All language subtitles for S15E09 - Crosscut Saws; Haggis; Collectible Firearms (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track3_[eng]
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:08,000
Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator:
Chain saws and other machines
May dominate forestry,
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00:00:55,793 --> 00:00:57,965
But the human-powered
Crosscut saw
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Still has a basic appeal.
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Pushed and pulled
Through the trunks of trees,
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Its jagged blade
Can handle any job,
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That is, until the person
Operating it runs out of gas.
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Making a crosscut saw
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Is an exact science
That dates back centuries.
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At this factory,
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They make these saws
The old-fashioned way,
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Mostly by hand.
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It's a nod to a time
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When these saws were
At the forefront of history,
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Helping to clear the way
For railways and settlements.
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With guillotine blades,
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A worker first trims
A steel rectangle
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Along the lines measured
And marked onto it.
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The trimming gives it
A distinctive taper
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And establishes
The correct dimensions.
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This particular saw
Is a one-person model,
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So it's about 3 feet long.
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Using a punch cutter,
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The worker carves gullets
In the steel.
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These are the valleys
Between sawteeth,
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Through which sawdust
And debris are cleared.
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He cuts one gullet every inch.
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He then cuts the teeth,
Three between each gullet.
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This pattern is known
As the great american tooth.
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It's designed to cut medium
To hardwoods
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Across the grain without snags.
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He hammers each tooth to bend it
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And alternates the direction
Of the bends --
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One up, the next down.
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This is called
Setting the teeth.
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And the result is protruding
Teeth that cut more efficiently.
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He files each tooth,
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Working from the bottom
Up to the tips
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And sharpens those tips
To a point.
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It takes about a half-hour
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To give this steel blank
Its crosscutting edge.
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A worker then connects the blade
To a power source.
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He centers a stencil of
The company logo on the saw...
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And then applies
Liquid electrolyte
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To the exposed metal
Within the stencil.
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He turns on the power,
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And the electrolyte conducts
The current
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To burn the logo into the metal.
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A computerized router
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Carves a piece of beech
Into the pistol-shaped handle.
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This software-driven tool
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Also drills holes
For installing the blade.
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The computerized system
Is quicker and more precise
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Than manual carving.
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An employee then cuts a slot
In the handle to fit the saw.
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He sands the edges of the handle
Until it's smooth.
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He then inserts the crosscut
Saw blade into the handle.
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It's a tight fit,
But to more solidly entrench it,
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He drills through the holes
In the wood handle
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To make corresponding holes
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In the metal blade
Sandwiched within it.
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He inserts screws
Into the handle,
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Securing the blade to it.
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He tightens the screws
As much as possible.
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And this one-person saw
Is now complete.
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A two-person crosscut saw
Is crescent-shaped and longer
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To cut through bigger trees.
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The teeth
Are also more substantial
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With deep pitches between them.
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Sawdust will be expelled
Through these deep pitches,
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So there's no need for gullets
In this particular cutting edge.
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Once the teeth have been cut,
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A worker places socket fittings
On each end of the saw.
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He pounds in rivets to secure
The fittings to the blade.
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These fittings will be used
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To install a different kind
Of handle known as a fist grip,
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Which is more suitable
For a two-person saw.
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It's essentially a wooden dowel
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That just slides
Into the socket fitting.
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It has taken about an hour
To make this crosscut saw.
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Wielded with force,
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It will cause mighty trees
To fall,
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Proving that this low-tech tool
Can still cut it on the jobsite.
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Narrator: haggis is
Scotland's national dish,
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Made from minced lamb and beef,
Encased in beef intestine.
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While quintessentially scottish,
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Historians believe haggis
Actually originated
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In ancient greece
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And eventually made its way
Northward
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With the romans to britain.
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Haggis is traditionally served
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With mashed potatoes
And turnips --
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What the scots call
Neeps and tatties --
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Along with a glass of
Scotch whiskey to wash it down.
