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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:52,250 "The director was 2 00:00:52,970 --> 00:00:54,450 interested in 3 00:00:54,880 --> 00:00:58,570 the ability to go to an existing, as he put it, 4 00:00:58,650 --> 00:01:03,510 off the shelf, self-sustaining, stand-alone entity 5 00:01:03,740 --> 00:01:07,850 that could perform certain activities on behalf of the US. 6 00:01:08,050 --> 00:01:09,710 "Are you not shocked 7 00:01:09,970 --> 00:01:12,850 that the Director of Central Intelligence 8 00:01:13,050 --> 00:01:18,510 is proposing to you the creation of an organization 9 00:01:18,510 --> 00:01:23,200 to do these kinds of things outside of his own organization?" 10 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,400 "Council, I can tell you, I am not shocked." 11 00:01:29,140 --> 00:01:31,770 They called it "Iran Contra." 12 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:38,680 For many Americans, it provided their first peak behind the curtain of the National Security state. 13 00:01:39,940 --> 00:01:43,000 Others were old enough to remember similar scandals. 14 00:01:43,140 --> 00:01:49,480 "I believe Congress set up the FBI to determine what was going on in this country, didn't it?" 15 00:01:49,940 --> 00:01:51,740 "Among other things, Mr. Chairman." 16 00:01:51,820 --> 00:01:54,570 "It set up the CIA to determine what was going on 17 00:01:54,570 --> 00:01:56,740 in respect to foreign intelligence, didn't it?" 18 00:01:57,480 --> 00:02:01,850 "Yes, sir, and a number of others." "But it didn't set up the Plumbers, did it?" 19 00:02:02,170 --> 00:02:05,220 "Of course, the Congress doesn't do everything, Mr. Chairman." 20 00:02:05,220 --> 00:02:08,250 "No, but the Congress is all in one that's got legislative power 21 00:02:08,340 --> 00:02:12,600 and I don't know anything, any law that gave the president the power to set himself up, 22 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:15,940 what some people have called a secret police, name of the Plumbers." 23 00:02:16,370 --> 00:02:22,310 Perhaps the most important investigation into America's burgeoning secret government was the Church Committee. 24 00:02:23,050 --> 00:02:25,910 In 1975 and 1976 25 00:02:26,200 --> 00:02:29,850 it published 14 reports on US intelligence agencies. 26 00:02:30,140 --> 00:02:35,110 "You were specifically asked about shellfish toxins and shellfish poisons. 27 00:02:35,910 --> 00:02:38,250 You say it's inconceivable 28 00:02:38,600 --> 00:02:41,480 the secret intelligence arm of the government 29 00:02:41,770 --> 00:02:46,510 has to comply with all the overt orders of the government. 30 00:02:46,940 --> 00:02:50,340 Is that an accurate quote, or not an accurate quote?" 31 00:02:50,540 --> 00:02:53,080 "Well, if it's accurate, it shouldn't have been said." 32 00:02:54,080 --> 00:02:56,450 "Well, now, I... (laughter) 33 00:02:57,710 --> 00:03:02,170 looks like we're on plausible denial again, is all I can say here, Mr. Chairman." 34 00:03:02,570 --> 00:03:04,620 "Quite a lot of detailed information 35 00:03:05,570 --> 00:03:07,250 and we will 36 00:03:08,420 --> 00:03:12,020 evaluate it and we will include any 37 00:03:14,710 --> 00:03:16,620 evidence of wrongdoing 38 00:03:16,970 --> 00:03:19,140 or any evidence of impropriety 39 00:03:19,910 --> 00:03:23,570 in our final report and make recommendations." 40 00:03:24,140 --> 00:03:27,600 Whatever the intentions of the committee, very little changed. 41 00:03:28,770 --> 00:03:33,340 By the mid 1980s, it became apparent that the intelligence bureaucracy 42 00:03:33,570 --> 00:03:35,850 had not been reigned in by the Church Committee. 43 00:03:37,570 --> 00:03:41,540 Rather, like a black flower in the dark, it had blossomed. 44 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:57,680 "They did all this in the dark because it would never stand the light of day. 45 00:03:58,050 --> 00:04:00,540 Secrecy is the freedom zealots dream of, 46 00:04:00,540 --> 00:04:03,740 no watchmen to check the door, no accountant to check the books, 47 00:04:03,940 --> 00:04:05,740 no judge to check the law. 48 00:04:06,250 --> 00:04:08,880 The secret government has no constitution. 