All language subtitles for S10E11 - Pocket Knives; Soapstone Products; Electric Pole Transformers; Snowshoes (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track3_[eng]
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>> narrator: today on "How it's
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Made"...
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Pocketknives...
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Soapstone products...
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Electric pole transformers...
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And traditional snowshoes.
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-- captions by vitac --
Www.Vitac.Com
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Pocketknives can be used to cut
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Rope or slice an orange.
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Just unfold the blade,
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And you're good to go.
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Folding knives actually date
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Back to ancient rome.
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Many centuries later, the
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Smaller pocket-sized versions
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Came along so people could carry
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Their knives without shredding
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Their pockets.
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Pocketknives can pack a lot of
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Punch.
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They often contain several
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Blades and tools, all of which
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Can be retracted into the
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Handle.
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To make pocketknives, rollers
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First feed a strip of stainless
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Steel to a series of dyes.
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Then dyes punch out blade
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Shapes.
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They cut holes in the handle for
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Installation, stamp on the
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Company logo, and create grooves
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So the user can get a grip.
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A trip into a fiery furnace
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Hardens the metal.
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It's the first step in
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Heat-treating the blades.
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Once they're cool, the blade
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Shapes are placed on the
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Magnetized rim of a rotating
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Carousel.
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It moves the base of the blades
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Under an induction-heating coil.
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The heat anneals that end,
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Making it pliable enough to bend
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And easier to fit in the
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Pocketknife handle.
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A robot now transfers a blade
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Shape into a computerized
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Grinder that bevels the edge but
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Leaves it blunt.
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It won't get its cutting edge
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Until later.
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Here you can see the difference
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The grinding makes.
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Vibrating ceramic pellets polish
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The blades with paste for 32
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Hours to achieve a mirror
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Finish.
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A magnetic belt collects them
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And transfers them to the next
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Station.
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Meanwhile, a rocking cutting
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Tool carves ridges into a piece
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Of cow shinbone, which will
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Adorn the pocketknife handle.
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A bag of those ridged shinbones
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Are dipped in dye, tinting them
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A vibrant green.
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Cow shinbone is just one of the
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Many materials used to adorn the
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Knives.
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Some are synthetic, and some are
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Natural, like this material --
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Mammoth ivory.
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Using epoxy adhesive, workers
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Decorate these pieces of bone
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With embellished metal inlay.
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Then they trim the excess bone
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So that it's flush to the metal
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Liner.
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Next, they place a spring on the
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Underside of the bone and brass
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Part followed by a rocker arm
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And a spacer.
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This sandwich is finished off
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With another bone-covered brass
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Liner.
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Workers insert blades in one
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End, first dipping them in oil
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For lubrication.
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A pin holds it all together.
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A separate set of blades goes in
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The other end of the
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Pocketknife, and another pin is
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Inserted.
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A pneumatic tool flattens the
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Ends of the pins, riveting all
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The parts together.
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Sometimes a shim is pounded
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Between the layers so the knives
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Can move more freely.
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It's a little fine-tuning.
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The pinheads are grinded down to
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Blend them to the rest of the
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Pocketknife.
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Sparks fly as workers hone the
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Beveled edges against a belt
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Sander until they're sharp
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Enough to cut.
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Next, all the blades are
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Retracted, and the knife is
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Buffed until it shines.
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Here a laser edges an insignia
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Into the bone handle.
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The engraving is enhanced with
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Paint.
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And now you have a pocketknife
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That's sharp and sharp-looking.
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Coming up, soapstone products --
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A real rock-'n'-roll story.
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>> narrator: dig deep into the
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History of civilization, and
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You'll find plenty of soapstone.
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Over the centuries, it's been
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Used to make everything from
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Cookware to countertops to the
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Kitchen sink.
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Soapstone doesn't stain or burn,
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And that's why it continues to
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Be a rock-solid material.
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But before you can make
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Something out of soapstone, you
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Need raw materials.
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Several deep holes are bored
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Into a soapstone hillside.
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The horizontal and vertical
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Holes form an intersecting
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Lattice.
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Miners loop one end of
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A long diamond-encrusted cable
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And attach it to a rod.
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This makes it easy to maneuver
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As they snake the cable through
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One of the vertical holes.
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A coiled snare is attached to
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The cable's other end and
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Inserted in one of the
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Horizontal holes, jiggling it
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Around it until the snare snags
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The loop.
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Next, the cable is threaded
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Through the rock.
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Two ends of the cable are
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Crimped together to create one
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Big circle over 200 feet in
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Circumference.
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A section of the diamond cable
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Is wound around mechanical
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Wheels.
