
00:18:55,822 --> 00:18:58,487
[gentle music]
275
00:19:03,222 --> 00:19:05,421
[Kate Winslet]
There are few people
that know more
276
00:19:05,455 --> 00:19:08,321
about the ocean
than Dr. Sylvia Earle.
277
00:19:11,188 --> 00:19:14,121
Dr. Earle was the first woman
to become chief scientist
278
00:19:14,155 --> 00:19:18,654
of the United States National
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration,
279
00:19:19,055 --> 00:19:21,254
and held the record
for spending more time
280
00:19:21,288 --> 00:19:24,587
walking along the sea floor
at depth, untethered,
281
00:19:24,622 --> 00:19:26,521
than any living person.
282
00:19:30,188 --> 00:19:31,721
[Dr. Earle]
When I was a child,
283
00:19:31,755 --> 00:19:35,454
the idea of a dead zone
in the ocean was--
284
00:19:35,488 --> 00:19:37,687
was not even in our vocabulary,
285
00:19:38,388 --> 00:19:41,054
but in the 20th century,
286
00:19:41,788 --> 00:19:45,521
as agriculture
began to greatly expand,
287
00:19:46,055 --> 00:19:51,154
the areas around the coast began
to show signs of wear and tear.
288
00:19:51,188 --> 00:19:53,054
The first, most notorious...
289
00:19:53,788 --> 00:19:57,054
spotlight area I think
was off the Gulf of Mexico.
290
00:19:57,588 --> 00:20:02,321
And it has simply grown over
the years, an annual phenomenon.
291
00:20:02,355 --> 00:20:05,187
It is coincident
with the application
292
00:20:05,222 --> 00:20:07,887
of massive
amounts of fertilizer.
293
00:20:07,922 --> 00:20:11,154
[Kate Winslet]
The millions of square miles,
given over to growing
294
00:20:11,188 --> 00:20:12,987
feed for the animals we eat,
295
00:20:13,022 --> 00:20:16,087
are heavily sprayed
with nitrogen fertilizers.
296
00:20:16,622 --> 00:20:20,354
The nitrogen runs off the fields
working its way down rivers,
297
00:20:20,388 --> 00:20:22,754
and eventually into our oceans.
298
00:20:23,555 --> 00:20:28,287
The nitrogen-rich water
stimulates massive
overgrowth of algae,
299
00:20:28,322 --> 00:20:30,987
resulting in algal blooms
so large,
300
00:20:31,022 --> 00:20:33,221
they can be seen from space.
301
00:20:34,288 --> 00:20:36,754
The algae starve
the water of oxygen,
302
00:20:36,788 --> 00:20:39,687
leading to the death
of the marine life around it.
303
00:20:40,288 --> 00:20:42,387
Since the demand
for meat has grown,
304
00:20:42,422 --> 00:20:44,254
these low oxygen dead zones
305
00:20:44,288 --> 00:20:46,821
have been steadily growing
and growing.
306
00:20:46,855 --> 00:20:50,187
[ominous music]
307
00:20:57,888 --> 00:21:00,687
There are hundreds of dead zones
308
00:21:00,722 --> 00:21:03,321
that have developed
all around the coastlines
309
00:21:03,888 --> 00:21:05,054
of the world.
310
00:21:05,488 --> 00:21:06,421
And...
311
00:21:07,755 --> 00:21:11,454
Okay, people say, "That's--
that's too bad for the fish,
312
00:21:11,488 --> 00:21:13,654
so sorry, fish." But...
313
00:21:14,488 --> 00:21:16,921
we need to understand
that what we do to the ocean,
314
00:21:17,355 --> 00:21:19,021
we're doing to ourselves.
315
00:21:19,055 --> 00:21:21,487
[low rumble]
316
00:21:22,988 --> 00:21:26,021
[whale calling]
317
00:21:26,055 --> 00:21:28,754
[gentle music]
318
00:21:30,922 --> 00:21:34,921
I want others to see it
and to see for themselves.
319
00:21:34,955 --> 00:21:39,254
This is all we've got,
this little blue miracle.
320
00:21:40,055 --> 00:21:42,954
[whale calling]
321
00:21:42,988 --> 00:21:46,487
[ethereal music]
322
00:21:52,622 --> 00:21:55,287
[eerie music]
323
00:21:57,322 --> 00:21:59,187
[Kate Winslet]
It is believed by some
324
00:21:59,222 --> 00:22:01,554
that switching
from eating meat to fish
325
00:22:01,588 --> 00:22:03,887
will have a beneficial
effect on our planet.
326
00:22:03,922 --> 00:22:08,087
This simply could not
be further from the truth.
327
00:22:09,055 --> 00:22:10,587
If the ocean dies,
328
00:22:10,622 --> 00:22:13,254
then we humans would
probably die with it,
329
00:22:13,755 --> 00:22:16,421
as every other breath
of air we take
330
00:22:16,855 --> 00:22:18,954
has been created by our ocean.
331
00:22:18,988 --> 00:22:21,454
[deep exhaling]
332
00:22:22,022 --> 00:22:25,287
As reported in the leading
science journal, Nature,
333
00:22:25,322 --> 00:22:28,754
we have lost nearly
90 percent of all large fish
334
00:22:28,788 --> 00:22:31,254
in the ocean since the '50s.
335
00:22:32,855 --> 00:22:35,787
One of the most in-depth
studies ever carried out
336
00:22:35,822 --> 00:22:37,254
investigating fish stocks,
337
00:22:37,288 --> 00:22:39,354
also in the journal, Nature,
338
00:22:39,388 --> 00:22:41,654
stated that at the current
rate of fishing,
339
00:22:41,688 --> 00:22:44,821
the world's fisheries
are predicted to collapse
340
00:22:44,855 --> 00:22:46,787
in less than 30 years.
341
00:22:47,955 --> 00:22:51,387
According to IPBES,
the intergovernmental body
342
00:22:51,422 --> 00:22:54,121
which assesses
the state of our biodiversity,
343
00:22:54,155 --> 00:22:57,921
the leading cause of marine
life extinction is fishing.
344
00:22:58,722 --> 00:23:03,021
Our taste for fish is literally
draining our oceans of life.
345
00:23:03,055 --> 00:23:05,954
[light dramatic music]
346
00:23:17,922 --> 00:23:21,654
[somber piano music]
347
00:23:47,655 --> 00:23:50,921
[whale calling]
348
00:24:16,755 --> 00:24:19,554
Today, we have agreed
on fishing opportunities
349
00:24:19,588 --> 00:24:24,354
for European fishermen worth
more than five billion euros
350
00:24:24,388 --> 00:24:28,454
and benefiting
more than 50,000 fishermen.
351
00:24:28,488 --> 00:24:30,954
The catches agreed today
will continue to make
352
00:24:30,988 --> 00:24:37,554
the European fishing industry
highly profitable also in 2019.
353
00:24:37,588 --> 00:24:40,921
[somber music continues]
354
00:24:57,322 --> 00:25:02,587
[Kate Winslet]
Norway, a beautiful country
with breathtaking landscapes.
355
00:25:03,588 --> 00:25:07,021
It is also a place that
harbors some darker secrets.
356
00:25:08,288 --> 00:25:10,254
Norway is one
of the world's largest
357
00:25:10,288 --> 00:25:12,287
exporters of farmed fish.
358
00:25:12,522 --> 00:25:14,854
An industry that is
worth billions of euros
359
00:25:14,888 --> 00:25:16,554
to the country's economy.
360
00:25:17,322 --> 00:25:20,187
As much of the wild ocean
large fish populations
361
00:25:20,222 --> 00:25:22,354
collapsed to near extinction,
362
00:25:22,388 --> 00:25:24,487
fishermen
are turning to aquaculture
363
00:25:24,522 --> 00:25:27,921
as a way of growing fish
in a controlled environment.
364
00:25:29,155 --> 00:25:32,187
Norway produces
more farmed salmon and cod
365
00:25:32,222 --> 00:25:34,587
than any other
country in the world.
366
00:25:35,055 --> 00:25:38,154
About 70 percent
of the fish we eat today
367
00:25:38,188 --> 00:25:41,187
now comes
from artificial fish farms.
368
00:25:41,722 --> 00:25:44,454
As thousands of fish
are kept close together
369
00:25:44,488 --> 00:25:48,587
in very small sea cages,
disease and lice spread easily
370
00:25:48,622 --> 00:25:51,154
and have become a massive
problem for the industry.
371
00:25:51,922 --> 00:25:54,921
As a result, pesticides,
disinfectants
372
00:25:54,955 --> 00:25:57,687
and antibiotics
are used extensively
373
00:25:57,722 --> 00:26:00,987
to keep the fish alive
long enough to go to market.
374
00:26:02,288 --> 00:26:04,554
In order to rid
the fish of lice,
375
00:26:04,588 --> 00:26:06,321
special pumping boats are used,
376
00:26:06,355 --> 00:26:09,821
which suck the fish up
in a giant water vacuum.
377
00:26:10,422 --> 00:26:12,554
The fish are then pumped
through the system,
378
00:26:12,588 --> 00:26:15,254
and as they flow through,
they are either heated
379
00:26:15,288 --> 00:26:18,587
to a high temperature or bathed
in a chemical solution
380
00:26:18,622 --> 00:26:20,321
which removes most of the lice
381
00:26:20,355 --> 00:26:23,487
before being pumped back
into the cage.
382
00:26:23,522 --> 00:26:27,787
The fish are bathed in chemicals
such as hydrogen peroxide
383
00:26:27,822 --> 00:26:31,754
and azamethiphos, to kill
the parasites and diseases,
384
00:26:31,788 --> 00:26:35,754
and given feed with chemicals
such as teflubenzuron,
385
00:26:35,788 --> 00:26:38,621
emamectin and diflubenzuron,
386
00:26:38,655 --> 00:26:41,787
which, by their very nature,
are toxic.
387
00:26:42,455 --> 00:26:45,087
Researchers have found
that traces of chemicals
388
00:26:45,122 --> 00:26:50,154
can end up in the fish,
and ultimately on our plates.
389
00:26:50,188 --> 00:26:55,121
This is much the same for farmed
fish all around the world.
390
00:26:57,488 --> 00:27:00,354
Taryn Bishop,
an environmental activist,
391
00:27:00,388 --> 00:27:02,587
is meeting
with the Green Warriors,
392
00:27:02,622 --> 00:27:05,487
a conservation organization
based in Bergen,
393
00:27:05,522 --> 00:27:07,154
on the west coast of Norway.
394
00:27:08,888 --> 00:27:11,254
The Green Warriors
have been investigating
the devastating practices
395
00:27:11,288 --> 00:27:14,554
of fish farming on the local
ecosystem for many years,
396
00:27:14,588 --> 00:27:16,987
and are taking Taryn
to see the darker side
397
00:27:17,022 --> 00:27:19,854
of the farms that lies
beneath the surface.
398
00:27:22,255 --> 00:27:24,087
A specially built submersible
399
00:27:24,122 --> 00:27:26,887
has enabled them to see
the seabed below the cages.
400
00:27:26,922 --> 00:27:30,154
[light dramatic music]
401
00:27:41,255 --> 00:27:45,787
[Kate Winslet]
All along the ocean floor
lies a thick layer of sludge
402
00:27:46,255 --> 00:27:50,321
made up of fish waste,
bacteria and uneaten feed.
