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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: champagne toasts
Are common at weddings,
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00:00:56,275 --> 00:00:59,241
Birthdays, and many other
Special occasions,
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But if the cork
Isn't secured properly,
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00:01:01,551 --> 00:01:03,758
It can pop off
At the wrong moment.
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So champagne manufacturers
Have developed hoods and foils
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To keep the bottles
Closed until the right moment.
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The foil covering
That protects the cork is part
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Of the iconic champagne look.
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Unwrapping it is like opening
A special present.
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Underneath the foil
Is a wire hood and disk
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00:01:26,310 --> 00:01:31,379
That keeps everything in place.
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The flat disks
Begin as thin sheets of steel.
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A suctioning device
Transfers the sheets
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00:01:37,413 --> 00:01:41,172
To a printing machine.
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The machine slices the sheets
Into strips.
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Then, the suctioning device
Moves the strips
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00:01:46,965 --> 00:01:51,275
To the next step
In the production line.
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It positions the strips
On a machine
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That quickly punches out
The round disk components.
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00:02:02,344 --> 00:02:05,620
The wire hoods are made
Out of galvanized steel.
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00:02:05,620 --> 00:02:07,896
A series of large bobbins
Feed the steel
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00:02:07,896 --> 00:02:10,034
Into a multiphase machine.
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00:02:10,034 --> 00:02:12,482
The wire is coated
With colored lacquer
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00:02:12,482 --> 00:02:16,517
For increased protection
And aesthetic appeal.
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00:02:20,344 --> 00:02:22,172
On a rotating carousel,
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00:02:22,172 --> 00:02:25,620
The machine twists two
Horizontal strands of wire.
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00:02:25,620 --> 00:02:27,724
It leaves enough room
For a vertical loop
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00:02:27,724 --> 00:02:30,517
Between each set of twists.
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00:02:35,034 --> 00:02:38,275
Next, the device
Twists the vertical loop.
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00:02:38,275 --> 00:02:41,689
A blade cuts the wire in
Between each newly formed cross.
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00:02:45,413 --> 00:02:48,103
Then, a mechanism
Removes the crosses
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00:02:48,103 --> 00:02:52,965
And transfers them
To the next stage of production.
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00:02:52,965 --> 00:02:57,517
A machine shapes the bottom
Of the crosses in three steps.
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00:02:57,517 --> 00:02:59,000
First, it pinches the wire
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Together
At the four extremities.
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00:03:02,206 --> 00:03:05,172
Then, it forms a bend.
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00:03:05,172 --> 00:03:08,068
And finally, it folds them over
To create a hook.
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00:03:12,379 --> 00:03:14,275
A device folds the feet up
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00:03:14,275 --> 00:03:19,310
And hooks them onto a wire
Circle called a belt.
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00:03:19,310 --> 00:03:23,448
The wire structures
Are ready for the disk insert.
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00:03:23,448 --> 00:03:25,896
A press forces the disks
Into a die
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To create rounded caps.
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Finally, the machine
Inserts the newly formed caps
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00:03:31,379 --> 00:03:34,965
Into the wire structure.
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00:03:34,965 --> 00:03:36,517
The champagne wire hoods
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Are now complete and ready
For their bottles.
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00:03:41,517 --> 00:03:44,586
It takes 15 steps
To build a wire hood.
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Incredibly,
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00:03:45,965 --> 00:03:51,310
The machine can build each hood
In under 2 seconds.
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The wire hood holds the cork
In place,
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But the polylaminate foil
Wrapper
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Protects it from the elements.
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This specially made foil
Is composed of polythene film
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Sandwiched between two sheets
Of aluminum.
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00:04:09,344 --> 00:04:11,793
A high-speed cutter
Trims the edges.
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00:04:11,793 --> 00:04:15,103
Then, the polylaminate
Rolls through a bath of varnish.
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00:04:17,896 --> 00:04:20,586
The polythene film
Is made out of granules.