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The machine moves backward as
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The wheels turn the cable
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Through the rock, and slowly but
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Surely the tiny diamonds saw
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Through the soapstone.
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The process kicks up a lot of
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Talc, the mineral that gives
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This stone its soapy texture.
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So water is sprayed into the cut
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To minimize the dusty fallout.
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As the cable exits the rock, it
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Snaps off the wheels, so
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Everyone has to steer clear.
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It has taken about 20 minutes to
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Slice through this soapstone
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Hillside.
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Now it's time for the excavator.
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As it pulls the soapstone away
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From the hillside, the slab
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Breaks into chunks, each one
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About two or three square yards.
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The chunks are washed.
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Then they're lifted up by a
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Front-end loader and delivered
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To a band saw.
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Like the cable, the saw has a
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Diamond edge that easily cuts
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Through the stone.
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They get several one-inch thick
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Slabs from each block, perfect
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For a countertop.
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The smaller-end slabs are used
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To build apron sinks.
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This type of sink was first
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Popular a century and a half
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Ago.
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But these days, computerized
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Blades and lasers make the job
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Of building one a whole lot
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Easier.
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The laser lines serve as guides
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While the blades cut the
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Soapstone to precise dimensions.
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This piece will be the bottom of
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The sink.
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A precision grinder tapers the
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Sink bottom from the center out
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So that liquid will flow down
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Into a drain in the middle.
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Next, a drain hole is punched
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Out.
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A constant flow of water keeps
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The cutter cool and the dust
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Down.
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Epoxy resin is mixed with
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Hardener for a high-strength
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Waterproof adhesive.
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It's quickly applied along the
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Edge of the sink bottom so it
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Doesn't dry.
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Then a sink wall is pressed onto
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The glued surface.
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They piece together the rest of
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The sink, and it's ready to
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Blend in with the soapstone
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Countertop.
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From the shower floor to the
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Stove surround soapstone can
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Perform many functions with
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Style.
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When we return, the shocking
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Truth behind electric pole
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Transformers.
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>> narrator: electric
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Transformers -- we see them
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Everywhere but often take for
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Granted the big part they play
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In our everyday lives.
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Their job is to transform the
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High voltage from electrical
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Power lines to the lower voltage
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That's suitable for home use.
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Without them, raw electrical
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Power would be virtually useless
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To the average person.
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Transformers are a critical part
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Of modern life, but did you ever
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Stop to wonder what's inside
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Those canisters?
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00:11:38,433 --> 00:11:40,433
To build a transformer, workers
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00:11:40,433 --> 00:11:42,233
Start by taking paper that's
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00:11:42,233 --> 00:11:44,200
Coated with epoxy glue and tape
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It to a wooden block.
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00:11:46,700 --> 00:11:47,867
Next component -- an
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1/8-of-an-inch-thick aluminum
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Strip.
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It's a metal that can withstand
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The heat that a high-voltage
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Current produces.
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As the block is rotated, the
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Paper and the aluminum strip are
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Wrapped around it.
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00:12:03,667 --> 00:12:05,367
An aluminum bus bar, called the
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Low-voltage lead, sends low
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Voltage current out from the
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Transformer.
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00:12:18,767 --> 00:12:20,567
Workers fold the lead and move
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00:12:20,567 --> 00:12:22,267
The unit to another rotating
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Block for more wrapping.
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The insulating paper has epoxy
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Glue on both sides.
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00:12:33,933 --> 00:12:35,867
This glue will later melt and
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Bond several components in
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Place.
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00:12:44,233 --> 00:12:46,333
On the next block, a worker
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Tapes on more epoxy paper along
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With epoxy-coated copper wire.
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He covers the paper...
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00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:08,067
Then repeats the same process,
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Forming a second layer of copper
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Wire.
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00:13:17,933 --> 00:13:20,067
He solders a high-voltage lead
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Wire to the copper wire then
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Rolls yet another layer of
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Copper wire.
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00:13:39,233 --> 00:13:40,967
Next, he welds on what's called
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00:13:40,967 --> 00:13:42,733
The lead wire out, the wire that
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Will protrude from the
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00:13:44,067 --> 00:13:45,433
Transformer cylinder and
290
00:13:45,433 --> 00:13:47,200
Attaches vinyl-coated wires that
291
00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:48,633
Will connect to different
292
00:13:48,633 --> 00:13:56,067
Voltages out of the transformer.
293
00:13:56,067 --> 00:13:58,067
This completed unit is called
294
00:13:58,067 --> 00:13:58,867
The coil.
295
00:13:58,867 --> 00:14:00,800
Now using electrical steel,
296
00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:02,867
Workers build the transformer's
297
00:14:02,867 --> 00:14:05,067
Other main component, called the
298
00:14:05,067 --> 00:14:08,600
Core.
