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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: a commercial drone is
A small, unmanned aircraft
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00:00:56,655 --> 00:00:58,137
With an onboard camera
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00:00:58,137 --> 00:01:01,034
It can capture a bird's-eye view
Of the ground,
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Collecting up-to-the-minute
Data useful for many types
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Of applications.
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00:01:05,310 --> 00:01:07,655
They're used to plan
Infrastructure projects,
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Overseeing natural resources,
Or manage farmland.
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Spanning about five feet
And a half in diameter,
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00:01:16,517 --> 00:01:19,827
This commercial drone
Is known as an octocopter
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00:01:19,827 --> 00:01:22,689
It has eight rotors,
Which enable it to maneuver
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In the air like a helicopter.
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00:01:25,172 --> 00:01:28,206
The drone's components
Are made of carbon fiber,
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A highly stiff,
Strong, and durable material
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00:01:31,068 --> 00:01:33,482
Carbon fiber is also
Lightweight,
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A critical factor in aviation.
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Computer-guided milling
Machine cuts the parts.
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A technician manually
Sands their edges smooth.
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This component is half of one
Of the drone's legs.
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The mill also cuts out the top
And bottom frames
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00:01:49,448 --> 00:01:51,724
For the drone's body.
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Technicians then assemble
The two halves of each leg.
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00:01:56,103 --> 00:02:01,551
Some of the drone's components
Are produced by a 3-d printer,
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00:02:01,551 --> 00:02:04,448
The printer builds each part
Layer by layer
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00:02:04,448 --> 00:02:07,517
Out of a thin stream of plastic.
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00:02:07,517 --> 00:02:10,724
This is one of the drone's
Eight arm receptacles.
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A technician bores the hole
Where the arm will be fitted.
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The hole must be precise
To ensure a secure fit.
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After verifying its diameter
With digital calipers,
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The technician
Installs the back part
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Of the receptacle and the lever
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That clamps the inserted arm
Firmly in place.
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00:02:37,620 --> 00:02:42,206
He attaches an electronic speed
Controller to one end.
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00:02:42,206 --> 00:02:43,793
Then, he screws the receptacle
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To the bottom frame
Of the drone's body.
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The wires coming out
The other end of the controller
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Connect to an electrical power
Harness and to the autopilot.
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00:02:55,137 --> 00:03:00,379
The autopilot is the onboard
Computer that runs the drone.
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00:03:00,379 --> 00:03:06,551
He installs
The seven remaining receptacles,
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00:03:06,551 --> 00:03:08,275
Then the power harness.
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00:03:12,379 --> 00:03:14,103
It has eight connectors,
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One for each electronic
Speed controller.
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00:03:20,310 --> 00:03:22,931
Next, he attaches the top frame,
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00:03:25,137 --> 00:03:30,586
Then the payload mount that
Holds the camera and hard drive.
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00:03:30,586 --> 00:03:33,793
He links the payload mount
To this servomotor,
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00:03:33,793 --> 00:03:37,413
Which is guided
By the autopilot.
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00:03:37,413 --> 00:03:40,310
The drone's body
Is protected by a cover.
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00:03:40,310 --> 00:03:45,241
Workers mount a sheet of plastic
On a vacuum former machine.
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00:03:45,241 --> 00:03:49,413
They start up
The machine's heating element
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00:03:49,413 --> 00:03:52,793
And position the plastic
Just beneath it.
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00:03:52,793 --> 00:03:58,379
This gradually heats the plastic
To a malleable state.
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00:03:58,379 --> 00:04:00,172
Once the plastic is soft,
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They position a wooden mold
On the machine,
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Activate the suction,
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00:04:08,379 --> 00:04:12,206
Then drop the sheet
Onto the mold.
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The vacuum draws the plastic
Tightly against it.
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00:04:18,034 --> 00:04:23,103
They let the vacuum-formed
Plastic to cool and harden,
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00:04:23,103 --> 00:04:26,275
Then carefully
Trim off the excess
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00:04:31,931 --> 00:04:35,758
They cut out a rough opening
For the payload mount
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00:04:35,758 --> 00:04:38,206
Through that opening,
They secure the cover
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00:04:38,206 --> 00:04:40,551
To the computer-guided
Milling machine,
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00:04:40,551 --> 00:04:44,793
Which finalizes the shape
To precise specifications.
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Once the cover is finished,
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They install it
On the top frame.
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00:04:59,758 --> 00:05:02,896
They attach the four legs
To the bottom frame.
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00:05:04,931 --> 00:05:08,620
Then, they install the camera
On to the payload mount.