403
00:27:50,822 --> 00:27:54,554
The sludge is full of the
pesticides added to the feed,
404
00:27:54,588 --> 00:27:57,754
and new research has shown that
the massive amounts of pesticide
405
00:27:57,788 --> 00:28:00,954
being added around the world
to the marine ecosystem
406
00:28:00,988 --> 00:28:03,854
in fish farms is having
a devastating effect
407
00:28:03,888 --> 00:28:06,987
on the natural ocean
biodiversity.
408
00:28:07,022 --> 00:28:09,787
The sludge also
releases large amounts
409
00:28:09,822 --> 00:28:12,054
of climate warming methane.
410
00:28:12,088 --> 00:28:14,354
Researchers at Oxford University
411
00:28:14,388 --> 00:28:16,454
have found that some
types of aquaculture
412
00:28:16,488 --> 00:28:20,587
are now releasing more methane
than beef production.
413
00:28:22,055 --> 00:28:23,954
Liv Holmefjord is the head
414
00:28:23,988 --> 00:28:26,421
of the Norwegian Directorate
of Fisheries.
415
00:28:26,455 --> 00:28:29,221
Whilst in Norway,
we were given information
416
00:28:29,255 --> 00:28:31,721
that not only is
she in charge of regulating
417
00:28:31,755 --> 00:28:33,754
the country's
fish farm industry,
418
00:28:33,788 --> 00:28:36,054
but also owns shares
in one of Norway's
419
00:28:36,088 --> 00:28:38,421
largest fish farm companies.
420
00:28:38,455 --> 00:28:41,554
Many conservation groups
feel this is a great conflict
421
00:28:41,588 --> 00:28:43,021
of interests.
422
00:28:43,055 --> 00:28:44,887
Holmefjord has agreed
to meet Taryn
423
00:28:44,922 --> 00:28:48,721
to answer questions about the
state of Norway's fish farms.
424
00:28:49,155 --> 00:28:52,621
Well, fish farming is quite
a new industry in Norway.
425
00:28:52,655 --> 00:28:54,987
It started back in the 1960s,
426
00:28:55,022 --> 00:28:58,854
so it's some local entrepreneurs
starting with hobby,
427
00:28:58,888 --> 00:29:03,254
and it's grown until it's
a billion euro industry today.
428
00:29:03,288 --> 00:29:07,221
And, um, seafood is
the second largest export
429
00:29:07,255 --> 00:29:09,521
industry in Norway,
and fish farming
430
00:29:09,555 --> 00:29:13,987
accounts for two third
of the export value of seafood.
431
00:29:14,022 --> 00:29:18,921
So, recently, we found out
that you also have shares
432
00:29:18,955 --> 00:29:22,054
in one of the largest fish
farm companies in Norway.
433
00:29:22,088 --> 00:29:25,554
Do you not feel that
that's a conflict of interest?
434
00:29:26,022 --> 00:29:29,854
Uh, of course, there could be
a con-- uh, in--
435
00:29:30,288 --> 00:29:31,921
conflict of interest.
436
00:29:31,955 --> 00:29:35,121
Uh, but this is
a fact that's been known
437
00:29:35,155 --> 00:29:38,987
since before I got
this position,
438
00:29:39,022 --> 00:29:41,254
and I've been open about it.
I have--
439
00:29:41,288 --> 00:29:43,321
do not-- I'm not involved
440
00:29:43,355 --> 00:29:46,821
in the business from day-to-day
441
00:29:46,855 --> 00:29:51,021
or at any-- so it's--
an if this--
442
00:29:51,722 --> 00:29:56,054
Um, we have-- um, I have--
443
00:29:57,888 --> 00:29:59,954
Sorry, I have to--
you have to start over again.
444
00:29:59,988 --> 00:30:01,587
[speaking in Norwegian]
445
00:30:02,455 --> 00:30:03,654
[man mutters]
446
00:30:04,888 --> 00:30:07,821
So all the decisions that I made
447
00:30:08,222 --> 00:30:10,621
will either be
for the whole industry,
448
00:30:10,655 --> 00:30:12,287
not specially
for this fish farm,
449
00:30:12,322 --> 00:30:17,287
or it's only an advice to the
politicians, and the politicians
450
00:30:17,755 --> 00:30:21,487
are setting the limits
and the actual regulations.
451
00:30:21,922 --> 00:30:25,821
So if there's an actual case,
452
00:30:26,588 --> 00:30:31,421
uh, handling,
regarding this company,
453
00:30:31,455 --> 00:30:33,254
then I will step aside.
454
00:30:33,288 --> 00:30:36,621
[ominous music]
455
00:30:41,688 --> 00:30:44,054
[water splashing]
456
00:31:27,522 --> 00:31:29,687
[birds chirping]
457
00:31:30,455 --> 00:31:32,487
Salmon is marketed as healthy.
458
00:31:32,922 --> 00:31:35,754
It's also marketed
in a very devious way,
459
00:31:35,788 --> 00:31:38,487
deceptive way that
they think it's a wild product,
460
00:31:38,522 --> 00:31:40,121
but it's a fake product.
461
00:31:40,155 --> 00:31:42,954
It's a fatty product,
it's contaminated.
462
00:31:42,988 --> 00:31:45,454
It's marketed as healthy,
but it-- but it's not.
463
00:31:45,488 --> 00:31:48,721
So salmon, if you see
salmon, alarm bells
should start ringing.
464
00:31:49,255 --> 00:31:52,887
It's pretty grim when you dive
down to the bottom of the cages
465
00:31:52,922 --> 00:31:58,121
because, you know, we always see
the bottom full of dead fish.
466
00:31:58,155 --> 00:32:02,187
And it's basically
because many of these fish are
467
00:32:02,222 --> 00:32:07,054
so disease-, so parasite-ridden
and laden with chemicals
468
00:32:07,088 --> 00:32:11,587
that they become sick, and they
live out their sad short lives,
469
00:32:11,622 --> 00:32:13,454
basically looking like zombies.
470
00:32:13,488 --> 00:32:15,987
[dramatic music]
471
00:32:17,888 --> 00:32:20,421
You know, you don't
see this when you go
472
00:32:20,455 --> 00:32:22,654
to the restaurant
or the supermarket,
473
00:32:22,688 --> 00:32:26,587
but this is basically
what a lot of the fish
actually look like
474
00:32:26,622 --> 00:32:29,321
before it ends up on our plates.
475
00:32:30,788 --> 00:32:34,587
So, tonight Don
wanted to show us
476
00:32:34,622 --> 00:32:37,987
how much
of the farm fish actually dies.
477
00:32:38,488 --> 00:32:39,854
Because of the very unnatural
478
00:32:39,888 --> 00:32:42,454
and unsanitary ways
that they are kept,
479
00:32:42,988 --> 00:32:46,687
and they have rows of
very large metal containers
480
00:32:46,722 --> 00:32:50,054
that they are constantly
filling up with the dead fish.
481
00:32:50,088 --> 00:32:53,321
And I have to say that
the smell as we get closer
482
00:32:53,355 --> 00:32:55,454
is actually pretty disgusting.
483
00:32:55,488 --> 00:32:57,154
[dramatic music]
484
00:32:57,188 --> 00:32:58,854
[Mr. Staniford]
So this is the sordid side
485
00:32:58,888 --> 00:33:00,421
of salmon farming in Scotland.
486
00:33:00,455 --> 00:33:02,287
This is the-- the dirty secrets
487
00:33:02,322 --> 00:33:04,254
the industry
don't want you to see.
488
00:33:04,288 --> 00:33:05,754
This is disease-ridden
489
00:33:05,788 --> 00:33:09,154
farmed salmon,
it's 15 to 20 percent fat.
490
00:33:09,188 --> 00:33:11,921
That's where the contaminants,
the cancer-causing contaminants,
491
00:33:11,955 --> 00:33:15,687
PCBs, dioxins, and
the artificial colorings are.
492
00:33:15,722 --> 00:33:19,187
So this is something
to be avoided at all costs.
493
00:33:19,222 --> 00:33:20,987
[dramatic music continues]
494
00:33:22,022 --> 00:33:25,054
This is the salmon farm
just here.
495
00:33:25,088 --> 00:33:27,354
We got freedom of information...
496
00:33:28,155 --> 00:33:31,621
data from the Scottish
Environment Protection Agency
497
00:33:32,055 --> 00:33:36,354
showing the use
of over 50 tons of formaldehyde,
498
00:33:36,755 --> 00:33:39,921
not just at this site,
but other sites across Scotland.
499
00:33:40,522 --> 00:33:43,387
It's formaldehyde:
"May cause cancer,
500
00:33:43,422 --> 00:33:45,954
suspected
of causing genetic defects,
501
00:33:45,988 --> 00:33:47,487
toxic if swallowed,
502
00:33:47,522 --> 00:33:49,421
may cause respiratory
irritation,
503
00:33:49,455 --> 00:33:52,954
causes damage to organs.
Do not breathe."
504
00:34:02,522 --> 00:34:04,721
[mud sloshing]
505
00:34:07,488 --> 00:34:10,387
[ominous music]
506
00:34:13,055 --> 00:34:16,987
One of the fish farm workers
told us that the workers,
507
00:34:17,022 --> 00:34:20,921
um, come down to the farm,
um, early in the morning,
508
00:34:21,455 --> 00:34:26,287
spraying the chemicals
into the fish cages.
509
00:35:11,922 --> 00:35:14,221
[light dramatic music]
510
00:35:35,622 --> 00:35:39,587
[Kate Winslet]
As the ocean becomes a dumping
ground of seven billion people
511
00:35:39,622 --> 00:35:42,587
and farms saturate
their fish with chemical feed,
512
00:35:42,955 --> 00:35:46,087
eating fish
has never been so toxic.
513
00:35:46,122 --> 00:35:49,054
[Dr. Greger]
You know, our oceans
have become humanity's sewers.
514
00:35:49,088 --> 00:35:51,954
Everything eventually
flows into the sea,
515
00:35:51,988 --> 00:35:53,887
so if you had a,
you know, time machine
516
00:35:53,922 --> 00:35:55,521
that could go back before
the industrial revolution,
517
00:35:55,555 --> 00:35:57,587
it might--
it's a different story, but now,
518
00:35:57,622 --> 00:35:59,854
the highest levels
are many of these persistent
519
00:35:59,888 --> 00:36:01,621
organic pollutants.
We're talking about,
520
00:36:01,655 --> 00:36:05,687
you know, DDT,
and PCBs and dioxins.
521
00:36:05,722 --> 00:36:07,387
The highest levels
in our food supply
522
00:36:07,422 --> 00:36:09,354
are found
in the aquatic food chain.
523
00:36:09,388 --> 00:36:11,121
Fish are not
the safest choice anymore.
524
00:36:11,155 --> 00:36:13,354
-So, Tony it's great to see you.
-Great to see you as well.
525
00:36:13,388 --> 00:36:15,087
-Thanks for coming.
-Not at all, thank you.
526
00:36:15,122 --> 00:36:16,254
A pleasure being here.
527
00:36:16,288 --> 00:36:17,421
So I wanted to ask you
528
00:36:17,455 --> 00:36:18,554
if you could share with us
529
00:36:18,588 --> 00:36:20,087
what is-- what exactly it was
530
00:36:20,122 --> 00:36:21,921
you began to feel
when you realized
531
00:36:21,955 --> 00:36:23,154
something was going wrong?