299
00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:10,467
The coil and core are tightly
300
00:14:10,467 --> 00:14:12,267
Secured together with metal
301
00:14:12,267 --> 00:14:14,133
Strapping, which will help to
302
00:14:14,133 --> 00:14:16,067
Fix the assembly in the tank.
303
00:14:16,067 --> 00:14:17,833
Then it's into an oven where
304
00:14:17,833 --> 00:14:19,667
They bake for 8 hours at 275
305
00:14:19,667 --> 00:14:22,833
Degrees.
306
00:14:22,833 --> 00:14:24,867
The heat improves insulation by
307
00:14:24,867 --> 00:14:26,933
Removing any traces of humidity.
308
00:14:26,933 --> 00:14:28,833
It also melts the epoxy glue,
309
00:14:28,833 --> 00:14:30,800
Fusing together the paper, the
310
00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:32,767
Aluminum strip, and the copper
311
00:14:32,767 --> 00:14:33,367
Wires.
312
00:14:33,367 --> 00:14:35,200
The assembly now goes into a
313
00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:36,100
Steel tank.
314
00:14:36,100 --> 00:14:37,900
A rubber gasket is hammered
315
00:14:37,900 --> 00:14:39,700
Around the perimeter, and a
316
00:14:39,700 --> 00:14:41,533
Grounding wire is bolted on.
317
00:14:41,533 --> 00:14:43,233
Then three thermoplastics
318
00:14:43,233 --> 00:14:44,733
Bushings are inserted.
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00:14:44,733 --> 00:14:46,767
Workers connect the low-voltage
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00:14:46,767 --> 00:14:48,367
Lead to the thermplastic
321
00:14:48,367 --> 00:14:50,400
Bushings then bolt the bushings
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00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:54,367
To the tank.
323
00:14:54,367 --> 00:14:56,100
They adhere an oil-filling guide
324
00:14:56,100 --> 00:14:57,633
To the side of the tank then
325
00:14:57,633 --> 00:14:59,233
Position an automated filling
326
00:14:59,233 --> 00:15:00,767
Machine.
327
00:15:00,767 --> 00:15:02,533
A machine fills the tank with
328
00:15:02,533 --> 00:15:04,467
Mineral oil, drawing a vacuum to
329
00:15:04,467 --> 00:15:06,133
Make sure the oil disburses
330
00:15:06,133 --> 00:15:07,900
Throughout the coil and core.
331
00:15:07,900 --> 00:15:09,800
The oil is used for its thermal
332
00:15:09,800 --> 00:15:11,400
And insulating properties.
333
00:15:11,400 --> 00:15:13,267
An internal fault detector will
334
00:15:13,267 --> 00:15:14,900
Alert maintenance crews if
335
00:15:14,900 --> 00:15:18,767
There is a short circuit.
336
00:15:18,767 --> 00:15:20,633
A worker runs lead wire through
337
00:15:20,633 --> 00:15:22,400
The thermoplastic bushing and
338
00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:28,600
Secures it in place.
339
00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:30,633
Next comes the high-voltage
340
00:15:30,633 --> 00:15:32,133
Connector.
341
00:15:32,133 --> 00:15:33,933
Finally, the tank cover is
342
00:15:33,933 --> 00:15:34,900
Bolted shut.
343
00:15:34,900 --> 00:15:37,067
The transformation, so to speak,
344
00:15:37,067 --> 00:15:38,233
Is finished.
345
00:15:38,233 --> 00:15:40,533
Before transformers go into
346
00:15:40,533 --> 00:15:42,967
Service, they have to undergo
347
00:15:42,967 --> 00:15:45,933
Some truly electrifying tests.
348
00:15:45,933 --> 00:15:47,867
This equipment simulates a
349
00:15:47,867 --> 00:15:55,233
145,000 volt lightning strike.
350
00:15:55,233 --> 00:15:57,133
Then it's into a water tank to
351
00:15:57,133 --> 00:15:59,100
Test the transformer for leaks.
352
00:15:59,100 --> 00:16:01,067
If it passes muster, it could
353
00:16:01,067 --> 00:16:03,067
Soon be appearing at a pole near
354
00:16:03,067 --> 00:16:07,233
You.
355
00:16:07,233 --> 00:16:09,767
Up next, how they make snowshoes
356
00:16:09,767 --> 00:16:12,100
Step by step.
