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This film completes
the Planet Earth trilogy.
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We started making
the very first series
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just over 20 years ago.
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Since then, our camera teams
have filmed all over the world
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and visited some of its wildest
and most remote corners.
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But the truth is
that most of the animals
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we filmed over these last two decades
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are now rarer than they were.
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And the places where they live
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are in greater danger of destruction.
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But I've seen another change
in those years,
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a hopeful change.
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A new generation of remarkable people
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are stepping up to save wildlife.
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They're overcoming huge obstacles,
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travelling to dangerous places,
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and sometimes
even risking their lives.
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To me, they are true heroes.
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This is the story of some of them.
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Hidden in the heart of the Andes
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is the Centro Jambatu research centre.
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It's protecting members of
what is, perhaps surprisingly,
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the most endangered group
of animals in the world.
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Frogs.
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These individuals are the very last
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of their particular species.
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They're brought here
not only for protection,
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but, more importantly,
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to increase their numbers.
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And the person to find them...
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...Jaime Culebras.
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I was seven the first time
that I saw a frog
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and just changed my life.
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And ever since his childhood,
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he's been exploring
the remotest places
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and searching for the rarest frogs.
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This is a leaf frog.
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He is just amazing.
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It's impossible to don't fall in love
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with an animal like this, no?
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But there is one frog here
that is very special.
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His name -
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Sad Santiago.
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This is Sad Santiago,
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and he's sad because he's alone.
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He's one of the last members
of his species.
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And he needs a female.
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Known as the Morona-Santiago
harlequin frog,
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he may be the rarest frog
in the world.
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While the other frogs here
are doing their best
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to increase their populations,
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Santiago has sat alone
for four long years.
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Maybe it's not
the most beautiful frog,
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but he deserves love.
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Santiago has now grown old,
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and if Jaime can't find
a female for him soon,
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the whole species
could become extinct.
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The last place where one
of these frogs was seen...
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...was high up on a mountain
in the cloud forest of Ecuador.
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There's only one way to get there.
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Joining him
is fellow frog-hunter Darwin
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and Jaime's partner
and frog scientist Francesca.
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Ohh!
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Come on, come on.
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Arriba.
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This is one of
the wettest places on Earth,
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and right now
it's actually the wet season,
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the rainy season,
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so it rains even more.
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Soaking wet and teeming with bugs...
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...it's a perfect place
for frogs.
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Let's go.
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Most frogs come out of hiding
at night.
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This place is extremely wonderful,
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but you have to be careful
where you put your hands.
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Being with him is...
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It's unusual.
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It's not your regular relationship.
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Oh. He's obsessed.
He's really obsessed.
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Streams like this
should be full of frogs
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of many different species...
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...but they search all night
and find nothing.
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It's a silent forest.
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It's sad.
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The sound of frogs is slowly
disappearing from our world.
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The only place
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many frog species can now be found
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is in a museum.
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A key reason is the spread
of a fungus called chytrid...
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...that can grow
on the moist skins of frogs,
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eventually killing them.
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90 species are thought
to have become extinct
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as a consequence,
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and almost 600 more
are now critically endangered.
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Before chytrid,
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I'm pretty sure
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that you could walk
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through the stream
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and see everywhere
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many, many, many frogs
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on the rocks calling "prrr-prrr"!
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I wish I had been born
before the frog disease.
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Night after night...
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...they search the stream.
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Jaime!
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It's there.
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I found a female!
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Agh!
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Woohoo!
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It's a female! Look.
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The size is bigger than the males.
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Wow.
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I feel so happy.
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The first female!
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She could be the cornerstone
of a new breeding programme.
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Santiago will be very, very,
very, very, very happy...
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...because
she's really beautiful.
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In my hand, I have hope.
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I have the saviour of this species,
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for breeding programmes
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and for people to reproduce it.
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I don't know, it's like
I just have hope in my hand.
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It's not just frogs
that are threatened.
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Of the eight million species
living on this planet,
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one million are now facing extinction.
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One of them is the forest elephant.
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We filmed these images in 2004
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for the first Planet Earth series.
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Nine years later,
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poachers came here
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and killed 26 elephants
for their ivory...
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...including
four of the calves.
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00:10:30,422 --> 00:10:32,674
Since that first series,
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the number of forest elephants
across Africa
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has dropped by two-thirds.
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But stopping the slaughter
is a risky business.
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Abidjan in Côte d'lvoire,
West Africa...
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...part of the global network
in the illegal ivory trade.
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00:11:11,505 --> 00:11:14,883
A stranger has flown in from Vietnam,
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a hub for the import of ivory.
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Her name - Trang Nguyen.
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Her speciality - infiltrating
the illegal wildlife trade
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by posing as a buyer.
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00:12:24,536 --> 00:12:27,956
Trang is working with a network
of conservationists
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called EAGLE.
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00:12:30,292 --> 00:12:33,962
Her contact here is Rens llgen.