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00:05:08,620 --> 00:05:12,000
The mount pivots to angle
The camera at the ground.
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00:05:13,068 --> 00:05:16,896
They insert and clamp the arms
Into the receptacles.
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Each arm is a carbon fiber tube
With a plastic rotor
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That's driven
By a small motor underneath.
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00:05:23,896 --> 00:05:26,137
Upon inserting an arm, its motor
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00:05:26,137 --> 00:05:29,724
Makes contact with
Its electronic speed controller.
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00:05:29,724 --> 00:05:32,586
They also install the autopilot,
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The autopilot executes
The programmed flight path
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And operates the camera,
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The servomotor
That moves the payload,
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And the electronic
Speed controllers.
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The drone operator
Can communicate wirelessly
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With the autopilot
Using a remote control.
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But it's more common
To program the gps coordinates
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Of the drone's route
Prior to takeoff.
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Narrator: aquariums have been
Around for hundreds of years.
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Even now, having a body
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Of water in a glass box
Seems like magic.
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The most common aquarium
Fish is the goldfish,
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Domesticated in china
More than 1,000 years ago.
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Goldfish are a type
Of carp native to asia.
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They tend to be
Silver or gray in color.
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But ancient chinese breeders
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Took advantage of orange
And yellow mutations
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To breed a gold-colored fish.
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Like all fish, aquarium goldfish
Start life as eggs.
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To start the breeding process,
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A worker separates the males
From the females.
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Telling the girls
From the boys can be difficult.
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But if she finds eggs,
There's no question.
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It must be female.
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The eggs fall to the bottom.
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This facility harvests around
1,000 eggs a day.
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Adding oxygen
Helps the eggs mature.
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A week later, the eggs hatch.
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The hatchlings are called fry.
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By the second week,
They're little fish.
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Not all of them are
The typical orange color
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Even after centuries
Of breeding,
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Many of them are still
Silver and gray.
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As the fry increase in size,
Workers must transfer them
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From buckets
To larger holding tanks.
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This facility sells fish
At different stages of growth.
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Here, a worker selects
A particular size to sell.
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Once the selection process
Is complete,
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She transfers the selected fish
To a bag for transportation.
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She adds air so the fish
Will have enough oxygen
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00:08:13,241 --> 00:08:15,000
During transport.
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A worker tosses dry food
Into a series of ponds.
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Each pond is
Roughly 100 square feet
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And holds about 500 fish.
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The food provides the nutrients
Needed for growth.
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00:08:32,827 --> 00:08:35,689
A worker checks the fish tanks
For signs of illness,
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Such as parasites or fungus.
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He carefully portions out
And adds a liquid
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Known as methylene blue.
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It's an anti-fungal treatment.
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These 1-year-old fish
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Are a different type
Of carp known as koi.
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Koi were first bred in japan
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For their color
And pattern variations.
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A worker isolates
A quantity of koi
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With a specially designed
Shallow net.
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This allows her to select
The right-sized fish
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To bag for sale.
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The bagged fish await
Transport to the market.
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00:09:23,896 --> 00:09:27,827
It's time to prepare the bags
Of goldfish for shipping.
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00:09:27,827 --> 00:09:29,482
A worker empties a batch of them
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Into a netting
Suspended in water.
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00:09:33,896 --> 00:09:36,793
A team of workers sort
Through the goldfish.
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00:09:36,793 --> 00:09:39,724
They select the fish
That meet the size criteria
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00:09:39,724 --> 00:09:43,000
And use spoons
To transfer them to a bucket.
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To prepare fish for shipment,
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Workers dip them
In a green solution.
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They then rinse them
In clear water
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Before bagging them again.
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00:09:57,172 --> 00:09:58,931
The green solution contains
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00:09:58,931 --> 00:10:01,000
A specially
Calibrated medication
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00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:04,275
That helps reduce stress
During transport.
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00:10:06,551 --> 00:10:09,172
Next, a worker
Adds air to the bag,
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00:10:09,172 --> 00:10:11,655
Ensuring the fish
Have plenty of oxygen
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00:10:11,655 --> 00:10:14,827
While en route.
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00:10:14,827 --> 00:10:17,793
The fish have been
Double bagged for protection.
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00:10:20,586 --> 00:10:23,620
A second worker squeezes out
Some of the oxygen
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00:10:23,620 --> 00:10:27,137
So the bag won't take up
Too much room,
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00:10:27,137 --> 00:10:29,896
Then seals the top
Of both layers.
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00:10:32,551 --> 00:10:37,620
A packer carefully loads four
Bags into a styrofoam box.