532
00:36:23,188 --> 00:36:25,354
I was exhausted more than usual,
533
00:36:25,388 --> 00:36:27,021
and then I was losing
short-term memory,
534
00:36:27,055 --> 00:36:29,654
and that scared the hell
out of me. And then I tore
535
00:36:29,688 --> 00:36:32,021
my rotator cuffs
in a really intense
snowboarding accident.
536
00:36:32,055 --> 00:36:33,854
And the doctor said, "Do you
want to do your metals test?"
537
00:36:33,888 --> 00:36:36,021
And I said, "Ah, I got
my amalgams out 25 years ago."
538
00:36:36,055 --> 00:36:38,621
He goes, "There's so many metals
in the environment,
you should do it."
539
00:36:38,655 --> 00:36:40,687
So I did.
I get a phone call a week later,
540
00:36:40,722 --> 00:36:42,854
and I said to my assistant,
"Just have them send
the report."
541
00:36:42,888 --> 00:36:45,421
And he said,
"No, it's an emergency.
He has to speak to you."
542
00:36:45,888 --> 00:36:47,654
And it was like,
no one wants to hear that.
543
00:36:47,688 --> 00:36:49,154
And so I called him up
and he said, "Tony,
544
00:36:49,188 --> 00:36:50,387
I showed your blood tests.
545
00:36:50,422 --> 00:36:52,354
You have extreme
mercury poisoning,
546
00:36:52,388 --> 00:36:54,121
on a zero to five scale,"
which is what they measure,
547
00:36:54,155 --> 00:36:55,887
"five being toxic, you're 123."
548
00:36:55,922 --> 00:36:57,887
The doctor said, "How long has
this man been in the hospital?"
549
00:36:57,922 --> 00:36:59,487
And I just got off stage.
550
00:36:59,522 --> 00:37:02,187
So I-- I said,
"I can't understand this,"
551
00:37:02,222 --> 00:37:04,154
so I went out and they thought,
you know,
552
00:37:04,188 --> 00:37:06,754
maybe someone was trying
to poison me because
the number was so high.
553
00:37:06,788 --> 00:37:09,287
And I was very disciplined.
I was a vegan for 12 years
554
00:37:09,322 --> 00:37:12,021
and then I just went
salad, fish, salad, fish.
And they brought
555
00:37:12,055 --> 00:37:13,787
the medical group out here
and they looked at it,
556
00:37:13,822 --> 00:37:15,587
and I found this man
named Dr. Shade
557
00:37:15,622 --> 00:37:18,221
who's the only guy
that has an ideation process
558
00:37:18,255 --> 00:37:20,921
where he could see
where the mercury came from,
and it was fish.
559
00:37:20,955 --> 00:37:24,387
It's been three years, um,
and I had some severe moments.
560
00:37:24,422 --> 00:37:26,787
It burned a hole in my esophagus
and I literally collapsed.
561
00:37:26,822 --> 00:37:28,521
I lost a third
of my blood supply.
562
00:37:28,555 --> 00:37:30,254
I could have died.
I lost half of my hemoglobin.
563
00:37:30,288 --> 00:37:32,087
-People begin
to lose their hair.
-Yes.
564
00:37:32,122 --> 00:37:33,787
Their memory.
They lose their memories.
565
00:37:33,822 --> 00:37:36,454
-As you were doing.
As you-- as you noticed.
-Yes, yes.
566
00:37:36,488 --> 00:37:38,187
But they can
also have headaches.
567
00:37:38,222 --> 00:37:39,987
They can complain of fatigue,
568
00:37:40,022 --> 00:37:41,921
and they can also
have depression.
569
00:37:41,955 --> 00:37:44,987
What we're seeing now
is with the toxic
environmental exposure,
570
00:37:45,022 --> 00:37:47,887
and especially with
the mercury-- methylmercury
571
00:37:47,922 --> 00:37:51,121
in fish, is that everyone
has got to be careful
572
00:37:51,155 --> 00:37:52,887
because their--
the levels are going up.
573
00:37:52,922 --> 00:37:54,654
Udo, tell me, because
your specialty is in this,
574
00:37:54,688 --> 00:37:56,454
how do you get the fish oils
that we all need
575
00:37:56,488 --> 00:37:58,187
for the brain and for the body
576
00:37:58,222 --> 00:37:59,754
if we can't have fish?
What do you suggest?
577
00:37:59,788 --> 00:38:01,987
Well, we used to get
them from fish oils.
578
00:38:02,022 --> 00:38:04,254
-Yes.
-And-- But there--
579
00:38:04,288 --> 00:38:06,221
We can actually get
them from vegetables.
580
00:38:06,255 --> 00:38:08,687
Flax is the richest
source of omega-3
581
00:38:08,722 --> 00:38:11,354
that we-- everybody thinks
should come from fish oil.
582
00:38:11,388 --> 00:38:13,587
If you get enough
of that as starting material,
583
00:38:13,622 --> 00:38:16,554
your body will make
what the fish oils make,
and it'll be clean.
584
00:38:16,588 --> 00:38:18,587
[Dr. Newman]
Many people take fish oils
585
00:38:18,622 --> 00:38:21,554
or have fish for the long-chain
omega-3 fatty acids,
586
00:38:21,588 --> 00:38:23,121
and you have to ask
yourself the question,
587
00:38:23,155 --> 00:38:24,821
"But where do the fish
get them from?"
588
00:38:24,855 --> 00:38:27,121
And it turns out they get them
from the algae in the ocean.
589
00:38:27,155 --> 00:38:30,921
They get them from plant food.
So if you want the purest form
590
00:38:30,955 --> 00:38:33,887
of the long-chain ready-made
omega-3 fatty acids,
591
00:38:33,922 --> 00:38:36,054
the best way of doing
that is simply to take
592
00:38:36,088 --> 00:38:39,354
an algae supplement,
because then you've got
the purest form of it
593
00:38:39,388 --> 00:38:41,121
and you don't have
the extra risks
594
00:38:41,155 --> 00:38:43,354
of having the toxins
and the heavy metals
595
00:38:43,388 --> 00:38:45,754
and the saturated fat
and the cholesterol
596
00:38:45,788 --> 00:38:47,621
that you would get
from eating a fish.
597
00:38:47,655 --> 00:38:49,621
[Kate Winslet]
A peer-reviewed study
598
00:38:49,655 --> 00:38:52,521
from researchers at Scripps
Institution of Oceanography
599
00:38:52,555 --> 00:38:54,687
at UC San Diego,
600
00:38:54,722 --> 00:38:56,821
undertook one
of the largest studies
601
00:38:56,855 --> 00:38:58,421
of fish pollutants in the world.
602
00:38:58,855 --> 00:39:01,821
The scientists found
toxic contaminants in fish
603
00:39:01,855 --> 00:39:04,287
right across
the planet's oceans.
604
00:39:04,322 --> 00:39:07,321
Nobody would go
to the nearest body of water
605
00:39:07,355 --> 00:39:10,154
and put in like a cup
and drink the water.
606
00:39:10,588 --> 00:39:14,087
Um, you're basically getting
the concentrated toxins
607
00:39:14,122 --> 00:39:15,354
if we're eating fish.
608
00:39:15,988 --> 00:39:18,821
[Kate Winslet]
Our oceans have
also become filled
609
00:39:18,855 --> 00:39:19,854
with plastic.
610
00:39:20,522 --> 00:39:22,687
As the oceans are so large,
611
00:39:22,722 --> 00:39:25,787
it is a challenge
for any scientist
to accurately understand
612
00:39:25,822 --> 00:39:28,521
where most of this plastic
is coming from.
613
00:39:29,088 --> 00:39:31,121
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch,
614
00:39:31,155 --> 00:39:35,554
covering an area of about
1.6 million square kilometers,
615
00:39:35,588 --> 00:39:38,654
may provide a unique opportunity
to better understand
616
00:39:38,688 --> 00:39:42,187
the growing problem
of microplastics in the sea.
617
00:39:42,988 --> 00:39:46,754
A team of scientists from
the organization Ocean Cleanup
618
00:39:46,788 --> 00:39:48,921
have been studying
the Patch for some time
619
00:39:49,355 --> 00:39:50,887
and were surprised
when they discovered
620
00:39:50,922 --> 00:39:53,387
that the vast majority
of plastic in the Patch
621
00:39:53,422 --> 00:39:57,387
is not from old drinking straws
or used plastic water bottles,
622
00:39:57,422 --> 00:40:00,887
but from thousands of tons
of discarded fishing gear
623
00:40:00,922 --> 00:40:05,921
broken down by the sea
into trillions of pieces
of microplastic.
624
00:40:05,955 --> 00:40:09,521
A study, recently published
in the journal, Nature,
625
00:40:09,555 --> 00:40:13,087
found that about 80 percent
of the plastic in the Pacific
626
00:40:13,122 --> 00:40:15,554
is made up
of discarded fishing gear.
627
00:40:15,955 --> 00:40:19,054
Many scientists agree
that one of the greatest things
628
00:40:19,088 --> 00:40:23,754
we as individuals can do
to solve this problem
of a plastic ocean
629
00:40:23,788 --> 00:40:25,621
is to move away from eating fish
630
00:40:25,655 --> 00:40:27,721
and switch
to a plant-based diet.
631
00:40:27,755 --> 00:40:31,387
At least half
of the plastic in the sea today
632
00:40:31,422 --> 00:40:35,554
comes from discarded
or lost fishing gear.
633
00:40:36,188 --> 00:40:40,187
Because all those nets,
all those lines, all that stuff,
634
00:40:40,222 --> 00:40:44,787
it's just become
a plasticized ocean,
635
00:40:44,822 --> 00:40:46,154
but we have a chance.
636
00:40:46,622 --> 00:40:49,887
We have a chance right now
to change our eating habits.
637
00:40:50,555 --> 00:40:52,454
[light dramatic music]
638
00:40:52,488 --> 00:40:55,287
[Prof. Lindeque]
There's an estimate
that there's over five trillion
639
00:40:55,322 --> 00:40:58,121
tons of plastic currently
floating in the ocean.
640
00:40:58,155 --> 00:40:59,621
It's absolutely everywhere.
641
00:40:59,655 --> 00:41:02,121
Everywhere we looked,
we found microplastics,
642
00:41:02,155 --> 00:41:05,654
whether it's at the polar
regions, in remote islands.
643
00:41:05,688 --> 00:41:08,621
Also, if we're looking
on the surface or the seabed
644
00:41:08,655 --> 00:41:12,187
and everywhere in between,
we find microplastics.
645
00:41:12,222 --> 00:41:14,221
We've also found microplastics
646
00:41:14,255 --> 00:41:16,987
in just about every animal
group that we've looked in.
647
00:41:17,555 --> 00:41:20,787
We've been sampling
for microplastics
for quite a while now,
648
00:41:20,822 --> 00:41:24,654
and we found that there's
27 times more bits of plastic
649
00:41:24,688 --> 00:41:26,121
than there are fish larvae.
650
00:41:26,155 --> 00:41:28,054
[Kate Winslet]
Microplankton are found
651
00:41:28,088 --> 00:41:29,487
throughout the oceans.
652
00:41:30,022 --> 00:41:31,487
They are filter feeders.