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But what is particular
with this new trade
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in West Africa is, as you can see,
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a lot of the tusks
are from baby elephants.
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So they're really down to
the last elephants.
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Yeah.
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Now Trang is set her task.
153
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So I want you to meet
the godfather of ivory.
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We already arrested him four years ago
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when he had 400kg of ivory,
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which he was supplying
to the Vietnamese community
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linked to the Vietnamese mafia.
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As he has been arrested before,
he might be very cautious.
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It might be dangerous.
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She prepares her disguise
as a business woman,
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but under her jacket -
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hidden recording equipment.
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EAGLE's undercover agents
have been following
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the Godfather for years.
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Now is the moment to catch him.
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This is your first meeting.
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You're just going to discuss
and get to know each other.
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See if they have the products.
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- Exactly.
- I'm going in,
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and I need to sit
facing away from the door,
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because I don't want people
to see me with him.
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- We will be close by...
- Yep.
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...and nothing will go wrong.
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OK.
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00:14:11,518 --> 00:14:13,854
- Good luck.
- Bye.
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She meets the Godfather
at a local cafe.
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The secret cameras capture the story.
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Mm-hm.
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But the Godfather denies
having any ivory for sale.
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Merci.
181
00:15:30,931 --> 00:15:32,307
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
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Merci.
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Perhaps there's no ivory.
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00:15:38,146 --> 00:15:40,649
Or maybe he doesn't trust Trang.
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It's a serious setback.
186
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But there are other traders out there.
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Perhaps her presence in town
will draw them in.
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Every day that passes,
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more elephants are killed.
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For Trang, this work is very personal.
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When I was 23, I got the phone call.
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00:16:30,490 --> 00:16:34,411
The doctor told me
that I had bowel cancer.
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00:16:37,455 --> 00:16:39,708
The first thing pop up in
my mind is that I'm so young,
194
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how can I get cancer?
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Once you have cancer,
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you don't know how long
you're going to live for,
197
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and if I want to do anything,
then I should just do it now.
198
00:16:52,053 --> 00:16:54,055
And that's when I said,
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"OK, I'm just going to do undercover,"
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because I don't know
when I'm gonna die,
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I might as well do something
really meaningful.
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00:17:07,819 --> 00:17:11,614
Currently, Trang is in remission.
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00:17:19,497 --> 00:17:22,417
Three days later,
there's a breakthrough.
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A video sent by a trader.
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00:17:32,761 --> 00:17:36,389
I can see that this video
have about 14, 15 ivory.
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00:17:36,514 --> 00:17:39,392
They are big tusks, they are
also small tusks as well.
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00:17:39,517 --> 00:17:41,770
It's obviously come
from baby elephants.
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00:17:41,895 --> 00:17:43,104
The bait has been taken.
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00:17:43,229 --> 00:17:46,274
Trang and the EAGLE team
must act fast.
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She goes to meet the new targets.
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00:18:00,789 --> 00:18:02,082
First job...
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Bonsoir.
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00:18:03,583 --> 00:18:04,834
...gain their trust.
214
00:18:15,386 --> 00:18:16,513
Cheers.
215
00:18:16,638 --> 00:18:17,764
- Cheers.
- Cheers.
216
00:18:27,232 --> 00:18:28,316
OK.
217
00:18:28,441 --> 00:18:31,402
Eventually,
Trang persuades the traders
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00:18:31,528 --> 00:18:37,867
to move to a hotel room nearby
to weigh the ivory
219
00:18:37,992 --> 00:18:40,078
and make the transaction.
220
00:18:51,714 --> 00:18:53,883
Close the door.
Close the door.
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00:19:10,191 --> 00:19:12,861
Ivory is sold by the kilo.
222
00:19:12,986 --> 00:19:16,239
That is just over 20.
20.2?
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00:19:16,364 --> 00:19:17,657
20.3.
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00:19:17,782 --> 00:19:22,162
A whole elephant family
was killed for this haul.
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00:19:24,581 --> 00:19:27,917
It's worth over $6,000.
226
00:19:28,042 --> 00:19:30,712
Here, that is a year's salary.
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00:19:34,883 --> 00:19:37,302
What the traders don't realise
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00:19:37,427 --> 00:19:41,347
is that the police are
in the room above,
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00:19:41,472 --> 00:19:43,474
waiting for a text from Trang.
230
00:19:54,861 --> 00:19:56,529
OK, let's go.
231
00:20:13,546 --> 00:20:14,672
Who's there?
232
00:20:15,965 --> 00:20:17,050
Service?
233
00:20:25,266 --> 00:20:26,893
You go open the door.
234
00:20:27,018 --> 00:20:28,728
OK.
235
00:20:36,653 --> 00:20:38,571
Don't move, don't move, don't move!
