All language subtitles for S03E12 - Electric Baseboard Heaters; Moulded Pulp Containers; Chicken; Video Games (576p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track4_[eng]
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications, inc.
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Narrator:
Today on "How it's made"...
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Electric baseboard heaters...
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...Molded pulp containers...
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...Prepared chicken...
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...And video games.
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Electric baseboard heaters
Are inexpensive,
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Easy to install, and practically
Maintenance-free.
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Unlike radiators,
They're inconspicuous
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And they take up
Very little space.
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And best of all, you can control
The temperature room by room.
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A baseboard heater
Is simply wires
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And a heating element
In a steel casing.
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They make the element
Using a strip
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Of paper-thin aluminum
7 inches wide.
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It's lubricated with soap, then
Goes through a forming machine.
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A die punches the strip
Into little squares called fins.
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They measure half an inch
By three-quarters of an inch
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And have a circle in the middle.
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The machine pierces the circles
And cuts the fins apart.
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This machine churns out
600 fins per minute.
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It stacks them on steel tubes,
The lengths of which vary
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According to the length
Of the heater.
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As each tube fills to capacity,
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A worker takes it away
To be wired up.
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Elsewhere in the factory,
They make the heater's casing
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Using what's known
As cold rolled steel,
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A flexible type of steel
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That can be worked
Without using heat.
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After a squirt of oil
For lubrication,
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The first die cuts holes
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For attaching the baseboard
To the wall.
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Then the second die cuts holes
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For attaching the heating
Element to the casing.
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Now the steel travels through
What's called the roll former --
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A machine
Whose series of rollers
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Successively bend
A flat strip of metal,
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One fold at a time,
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Into the shape of the casing.
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From start to finish,
20 rollers make 20 bends.
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The process takes
About 150 seconds per casing.
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After the last fold,
A computer-controlled die
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Cuts the casing
To the required length.
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The higher the heater's wattage,
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The longer the casing has to be.
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Models range from 300 watts --
About 2 feet long --
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To 2,500 watts --
About 8 feet long.
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Next, they put a steel junction
Box on each end of the casing.
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These hold the wires
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That the electrician connects
To the house wiring.
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Workers spot-weld both
Junction boxes simultaneously.
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After a thorough washing,
Computer-controlled sprayers
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Coat the casings
In paint powder.
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Then it's into an oven
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For 20 minutes
At 365 degrees fahrenheit.
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This transforms the powder
To liquid, drying it instantly.
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After running a red wire
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For the electrical current
The length of the casing,
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They rig up what's called
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A linear high limit
Temperature control --
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A safety device
That prevents the unit
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From overheating
And catching fire.
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Gas inside
The temperature control
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Expands under intense heat,
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Triggering the device
To cut the current.
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Now they install supports
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To hold the heating element
In place.
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They're made of satin-coat
Steel, a rust-resistant metal.
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As the element heats up,
It naturally expands.
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To prevent it from scratching
Against the metal casing
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And making annoying noises,
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They install a heat-resistant
Plastic bushing.
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Now they connect the red wire
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That will carry
The electrical current
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To the heating element's
Black wire,
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Capping it
With a wire connector.
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They clip it to the cover
Of the junction box --
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Easy access for the electrician
Installing the baseboard.
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Then they close
The junction box cover.
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At the other end,
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They connect the red wire
And the black wire
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To the temperature-control wire.
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This runs the electrical current
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Through the safety device
At all times.
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After a voltage test,
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They close it up and snap on
A panel to cover the element.
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Being toasty warm is now
Just an installation away.
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Narrator: "Molded pulp"
Isn't exactly a household word.
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But it is a household item.
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Chances are, you've got
An egg carton in your fridge
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That's made of it.
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This thick,
Cardboardlike material
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Can be shaped
Into a variety of containers,
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Like those drink carriers
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They give you
At the fast-food restaurants.
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Farms ship out their eggs
In trays called filler flats.
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These flats begin
As recycled paper --
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Old phone books, newspapers,
Magazines, cardboard --
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Pretty much any product
Made of paper fibers.
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The factory even recycles
Its own flats
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That had been rejected
By quality control.
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The raw materials go
Into what's called the pulper --
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A giant blender
That mashes everything up
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And blends it with hot water
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That's 110 to 150 degrees
Fahrenheit.
