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April, 1944.
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The Allies prepare for D-Day
here in Dorset, England.
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In France,
the Nazis bolster their fortifications
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along the Normandy coastline.
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More than 7,000 vessels
and 150,000 Allied troops
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approach the beaches.
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They're met by a terrifying wall
of Nazi defenses,
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in the largest amphibious invasion
in history.
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In this series,
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we investigate the most
extraordinary events of World War II
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from a brand-new perspective.
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00:01:08,239 --> 00:01:11,079
Matching rarely seen archive film,
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photography from the frontline,
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and remarkable
aerial reconnaissance images
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to their original locations,
we reconstruct the crucial battles,
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daring bombing raids,
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and deadly terror weapons
that changed the course of history.
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Soaring over the battlefields,
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we reveal the secrets
of World War II from above.
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The 30th of June, 1943.
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An Allied reconnaissance plane
approaches Normandy in Northern France.
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It's flying a top-secret mission
to photograph Nazi defenses
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along this 80-kilometer
stretch of coastline.
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The Allied forces
are planning a vast invasion here
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to open a new front on mainland Europe.
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The road to D-Day has begun.
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As they fly along the Normandy coast,
the reconnaissance plane takes this photo.
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It shows the exact locations of
German gun positions under construction.
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They will form part of
a line of coastal defenses
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known as the Atlantic Wall.
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In June, 1943,
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the Nazis and Axis powers
occupy the majority of mainland Europe.
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Hitler knows a counter-offensive
is inevitable.
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So he instructs his commanders to build
an impenetrable wall of defenses
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from the French border with Spain,
over 5,000 kilometers long,
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all the way to the northern tip of Norway.
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The Allies fly thousands of reconnaissance
sorties along the Atlantic Wall
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to map out the German positions
and try to locate any weak spots.
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Near the town of Merville
in Northern France,
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they take this photo in early 1944,
which shows an area of intense activity.
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From above, it looks innocuous.
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Four mounds of earth covered in grass.
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But a closer look reveals a secret
German gun complex known as a battery.
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The battery is home
to four 100-millimeter howitzer guns.
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To protect each gun,
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German engineers build a huge
steel-reinforced concrete cover over them,
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called a casemate, and bury them
beneath hundreds of tons of soil.
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The howitzers have a range
of almost eight and a half kilometers.
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They provide a formidable defense
for a long stretch of the Normandy coast
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and the nearby port.
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Local historian Geert Van den Bogaert
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investigates the battery
to unlock the secrets of its construction.
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With the intensification
of the Atlantic Wall construction,
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Merville saw work increase here
to try and protect the guns.
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130 soldiers man the battery,
which is designed to be impenetrable,
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both from aerial bombardment
and ground assault.
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So we're inside the personnel bunker here.
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You can clearly see where they slept.
There's still parts of the bunk beds.
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Definitely not an ideal place
if you were claustrophobic.
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Like here, they would peek out
and see the entrance,
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and could spot anyone coming in.
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The only other way to get out was
right through there. The escape hatch.
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You could try and get an idea of what was
going on outside through the periscope,
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especially if the enemy
was up on top of the bunker.
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Hitler has recently appointed
Field Marshal Rommel
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as the inspector general
of Nazi defenses in the west.
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On the 6th of March, 1944,
he visits Merville for the first time
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and finds that only two
of the main casemates have been completed.
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In March, Rommel was quite unpleased
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with the progress
that had been made here at Merville,
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and he wanted to speed up the work
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and really, really pushed
his local commanders.
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Young men were actually requisitioned
to come and work here
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around the clock
to try and get things ready.
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These young men are made to pour
concrete day and night under floodlights
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to complete the remaining casemates.
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Along with the four main howitzers,
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the Germans install an anti-aircraft gun
and a machine gun,
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and dig trenches
to connect the main buildings.
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They also dig a 100-meter-long
anti-tank ditch to the northeast,
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and surround the battery with two rings
of barbed wire and sprawling minefields.
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The Germans have two more machine gun
positions to the east and to the south.
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Right along the Atlantic Wall, there's
a vast array of heavy-duty weaponry.
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It's bolstered by the latest
military technology, like radar,
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and protected by vast quantities
of reinforced concrete.
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Combined, they form
a formidable defensive front.