236
00:20:56,089 --> 00:20:57,465
For her own safety,
237
00:20:57,590 --> 00:21:01,219
she has to keep her cover story
and behave as a criminal...
238
00:21:05,723 --> 00:21:08,810
...which means
she must also be arrested.
239
00:21:20,029 --> 00:21:25,076
A link in the global
supply chain... broken.
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00:21:32,208 --> 00:21:33,251
OK.
241
00:21:34,877 --> 00:21:37,213
Trang is whisked away
242
00:21:37,338 --> 00:21:40,758
whilst the traders are taken
to the police station,
243
00:21:40,883 --> 00:21:44,512
none the wiser about her involvement.
244
00:21:51,602 --> 00:21:53,021
Over the next year,
245
00:21:53,146 --> 00:21:56,649
EAGLE catch 140 more traffickers
246
00:21:56,774 --> 00:22:00,945
in the fight against
the global wildlife trade.
247
00:22:03,531 --> 00:22:07,535
But for Trang,
this is her last operation.
248
00:22:08,953 --> 00:22:11,247
It's why we can show her face.
249
00:22:21,591 --> 00:22:26,054
It's not safe for her to stay
a minute longer than necessary.
250
00:22:32,101 --> 00:22:38,816
Trang's final task is to vanish
from Abidjan... for ever.
251
00:22:47,241 --> 00:22:48,534
Across the world,
252
00:22:48,659 --> 00:22:53,748
the numbers of wild animals
are falling alarmingly.
253
00:22:53,873 --> 00:22:55,875
In just two decades -
254
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:59,087
since we started making
the first Planet Earth series -
255
00:22:59,212 --> 00:23:02,924
the abundance of wildlife
around the globe has dropped
256
00:23:03,049 --> 00:23:06,719
on average by over 30%.
257
00:23:07,929 --> 00:23:11,474
We're facing a disaster,
a catastrophe.
258
00:23:12,683 --> 00:23:16,938
Scientists say that we're on
the edge of a mass extinction.
259
00:23:19,148 --> 00:23:22,527
It's being caused by human activity.
260
00:23:22,652 --> 00:23:26,948
So humans also have the power
to stop it.
261
00:23:30,576 --> 00:23:34,705
It takes many qualities
to save even one species.
262
00:23:36,874 --> 00:23:38,334
Determination...
263
00:23:41,629 --> 00:23:42,880
...courage...
264
00:23:45,174 --> 00:23:46,467
...and passion.
265
00:23:48,803 --> 00:23:52,932
And often, there's another
ingredient that's needed.
266
00:23:54,559 --> 00:23:58,020
The ability to think big.
267
00:24:01,732 --> 00:24:06,362
In Vienna, Katharina Huchler
is just starting a new job.
268
00:24:08,072 --> 00:24:09,615
The pay is terrible.
269
00:24:10,867 --> 00:24:12,368
The hours are long.
270
00:24:15,163 --> 00:24:16,831
And there are no days off.
271
00:24:19,333 --> 00:24:23,171
She is about to become
a foster mother.
272
00:24:23,296 --> 00:24:24,630
Hi.
273
00:24:24,755 --> 00:24:25,840
Hi.
274
00:24:25,965 --> 00:24:27,341
Good morning.
275
00:24:27,467 --> 00:24:28,759
Hi. Hi.
276
00:24:28,885 --> 00:24:30,553
And these are her new babies...
277
00:24:32,221 --> 00:24:34,932
You're pretty awake. Hi.
278
00:24:35,057 --> 00:24:38,769
...28 of one of
the world's rarest birds.
279
00:24:38,895 --> 00:24:40,313
Hey. Hi.
280
00:24:40,438 --> 00:24:44,066
The northern bald ibis.
281
00:24:44,192 --> 00:24:47,320
You really quickly fall in love
with them.
282
00:24:47,445 --> 00:24:52,492
They were hunted to extinction
in Europe over 400 years ago.
283
00:24:54,660 --> 00:24:57,497
These chicks were born in a zoo.
284
00:24:58,539 --> 00:25:00,583
Katharina's task is to teach them
285
00:25:00,708 --> 00:25:04,045
to become wild, free birds.
286
00:25:04,170 --> 00:25:07,006
Yes, yes, yes. Komm. Komm.
287
00:25:07,131 --> 00:25:12,303
To do that, she must convince
them that she is their mother.
288
00:25:12,428 --> 00:25:14,722
It's a process called imprinting.
289
00:25:14,847 --> 00:25:16,891
While it's happening,
290
00:25:17,016 --> 00:25:19,143
the chicks must never see or hear
291
00:25:19,268 --> 00:25:22,647
any other human except Helena,
292
00:25:22,772 --> 00:25:26,484
who's an ibis foster mum
for the second time.
293
00:25:26,609 --> 00:25:30,029
They must always wear
identical yellow clothes
294
00:25:30,154 --> 00:25:35,117
and repeat the same noises
again and again.
