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♪
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00:00:37,199 --> 00:00:38,199
(Snow crunches)
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Exploration has been the
greatest driving force in my
life, since I was young.
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00:00:56,440 --> 00:00:58,800
♪
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00:00:59,119 --> 00:01:01,599
And exploring this alien
landscape of Antarctica
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is a challenge unlike anywhere
else on Earth.
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Over 100 years ago, Antarctica
was more than just a challenge.
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It was the very limit of human
knowledge and scientific
understanding.
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The last unexplored continent
on Earth.
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It's the beginning of the 20th
century,
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the heroic era of polar
exploration.
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These are the astronauts of
their time,
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and Antarctica was their moon.
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DISTANT VOICE OF CONTROLLER:
Lift off, we have a lift off!
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Explorers from around the world,
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pit themselves against the
immense wilderness of
Antarctica,
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00:02:03,639 --> 00:02:06,679
in search of glory and
discovery.
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But this is a vast, cold,
isolated and entirely
unforgiving place.
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(Loud rumbling)
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What do you do when it
all goes horribly wrong?
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The journals and film recorded
by Sir Ernest Shackleton and
his crew of 27,
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answers that very question.
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AS SHACKLETON: The story of our attempt, is the tale of the white warfare, of the south.
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The struggles, the disappointments and the endurance of this small party
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of Britishers,
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make a story which is unique, in the history of Antarctic exploration.
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I ask myself, 'why on earth one comes to these parts of the earth?'
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(Loud crashing)
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(Radio chatter)
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I think we all have a sense of
adventure in us,
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and it manifests in
different ways with different
people.
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Life's true adventure is
understanding what the meaning
of it all is,
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and I think that drives medical
research, it drives artistic
self expression,
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00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:56,159
it drives people's desire to
cross ice caps or climb
mountains.
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That has burnt brightly in me
since childhood, and I've never
grown out of it.
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I've always just had that
desire to keep on discovering.
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And it's seen me go to the far
limits of human endurance
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and to the ends of the world as
a means to do that.
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VARIOUS NARRATIONS:
Environmental scientist Tim
Jarvis.
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Australian explorer Tim Jarvis
lost more
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than 50 pounds of body weight,
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recreating the journey of Sir
Douglas Mawson.
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In doing the expeditions the
old way, essentially
disadvantaging yourself
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by using 100 year old
equipment, you get about as
close as you can
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to experiencing that which they
experienced 100 years prior.
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At least I could honestly say
that I've
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been served up the same sorts
of conditions as he had.
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REPORTER: Explorer Tim Jarvis is the only man
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to have ever recreated the harrowing journey of Ernest Shackleton,
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using the same inadequate clothing and equipment as they had back in 1913.
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There have been many instances
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along the way,
some falls in the mountains,
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where you do wonder whether
it'd be the last move you make.
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♪
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I'm so excited about getting
down here, I mean,
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I feel I really come alive
when I'm in a place like this,
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you get much closer to the
spirit of the great man if
you're following
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in his footsteps, but also you
get closer to this more
resourceful version of you
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that emerges when you find
yourself in these places.
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They've been the theater for so
many
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fascinating journeys in the
past that you can't help but
be inspired.
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We are 830 nautical miles
southeast of the Falkland
Islands,
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headed to the whaling island of
South Georgia
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where Shackleton began his
imperial trans antarctic
expedition.
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SHACKLETON: There remained but one great main object
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of antarctic journeyings, the crossing of the south polar continent from sea to sea.
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The distance will be roughly 1,800 miles,
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and the first half of this,
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from the Weddell Sea to the pole, will be over unknown ground.
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Every step will be an advance in geographical science
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and this report will prove of great scientific interest.
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An expedition of this scale
would require a budget of
millions in today's money.
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To fund his dreams of the South,
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Shackleton would rely on his
ability to convince people of
the cause.
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Shackleton had this way of
getting people
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excited about what they
were going to know.
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He offered them things
that money couldn't buy.