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00:10:37,620 --> 00:10:41,793
The box provides a rigid casing
To protect the fish
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00:10:41,793 --> 00:10:44,551
While insulating them
Against temperature fluctuations
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00:10:44,551 --> 00:10:47,448
During transport.
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00:10:47,448 --> 00:10:50,448
This facility also sells
Whole aquariums
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Already populated with fish.
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A worker inspects
A row of aquariums,
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Assessing the size
And quality of the fish
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While checking for
Any signs of disease.
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00:11:01,551 --> 00:11:05,206
The facility sells
50,000 fish a week,
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Or to two million every year.
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Narrator: when a plane lands,
The tires burn rubber
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That melts into the pavement.
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This can make the runway
Slick when wet.
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Special cleaning machines ensure
That the runway is always clean
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00:11:29,344 --> 00:11:32,000
And clear for
Takeoff and landing.
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They blast off
The rubber streaks,
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00:11:34,103 --> 00:11:37,241
Then suction
The rubber bits into tanks.
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00:11:39,103 --> 00:11:43,000
A runway-cleaning machine
Is a serious power washer.
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00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:46,827
It pressurizes hot water
To at least 20 times the force
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00:11:46,827 --> 00:11:49,482
Of the average power washer.
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The spray heads
Are designed specifically
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For blasting away
Aircraft tire rubber
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00:11:54,379 --> 00:11:57,413
That's melted into
Airstrip pavement.
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They ensure airports
Are a safe place to land.
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Making one starts
With the hydraulic motors
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00:12:05,241 --> 00:12:07,689
That spin the sprayers.
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A technician inserts a shaft
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That will hold the spray bar
Into a motor unit.
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00:12:12,689 --> 00:12:15,034
He installs sealing cylinders
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00:12:15,034 --> 00:12:18,068
To prevent hydraulic oils
From leaking.
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00:12:18,068 --> 00:12:20,655
He tops the assembly
With a metal plate.
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00:12:20,655 --> 00:12:23,689
The plate serves as a base
For thrust bearings,
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Which he installs next.
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Ceiling caps complete
The thrust bearing assembly.
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00:12:31,379 --> 00:12:35,000
A computerized test system now
Measures the motor's torque
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00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:37,689
And the flow
Of hydraulic fluids.
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00:12:37,689 --> 00:12:40,034
The system also
Simulates the force
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00:12:40,034 --> 00:12:41,965
Of the highly pressurized water
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00:12:41,965 --> 00:12:44,034
To confirm that
The thrust bearings
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00:12:44,034 --> 00:12:47,655
Will keep the motor stable.
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00:12:47,655 --> 00:12:51,137
A powerful water-jet tool
Carves through steel
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00:12:51,137 --> 00:12:53,172
To produce the components
For the arm
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00:12:53,172 --> 00:12:56,965
That holds the runway
Cleaner's spray heads.
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00:13:00,103 --> 00:13:03,000
A worker then fits
The steel plates together.
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00:13:07,931 --> 00:13:11,482
He welds the seams
To create permanent bonds.
200
00:13:11,482 --> 00:13:14,413
And this completes
The stray arm's structure.
201
00:13:16,482 --> 00:13:19,344
After the arm has been
Sandblasted and painted,
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00:13:19,344 --> 00:13:22,655
They hoist it to the front
Of the runway-cleaning truck.
203
00:13:26,482 --> 00:13:30,379
They attach it with large,
Zinc-coated steel bolts.
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00:13:32,172 --> 00:13:34,551
A worker then mounts
Hydraulic motors
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00:13:34,551 --> 00:13:36,862
To a long, wheeled bracket.
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00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:43,310
He removed the sealing caps
Before this installation
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00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:44,965
To make it easier.
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00:13:47,413 --> 00:13:50,241
Once the motors have been
Secured to the bracket,
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00:13:50,241 --> 00:13:52,172
He replaces the caps.
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00:13:58,344 --> 00:14:01,379
He attaches the wheeled bracket
To the spray arm
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00:14:01,379 --> 00:14:04,517
And installs metal shrouds
For the sprayers.
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00:14:04,517 --> 00:14:06,413
They have fringes
Of nylon bristles
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00:14:06,413 --> 00:14:08,241
To contain the spray.
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00:14:08,241 --> 00:14:10,034
He fastens rotating sealers
215
00:14:10,034 --> 00:14:12,275
To the hole in the center
Of each shroud
216
00:14:12,275 --> 00:14:14,655
To keep out dirt and water.
217
00:14:14,655 --> 00:14:16,172
He screws the spray bars
218
00:14:16,172 --> 00:14:19,000
To the shafts that
Extend from the motors.