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00:04:24,275 --> 00:04:26,172
They dye the polylaminate gold
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Using
A high-speed printing process.
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The polylaminate foil is coated
With specially formulated ink
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That dries instantly
Under ultraviolet light.
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The foil transfers
To a perforation machine.
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This allows customers to easily
Unwrap the champagne bottle.
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A hot stamping machine
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Adds decorative elements
And the brand name to the foil.
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00:04:58,275 --> 00:05:03,586
Another device adds a strip
Of glue to one edge.
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00:05:03,586 --> 00:05:05,724
A machine cuts the foil,
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00:05:05,724 --> 00:05:08,068
Then a device equipped
With cylindrical rods,
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Called mandrels,
Wraps the foil into cones.
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The glue strip
Holds the cone together.
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A machine places a disk
On top of the cones.
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00:05:21,448 --> 00:05:25,413
They crimp the ends
To increase the cone's rigidity.
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Then, a vacuum
Sucks the completed cones
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00:05:27,965 --> 00:05:30,482
Off the mandrels.
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No bottle of bubbly is complete
Without a hood and foil.
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This factory quickly
Produces both in any style
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Or color the winery requests.
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The factory's speed
And versatility allows them
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To produce wire hoods and foils
For 50% of the sparkling wines
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Made in france.
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Narrator: pneumatic tubes
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00:06:06,413 --> 00:06:10,241
Were originally used to transfer
Money and sensitive documents.
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Today, these systems
Have a different purpose.
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Hospitals use them to quickly
Transport blood samples
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To their labs.
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For patients
Who need a quick diagnosis,
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These pipelines are a lifeline.
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Many hospitals have a series
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Of pneumatic pipes
Running behind their walls.
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Health care workers
Seal medical samples in capsules
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And put them in the system.
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These pipelines
Can be several miles long.
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A computer allows users to
Monitor the capsule's movement.
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Compressed air instantly pushes
The capsules through the tubing.
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They arrive at the lab
In seconds.
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The building process starts
With the send-and-receive unit.
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A worker glues tubes to a plate.
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Both are made of plastic
To reduce static.
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He slides the tubes
Through holes in the top
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Of the unit's metal housing.
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He places more tubing
Inside the housing,
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00:07:14,689 --> 00:07:20,172
Then installs the track.
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The tubing slides back and forth
On the track to shift
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Between send and receive mode.
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He screws a bracket to the box.
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00:07:30,206 --> 00:07:34,827
It contains a motor
For the sliding mechanism.
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00:07:34,827 --> 00:07:37,689
Then, he places the unit
In an upright position.
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He connects the motor
To a power source to test it.
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He confirms that the motor
Moves the plastic chutes
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Back and forth smoothly.
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The worker connects an air
Source to the system
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To verify that the seals
And vents work properly.
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At the next station,
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A technician
Removes the temporary door.
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Then, he wires the motor
To the electrical power source.
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He bundles the wires
And trims the plastic ties.
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00:08:15,517 --> 00:08:21,000
He screws the computerized
Control panel to the door.
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00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:25,068
Then, he reattaches the door.
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The technician wires
The control panel
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And verifies that it works.
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Then, he connects the computer
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00:08:35,827 --> 00:08:39,931
In the send-and-receive unit
To one in a diverter unit.
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00:08:42,482 --> 00:08:46,310
He confirms that the two
Computers communicate.
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Each pneumatic delivery system
Has several diverters.
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00:08:52,965 --> 00:08:55,862
They allow the medical capsules
To turn a corner
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00:08:55,862 --> 00:09:01,034
Or change direction to reach
Their final destination.
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00:09:01,034 --> 00:09:03,275
He installs a gear and motor.
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00:09:03,275 --> 00:09:05,310
Then, he tests the movement
Of the pipe
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00:09:05,310 --> 00:09:08,103
From one outlet to the next.
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If everything works properly,
He screws the back panel on.
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00:09:12,793 --> 00:09:15,586
Then, they connect the diverter
And other transfer units
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00:09:15,586 --> 00:09:18,724
To tubing in the walls
Of the hospital.