49 00:04:09,050 --> 00:04:11,340 The rules it follows are the rules it makes up. 50 00:04:11,910 --> 00:04:16,220 So William Kacey could dream that the enterprise might take on a life of its own, 51 00:04:16,370 --> 00:04:18,450 permanent and wholly unaccountable." 52 00:04:19,540 --> 00:04:23,510 The Iran Contra scandal revolved around the illegal sale of arms to Iran 53 00:04:23,970 --> 00:04:27,140 and the equally illegal funding of the Nicaragua Contras. 54 00:04:28,340 --> 00:04:33,770 Under the Boland Amendment, funding of the Contras had been prohibited by Congress. 55 00:04:33,850 --> 00:04:41,880 "Am I correct, Mr. Secord, that from December, 1984 until July, 1985 56 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:47,400 you were engaged in selling arms to the Contras for profit?" 57 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:50,400 "That's correct." 58 00:04:50,940 --> 00:04:53,110 Prior to the rise of the Sandinistas, 59 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:57,850 members of the same family had ruled Nicaragua for over 40 years. 60 00:04:58,340 --> 00:05:02,770 The Somoza clan had monopolized almost every industry in the country, 61 00:05:02,880 --> 00:05:04,940 stealing millions from their own people. 62 00:05:05,570 --> 00:05:08,050 When Anastasio Somoza the 2nd, 63 00:05:08,170 --> 00:05:10,850 was finally overthrown and fled to Miami, 64 00:05:11,280 --> 00:05:14,510 a US intelligence report placed his net worth 65 00:05:14,510 --> 00:05:16,620 at nearly 100 million dollars. 66 00:05:17,370 --> 00:05:20,880 Anastasio had been a particularly sadistic ruler. 67 00:05:21,310 --> 00:05:23,710 One of his favorite methods of execution 68 00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:27,620 was to throw dissidents from helicopters into the Masaya volcano. 69 00:05:29,450 --> 00:05:32,540 In 1979, the people revolted. 70 00:05:54,340 --> 00:05:57,510 The Sandinistas undertook radical reforms. 71 00:05:57,770 --> 00:06:00,940 They established the first public education system for children, 72 00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:03,940 building thousands of schools and playgrounds. 73 00:06:04,540 --> 00:06:08,250 They cut illiteracy to less than 10% of the population. 74 00:06:11,020 --> 00:06:13,220 They cut infant mortality by a third. 75 00:06:14,140 --> 00:06:16,620 They established the national health service. 76 00:06:17,910 --> 00:06:19,800 They abolished the death penalty. 77 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:24,200 They allowed the development of independent cooperatives, 78 00:06:24,450 --> 00:06:27,880 increasing food production by over 100% 79 00:06:28,420 --> 00:06:32,650 and they enjoyed the support of the vast majority of Nicaragua's people. 80 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:39,340 This revolution was not made by a proletariat part. 81 00:06:39,650 --> 00:06:45,340 It was produced by a popular insurrection. Everybody took part in the 82 00:06:45,740 --> 00:06:47,710 destruction of the dictatorship. 83 00:06:48,200 --> 00:06:51,800 This is not a political party, is a front who made the revolution, 84 00:06:51,940 --> 00:06:55,220 and you have in this front different parties: the socialist party, 85 00:06:55,220 --> 00:06:58,880 the christian-democratic party, the liberals, the conservatives, 86 00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:01,250 all of them took part in this insurrection. 87 00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:05,680 The Christians, [at] the same time with Marxists, took part in this insurrection. 88 00:07:06,050 --> 00:07:11,220 The Church - many priests and nuns supported the insurrection, even fought in the insurrection. 89 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:17,020 After a study of 76 developing countries, Oxfam stated that Nicaragua 90 00:07:17,370 --> 00:07:20,540 was exceptional in the strength of that government's commitment 91 00:07:20,770 --> 00:07:22,740 to improving the condition of the people 92 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:27,570 and encouraging their act of participation in the development process. 