653
00:41:31,522 --> 00:41:33,787
When the researchers
add microplastics
654
00:41:33,822 --> 00:41:37,887
into the plankton's environment,
they consistently observe them
655
00:41:37,922 --> 00:41:40,121
ingesting the plastic particles.
656
00:41:40,722 --> 00:41:44,554
Unaware that the tiny particles
are made up of toxic chemicals,
657
00:41:44,588 --> 00:41:48,054
the plankton consume them
indiscriminately.
658
00:41:49,588 --> 00:41:52,554
The researchers observe
how the chemicals accumulate
659
00:41:52,588 --> 00:41:55,387
within the organs
of these small marine creatures.
660
00:41:55,822 --> 00:41:59,454
The toxic plankton
are then eaten by larger fish,
661
00:41:59,488 --> 00:42:02,021
and researchers have
found that much of the fish
662
00:42:02,055 --> 00:42:05,021
that we are eating today
has bioaccumulated
663
00:42:05,055 --> 00:42:07,587
these chemicals
within their flesh.
664
00:42:07,622 --> 00:42:10,154
[mellow music]
665
00:42:24,422 --> 00:42:26,754
[Kate Winslet]
A study by the University
of Plymouth
666
00:42:26,788 --> 00:42:29,854
found that over a third
of all the fish tested
667
00:42:29,888 --> 00:42:32,187
contained microplastics.
668
00:42:32,955 --> 00:42:35,187
As we eat
these contaminated fish,
669
00:42:35,222 --> 00:42:39,054
we ingest the same toxic
chemicals into our bodies,
670
00:42:39,088 --> 00:42:44,254
and recent research suggests
similar toxic accumulation
in humans.
671
00:42:47,788 --> 00:42:50,454
[suspenseful music]
672
00:43:02,870 --> 00:43:04,669
[Mr. Rifkin]
Our scientists tell us
we're now
673
00:43:04,722 --> 00:43:06,169
in the sixth extinction event
674
00:43:06,203 --> 00:43:07,636
of life on this Earth.
675
00:43:08,537 --> 00:43:10,369
It doesn't even
make the headlines.
676
00:43:11,770 --> 00:43:12,902
No one even knows about it.
677
00:43:12,937 --> 00:43:15,302
[soft exotic music]
678
00:43:55,470 --> 00:43:57,769
[gentle music]
679
00:44:02,870 --> 00:44:05,336
[somber piano music]
680
00:44:11,970 --> 00:44:13,302
[bird hooting]
681
00:44:23,603 --> 00:44:25,002
[bird chirping]
682
00:44:29,270 --> 00:44:30,802
[distant hooting]
683
00:44:46,470 --> 00:44:48,669
[somber piano music continues]
684
00:45:03,770 --> 00:45:06,036
[music fades]
685
00:45:07,037 --> 00:45:10,169
[Mr. Rifkin]
We've had five mass
extinction events
686
00:45:10,203 --> 00:45:12,802
on this planet
in 450 million years.
687
00:45:12,837 --> 00:45:15,936
Let me be clear on this,
the last time we had
688
00:45:15,970 --> 00:45:18,269
an extinction event
of this magnitude,
689
00:45:18,670 --> 00:45:21,136
was 65 million years ago.
690
00:45:21,170 --> 00:45:27,036
It's incredibly sad to realize
just how-- how many species, um,
691
00:45:27,070 --> 00:45:30,936
both in the oceans and on land
that we're losing at the moment,
692
00:45:30,970 --> 00:45:34,902
um, and it's up
to all of us to make sure,
693
00:45:34,937 --> 00:45:37,202
that, um, this doesn't
happen in the future.
694
00:45:37,237 --> 00:45:40,969
[Mr. Poore]
Today, over 26,000 species
695
00:45:41,003 --> 00:45:42,836
are currently threatened
with extinction,
696
00:45:42,870 --> 00:45:44,869
and the most important
driver of that
697
00:45:44,903 --> 00:45:46,902
is our use of land
for agriculture.
698
00:45:46,937 --> 00:45:49,869
Over time, um,
livestock have been a major,
699
00:45:49,903 --> 00:45:52,169
major driver
of biodiversity loss.
700
00:45:52,203 --> 00:45:54,536
[Mr. Wedderburn-Bisshop]
Some have predicted
that by 2045,
701
00:45:54,570 --> 00:45:58,236
the species loss will be so
great that we won't recover.
702
00:45:58,270 --> 00:46:01,069
The Earth will suffer
ecological collapse.
703
00:46:01,103 --> 00:46:03,336
And the biggest thing
you and I can do...
704
00:46:04,003 --> 00:46:05,669
is change our diet.
705
00:46:06,137 --> 00:46:09,802
[Kate Winslet]
Some scientists have begun
to call this current crisis
706
00:46:10,403 --> 00:46:12,469
a "biological annihilation."
707
00:46:12,503 --> 00:46:14,302
[soft somber music]
708
00:46:14,337 --> 00:46:17,102
According to the journal,
Science of the Total Environment
709
00:46:17,137 --> 00:46:19,469
from Florida
International University,
710
00:46:19,503 --> 00:46:24,269
livestock farming is the leading
cause of biodiversity loss.
711
00:46:26,970 --> 00:46:30,002
According to a study published
in the journal Science,
712
00:46:30,037 --> 00:46:31,902
if the entire
world were to switch
713
00:46:31,937 --> 00:46:34,536
to an exclusively
plant-based diet,
714
00:46:34,570 --> 00:46:37,402
we would free up over 75 percent
715
00:46:37,437 --> 00:46:39,169
of the world's arable land,
716
00:46:39,203 --> 00:46:41,402
and many of the forests,
previously cut down
717
00:46:41,437 --> 00:46:44,402
for livestock farming,
could be restored.
718
00:46:44,970 --> 00:46:46,636
There are now
many great initiatives
719
00:46:46,670 --> 00:46:48,502
around the world
doing just that.
720
00:46:49,303 --> 00:46:52,969
Ecosia, an online search
engine similar to Google,
721
00:46:53,003 --> 00:46:55,702
is one such initiative
that uses the revenue made
722
00:46:55,737 --> 00:47:00,236
from advertising to pay local
communities to replant trees.
723
00:47:01,003 --> 00:47:03,936
One of Ecosia's
main foresters is Mauricio,
724
00:47:03,970 --> 00:47:08,002
who has been working hard
to replant the rainforest
in Brazil.
725
00:47:37,270 --> 00:47:40,202
[uplifting music]
726
00:47:43,737 --> 00:47:46,969
[Kate Winslet]
Trees breathe
life into our world.
727
00:47:50,070 --> 00:47:53,369
When we plant a tree,
we sow the very seeds
728
00:47:53,403 --> 00:47:55,836
of our future on this planet.
729
00:48:00,203 --> 00:48:02,636
[somber music]
730
00:48:02,670 --> 00:48:04,202
The most recent in-depth study
731
00:48:04,237 --> 00:48:06,536
into the environmental
impact of what we eat,
732
00:48:06,570 --> 00:48:10,469
was a peer-reviewed journal
by an international team
of researchers.
733
00:48:11,603 --> 00:48:14,869
This landmark study,
headed by Dr. Marco Springmann
734
00:48:14,903 --> 00:48:17,102
of Oxford University in England,
735
00:48:17,137 --> 00:48:19,902
found that in order
to have any chance of keeping
736
00:48:19,937 --> 00:48:23,802
temperatures below the dangerous
two-degrees-Celsius threshold
737
00:48:23,837 --> 00:48:26,402
set out in the Paris
Climate Agreement,
738
00:48:26,437 --> 00:48:29,836
in high-income countries
we need to drastically reduce
739
00:48:29,870 --> 00:48:33,069
our consumption of meat
by around 80 percent.
740
00:48:34,170 --> 00:48:36,036
Policymakers have been
741
00:48:36,470 --> 00:48:40,136
very, very reluctant
to address the livestock issue.
742
00:48:40,170 --> 00:48:44,502
It's entirely out
of keeping with the urgency
743
00:48:44,537 --> 00:48:46,402
of the crisis that we're facing.
744
00:48:46,937 --> 00:48:48,002
[indistinct]
745
00:48:48,037 --> 00:48:50,302
Hi, Otto Brockway
for Broxstar Films.
746
00:48:50,337 --> 00:48:52,469
Um, this is a question
for Commissioner Hogan.
747
00:48:53,070 --> 00:48:55,569
The scientists at Oxford
University have been very clear
748
00:48:55,603 --> 00:48:57,136
that livestock farming
749
00:48:57,170 --> 00:48:59,702
has a far greater impact
than plant-based farming.
750
00:49:00,470 --> 00:49:03,002
With this in mind, would it
not be common sense to reduce
751
00:49:03,037 --> 00:49:05,869
the billions in subsidy
payments to livestock farming
752
00:49:05,903 --> 00:49:08,936
in Europe and offer them
to plant-based farming instead
753
00:49:08,970 --> 00:49:11,936
as an incentive to a much
more sustainable food system?
754
00:49:12,937 --> 00:49:16,869
We have made our proposals
based on protecting the farmers,
755
00:49:16,903 --> 00:49:19,669
because they are,
unlike you and I,
756
00:49:19,703 --> 00:49:21,669
they're out in all sorts
of weathers and all sorts
757
00:49:21,703 --> 00:49:24,169
of market risks,
and you and I may not know
758
00:49:24,203 --> 00:49:26,236
anything about that
because this is their lives.
759
00:49:26,270 --> 00:49:28,836
They're producing
high-quality food for us all
760
00:49:28,870 --> 00:49:31,269
so that we can
have this particular
761
00:49:31,303 --> 00:49:34,036
good-quality products
available to us at all times.
762
00:49:34,737 --> 00:49:36,836
Sometimes under local
conditions like organic,
763
00:49:36,870 --> 00:49:38,836
more times
it's conventional farming.
764
00:49:38,870 --> 00:49:41,469
So we provide financial support
at the moment for that.
765
00:49:41,870 --> 00:49:44,436
And it's a public good
that's not always recognized,
766
00:49:44,470 --> 00:49:47,236
but the movement of our policies
is in the direction
of our farmers
767
00:49:47,270 --> 00:49:49,869
being centrally involved
in providing more public goods.
768
00:49:50,303 --> 00:49:53,402
And if you want to do anything
in life, you have to pay people.
769
00:49:53,737 --> 00:49:55,869
Sometimes I understand
that there's a moral obligation
770
00:49:55,903 --> 00:49:58,636
and there's people of principle,
but most of the time,
771
00:49:58,670 --> 00:50:01,702
99 percent of the time,
they have to get paid.
772
00:50:01,737 --> 00:50:03,936
So as professionals
we're expecting to provide
773
00:50:03,970 --> 00:50:06,736
good-quality food
and do more on public goods.
774
00:50:06,770 --> 00:50:08,302
We pay our farmers.
This is a decision
775
00:50:08,337 --> 00:50:10,369
that we make
at a political level.
776
00:50:11,503 --> 00:50:14,902
[Mr. Rifkin]
Livestock emit methane
and nitrous oxide.
777
00:50:14,937 --> 00:50:16,802
Now most people, when they
think of climate change
778
00:50:16,837 --> 00:50:18,902
they think of CO2,
carbon dioxide,
779
00:50:18,937 --> 00:50:21,769
which is a very potent
global warming gas.
780
00:50:21,803 --> 00:50:25,802
But methane
is 25 times more potent
781
00:50:25,837 --> 00:50:29,036
per molecule
when it's released than CO2.