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At the haggis factory,
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The production process begins
With beef fat.
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They put it through
A mechanical chopper,
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And a guillotine blade
Slices it up.
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The chunks of fat
Go into a large cook tank.
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They fill the tank with water
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And simmer the fat
For 2 1/2 hours.
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Then, using a strainer,
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They drain the cooked fat
And put it in a tub.
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Then they empty the tub
Into a mincer.
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00:07:04,206 --> 00:07:07,827
Next, they chop up lamb lungs.
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Haggis recipes sometimes
Also use heart and liver.
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They simmer those
In a cook tank, as well,
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For 2 1/2 hours.
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Using a strainer,
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They drain and remove
The cooked chopped lungs
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And transfer them to a tub.
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They now take
Dried, shredded onions
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And rehydrate them
With some stock
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From the cooked meat.
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They pour the onion
And stock mix
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Into the tub
With the cooked lungs...
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Then empty the whole thing
Into the mincer
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To join the ground fat.
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Next, two different grinds
Of oatmeal --
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Medium and coarse --
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To give the haggis
Just the right texture --
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Not too stiff,
But not too loose.
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The consistency is key,
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Which is why
The grind proportions
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Are a closely guarded
Company secret.
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Also a top secret --
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The composition of
The spice blend they now add.
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All the company will divulge
About this seasoning
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Is that it includes salt
And pepper.
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The oatmeal and spice blend
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Now join the other ingredients
In the mincer,
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And there you have it --
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The finished haggis mix,
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Ready to be stuffed
Into casings.
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In keeping with tradition,
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The company encases its haggis
In beef intestines.
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After a thorough cleaning,
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The intestines
Are stored in salt.
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Before use,
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They soak in cold water
Overnight to desalinate.
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This also softens them up
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Until sufficiently pliable
For the stuffing process.
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On the filling line,
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Workers slip an intestine over
What's called the stuffing horn.
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Then, with a knee,
Activate a lever
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That triggers the machine
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To pump out a set amount
Of haggis mix.
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On this run, they're preparing
The one-pound size.
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They close the casing
On either side
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With a thick aluminum staple.
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Now they spread the haggis out
On cooking trays
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And pierce each casing
To let air escape
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As the casing shrinks
During cooking.
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The temperature
Inside the steam oven
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Is 230 degrees fahrenheit.
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The haggis cooks for one hour,
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During which the casing shrinks
And forms into a ball shape.
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Once the haggis
Come out of the oven and cool,
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Workers cut them apart.
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Each haggis goes
Into a printed plastic bag,
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Then into a vacuum sealer.
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The machine draws out
99.9% of the air
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Before sealing the bag.
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This vacuum-packing process
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Extends a 7-to-10 day shelf life
To 4 weeks.
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The packaged haggis now drop
Into a tank of hot water.
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00:10:15,931 --> 00:10:19,965
The bags instantly shrink
And thicken by 25%,
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Making them significantly
More durable.
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Haggis may date back
To ancient greece,
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But it's certainly changed
With the times.
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This company also makes a
One-minute microwavable version,
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A canapé format,
And even vegetarian haggis...
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Far beyond what robert burns
Could ever have imagined.
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Narrator:
The term "Collectible firearms"
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Refers to antique guns
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And top-of-the-line new guns
Made in the traditional style.
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These firearms are mostly
Handmade by skilled craftsmen,
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Using centuries-old techniques.
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This quality workmanship
Translates
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Into top-notch performance.
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This company in england
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Has been manufacturing rifles
And shotguns since 1835.
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It still uses the same
Traditional gun-making methods,
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Only now with the help
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Of modern-day
Computerized equipment.
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Even with that technology,
It's still arduous work.
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Making just one gun takes,
Depending on the model,
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Up to 1,250 hours of labor.