219
00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:23,000
The nozzles are made
Of sapphire, a tough mineral
220
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:26,103
That can withstand the force
Of the pressurized spray.
221
00:14:27,413 --> 00:14:30,655
The next worker runs
Vacuum hoses to the shrouds
222
00:14:30,655 --> 00:14:34,000
And connects them using
Cam and groove couplings.
223
00:14:36,413 --> 00:14:39,448
The sprayer assemblies
Are now complete.
224
00:14:40,862 --> 00:14:43,448
The team lowers a large gearbox
225
00:14:43,448 --> 00:14:45,862
Between the frame rails
Of the truck.
226
00:14:45,862 --> 00:14:47,965
They bolt it to the rails.
227
00:14:51,310 --> 00:14:54,793
This gearbox will transfer power
From the truck engine
228
00:14:54,793 --> 00:14:57,310
To a high-pressure pump
And the vacuum.
229
00:15:02,241 --> 00:15:04,068
The pump and vacuum systems
230
00:15:04,068 --> 00:15:07,000
Have been assembled
Into one big module.
231
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:09,206
A technician
Tests the belt and pulley
232
00:15:09,206 --> 00:15:12,448
That will connect
To the gearbox.
233
00:15:12,448 --> 00:15:14,068
It's in good, working order,
234
00:15:14,068 --> 00:15:16,206
So they cover the system
With steel casing
235
00:15:16,206 --> 00:15:19,413
For safety reasons.
236
00:15:19,413 --> 00:15:21,241
This module is ready
To be assembled
237
00:15:21,241 --> 00:15:23,758
To the runway cleaner truck.
238
00:15:23,758 --> 00:15:29,344
It weighs 2 1/2 tons, so a crane
Does the heavy lifting.
239
00:15:33,413 --> 00:15:37,344
Workers then build a tank
That's as tall as they are.
240
00:15:37,344 --> 00:15:39,517
This tank will contain
The rubber bits
241
00:15:39,517 --> 00:15:41,275
Vacuumed off the runway,
242
00:15:41,275 --> 00:15:44,827
Along with the water used
In the cleaning process.
243
00:15:44,827 --> 00:15:46,379
Once it's been painted,
244
00:15:46,379 --> 00:15:50,931
They assemble it to the chassis
Next to the clean water tanks.
245
00:15:50,931 --> 00:15:53,482
Moving inside the truck cab,
A worker installs
246
00:15:53,482 --> 00:15:57,034
Controls for the runway
Cleaner's operation.
247
00:15:57,034 --> 00:15:59,000
One console has a joystick
248
00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:01,931
For manipulating the position
Of the spray heads.
249
00:16:01,931 --> 00:16:03,620
Other switches
Are for the operation
250
00:16:03,620 --> 00:16:06,482
Of the water pump and vacuum.
251
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Runway cleaners can also be used
To erase painted lines
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When landing strips
Need to be reconfigured.
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Just adjust the nozzle size
And forward speed,
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And, like the rubber streaks,
The lines disappear.
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Narrator: people have been
Playing games
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With shuttlecocks for millennia.
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In the mid-19th century,
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The british created
The game badminton,
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In which players
Hit a shuttlecock
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Back and forth over a net.
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Made of feathers and cork,
The shuttlecock
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00:16:46,758 --> 00:16:50,482
Predates badminton
By thousands of years.
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Many people are familiar
With the plastic shuttlecocks
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Used for badminton games
In backyards everywhere.
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But serious players
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00:17:01,172 --> 00:17:05,034
Use the original
Feathered shuttlecock.
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This facility uses duck feathers
To build their shuttlecocks.
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Workers start by aligning them
With the feather side up
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And storing them in cups
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In preparation for
The next phase of production.
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Having the feathers aligned
Makes it easier
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For a worker to feed
Them, one by one,
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Into a specialized
Sorting machine.
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00:17:28,724 --> 00:17:32,241
This device has
26 different sensors
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That measure each feather.
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The feathers must be
A specific size
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And have a precise angle.
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The machine sorts feathers
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Of the same size and angle
Into different bins.
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Sometimes, the sensors
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Are unable to measure
Certain feathers,
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Those feathers fall
Into a separate bin.
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A worker uses a special chart
To measure them by hand.
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00:18:06,896 --> 00:18:09,827
The tips of these shuttlecocks
Are made of cork
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And synthetic foam
Covered with white leather.
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00:18:14,931 --> 00:18:19,172
It's time to start
Assembling the shuttlecocks.
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00:18:19,172 --> 00:18:22,206
Each shuttlecock
Has 16 feathers,
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Which must all be
Precisely the same length.