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But it is one the Allies must penetrate.
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On the other side of the Channel,
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the Allied forces are preparing for
the D-Day invasion right across Britain.
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The generals are meticulously
planning every minute detail.
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Military equipment and tens of thousands
of troops are arriving from the US.
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And paratroopers practice
large-scale drops
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under the watchful eyes of
Winston Churchill and General Eisenhower.
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One of the biggest
and most important training exercises
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will take place
on the south coast of Dorset.
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Its beaches are very similar
to those in Normandy,
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making it the ideal arena
for trial runs for D-Day.
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The surrounding area
is also largely unpopulated,
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so the land can be cleared
for live ammunition training,
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and to ensure
the exercises remain top secret.
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In 1944, one of the key innovations
that needs to be tested here
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is the Duplex Drive, or DD tank.
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For the landings, tanks will be
a vital part of the Allied arsenal.
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But getting them onto the beaches
will be no mean feat.
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Pioneering British engineers
have spent months
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designing and building this
ingenious hybrid war machine.
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It's a tank that floats in water.
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John Pearson is the owner of this DD tank.
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It's the last of its kind in the world.
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I, personally, can't imagine
how the inventor of the DD
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ever managed to convince people that
you could put a canvas bag round a tank
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and put it in the sea and it would float.
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The most important part
of it being amphibious is the propeller,
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which goes into and out of here like that,
and steers like an outboard motor.
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The other major part
of the flotation equipment is the skirt,
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which is inflated with compressed air.
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And when these become rigid,
it lifts the top frame up,
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and it floats with the tank
completely below the water surface.
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00:11:04,879 --> 00:11:07,799
And so, when it's afloat,
it looks just like a rubber boat.
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It is surprising that the crews
could be persuaded to be launched at sea,
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to be honest.
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It's not something I would do.
I don't mind restoring it.
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I don't mind driving it.
I don't mind playing with it.
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But the idea of consigning it to the sea
with me inside it, forget it.
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I wouldn't do it. They're braver than me.
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The plan is for amphibious tanks like this
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to be the first to land
on the Normandy beaches.
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They have to be tested.
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Exercise Smash
is a full-scale rehearsal for D-Day,
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right here in Studland Bay,
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complete with destroyers firing shells
and infantry arriving on landing craft.
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Trooper Albert Price is 18 years old
and is on board one of the DD tanks.
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Up to this point, his only training
has been on inland lakes.
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We knew we were being
trained for D-Day as a special force,
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but it was all very hush-hush.
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The one thing they didn't tell us
was that floating around on a lake
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and floating around on the sea
are two entirely different things.
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A landing craft transports Albert's tank,
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along with 18 others,
to the mouth of the bay.
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They launch the DD tanks
four and a half kilometers from the beach.
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You always feel vulnerable
in that sort of conveyance.
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It doesn't look very sturdy
at the best of times.
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When you're just in a canvas box
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and you're seeing every wave
lifting you up, it's a bit frightening.
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During Exercise Smash,
the weather continues to deteriorate.
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The crews fight to keep control
of their unsteady vessels.
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In my case,
there was suddenly a loud crash
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and we ended up on top of a rock
protruding out from the seabed.
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Albert's tank is one of six
that are overwhelmed by the waves
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and sink during the exercise.
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Six men drown.
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It's a massive setback
for the Allied commanders.
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High above the bay at Fort Henry,
Supreme Commander General Eisenhower,
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Prime Minister Winston Churchill
and King George VI
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visit to witness the training firsthand.
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They've learned costly
but valuable lessons during this exercise.
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It won't be long before these troops are
coming ashore under fire from German guns.
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D-Day is less than two months away.
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For the invasion, the Allied commanders
have split the target landing sites
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into five individually named beaches.
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The American divisions
will lead the landings
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on the beaches to the west,
codenamed Utah and Omaha.
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The British and Canadians
will attack on Gold,
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Juno and Sword beaches to the east.
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The planners are most
worried about Omaha Beach.
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Viewing from above reveals why.
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Steep bluffs surround Omaha Beach.
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They give the German guns
a formidable vantage point.
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Local resident Magali Desquesne
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explores one of the Nazi fortifications
high above the eastern end of the beach.
