All language subtitles for S03E03 - Wheel Loaders; Vegetable Oil; Hand Tools; Cotton Swabs (576p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track4_[eng]

>> narrator: today, on

"How it's made"...

Wheel loaders...

Vegetable oil...

Hand tools...

And cotton swabs.

They're big, they're bulky, and

Boy, can they move stuff.

Wheel loaders are drivable heavy

Machines.

You see them on construction

Sites moving dirt, at landfill

Sites moving garbage, and in the

Winter, you see them all over,

Clearing large quantities of

Snow.

They start by assembling the

100-odd steel components that

Make up the front frame.

These parts are so heavy that

Workers have to use

Industrial-strength magnets to

Move them.

Take note of those pieces with

The holes in them.

We'll come back to them later.

Workers measure and mark exactly

Where they'll weld the front

Frame parts together.

You might not think precision is

All that important when it comes

To building a 20-ton hunk of

Machinery, but it is.

Being just a few hundredths of

An inch off can cause major

Problems.

The preliminary welding is done

By hand.

Workers tack the parts together.

They do the same with the

100-plus steel parts that make

Up the loader's three other

Sections -- the rear frame, the

Driver's cab, and the moving arm

At the front called the boom

Arm.

Once the manual welding is

Completed, robots take over to

Do the major welding.

They weld about 90% of the wheel

Loader.

Now that the front frame is

Solidly fused, it undergoes a

Final machining.

Remember those parts with the

Holes in them?

They're what enable the boom arm

To move.

A computerized sensor now

Measures those holes and

Calculates how to cut them to

The exact specifications of the

Engineering design.

The computer then guides the

Machining tool to tailor the

Holes to spec.

First, a preliminary cut.

Then, after some oil

Lubrication, the final cut.

When this operation's complete,

The front frame will join the

Other sections at the paint

Shop.

After painting, workers begin

The final assembly.

They position an axle under the

Front frame and another under

The rear.

Then, they affix the frames to

The axles with heavy-duty bolts.

They mount the diesel engine and

Transmission in the rear frame.

After assembling the cab, they

Install it onto the rear

Frame...

...Then connect the wiring for

The controls.

Now comes the boom arm.

Remember those front frame parts

With the holes?

Workers line them up with the

Holes on the boom arm, then

Insert giant steel pins.

This creates a pivot mechanism,

Enabling the arm to move up and

Down.

The moving parts must fit

Together snugly, but not so

Tightly as to restrict movement,

Which explains why welding and

Machining precision was so

Crucial.

Once they've tested the boom

Arm's hydraulic lift system...

Workers install the tires, which

Are almost 6 1/2 feet tall.

Using a specially calibrated

Torque gun, they bolt the tires

To the rim...

32 bolts in all.

The wheel loader is fully

Assembled.

Now the boom arm can be equipped

With a forklift, a broom, or a

Big shovel called a bucket.

>> narrator: vegetable oil is a

Fat extracted from the fruit or

Seeds of certain plants, such as

Corn, canola, cottonseed,

Safflower, sunflower, or

Soybean.

There are various ways to

Extract the oil.

The method we're about to see is

Called cold pressing.

It all starts with seeds -- in

This case, a dark variety of

Sunflower seeds.

Cold pressing yields less oil

Than other methods, so it's

Usually just smaller specialty

Companies that use the process.

The big vegetable-oil makers

Tend to use solvents and

High-pressure, high-speed

Presses.

That is much more productive.

But it also generates heat,

Which darkens the oil and

Diminishes its flavor and

Nutritional value.

These seeds, shells and all,

Will go through this

Low-pressure press.

The temperature inside is kept

Below 104 degrees fahrenheit --

Hence the term "Cold pressed."

The press operator has to

Carefully monitor and adjust the

Speed, pressure, and

Temperature...

Because keeping a press cool is

No easy task, given the heat

That mashing seeds naturally

Generates.

The pressing mechanism, the

Screw press, is made up of

Several sections.

They can shorten or lengthen it

According to the type of seeds

They're pressing to allow for

More or less room for the seeds

Within the chamber.