93 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:31,020 But it was not to last. 94 00:07:32,420 --> 00:07:35,620 Fearing that the Sandinista model may spread to other countries, 95 00:07:35,970 --> 00:07:42,250 former Treasury secretary George Shultz called the Sandinistas: 96 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:55,540 Trained in neighboring Honduras, as well as back home in Florida, the Contras would unleash a reign of terror on the people of Nicaragua. 97 00:07:57,540 --> 00:08:00,420 They focused heavily on economic targets. 98 00:08:00,740 --> 00:08:03,940 Missions included the blowing up of oil pipelines, 99 00:08:04,820 --> 00:08:07,310 the illegal mining of Nicaraguan ports, 100 00:08:08,110 --> 00:08:12,200 the burning and bombing of green silos, farmhouses and machinery 101 00:08:12,970 --> 00:08:15,370 and numerous other wanton attacks. 102 00:08:19,800 --> 00:08:24,450 It is possible that the Nicaraguan people may have been able to withstand these assaults, 103 00:08:24,880 --> 00:08:27,820 but the brutality of the Contras took its toll. 104 00:08:31,540 --> 00:08:35,940 "So I guess, in a way, they are counter-revolutionary and God bless them for being that way. 105 00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:38,420 And I guess that makes them Contras, and 106 00:08:38,680 --> 00:08:40,370 so it makes me a Contra too. 107 00:08:40,510 --> 00:08:42,570 As long as there is breath in this body, 108 00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:45,970 I will speak and work, strive and struggle 109 00:08:45,970 --> 00:08:49,340 for the cause of the Nicaraguan freedom fighters. 110 00:08:51,340 --> 00:08:53,680 A later congressional intelligence committee 111 00:08:53,770 --> 00:08:57,510 revealed that the Contras had raped, tortured and killed 112 00:08:57,620 --> 00:09:00,510 unarmed civilians, including children, 113 00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:04,420 and that groups of civilians, including women and children 114 00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:08,970 were burned, dismembered, blinded and beheaded. 115 00:09:11,140 --> 00:09:16,450 There was an election here in Nicaragua in 1984, I think most people have probably forgotten that 116 00:09:16,800 --> 00:09:19,770 because there was some brilliant piece of agenda 117 00:09:19,770 --> 00:09:22,710 setting up in Washington, whereby they suddenly 118 00:09:22,800 --> 00:09:25,080 decided that the Sandinistas 119 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:27,080 were getting MiGs into the country, 120 00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:30,880 and although the entire press corps down here knew that this wasn't true, 121 00:09:31,340 --> 00:09:34,140 but because it had been announced in Washington we were all obliged 122 00:09:34,140 --> 00:09:38,310 by our foreign editors and our news desks to go running up to the port 123 00:09:38,310 --> 00:09:42,540 and investigate the arrival of these mythical and non-existent MiGs, 124 00:09:42,540 --> 00:09:45,820 and the whole election coverage was abandoned. 125 00:09:46,110 --> 00:09:48,650 So everybody had covered the entire campaign, 126 00:09:49,650 --> 00:09:53,110 but everybody ceased to cover the election itself 127 00:09:53,400 --> 00:09:56,510 because Washington very cleverly changed the issue 128 00:09:56,510 --> 00:09:59,220 from the issue of democracy in Nicaragua 129 00:09:59,340 --> 00:10:03,310 to the issue of national security." 130 00:10:03,540 --> 00:10:06,110 "The US has circumstantial evidence 131 00:10:06,250 --> 00:10:10,110 suggesting that as many as a dozen Soviet MiG 21 jets 132 00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:13,770 may have arrived today at the Nicaraguan port of Corinto." 133 00:10:14,940 --> 00:10:17,880 If the most immediate goal of the Reagan administration 134 00:10:17,880 --> 00:10:20,110 was to topple the government of Nicaragua, 135 00:10:20,480 --> 00:10:24,570 the details of their destabilization campaign were equally alarming. 136 00:10:27,940 --> 00:10:32,880 Testimony would reveal a network of criminal enterprises involving drug traffickers, 137 00:10:33,110 --> 00:10:37,110 money launderers, organized crime figures and death squads, 138 00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:40,770 all working in concert with America's secret government. 