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What's absolutely impressive from here
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is that you are able to understand
the topography of Omaha Beach.
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The Germans could definitely
take advantage of the high ground.
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Those bluffs are about 100 feet high.
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From here, you can see all the way
to the west end of Omaha Beach.
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You kind of feel in an amphitheater.
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This German complex
includes a maze of zigzagging trenches.
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Some of the trenches lead into
concealed gun positions called tobruks.
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They're encased in concrete
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and are designed to house
mortars or machine guns.
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You can see them
almost like a concrete foxhole,
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because it's gonna give
some protection to the soldiers
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and to the machine gun itself.
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And it gives them a complete rotation,
a 360-degree rotation.
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The only way
for this position to be captured
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will be either a bomb
being dropped just here
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or being captured by the infantry.
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But to get here,
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approaching Allied infantry
must first survive the beaches below.
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The Germans really focused their
defense strategy on defending the beach.
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That's where they are
concentrating most of their troops
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to really make their defenses
as efficient as possible.
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Field Marshal Rommel
has instructed his troops
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to cover all the beaches
with deadly obstacles.
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00:17:35,400 --> 00:17:40,279
These include vertical log posts
with explosive mines mounted on top,
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nicknamed Rommel's asparagus,
log wraps rising over two meters tall,
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and anti-tank steel frames
called Belgian Gates.
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00:17:55,160 --> 00:17:58,720
Lines of crossed steel beams,
known as hedgehogs,
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stretch as far as the eye can see.
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Picture the beach
with a couple of thousand obstacles.
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And all over the Normandy coast,
it's more than 10,000 of them,
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stopping the tanks right here on the beach
as a way to stop any infantry.
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Without the support of the tanks,
without the support of the artillery,
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the progression won't be possible inland.
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00:18:27,759 --> 00:18:31,839
Hitler himself is confident
that Rommel's ferocious defenses
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will ward off Churchill and the Allies,
and prevent them opening a new front.
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00:19:05,720 --> 00:19:07,799
Despite his bravado,
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Hitler has no idea
when or where the Allies will strike.
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00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:24,359
The Nazi commanders
continue to reinforce the defenses
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right along the Atlantic Wall.
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00:19:28,519 --> 00:19:34,279
In Normandy, one of the most
fearsome fortifications is Pointe du Hoc.
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00:19:37,759 --> 00:19:43,920
From above, it's clear why the peninsular
is such a crucial strategic position.
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00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:49,839
Near-vertical cliffs, 30 meters tall,
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00:19:50,559 --> 00:19:53,559
make it a daunting target
for any military units
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trying to launch an attack
from the sea below.
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00:19:59,559 --> 00:20:04,200
The Germans have excavated
six open concrete pits.
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Each pit houses
a 155-millimeter-caliber gun.
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00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:18,079
They captured these huge cannons from
the French when they invaded the region.
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Now the weapons
have been turned against the Allies
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00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:28,000
to help ward off
the inevitable counterattack.
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00:20:33,079 --> 00:20:36,279
The site superintendent, Scott Desjardins,
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00:20:36,359 --> 00:20:41,119
investigates what makes Pointe du Hoc
such a potent defensive position.
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Pointe du Hoc is a perfect position
to put large-caliber guns
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because they have free range
on both their left and right.
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There's no obstructions at all.
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00:20:52,880 --> 00:20:56,680
So it's easy to understand why the Germans
would have picked these firing positions
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here at the Pointe.
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This is one of the actual
gun emplacements.
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00:21:04,079 --> 00:21:06,079
The piece of steel there
would have been where
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00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:08,799
the pinion of the cannon would have been.
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00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:11,960
And from there, it's turned left and right
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to whatever deflection
they need to hit a target.
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Their weaponry here was unique.
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00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,400
They have an incredible range,
they're incredibly accurate,
235
00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:28,599
which makes them incredibly dangerous.
236
00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:36,960
They are really going to
threaten our invasion
237
00:21:37,039 --> 00:21:39,839
if we don't make sure
these guns are out of commission.
238
00:21:42,799 --> 00:21:48,640
The six 155-millimeter guns
have a range of almost 20 kilometers.
239
00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:56,000
They can fire across the entirety
of both Utah and Omaha Beach.
240
00:21:57,279 --> 00:22:02,240
They also pose a serious threat
to any approaching Allied warships.