220 pounds of seeds go through

The press every hour, producing

About 10 gallons of oil...

Low volume, but high quality.

The seed residue, called seed

Cakes, is later sold for animal

Feed.

Now, though, they're the key to

Monitoring temperature.

If the seed cakes are too warm,

That means heat is building up

And they have to open the exit

Wider to reduce the inside

Pressure and bring the

Temperature down.

Once the oil is extracted, they

Pump it through a filtration

System.

These cloth filters allow the

Oil to pass through, but any

Remaining seed residue gets

Caught in the fibers.

The oil runs through the filters

Repeatedly until it becomes

Clear.

Mastering the art of cold

Pressing takes a lot of know-how

And experience, but it results

In oil that's healthier and

Tastier.

Cold-pressed oils made from

Other seeds pose different

Production challenges.

Flaxseed and hempseed are

Extremely sensitive to heat, so

Workers have to cool the press

During the process to offset the

Heat that pressing generates.

Canola, on the other hand, isn't

Particularly sensitive to heat,

Nor is sesame.

All-natural, no-preservative

Vegetable oils like these have

To be babied because exposure to

Air makes them prematurely

Spoil.

Plastic isn't airtight, so they

Bottle these oils in glass --

Dark glass to block the oil's

Other enemy, light.

They seal the bottles with a

Flow-control cap.

Without preservatives,

Sunflower, canola, and sesame

Oils have an 18-month shelf

Life.

Flaxseed and hempseed oils have

To be refrigerated.

Even then, they go bad after

Just a few months.

>> narrator: you don't have to

Be a do-it-yourselfer to own a

Few basic hand tools.

Even the renovationally

Challenged are likely to posses

A hammer, a screwdriver, maybe

Even a pair of pliers -- if not

In a toolbox, then at least

Crammed into a messy drawer

Somewhere.

Here's a look at how some hand

Tools are made.

Every screwdriver and chisel has

To have a handle.

This factory makes handles from

Acetate, a synthetic resin.

These acetate bars are 6 feet

Long and come in many colors and

Contours.

They arrive here ready-made.

Workers load the bars onto a

Machine that feeds them into a

Lathe.

As the lathe spins, an automated

Knife cuts one handle after

Another, rounding off what will

Be the top of the handle.

Then, it sculpts the other end.

Then, a drill makes the hole

Into which they'll later insert

The blade.

All this takes just a few

Seconds.

Now the handles travel to their

Next stop, the dipping machine.

Acetate becomes dull and opaque

When it's cut, so the machine

Dips them in acetone, a chemical

Solvent.

This brings back their

Translucence and shine.

It also removes any acetate

Shavings stuck to the ends.

Here's what the handles look

Like before the acetone bath.

And here's what they look like

After.

The handles air-dry on their way

To the next stop on the

Production line -- printing.

The hot-stamp printer works in

Conjunction with an ink ribbon.

It applies about 55 pounds of

Pressure, engraving the product

Code and brand name, while the

Heat, about 160 degrees

Fahrenheit, transfers the ink

From the ribbon into the

Engraved lettering.

The handles are finished, and

It's finally time to insert the

Blades -- in this case, phillips

Head screwdriver blades.

Blades are made of carbon steel,

An automated machine forces them

Into the handle with about 80

Pounds of pressure.

Workers insert chisel blades

Manually in order to protect

Their sharp edge.

At the same time, they top the

Handle with a steel cap to give

The chisel extra striking power.

Another common hand tool is the

Drywall square, also known as a

T-square.

They cut two strips of aluminum,

The first 4 1/2 feet long, the

Second 22 inches long.

Then, they apply the markings by

Silk-screen printing.

Next, they use a bending machine

To hold over the top edge of the

Piece that will form the

Horizontal part of the "T."

This will allow the tool to hook

Onto the edge of a drywall

Panel.

Finally, they rivet the two

Pieces together.

The drywall square is finished.

Factories can alter the size of

The tools they produce to meet

Their clients' specifications.