782
00:50:29,503 --> 00:50:33,469
And nitrous oxide
is 298 times more potent
783
00:50:33,503 --> 00:50:34,869
per molecule than CO2.
784
00:50:35,137 --> 00:50:37,902
These are very powerful
global warming gases.
785
00:50:37,937 --> 00:50:40,569
[Mr. Brockway]
So today we have
a very special camera
786
00:50:40,603 --> 00:50:42,869
called a hyperspectral
imaging camera,
787
00:50:42,903 --> 00:50:46,336
and it basically enables us
to be able to see
788
00:50:46,370 --> 00:50:49,902
gases that would be otherwise
invisible to the naked eye.
789
00:50:49,937 --> 00:50:52,369
And today we're looking
at methane gas.
790
00:50:52,403 --> 00:50:56,969
Methane is a gas
that is being produced
by cows when they belch.
791
00:50:57,003 --> 00:50:59,169
[Kate Winslet]
Methane, together
with the other gases
792
00:50:59,203 --> 00:51:01,002
it produces in the atmosphere,
793
00:51:01,037 --> 00:51:05,236
has caused a third
of global warming since 1750.
794
00:51:05,270 --> 00:51:09,936
Livestock are the largest source
of methane that we can control.
795
00:51:09,970 --> 00:51:13,369
Steep cuts in methane emissions
can slow global warming
796
00:51:13,403 --> 00:51:17,736
by 15 to 25 years, making it
the most effective means
797
00:51:17,770 --> 00:51:21,569
we have to slow warming
in the critical years ahead.
798
00:51:22,137 --> 00:51:24,302
-Whoa, look at that.
-Wow.
799
00:51:24,337 --> 00:51:27,236
[ominous music]
800
00:51:27,270 --> 00:51:28,469
[both]
Wow.
801
00:51:29,870 --> 00:51:31,569
[Kate Winslet]
To demonstrate
the different heating potentials
802
00:51:31,603 --> 00:51:34,536
of climate gases,
we can look to an experiment
803
00:51:34,570 --> 00:51:37,369
known as the "infrared
absorption experiment."
804
00:51:38,070 --> 00:51:41,936
Here we see four
Earth-shaped ice statues,
805
00:51:41,970 --> 00:51:44,802
each one in its own
airtight chamber.
806
00:51:45,737 --> 00:51:47,669
The chambers
represent the atmosphere
807
00:51:47,703 --> 00:51:49,402
surrounding the planet.
808
00:51:49,770 --> 00:51:52,669
Each has an infrared
heater placed above it,
809
00:51:52,703 --> 00:51:54,902
set at identical temperatures,
810
00:51:54,937 --> 00:51:58,736
and each one is then filled
with a different gas.
811
00:51:58,770 --> 00:52:01,402
[gas hissing]
812
00:52:06,237 --> 00:52:08,569
The first chamber
is filled with normal air
813
00:52:08,603 --> 00:52:10,602
that we breathe from day to day.
814
00:52:12,003 --> 00:52:15,569
The second chamber
is filled with carbon dioxide,
815
00:52:15,603 --> 00:52:17,802
a well-known
climate warming gas.
816
00:52:18,570 --> 00:52:21,602
The third chamber
is filled with methane,
817
00:52:21,637 --> 00:52:24,269
a gas associated
with animal agriculture,
818
00:52:24,303 --> 00:52:28,169
and the fourth chamber
is filled with nitrous oxide,
819
00:52:28,203 --> 00:52:31,736
also a gas associated
with animal agriculture.
820
00:52:31,770 --> 00:52:36,269
Over time, we begin
to see the ice statue
in the carbon dioxide chamber
821
00:52:36,303 --> 00:52:39,402
slightly melting,
compared with the normal air.
822
00:52:39,737 --> 00:52:41,669
But in the same short time,
823
00:52:41,703 --> 00:52:45,002
the statues in the methane
and nitrous oxide chambers
824
00:52:45,037 --> 00:52:46,636
begin to melt rapidly
825
00:52:46,670 --> 00:52:49,736
as the temperature
inside rises considerably higher
826
00:52:49,770 --> 00:52:53,269
than both the normal air,
and also the carbon dioxide.
827
00:52:54,037 --> 00:52:57,069
16 hours later,
the results are stark.
828
00:52:57,103 --> 00:53:00,702
We can clearly see that
the methane and nitrous oxide,
829
00:53:00,737 --> 00:53:03,836
the two main gas byproducts
of animal agriculture,
830
00:53:03,870 --> 00:53:06,769
are potent
climate warming gases.
831
00:53:10,270 --> 00:53:12,236
[somber music]
832
00:53:12,270 --> 00:53:15,036
Of the estimated
70 billion land animals
833
00:53:15,070 --> 00:53:18,969
reared for human consumption
each year around the world,
834
00:53:19,003 --> 00:53:22,236
nearly 90 percent are chickens.
835
00:53:23,637 --> 00:53:26,369
An emerging problem
is that chicken consumption
836
00:53:26,403 --> 00:53:28,136
is now on the rise.
837
00:53:29,003 --> 00:53:32,269
Whilst chicken has
a lower environmental
impact than red meat,
838
00:53:32,803 --> 00:53:35,336
over 90 percent
of chicken globally
839
00:53:35,370 --> 00:53:37,602
is now intensively farmed,
840
00:53:37,637 --> 00:53:40,669
and this is having devastating
effects on our planet.
841
00:53:41,837 --> 00:53:43,902
If we compare
the equivalent protein calories
842
00:53:43,937 --> 00:53:47,902
for meat and plant-based
proteins, such as chickpeas,
843
00:53:47,937 --> 00:53:50,402
chicken does less harm
to the environment
844
00:53:50,437 --> 00:53:52,702
than commonly
consumed red meats.
845
00:53:53,003 --> 00:53:57,736
And yet, still causes 40 times
more climate-related warming
846
00:53:57,770 --> 00:54:00,636
per calorie of protein
than chickpeas,
847
00:54:00,670 --> 00:54:03,436
and uses 50 times
the amount of water.
848
00:54:04,437 --> 00:54:08,702
We know that if we would shift
from, um, ruminant meats
849
00:54:08,737 --> 00:54:12,569
to other meats,
then we probably would reduce
850
00:54:12,603 --> 00:54:15,769
our footprint just from--
from that particular product
851
00:54:15,803 --> 00:54:19,002
by about a factor of ten,
which is quite a bit.
852
00:54:19,037 --> 00:54:20,702
But if you compare that
853
00:54:20,737 --> 00:54:23,469
with how much you would
reduce your footprint
854
00:54:23,503 --> 00:54:25,469
if you went
to plant-based products,
855
00:54:25,503 --> 00:54:28,469
that is about a factor of 100,
856
00:54:28,503 --> 00:54:30,936
and that's the reason
why shifting to more--
857
00:54:30,970 --> 00:54:33,802
towards more plant-based diets
has such a big impact,
858
00:54:33,837 --> 00:54:36,269
because we're really talking
about different scales here.
859
00:54:36,803 --> 00:54:38,769
[Kate Winslet]
Organic meat has been
claimed to have
860
00:54:38,803 --> 00:54:41,369
less environmental
and climate impact.
861
00:54:41,937 --> 00:54:45,602
However, a study
carried out by researchers
at Oxford University,
862
00:54:45,637 --> 00:54:49,802
found that, in fact, organic
or conventionally produced meat
863
00:54:49,837 --> 00:54:53,269
has little
significant difference
in greenhouse emissions.
864
00:54:53,303 --> 00:54:55,269
So in our data,
we didn't find...
865
00:54:55,703 --> 00:54:58,502
big differences
between organic and conventional
866
00:54:58,537 --> 00:55:01,002
across multiple indicators.
867
00:55:01,037 --> 00:55:03,036
What we did find
is that no matter
868
00:55:03,070 --> 00:55:07,836
how you produce animal products,
even the lowest impact
forms of production
869
00:55:07,870 --> 00:55:12,169
still create higher emissions
and use more land
870
00:55:12,570 --> 00:55:14,802
than typical vegetable proteins.
871
00:55:14,837 --> 00:55:16,969
So that's saying something
really important, that's saying
872
00:55:17,003 --> 00:55:19,636
that even if you go into
the shops and try and purchase
873
00:55:19,670 --> 00:55:22,236
sustainable meat or dairy,
it's always going to be better
874
00:55:22,270 --> 00:55:24,536
to purchase vegetable
proteins instead.
875
00:55:24,937 --> 00:55:27,869
[Kate Winslet]
Each year the US Government
gives around $20 million
876
00:55:27,903 --> 00:55:30,202
to subsidize fruit
and vegetable farming,
877
00:55:30,603 --> 00:55:35,702
but meat and dairy farming
get a massive $38 billion
878
00:55:35,737 --> 00:55:37,236
from the government.
879
00:55:37,270 --> 00:55:39,436
It is now estimated
that the annual cost
880
00:55:39,470 --> 00:55:43,869
to the US taxpayer
of diseases related to meat
and dairy consumption
881
00:55:43,903 --> 00:55:48,302
are now around $314 billion.
882
00:55:51,337 --> 00:55:53,636
[light dramatic music]
883
00:55:53,670 --> 00:55:56,469
And when you cram,
tens of thousands
884
00:55:56,503 --> 00:55:59,936
of animals in these crammed,
filthy, unhygienic conditions,
885
00:55:59,970 --> 00:56:03,902
basically live atop
their feces, it's just
like a breeding ground.
886
00:56:03,937 --> 00:56:06,602
Animal-to-human diseases
that arise
887
00:56:06,637 --> 00:56:08,802
are because of the way
we're now treating animals.
888
00:56:08,837 --> 00:56:13,202
Whether it's these live
animal markets in East Asia,
889
00:56:13,237 --> 00:56:15,502
whether it's the bushmeat trade,
890
00:56:15,537 --> 00:56:19,802
the concern is that with enough
spins at genetic roulette
891
00:56:19,837 --> 00:56:23,436
on these swine factory farms,
these chicken factory farms,
892
00:56:23,470 --> 00:56:26,269
we're going to end up
with one of these viruses
893
00:56:26,303 --> 00:56:29,602
that's not only deadly
to chickens, but can jump
894
00:56:29,637 --> 00:56:33,169
and transmit human to human and
cause the next human pandemic.
895
00:56:33,937 --> 00:56:38,436
The risk of large-scale factory
farming increases the risk
896
00:56:38,470 --> 00:56:41,702
that we-- or the likelihood
that we might have a pandemic,
897
00:56:41,737 --> 00:56:44,202
particularly,
of influenza in the future.
898
00:56:44,237 --> 00:56:46,336
This pandemic
has been very severe,
899
00:56:46,370 --> 00:56:48,502
but this is not
necessarily the big one.
900
00:56:49,037 --> 00:56:52,369
[Kate Winslet]
Swine flu, which killed
over half a million people
901
00:56:52,403 --> 00:56:55,202
is believed to have
originated in pig farming.
902
00:56:55,637 --> 00:56:58,436
AIDS and the Ebola virus
are believed to have come
903
00:56:58,470 --> 00:57:02,202
from eating wild animals,
while MERS from camels,
904
00:57:02,237 --> 00:57:04,602
and also camels' milk and meat.