241
00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:08,079
So, on the 5th of April, 1944,
242
00:22:08,240 --> 00:22:12,599
a group of A-20 Havoc bombers
from the Ninth Air Force Division
243
00:22:13,079 --> 00:22:16,000
target the clifftop guns at Pointe du Hoc.
244
00:22:18,559 --> 00:22:20,599
The bombing continues for weeks,
245
00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:27,480
turning the peninsular into a moonscape.
246
00:22:38,759 --> 00:22:41,920
This one was done
by aerial bombardment, and it's a big one.
247
00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:45,440
This is one of
the biggest craters on the site.
248
00:22:46,680 --> 00:22:48,720
You could easily fit a home here.
249
00:22:51,759 --> 00:22:55,240
You can imagine that
with the destruction that was caused here
250
00:22:55,319 --> 00:22:58,759
that any German soldier
within 300 meters of here
251
00:22:58,839 --> 00:23:01,000
becomes quickly non-combat ineffective.
252
00:23:01,319 --> 00:23:02,920
His insides are rattled.
253
00:23:07,680 --> 00:23:09,680
There's absolutely no doubt that it took
254
00:23:09,759 --> 00:23:14,680
physical and mental deterioration
on the German soldier himself.
255
00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:17,279
It was terrible for morale.
256
00:23:17,599 --> 00:23:21,000
I would not have wanted to have been
a German soldier here in April or May.
257
00:23:21,680 --> 00:23:23,599
I imagine that life was pretty miserable.
258
00:23:27,079 --> 00:23:30,880
The relentless bombing
severely damages three of the guns,
259
00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:36,319
forcing the Germans to move the others
to a less vulnerable position inland.
260
00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:45,640
50 kilometers along the coast,
the Allies also carry out 18 bombing raids
261
00:23:46,119 --> 00:23:49,079
on the Merville Battery
during April and May,
262
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,359
leaving huge craters in the aftermath.
263
00:23:55,519 --> 00:24:00,759
But the bombs have failed to cause any
major damage to the four howitzer guns.
264
00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:05,920
The concrete casemates
have done their job.
265
00:24:07,839 --> 00:24:12,519
This battery remains a serious threat
to the Allied invasion.
266
00:24:18,559 --> 00:24:23,079
As D-Day approaches,
tens of thousands of Allied troops
267
00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:26,519
make their way to ports
along the south coast of England.
268
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:35,720
In the harbors and along the quays,
nearly half a million troops
269
00:24:36,039 --> 00:24:42,160
and 144,000 vehicles
are loading onto ships bound for Normandy.
270
00:24:47,359 --> 00:24:50,279
Infantry arrive from nearby camps.
271
00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:55,000
They board ships and landing craft.
272
00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:04,559
Some of the troops embarking here
are bound for Omaha Beach.
273
00:25:09,160 --> 00:25:12,200
They will cross the Channel
to France overnight.
274
00:25:15,920 --> 00:25:19,880
So most of the first wave
set off on the 5th of June.
275
00:25:30,880 --> 00:25:34,640
Late on the same day,
at airfields across England,
276
00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:40,799
over 18,000 paratroopers
and glider-borne infantry
277
00:25:40,880 --> 00:25:43,759
prepare to depart to join the invasion.
278
00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:51,599
Along with their rifles, they load up with
extra rations, ammunition and grenades.
279
00:25:54,319 --> 00:25:56,720
Some even pack carrier pigeons
280
00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,319
so they can send progress reports
back across the Channel.
281
00:26:02,799 --> 00:26:08,119
Troops load heavy artillery,
including anti-tank guns, into gliders.
282
00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,240
These will be towed
by aircraft across the Channel
283
00:26:13,319 --> 00:26:16,000
and released near the coast of Normandy.
284
00:26:18,920 --> 00:26:20,799
At RAF Greenham Common,
285
00:26:21,319 --> 00:26:25,920
Supreme Commander of the Allied forces
on D-Day, General Eisenhower,
286
00:26:26,599 --> 00:26:28,759
arrives to give his orders of the day.
