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Brazil.
The beating heart of South America.
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00:00:12,980 --> 00:00:18,020
Vast landscapes, carved by the
irresistible forces of nature.
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00:00:30,340 --> 00:00:34,420
More animals live here
than in any other nation on Earth.
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00:00:46,260 --> 00:00:48,900
This is the story of three of them.
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00:00:48,900 --> 00:00:51,060
SQUEAKING
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00:00:55,420 --> 00:00:57,580
As the seasons change,
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00:00:57,580 --> 00:01:01,100
animal families face
extreme challenges.
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00:01:01,100 --> 00:01:03,100
THUNDER ROARS
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00:01:05,860 --> 00:01:07,580
Immense floods.
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00:01:10,540 --> 00:01:12,060
Brutal drought.
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00:01:17,620 --> 00:01:20,060
Surviving and raising young.
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00:01:20,060 --> 00:01:23,060
LOUD SQUEALS
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00:01:23,060 --> 00:01:26,860
Through the good times
and the bad...
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00:01:26,860 --> 00:01:28,820
SCREECHING
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00:01:30,940 --> 00:01:32,780
..this is an intimate journey
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00:01:32,780 --> 00:01:35,820
to the heart of a spectacular
country.
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00:01:49,940 --> 00:01:55,500
The monsoon floods are over
and the land is drying out fast.
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00:01:55,500 --> 00:01:57,540
CAPUCHIN SQUEAKS
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00:01:57,540 --> 00:02:01,700
The baby tufted capuchin has
found his place in his group's
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00:02:01,700 --> 00:02:03,060
complex society.
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00:02:04,900 --> 00:02:08,940
The young coatis have worked out
who's friend and who's foe.
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00:02:12,660 --> 00:02:15,820
And the otter kits have learned to
swim in Brazil's most
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00:02:15,820 --> 00:02:17,060
dangerous waters.
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00:02:19,540 --> 00:02:22,340
With the youngsters becoming
independent,
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00:02:22,340 --> 00:02:25,860
their parents are thinking about
the next generation.
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00:02:27,900 --> 00:02:31,620
But finding a mate won't be easy.
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00:02:31,620 --> 00:02:35,100
They're about to be faced with
Brazil's harshest season...
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00:02:37,020 --> 00:02:39,740
..drought and fire.
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00:02:55,420 --> 00:02:58,300
INSECTS BUZZ
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00:03:02,340 --> 00:03:09,700
This is the hottest, driest
part of Brazil - northeast Piaui.
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00:03:13,980 --> 00:03:18,700
The temperature here
exceeds 40 degrees centigrade.
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00:03:18,700 --> 00:03:21,060
It hasn't rained for months.
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PERSISTENT STONE CRACKING
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CRACKING CONTINUES
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00:03:38,700 --> 00:03:42,660
These canyons are home to
a group of tufted capuchin monkeys.
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00:03:42,660 --> 00:03:44,700
SCREECHING
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00:03:53,140 --> 00:03:55,100
The young ones are growing up fast.
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00:04:00,460 --> 00:04:04,300
This female no longer has
a baby to look after,
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00:04:04,300 --> 00:04:07,340
and her biological clock has
started ticking again.
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00:04:11,420 --> 00:04:14,660
CHIRPING
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00:04:17,260 --> 00:04:22,380
In her eyes, her perfect partner
is the dominant male.
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00:04:28,220 --> 00:04:30,620
He's strong and healthy,
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00:04:30,620 --> 00:04:34,260
and he's been head of this troop
for five years.
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00:04:42,700 --> 00:04:46,580
Soon she'll be ready to mate,
but she's chosen
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just about the toughest time of year
to start courting him.
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00:04:53,460 --> 00:04:57,300
It's not easy living
here at any time of year,
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00:04:57,300 --> 00:05:03,020
but in the dry season,
finding food is incredibly hard.
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00:05:10,060 --> 00:05:13,780
The only reason these monkeys can
survive here at all is
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because they've worked out
how to use tools.
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00:05:19,260 --> 00:05:23,540
Even so, they must spend
a lot of their time foraging.
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00:05:25,380 --> 00:05:27,380
It takes a lot of practice.
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00:05:33,380 --> 00:05:37,940
Capuchin females need to give birth
when there's more food around,
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00:05:37,940 --> 00:05:40,380
in the wet season.
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00:05:40,380 --> 00:05:42,220
To do that, she needs to mate now.
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Timing is everything.
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00:05:50,900 --> 00:05:54,900
Unfortunately,
he doesn't share her enthusiasm.
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00:06:11,060 --> 00:06:13,260
Female capuchins have to be
persistent.
