Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:01,793 --> 00:00:04,793
--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
2
00:00:04,793 --> 00:00:07,793
Captions paid for by
Discovery communications, inc.
3
00:00:22,931 --> 00:00:26,620
Narrator:
Today on "How it's made"...
4
00:00:26,620 --> 00:00:28,758
Fiberglass boats...
5
00:00:28,758 --> 00:00:30,275
Clothes driers...
6
00:00:30,275 --> 00:00:31,758
Bubble gum...
7
00:00:31,758 --> 00:00:34,103
And fireworks.
8
00:00:37,758 --> 00:00:41,620
They're sleek, they're fast,
And they're fun.
9
00:00:41,620 --> 00:00:45,103
Fiberglass boats can jump waves
And turn on a dime.
10
00:00:45,103 --> 00:00:48,206
The fiberglass body
Is low-maintenance and durable,
11
00:00:48,206 --> 00:00:50,551
So these watercraft
Don't deteriorate
12
00:00:50,551 --> 00:00:52,724
The way wooden boats can.
13
00:00:59,965 --> 00:01:02,896
A computerized saw cuts out
The wood pieces
14
00:01:02,896 --> 00:01:06,379
They'll use to build the mold
For the fiberglass boat.
15
00:01:22,172 --> 00:01:25,517
It takes a team of artisans
About 15 months
16
00:01:25,517 --> 00:01:27,689
To design and build the mold.
17
00:01:31,379 --> 00:01:34,000
They first construct the frame.
18
00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:51,413
Then they construct the shape
Out of fiberglass.
19
00:01:51,413 --> 00:01:53,103
The mold must be perfect
20
00:01:53,103 --> 00:01:57,172
In order to cast a boat that's
Free of faults and defects,
21
00:01:57,172 --> 00:02:01,068
So they painstakingly work on
The mold's finish in particular,
22
00:02:01,068 --> 00:02:03,620
Coating it in a special
High-resistance paint
23
00:02:03,620 --> 00:02:08,034
That will withstand
About eight years of castings.
24
00:02:08,034 --> 00:02:09,655
Once they finish the mold,
25
00:02:09,655 --> 00:02:13,034
They can begin casting
The fiberglass boat.
26
00:02:13,034 --> 00:02:15,896
The equipment feeds
Just the right ratio
27
00:02:15,896 --> 00:02:18,068
Of fiberglass to plastic resin.
28
00:02:18,068 --> 00:02:22,758
Fiberglass is glass in the form
Of very fine, flexible fibers.
29
00:02:22,758 --> 00:02:24,344
They may look fragile,
30
00:02:24,344 --> 00:02:27,241
But those fibers are stronger
Than steel,
31
00:02:27,241 --> 00:02:30,103
And they won't burn, stretch,
Or rot,
32
00:02:30,103 --> 00:02:33,172
So they make perfect
Boat-building material.
33
00:02:33,172 --> 00:02:35,862
Workers make sure
They roll the fiberglass
34
00:02:35,862 --> 00:02:37,827
Into every nook and cranny.
35
00:02:37,827 --> 00:02:39,862
This is critical
36
00:02:39,862 --> 00:02:42,827
Because if they don't apply
The fiberglass thoroughly,
37
00:02:42,827 --> 00:02:44,827
The boat will have
Structural defects.
38
00:02:44,827 --> 00:02:48,931
As heat within the fiberglass
Builds up, it hardens.
39
00:02:55,275 --> 00:02:58,827
Next, they roll on
A material called roving.
40
00:02:58,827 --> 00:03:02,620
It reinforces the fiberglass
And makes it more rigid.
41
00:03:02,620 --> 00:03:04,068
They also install wood
42
00:03:04,068 --> 00:03:07,137
In the areas where they'll
Later mount equipment.
43
00:03:07,137 --> 00:03:09,241
They coat the wood
With fiberglass
44
00:03:09,241 --> 00:03:11,241
To protect it from moisture.
45
00:03:19,344 --> 00:03:21,000
After about an hour,
46
00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:24,241
It's time to extract the casting
From the mold.
47
00:03:27,275 --> 00:03:30,862
They use a lever system
To lift out the hull.
48
00:03:41,103 --> 00:03:43,758
They cut out holes
For the mechanics.