Standard screwdrivers have

Handles measuring 3 1/2 to just

Over 4 inches long with blades

That are 1 1/2 to almost 8

Inches in length.

Some screwdrivers, on the other

Hand, have extra-long blades,

While stubby screwdrivers have

Short handles for getting into

Tight places.

Then, there are those skinny

Pocket screwdrivers and

Precision screwdrivers for

Jewelers and electronic

Technicians...

All of which proves there's a

Tool that's the right size for

Every job.

>> narrator: we use them to

Apply and blend our makeup,

We use them in a pinch to pry

Dirt out of tight crevices, and

Of course, we use them to clean

Our ears, though doctors say

Never to insert them into the

Ear canal.

Cotton swabs are just one of

Those little things that are

Really handy to have around the

House.

Cotton swabs were invented in

1926 by leo gerstenzang, a

Polish-born american.

He got the idea from watching

His wife clean out their baby's

Ears using a flimsy toothpick

Stuck into a piece of cotton.

Leo set out to design a safer

Device.

He took a thicker wooden stick

And wrapped the ends with cotton

In such a way that it wouldn't

Come off and get stuck in the

Ear.

The leo gerstenzang infant

Novelty company marketed this

Invention under the trade name

Baby gays.

Many cotton-swab makers also

Produce cosmetic pads.

Both start with bleached cotton.

It arrives at the factory

Compressed in large bales.

The cotton first goes into a

Machine called the feeder...

From there, into a machine

Called the opener, which shreds

The bales, pulling the cotton

Fibers apart.

Next stop, the carding machine.

Its large rollers comb the

Cotton fibers out.

Then, guided by weight-detecting

Sensors, it produces a uniformly

Thick ribbon of cotton called a

Web.

This web is now ready to be

Processed into either cotton

Swabs or cosmetic pads.

To make pads, they layer several

Webs -- just how many, though,

Is a closely guarded company

Secret.

And so is how much pressure they

Apply to those layers to

Compress them.

This secret recipe of layers and

Pressure is what ultimately

Determines the weight of the

Pad.

The heavier it is, the higher

The quality because it's

Thicker.

The now-compressed layers of web

Go through a machine called the

Slitter.

It cuts the wide roll into

Several narrower rolls called

Header rolls.

Each header roll then goes

Through a machine that stamps on

A quilt-like pattern, purely for

Aesthetics.

Finally, using a punching die,

They cut the pads.

On this production run, each pad

Weighs about 2/100 of an ounce,

But the factory can produce

Whatever weight the client

Requests.

The cosmetic pads are ready to

Be packaged.

This client wants them in bags

Of 100.

The blue light shows the workers

The 100-pad cutoff point.

To make cotton swabs, the

Initial web is divided into four

Narrower webs, each weighing

About 5/100 of an ounce per

Yard.

Each narrow web travels through

A funnel, which transforms its

Shape from flat to round.

Then, it coils into a barrel.

The swab-making machine then

Takes cotton strands from two

Barrels at a time, feeding a

Line of cotton to each end of

The stick.

Like the cosmetic pads, the

Amount of cotton per stick

Varies according to the client's

Specifications.

The stick feeder prepares the

Sticks.

Then, as we see here in slow

Motion, the machine cuts the

Cotton strand and rolls a piece

Onto both ends of the stick

Simultaneously.

Just prior, a heating device

Melted the tips of the plastic

Sticks so the cotton would

Adhere.

With wood or cardboard sticks,

They glue the cotton on.

The finished swabs are sprayed

With an antibacterial solution.

Here's that action in slow

Motion.

Now in real time -- 2,000 swabs

Per minute.

Sensors detect any defective

Swabs and automatically toss

Them off the production line.

If you look closely, every so

Often, you'll see one missing.

Finally, a robotic arm grabs the

Exact number of swabs per box,

Again determined by the

Customer's specs, and packages

Them.

The company's lab does spot

Checks on its swabs to ensure

That the antibacterial solution

Is working...

And that the products are

Germfree.

-- captions by vitac --
Www.Vitac.Com

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