295
00:25:36,285 --> 00:25:37,662
Goodnight.
296
00:25:37,787 --> 00:25:40,164
They're here when the chicks
fall asleep...
297
00:25:40,289 --> 00:25:41,916
Sleep well.
298
00:25:43,834 --> 00:25:47,004
...and the first thing they see
when they awake.
299
00:25:47,129 --> 00:25:49,131
Good morning, waldies! Hallo!
300
00:25:49,257 --> 00:25:52,301
Let's have something to eat,
shall we? Yes, let's eat.
301
00:25:52,426 --> 00:25:56,222
They're a bit like every human baby.
302
00:25:56,347 --> 00:25:58,724
They just need their food
bit by bit by bit
303
00:25:58,849 --> 00:25:59,976
all day long.
304
00:26:00,101 --> 00:26:01,769
Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
305
00:26:01,894 --> 00:26:04,105
Oh, no, we did it all wrong.
306
00:26:05,398 --> 00:26:06,482
Aw!
307
00:26:06,607 --> 00:26:09,318
It's really like changing
the nappies of the babies.
308
00:26:09,443 --> 00:26:13,197
28 mouths to feed and bottoms to wipe,
309
00:26:13,322 --> 00:26:17,076
and all the time talking to the birds.
310
00:26:17,201 --> 00:26:19,328
Komm, komm, waldies!
Komm, komm!
311
00:26:19,453 --> 00:26:21,122
Feeling really tired.
312
00:26:21,247 --> 00:26:23,207
Yeah. I'd really like to sleep
a little bit more.
313
00:26:25,042 --> 00:26:27,795
As the weeks pass, the bond grows.
314
00:26:29,755 --> 00:26:32,174
And then it is time for the next stage
315
00:26:32,300 --> 00:26:34,635
in becoming wild birds.
316
00:26:38,931 --> 00:26:42,810
They move to a field
in the Austrian Alps.
317
00:26:47,940 --> 00:26:51,569
They've now grown
their adult flight feathers...
318
00:26:52,361 --> 00:26:53,112
Hey!
319
00:26:53,237 --> 00:26:56,115
...but they're still chicks
on the inside.
320
00:26:57,408 --> 00:27:00,119
So the imprinting must continue.
321
00:27:00,244 --> 00:27:02,079
With this hand gesture,
322
00:27:02,204 --> 00:27:05,875
we imitate the bill of an adult ibis
323
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:09,295
and we combine it with the
greeting sound. So this is...
324
00:27:09,420 --> 00:27:11,964
Kkloh! Kkloh!
325
00:27:12,089 --> 00:27:16,677
All this imprinting is for
a very important reason.
326
00:27:19,430 --> 00:27:21,932
These are migratory birds.
327
00:27:22,058 --> 00:27:24,852
In autumn, they must fly south
328
00:27:24,977 --> 00:27:28,356
to their warm feeding grounds
in Italy.
329
00:27:29,690 --> 00:27:32,485
And that is a problem.
330
00:27:32,610 --> 00:27:35,821
They know that
they need to go somewhere,
331
00:27:35,946 --> 00:27:38,824
but they don't know
in which direction and how far.
332
00:27:38,949 --> 00:27:43,079
So they need to learn the route
from their parents.
333
00:27:44,789 --> 00:27:47,249
Their human mothers
must show them the way.
334
00:27:49,335 --> 00:27:52,588
And that requires a little ingenuity.
335
00:28:02,098 --> 00:28:05,559
This is where the imprinting
is put to the test.
336
00:28:15,945 --> 00:28:18,406
Will the birds follow them...
337
00:28:20,324 --> 00:28:22,618
...even in a microlight?
338
00:28:22,743 --> 00:28:23,828
Komm, komm!
339
00:28:23,953 --> 00:28:26,288
Komm, komm, waldies!
340
00:28:26,414 --> 00:28:27,581
Komm, komm!
341
00:28:42,263 --> 00:28:46,642
Getting too close is dangerous
for both birds and humans.
342
00:28:56,694 --> 00:28:58,195
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
343
00:29:15,588 --> 00:29:17,757
After a wobbly start...
344
00:29:19,300 --> 00:29:21,218
...at last they settle.
345
00:29:26,974 --> 00:29:30,144
The imprinting has worked.
346
00:29:42,656 --> 00:29:44,533
Our birds did very well today.
347
00:29:52,333 --> 00:29:55,002
But their biggest challenge
is still to come.
348
00:30:00,591 --> 00:30:02,551
The Zillertal Alps.
349
00:30:08,682 --> 00:30:12,061
A great wall of rock and ice.
350
00:30:21,153 --> 00:30:23,739
It's going to be
the most important flight
351
00:30:23,864 --> 00:30:25,533
of their young lives.
352
00:30:27,034 --> 00:30:31,413
It will take them to
the very edge of exhaustion.
353
00:30:31,539 --> 00:30:35,042
A lot of young birds die
during their first migration.