287
00:26:30,440 --> 00:26:32,519
Soldiers, sailors and airmen
288
00:26:32,599 --> 00:26:34,680
of the Allied Expeditionary Force,
289
00:26:35,519 --> 00:26:38,200
you are about to embark
upon the great crusade
290
00:26:38,839 --> 00:26:41,079
toward which we have striven
these many months.
291
00:26:41,759 --> 00:26:43,640
The eyes of the world are upon you.
292
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:48,839
We will accept nothing less
than full victory. Good luck.
293
00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:52,599
Many of these paratroopers
294
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:57,599
will cross the Channel
to the Normandy beaches on C-47 Dakotas.
295
00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:06,319
On board one of the planes
is Lieutenant Colonel Terence Otway,
296
00:27:06,680 --> 00:27:10,119
British Commander
of the Ninth Parachute Battalion.
297
00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:19,319
We took off at about 10:30 p.m.
and I walked down the aircraft.
298
00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:22,839
I spoke to all the aircrew.
299
00:27:23,519 --> 00:27:25,519
I had taken a bottle of whiskey on board,
300
00:27:25,599 --> 00:27:28,559
so we all had a drink there
and I passed it round.
301
00:27:29,519 --> 00:27:31,759
Otway's view from above gives him
302
00:27:31,839 --> 00:27:34,920
a unique glimpse of the scale of D-Day.
303
00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:39,359
I actually stood
in the door of my aircraft.
304
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,000
It was a most fantastic sight.
305
00:27:42,359 --> 00:27:43,680
I could see all the ships,
306
00:27:43,759 --> 00:27:47,599
and they seemed to be already
streaming towards the French coast.
307
00:27:51,519 --> 00:27:54,160
The Ninth Battalion's primary objective
308
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:58,000
is to destroy
the Nazi-controlled Merville Battery,
309
00:27:58,319 --> 00:28:01,480
which threatens the troops
landing on Sword Beach.
310
00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:08,839
Each group of paratroopers
has a carefully planned drop zone.
311
00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:12,960
Otway's battalion
is aiming for drop zone V,
312
00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:16,079
a few kilometers southeast of Merville.
313
00:28:16,759 --> 00:28:20,759
Field Marshal Rommel
has ordered many of the surrounding fields
314
00:28:20,839 --> 00:28:23,559
to be flooded as an extra deterrent,
315
00:28:23,839 --> 00:28:27,680
so it's essential
that the paratroopers hit their targets.
316
00:28:29,799 --> 00:28:33,000
But navigating at night
is extremely challenging,
317
00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:37,400
and as Otway's Dakota
approaches the French coast,
318
00:28:37,759 --> 00:28:40,440
they are spotted by the German defenses.
319
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:47,400
Quite suddenly, anti-aircraft fire,
large and small, opened up on us,
320
00:28:47,480 --> 00:28:51,000
and I was waiting to jump
and there was an explosion.
321
00:28:53,559 --> 00:28:56,400
Otway is propelled out of his plane
322
00:28:56,680 --> 00:29:01,240
as thousands of other paratroopers
also make their descent near Merville.
323
00:29:02,079 --> 00:29:03,880
It was completely chaotic.
324
00:29:03,960 --> 00:29:06,680
Aircraft going in all directions
except the right ones,
325
00:29:06,759 --> 00:29:09,240
and all levels except for the right ones.
326
00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:17,039
Amidst the chaos, most of
the paratroopers miss their targets.
327
00:29:20,839 --> 00:29:24,200
Many land in Rommel's flooded fields
and drown,
328
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:29,279
unable to escape under the weight
of all their soaking wet kit.
329
00:29:30,559 --> 00:29:37,079
Of the 750 men in Otway's battalion,
only 150 make it to the rendezvous point.
330
00:29:38,240 --> 00:29:43,039
The decision was,
"Do I go on with 150 or do I pack it in?"
331
00:29:43,119 --> 00:29:47,240
But I didn't hesitate.
I said, "We must go on."
332
00:29:50,559 --> 00:29:55,119
A pathfinder group sent in
advance has cut a couple of openings
333
00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,559
in the battery's outer ring of barbed wire
334
00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:00,559
and cleared two routes
through the minefield.
335
00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:07,400
A diversionary attack
heads to the entrance of the battery.
336
00:30:08,960 --> 00:30:13,200
At 4:30 a.m.,
Otway sends the primary attack groups
337
00:30:13,279 --> 00:30:16,400
through the two gaps
created by the pathfinders.