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The hot water swells the fibers,
Causing them to break apart.
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After 20 minutes,
They become pulp,
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A watery mixture roughly
The consistency of hot oatmeal.
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The pulp exits
Out the bottom of the pulper
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Through a filter
That screens out plastics
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And other contaminants.
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Shaping the flats
Is a fully automated process.
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Formation molds descend
Into a vat filled with pulp.
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A vacuum sucks
The mushy mixture onto them.
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Water jets rinse of the excess.
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Rotating above
Are transfer molds.
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They grab the flats off
The formation molds
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And move them onto a conveyor.
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Before the transfer molds
Grab the flats, though,
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A brush applies
A water-based lubricant.
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This ensures the flats
Won't stick to the molds.
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It's just like greasing
A baking pan.
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The molds themselves are made
Of bronze, plastic, or aluminum,
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Depending on how long
The factory intends to use them.
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They're covered
With a stainless-steel mesh.
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This mesh ensures an even vacuum
Through the mold
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So the pulp
Spreads over it evenly.
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The soggy flats now go into an
Oven for 12 minutes to dry out.
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The 400-degree-fahrenheit heat
Evaporates the water.
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This bonds the fibers together,
Forming a rigid material.
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After they exit the oven,
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A device appropriately called
An up-ender
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Flips them up so that they stack
Into each other.
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A built-in counting mechanism
Triggers the machine
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To section off the required
Number of flats per package...
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...Then compresses them...
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...And seals them in plastic
Film to keep the dust out.
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The factory uses
The same molding process
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To make four-cup drink carriers.
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These, too, go into
An oven to dry out the pulp,
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But only for six minutes --
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Half the time
The filler flats need
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00:09:17,655 --> 00:09:20,724
Because this product
Is smaller and lighter.
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Automated compactors stack
The finished drink carriers.
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00:09:31,034 --> 00:09:34,586
Then workers compress them
For packing and shipping.
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The factory also makes
Disposable urinal bottles
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For hospitals.
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They add chemicals to the pulp
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To make the bottles
Liquid-tight.
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These molds
Are three-dimensional
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And lined with mesh
On the inside.
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When they submerge
Into the pulp vat,
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A vacuum sucks in the pulp.
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When they resurface,
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Water jets rinse the excess pulp
Off the bottle necks,
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00:10:00,827 --> 00:10:03,655
And the vacuum
Sucks out the water.
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A spiked conveyor belt
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Transports the bottles
To the drying oven.
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They dry at a lower temperature
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Than the flats
And drink carriers do --
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350-degrees fahrenheit --
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And for longer time --
A half-hour.
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This ensures the chemicals that
Make the bottles liquid-tight
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Cure thoroughly.
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00:10:24,724 --> 00:10:28,724
While urinal bottles can't be
Recycled for sanitary reasons,
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Drink holders and filler flats
Are recyclable,
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Making them extremely
Environmentally friendly.
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Narrator: in the year 2001,
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The average person
Ate 61 pounds of chicken.
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Given that rate of consumption,
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If we had to process
The poultry ourselves,
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Chances are, we'd be in
A rather foul mood by dinner.
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Thank goodness
For chicken-processing plants.
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The chickens
Arrive at the factory
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With their feet, legs,
And heads already cut off.
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What's left are the breasts
And wings.
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The slaughterhouse also removed
The internal organs.
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A conveyor belt transports
The chickens
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To the cutting
And deboning zone,
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A bustling
Assembly-line operation.
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Workers prop each chicken
On a cone-shaped stand,
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In order to have
Both hands free.
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Cutting up a chicken properly
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Isn't as easy
As you might think.
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The workers
Get special training.
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It's crucial they keep
Their knives well-sharpened
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And wipe them after
Every five or so chickens.
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The first cuts remove the wings.
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00:11:59,068 --> 00:12:00,689
Starting on one side
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And positioning
The knife horizontally,
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In line with the top
Of the cone,
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The workers make an incision
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Where the wing
Joins the shoulder,
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00:12:08,793 --> 00:12:12,344
Then cuts downward,
Across the back of the chicken,
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00:12:12,344 --> 00:12:15,965
Then a quick cut
And twist to detach the wing.