354
00:30:35,167 --> 00:30:37,253
They are still so inexperienced.
355
00:30:38,963 --> 00:30:40,381
There's also danger
356
00:30:40,506 --> 00:30:42,466
for the foster mothers and the pilots.
357
00:30:46,303 --> 00:30:48,556
If there is a problem
with the microlights,
358
00:30:48,681 --> 00:30:51,100
there is no safe place to land.
359
00:30:54,270 --> 00:30:57,982
To gain enough height to fly
over these mountains...
360
00:31:00,359 --> 00:31:04,738
...they must find columns of
rising air called thermals...
361
00:31:08,534 --> 00:31:11,203
...a skill these birds
would normally learn
362
00:31:11,328 --> 00:31:14,665
by following their natural mothers.
363
00:31:31,473 --> 00:31:35,394
It takes expert piloting
to find the thermals.
364
00:31:44,904 --> 00:31:46,906
Once within one,
365
00:31:47,031 --> 00:31:50,367
it's turbulent and unpredictable.
366
00:32:10,721 --> 00:32:11,931
With every turn,
367
00:32:12,056 --> 00:32:16,894
the mothers must make sure
all 28 birds are following.
368
00:32:42,378 --> 00:32:43,963
All 28 birds here.
369
00:32:46,924 --> 00:32:48,592
Phew.
370
00:33:01,146 --> 00:33:05,818
At last, they make it over
the highest ridge.
371
00:33:21,083 --> 00:33:25,462
From now on, it should be easy flying.
372
00:33:47,067 --> 00:33:48,986
What we are trying to do,
373
00:33:49,111 --> 00:33:50,904
apart from saving the ibis,
374
00:33:51,030 --> 00:33:53,449
is trying to give hope to people.
375
00:33:56,243 --> 00:33:58,954
If you can bring back one species,
376
00:33:59,079 --> 00:34:00,789
you can also do it with others.
377
00:34:14,178 --> 00:34:19,808
A species once
left for dead now has a future.
378
00:34:24,605 --> 00:34:26,982
And they head
for their safe winter home
379
00:34:27,107 --> 00:34:29,943
in a protected nature reserve.
380
00:34:53,884 --> 00:34:58,055
But as we have seen
throughout this series,
381
00:34:58,180 --> 00:35:00,724
many species are losing
382
00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:03,811
the wild habitats
they need to survive.
383
00:35:07,356 --> 00:35:10,859
It's the biggest cause of extinction.
384
00:35:19,034 --> 00:35:23,914
Nowhere is this more apparent
than in the Amazon rainforest.
385
00:35:27,876 --> 00:35:32,297
Our Planet Earth crews
have filmed here many times
386
00:35:32,422 --> 00:35:34,299
over the last two decades...
387
00:35:43,142 --> 00:35:44,476
...and in that time,
388
00:35:44,601 --> 00:35:48,730
over 16,000 million trees...
389
00:35:51,525 --> 00:35:53,110
...have been felled.
390
00:35:59,533 --> 00:36:01,535
To safeguard the countless species
391
00:36:01,660 --> 00:36:02,703
that live here...
392
00:36:03,912 --> 00:36:06,832
...the forest itself
must be protected...
393
00:36:09,334 --> 00:36:13,797
...and there's a force
rising up to do just that.
394
00:36:40,866 --> 00:36:45,746
Alessandra Korap is one of
the leaders of the Munduruku.
395
00:36:48,165 --> 00:36:51,335
They have been the guardians
of this part of the Amazon
396
00:36:51,460 --> 00:36:53,545
for thousands of years.
397
00:37:33,293 --> 00:37:35,128
When she was a child,
398
00:37:35,254 --> 00:37:39,758
this part of the Amazon forest
stretched unbroken
399
00:37:39,883 --> 00:37:41,760
for hundreds of kilometres.
400
00:37:49,434 --> 00:37:52,104
Now it's being carved up...
401
00:37:53,272 --> 00:37:55,857
...for mining, for timber,
402
00:37:55,983 --> 00:37:59,361
but most of all for agriculture.
403
00:38:02,864 --> 00:38:07,369
This is the frontline
in the battle for the Amazon,
404
00:38:07,494 --> 00:38:10,205
and it is a deadly one.
405
00:38:15,544 --> 00:38:18,755
In the last decade,
more than 300 people
406
00:38:18,880 --> 00:38:22,634
have been murdered in Brazil
defending the environment.
407
00:38:51,288 --> 00:38:54,958
The Munduruku,
like many indigenous groups,
408
00:38:55,083 --> 00:38:57,836
live in isolated communities
409
00:38:57,961 --> 00:39:02,132
vulnerable to attack from
miners, farmers and loggers.
410
00:39:30,660 --> 00:39:35,791
The Amazon's future is decided
3,000 kilometres away.