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In the factory's machine shop,
Under a shower of lubricant,
191
00:11:42,137 --> 00:11:44,172
A computer-guided
Tooling machine
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Shapes a solid-steel bar
Into a hollow tube
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With a rectangular plate,
Called a lump, on one end.
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00:11:49,931 --> 00:11:54,344
This tube will become
The barrel of a shotgun.
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Here, you can see
The progression
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00:11:58,793 --> 00:11:59,862
From bar to tube,
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00:11:59,862 --> 00:12:01,827
But it's still somewhat rough,
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00:12:01,827 --> 00:12:04,206
So now a highly skilled
Barrel maker
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Manually files the tube
200
00:12:05,724 --> 00:12:08,758
To obtain
Exactly the right roundness.
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00:12:08,758 --> 00:12:12,206
This traditional process
Is known as striking the barrel.
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With his expert eye,
He checks his work
203
00:12:14,931 --> 00:12:18,827
By observing how light
And shadows fall on the barrel.
204
00:12:18,827 --> 00:12:22,206
Now he lays two barrels
Side by side in a fixture
205
00:12:22,206 --> 00:12:24,793
And connects their lumps
With pegs.
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00:12:27,068 --> 00:12:30,137
He lays a strip of silver solder
Along the joint
207
00:12:30,137 --> 00:12:33,068
And binds the adjoined lumps
With steel wire.
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00:12:34,862 --> 00:12:36,896
Then he brushes on flux,
209
00:12:36,896 --> 00:12:39,724
A chemical which prevents steel
From oxidizing
210
00:12:39,724 --> 00:12:43,137
And helps molten solder flow
Into the joint.
211
00:12:43,137 --> 00:12:45,793
He now loads this end
Of the pair of barrels
212
00:12:45,793 --> 00:12:47,137
Into a small furnace.
213
00:12:47,137 --> 00:12:49,655
Within about 20 minutes,
The fiery heat,
214
00:12:49,655 --> 00:12:52,793
Peaking at a temperature
Of 1,650 degrees fahrenheit,
215
00:12:52,793 --> 00:12:56,103
Melts the silver solder,
Which flows into the joint.
216
00:12:56,103 --> 00:12:58,758
The barrels are now bonded.
217
00:12:58,758 --> 00:13:01,862
Next, he lays a thin strip
Of steel, called a rib,
218
00:13:01,862 --> 00:13:04,793
In the gap
Between the joined barrels.
219
00:13:04,793 --> 00:13:08,758
This time, he uses flux
Made of pine-tree resin,
220
00:13:08,758 --> 00:13:11,310
Which works better than chemical
Flux when soldering with tin.
221
00:13:11,310 --> 00:13:16,413
He immobilizes the rib
With steel wedges and wire
222
00:13:16,413 --> 00:13:18,275
Then, using a hand torch,
223
00:13:18,275 --> 00:13:21,517
Melts tin solder to fix the rib
Between the barrels.
224
00:13:23,862 --> 00:13:25,413
After removing
The wire and wedges,
225
00:13:25,413 --> 00:13:29,862
He cleans off the flux and
Excess tin with abrasive paper,
226
00:13:29,862 --> 00:13:32,931
Revealing a seemingly seamless
Double barrel.
227
00:13:34,655 --> 00:13:37,206
Now he mounts the double barrel
On a fixture
228
00:13:37,206 --> 00:13:38,931
And coats what's called
A lapping rod
229
00:13:38,931 --> 00:13:42,103
With oil
And an abrasive powder.
230
00:13:42,103 --> 00:13:45,275
He moves the rod back and forth
Within the barrels
231
00:13:45,275 --> 00:13:47,137
Until their inside is ground
232
00:13:47,137 --> 00:13:50,172
To within a fraction of an inch
Of the required diameter.
233
00:13:52,068 --> 00:13:55,689
This process also smoothes
The interior of the bore
234
00:13:55,689 --> 00:13:57,551
To a mirror-like finish.