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00:06:18,780 --> 00:06:22,340
She tries to seduce him.
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00:06:24,780 --> 00:06:27,180
But he's playing hard to get.
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00:06:27,180 --> 00:06:29,820
CHIRPING
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00:06:29,820 --> 00:06:31,380
FEMALE CAPUCHIN SQUEAKS
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00:06:31,380 --> 00:06:33,020
MALE CAPUCHIN HISSES
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00:06:40,300 --> 00:06:42,260
MALE HISSES
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00:06:45,900 --> 00:06:49,500
He's got all the time in the world.
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She doesn't.
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00:06:51,460 --> 00:06:55,300
She'll have to do more to
impress him, and soon.
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00:06:59,580 --> 00:07:00,620
Meanwhile,
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00:07:00,620 --> 00:07:04,380
her world grows hotter
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00:07:04,380 --> 00:07:05,700
and drier.
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00:07:15,860 --> 00:07:17,940
Hundreds of miles to the southwest,
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00:07:17,940 --> 00:07:20,940
whole landscapes
are changing dramatically.
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00:07:27,260 --> 00:07:28,580
A few months ago,
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00:07:28,580 --> 00:07:31,780
vast floods
covered Brazil's Vazantes.
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00:07:34,740 --> 00:07:37,180
Now the land is turning to dust.
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00:08:07,460 --> 00:08:10,260
BIRDS CALL
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00:08:14,980 --> 00:08:17,220
Pools are becoming
desperately scarce.
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00:08:18,860 --> 00:08:22,500
This tiny water hole is now
the only one for miles around.
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00:08:28,380 --> 00:08:31,100
It's a lifeline for many creatures,
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00:08:31,100 --> 00:08:33,660
including this family of coatis.
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00:08:39,820 --> 00:08:43,180
They survived the flood
by taking refuge in the trees.
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00:08:45,500 --> 00:08:49,980
Now they face a long trek,
every day, just to get a drink.
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00:08:59,420 --> 00:09:01,060
This group's largest coati
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00:09:01,060 --> 00:09:02,500
is a dark male.
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00:09:05,700 --> 00:09:08,180
But he's just a guest
in this all-female group.
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00:09:09,420 --> 00:09:12,460
He's come here to find a mate.
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00:09:31,500 --> 00:09:33,780
Their youngsters
are almost fully grown.
87
00:09:33,780 --> 00:09:37,620
So this male knows that the females
will soon be ready to breed.
88
00:09:43,140 --> 00:09:46,380
Just like the capuchins,
for the coatis,
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00:09:46,380 --> 00:09:49,180
the dry season
is all about courtship.
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00:09:51,420 --> 00:09:54,020
The females must conceive now,
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00:09:54,020 --> 00:09:56,180
so their babies
are born with the rains.
92
00:10:06,180 --> 00:10:09,060
But right now
they don't seem to be in any hurry.
93
00:10:13,540 --> 00:10:16,700
And even the male
seems happy enough to wait.
94
00:10:22,620 --> 00:10:24,140
But there's trouble ahead.
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00:10:26,380 --> 00:10:27,380
A rival male.
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00:10:32,100 --> 00:10:37,380
He's not attached to any group
at the moment, but he'd like to be.
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00:10:55,980 --> 00:10:57,900
If the dark male wants to stay here,
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00:10:57,900 --> 00:11:00,300
he may have to fight for it.
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00:11:11,900 --> 00:11:13,300
He sizes up his rival.
100
00:11:23,260 --> 00:11:25,700
Male coatis
pack a serious set of teeth.
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00:11:29,380 --> 00:11:33,500
And the intruder makes himself
bigger by bristling up his fur.
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00:11:38,100 --> 00:11:39,100
He means business.
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00:11:54,820 --> 00:11:56,780
HE has nothing to lose.
104
00:12:00,460 --> 00:12:03,140
The dark male has a simple choice,
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00:12:03,140 --> 00:12:06,460
stay and fight or walk away.
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00:12:16,860 --> 00:12:18,940
He's lost his females.
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00:12:21,780 --> 00:12:25,100
If he wants to be a father this
year, he'll have to win them back.
108
00:12:27,260 --> 00:12:28,660
And soon he'll be out of time.
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00:12:30,020 --> 00:12:32,500
The dry season
is almost at its peak.
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00:12:48,220 --> 00:12:50,620
The tropical sun bakes the land.
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00:12:51,660 --> 00:12:55,100
What few clouds remain
offer no chance of rain.
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00:13:00,340 --> 00:13:02,980
And with no rain to feed the rivers,
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the Pantanal,
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the largest freshwater wetland on
the planet, is starting to dry out.