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So if you were a wealthy
benefactor
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thinking about maybe putting
money into a polar expedition
Shackleton could
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00:06:56,360 --> 00:07:00,559
name a mountain range or a
coastline after you and you had
immortality guaranteed.
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So it was a clever way of doing
it.
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♪
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This wasn't Shackleton's
first attempt to make history.
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In 1907, he was hired to lead
the Nimrod expedition to the
Antarctic.
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The mission was to be the first
to reach the south pole.
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Although they set a new record
for the most southerly point
ever reached,
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they were forced to turn back
just 97 nautical miles short of
their target.
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Shackleton and his men,
starving and exhausted,
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00:07:34,079 --> 00:07:37,960
returned to base inspired by
what they'd seen,
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00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:40,480
but frustrated with how close
they'd come.
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It would take Shackleton almost
seven years to raise the funding
and plan this expedition,
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personally putting
everything on the line this
time.
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The stakes couldn't be higher.
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SHACKLETON: Long days of preparation were over, and the adventure lay ahead.
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I gave the order to heave anchor at 08:45 a.m.
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on December 5 1914,
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and the clanking of the windless broke for us, the last link with civilization.
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(Dogs barking)
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The fate of the expedition
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00:08:29,279 --> 00:08:33,159
now rested on the shoulders
of the 28 crew of the Endurance.
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Shackleton was a consummate
leader of men
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in those days on those early
expeditions, a leader of
people.
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And he got about 3,000
applicants for the 27 places on
the expedition team.
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And his recruitment process
involved interviews that
involved him throwing
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really curly, interesting
questions at people, just to
see how they would react.
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And if there was someone who
was too rigid in their
thinking,
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00:09:00,479 --> 00:09:05,960
perhaps again they weren't the
kind of person who had the
capacity for lateral thinking
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00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:08,880
and problem solving ability
that he was looking for.
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00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:11,920
He always wanted people who saw
a positive in any situation,
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00:09:13,479 --> 00:09:20,479
and you need that for
successful expeditioning, or
indeed, life.
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00:09:22,319 --> 00:09:25,559
And in the end, how relevant
those skills turned out to be.
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00:09:31,679 --> 00:09:33,880
The crew seemed a strong one,
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00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:36,559
and as I looked at the men, I felt confidence increasing.
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00:09:42,119 --> 00:09:43,159
(Birds squawking)
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The Weddell Sea was notoriously inhospitable,
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and already we knew that its sternest face was turned towards us.
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What welcome was the Weddell Sea preparing for us?
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♪
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To navigate these southern
waters,
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00:10:26,078 --> 00:10:28,279
timing is everything.
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00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:34,119
In the relative warm months of
summer, the sea is less frozen
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00:10:34,159 --> 00:10:38,039
and large lanes of open water,
provide passage to the
continent.
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00:10:46,239 --> 00:10:50,399
I'm just staring out on a scene
of brash ice and pancake ice.
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00:10:50,439 --> 00:10:53,239
Pancake ice is when the surface
just
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starts to freeze over,
and that's what we're starting
to see.
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00:10:56,078 --> 00:10:59,239
And it's the beginning of the
formation, of course, of pack
ice.
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00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:07,679
As Endurance went south, they,
of course,
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00:11:07,720 --> 00:11:11,559
started to experience pack ice,
initially probably very much
like this,
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00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:13,679
and then, of course,
became thicker and thicker and
thicker.
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00:11:15,679 --> 00:11:17,640
Worsley on board Endurance was
a wonderful
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00:11:17,679 --> 00:11:19,720
skipper and Shackleton
was no slouch himself.
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00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:21,239
So between them and some of the
other sailors on board,
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00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:23,760
they knew what they were
doing in terms of getting
through pack ice,
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00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:27,520
but you're really pushing
through leads, which are the
gaps between
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00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:31,439
the bits of larger pack, and
you try to force the ship
through there,
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00:11:32,078 --> 00:11:33,760
push the pack ice apart.