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00:12:15,965 --> 00:12:17,965
It's the same procedure
On the other wing.
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The incisions
At the wing/shoulder joint
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Must slice through
The tendon completely,
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00:12:23,241 --> 00:12:26,034
Otherwise, detaching the wing
Is difficult.
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00:12:26,034 --> 00:12:28,413
And struggling
With a slippery wing
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00:12:28,413 --> 00:12:29,965
While holding a knife
In your hand
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00:12:29,965 --> 00:12:33,241
Can result in a serious injury.
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00:12:33,241 --> 00:12:37,724
The next cuts
Remove the skin and breasts.
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00:12:37,724 --> 00:12:40,931
They peel off the skin,
Then pull on the two breasts,
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00:12:40,931 --> 00:12:44,517
And make a quick incision
To release them.
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00:12:44,517 --> 00:12:46,413
They slice the breasts apart,
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Carefully checking for bones
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That might have broken off
From the carcass
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00:12:50,310 --> 00:12:53,655
And could be hiding in the meat.
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00:12:53,655 --> 00:12:56,862
The next cuts
Remove the tenders --
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00:12:56,862 --> 00:12:59,793
The meat
Located under the breast.
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00:12:59,793 --> 00:13:02,413
Workers make an incision
In the middle,
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00:13:02,413 --> 00:13:04,000
Just under the wishbone,
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00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:06,034
And down the length
Of the carcass.
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00:13:06,034 --> 00:13:08,275
This detaches the tenders,
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Enabling the next worker
On the line to pull them off.
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00:13:15,344 --> 00:13:19,000
Meanwhile, waiting in the wings
Are the wings.
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00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:21,896
Workers load them onto a machine
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00:13:21,896 --> 00:13:24,793
Appropriately called
The wing-cutter --
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00:13:24,793 --> 00:13:28,551
A mini ferris wheel that takes
The wings for a little ride,
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00:13:28,551 --> 00:13:30,620
Right into a sharp knife
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00:13:30,620 --> 00:13:32,620
That chops them
Into three sections --
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00:13:32,620 --> 00:13:37,103
The drumette, the chubby part
With the most meat;
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00:13:37,103 --> 00:13:39,172
The winglet, the middle part;
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00:13:39,172 --> 00:13:42,620
And the wing tip, the pointy
Part with barely any meat.
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00:13:42,620 --> 00:13:44,137
This factory transforms
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00:13:44,137 --> 00:13:46,758
The meatier drumettes
And the winglets
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00:13:46,758 --> 00:13:51,172
Into frozen,
Ready-to-eat chicken wings.
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00:13:51,172 --> 00:13:54,517
The first step
In that process is seasoning.
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00:13:54,517 --> 00:13:58,241
Workers load the pieces
Into a giant drum.
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00:13:58,241 --> 00:14:02,241
As the drum rotates,
They inject the seasoning --
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00:14:02,241 --> 00:14:05,344
Barbecue or honey garlic,
For instance.
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00:14:09,793 --> 00:14:14,172
After about an hour, the chicken
Wings come out evenly coated.
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00:14:20,275 --> 00:14:24,689
Now these freshly seasoned wings
Go into a gas-fired oven,
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00:14:24,689 --> 00:14:28,586
Where they bake at approximately
480-degrees fahrenheit
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00:14:28,586 --> 00:14:30,827
For 8 to 11 minutes.
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00:14:30,827 --> 00:14:35,793
They come out fully cooked
And ready to eat.
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00:14:35,793 --> 00:14:39,620
They go into a freezing
Mechanism for about a half-hour,
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00:14:39,620 --> 00:14:42,344
Then to the automated-packaging
Department,
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00:14:42,344 --> 00:14:44,655
Where they're sealed
In a bag.
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00:14:44,655 --> 00:14:48,137
These chicken pieces --
Wings, tenders, and breasts --
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00:14:48,137 --> 00:14:50,862
Are prepared differently.
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00:14:50,862 --> 00:14:53,758
After seasoning, they travel
Through a rotating drum
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00:14:53,758 --> 00:14:56,896
That coats them in
A flour-and-bread-crumb mixture,
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00:14:56,896 --> 00:15:00,551
Then into a second drum
For a second coat.