235
00:13:57,551 --> 00:14:03,241
The barrel maker then polishes
The outside surface to a shine.
236
00:14:03,241 --> 00:14:05,241
Meanwhile, the action body,
237
00:14:05,241 --> 00:14:07,448
The part that houses
The gun's mechanics,
238
00:14:07,448 --> 00:14:09,896
Has already been roughly shaped.
239
00:14:09,896 --> 00:14:13,068
Now the final machining
In a bath of paraffin
240
00:14:13,068 --> 00:14:15,620
To wash away the metal debris.
241
00:14:15,620 --> 00:14:18,448
In a process
Called spark erosion,
242
00:14:18,448 --> 00:14:20,482
Copper electrodes
Of varying shapes
243
00:14:20,482 --> 00:14:21,793
Erode the steel
244
00:14:21,793 --> 00:14:25,586
To create the required slots,
Holes, and recesses.
245
00:14:25,586 --> 00:14:27,137
Quite the transformation
246
00:14:27,137 --> 00:14:30,206
From what started out
As a solid piece of steel.
247
00:14:30,206 --> 00:14:33,586
It's critical that the action's
60-plus intricate components
248
00:14:33,586 --> 00:14:35,689
Will fit together
With ultimate precision.
249
00:14:35,689 --> 00:14:40,034
Once again, nothing beats
The traditional method.
250
00:14:40,034 --> 00:14:42,896
The actioner blackens
The component with a smoke lamp.
251
00:14:42,896 --> 00:14:46,655
Here, he's fitting
The trigger plate.
252
00:14:46,655 --> 00:14:52,275
He positions it in the action,
Taps a few times...
253
00:14:52,275 --> 00:14:54,896
Then removes it.
254
00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:59,448
The black soot marks left behind
255
00:14:59,448 --> 00:15:02,793
Indicate where the plate
Needs to be filed down.
256
00:15:02,793 --> 00:15:04,965
He repeats this procedure
Again and again
257
00:15:04,965 --> 00:15:08,068
Until the plate fits perfectly.
258
00:15:08,068 --> 00:15:09,413
He does this
259
00:15:09,413 --> 00:15:12,137
With each and every one
Of the action's components.
260
00:15:13,862 --> 00:15:15,655
Using the same marking method,
261
00:15:15,655 --> 00:15:18,000
He also files the lumps
On the barrel
262
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,689
To fit to the action perfectly.
263
00:15:20,689 --> 00:15:23,137
They hook onto a cross pin
And serve as a hinge
264
00:15:23,137 --> 00:15:25,482
On which the barrel pivots
Against the action.
265
00:15:28,482 --> 00:15:31,241
He also marks and files
The face of the barrel
266
00:15:31,241 --> 00:15:34,620
So that it fits perfectly
With the face of the action.
267
00:15:34,620 --> 00:15:36,862
Such flawless precision
268
00:15:36,862 --> 00:15:40,034
Is the hallmark
Of top-of-the-line firearms.
269
00:15:49,896 --> 00:15:52,413
Narrator: the shotgun's action
Is finished,
270
00:15:52,413 --> 00:15:54,862
But there are still
Two main components to come.
271
00:15:54,862 --> 00:15:57,000
The lock is
The firing mechanism.
272
00:15:57,000 --> 00:15:59,655
The stock is
The gun's wooden butt end
273
00:15:59,655 --> 00:16:01,931
That you steady against
Your shoulder to shoot.
274
00:16:01,931 --> 00:16:04,172
Once those components
Join the others,
275
00:16:04,172 --> 00:16:06,413
The whole shotgun
Will be complete --
276
00:16:06,413 --> 00:16:08,068
Lock, stock, and barrel.
277
00:16:10,793 --> 00:16:13,551
Some double-barreled shotguns
Have two triggers --
278
00:16:13,551 --> 00:16:14,862
One per barrel.