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00:11:34,199 --> 00:11:35,199
(Cracking)
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00:11:41,039 --> 00:11:45,159
Expedition cameraman Frank
Hurley, recorded the efforts of
the crew
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00:11:45,239 --> 00:11:49,640
as they navigated
their way through the ice.
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00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:53,600
The fearless Australian would
perch himself
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00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:59,760
almost anywhere, to capture
the dynamic imagery he was so
famous for.
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00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:05,359
The last 250 miles had been through close pack,
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00:12:05,960 --> 00:12:09,840
alternating with fine long leads and stretches of open water.
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00:12:10,840 --> 00:12:15,559
Under the boughs and alongside, great slabs of ice were being turned over
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00:12:16,479 --> 00:12:19,880
and slid back on the flow, or driven down and under the ice or ship.
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00:12:20,760 --> 00:12:25,078
In this way, the Endurance would split a two foot to three foot flow
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00:12:25,119 --> 00:12:26,679
a square mile in extent.
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00:12:29,199 --> 00:12:30,199
(Cracking)
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00:12:31,479 --> 00:12:33,760
It was important that we should make
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00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:36,359
progress towards our goal as rapidly as possible.
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00:12:39,840 --> 00:12:40,840
(Wind whistles)
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00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:46,679
In order to keep the expedition
on schedule,
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00:12:47,359 --> 00:12:52,199
Shackleton had to make land
before the ocean froze over
for winter.
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00:13:02,920 --> 00:13:06,159
When the pack ice starts to
form on the surface of the
sea,
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00:13:06,479 --> 00:13:09,439
ultimately it forms an apron
around Antarctica, which
actually almost doubles
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00:13:09,520 --> 00:13:12,439
the size of the continent,
which is incredible when you
think of it.
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00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:16,119
The ice can be anything from 20
cm thick
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00:13:16,239 --> 00:13:18,679
all the way through
to three or 4 meters thick.
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00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:20,439
And of course, the further
south you go,
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00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:22,559
the thicker it gets,
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and it comes a point where you
need
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00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:29,119
to make a judgment about
whether you're prepared to keep
the engines running
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and push further south, or try
and push further south
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00:13:34,479 --> 00:13:36,800
into this incredibly thick ice,
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00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,359
all the while thinking, how are
we going to get home at the
end of this?
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00:13:45,279 --> 00:13:50,239
I was anxious, for certain reasons, to winter the Endurance in the Weddell Sea.
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00:13:50,279 --> 00:13:54,078
But the difficulty of finding a safe harbour might be very great.
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It was as though the spirits of the Antarctic were pointing us
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00:13:58,119 --> 00:14:02,760
to the backward track, the track we were determined not to follow.
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00:14:03,359 --> 00:14:06,039
Our desire was to make easting as well as southing,
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00:14:06,439 --> 00:14:10,359
so as to reach the land, if possible,
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00:14:10,399 --> 00:14:14,600
east of Ross's, farthest south and, well east of Coats Land.
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00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:21,600
The unusually abundant sea ice,
ground their progress to a
crawl,
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00:14:21,640 --> 00:14:26,520
with the rapidly freezing
seawater trapping them time
after time.
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00:14:26,560 --> 00:14:29,319
The ice was only getting
thicker and open water
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00:14:29,359 --> 00:14:30,800
was slowly disappearing.
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00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:40,279
They were reaching dead ends,
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00:14:40,319 --> 00:14:45,520
having to turn around, chip
their way through the ice, sit
and wait it out sometimes,
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00:14:45,560 --> 00:14:47,000
when they became completely
stuck,
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00:14:47,039 --> 00:14:50,119
for the ice to open up again,
break up and move.
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00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,600
And it was a pretty torturous
process trying to get through.