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00:13:31,820 --> 00:13:34,420
The flood season
seems like a distant memory.
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00:13:37,820 --> 00:13:40,980
At this time of year,
keeping cool is a real problem.
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00:13:55,620 --> 00:13:59,740
At over 100 kilos,
almost as big as a lion,
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00:13:59,740 --> 00:14:03,940
this male jaguar feels
the heat more than most.
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00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:31,860
In the coming weeks,
he too must find a mate.
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00:14:33,420 --> 00:14:38,820
But for now, he can't even find
a bit of peace in the shade.
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00:14:38,820 --> 00:14:41,660
OTTERS CRY
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00:15:01,780 --> 00:15:05,100
This giant otter family
are noisy neighbours
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00:15:05,100 --> 00:15:08,500
and fiercely protective
of their favourite sandbanks.
124
00:15:18,500 --> 00:15:22,340
Unlike jaguars,
the parents of this young otter
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00:15:22,340 --> 00:15:24,580
aren't thinking about mating,
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00:15:24,580 --> 00:15:27,100
they've still got
some more parenting to do.
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00:15:31,500 --> 00:15:33,500
Soon it'll be time for this one
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00:15:33,500 --> 00:15:35,740
to learn how to catch her own fish.
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00:15:52,620 --> 00:15:54,460
Her mother's milk is running dry.
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00:15:56,260 --> 00:15:59,740
So now, when the rest of the family
bring fish back to the holt,
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00:15:59,740 --> 00:16:01,980
she's determined to grab
a piece for herself.
132
00:16:18,020 --> 00:16:20,340
Getting fish
from the adults is easy.
133
00:16:21,700 --> 00:16:24,700
Keeping it from her siblings
is much trickier.
134
00:16:26,660 --> 00:16:29,980
THEY SQUEAL
135
00:17:00,900 --> 00:17:03,500
Fights like this
aren't just about food.
136
00:17:11,100 --> 00:17:13,660
Giant otters live in large families.
137
00:17:13,660 --> 00:17:15,660
This will help establish
their position
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00:17:15,660 --> 00:17:17,300
in the group's pecking order.
139
00:17:25,620 --> 00:17:26,620
Oh, dear.
140
00:17:41,060 --> 00:17:43,540
Mother's milk
won't be enough for much longer.
141
00:17:44,660 --> 00:17:47,380
The sooner she can catch
her own fish, the better.
142
00:17:54,900 --> 00:17:56,380
The dropping water levels
143
00:17:56,380 --> 00:17:58,900
mean fishing should
become easier for the otters.
144
00:18:04,460 --> 00:18:05,900
But for the jaguars,
145
00:18:05,900 --> 00:18:07,300
it makes life harder.
146
00:18:12,980 --> 00:18:15,220
This male is now
searching for a mate.
147
00:18:26,020 --> 00:18:29,660
Scent marks tell him if any
receptive females have been here.
148
00:18:32,660 --> 00:18:35,940
What he can't tell
is where to find them.
149
00:18:43,300 --> 00:18:46,580
A female's territory can stretch
for 50 square kilometres.
150
00:18:49,260 --> 00:18:52,460
And the falling water levels
mean that with every passing day,
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00:18:52,460 --> 00:18:56,820
he has to cover more and more
ground to try and find her.
152
00:19:15,660 --> 00:19:18,620
As the dry season wears on,
153
00:19:18,620 --> 00:19:21,180
some of the rivers
stop flowing altogether.
154
00:19:22,860 --> 00:19:26,180
Most of the fish trapped in this
pool were snapped up long ago.
155
00:19:29,220 --> 00:19:31,340
It's a challenging time for caiman.
156
00:19:33,820 --> 00:19:36,260
This one must have been desperate
157
00:19:36,260 --> 00:19:37,660
to tackle a porcupine.
158
00:19:43,540 --> 00:19:46,220
For the animals that live here,
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00:19:46,220 --> 00:19:48,540
the pressure is intense.
160
00:19:49,900 --> 00:19:52,700
But for one creature,
this is their moment.
161
00:20:12,660 --> 00:20:13,860
During the wet season,
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00:20:13,860 --> 00:20:18,100
millions of caterpillars grew fat
on an abundance of leaves.
163
00:20:20,540 --> 00:20:22,580
Now they've emerged as hawk moths.
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00:20:27,260 --> 00:20:30,300
They'll mate and lay eggs
in just a few days.
165
00:20:32,740 --> 00:20:35,820
But first they must drink,
166
00:20:35,820 --> 00:20:38,420
and there are very few places
left to do that safely.