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00:09:18,724 --> 00:09:21,379
Next,
They make the delivery capsules.
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A worker places the plastic body
In a machine.
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He activates it,
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00:09:26,275 --> 00:09:29,241
And the machine spins a cap
Onto the body.
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00:09:29,241 --> 00:09:35,103
The spinning also generates
Heat, which fuses the two parts.
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He slides the capsule
Onto a post to keep it in place.
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00:09:39,310 --> 00:09:43,000
Then, he hooks one end
Of a spring to the lid framework
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00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:44,896
And the other end
To the sliding lid.
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He screws the sliding lid
To the framework.
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00:09:54,965 --> 00:09:59,344
Now, the lid
Easily snaps open and shut.
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00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:07,068
He places a rubber casing
Onto the end
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00:10:07,068 --> 00:10:11,068
And stretches a rubber gasket
Around the rim.
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00:10:11,068 --> 00:10:13,965
He wraps fabric bands
Around both ends.
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00:10:13,965 --> 00:10:16,275
This helps buffer the capsule
During the journey
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Through the pipeline.
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00:10:19,137 --> 00:10:23,724
He tucks the bands into the rims
Using a screwdriver.
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00:10:26,103 --> 00:10:29,068
He installs plastic bumpers
Inside.
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00:10:29,068 --> 00:10:31,275
They help cushion any blows
To the capsule
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00:10:31,275 --> 00:10:36,517
And its contents during the ride
Through the pipeline.
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00:10:36,517 --> 00:10:40,965
This capsule is now ready
For a test run.
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00:10:40,965 --> 00:10:45,448
The technician inserts it in
The shoot and programs the path.
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00:10:45,448 --> 00:10:49,137
He opens the door
To monitor its progress.
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00:10:49,137 --> 00:10:52,310
The tubes slide
Over to collect the capsule
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00:10:52,310 --> 00:10:57,034
And then slide back to drop it
Into the main pipeline.
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00:10:57,034 --> 00:11:00,413
Compressed air blows it
Through the system.
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00:11:00,413 --> 00:11:02,000
It zips through the pipes
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And arrives safely
At its final destination.
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Narrator: in the 1880s,
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Italians developed special
Machines to make espresso.
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As the name implies,
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This coffee drink
Can be produced in seconds.
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00:11:28,689 --> 00:11:32,482
Soon, the appeal of this quick
Brew expanded beyond italy,
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00:11:32,482 --> 00:11:36,275
And today, espresso
Is enjoyed all over the world.
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00:11:39,172 --> 00:11:44,206
Making good espresso is as much
A science as it is an art.
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Professional machines balance
Temperature and steam pressure
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To produce espresso
With kick and crema.
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Professional espresso machines
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Are made
Of high-carbon steel sheets.
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00:11:56,724 --> 00:11:59,310
Computer programmed tools
Carve different shapes
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00:11:59,310 --> 00:12:00,586
Out of the steel.
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These parts
Will be the framework
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For the espresso machine.
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00:12:06,862 --> 00:12:09,931
The tools also cut holes
For screws, bolts,
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00:12:09,931 --> 00:12:15,827
And components like
The steam tap.
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00:12:15,827 --> 00:12:18,827
An employee places a freshly cut
Control panel
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00:12:18,827 --> 00:12:22,793
Into a hydraulic press machine.
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00:12:22,793 --> 00:12:25,379
The press bends the panel
To the correct shape
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00:12:25,379 --> 00:12:28,103
And creates tabs for assembly.
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This is the panel
Before and after bending.
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00:12:35,827 --> 00:12:41,068
After bending the other panels,
They assemble the framework.
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00:12:41,068 --> 00:12:44,896
The worker attaches a receptacle
To capture excess water.
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00:12:47,931 --> 00:12:51,551
He installs meters
To control the flow of water.
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00:12:51,551 --> 00:12:55,206
They release different amounts
For long or short espressos.