357
00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:17,467
>> narrator: historians believe
358
00:16:17,467 --> 00:16:19,167
The ancestors of north american
359
00:16:19,167 --> 00:16:20,900
Native peoples brought snowshoes
360
00:16:20,900 --> 00:16:22,433
With them when they migrated
361
00:16:22,433 --> 00:16:23,967
From central asia some 4,000
362
00:16:23,967 --> 00:16:24,767
Years ago.
363
00:16:24,767 --> 00:16:26,733
Today, the tradition of snowshoe
364
00:16:26,733 --> 00:16:28,367
Making lives on thanks to
365
00:16:28,367 --> 00:16:30,267
Skilled artisans who combine an
366
00:16:30,267 --> 00:16:32,200
Age-old craft with a few modern
367
00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:37,300
Improvements.
368
00:16:37,300 --> 00:16:39,533
Every snowshoe frame comes from
369
00:16:39,533 --> 00:16:41,533
A single piece of hardwood,
370
00:16:41,533 --> 00:16:44,833
Usually white ash.
371
00:16:44,833 --> 00:16:47,133
Craftsmen start with a two-yard
372
00:16:47,133 --> 00:16:49,200
Strip about 3/4 of an inch
373
00:16:49,200 --> 00:16:49,833
Thick.
374
00:16:49,833 --> 00:16:51,833
Using a planer, they thin the
375
00:16:51,833 --> 00:16:53,767
Middle down to about half an
376
00:16:53,767 --> 00:16:57,200
Inch.
377
00:16:57,200 --> 00:16:59,100
Then it's on to a table saw,
378
00:16:59,100 --> 00:17:01,233
Where each end is tapered to a
379
00:17:01,233 --> 00:17:05,133
Fine point.
380
00:17:05,133 --> 00:17:07,200
They take the trim pieces known
381
00:17:07,200 --> 00:17:09,233
As bows and hammer steel braces
382
00:17:09,233 --> 00:17:11,333
Onto each one.
383
00:17:11,333 --> 00:17:12,800
These support the wood where
384
00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:14,400
It's thinnest so it won't break
385
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:15,800
Later on during the bending
386
00:17:15,800 --> 00:17:17,300
Process.
387
00:17:17,300 --> 00:17:20,067
The bows go into a steam chamber
388
00:17:20,067 --> 00:17:26,733
To soften the wood.
389
00:17:26,733 --> 00:17:28,467
30 minutes later, they're damp
390
00:17:28,467 --> 00:17:30,300
Enough to bend without breaking.
391
00:17:30,300 --> 00:17:32,133
The craftsmen start working from
392
00:17:32,133 --> 00:17:33,900
The middle, the area called the
393
00:17:33,900 --> 00:17:36,067
Toe, where the wood is thinnest
394
00:17:36,067 --> 00:17:37,533
And easiest to bend.
395
00:17:37,533 --> 00:17:39,733
They wrap it around a steel form
396
00:17:39,733 --> 00:17:45,067
On a bending jig...
397
00:17:45,067 --> 00:17:47,100
Then lay one tapered end over
398
00:17:47,100 --> 00:17:48,767
The other and tack them
399
00:17:48,767 --> 00:17:51,267
Together.
400
00:17:51,267 --> 00:17:54,067
Now back to the steamer for a
401
00:17:54,067 --> 00:17:56,567
Second bow to complete the pair.
402
00:18:11,267 --> 00:18:13,933
A temporary crossbar helps hold
403
00:18:13,933 --> 00:18:20,967
The shape.
404
00:18:20,967 --> 00:18:22,700
Different steel forms are used
405
00:18:22,700 --> 00:18:24,300
To shake different snowshoe
406
00:18:24,300 --> 00:18:25,433
Models.
407
00:18:25,433 --> 00:18:27,233
The frame is set on a bending
408
00:18:27,233 --> 00:18:29,067
Machine called a press break.
409
00:18:29,067 --> 00:18:30,933
Then a wooden bar is positioned
410
00:18:30,933 --> 00:18:32,467
On the frame to act as a
411
00:18:32,467 --> 00:18:34,067
Fulcrum.
412
00:18:34,067 --> 00:18:35,767
As the press comes down, it
413
00:18:35,767 --> 00:18:37,533
Curves the tip of the frame
414
00:18:37,533 --> 00:18:39,400
About 2 3/4 inches upward.
415
00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:41,067
A crossbar is inserted
416
00:18:41,067 --> 00:18:43,167
Lengthwise to hold the bend in
417
00:18:43,167 --> 00:18:45,333
Place.
418
00:18:45,333 --> 00:18:46,900
Still damp from the steam
419
00:18:46,900 --> 00:18:48,833
Chamber, the frames will need to
420
00:18:48,833 --> 00:18:50,400
Dry out for several days.