905
00:57:04,637 --> 00:57:08,502
SARS is thought to have spread
from live animal wet markets
906
00:57:08,537 --> 00:57:11,569
as was the recent
COVID-19 pandemic.
907
00:57:11,603 --> 00:57:15,002
Bird flu is believed
to have come from chicken farms
908
00:57:15,037 --> 00:57:17,236
and also live animal
wet markets.
909
00:57:17,270 --> 00:57:21,136
And the measles virus
is thought to have originated
from farm cows.
910
00:57:21,170 --> 00:57:25,469
[Dr. Greatorex]
People know now what
a global pandemic feels like,
911
00:57:25,503 --> 00:57:28,536
and they've seen the effects.
They will be feeling the effects
912
00:57:28,570 --> 00:57:32,202
for many years to come,
and this is a chance,
913
00:57:32,237 --> 00:57:33,902
I think, an opportunity
to point out
914
00:57:33,937 --> 00:57:36,136
that this particular
route of infection
915
00:57:36,170 --> 00:57:38,402
is a-- is a very concerning one.
916
00:57:38,837 --> 00:57:41,269
[Kate Winslet]
The World Health Organization
has announced
917
00:57:41,303 --> 00:57:43,636
that the post-antibiotic era
is near.
918
00:57:44,037 --> 00:57:47,969
A time where a simple scrape
on the arm could become fatal.
919
00:57:48,003 --> 00:57:52,702
Our miracle lifesaving
antibiotics are being
rendered useless
920
00:57:52,737 --> 00:57:56,469
due to overuse, not
because of overuse by humans,
921
00:57:56,837 --> 00:58:00,536
but because we give them each
day to billions of farm animals.
922
00:58:00,570 --> 00:58:03,302
[dramatic music]
923
00:58:20,370 --> 00:58:22,169
[Mr. Bayley]
So having been
a butcher for six years,
924
00:58:22,203 --> 00:58:24,602
one thing I know is that
if people knew what happened
925
00:58:24,637 --> 00:58:27,469
in the production of their food,
they wouldn't eat meat.
926
00:58:30,670 --> 00:58:34,136
So one of the things
that we would hit every day was
927
00:58:34,170 --> 00:58:36,469
pus nodules, tumors, cysts.
928
00:58:36,503 --> 00:58:38,902
It was something that
we would hit on a daily basis.
929
00:58:38,937 --> 00:58:41,369
Having worked
in a supermarket chain,
930
00:58:41,403 --> 00:58:44,869
I was-- I saw this firsthand
every single day.
931
00:58:45,437 --> 00:58:48,236
So here's one that's running
along the shoulder blade.
932
00:58:48,803 --> 00:58:50,436
[both]
Oh!
933
00:58:50,470 --> 00:58:53,369
-Yeah.
-That is what I remember
in the butchery,
934
00:58:53,403 --> 00:58:56,436
it comes out
like thick toothpaste.
935
00:58:56,870 --> 00:58:58,869
I remember that
every single day.
936
00:58:58,903 --> 00:59:01,069
-That's interesting to hear
you had that experience...
-Yeah.
937
00:59:01,103 --> 00:59:04,269
...all the way over there
because in the UK
it's exactly the same.
938
00:59:04,303 --> 00:59:07,036
-Yeah.
-We would see that
on a daily basis.
939
00:59:07,070 --> 00:59:10,636
But those people who say,
"It's-- it's not my butcher
who does this."
940
00:59:10,670 --> 00:59:12,669
-No.
-They need to open
their eyes,
941
00:59:12,703 --> 00:59:15,869
because if their butcher is
being honest with them, we know.
942
00:59:15,903 --> 00:59:17,602
-Yeah.
-We both know, we were in,
943
00:59:17,637 --> 00:59:19,802
-and any honest butcher
is going to admit it.
-Yeah.
944
00:59:19,837 --> 00:59:22,002
They're not going to want
to tell the public because
it's going to affect
945
00:59:22,037 --> 00:59:24,036
-their business,
but it is a fact.
-Yeah.
946
00:59:24,070 --> 00:59:26,136
And me working
in multiple butcheries,
947
00:59:26,170 --> 00:59:28,436
I saw these common trends
across the board,
948
00:59:28,470 --> 00:59:30,569
so I know that it wasn't
just isolated to the one
949
00:59:30,603 --> 00:59:33,202
that I was working in,
it was across the board for me.
950
00:59:33,237 --> 00:59:35,269
People need to reconnect
with what they're eating
951
00:59:35,303 --> 00:59:37,336
-and the whole process
that we were...
-Yeah.
952
00:59:37,370 --> 00:59:40,502
...we're talking about here
of how that food gets to them.
953
00:59:40,537 --> 00:59:43,536
Um, it's hidden from them,
and it's hidden for a reason,
954
00:59:43,570 --> 00:59:47,936
because if they saw it, it would
most definitely make them
955
00:59:47,970 --> 00:59:50,202
want to think harder
about what they're eating.
956
00:59:51,103 --> 00:59:52,736
[thunder rumbling]
957
00:59:52,770 --> 00:59:54,902
[water rushing]
958
00:59:56,370 --> 00:59:59,369
[Kate Winslet]
As our oceans and atmosphere
begin to warm,
959
00:59:59,403 --> 01:00:02,736
the water cycles of the planet
are beginning to change.
960
01:00:02,770 --> 01:00:04,702
[ominous music]
961
01:00:04,737 --> 01:00:08,536
[Mr. Rifkin]
Climate change changes
the water cycles of the planet.
962
01:00:08,570 --> 01:00:10,169
The heat that's being generated
963
01:00:10,203 --> 01:00:12,669
is forcing the precipitation
into the clouds,
964
01:00:12,703 --> 01:00:16,469
so we're getting more
concentrated precipitation
in our clouds,
965
01:00:16,503 --> 01:00:18,702
and more dramatic, extreme,
966
01:00:18,737 --> 01:00:22,236
and unpredictable water events
all over the world.
967
01:00:23,170 --> 01:00:27,002
[Kate Winslet]
In the northern region of the
remote Pacific island of Taiwan,
968
01:00:27,037 --> 01:00:30,336
the Atayal people live
high in the mountains.
969
01:00:31,237 --> 01:00:33,769
Taiwan is no stranger
to extreme weather,
970
01:00:34,470 --> 01:00:36,969
but in recent years
the strength and frequency
971
01:00:37,003 --> 01:00:39,502
of the typhoons have increased.
972
01:00:39,937 --> 01:00:42,002
This has had
a devastating effect
973
01:00:42,037 --> 01:00:45,036
on the Atayal people
and their way of life.
974
01:01:05,203 --> 01:01:07,302
[dramatic music]
975
01:01:09,403 --> 01:01:10,669
[water rushing]
976
01:01:11,703 --> 01:01:12,669
[thunder rumbling]
977
01:01:12,703 --> 01:01:13,936
[water splattering]
978
01:01:30,670 --> 01:01:31,869
[car crashing]
979
01:01:35,003 --> 01:01:37,136
[crowd yelling indistinctly]
980
01:01:58,670 --> 01:02:00,936
[Kate Winslet]
Whilst much of the world
has been experiencing
981
01:02:00,970 --> 01:02:03,102
increasing levels
of extreme flooding,
982
01:02:03,137 --> 01:02:06,269
in many places,
the opposite is happening.
983
01:02:06,937 --> 01:02:09,136
Much of the world
is increasingly entering
984
01:02:09,170 --> 01:02:13,236
into extreme drought, destroying
thousands of tons of crop,
985
01:02:13,270 --> 01:02:15,869
as millions of farmers
struggle to find
986
01:02:15,903 --> 01:02:17,802
enough water for their fields.
987
01:02:18,370 --> 01:02:20,436
[Mr. Michael]
I'm definitely worried
about the future of our farm.
988
01:02:20,470 --> 01:02:23,036
I think we're seeing,
you know, much more, uh--
989
01:02:23,070 --> 01:02:25,369
many more swings in climate
than we've seen in the past,
990
01:02:25,403 --> 01:02:28,669
but we want to use all the land
that we have to grow food,
991
01:02:28,703 --> 01:02:33,136
but we haven't been
able to just because
of the shortages of water.
992
01:02:33,170 --> 01:02:36,036
It will have an impact
on food supply and prices
993
01:02:36,070 --> 01:02:38,836
and availability,
and so estimates now are
994
01:02:38,870 --> 01:02:42,236
between 500,000 to over
1,000,000 acres of farmland
995
01:02:42,270 --> 01:02:44,636
that will come out
of production in California.
996
01:02:44,670 --> 01:02:47,169
[light dramatic music]
997
01:02:54,070 --> 01:02:56,202
[Kate Winslet]
Almeria, in the south of Spain,
998
01:02:56,237 --> 01:03:00,702
is home to 31,000 hectares
of indoor vegetable farms.
999
01:03:02,103 --> 01:03:04,369
Almeria produces
half of Europe's fresh fruit
1000
01:03:04,403 --> 01:03:06,936
and vegetables,
an essential component
1001
01:03:06,970 --> 01:03:09,636
in the supply
of the continent's food system.
1002
01:03:09,670 --> 01:03:14,102
Worryingly, Spain has been in
the grip of a 20-year drought,
1003
01:03:14,137 --> 01:03:16,969
a drought
that climate experts suggest
1004
01:03:17,003 --> 01:03:19,702
is closely linked
to climate change.
1005
01:03:21,970 --> 01:03:24,136
[translation] In terms of water,
the truth is that the drought
1006
01:03:24,170 --> 01:03:26,569
in Spain has become
a complete catastrophe.
1007
01:03:27,570 --> 01:03:30,502
Our harvests are decreasing
in massive quantities.
1008
01:03:31,303 --> 01:03:33,969
Last year,
in the area we are now,
1009
01:03:34,003 --> 01:03:35,769
there was almost no harvest.
1010
01:03:36,403 --> 01:03:39,269
People don't realize
the food system is collapsing.
1011
01:03:39,303 --> 01:03:41,069
[dramatic music continues]
1012
01:03:41,903 --> 01:03:45,236
[Kate Winslet]
As a result of this shift
in the global climate system,
1013
01:03:45,270 --> 01:03:47,436
the drought
across Africa has deepened.
1014
01:03:48,037 --> 01:03:50,669
Rivers and lakes
that supply hundreds of millions
1015
01:03:50,703 --> 01:03:54,236
with fresh drinking water
are beginning to run dry.
1016
01:03:55,470 --> 01:03:58,602
As new conflicts break out
over these dwindling resources,
1017
01:03:58,637 --> 01:04:02,069
we are witnessing the beginning
of a mass exodus of people
1018
01:04:02,103 --> 01:04:05,036
moving north,
desperate to survive.
1019
01:04:05,603 --> 01:04:09,036
These climate refugees
are willing to risk everything
1020
01:04:09,070 --> 01:04:12,369
to get themselves and their
families to what they see
1021
01:04:12,403 --> 01:04:14,269
as the safe shores of Europe.
1022
01:04:14,737 --> 01:04:17,869
In response to this modern day
mass migration,
1023
01:04:17,903 --> 01:04:20,036
Spain has built a massive wall
1024
01:04:20,070 --> 01:04:23,602
that runs along its
southernmost border in Melilla.
1025
01:04:25,003 --> 01:04:27,769
Thousands of refugees
are beginning to swarm
1026
01:04:27,803 --> 01:04:31,469
the border fences,
overwhelming the Spanish police.