139 00:10:42,420 --> 00:10:46,450 Independent journalist Danny Casolaro, who allegedly commited suicide 140 00:10:46,450 --> 00:10:50,310 during an investigation into Iran-Contra and related scandals 141 00:10:50,740 --> 00:10:54,050 described this network as "The Octopus". 142 00:10:57,310 --> 00:11:00,800 Authorities are investigating the mysterious death of a journalist 143 00:11:00,850 --> 00:11:04,340 and possible connections to the BCCI bank scandal 144 00:11:04,340 --> 00:11:06,970 and the weapons for Iran case. 145 00:11:07,140 --> 00:11:09,910 Wyatt Andrews tells us that puzzling tale: 146 00:11:11,510 --> 00:11:17,620 Freelance journalist Danny Casolaro told friends he was onto the political conspiracy of the century. 147 00:11:17,740 --> 00:11:21,820 He was meeting a source in West Virginia. He was about to discover all. 148 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:26,540 Instead, his body was discovered in a hotel room with 12 slashes in his wrist, 149 00:11:26,650 --> 00:11:30,740 but when the local authorities ruled it suicide, the family said: 'No way!' 150 00:11:30,850 --> 00:11:33,710 The housekeeper had taken calls threatening his life. 151 00:11:34,020 --> 00:11:37,080 "I picked up [the] telephone. I said hello, 152 00:11:37,220 --> 00:11:38,910 and he say to me: 153 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:41,020 'You son of a bitch, you is dead.' " 154 00:11:41,110 --> 00:11:45,080 Despite that sounding straight from the movies, the medical examiner today 155 00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:49,250 held to the suicide finding saying Casolaro, apparently, was alone. 156 00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:54,880 "There were no other contusions, lacerations or other trauma to the body that would indicate a struggle." 157 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:57,450 "In my heart I remember Danny telling us: 158 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:00,600 'If I'm in an accident, don't believe it.' " 159 00:12:00,740 --> 00:12:04,340 Casolaro was probing a conspiracy he called The Octopus 160 00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:07,970 which involved the Iranian hostage crisis, the Iran-Contra affair, 161 00:12:08,110 --> 00:12:11,650 with, believe it or not, all funds channeled through BCCI, 162 00:12:11,710 --> 00:12:15,620 the international bank charged with everything, from money laundering to fraud. 163 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:21,280 The common thread within Octopus is the infamous Inslaw affair, 164 00:12:21,510 --> 00:12:24,420 when a court ruled the Reagan Justice Department stole 165 00:12:24,420 --> 00:12:28,170 valuable law-enforcement software from the Inslaw Corporation. 166 00:12:28,570 --> 00:12:32,850 Casolaro's theory is that right-wing zealots sold the software for profit. 167 00:12:32,970 --> 00:12:37,910 The money went to Iranian officials who supposedly delayed the release of the American hostages 168 00:12:37,910 --> 00:12:41,250 back in 1981, the so called 'October surprise', 169 00:12:41,510 --> 00:12:44,310 and later went to the back-channel funding of the Contras. 170 00:12:44,770 --> 00:12:46,770 "What about all the papers he had with him, 171 00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:49,850 the investigation he was doing? And the sergeant was clearly... 172 00:12:49,850 --> 00:12:51,940 really didn't have any idea about this, 173 00:12:52,420 --> 00:12:55,510 and at that point told me they found no papers in his room." 174 00:12:56,910 --> 00:12:59,540 The papers Casolaro had with him in Martinsburg 175 00:12:59,540 --> 00:13:01,800 included hundreds of notes and documents 176 00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:03,800 from more than a year of investigation. 177 00:13:04,220 --> 00:13:06,140 Not one has ever been found. 178 00:13:07,680 --> 00:13:13,570 "From the moment we heard about his reported suicide, we doubted it, questioned it, wondered about it. 179 00:13:13,910 --> 00:13:17,510 It was not his nature to kill himself, so we were suspicious from the first, 180 00:13:17,510 --> 00:13:20,450 and the deeper we dug into it, the more suspicious we became. 