49
00:03:53,172 --> 00:03:56,551
Then they install
The boat's deck.
50
00:04:07,172 --> 00:04:09,896
They install the motor
And the electrical wiring
51
00:04:09,896 --> 00:04:11,655
For the mechanics and plumbing.
52
00:04:14,793 --> 00:04:18,827
The boat truly takes shape
In the final assembly.
53
00:04:18,827 --> 00:04:22,206
They put together the upper part
Of the boat, called the shell,
54
00:04:22,206 --> 00:04:25,172
And the inside,
Called the liner.
55
00:04:31,896 --> 00:04:34,482
They install the furniture...
56
00:04:39,172 --> 00:04:41,862
Certain components
Are installed by hand,
57
00:04:41,862 --> 00:04:43,379
Such as the dashboard.
58
00:04:46,862 --> 00:04:49,517
Last stop, quality control --
59
00:04:49,517 --> 00:04:53,586
A series of tests to ensure that
All the mechanics function well
60
00:04:53,586 --> 00:04:57,310
And that the boat
Is absolutely watertight.
61
00:05:00,655 --> 00:05:03,068
Finally, a wrapping is added
62
00:05:03,068 --> 00:05:05,965
To protect the boat
During shipping.
63
00:05:30,689 --> 00:05:33,068
Narrator: electric cars
Are cheaper to run
64
00:05:33,068 --> 00:05:34,827
Than gasoline-powered cars.
65
00:05:34,827 --> 00:05:38,448
Just plug them in to recharge.
No fill-up required.
66
00:05:38,448 --> 00:05:43,275
But they cost 40% more to buy,
Which offsets the savings.
67
00:05:43,275 --> 00:05:46,689
Battery technology will have to
Improve and come down in price
68
00:05:46,689 --> 00:05:49,965
Before electric cars
Can truly take off.
69
00:05:55,793 --> 00:06:00,137
Clothes dryers were invented
In europe in the early 1800s.
70
00:06:00,137 --> 00:06:02,310
The lady of the house
Would put the clothes
71
00:06:02,310 --> 00:06:04,137
In a metal barrel
With holes in it,
72
00:06:04,137 --> 00:06:06,379
Then turn it by hand
Over the fire.
73
00:06:06,379 --> 00:06:10,172
The first electric dryers
Were invented around 1915.
74
00:06:13,206 --> 00:06:16,344
Most of the parts
Are made from steel
75
00:06:16,344 --> 00:06:18,586
Just 3/100 of an inch thick.
76
00:06:18,586 --> 00:06:22,620
The factory receives it from
The supplier in giant rolls.
77
00:06:22,620 --> 00:06:26,344
They go onto a machine that cuts
Sheets about 3 feet long.
78
00:06:27,448 --> 00:06:29,379
Using those sheets,
79
00:06:29,379 --> 00:06:32,931
Industrial presses stamp out
Various dryer parts.
80
00:06:32,931 --> 00:06:34,965
These are motor supports.
81
00:06:37,172 --> 00:06:40,034
And this is the back panel
Of the drum,
82
00:06:40,034 --> 00:06:42,551
The rotating compartment
That holds the clothes.
83
00:06:42,551 --> 00:06:47,068
Note those small holes.
We'll come back to them shortly.
84
00:06:47,068 --> 00:06:49,137
To form the side of the drum,
85
00:06:49,137 --> 00:06:52,172
The machine bends a sheet
Of prepainted steel
86
00:06:52,172 --> 00:06:55,068
Into a circular shape.
87
00:06:55,068 --> 00:06:56,965
When a clothes dryer operates,
88
00:06:56,965 --> 00:07:00,482
It sucks in outside air
Through a hole at the front.
89
00:07:00,482 --> 00:07:02,655
The air passes through
The heating element
90
00:07:02,655 --> 00:07:04,172
And goes into the drum,
91
00:07:04,172 --> 00:07:06,724
Entering through those little
Holes you saw a few moments ago
92
00:07:06,724 --> 00:07:09,275
Located in the back panel.
93
00:07:11,620 --> 00:07:14,896
Once the automated machines
Have finished shaping the drum,
94
00:07:14,896 --> 00:07:17,896
They form a groove
On its outside surface.