1027
01:04:36,370 --> 01:04:38,202
Amid predictions
that this migratory pattern
1028
01:04:38,237 --> 01:04:41,336
is set to increase,
it seems increasingly clear
1029
01:04:41,370 --> 01:04:44,702
that our world
is poorly prepared to cope.
1030
01:04:45,203 --> 01:04:47,469
[music fades]
1031
01:04:49,603 --> 01:04:51,702
[wind blowing]
1032
01:04:59,437 --> 01:05:01,569
[hoofs thudding]
1033
01:05:07,437 --> 01:05:10,769
[somber spiritual music]
1034
01:05:26,970 --> 01:05:29,136
[Kate Winslet]
As the Gobi Desert in Mongolia
1035
01:05:29,170 --> 01:05:31,102
begins to spread deeper
and deeper
1036
01:05:31,137 --> 01:05:35,169
into the country, like a beast
consuming all life in its path,
1037
01:05:35,203 --> 01:05:37,636
many of the lakes
that support both the people
1038
01:05:37,670 --> 01:05:40,269
and the wildlife
have now dried up.
1039
01:05:40,303 --> 01:05:42,902
If the lakes
continue to disappear,
1040
01:05:42,937 --> 01:05:45,602
then the people will be
forced away from their home
1041
01:05:45,637 --> 01:05:48,469
and into distant
and strange lands.
1042
01:05:50,170 --> 01:05:51,569
[liquid splattering]
1043
01:05:55,170 --> 01:05:57,836
[gentle spiritual music]
1044
01:06:44,803 --> 01:06:47,502
A lot of people talk
about how much fresh water
1045
01:06:47,537 --> 01:06:50,036
we use for hydrofracking.
1046
01:06:50,070 --> 01:06:55,169
700 billion gallons
globally is wasted on fracking.
1047
01:06:55,670 --> 01:07:00,069
So, 700 billion gallons.
Sounds like a lot,
1048
01:07:00,103 --> 01:07:02,069
but animal agriculture,
1049
01:07:02,103 --> 01:07:06,536
the production of animals that
we use for meat around the globe
1050
01:07:06,570 --> 01:07:12,369
uses 70 trillion gallons
of fresh water a year.
1051
01:07:12,403 --> 01:07:15,002
Hundreds of thousands of times
1052
01:07:15,037 --> 01:07:16,736
as much as fracking.
1053
01:07:16,770 --> 01:07:19,702
And we give the cows and the
chickens the good stuff, right?
1054
01:07:19,737 --> 01:07:22,736
They don't get the Flint,
Michigan lead-tainted,
1055
01:07:22,770 --> 01:07:25,102
condoms-floating-in-it water.
1056
01:07:25,137 --> 01:07:26,702
They get the top shelf stuff,
1057
01:07:26,737 --> 01:07:28,636
because we don't want
to screw up our sausage links.
1058
01:07:28,670 --> 01:07:30,602
And I know what some of you
are thinking right now.
1059
01:07:30,637 --> 01:07:32,269
You're thinking,
"Oh, here's the part...
1060
01:07:32,303 --> 01:07:34,502
[with high-pitched voice]
'I'm a vegetarian and pigs
1061
01:07:34,537 --> 01:07:36,602
are people too, meh!'"
1062
01:07:36,637 --> 01:07:40,369
But no, let's ignore
how the animals are treated
1063
01:07:40,403 --> 01:07:42,136
in our factory torture farming.
1064
01:07:42,170 --> 01:07:45,102
Let's pretend they're treated
amazing, for just a minute.
1065
01:07:45,137 --> 01:07:47,469
It's like a celebrity
backstage at the Oscars,
1066
01:07:47,503 --> 01:07:49,002
they're just being fawned over
1067
01:07:49,037 --> 01:07:52,036
and they get swag bags
with free Apple watches...
1068
01:07:52,070 --> 01:07:55,102
Point is, you should still be
upset about this
1069
01:07:55,137 --> 01:07:58,169
because animal agriculture
is killing us,
1070
01:07:58,203 --> 01:08:02,769
and corporate media
is fantastically pathetic
on this topic.
1071
01:08:02,803 --> 01:08:05,502
They never mention
meat production.
1072
01:08:05,537 --> 01:08:08,002
They never mention
that a Quarter Pounder
1073
01:08:08,037 --> 01:08:12,469
takes 660 gallons
of fresh water to create.
1074
01:08:12,503 --> 01:08:15,036
That's the-- that's
the equivalent of showering
1075
01:08:15,070 --> 01:08:16,336
for two months.
1076
01:08:16,370 --> 01:08:19,236
So, one, usually underestimated
1077
01:08:19,270 --> 01:08:21,902
impact of livestock production
1078
01:08:21,937 --> 01:08:24,969
is the huge amount
of fresh water required
1079
01:08:25,003 --> 01:08:28,269
for that production to be
maintained and to be increased.
1080
01:08:28,303 --> 01:08:32,102
The problem is that in many
places, water is being used
1081
01:08:32,137 --> 01:08:35,336
much faster
than the natural renewal rates.
1082
01:08:35,370 --> 01:08:39,602
Overall, in the world,
1.8 billion people
1083
01:08:39,637 --> 01:08:42,102
are living in areas
with severe water scarcity.
1084
01:08:42,137 --> 01:08:45,002
The livestock sector
is the single biggest water
user in the world.
1085
01:08:45,037 --> 01:08:48,669
1/3 of the water use
in the world is being used
1086
01:08:48,703 --> 01:08:51,702
for producing animal products,
meat and dairy,
1087
01:08:51,737 --> 01:08:53,802
and it's not because
those animals drink so much,
1088
01:08:53,837 --> 01:08:56,202
it's really because there's
a lot of water required
1089
01:08:56,237 --> 01:08:57,902
to make the feed
for the animals.
1090
01:08:57,937 --> 01:09:01,369
If we want enough fresh water
for future generations,
1091
01:09:02,203 --> 01:09:05,869
water alone dictates
that we must change our diet,
1092
01:09:05,903 --> 01:09:07,502
away from meat and dairy.
1093
01:09:09,203 --> 01:09:12,202
[Kate Winslet]
All over the world we can
see evidence of a global shift
1094
01:09:12,237 --> 01:09:16,102
towards animal-free foods that
is enough to give us some hope.
1095
01:09:16,470 --> 01:09:21,402
In 2021, a record
580,000 people signed up
1096
01:09:21,437 --> 01:09:25,069
to the UK's Veganuary campaign,
and it's estimated
1097
01:09:25,103 --> 01:09:27,536
that there are now
over four million people
1098
01:09:27,570 --> 01:09:30,469
identifying as vegan
across the United Kingdom.
1099
01:09:30,503 --> 01:09:34,436
In Canada, it's estimated
that ten percent
of the population
1100
01:09:34,470 --> 01:09:36,936
are now either vegan
or vegetarian,
1101
01:09:36,970 --> 01:09:40,302
and in the US,
over 50 percent of chefs
1102
01:09:40,337 --> 01:09:42,602
have added vegan items
to their menus,
1103
01:09:42,637 --> 01:09:44,802
with a 600 percent increase
1104
01:09:44,837 --> 01:09:47,669
in the vegan lifestyle
in the last three years.
1105
01:09:47,703 --> 01:09:48,802
[onion slicing]
1106
01:09:49,403 --> 01:09:51,769
[playful music]
1107
01:09:51,803 --> 01:09:52,802
[oil sizzling]
1108
01:09:55,703 --> 01:09:58,036
[Mr. Brockway]
A few years ago,
it was quite a challenge
1109
01:09:58,070 --> 01:10:01,369
to get hold of good vegan food,
but today we're pretty
much spoiled
1110
01:10:01,403 --> 01:10:04,002
for choice, and there are
vegan options everywhere.
1111
01:10:04,037 --> 01:10:05,636
-Mm.
-Yeah, thanks.
1112
01:10:06,070 --> 01:10:08,102
It tastes like a normal hot dog,
is it a normal hot dog?
1113
01:10:08,137 --> 01:10:11,502
Like as in like-- or is this
like plant-based or something?
1114
01:10:11,537 --> 01:10:13,436
-What is it?
-So, it is actually
plant-based, yeah.
1115
01:10:13,470 --> 01:10:15,069
-So every--
-It's really nice.
1116
01:10:15,103 --> 01:10:16,802
-I prefer it
because I don't really...
-Do you?
1117
01:10:16,837 --> 01:10:18,636
...eat meat that much,
so this is good.
1118
01:10:18,670 --> 01:10:20,502
-All right.
-I like meat
and it tastes good...
1119
01:10:20,803 --> 01:10:22,136
-Yeah?
-...for not being meat.
1120
01:10:22,170 --> 01:10:23,469
[both]
Mm-hmm.
1121
01:10:23,503 --> 01:10:25,102
-Would you be happy with that?
-Yeah.
1122
01:10:25,137 --> 01:10:27,536
I'd be stoked.
I love meat too much,
1123
01:10:27,570 --> 01:10:29,336
so I feel like if I went
plant-based, I'd miss it,
1124
01:10:29,370 --> 01:10:31,269
but if this stuff
tastes the same...
1125
01:10:31,303 --> 01:10:33,436
-Yeah.
-...I'd be very happy with this.
1126
01:10:33,937 --> 01:10:35,269
[oil sizzling]
1127
01:10:35,303 --> 01:10:37,469
[playful music continues]
1128
01:10:38,637 --> 01:10:40,669
-...nice, messy fingers.
-It is, yeah.
1129
01:10:40,703 --> 01:10:42,402
-[laughs]
-Solid food burger.
1130
01:10:42,437 --> 01:10:44,302
-Okay.
-Thank you.
1131
01:10:44,803 --> 01:10:47,702
Would it interest you
to know that
that's completely plant-based?
1132
01:10:47,737 --> 01:10:50,336
-I wouldn't know.
So that, I would definitely--
-Wow.
1133
01:10:50,370 --> 01:10:52,102
-That's a winner.
-Yeah, I'm amazed.
1134
01:10:52,137 --> 01:10:53,702
If burgers always
tasted like that,
1135
01:10:53,737 --> 01:10:55,836
Would you be happy to just
not eat a beef burger again?
1136
01:10:55,870 --> 01:10:57,836
-[unintelligible]
-Yeah?
1137
01:10:58,370 --> 01:11:01,369
I'd like you to tell me
which one of these nuggets
1138
01:11:01,403 --> 01:11:05,802
is plant-based
and which one is real meat.
1139
01:11:06,603 --> 01:11:07,469
Okay.
1140
01:11:07,503 --> 01:11:10,302
[playful music continues]
1141
01:11:11,803 --> 01:11:13,902
It's very hard
to say which one is...
1142
01:11:13,937 --> 01:11:15,269
[laughs]
1143
01:11:15,303 --> 01:11:17,202
They taste exactly
the same, honestly.
1144
01:11:17,237 --> 01:11:18,802
-These are not the chicken?
-No.
1145
01:11:21,170 --> 01:11:22,836
-That's interesting.
-Yeah.
1146
01:11:22,870 --> 01:11:25,769
Which one of this is animal meat
1147
01:11:25,803 --> 01:11:28,702
and which one of this
is plant-based?
1148
01:11:31,170 --> 01:11:32,336
Meat or not meat?
1149
01:11:32,370 --> 01:11:33,536
You're not sure?