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00:12:58,758 --> 00:13:00,310
He turns the base right side
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00:13:00,310 --> 00:13:05,793
Up and screws the side framework
To it.
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00:13:05,793 --> 00:13:09,206
He attaches the front panel
To the sides.
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00:13:11,896 --> 00:13:15,758
The espresso machine's framework
Is now in place.
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00:13:15,758 --> 00:13:18,068
Next, they make the group heads.
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These parts will shoot hot,
Pressurized water
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00:13:20,896 --> 00:13:23,724
Through the packed ground
Coffee.
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00:13:23,724 --> 00:13:25,344
The worker installs valves
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00:13:25,344 --> 00:13:27,827
That will regulate
The water flow.
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00:13:27,827 --> 00:13:30,413
The valves
Allows release built-up pressure
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00:13:30,413 --> 00:13:35,724
So that the filter holders
Can be removed after brewing.
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00:13:35,724 --> 00:13:39,517
The group heads fit into slots
In the front of the framework.
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00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:45,310
He secures them with nuts
At the back.
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00:13:50,068 --> 00:13:52,689
He places a large
Copper-and-brass boiler
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00:13:52,689 --> 00:13:58,206
In the espresso machine chassis
And connects the water lines.
203
00:13:58,206 --> 00:14:02,379
The tank will generate steam
To froth milk for cappuccinos.
204
00:14:02,379 --> 00:14:05,517
It will also supply hot water
For tea.
205
00:14:05,517 --> 00:14:06,896
Heat exchangers
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00:14:06,896 --> 00:14:10,551
Run through the boiler to supply
The hot water for brewing.
207
00:14:10,551 --> 00:14:11,931
He connects copper pipes
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00:14:11,931 --> 00:14:14,655
To the heat exchanger outlets
On the boiler.
209
00:14:14,655 --> 00:14:17,724
Then, he links them
To the group heads.
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00:14:17,724 --> 00:14:19,310
The pipes have been pre-bent
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00:14:19,310 --> 00:14:24,793
In order to easily fit
Into the group heads.
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00:14:24,793 --> 00:14:29,827
He tightens the fitting
For the hot water tap.
213
00:14:29,827 --> 00:14:34,931
Next, he installs the pump
That pressurizes the water.
214
00:14:34,931 --> 00:14:40,724
He screws it to one side
Of the framework.
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00:14:40,724 --> 00:14:42,793
A worker then wires
The electronics
216
00:14:42,793 --> 00:14:44,827
To the front of the machine.
217
00:14:50,758 --> 00:14:54,551
The employee fits the control
Panel to the front framework.
218
00:14:58,551 --> 00:15:02,344
He slips rubber molding
Around the protruding seam.
219
00:15:02,344 --> 00:15:04,827
Then, he screws knobs
Onto the levers.
220
00:15:08,793 --> 00:15:13,137
He tucks a heating coil into
The upper part of the machine.
221
00:15:13,137 --> 00:15:16,758
The top of the machine
Works as a cup warmer.
222
00:15:16,758 --> 00:15:21,931
The espresso stays hot longer
When served in heated cups.
223
00:15:21,931 --> 00:15:24,827
A worker then encases the steel
Espresso machine
224
00:15:24,827 --> 00:15:29,379
In polycarbonate molded panels.
225
00:15:29,379 --> 00:15:31,827
The plastic parts
Are slightly rounded to make
226
00:15:31,827 --> 00:15:35,103
The espresso machine
Look less boxy.
227
00:15:39,689 --> 00:15:44,827
He seats a steel drip tray
Under the group heads.
228
00:15:44,827 --> 00:15:49,896
And he places the cup tray
Over the heating element.
229
00:15:49,896 --> 00:15:53,724
The espresso machine is ready
For the filter basket holders.
230
00:15:53,724 --> 00:15:57,000
They're equipped with winglets
That hook into the group heads.
231
00:16:00,862 --> 00:16:03,793
The worker tests the espresso
Machine to confirm
232
00:16:03,793 --> 00:16:07,965
That there are no leaks
In the hydraulic circuitry.