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00:14:56,199 --> 00:14:58,640
♪
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00:15:02,279 --> 00:15:05,840
The name of the game was to
keep pushing south as best one
could,
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00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:09,359
and sometimes open leads of
water in amongst the pack ice,
185
00:15:09,399 --> 00:15:11,920
would force you to go left
and right,
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00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:14,119
not doing much in
the way of southerly travel,
187
00:15:14,159 --> 00:15:18,920
but you were constantly
focused on trying to get south
as best you could.
188
00:15:22,880 --> 00:15:25,840
The situation became dangerous that night.
189
00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:29,560
We pushed into the pack in the hope of reaching open water beyond,
190
00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:34,520
and found ourselves after dark in a pool which was growing smaller and smaller.
191
00:15:38,039 --> 00:15:41,680
Ultimately, they reached a dead
end.
192
00:15:43,479 --> 00:15:45,760
Pack ice closed in around the
vessel,
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00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:48,640
and no more leads were
opening up.
194
00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:50,600
The weather was getting colder
and it was
195
00:15:51,199 --> 00:15:54,239
very clear that that was
where they would remain.
196
00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:04,640
I could not doubt now that the Endurance was confined for the winter.
197
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:16,560
The abandonment of the attack was a great disappointment to all hands.
198
00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:21,680
The men had worked long hours without thought of rest, and they deserved success.
199
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,600
But the task was beyond our powers.
200
00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:34,760
The land showed still in fair weather on the distant horizon,
201
00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:38,159
but it was beyond our reach, now.
202
00:16:44,439 --> 00:16:45,439
(Metal whirring)
203
00:16:55,079 --> 00:16:56,079
(Wind blowing)
204
00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:58,800
Much like the endurance,
205
00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:02,279
we've reached as far south
as the ice will allow us.
206
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,319
When it's clear, the Endurance
is not going to go any further
south,
207
00:17:12,359 --> 00:17:16,439
it was one of those real
defining moments of the
expedition where I think you're
208
00:17:16,479 --> 00:17:18,359
hopeful, always right to the
end,
209
00:17:18,398 --> 00:17:21,199
that you could just push,
find a lead,
210
00:17:21,239 --> 00:17:25,398
push far enough to actually
make landfall on the continent
and set up your winter camp,
211
00:17:25,439 --> 00:17:29,840
to be prepared for the land
crossing of the continent the
following summer,
212
00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:34,520
so the decision to ultimately
stop short and set up winter
camp on the ice
213
00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:36,279
must have been a really
difficult moment.
214
00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:41,880
Life is all about playing
a bad hand of cards well,
215
00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:44,359
and I think that sums
it up fairly accurately.
216
00:17:44,398 --> 00:17:48,439
You've got to look positively
at any situation you find
yourself in.
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00:17:50,039 --> 00:17:51,359
In many people's minds,
218
00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:55,600
many of the expedition team
felt, well, that's it, that's
the expedition gone,
219
00:17:55,640 --> 00:17:57,800
the rest is all about survival.
220
00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:01,520
And Shackleton managed to keep
them motivated through a sort
of combination
221
00:18:01,560 --> 00:18:04,840
of suggesting that things
could still improve,
222
00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:06,039
the ice might break up,
223
00:18:06,079 --> 00:18:11,600
there might be an opportunity
to push south, as the ice began
to thaw.
224
00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:14,000
But in the meantime he had them
doing
225
00:18:14,039 --> 00:18:18,640
language lessons and gathering
food and playing soccer matches
on the ice.
226
00:18:18,680 --> 00:18:23,479
And these are all sort of
things that you don't do, if
you're expecting to die.
227
00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:30,159
And it was clever because the
men felt that Shackleton had
the measure
228
00:18:30,199 --> 00:18:32,680
of the circumstances
in which they found themselves.
229
00:18:36,159 --> 00:18:38,439
The flat flows and frozen leads
230
00:18:38,479 --> 00:18:42,039
in the neighbourhood of the ship, made excellent training grounds.
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Hockey and soccer on the flow were our chief recreations,
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and all hands joined in many a strenuous game.
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Worsley took a party to the flow on the 26th,
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and started building a line of igloos, and dog loos around