338
00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:19,880
The attack went in,
339
00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:25,640
and there was a lot of machine gun fire
coming from the Germans from both flanks.
340
00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:29,200
The foreparties attacked the casemates.
341
00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:33,599
There was some fairly severe
hand-to-hand fighting.
342
00:30:39,240 --> 00:30:41,759
By 5:00 a.m. on the sixth of June,
343
00:30:42,079 --> 00:30:45,359
the Ninth Battalion
has completely occupied the battery.
344
00:30:52,039 --> 00:30:55,200
Out of 150 men
that we went in with, all ranks,
345
00:30:55,279 --> 00:30:58,000
there were only 75 of us
left standing on our feet.
346
00:30:58,079 --> 00:31:01,799
The others had been killed or wounded.
It was rather horrible.
347
00:31:05,559 --> 00:31:10,519
Despite the losses,
Otway is able to send a success signal.
348
00:31:11,119 --> 00:31:14,400
My signal officer
had got a carrier pigeon,
349
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:19,759
and he tied a victory message
round its leg and sent it off,
350
00:31:19,839 --> 00:31:23,480
and it arrived back
at Whitehall that morning.
351
00:31:24,960 --> 00:31:28,440
Shortly after the Ninth
Battalion take the Merville Battery,
352
00:31:30,000 --> 00:31:34,039
the Allied navies begin their bombardment
on the German defenses.
353
00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:43,480
Almost 7,000 vessels
approach the north coast of France,
354
00:31:43,839 --> 00:31:46,799
including over 1,200 warships.
355
00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:53,319
Ahead of the landings,
minesweepers have cleared channels
356
00:31:53,480 --> 00:31:56,680
to allow the warships
to safely move into position.
357
00:31:58,119 --> 00:32:03,279
The larger ships have specific targets
that each threaten the landing beaches.
358
00:32:05,839 --> 00:32:10,440
At 5:23 a.m., the Allied navies open fire.
359
00:32:20,759 --> 00:32:25,680
One of the flagships in the British fleet
is HMS Belfast.
360
00:32:29,119 --> 00:32:34,039
Viewing from above gives a unique
perspective of this mighty warship.
361
00:32:38,079 --> 00:32:41,119
The vessel is almost 200 meters long.
362
00:32:42,680 --> 00:32:47,599
Its primary weapons are two triple turrets
positioned at either end
363
00:32:48,319 --> 00:32:51,680
that have a range of over 22 kilometers.
364
00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:59,400
It's also armed with a variety
of anti-aircraft guns for defense,
365
00:33:00,519 --> 00:33:03,519
and additional double gun turrets
along each deck.
366
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:12,000
They combine to create a formidable
and lethal assault weapon.
367
00:33:17,559 --> 00:33:24,000
Lead curator Robert Rumble studies
the ferocious arsenal of HMS Belfast.
368
00:33:25,839 --> 00:33:32,599
The firepower offered by large warships
to smash German gun emplacements,
369
00:33:32,759 --> 00:33:38,680
bunkers, concrete positions was key
to softening up the enemy positions.
370
00:33:40,759 --> 00:33:43,359
The shells
raining down on the beaches
371
00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:46,359
are stored in the heart of HMS Belfast.
372
00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:49,680
A fortified steel cylinder
373
00:33:50,200 --> 00:33:53,480
protects a cavernous
munitions room beneath each turret.
374
00:33:57,160 --> 00:34:00,160
Each room can hold up to 1,000 shells,
375
00:34:01,240 --> 00:34:04,400
but every one has to be loaded by hand.
376
00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:09,360
A sailor
would have taken a shell...
377
00:34:09,440 --> 00:34:13,280
It's worth remembering
that these weigh over 50 kilos,
378
00:34:13,360 --> 00:34:15,039
so they're incredibly heavy.
379
00:34:15,119 --> 00:34:18,199
Would have loaded them by hand
into these hoists,
380
00:34:18,639 --> 00:34:21,679
and then the shell
would have gone up the hoist,
381
00:34:22,280 --> 00:34:24,800
all the way to the turret itself,
382
00:34:24,880 --> 00:34:27,719
where the turret crew would
have been ready to take them
383
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:30,119
and load them into the guns.