167
00:21:00,580 --> 00:21:03,820
More and more moths emerge
from the surrounding trees.
168
00:21:17,220 --> 00:21:18,700
Hatching all together
169
00:21:18,700 --> 00:21:21,500
means that enough of them
will survive to find a mate.
170
00:21:23,500 --> 00:21:26,020
The females will lay eggs
ready to hatch
171
00:21:26,020 --> 00:21:27,820
when there's plenty of greenery
172
00:21:27,820 --> 00:21:30,020
for a new generation
of caterpillars.
173
00:22:15,740 --> 00:22:18,780
In the dry canyons
of Serra da Capivara,
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00:22:18,780 --> 00:22:21,820
all the capuchins
are feeling the heat.
175
00:22:29,940 --> 00:22:34,820
For this female capuchin,
things have become even more urgent.
176
00:22:36,060 --> 00:22:39,340
She has come into oestrus.
177
00:22:39,340 --> 00:22:43,140
She must mate in the next four days
if she wants to have a baby.
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00:22:53,860 --> 00:22:55,660
She's now so obsessed,
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00:22:55,660 --> 00:22:57,220
that she's barely eating,
180
00:22:57,220 --> 00:22:58,260
or even drinking.
181
00:23:02,860 --> 00:23:05,140
That's got to be tough in this heat.
182
00:23:18,620 --> 00:23:20,700
For the troop's youngest member,
183
00:23:20,700 --> 00:23:22,740
just finding food is a struggle.
184
00:23:31,380 --> 00:23:32,980
Even the adults find it hard.
185
00:23:51,780 --> 00:23:54,420
But these monkeys aren't after food,
186
00:23:54,420 --> 00:23:56,460
they're after minerals.
187
00:24:05,100 --> 00:24:10,460
And they get those by licking
or even inhaling this dust.
188
00:24:16,580 --> 00:24:18,140
No-one knows why they do it.
189
00:24:26,540 --> 00:24:30,340
But this group are probably
the smartest monkeys in the world
190
00:24:30,340 --> 00:24:33,620
and they may be using this
for medicinal purposes.
191
00:24:37,620 --> 00:24:39,740
Quite how they learned
to do this is a mystery.
192
00:24:41,300 --> 00:24:43,180
But capuchins learn by example.
193
00:24:45,620 --> 00:24:47,020
One monkey starts...
194
00:24:49,060 --> 00:24:51,100
..and soon they're all doing it.
195
00:24:55,380 --> 00:24:57,940
But despite
their obvious intelligence,
196
00:24:57,940 --> 00:25:01,260
this male seems incapable
of taking a hint.
197
00:25:09,860 --> 00:25:14,260
Males of most species rarely need
to be asked more than once.
198
00:25:17,460 --> 00:25:21,220
But no matter what she tries,
199
00:25:21,220 --> 00:25:23,100
she just can't get his attention.
200
00:25:35,780 --> 00:25:38,420
She has just days
to change his mind.
201
00:25:53,180 --> 00:25:56,180
Drought tightens
its grip across the country.
202
00:25:58,780 --> 00:26:01,780
The Pantanal's rivers shrink
further in the baking sun.
203
00:26:12,340 --> 00:26:15,620
Silt from the last floods
dries into dust.
204
00:26:32,100 --> 00:26:34,980
The sand is almost too hot
to walk on.
205
00:26:39,300 --> 00:26:41,460
Even the caiman
take cover in the shade.
206
00:26:54,620 --> 00:26:56,900
This male jaguar can't rest.
207
00:26:56,900 --> 00:27:00,780
He has too much ground
to cover in his search for a mate.
208
00:27:08,620 --> 00:27:10,660
With so little water left,
209
00:27:10,660 --> 00:27:14,780
the chances are that any females
will be somewhere along this river.
210
00:27:16,140 --> 00:27:18,780
And although he doesn't realise it,
211
00:27:18,780 --> 00:27:20,300
there is a female,
212
00:27:20,300 --> 00:27:22,060
just a few miles away.
213
00:27:30,980 --> 00:27:33,180
She too has a one-track mind,
214
00:27:33,180 --> 00:27:35,420
but food is what she's after.
215
00:27:37,540 --> 00:27:39,900
Like many of the Pantanal's jaguars,
216
00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:42,980
she specialises in hunting caiman
217
00:27:42,980 --> 00:27:46,620
which is why adults will flee
at the first sight of a jaguar.
218
00:28:03,940 --> 00:28:06,420
But baby caiman
have yet to learn this.
219
00:28:10,780 --> 00:28:11,860
At this time of year
220
00:28:11,860 --> 00:28:14,820
they're hiding in the nooks
and crannies of the exposed banks.