411
00:39:38,293 --> 00:39:41,213
Here, in the parliament of Brazil,
412
00:39:41,338 --> 00:39:44,007
new laws are being debated
413
00:39:44,132 --> 00:39:45,967
to allow the exploitation
414
00:39:46,093 --> 00:39:48,261
of their traditional tribal land.
415
00:39:53,266 --> 00:39:56,812
But Alessandra has a plan -
416
00:39:56,937 --> 00:39:59,481
to unite with other tribes
417
00:39:59,606 --> 00:40:02,776
and organise a protest so big
418
00:40:02,901 --> 00:40:05,779
that it cannot be ignored.
419
00:40:56,371 --> 00:41:00,208
It's a three-day journey
to the capital city.
420
00:41:03,837 --> 00:41:07,090
Trucks rumble to and from the fields.
421
00:41:09,301 --> 00:41:13,013
Land that used to be rainforest.
422
00:41:13,138 --> 00:41:18,560
They're carrying thousands
of tonnes of soya beans.
423
00:41:21,354 --> 00:41:24,065
It's shipped from the heart
of the Amazon
424
00:41:24,191 --> 00:41:25,609
across the world.
425
00:41:27,527 --> 00:41:29,321
Not to feed humans...
426
00:41:30,447 --> 00:41:32,240
...but to feed livestock.
427
00:41:57,349 --> 00:42:01,102
Eventually, Alessandra makes it
to Brasilia.
428
00:42:02,979 --> 00:42:06,858
News of the protest has spread
all over the country.
429
00:42:10,529 --> 00:42:14,491
200 groups have united in a huge camp.
430
00:42:18,245 --> 00:42:21,748
From the Northeast of Brazil -
the Xukuru.
431
00:42:23,041 --> 00:42:27,128
From the southern edge
of the Amazon - the Karajá.
432
00:42:39,266 --> 00:42:43,228
For ten days, they protest
against the proposed laws.
433
00:43:03,081 --> 00:43:06,626
Alessandra and the other
leaders have created
434
00:43:06,751 --> 00:43:09,296
the biggest protest
by indigenous people
435
00:43:09,421 --> 00:43:11,548
ever held in Brazil.
436
00:43:21,725 --> 00:43:26,521
Later, one of the proposed
laws was withdrawn...
437
00:43:32,569 --> 00:43:35,530
...a small but significant
victory
438
00:43:35,655 --> 00:43:39,034
in Alessandra's fight
for Brazil's wild places.
439
00:43:48,335 --> 00:43:52,464
The destruction of habitats
is currently the biggest threat
440
00:43:52,589 --> 00:43:55,800
to the survival of animal species.
441
00:43:55,925 --> 00:44:00,555
But there is an even greater
disaster on the horizon.
442
00:44:00,680 --> 00:44:03,516
Our climate is changing.
443
00:44:03,642 --> 00:44:07,312
Seasons have become
unpredictable and more extreme.
444
00:44:07,437 --> 00:44:09,689
Our planet is getting hotter.
445
00:44:13,735 --> 00:44:15,320
Scientists predict
446
00:44:15,445 --> 00:44:19,991
that if the global temperature
rises by over two degrees,
447
00:44:20,116 --> 00:44:21,743
it is likely to become
448
00:44:21,868 --> 00:44:23,662
the number one cause
449
00:44:23,787 --> 00:44:25,205
of extinction.
450
00:44:26,748 --> 00:44:29,459
To halt climate change,
451
00:44:29,584 --> 00:44:34,047
perhaps politicians
need to become heroes, too.
452
00:44:34,172 --> 00:44:35,757
Hello, good evening,
453
00:44:35,882 --> 00:44:37,842
and a warm welcome to Glasgow
and the start
454
00:44:37,967 --> 00:44:40,762
of the long-awaited
climate summit COP26.
455
00:44:40,887 --> 00:44:43,139
World leaders, prominent scientists
456
00:44:43,264 --> 00:44:45,850
and advisers all ready
for 12 days of...
457
00:44:45,975 --> 00:44:48,436
Mohamed Nasheed is a politician,
458
00:44:48,561 --> 00:44:51,523
the former president of the Maldives.
459
00:44:51,648 --> 00:44:55,610
The doctors said
that they took 16 ball bearings
460
00:44:55,735 --> 00:44:59,197
from all parts of my body.
461
00:45:00,365 --> 00:45:03,076
I was unconscious for two days.
462
00:45:04,661 --> 00:45:06,955
Over his political career,
463
00:45:07,080 --> 00:45:09,791
he has been tortured, imprisoned
464
00:45:09,916 --> 00:45:13,712
and recently survived
an assassination attempt.
465
00:45:15,505 --> 00:45:17,298
But during that time,
466
00:45:17,424 --> 00:45:20,135
he's also fought relentlessly
467
00:45:20,260 --> 00:45:23,096
against climate change.