279
00:16:14,862 --> 00:16:16,758
Others have a single trigger
280
00:16:16,758 --> 00:16:19,344
Which fires
Each barrel alternately.
281
00:16:19,344 --> 00:16:21,931
Depending on the style
Of the gun,
282
00:16:21,931 --> 00:16:24,827
The two barrels are positioned
Either side by side
283
00:16:24,827 --> 00:16:26,551
Or one over the other.
284
00:16:26,551 --> 00:16:29,068
The gun's firing mechanism
Is called the lock.
285
00:16:29,068 --> 00:16:31,241
A double-barreled gun
Has two locks --
286
00:16:31,241 --> 00:16:33,551
One for each barrel.
287
00:16:33,551 --> 00:16:36,517
Each lock consists of a plate
With 14 components.
288
00:16:36,517 --> 00:16:38,000
They've all been machined
289
00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:40,862
By the factory's computer-guided
Tooling equipment.
290
00:16:40,862 --> 00:16:43,586
An expert craftsman
Assembles them by hand.
291
00:16:43,586 --> 00:16:46,413
To test the lock,
He uses a cocking key
292
00:16:46,413 --> 00:16:48,724
To simulate what happens
When you pull the trigger.
293
00:16:48,724 --> 00:16:52,034
The key depresses two
Spring-loaded sears that release
294
00:16:52,034 --> 00:16:53,931
And drives a tumbler forward,
295
00:16:53,931 --> 00:16:56,241
Striking a firing pin
To fire the gun.
296
00:16:56,241 --> 00:16:59,793
The locks are installed on
Both sides of the action body,
297
00:16:59,793 --> 00:17:03,482
Just above the trigger.
298
00:17:03,482 --> 00:17:05,482
In the factory's stocking shop,
299
00:17:05,482 --> 00:17:08,896
Another craftsman lays
A template for the gun's stock
300
00:17:08,896 --> 00:17:10,896
Onto a piece of turkish walnut,
301
00:17:10,896 --> 00:17:13,413
Traces,
And then saws out the shape.
302
00:17:16,379 --> 00:17:19,413
The wood appears
Quite ordinary now,
303
00:17:19,413 --> 00:17:21,758
But wetting it a bit
Shows the rich grain,
304
00:17:21,758 --> 00:17:24,586
Which an extensive finishing
Later on will bring out.
305
00:17:31,758 --> 00:17:35,241
Just like the actioner before,
He uses a smoke lamp
306
00:17:35,241 --> 00:17:37,344
To fit the action
To the head of the stock,
307
00:17:37,344 --> 00:17:39,724
The soot marks telling him
Where to shave the wood
308
00:17:39,724 --> 00:17:41,103
With various chisels.
309
00:17:41,103 --> 00:17:44,931
This meticulous process
Takes more than 40 hours
310
00:17:44,931 --> 00:17:48,068
Because he first has to strip
The action of all its parts,
311
00:17:48,068 --> 00:17:50,413
Then fit the main body
Into the stock,
312
00:17:50,413 --> 00:17:52,931
Then reassemble the action
Piece by piece,
313
00:17:52,931 --> 00:17:56,793
Fitting each and every one
Into the wood separately.
314
00:17:56,793 --> 00:18:01,586
Now, using a tool
Called a drawknife,
315
00:18:01,586 --> 00:18:03,586
He finalizes the stock's shape.
316
00:18:06,172 --> 00:18:08,000
By the time he finishes,
317
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:12,689
The block of walnut
Has gone from this to this.
318
00:18:12,689 --> 00:18:16,448
A finishing specialist
Now applies linseed oil
319
00:18:16,448 --> 00:18:17,758
Mixed with a hardener
320
00:18:17,758 --> 00:18:20,068
And polishes the wood
Many times over
321
00:18:20,068 --> 00:18:21,413
Until the wood is lustrous.