221
00:28:17,020 --> 00:28:19,420
Easy pickings,
IF she can dig one out.
222
00:28:31,500 --> 00:28:35,700
They may not be much of a meal,
but they're easier to catch
223
00:28:35,700 --> 00:28:37,980
and she needs all the food
she can get.
224
00:28:56,860 --> 00:29:00,340
That's a lot of work
for a little caiman.
225
00:29:00,340 --> 00:29:03,380
She'll need plenty more
if she's to breed successfully.
226
00:29:09,220 --> 00:29:12,940
The lower water level should
make our baby otters' lives easier.
227
00:29:18,780 --> 00:29:22,300
After all, less water
should make fish easier to catch.
228
00:29:26,740 --> 00:29:30,180
But less water means more mud.
229
00:29:30,180 --> 00:29:32,020
And that makes fish hard to see.
230
00:29:40,100 --> 00:29:42,380
She must learn
to use her whiskers instead.
231
00:29:49,140 --> 00:29:51,380
It could take a while
to get the hang of it.
232
00:29:57,980 --> 00:29:59,540
The adults make it look easy.
233
00:30:07,980 --> 00:30:10,900
But the days
of free hand-outs are over.
234
00:30:25,900 --> 00:30:28,540
Perhaps temptation
will encourage her to hunt.
235
00:30:51,940 --> 00:30:56,060
There are over 200 species
of fish in these rivers,
236
00:30:56,060 --> 00:30:57,940
she just needs to catch one of them.
237
00:31:19,220 --> 00:31:20,860
Her mother keeps a close eye.
238
00:31:30,620 --> 00:31:31,580
Success.
239
00:31:42,620 --> 00:31:44,340
It's an important moment -
240
00:31:44,340 --> 00:31:47,460
one of her final steps
towards adulthood.
241
00:31:56,460 --> 00:31:59,500
Her parents' duties are almost done.
242
00:32:02,820 --> 00:32:06,580
Soon her mother will turn
her attentions back to her partner
243
00:32:06,580 --> 00:32:09,140
and will look to expand
the family once more.
244
00:32:17,980 --> 00:32:20,180
For now, the drought intensifies.
245
00:32:23,420 --> 00:32:27,100
In the Vazantes,
all the water holes have dried up.
246
00:32:43,740 --> 00:32:46,420
Life for many animals
would be impossible
247
00:32:46,420 --> 00:32:48,860
were it not for one special tree.
248
00:32:51,580 --> 00:32:53,500
Even in the toughest drought,
249
00:32:53,500 --> 00:32:56,260
acuri palms produce
an abundance of fruit.
250
00:33:06,340 --> 00:33:09,100
And it's not just coatis
enjoying the feast.
251
00:33:16,300 --> 00:33:19,100
But this male coati
isn't interested in food.
252
00:33:21,340 --> 00:33:23,180
He really wants to mate.
253
00:33:29,380 --> 00:33:31,740
Having lost a fight to a rival,
254
00:33:31,740 --> 00:33:34,580
he's no longer allowed
anywhere near the females.
255
00:33:39,860 --> 00:33:43,660
The chances of him breeding at all
this year are getting slimmer.
256
00:33:51,620 --> 00:33:55,700
For the intruder,
things look very different.
257
00:33:55,700 --> 00:33:58,340
He now has access
to lots of females.
258
00:34:11,660 --> 00:34:14,580
But for them,
mating can be a painful affair.
259
00:34:16,620 --> 00:34:19,620
And if the male's too rough,
he's swiftly punished.
260
00:34:45,780 --> 00:34:48,700
The females have pushed
the intruder away.
261
00:34:48,700 --> 00:34:52,540
This could be the chance
the dark male has been waiting for.
262
00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:17,940
Now HE's the one
who has nothing to lose.
263
00:35:46,220 --> 00:35:50,060
But if he thought his rival
would just give up, he's mistaken.
264
00:35:57,660 --> 00:35:59,580
A standoff,
265
00:35:59,580 --> 00:36:01,420
again.
266
00:36:03,660 --> 00:36:05,260
With everything to play for.
267
00:36:38,820 --> 00:36:42,620
The fight has cost the dark male
a nasty cut on his nose.
268
00:36:43,660 --> 00:36:46,780
But he's won back
the affection of his females,
269
00:36:46,780 --> 00:36:49,260
and the chance to father
a new generation.
270
00:37:09,660 --> 00:37:13,940
As the days pass,
the temperature rises further.
271
00:37:13,940 --> 00:37:18,100
In some places, the land
is now becoming dangerously dry.