421
00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:52,067
Only then can the temporary
422
00:18:52,067 --> 00:18:55,300
Crossbars safely come out.
423
00:18:55,300 --> 00:18:57,067
The craftsmen then sand the wood
424
00:18:57,067 --> 00:18:59,100
To a smooth finish.
425
00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:11,433
They drill slots on the inside
426
00:19:11,433 --> 00:19:15,333
For the two permanent crossbars
427
00:19:15,333 --> 00:19:16,667
While another machine stamps
428
00:19:16,667 --> 00:19:17,967
Those bars with the company
429
00:19:17,967 --> 00:19:22,067
Logo.
430
00:19:22,067 --> 00:19:24,067
It takes just a quick stretch to
431
00:19:24,067 --> 00:19:26,067
Insert the bars -- one near the
432
00:19:26,067 --> 00:19:32,333
Toe, the other near the heel.
433
00:19:32,333 --> 00:19:34,500
Now the frames go for a dip in a
434
00:19:34,500 --> 00:19:36,700
Vat of oil-based varnish to seal
435
00:19:36,700 --> 00:19:38,400
And waterproof the wood.
436
00:19:38,400 --> 00:19:40,267
Once the varnish dries, the
437
00:19:40,267 --> 00:19:42,200
Frames are ready for lacing.
438
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,267
In keeping with tradition, the
439
00:19:44,267 --> 00:19:46,333
Laces are made of animal hide.
440
00:19:46,333 --> 00:19:48,333
Wetting it makes it easier to
441
00:19:48,333 --> 00:19:49,867
Cut into the long strips.
442
00:19:49,867 --> 00:19:51,567
A skilled weaver threads her
443
00:19:51,567 --> 00:19:53,333
Needle then begins by hooking
444
00:19:53,333 --> 00:19:55,233
The rawhide lace through a nylon
445
00:19:55,233 --> 00:19:56,833
Thread that runs along the
446
00:19:56,833 --> 00:19:58,333
Shoe's inside perimeter.
447
00:19:58,333 --> 00:20:00,133
She nimbly builds up a pattern
448
00:20:00,133 --> 00:20:01,900
Of webbing that always begins
449
00:20:01,900 --> 00:20:03,433
And ends with a series of
450
00:20:03,433 --> 00:20:04,700
Triangular shapes.
451
00:20:04,700 --> 00:20:06,733
This intricate weaving technique
452
00:20:06,733 --> 00:20:08,567
Is a traditional skill passed
453
00:20:08,567 --> 00:20:10,333
Down through generations of
454
00:20:10,333 --> 00:20:15,767
Native canadian women.
455
00:20:15,767 --> 00:20:17,533
She finishes by wrapping up the
456
00:20:17,533 --> 00:20:19,067
Heel end of the frame with
457
00:20:19,067 --> 00:20:25,033
Rawhide then pulls it tight.
458
00:20:25,033 --> 00:20:26,400
Now that the toe piece is
459
00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:28,067
Finished, she starts weaving the
460
00:20:28,067 --> 00:20:29,000
Middle piece.
461
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,833
Using a large width of rawhide,
462
00:20:30,833 --> 00:20:32,500
She builds up another web of
463
00:20:32,500 --> 00:20:34,233
Triangles, this time knotting
464
00:20:34,233 --> 00:20:35,933
The strips directly onto the
465
00:20:35,933 --> 00:20:37,467
Frame.
466
00:20:44,067 --> 00:20:45,833
Finally, she weaves an opening
467
00:20:45,833 --> 00:20:47,600
To leave room for the bindings
468
00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:49,367
That hold the snowshoe to your
469
00:20:49,367 --> 00:20:49,900
Boot.
470
00:20:49,900 --> 00:20:51,667
Once the rawhide dries, the
471
00:20:51,667 --> 00:20:53,667
Webbing will lie taut across the
472
00:20:53,667 --> 00:20:57,200
Frame.
473
00:20:57,200 --> 00:20:59,133
The last step -- another coat of
474
00:20:59,133 --> 00:21:01,133
Varnish to seal and protect both
475
00:21:01,133 --> 00:21:03,933
The wood and webbing.
476
00:21:03,933 --> 00:21:05,533
And now these traditional
477
00:21:05,533 --> 00:21:07,233
Snowshoes are ready to make
478
00:21:07,233 --> 00:21:13,733
Some tracks.
479
00:21:13,733 --> 00:21:15,467
If you have any comments about
480
00:21:15,467 --> 00:21:17,200
The show, or if you'd like to
481
00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:19,067
Suggest topics for future shows,
482
00:21:19,067 --> 00:21:21,067
Drop us a line at...
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