233
00:16:07,965 --> 00:16:11,620
The machine appears to be
In good, working order.
234
00:16:15,275 --> 00:16:17,620
Now, it's time
For a coffee break.
235
00:16:32,620 --> 00:16:34,068
Narrator:
The best-tasting pizzas
236
00:16:34,068 --> 00:16:37,103
Are made in traditional
Wood-fired pizza ovens.
237
00:16:37,103 --> 00:16:40,275
They're constructed primarily
Of natural clay bricks
238
00:16:40,275 --> 00:16:43,344
That can withstand high
Temperatures and retain heat.
239
00:16:43,344 --> 00:16:46,310
If a chef prefers to not use
A wood-burning oven,
240
00:16:46,310 --> 00:16:49,862
A more convenient gas version
Is available, as well.
241
00:16:52,793 --> 00:16:56,344
This italian company has been
Handcrafting classic pizza ovens
242
00:16:56,344 --> 00:16:58,758
Since 1892.
243
00:16:58,758 --> 00:17:03,034
While the tile or paint options
Change over time,
244
00:17:03,034 --> 00:17:04,827
The construction of the oven
245
00:17:04,827 --> 00:17:09,172
Itself has remained the same
For four generations.
246
00:17:09,172 --> 00:17:14,000
It begins with the oven's
Rounded top.
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They lay clay bricks
248
00:17:15,275 --> 00:17:19,586
On a dome form, working inward
From a steel edge.
249
00:17:19,586 --> 00:17:21,655
These bricks are made in house.
250
00:17:21,655 --> 00:17:25,827
They can withstand temperatures
Of over 900 degrees fahrenheit.
251
00:17:25,827 --> 00:17:29,103
That's fast enough to bake
A traditional neapolitan pizza
252
00:17:29,103 --> 00:17:31,379
In just 60 seconds.
253
00:17:31,379 --> 00:17:32,724
They combine sand,
254
00:17:32,724 --> 00:17:36,655
Soil, concrete, clay
And water in a mixer.
255
00:17:36,655 --> 00:17:37,862
They pour this mixture
256
00:17:37,862 --> 00:17:41,517
Into a steel mold
For the base of the oven.
257
00:17:41,517 --> 00:17:44,068
Once they fill the mold
To the top,
258
00:17:44,068 --> 00:17:48,793
They place a circular template
In the exact center of the mold.
259
00:17:48,793 --> 00:17:52,206
Then, they begin constructing
The oven's combustion chamber.
260
00:17:52,206 --> 00:17:54,965
This is where the pizza
Is baked.
261
00:17:54,965 --> 00:17:56,862
The carefully place clay bricks
262
00:17:56,862 --> 00:18:01,000
Along the template's
Inner perimeter.
263
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:04,310
Then, they remove the template
And add more bricks.
264
00:18:04,310 --> 00:18:07,862
They work from the outside in,
Towards the center.
265
00:18:11,172 --> 00:18:15,620
The oven floor
Serves as the cooking surface.
266
00:18:15,620 --> 00:18:18,758
It's comprised
Of four pie-shape pieces
267
00:18:18,758 --> 00:18:22,517
Made of the same heat-resistant
Clay as the bricks.
268
00:18:22,517 --> 00:18:25,517
Each piece is 2 inches thick.
269
00:18:25,517 --> 00:18:27,793
They slide the floor
In temporarily
270
00:18:27,793 --> 00:18:32,068
So they can correctly
Position the bricks around it.
271
00:18:34,172 --> 00:18:39,379
They remove the floor pieces
And begin mortaring the bricks.
272
00:18:39,379 --> 00:18:43,586
Once complete, this oven
Will weigh over 5,000 pounds.
273
00:18:45,586 --> 00:18:47,517
The company
Makes even larger models
274
00:18:47,517 --> 00:18:49,655
That can weigh more than 3 tons.