272
00:37:29,980 --> 00:37:34,420
Almost a quarter of this
vast country is covered in savanna.
273
00:37:35,980 --> 00:37:42,180
Two million square kilometres
of grassland, the Brazilian Cerrado.
274
00:37:56,780 --> 00:37:59,020
It's one of the oldest
and most diverse
275
00:37:59,020 --> 00:38:01,420
tropical ecosystems on the planet.
276
00:38:05,140 --> 00:38:07,540
A third of all
Brazilian species live here.
277
00:38:26,980 --> 00:38:30,500
Drought has dried
these grasses to a crisp.
278
00:38:32,580 --> 00:38:36,220
Now this entire landscape
is a tinderbox.
279
00:38:47,180 --> 00:38:48,540
All of the animals here
280
00:38:48,540 --> 00:38:51,180
are adapted to survive
in these harsh conditions.
281
00:38:54,300 --> 00:38:58,340
But there's one force of nature
that no creature can survive.
282
00:39:13,900 --> 00:39:16,780
Thunderstorms can create
lightning without rain.
283
00:39:17,900 --> 00:39:19,900
One strike is all it takes.
284
00:39:56,660 --> 00:39:58,500
At the height of the dry season,
285
00:39:58,500 --> 00:40:01,700
hundreds of fires a day
may burn across Brazil.
286
00:40:30,660 --> 00:40:32,620
Once they've started,
287
00:40:32,620 --> 00:40:36,660
these fires can take on
a momentum all of their own.
288
00:41:32,900 --> 00:41:35,140
Slowly, the animals return.
289
00:41:36,980 --> 00:41:39,300
But their home
has been turned to ash.
290
00:42:06,060 --> 00:42:08,140
They've survived the fire,
291
00:42:08,140 --> 00:42:10,100
but how long can they survive now?
292
00:42:54,180 --> 00:42:56,580
At the height of the fire season,
293
00:42:56,580 --> 00:42:59,460
much of Brazil
wakes to blood-red skies.
294
00:43:07,780 --> 00:43:12,580
Landscapes hundreds of kilometres
away are bathed in eerie light.
295
00:43:51,460 --> 00:43:54,700
The Pantanal has escaped the flames,
296
00:43:54,700 --> 00:43:59,180
but here most of the rivers
are now barely recognisable.
297
00:44:10,340 --> 00:44:13,500
It's at this toughest time
of the year
298
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:17,060
that the female jaguar
is ready for mating.
299
00:44:40,820 --> 00:44:44,060
Finally, the male's search is over.
300
00:45:14,660 --> 00:45:17,780
They'll mate repeatedly over
the next few days.
301
00:45:39,580 --> 00:45:43,780
Until recently, jaguars
were thought of as solitary,
302
00:45:43,780 --> 00:45:45,820
only ever getting together briefly.
303
00:45:48,820 --> 00:45:50,900
But the jaguars in the Pantanal
304
00:45:50,900 --> 00:45:53,740
are now revealing
a different side to these cats.
305
00:46:01,420 --> 00:46:03,900
This pair may stay together
for weeks,
306
00:46:03,900 --> 00:46:05,740
or even months.
307
00:46:22,380 --> 00:46:26,620
In the canyon lands,
the drought has reached its height.
308
00:46:32,100 --> 00:46:33,620
It's been four days
309
00:46:33,620 --> 00:46:37,020
since this female first set eyes
on the object of her desire.
310
00:46:39,260 --> 00:46:41,780
She's been pursuing him relentlessly
311
00:46:41,780 --> 00:46:44,540
and he's stubbornly ignored her.
312
00:46:52,500 --> 00:46:56,300
Today, her world has changed.
313
00:47:10,100 --> 00:47:13,860
At last,
he's allowed her to groom him.
314
00:47:20,260 --> 00:47:21,980
And for the first time,
315
00:47:21,980 --> 00:47:24,260
her affections are returned.
316
00:47:53,340 --> 00:47:56,220
They move away
from the rest of the troop.
317
00:47:57,660 --> 00:47:59,380
It's time for a little privacy.
318
00:48:32,980 --> 00:48:34,820
She is exhausted.
319
00:48:37,460 --> 00:48:39,500
And he is a changed male.
320
00:48:53,740 --> 00:48:57,580
This little one won't be the
troop's youngest for much longer.
321
00:49:10,180 --> 00:49:11,660
All of our animal families
322
00:49:11,660 --> 00:49:14,460
have survived this season
of drought and fire.
323
00:49:16,460 --> 00:49:20,020
Drawing on
their resilience, ingenuity
324
00:49:20,020 --> 00:49:21,380
and teamwork.