95
00:07:17,896 --> 00:07:21,724
This groove is for the motorized
Belt that drives the drum.
96
00:07:24,931 --> 00:07:27,655
Next, they put the drum
On another machine
97
00:07:27,655 --> 00:07:30,862
That screws three baffles
In place.
98
00:07:30,862 --> 00:07:34,827
Baffles are those thick plastic
Wings located inside the drum.
99
00:07:34,827 --> 00:07:37,689
They're what throw the clothes
Around as it rotates.
100
00:07:40,379 --> 00:07:44,896
Back on the automated line,
The drum's front rim goes on.
101
00:07:51,620 --> 00:07:55,068
They manually assemble
The drum's back panel.
102
00:08:07,034 --> 00:08:10,137
Then a machine installs it.
103
00:08:14,862 --> 00:08:17,275
Next comes the exhaust duct.
104
00:08:17,275 --> 00:08:20,689
Hot, moist air exits the drum
Through a series of holes
105
00:08:20,689 --> 00:08:22,862
And a large slot
In the dryer door.
106
00:08:22,862 --> 00:08:25,758
The air gets channeled downward
Through the lint screen,
107
00:08:25,758 --> 00:08:29,344
Then goes through a duct at the
Front of the dryer to the fan.
108
00:08:29,344 --> 00:08:31,862
The fan blows the air
Out this exhaust duct
109
00:08:31,862 --> 00:08:34,724
At the back of the dryer.
110
00:08:34,724 --> 00:08:36,275
The dryer's heating element
111
00:08:36,275 --> 00:08:38,758
Works much like the element
In a toaster,
112
00:08:38,758 --> 00:08:41,241
Except it consumes
A lot more power --
113
00:08:41,241 --> 00:08:43,724
Up to 6,000 watts.
114
00:08:43,724 --> 00:08:45,586
The factory receives the steel
115
00:08:45,586 --> 00:08:48,034
And ceramic heating coils
Ready-made.
116
00:08:48,034 --> 00:08:51,758
Workers simply position them
On a sheet of galvanized steel.
117
00:09:04,172 --> 00:09:07,965
They also install a temperature
Sensor that shuts off power
118
00:09:07,965 --> 00:09:11,724
Should something go wrong
And cause the dryer to overheat.
119
00:09:19,482 --> 00:09:21,103
In the finishing department,
120
00:09:21,103 --> 00:09:23,517
They coat the dryer
With powdered paint
121
00:09:23,517 --> 00:09:25,793
That's heat-
And shock-resistant.
122
00:09:31,517 --> 00:09:35,379
Then they assemble the bottom
And back of the appliance.
123
00:09:36,862 --> 00:09:38,413
They install the motor
124
00:09:38,413 --> 00:09:41,034
That drives both the belt
And the fan.
125
00:09:42,551 --> 00:09:45,413
Then the exhaust duct goes in.
126
00:09:47,482 --> 00:09:50,793
Automated machines prepare
The electrical wiring.
127
00:09:50,793 --> 00:09:53,344
They paint and cut the wires...
128
00:09:55,793 --> 00:09:59,137
...Then install a terminal
On each end.
129
00:10:02,241 --> 00:10:05,655
Workers wire the dryers...
130
00:10:05,655 --> 00:10:08,448
Then install the drum.
131
00:10:09,655 --> 00:10:12,241
They close up the sides...
132
00:10:19,344 --> 00:10:23,862
...Screw on the door,
Then wire up the control panel.
133
00:10:23,862 --> 00:10:26,758
It's connected to a series
Of gears and switches
134
00:10:26,758 --> 00:10:29,931
That control the dryer cycles.
135
00:10:29,931 --> 00:10:32,137
The model
And serial-number sticker
136
00:10:32,137 --> 00:10:35,448
Marks the last stop
On the assembly line.
137
00:10:48,551 --> 00:10:51,241
Narrator: chewing gum dates back
To the ancient greeks,
138
00:10:51,241 --> 00:10:53,344
Who chewed resin from trees.
139
00:10:53,344 --> 00:10:56,896
Modern chewing gum was patented
In the u.S. In 1869
140
00:10:56,896 --> 00:10:59,344
By -- believe it or not --
A dentist.