275
00:18:53,862 --> 00:18:58,965
They lay a second row of bricks
On top of the first.
276
00:18:58,965 --> 00:19:02,000
Then, they fill the middle
With clay.
277
00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:06,896
The team covers the clay
With soil.
278
00:19:06,896 --> 00:19:08,241
They pack down the soil
279
00:19:08,241 --> 00:19:12,758
As they go to create a hard,
Stable surface.
280
00:19:15,137 --> 00:19:18,206
Now, they can permanently
Install the oven floor.
281
00:19:23,172 --> 00:19:27,344
Next, they position
The oven's cast iron mouth.
282
00:19:27,344 --> 00:19:29,758
They lay bricks in a circle
Around the mouth
283
00:19:29,758 --> 00:19:32,689
To form the wall
Of the combustion chamber.
284
00:19:32,689 --> 00:19:34,034
They lay most of the bricks
285
00:19:34,034 --> 00:19:38,275
Vertically to fit in
As many as possible.
286
00:19:38,275 --> 00:19:44,241
More bricks will provide better
Insulation in the chamber.
287
00:19:44,241 --> 00:19:48,000
The team pours water
On the top edge of the wall.
288
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:52,310
They remove the oven mouth
And apply the mortar.
289
00:19:52,310 --> 00:19:54,413
Then, they lower the dome
Onto the wall
290
00:19:54,413 --> 00:19:57,413
To enclose
The combustion chamber.
291
00:19:57,413 --> 00:20:03,172
A worker repositions the mouth
And mortars it in place.
292
00:20:03,172 --> 00:20:05,482
He installs the over mouth,
293
00:20:05,482 --> 00:20:10,206
A cast iron plate
Bearing the manufacturer's name.
294
00:20:10,206 --> 00:20:14,103
He levels it, then fills the gap
Between the mouth and oven floor
295
00:20:14,103 --> 00:20:18,000
With plaster.
296
00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:20,793
They also use plaster
To create a smooth surface
297
00:20:20,793 --> 00:20:22,689
On top of the mouth.
298
00:20:22,689 --> 00:20:24,862
Now, the smoke will rise
Through the hood
299
00:20:24,862 --> 00:20:28,482
Toward the chimney instead of
Being trapped in the oven.
300
00:20:28,482 --> 00:20:34,172
They position steel side plates
And weld them to the over mouth.
301
00:20:34,172 --> 00:20:38,103
Then, they wield
On a curved steel front plate.
302
00:20:40,344 --> 00:20:41,758
Next, they construct
303
00:20:41,758 --> 00:20:45,517
A funnel-shaped
Stainless steel hood.
304
00:20:45,517 --> 00:20:47,448
They fill the hood
With the same mixture
305
00:20:47,448 --> 00:20:50,034
They used for the oven's base.
306
00:20:50,034 --> 00:20:55,482
They cover the dome with wire
Mesh to compact the mix.
307
00:20:55,482 --> 00:20:58,344
Then, they apply a final coat
Of the mixture.
308
00:21:03,793 --> 00:21:06,620
A worker lays a cast iron plate
On the base,
309
00:21:06,620 --> 00:21:11,068
Directly in front of the mouth.
310
00:21:11,068 --> 00:21:13,793
He spreads a smooth finishing
Layer of concrete
311
00:21:13,793 --> 00:21:17,724
On both the dome and the base.
312
00:21:17,724 --> 00:21:19,034
Then, they paint the steel
313
00:21:19,034 --> 00:21:22,310
And cast iron parts
With anti-corrosion paint.
314
00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:24,689
They install marble on the base
315
00:21:24,689 --> 00:21:27,724
And apply paint or tile
To the dome.
316
00:21:27,724 --> 00:21:30,827
They mount the oven steel door
Last.
317
00:21:30,827 --> 00:21:34,379
They fire up the oven for 9 days
To dry all the natural
318
00:21:34,379 --> 00:21:35,827
Construction materials.
319
00:21:35,827 --> 00:21:37,931
Then, this oven is complete.
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