384
00:34:31,360 --> 00:34:34,639
Four decks above,
inside the turret towers,
385
00:34:35,360 --> 00:34:39,760
the crews can load and launch
eight shells a minute from each gun.
386
00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:47,199
To load it, the gun would be
brought to the horizontal,
387
00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:52,239
breech opened,
the loading tray brought over,
388
00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:58,320
shell rammed up,
powder bag dropped in behind it,
389
00:34:58,400 --> 00:35:01,599
30 pounds of cordite,
and that would be rammed up as well.
390
00:35:01,920 --> 00:35:03,119
Breech closed,
391
00:35:04,599 --> 00:35:08,880
vent tube into the small breech
at the back here, and that closed as well.
392
00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:14,000
And then the gun would be brought up to
the correct elevation, ready for firing.
393
00:35:15,360 --> 00:35:19,000
At 5:27 a.m. on the sixth of June,
394
00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:24,159
HMS Belfast fires all its main guns
on the Normandy coast,
395
00:35:25,320 --> 00:35:28,320
launching 96 shells a minute.
396
00:35:37,639 --> 00:35:40,199
These guns were what
Belfast was all about.
397
00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:46,679
The whole ship shook through the energy
of all 12 guns firing at the same time.
398
00:35:48,079 --> 00:35:53,960
The sounds and the flash of the explosion
out through the barrels was tremendous.
399
00:35:58,800 --> 00:36:03,360
After two hours of the Allied
warships battering their German targets,
400
00:36:05,199 --> 00:36:07,760
the amphibious landings begin.
401
00:36:11,039 --> 00:36:12,920
On the British and Canadian beaches,
402
00:36:14,519 --> 00:36:18,280
each brigade launches
the Duplex Drive tanks first.
403
00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:24,480
Behind them, landing craft
packed with specialized assault vehicles,
404
00:36:25,599 --> 00:36:32,039
then the infantry, traveling on board
multiple waves of smaller landing craft.
405
00:36:34,119 --> 00:36:38,880
Almost 25,000 British soldiers
target Gold Beach.
406
00:36:40,239 --> 00:36:44,000
More than 21,000 Canadians approach Juno.
407
00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:49,840
And a further 28,000
British troops zone in on Sword.
408
00:36:51,840 --> 00:36:56,320
Combined with the US forces
landing on Utah and Omaha,
409
00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:01,800
over 130,000 Allied soldiers
prepare to disembark,
410
00:37:02,360 --> 00:37:05,559
with the warships
continuing to provide support.
411
00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:13,440
They enter a maelstrom
of German shells and bullets.
412
00:37:16,199 --> 00:37:17,639
Chaos ensues.
413
00:37:24,039 --> 00:37:25,559
Despite the carnage,
414
00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:31,079
wave upon wave of infantry
arrive on the shoreline behind the tanks.
415
00:37:35,519 --> 00:37:36,960
On Gold Beach,
416
00:37:37,039 --> 00:37:41,599
the British commanders have learned
their lessons from Exercise Smash.
417
00:37:43,079 --> 00:37:48,599
Given the rough seas, they only launch
the DD tanks just off the beaches.
418
00:37:50,440 --> 00:37:52,440
Most successfully land,
419
00:37:53,239 --> 00:37:57,559
and provide destructive and
heavily-armored support for the infantry.
420
00:38:02,039 --> 00:38:07,000
20 kilometers down the coast,
it's a different story on Omaha.
421
00:38:10,880 --> 00:38:13,000
The Americans have launched their DD tanks
422
00:38:13,079 --> 00:38:15,760
over four and a half kilometers
off the coast.
423
00:38:16,159 --> 00:38:18,960
And in the rough seas, most have sunk.
424
00:38:23,400 --> 00:38:27,199
This leaves the infantry exposed
as they land on the beach
425
00:38:27,280 --> 00:38:29,199
in the most vulnerable position.
426
00:38:32,199 --> 00:38:33,480
The water line.
427
00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:42,079
As they disembark the landing craft,
428
00:38:43,519 --> 00:38:48,679
they are sitting ducks for the German guns
embedded high on the bluffs.
429
00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:01,400
On the 6th of June, 1944,
430
00:39:02,960 --> 00:39:07,639
most of the German guns are not aiming
at the Allied navies out at sea.