You're not sure.
1150
01:11:33,570 --> 01:11:35,302
-No.
-No. Yeah, I'm not sure.
1151
01:11:35,737 --> 01:11:36,969
-Meat.
-You...
1152
01:11:37,003 --> 01:11:39,602
-Yes.
-...are wrong. [laughs]
1153
01:11:39,637 --> 01:11:41,369
-Oh.
-Okay, okay. [chuckles]
1154
01:11:41,737 --> 01:11:44,002
-...but you think
the second one was chicken.
-Yeah.
1155
01:11:44,037 --> 01:11:46,736
-The second one
was actually plant-based.
-No way.
1156
01:11:46,770 --> 01:11:48,769
-Yeah, and the first one
was chicken.
-No way.
1157
01:11:48,803 --> 01:11:51,502
-Yeah.
-Okay, I didn't--
I couldn't have guessed that.
1158
01:11:51,537 --> 01:11:53,702
I definitely thought
the first one.
1159
01:11:53,737 --> 01:11:54,936
Yeah, definitely.
1160
01:11:55,970 --> 01:11:59,869
It seems that changing what we
eat to a more sustainable diet
1161
01:11:59,903 --> 01:12:03,969
can also coincidentally be
very beneficial to our health.
1162
01:12:04,003 --> 01:12:07,536
There is a growing understanding
that we can actually prevent,
1163
01:12:07,570 --> 01:12:11,369
and in many cases even reverse
some of our most common diseases
1164
01:12:11,403 --> 01:12:15,302
all through a shift
towards a whole food vegan diet.
1165
01:12:15,803 --> 01:12:18,569
Humans can survive
on many different kinds of diet,
1166
01:12:18,603 --> 01:12:21,069
but many decades
of research has now shown us
1167
01:12:21,103 --> 01:12:23,669
that the best way
of not just surviving,
1168
01:12:23,703 --> 01:12:26,802
but truly thriving, is on a
whole food plant-based diet.
1169
01:12:26,837 --> 01:12:29,402
The human can be healthy
on a plant-based diet,
1170
01:12:29,437 --> 01:12:30,969
without any animal products.
1171
01:12:31,003 --> 01:12:32,736
The major dietetic associations
1172
01:12:32,770 --> 01:12:35,836
around the world, including the
British Dietetic Association,
1173
01:12:35,870 --> 01:12:38,702
have produced statements
to say exactly that, that a diet
1174
01:12:38,737 --> 01:12:42,236
made up of whole plant foods
is healthy for humans,
1175
01:12:42,270 --> 01:12:43,836
all stages of their life.
1176
01:12:43,870 --> 01:12:46,502
[Ms. Davis]
And not only can
they be healthy,
1177
01:12:46,537 --> 01:12:50,169
but they can restore
or reclaim their health
1178
01:12:50,203 --> 01:12:52,002
adopting a plant-based diet.
1179
01:12:52,437 --> 01:12:56,269
There's certain areas, certain
populations around the world
1180
01:12:56,303 --> 01:12:57,869
that have extraordinary
health and longevity,
1181
01:12:57,903 --> 01:13:00,036
for example, a large
number of centenarians,
1182
01:13:00,070 --> 01:13:03,736
people that live over 100,
these so-called "Blue Zones."
1183
01:13:03,770 --> 01:13:06,102
What's really interesting
about the Blue Zones,
1184
01:13:06,137 --> 01:13:08,069
they actually
have more centenarians
1185
01:13:08,103 --> 01:13:09,736
than anywhere else in the world,
1186
01:13:09,770 --> 01:13:11,702
and a centenarian is someone
1187
01:13:11,737 --> 01:13:14,102
that lives at least 100 years.
1188
01:13:14,737 --> 01:13:17,469
But what-- what's really
interesting about the Blue Zones
1189
01:13:17,503 --> 01:13:21,102
is when people reach
these advanced ages,
1190
01:13:21,503 --> 01:13:24,736
they are still productive,
so the Blue Zones
1191
01:13:24,770 --> 01:13:26,336
have taught us a lot.
1192
01:13:26,370 --> 01:13:30,069
And the bottom line is,
we really want to try to emulate
1193
01:13:30,103 --> 01:13:32,436
what the people
of the Blue Zones are doing.
1194
01:13:32,870 --> 01:13:35,769
[Kate Winslet]
The five regions known
as the Blue Zones
1195
01:13:35,803 --> 01:13:37,336
are Okinawa in Japan,
1196
01:13:37,837 --> 01:13:41,702
Sardinia in Italy,
Icaria in Greece,
1197
01:13:41,737 --> 01:13:43,802
Nicoya in Costa Rica
1198
01:13:44,503 --> 01:13:46,236
and Loma Linda in California.
1199
01:13:46,837 --> 01:13:50,102
[Dr. Greger] So the question is,
"Well, what do they all
have in common?"
1200
01:13:50,137 --> 01:13:52,836
[Dr. Newman]
They have a predominantly
plant-based diet.
1201
01:13:52,870 --> 01:13:55,736
They have a diet rich
in fruits and vegetables,
1202
01:13:55,770 --> 01:13:59,402
whole grains, beans,
soy, lentils, chickpeas.
1203
01:13:59,437 --> 01:14:01,669
They have a diet rich
in all these nutrients
1204
01:14:01,703 --> 01:14:03,769
and that's one thing
that they have in common.
1205
01:14:03,803 --> 01:14:05,269
So the EPIC study is
1206
01:14:05,303 --> 01:14:07,369
the European Prospective
Investigation
1207
01:14:07,403 --> 01:14:09,436
into Cancer and Nutrition.
1208
01:14:09,470 --> 01:14:12,269
It followed over half
a million individuals
1209
01:14:12,303 --> 01:14:15,269
from ten European countries
for more than 15 years.
1210
01:14:15,303 --> 01:14:16,836
Those in the EPIC study
1211
01:14:16,870 --> 01:14:18,669
that were eating
predominantly plant-based
1212
01:14:18,703 --> 01:14:22,436
or eating high levels of fruits
and vegetables lived longer,
1213
01:14:22,470 --> 01:14:25,336
had lower incidence of cancer
and heart disease.
1214
01:14:25,370 --> 01:14:27,702
About two and a half thousand
of the individuals
1215
01:14:27,737 --> 01:14:30,202
in the EPIC Oxford
only ate plant foods,
1216
01:14:30,237 --> 01:14:32,036
so they were vegan.
And even though
1217
01:14:32,070 --> 01:14:35,702
they weren't the most healthy
vegans or healthy plant eaters,
1218
01:14:35,737 --> 01:14:38,969
you could show that these plant
eaters were healthier,
1219
01:14:39,003 --> 01:14:44,069
they had lower incidence
of heart disease,
diabetes and cancer.
1220
01:14:44,937 --> 01:14:47,469
From everything we have
discovered on this journey,
1221
01:14:47,503 --> 01:14:50,336
it seems that moving away
from animal foods
1222
01:14:50,370 --> 01:14:52,502
to plant-based foods instead
1223
01:14:52,537 --> 01:14:56,302
can not only give us a whole
host of amazing health benefits,
1224
01:14:56,337 --> 01:14:59,169
but also gives us
a chance to be able to leave
1225
01:14:59,203 --> 01:15:02,302
a sustainable planet
for future generations to come.
1226
01:15:03,037 --> 01:15:05,936
Perhaps the single
most meaningful change
1227
01:15:05,970 --> 01:15:08,236
that we can make as individuals
1228
01:15:08,270 --> 01:15:12,769
is ultimately deciding what
ends up each day on our plates.
1229
01:15:13,203 --> 01:15:16,036
[Dr. Kong]
We are running out of time.
1230
01:15:17,170 --> 01:15:20,436
The world community
must acknowledge
1231
01:15:20,470 --> 01:15:24,602
that animal agriculture
is the most destructive
1232
01:15:24,637 --> 01:15:26,969
industry on our planet.
1233
01:15:27,937 --> 01:15:31,069
We can't wait
for government policies
1234
01:15:31,437 --> 01:15:34,269
and other organizations
to create
1235
01:15:34,303 --> 01:15:36,369
a better life for ourselves.
1236
01:15:36,403 --> 01:15:40,536
We need to stand up now
and make our voices heard.
1237
01:15:41,037 --> 01:15:42,802
Globally,
for the typical consumer,
1238
01:15:42,837 --> 01:15:45,769
avoiding meat and dairy is
probably the single biggest way
1239
01:15:45,803 --> 01:15:47,836
to reduce your impact on Earth.
1240
01:15:48,470 --> 01:15:53,202
Without addressing what we eat,
we simply won't make it.
1241
01:15:54,237 --> 01:15:56,036
This is a number one priority.
1242
01:15:56,070 --> 01:15:57,902
This is a next step,
1243
01:15:57,937 --> 01:16:00,436
in taking responsibility
for our communities,
1244
01:16:00,470 --> 01:16:02,769
our planet, our biosphere,
our fellow species.
1245
01:16:02,803 --> 01:16:04,669
[all]
Climate justice!
1246
01:16:04,703 --> 01:16:06,369
When do we want it? Now!
1247
01:16:06,403 --> 01:16:08,702
People say, "What can I do as an
individual? Feels overwhelming."
1248
01:16:08,737 --> 01:16:10,769
Well, you can make
individual choices. We all can.
1249
01:16:10,803 --> 01:16:13,802
Our individual choices
affect the collective choices.
1250
01:16:13,837 --> 01:16:15,436
We hear about airplanes
and cars.
1251
01:16:15,470 --> 01:16:17,369
And we're still going
to use those things,
1252
01:16:17,403 --> 01:16:19,502
but the choices
we make in our diet,
1253
01:16:19,537 --> 01:16:21,436
this agricultural business
where we use animals
1254
01:16:21,470 --> 01:16:23,169
as the primary
source of protein,
1255
01:16:23,203 --> 01:16:25,302
the one thing
I think we can all do is,
1256
01:16:25,337 --> 01:16:27,402
as individuals, is make
our own individual choices.
1257
01:16:27,437 --> 01:16:29,336
How we're going to live,
how we're going to eat.
1258
01:16:29,370 --> 01:16:31,602
Plant-based diet makes
all the difference in the world.
1259
01:16:31,637 --> 01:16:33,436
Just make some choices
that are good for you,
1260
01:16:33,470 --> 01:16:36,002
and being good for you,
it'll be good for the planet.
1261
01:16:38,970 --> 01:16:41,469
[Kate Winslet]
This planet is our home.
1262
01:16:42,337 --> 01:16:45,336
And it is up to us
what happens now.
1263
01:16:46,403 --> 01:16:49,569
History has shown
that when we stand together,
1264
01:16:49,603 --> 01:16:53,836
united in a common cause,
we can achieve great things.
1265
01:16:54,603 --> 01:16:57,736
Before us lies
an opportunity to build a world
1266
01:16:57,770 --> 01:16:59,469
in which we can thrive.
1267
01:16:59,903 --> 01:17:03,036
But the clock is ticking...
1268
01:17:03,803 --> 01:17:06,569
and time... is running out.
1269
01:17:06,603 --> 01:17:08,936
[dramatic music fades]
1270
01:17:25,537 --> 01:17:28,369
[light dramatic music]
1271
01:18:25,537 --> 01:18:28,069
[dramatic music continues]
1272
01:21:11,537 --> 01:21:11,602
[music fades]99004