325
00:49:32,100 --> 00:49:36,260
Soon the rains will return
326
00:49:36,260 --> 00:49:39,420
and with the harsh days
of drought over,
327
00:49:39,420 --> 00:49:41,860
Brazil will burst into life
once more.
328
00:50:06,900 --> 00:50:10,700
This land of extremes
has swung from flood to fire,
329
00:50:10,700 --> 00:50:14,420
and these animals have done
more than just survive here.
330
00:50:16,380 --> 00:50:18,180
They've flourished.
331
00:50:22,260 --> 00:50:23,300
They've nurtured.
332
00:50:24,820 --> 00:50:26,500
They've grown.
333
00:50:29,260 --> 00:50:32,820
And now,
a new generation is on its way.
334
00:50:34,420 --> 00:50:38,540
They too will have to find their way
in this extraordinary country.
335
00:51:12,660 --> 00:51:14,300
Of all Brazil's animal families,
336
00:51:14,300 --> 00:51:18,020
one in particular captured
the hearts of the Wild Brazil team.
337
00:51:25,100 --> 00:51:29,180
They'd been amazed by the
ingenuity of the tufted capuchins.
338
00:51:29,180 --> 00:51:31,380
But what would happen
339
00:51:31,380 --> 00:51:33,580
when their intelligence
was really put to the test?
340
00:51:37,700 --> 00:51:40,900
Cameraman Ted Giffords
was following the monkey family
341
00:51:40,900 --> 00:51:42,900
in Serra da Capivara National Park.
342
00:51:45,500 --> 00:51:48,020
They're usually
rather difficult to find.
343
00:51:48,020 --> 00:51:51,020
So we're driving to find the monkeys
and one's just ran across the road.
344
00:51:51,020 --> 00:51:52,220
That's really funny, so...
345
00:51:52,220 --> 00:51:54,220
Oh, that's Chica. That's Chica.
346
00:51:54,220 --> 00:51:57,380
You can recognise her
because she has got an amazing quiff.
347
00:52:05,900 --> 00:52:09,700
Soon everyone followed Chica
to explore Ted's car.
348
00:52:09,700 --> 00:52:12,100
I think this car must be
a very strange object to them
349
00:52:12,100 --> 00:52:14,220
because it's completely
smooth and slippery.
350
00:52:14,220 --> 00:52:16,260
It's fascinating watching
their thought process
351
00:52:16,260 --> 00:52:18,420
because they are sliding
around on it and tapping it,
352
00:52:18,420 --> 00:52:19,860
thinking, "Well, what is this?"
353
00:52:19,860 --> 00:52:22,940
But they know it contains
something worth having.
354
00:52:25,300 --> 00:52:29,660
It's this amazing curiosity towards
anything new in their environment
355
00:52:29,660 --> 00:52:32,780
that primatologist
Camila Coelho is using to test
356
00:52:32,780 --> 00:52:34,500
how capuchins learn new behaviours.
357
00:52:40,060 --> 00:52:42,260
This is the first time
a study like this
358
00:52:42,260 --> 00:52:45,460
has been tried with wild capuchins
anywhere in the world.
359
00:52:49,580 --> 00:52:51,660
But how would Chica
and her family do?
360
00:52:53,020 --> 00:52:55,860
Chica is trying to get
the experiment started
361
00:52:55,860 --> 00:52:57,300
before we're ready.
362
00:52:57,300 --> 00:53:01,500
So we have to distract her
off somewhere,
363
00:53:01,500 --> 00:53:04,140
so that I can get it all set
and the cameras rolling.
364
00:53:04,140 --> 00:53:05,580
It's actually quite good
365
00:53:05,580 --> 00:53:09,100
because it means
we have always a keen participant.
366
00:53:13,100 --> 00:53:15,340
Now at the peak of the dry season,
367
00:53:15,340 --> 00:53:17,900
the smell of the mango juice
in the tubes
368
00:53:17,900 --> 00:53:19,820
was definitely
getting their attention.
369
00:53:21,180 --> 00:53:24,980
But how would they adapt their
foraging techniques to get to it?
370
00:53:31,380 --> 00:53:33,020
First a "tail drinking" method
371
00:53:33,020 --> 00:53:34,420
that they use to get water
372
00:53:34,420 --> 00:53:36,180
hidden deep inside tree holes.
373
00:53:40,300 --> 00:53:43,780
Teeth that work so well on bark
are also great on plastic.
374
00:53:46,420 --> 00:53:50,140
And the stone tools that crack seeds
work even better here.
375
00:54:00,260 --> 00:54:03,420
But one monkey was inventing
a completely new approach.