322
00:18:25,517 --> 00:18:27,862
In the factory's engraving shop,
323
00:18:27,862 --> 00:18:30,931
Decorative work is underway
On each lock plate.
324
00:18:30,931 --> 00:18:34,586
An engraving artist
First draws the design on paper,
325
00:18:34,586 --> 00:18:36,862
Then on the plate in pencil.
326
00:18:36,862 --> 00:18:40,862
She then uses a sharp tool
Called a graver
327
00:18:40,862 --> 00:18:42,965
To cut the design
Into the metal plate.
328
00:18:42,965 --> 00:18:47,413
This process, while painstaking,
Requires minimal pressure.
329
00:18:47,413 --> 00:18:50,896
The graver is made
Of either high-speed steel
330
00:18:50,896 --> 00:18:52,344
Or tungsten carbide,
331
00:18:52,344 --> 00:18:56,000
Extremely hard metals which
Cut into steel quite easily.
332
00:18:58,034 --> 00:19:00,758
Later on, they'll highlight
The engraving with black ink
333
00:19:00,758 --> 00:19:04,448
And varnish the surface
To prevent tarnishing.
334
00:19:04,448 --> 00:19:09,000
Now the action and lock plates
Undergo a heat-treatment process
335
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:10,758
That hardens the steel
336
00:19:10,758 --> 00:19:13,034
So that it won't wear out
Over time.
337
00:19:13,034 --> 00:19:16,275
This process leaves colors
On the surface.
338
00:19:16,275 --> 00:19:18,034
On luxury guns like these,
339
00:19:18,034 --> 00:19:21,137
Customers typically request
Designs or markings
340
00:19:21,137 --> 00:19:22,620
In gold inlay.
341
00:19:22,620 --> 00:19:25,517
After disassembling the barrels,
342
00:19:25,517 --> 00:19:29,172
The craftsmen inlays,
In this case, a barrel number.
343
00:19:29,172 --> 00:19:32,275
After cutting the number,
He undercuts the edge of it
344
00:19:32,275 --> 00:19:35,034
So that the gold
He then beats into the number
345
00:19:35,034 --> 00:19:37,000
Will lock in place.
346
00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:43,448
Then he files the gold inlay
Flush with the surface...
347
00:19:43,448 --> 00:19:47,758
And smoothes off the excess
With an abrasive stone.
348
00:19:54,241 --> 00:19:57,034
Every gun goes out
To an independent authority
349
00:19:57,034 --> 00:19:58,689
For extensive firing tests.
350
00:19:58,689 --> 00:20:02,724
The gun returns certified
With proof marks.
351
00:20:02,724 --> 00:20:06,517
The very last operation
Is a chemical treatment
352
00:20:06,517 --> 00:20:09,000
To protect the steel barrel
From rusting.
353
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,482
The steel reacts
To this chemical process
354
00:20:11,482 --> 00:20:14,413
By turning from its natural
Silver color to black.
355
00:20:17,379 --> 00:20:21,241
Because these guns are not
Mass-produced but handcrafted,
356
00:20:21,241 --> 00:20:22,827
With each and every component
357
00:20:22,827 --> 00:20:25,068
Custom-fit
To the neighboring component,
358
00:20:25,068 --> 00:20:26,275
Parts from one gun
359
00:20:26,275 --> 00:20:29,137
Are never interchangeable
With those of another,
360
00:20:29,137 --> 00:20:31,620
Even if they're the same model.
361
00:20:31,620 --> 00:20:35,000
It takes approximately
1,000 working hours
362
00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:36,931
To produce a single gun,
363
00:20:36,931 --> 00:20:39,103
So customers placing an order
364
00:20:39,103 --> 00:20:43,068
Typically wait at least a couple
Of years until delivery.
365
00:20:51,655 --> 00:20:53,931
If you have any comments
About the show,
366
00:20:53,931 --> 00:20:56,482
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
367
00:20:56,482 --> 00:20:58,448
Drop us a line at...
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