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Next stop, a 40-second
Deep fry in canola oil,
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Just long enough
To adhere the coating.
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Then from the frying pan
Into the fire, as they say --
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Well, into the oven, actually.
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After 20 minutes at about
480-degrees fahrenheit,
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00:15:27,241 --> 00:15:29,586
These chicken pieces
Are fully cooked
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And ready to be frozen
And packaged.
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Narrator: they started out
A generation ago
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00:15:47,655 --> 00:15:51,827
As simple black-and-white
Ping-pong games on a tv screen.
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00:15:51,827 --> 00:15:56,896
Today's video games are vivid,
Sophisticated, and fast-moving,
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Driven by state-of-the-art
Computer software
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Featuring the latest
In high-tech graphics.
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00:16:09,551 --> 00:16:12,000
It all started in 1952
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00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:14,793
With a cambridge university
Phd thesis
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00:16:14,793 --> 00:16:18,068
On human/computer interaction.
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00:16:18,068 --> 00:16:20,931
The student invented
A primitive tick-tack-toe game
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00:16:20,931 --> 00:16:23,275
On a vacuum-tube computer --
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The very first computer game
With graphics.
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A team at m.I.T.
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00:16:28,724 --> 00:16:33,551
Designed the first recognized
Computer game in 1962.
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00:16:33,551 --> 00:16:35,724
Then, in 1972,
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00:16:35,724 --> 00:16:38,965
A stanford student
Invented the arcade game "Pong,"
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00:16:38,965 --> 00:16:41,551
Which later became
A home video game
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00:16:41,551 --> 00:16:44,206
You could play
On your tv set.
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00:16:51,448 --> 00:16:53,724
It all begins with the people
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00:16:53,724 --> 00:16:56,241
Who form what's called
The core team.
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00:16:56,241 --> 00:16:58,724
They brainstorm
In meeting after meeting
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00:16:58,724 --> 00:17:00,413
To hammer out the concept --
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How the game will look,
How it'll work.
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00:17:03,862 --> 00:17:05,862
Then they plan out
The production schedule,
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00:17:05,862 --> 00:17:09,551
Assigning who will do what when.
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00:17:09,551 --> 00:17:12,275
They break down the game
On paper
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00:17:12,275 --> 00:17:14,310
And color-code
The components.
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00:17:14,310 --> 00:17:16,275
Then they post them
On a bulletin board
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00:17:16,275 --> 00:17:19,896
That'll act as the production's
Nerve center.
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00:17:19,896 --> 00:17:24,275
Now work
On the artistic concept begins.
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00:17:24,275 --> 00:17:27,034
Artists sketch out
The characters and backgrounds
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00:17:27,034 --> 00:17:31,103
On paper
In a scene-by-scene storyboard.
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00:17:31,103 --> 00:17:33,586
Meanwhile, graphic artists
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00:17:33,586 --> 00:17:35,965
Recreate those storyboard
Drawings three-dimensionally
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00:17:35,965 --> 00:17:38,000
On the computer.
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00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,655
This step enables
The development team
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00:17:41,655 --> 00:17:44,655
To use the latest
In computer-animation technology
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00:17:44,655 --> 00:17:47,689
To bring the game elements
To life.
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00:17:47,689 --> 00:17:50,827
They add colors,
Textures, shading,
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00:17:50,827 --> 00:17:53,413
And of course, movement.
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00:17:53,413 --> 00:17:57,310
After developing a preliminary
Version of each character,
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00:17:57,310 --> 00:18:00,551
The animators
Superimpose a skeleton.
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00:18:00,551 --> 00:18:04,724
By manipulating the skeleton,
They make the character move.
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00:18:04,724 --> 00:18:06,758
They experiment
With different movements
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00:18:06,758 --> 00:18:11,172
Until they decide which ones
They'll use for the game.
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00:18:21,068 --> 00:18:24,310
The animators have to design
Every movement
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00:18:24,310 --> 00:18:28,827
Each character can potentially
Make in the game.
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00:18:28,827 --> 00:18:31,862
That's 700 movements
For this main character alone.
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00:18:31,862 --> 00:18:33,793
Once that's done,
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00:18:33,793 --> 00:18:38,137
They flesh out the character's
Features and costumes.