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00:18:25,655 --> 00:18:29,724
The punching machine
Begins the assembly process.
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00:18:29,724 --> 00:18:32,206
It starts by punching 16 holes
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In the perimeter
Of the shuttlecock tip.
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00:18:35,896 --> 00:18:38,551
The worker feeding the feathers
Into the device
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00:18:38,551 --> 00:18:42,034
Must keep pace
With the machine.
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00:18:50,034 --> 00:18:52,379
A worker uses flat-nose pliers
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00:18:52,379 --> 00:18:55,517
To adjust the angle
Of each feather.
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00:18:55,517 --> 00:18:59,172
She then places the shuttlecocks
Inside a miniature wind tunnel
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00:18:59,172 --> 00:19:02,103
To see if they're
Properly balanced.
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00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:06,827
On some shuttlecocks,
Each feather might have
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00:19:06,827 --> 00:19:10,206
A slightly different angle
To maximize balance.
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00:19:11,620 --> 00:19:14,551
Once the angle of the feathers
Has been adjusted,
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00:19:14,551 --> 00:19:17,931
They're transferred to a machine
That applies a bead of glue
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00:19:17,931 --> 00:19:21,103
Around the interior perimeter
Of the shuttlecock tip.
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This secures
The feathers in place.
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00:19:29,482 --> 00:19:32,172
To further stabilize
The feathers,
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00:19:32,172 --> 00:19:35,137
Workers place them in
A specialized sewing machine
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00:19:35,137 --> 00:19:37,344
That binds them
Securely together
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00:19:37,344 --> 00:19:39,413
With two rows of thread.
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00:19:41,448 --> 00:19:45,137
The threads stitch
Each feather to the next.
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00:19:45,137 --> 00:19:48,275
This process
Strengthens the shuttlecocks,
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00:19:48,275 --> 00:19:50,068
Helping them maintain
Their shape
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00:19:50,068 --> 00:19:52,413
Even when they're getting
Slammed back and forth
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00:19:52,413 --> 00:19:54,344
Over a net.
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00:19:58,310 --> 00:20:01,482
When the machine has finished
Stitching a shuttlecock,
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00:20:01,482 --> 00:20:04,551
A worker ties off the thread
To keep it from unraveling
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00:20:04,551 --> 00:20:06,965
And cuts off the excess.
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00:20:08,034 --> 00:20:11,206
Finally, she evens out
The thread rows.
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00:20:12,172 --> 00:20:13,965
With the threads in place,
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00:20:13,965 --> 00:20:17,551
The shuttlecocks must
Undergo a final tuning.
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00:20:17,551 --> 00:20:19,551
A worker once again
Adjusts the feathers
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00:20:19,551 --> 00:20:22,000
To ensure proper balance.
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00:20:24,103 --> 00:20:26,137
A machine applies glue
To the threads
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00:20:26,137 --> 00:20:28,862
On the shuttlecock,
Locking them in place
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00:20:28,862 --> 00:20:31,965
To give them
The necessary rigidity.
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00:20:31,965 --> 00:20:35,344
The thread is made to
Quickly absorb glue.
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00:20:37,896 --> 00:20:40,206
A worker applies a green strip,
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00:20:40,206 --> 00:20:43,482
Which indicates
A slow-speed shuttlecock.
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00:20:43,482 --> 00:20:46,551
Medium-speed shuttlecocks
Get a blue strip.
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00:20:46,551 --> 00:20:48,724
Fast ones are red.
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00:20:50,931 --> 00:20:53,931
It's time for
Quality-control testing.
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00:20:53,931 --> 00:20:56,689
A machine equipped
With a racket-like arm
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00:20:56,689 --> 00:21:01,413
Fires the shuttlecocks
To a waiting worker.
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00:21:01,413 --> 00:21:03,931
Shuttlecocks can
Travel at speeds
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00:21:03,931 --> 00:21:06,000
As high as 300 feet a second.
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00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,689
That's twice as fast as
A pitcher can throw a baseball.
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00:21:13,034 --> 00:21:16,344
Once the shuttlecocks have
Passed the quality-control test,
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00:21:16,344 --> 00:21:18,517
A worker inserts 12 at a time
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00:21:18,517 --> 00:21:20,689
Into long cardboard tubes
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00:21:20,689 --> 00:21:23,448
Similar to those used
To hold tennis balls.
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00:21:26,758 --> 00:21:29,896
With its 16 feathers,
It's no wonder
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00:21:29,896 --> 00:21:33,137
The shuttlecock is also
Known as a birdie.
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00:21:33,137 --> 00:21:37,000
These high-quality products
Are ready to fly.
27378
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