468
00:45:24,848 --> 00:45:27,851
...pleasure to be able
to bring you Mohamed Nasheed.
469
00:45:29,269 --> 00:45:34,399
In Glasgow, on the eve
of climate conference COP26,
470
00:45:34,524 --> 00:45:36,401
he is addressing a rally.
471
00:45:36,526 --> 00:45:38,278
Thank you.
472
00:45:38,403 --> 00:45:39,696
Thank you very much.
473
00:45:44,617 --> 00:45:47,287
So we come to COP26
474
00:45:47,412 --> 00:45:50,665
to find out
whether we still have a future.
475
00:45:50,790 --> 00:45:56,087
If we cannot have
a legally binding agreement
476
00:45:56,212 --> 00:45:59,883
not to push global temperatures
477
00:46:00,008 --> 00:46:02,802
above 1.5 degrees,
478
00:46:02,927 --> 00:46:04,888
my country will be gone,
479
00:46:05,013 --> 00:46:07,974
as will all the world's coral reefs
480
00:46:08,099 --> 00:46:11,102
and most of the rainforests.
481
00:46:11,227 --> 00:46:16,357
Is all this devastation
really worth it,
482
00:46:16,483 --> 00:46:21,654
so that we can continue
to burn coal and fossil fuel
483
00:46:21,780 --> 00:46:23,531
for a few more years?
484
00:46:25,074 --> 00:46:29,829
I have spent a lifetime
485
00:46:29,954 --> 00:46:31,873
fighting for my country,
486
00:46:31,998 --> 00:46:34,209
and with more determination than ever,
487
00:46:34,334 --> 00:46:39,881
because I know my time on Earth
might be cut short.
488
00:46:41,132 --> 00:46:44,177
Mohamed Nasheed's passion
for the natural world
489
00:46:44,302 --> 00:46:48,431
began the first time
he saw a coral reef.
490
00:47:01,486 --> 00:47:04,322
My earliest memory
491
00:47:04,447 --> 00:47:07,408
is with the ocean and the reef.
492
00:47:09,327 --> 00:47:14,374
We were the first generation
to actually see the reef.
493
00:47:15,542 --> 00:47:18,211
Masks and goggles came to the Maldives
494
00:47:18,336 --> 00:47:21,005
in the late '60s, early '70s.
495
00:47:23,258 --> 00:47:29,138
Once we started seeing the reef
as a living creature...
496
00:47:30,557 --> 00:47:33,893
...we were just dumbfounded.
497
00:47:37,105 --> 00:47:39,858
But Nasheed's beloved coral
498
00:47:39,983 --> 00:47:43,444
is now the habitat
that is most threatened
499
00:47:43,570 --> 00:47:45,113
by climate change.
500
00:47:49,742 --> 00:47:55,665
The critical tipping point is
a 1.5 degree temperature rise.
501
00:47:56,916 --> 00:47:59,919
Beyond that, most reefs will die,
502
00:48:00,044 --> 00:48:02,505
leaving nothing but rubble.
503
00:48:06,134 --> 00:48:08,553
When you think of a bigger picture,
504
00:48:08,678 --> 00:48:13,808
then your own life
is not so important.
505
00:48:15,768 --> 00:48:19,022
It's what you want to get done
which is important.
506
00:48:22,817 --> 00:48:26,154
Nasheed's aim
is to persuade politicians
507
00:48:26,279 --> 00:48:29,407
to cut the use of coal
and other fossil fuels.
508
00:48:31,075 --> 00:48:35,288
He repeats this plea
at every climate conference.
509
00:48:35,413 --> 00:48:37,957
You need to be able
to convince people,
510
00:48:38,082 --> 00:48:40,543
try to educate people.
511
00:48:40,668 --> 00:48:42,170
We are in trouble.
512
00:48:42,295 --> 00:48:43,546
We will not survive
513
00:48:43,671 --> 00:48:46,841
if the planet is heated
above 1.5 degrees.
514
00:48:46,966 --> 00:48:48,509
We must act now.
515
00:48:48,635 --> 00:48:52,347
At first, journalists are reporting on
516
00:48:52,472 --> 00:48:56,100
some eye-catching promises
made by heads of state.
517
00:48:56,225 --> 00:48:58,561
18 countries have committed themselves
518
00:48:58,686 --> 00:49:00,855
to a plan to stop using
coal-fired power plants.
519
00:49:00,980 --> 00:49:02,899
It is an election issue now.
520
00:49:03,024 --> 00:49:07,278
That is why world leaders
have joined the rhetoric.
521
00:49:07,403 --> 00:49:13,409
The next stage - turning
promises into solid plans.
522
00:49:13,534 --> 00:49:16,913
And Nasheed is busy working
behind the scenes.
523
00:49:17,038 --> 00:49:18,039
If they don't agree,
524
00:49:18,164 --> 00:49:20,083
we will ring their ministers,
their presidents
525
00:49:20,208 --> 00:49:21,501
and get them online.