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00:18:44,103 --> 00:18:46,241
The evolution of the characters
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00:18:46,241 --> 00:18:48,620
From the first pencil drawing
To the final version
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00:18:48,620 --> 00:18:50,655
Is quite remarkable.
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00:18:53,068 --> 00:18:55,344
Other animators
Work on the backgrounds,
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00:18:55,344 --> 00:18:57,586
The game's playing field.
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00:18:57,586 --> 00:18:59,586
Once they have
A rough version laid out,
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00:18:59,586 --> 00:19:03,724
They refine it by adding
Details, colors, and textures.
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00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:06,448
To give it depth and dimension,
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00:19:06,448 --> 00:19:10,551
They use virtual lighting
To create shading and shadows.
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00:19:12,517 --> 00:19:15,724
To advance the story line,
This particular video game
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00:19:15,724 --> 00:19:18,793
Is interspersed with one-minute
Animated movies.
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00:19:18,793 --> 00:19:21,379
These segments,
Called cinematics,
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00:19:21,379 --> 00:19:26,310
Are animated in high-resolution
To produce a top-quality image.
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00:19:26,310 --> 00:19:28,241
The interactive game,
On the other hand,
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00:19:28,241 --> 00:19:30,172
Is in low resolution
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00:19:30,172 --> 00:19:33,448
Because computers can't process
High-res images quickly enough
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00:19:33,448 --> 00:19:36,551
For fast-moving play.
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00:19:36,551 --> 00:19:39,931
The animators have to create
Every character twice,
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00:19:39,931 --> 00:19:42,862
In both high
And low resolution.
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00:19:42,862 --> 00:19:44,827
Meanwhile, for the cinematics,
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00:19:44,827 --> 00:19:49,034
They animate the storyboard
Using rough-draft characters.
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00:19:49,034 --> 00:19:51,827
This is simply
To calculate the timing
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00:19:51,827 --> 00:19:54,931
And to map out a clear path
Across the backgrounds
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00:19:54,931 --> 00:19:57,931
So the characters
Don't collide with the scenery.
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00:20:01,206 --> 00:20:03,931
To make the cinematic's action
Look realistic,
328
00:20:03,931 --> 00:20:07,758
They use a technique
Called motion capture.
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00:20:09,310 --> 00:20:11,310
The animators
Videotape themselves
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00:20:11,310 --> 00:20:13,275
Performing the action,
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00:20:13,275 --> 00:20:17,965
Then use animation software
To reproduce it on the computer.
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00:20:22,689 --> 00:20:26,448
Computer programmers create
The video game's menu settings,
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00:20:26,448 --> 00:20:28,379
Among other features.
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00:20:28,379 --> 00:20:31,896
Computer engineers design
The artificial intelligence,
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00:20:31,896 --> 00:20:34,206
The brain that runs the game.
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00:20:34,206 --> 00:20:37,724
It's made up of thousands
Of computer codes.
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00:20:37,724 --> 00:20:39,655
For the cinematics,
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00:20:39,655 --> 00:20:43,724
Actors record the characters'
Lines in a sound studio.
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00:20:43,724 --> 00:20:45,344
An audio technician
340
00:20:45,344 --> 00:20:47,793
Mixes the voices with music
And sound effects
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00:20:47,793 --> 00:20:51,068
And synchronizes everything
With the action.
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00:20:51,068 --> 00:20:55,482
Now they take the video game
Out for a test-drive.
343
00:20:55,482 --> 00:20:58,724
Do the characters move
The way they're supposed to?
344
00:20:58,724 --> 00:21:00,827
Do they go
Where they're supposed to?
345
00:21:00,827 --> 00:21:04,068
Or do they run into trees
And walk through walls?
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00:21:04,068 --> 00:21:06,965
This is the development team's
Last chance
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00:21:06,965 --> 00:21:09,034
To rid the games of any bugs.
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00:21:09,034 --> 00:21:14,310
After that, the company can
Finally market the video game
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00:21:14,310 --> 00:21:16,931
And hope it becomes a hit.
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00:21:22,482 --> 00:21:24,724
If you have any comments
About the show,
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00:21:24,724 --> 00:21:27,275
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
352
00:21:27,275 --> 00:21:29,586
Drop us a line at...
28361
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