141
00:10:59,344 --> 00:11:02,965
In 1928, another american
Invented bubble gum.
142
00:11:06,931 --> 00:11:11,000
Bubble gum comes in gumballs
Of all colors and sizes,
143
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:12,862
But for blowing bubbles,
144
00:11:12,862 --> 00:11:17,206
Nothing beats the chewy, gooey
Pink stuff in the twist wrap.
145
00:11:18,620 --> 00:11:22,896
It all starts with a gum base,
The stuff that makes gum chewy.
146
00:11:22,896 --> 00:11:25,793
Traditionally, the base came
From tree resin.
147
00:11:25,793 --> 00:11:30,206
Today it's synthetic --
Made of plastics and rubbers.
148
00:11:30,206 --> 00:11:32,655
They pour the gum base
Into a mixer,
149
00:11:32,655 --> 00:11:36,310
Then add color and flavoring.
150
00:11:42,827 --> 00:11:47,344
As it begins mixing, they pour
In glucose syrup, a sweetener.
151
00:11:47,344 --> 00:11:51,172
Because it's liquid,
It helps keep the gum base soft.
152
00:11:56,172 --> 00:11:59,793
Next, they add dextrose,
A powdered sweetener.
153
00:11:59,793 --> 00:12:02,931
They blend the ingredients
For about 20 minutes.
154
00:12:02,931 --> 00:12:04,931
The stirring action
Builds up heat,
155
00:12:04,931 --> 00:12:07,551
Which melts everything together.
156
00:12:35,896 --> 00:12:37,310
The mixture is ready
157
00:12:37,310 --> 00:12:40,413
When it reaches the consistency
Of bread dough.
158
00:12:40,413 --> 00:12:45,034
They transfer it by cart to a
Machine called the pre-extruder.
159
00:12:46,379 --> 00:12:50,068
The machine squeezes the mixture
Through a narrow opening,
160
00:12:50,068 --> 00:12:52,793
Like squeezing toothpaste
From the tube.
161
00:12:52,793 --> 00:12:56,586
This transforms the big, bulky
Wad into thin, manageable strips
162
00:12:56,586 --> 00:12:59,206
That can then go
Through the extruders.
163
00:13:02,689 --> 00:13:05,103
The extruders squeeze each strip
164
00:13:05,103 --> 00:13:08,551
Down to the actual width
Of a piece of bubble gum.
165
00:13:08,551 --> 00:13:11,931
It comes out as one long,
Continuous stream,
166
00:13:11,931 --> 00:13:15,068
To be cut into bite-size pieces
Later on.
167
00:13:16,896 --> 00:13:19,862
This extrusion process heats up
The gum.
168
00:13:19,862 --> 00:13:21,689
If they were to cut
And wrap it now,
169
00:13:21,689 --> 00:13:23,068
It would stick to the wrapper,
170
00:13:23,068 --> 00:13:25,724
So the next stop
Is a cooling chamber.
171
00:13:25,724 --> 00:13:27,827
The gum goes in for 15 minutes
172
00:13:27,827 --> 00:13:32,068
At temperatures between
37 and 45 degrees fahrenheit.
173
00:13:39,724 --> 00:13:41,931
When the bubble gum comes out,
174
00:13:41,931 --> 00:13:46,137
It's cooled down enough for what
They call the "Cut and wrap."
175
00:13:46,137 --> 00:13:48,586
One machine does both jobs
176
00:13:48,586 --> 00:13:51,241
In a fraction of a second.
177
00:13:51,241 --> 00:13:54,689
Watch the action in slow motion.
178
00:13:54,689 --> 00:13:58,103
As the continuous stream of gum
Enters on one end,
179
00:13:58,103 --> 00:14:00,896
The machine cuts it
Into bite-size pieces,
180
00:14:00,896 --> 00:14:04,241
Pushes each piece
Into a wax-paper wrapper,
181
00:14:04,241 --> 00:14:07,620
Then twists both ends
Of the wrapper closed.
182
00:14:21,620 --> 00:14:25,241
Here's the slow-motion replay
From a different angle.
183
00:14:38,413 --> 00:14:43,413
The machine processes 900 pieces
Of bubble gum per minute.