376
00:54:11,380 --> 00:54:14,660
She undoes tube number three
377
00:54:14,660 --> 00:54:16,460
and carries it away.
378
00:54:18,860 --> 00:54:21,740
Trust Chica to come in
and literally steal the show.
379
00:54:21,740 --> 00:54:23,860
Well, it's a solution.
380
00:54:23,860 --> 00:54:28,060
Not the one
we were hoping for, but...
381
00:54:28,060 --> 00:54:30,900
They could clearly adapt their
behaviour to get new resources.
382
00:54:30,900 --> 00:54:34,340
But could they learn
completely new skills?
383
00:54:35,980 --> 00:54:37,860
To really getting them thinking,
384
00:54:37,860 --> 00:54:40,580
Camila had devised
something a bit more taxing.
385
00:54:41,780 --> 00:54:44,740
Enter the monkey-proof box.
386
00:54:48,980 --> 00:54:52,820
A simple pull of the latch
would release the food inside,
387
00:54:52,820 --> 00:54:56,140
but the capuchins had never
seen anything like this before.
388
00:54:57,740 --> 00:55:00,780
Ted was there to see
if they could crack it.
389
00:55:03,660 --> 00:55:06,460
Rather like investigating Ted's car,
390
00:55:06,460 --> 00:55:09,460
at first, a quick feel
to figure out what it's made of.
391
00:55:10,420 --> 00:55:12,740
But how to get at what's inside?
392
00:55:21,260 --> 00:55:24,100
Clever tool use wasn't cracking it.
393
00:55:35,500 --> 00:55:37,340
The dominant males muscled in.
394
00:55:37,340 --> 00:55:39,980
Brute force
didn't seem to work either.
395
00:55:44,900 --> 00:55:46,460
No-one could figure it out.
396
00:55:51,340 --> 00:55:53,980
But one monkey had other ideas.
397
00:56:01,500 --> 00:56:04,940
Making sure she had the box
just to herself,
398
00:56:04,940 --> 00:56:07,740
Chica tried her own investigation.
399
00:56:17,980 --> 00:56:19,020
Success at last.
400
00:56:23,220 --> 00:56:25,980
It wasn't any more difficult
401
00:56:25,980 --> 00:56:27,420
than what she's used to,
402
00:56:27,420 --> 00:56:31,660
just different,
and that's the point -
403
00:56:31,660 --> 00:56:33,540
Chica had learnt something new.
404
00:56:35,620 --> 00:56:37,300
Much to her amazement,
405
00:56:37,300 --> 00:56:42,140
a lift of the latch
delivered the nuts again and again.
406
00:56:48,380 --> 00:56:51,660
The question now was would she share
407
00:56:51,660 --> 00:56:53,500
the secret with the others?
408
00:56:53,500 --> 00:56:56,420
Because she definitely
wasn't sharing the nuts.
409
00:57:02,420 --> 00:57:04,260
As she moved back to the box,
410
00:57:04,260 --> 00:57:06,700
one youngster
was taking a keen interest.
411
00:57:20,700 --> 00:57:22,580
Chica appeared happy enough
412
00:57:22,580 --> 00:57:25,460
to reveal the technique
to this onlooker.
413
00:57:25,460 --> 00:57:28,140
He watched carefully and learned.
414
00:57:37,780 --> 00:57:38,820
The secret was out.
415
00:57:40,420 --> 00:57:43,260
And then it spread like a craze
throughout the group.
416
00:57:50,980 --> 00:57:53,980
Even the old dogs
learnt the new trick.
417
00:58:02,580 --> 00:58:04,780
It's actually quite funny,
how frantic they are.
418
00:58:04,780 --> 00:58:07,260
They take their handfuls
and they run away with handfuls.
419
00:58:07,260 --> 00:58:09,860
They're like naughty school children
running away with food.
420
00:58:14,100 --> 00:58:16,220
The experiment had worked.
421
00:58:16,220 --> 00:58:20,260
Camila had seen how new ideas
spread throughout the entire group.
422
00:58:23,260 --> 00:58:26,100
It's all down to
the capuchins' winning formula
423
00:58:26,100 --> 00:58:30,660
of insatiable curiosity and their
ability to learn from each other.
424
00:58:34,980 --> 00:58:37,500
By getting really close
to each animal family
425
00:58:37,500 --> 00:58:41,100
and using the insights
of Brazil's top scientists,
426
00:58:41,100 --> 00:58:43,620
the team were able to give us
a truly unique
427
00:58:43,620 --> 00:58:47,060
and intimate view
of life in Wild Brazil.
33759
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