526
00:49:21,626 --> 00:49:24,045
I think that's what we're
trying to do.
527
00:49:24,170 --> 00:49:25,463
So let's do this.
528
00:49:27,799 --> 00:49:28,967
How are you, Prime Minister?
529
00:49:29,092 --> 00:49:30,885
Yeah, OK. I can hear you,
but I can hear
530
00:49:31,010 --> 00:49:32,345
the Prime Minister much clearer.
531
00:49:32,470 --> 00:49:36,683
All countries need
to agree to the final text,
532
00:49:36,808 --> 00:49:38,643
and some won't.
533
00:49:38,768 --> 00:49:42,146
People who want to continue
fossil fuel
534
00:49:42,271 --> 00:49:44,774
I think are the bad guys,
535
00:49:44,899 --> 00:49:48,695
and people who want to change
I feel are the good guys.
536
00:49:50,530 --> 00:49:52,407
Thank you.
Thank you so much.
537
00:49:53,658 --> 00:49:57,870
After 14 days, this COP closes...
538
00:49:57,996 --> 00:50:00,289
...with some progress,
539
00:50:00,415 --> 00:50:03,835
but also with big compromises.
540
00:50:03,960 --> 00:50:06,379
An agreement was
finally reached this evening
541
00:50:06,504 --> 00:50:08,923
after a key section
on the future use of coal
542
00:50:09,048 --> 00:50:11,009
was at the last moment watered down.
543
00:50:12,969 --> 00:50:15,930
Without urgent new commitments,
544
00:50:16,055 --> 00:50:20,351
the target of 1.5 degrees
will be missed.
545
00:50:20,476 --> 00:50:22,353
It is disastrous.
546
00:50:22,478 --> 00:50:23,479
It will...
547
00:50:23,604 --> 00:50:25,606
If you picture this,
if you can fathom it...
548
00:50:29,402 --> 00:50:32,905
...the coral will bleach
549
00:50:33,031 --> 00:50:35,158
and they will die,
550
00:50:35,283 --> 00:50:37,410
and when they are dead,
551
00:50:37,535 --> 00:50:42,957
the fish and the marine life
that lives there...
552
00:50:43,082 --> 00:50:45,001
...uh, cease to exist.
553
00:50:56,637 --> 00:50:57,930
You would have thought
554
00:50:58,056 --> 00:51:01,726
that your normal prime minister
and president...
555
00:51:03,227 --> 00:51:07,398
...would have a better grip
on understanding things
556
00:51:07,523 --> 00:51:10,526
and not just go on and on and on
557
00:51:10,651 --> 00:51:13,780
about protecting their way of life.
558
00:51:16,574 --> 00:51:21,204
So it's frustrating
to see politicians...
559
00:51:22,789 --> 00:51:24,999
...who doesn't seem
to understand it.
560
00:51:29,337 --> 00:51:31,380
With current policies,
561
00:51:31,506 --> 00:51:35,551
99% of coral reefs could be gone...
562
00:51:37,303 --> 00:51:39,514
...in under 30 years.
563
00:51:41,307 --> 00:51:43,351
Other habitats will follow.
564
00:51:48,606 --> 00:51:49,982
You can't lose hope.
565
00:51:51,567 --> 00:51:53,069
You cannot give up.
566
00:51:55,404 --> 00:51:56,656
I will not stop.
567
00:51:58,783 --> 00:52:02,078
Nasheed believes there is a solution.
568
00:52:06,124 --> 00:52:10,628
The more environment
becomes an election issue,
569
00:52:10,753 --> 00:52:13,631
there will be more action on climate.
570
00:52:15,925 --> 00:52:20,304
Every time you vote in every election,
571
00:52:20,429 --> 00:52:22,557
please tick the planet.
572
00:52:35,862 --> 00:52:39,824
The challenge of saving species
can't be left
573
00:52:39,949 --> 00:52:44,328
to a few heroic individuals
working against the odds.
574
00:52:45,538 --> 00:52:47,874
It's those in positions of great power
575
00:52:47,999 --> 00:52:50,626
who can make the most difference.
576
00:52:50,751 --> 00:52:52,128
So, ultimately,
577
00:52:52,253 --> 00:52:56,382
it is they who must take
the most responsibility.
578
00:52:56,507 --> 00:53:02,430
Perhaps one of our roles
is to hold them to account.
579
00:53:02,555 --> 00:53:05,892
Time is running out for many species,
580
00:53:06,017 --> 00:53:07,685
but I truly believe
581
00:53:07,810 --> 00:53:10,730
that if the right decisions
are made now,
582
00:53:10,855 --> 00:53:12,607
at this critical moment,
583
00:53:12,732 --> 00:53:16,652
there could still be
a bright future for all life
584
00:53:16,777 --> 00:53:19,614
on our wonderful Planet Earth.
45328
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