184
00:14:55,034 --> 00:14:57,517
Last stop -- packaging.
185
00:14:57,517 --> 00:14:59,551
The bubble gum
Moves onto a scale
186
00:14:59,551 --> 00:15:02,758
That automatically weighs out
The right amount per tub.
187
00:15:11,172 --> 00:15:15,413
They seal the tub with plastic
To make it airtight.
188
00:15:15,413 --> 00:15:18,758
This keeps the bubble gum fresh.
189
00:15:18,758 --> 00:15:21,172
Ever wonder why bubble gum
Is pink?
190
00:15:21,172 --> 00:15:24,689
It's because that's the only
Color walter diemer had on hand
191
00:15:24,689 --> 00:15:28,000
When he invented this treat
Back in 1928.
192
00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,724
Since then,
The color just stuck.
193
00:15:40,896 --> 00:15:44,551
Narrator: what's a 4th of july
Celebration without fireworks --
194
00:15:44,551 --> 00:15:47,103
Brilliant colors exploding
In the air,
195
00:15:47,103 --> 00:15:49,827
The oohs and ahhs they elicit
On the ground?
196
00:15:49,827 --> 00:15:52,310
Fireworks are so high-tech
These days,
197
00:15:52,310 --> 00:15:56,137
It's easy to forget
They're not a modern invention.
198
00:16:02,448 --> 00:16:04,862
Historians believe gunpowder,
199
00:16:04,862 --> 00:16:06,965
The explosive ingredient
In fireworks,
200
00:16:06,965 --> 00:16:10,724
Was invented in china
Around 1000 a.D.
201
00:16:10,724 --> 00:16:12,862
It's said
That in a famous battle,
202
00:16:12,862 --> 00:16:15,655
The chinese emperor illuminated
The sky with it,
203
00:16:15,655 --> 00:16:18,758
Scaring away the enemy.
204
00:16:18,758 --> 00:16:20,275
During the renaissance,
205
00:16:20,275 --> 00:16:23,896
The europeans invented the type
Of fireworks we know today.
206
00:16:25,965 --> 00:16:27,689
Modern pyrotechnicians
207
00:16:27,689 --> 00:16:31,448
Use computers to ignite
Fireworks from a safe distance
208
00:16:31,448 --> 00:16:34,655
And to synchronize their bursts
With music.
209
00:16:47,965 --> 00:16:50,413
Assembling explosives
Into fireworks
210
00:16:50,413 --> 00:16:52,965
Is the job
Of the pyrotechnician.
211
00:16:52,965 --> 00:16:57,275
Even the tiniest spark of static
Electricity could set them off,
212
00:16:57,275 --> 00:17:00,379
So antistatic gloves are a must.
213
00:17:00,379 --> 00:17:01,931
A firework is made up
214
00:17:01,931 --> 00:17:04,689
Of separate compartments
Within a shell.
215
00:17:04,689 --> 00:17:08,137
The burning fuse explodes
One compartment at a time,
216
00:17:08,137 --> 00:17:11,862
Creating those staggered bursts
In the sky.
217
00:17:11,862 --> 00:17:15,068
The pyrotechnician first glues
The main fuse
218
00:17:15,068 --> 00:17:16,965
Into the bottom of the shell.
219
00:17:16,965 --> 00:17:19,137
The glue is naturally colorless.
220
00:17:19,137 --> 00:17:23,517
It's dyed blue so he can tell
Exactly where he's applying it.
221
00:17:27,310 --> 00:17:31,103
He puts the bottom aside to work
On the second compartment
222
00:17:31,103 --> 00:17:33,034
Of this 2-compartment firework.
223
00:17:33,034 --> 00:17:37,620
He starts by spooning a powdered
Explosive into the center.
224
00:17:44,241 --> 00:17:46,137
Then he caps it.
225
00:17:46,137 --> 00:17:49,241
Here he's working
On two fireworks at a time.
226
00:17:54,206 --> 00:17:57,689
Next step -- a brown cardboard
Shock absorber
227
00:17:57,689 --> 00:18:01,827
To shield this compartment from
The first compartment explosion.
228
00:18:01,827 --> 00:18:06,482
Then a corrugated cardboard disk
And a plastic spacer.