431
00:39:09,639 --> 00:39:13,400
They are pointing directly
along the Normandy beaches.
432
00:39:18,559 --> 00:39:19,960
Here at Omaha,
433
00:39:23,880 --> 00:39:25,920
the gunners have easy prey.
434
00:39:29,159 --> 00:39:32,199
More than 34,000 American soldiers
435
00:39:32,280 --> 00:39:36,599
are disembarking
on this short stretch of sand.
436
00:39:43,760 --> 00:39:46,960
With more German guns
at the other end of Omaha,
437
00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:52,239
the Allied troops are charging
into a deadly web of defensive crossfire.
438
00:39:56,599 --> 00:40:00,360
One US soldier, who makes it
onto the beach in the first wave,
439
00:40:01,440 --> 00:40:03,039
is Harley Reynolds.
440
00:40:05,760 --> 00:40:08,679
The main message
from his training is clear.
441
00:40:10,480 --> 00:40:13,840
You've gotta get off the beach to be safe.
442
00:40:14,719 --> 00:40:18,639
You're gonna be killed on that beach.
Get the hell off of it.
443
00:40:22,519 --> 00:40:24,480
When our boat hit land,
444
00:40:24,920 --> 00:40:30,320
we had approximately 300 yards
yet to go to the shingle bank.
445
00:40:31,440 --> 00:40:36,079
It was the only protection that you had
at all on that beach, behind that shingle.
446
00:40:37,480 --> 00:40:41,679
I had 80 pounds of equipment on me.
I ran, and I didn't miss a step.
447
00:40:42,199 --> 00:40:44,559
Never moved so fast in my life.
448
00:40:47,440 --> 00:40:50,960
I had bullets come so close to me,
I could feel the wind from it.
449
00:40:51,519 --> 00:40:53,760
You could hear the bullets zipping by.
450
00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:56,400
You could hear them
hit the men alongside of you.
451
00:41:01,159 --> 00:41:03,880
It's a terrible sound,
to hear a bullet hit a man.
452
00:41:08,159 --> 00:41:13,960
I can remember thinking on that beach,
no one was gonna survive.
453
00:41:16,480 --> 00:41:22,000
My feeling was that we were
454
00:41:23,440 --> 00:41:24,920
being sacrificed.
455
00:41:39,039 --> 00:41:43,679
Wave after wave of infantry
arrive in Omaha's killing zone.
456
00:41:47,079 --> 00:41:51,000
The Americans suffer 2,500 casualties.
457
00:41:59,480 --> 00:42:04,199
Eventually, enough survivors
make it off the beaches and up the bluffs.
458
00:42:05,119 --> 00:42:07,440
They outflank the German positions.
459
00:42:10,679 --> 00:42:15,519
The improving morning light allows
Allied warships to approach the beach
460
00:42:15,960 --> 00:42:18,920
and target the bunkers
housing the big guns.
461
00:42:25,280 --> 00:42:29,239
Ultimately, the sheer scale
of the Allied invasion
462
00:42:29,320 --> 00:42:31,920
is too much for the German defenses.
463
00:42:32,920 --> 00:42:35,840
D-Day is a huge success.
464
00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:41,440
Over the coming days,
465
00:42:41,679 --> 00:42:46,639
tens of thousands of Allied soldiers
begin to progress inland.
466
00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:54,679
In most of the coastal villages,
they are welcomed as liberators.
467
00:43:02,039 --> 00:43:03,760
Many Germans surrender.
468
00:43:08,199 --> 00:43:09,480
Some do not.
469
00:43:15,559 --> 00:43:18,679
D-Day is a major turning point in the war.
470
00:43:20,960 --> 00:43:24,840
Once more, the Allies
have a foothold in mainland Europe.
471
00:43:27,119 --> 00:43:30,760
But this victory has come at a heavy cost.
472
00:43:32,440 --> 00:43:35,920
There are at least
10,000 Allied casualties,
473
00:43:36,599 --> 00:43:39,719
with more than 4,000 confirmed dead.
474
00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:47,559
Thousands of civilians
and Germans have also lost their lives.
475
00:43:52,039 --> 00:43:55,480
And a long road to Berlin lies ahead.
43020
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