229
00:18:06,482 --> 00:18:08,551
It'll take the fuse
1 1/2 seconds
230
00:18:08,551 --> 00:18:10,758
To burn through
These two components,
231
00:18:10,758 --> 00:18:12,793
Creating a slight delay
232
00:18:12,793 --> 00:18:15,931
Between the first explosion
And the second.
233
00:18:15,931 --> 00:18:19,000
Gluing the second compartment
Together is tricky.
234
00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:21,931
If it's too tight,
It'll stifle the explosion,
235
00:18:21,931 --> 00:18:25,551
But it has to be tight enough
To withstand the delay.
236
00:18:25,551 --> 00:18:27,758
With the second compartment
Done,
237
00:18:27,758 --> 00:18:30,068
It's time to prepare the first.
238
00:18:30,068 --> 00:18:32,620
He glues a sleeve onto a case,
239
00:18:32,620 --> 00:18:35,655
Then fills it
With hundreds of stars.
240
00:18:35,655 --> 00:18:38,655
Stars are what create
The flashes of color.
241
00:18:38,655 --> 00:18:41,103
They're carefully measured
Explosives
242
00:18:41,103 --> 00:18:42,793
Mixed with coloring agents
243
00:18:42,793 --> 00:18:46,344
Such as magnesium for white,
Copper salts for blue,
244
00:18:46,344 --> 00:18:48,172
And charcoal for orange.
245
00:18:48,172 --> 00:18:51,551
The pyrotechnician
Must handle them gingerly,
246
00:18:51,551 --> 00:18:54,206
Or they could detonate.
247
00:18:54,206 --> 00:18:58,724
Next, he adds comets, another
Type of exploding decoration.
248
00:19:03,862 --> 00:19:06,655
He tops it off with gunpowder.
249
00:19:19,482 --> 00:19:22,758
Finally, he glues
The two compartments together,
250
00:19:22,758 --> 00:19:24,448
Filling the remaining space
251
00:19:24,448 --> 00:19:27,068
With the same combination
Of ingredients.
252
00:19:42,103 --> 00:19:45,103
Once the shell is full,
He glues on the cover,
253
00:19:45,103 --> 00:19:46,965
And the tighter, the better.
254
00:19:46,965 --> 00:19:48,896
The more pressure
That builds up,
255
00:19:48,896 --> 00:19:52,344
The bigger and more spectacular
The explosion.
256
00:19:54,172 --> 00:19:57,896
Next, he wraps the fireworks
In craft paper.
257
00:19:57,896 --> 00:20:01,310
The label uses
International color codes
258
00:20:01,310 --> 00:20:03,827
To indicate the size
Of the shell.
259
00:20:03,827 --> 00:20:05,724
The lift charge --
260
00:20:05,724 --> 00:20:08,689
A gunpowder bag with a long,
Fast-action fuse --
261
00:20:08,689 --> 00:20:11,137
Goes at the base of the shell.
262
00:20:11,137 --> 00:20:14,275
That's what'll send the firework
Into the sky.
263
00:20:21,172 --> 00:20:23,655
When they light the main fuse
At the top,
264
00:20:23,655 --> 00:20:27,275
It simultaneously
Lights two secondary fuses --
265
00:20:27,275 --> 00:20:29,896
The time-delay fuse
Inside the shell,
266
00:20:29,896 --> 00:20:31,862
Running through the compartments
Of explosives
267
00:20:31,862 --> 00:20:34,793
And that long fuse
Running along the outside
268
00:20:34,793 --> 00:20:37,275
Down to the lift charge
At the base.
269
00:20:47,896 --> 00:20:49,793
Once the lift charge ignites,
270
00:20:49,793 --> 00:20:54,379
Heat and gas build up inside the
Launch tube until they explode,
271
00:20:54,379 --> 00:20:58,862
Propelling the firework
Close to 1,000 feet skyward.
272
00:21:00,931 --> 00:21:03,310
Let the light show begin.
273
00:21:15,655 --> 00:21:17,896
If you have any comments
About the show,
274
00:21:17,896 --> 00:21:20,586
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
275
00:21:20,586 --> 00:21:25,000
Drop us a line at...
22242
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.