181 00:13:21,220 --> 00:13:26,970 Suspicious circumstances surrounding the investigation of his alleged suicide." 182 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:34,800 Danny Casolaro's fear of blood tests, another minor medical procedure, was well known to his family. 183 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:38,420 They found it incomprehensible that he committed suicide 184 00:13:38,540 --> 00:13:41,340 by slashing his wrists a dozen times. 185 00:13:42,680 --> 00:13:47,000 Just days before his death, Danny Casolaro enthusiastically told friends 186 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:50,480 he was close to breaking the story that had consumed him the past year. 187 00:13:51,080 --> 00:13:54,310 It has started as an inquiry into computer software theft, 188 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:58,140 but soon mushroomed into a broad investigation of government corruption, 189 00:13:58,280 --> 00:14:02,540 that Casolaro believed implicated US Justice Department officials." 190 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:29,080 The deep state is much easier to define in a country like Turkey, 191 00:14:29,250 --> 00:14:32,220 where in addition to the regular government, 192 00:14:32,450 --> 00:14:37,140 there is a concealed apparatus which unites 193 00:14:37,170 --> 00:14:39,770 the intelligence networks with 194 00:14:39,940 --> 00:14:45,250 drug mafias and other people capable of carrying out killings. 195 00:14:45,480 --> 00:14:48,140 In America it's more complicated, 196 00:14:48,220 --> 00:14:53,880 I would say that America use of term deep state to refer to 197 00:14:54,020 --> 00:14:57,220 that whole complex of ways in which 198 00:14:57,400 --> 00:15:03,600 power is exerted off-camera by people who are not elected, who are not part of the 199 00:15:03,940 --> 00:15:08,770 Constitution or the bureaucracy, but have real power 200 00:15:08,770 --> 00:15:12,620 and assert themselves from time to time in American politics. 201 00:15:13,220 --> 00:15:20,480 This is, or was, the section where Phoenix City's principal industry flourished and gave employment to a part of the town's citizens. 202 00:15:20,940 --> 00:15:24,170 Some worked in factories like this one, making the industry's tools. 203 00:15:24,250 --> 00:15:28,540 Dice, shaved by skilled hands or loaded with mercury. 204 00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:36,020 Slot machines rigged to pay off one cent on a dollar, if at all. 205 00:15:36,620 --> 00:15:39,420 Whiskey that looked like bonded stuff, but wasn't. 206 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:45,910 Cards marked with tiny pin-breaks or trims so the dealers could recognize the aces and face cards. 207 00:15:46,540 --> 00:15:51,340 Tools of an industry that flourished for half a century, because the good men looked the other way. 208 00:15:51,540 --> 00:15:54,080 An industry run by men I went to school with, 209 00:15:54,450 --> 00:15:55,570 their fathers ran it, 210 00:15:56,020 --> 00:15:57,910 and their fathers' fathers before them. 211 00:15:58,510 --> 00:16:02,820 An industry that made Pheonix City the most vicious town in the US. 212 00:16:03,220 --> 00:16:06,050 That industry was VICE. 213 00:16:14,250 --> 00:16:18,420 The old Italian mafiosi that came here, 214 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:21,370 were part of what they considered a societa honorata, 215 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:24,570 and they didn't believe in prostitution or drugs, 216 00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:27,220 you know, they didn't mind breaking your leg over a loan, 217 00:16:27,220 --> 00:16:29,220 or loan sharking or gambling, 218 00:16:29,370 --> 00:16:33,420 but they had certain crimes they wouldn't participate in, they thought were beyond the pale. 219 00:16:34,740 --> 00:16:36,800 There was a night in the 30s, 220 00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:40,570 that was called The night of the Italian vespers, and about 221 00:16:41,310 --> 00:16:42,710 30 top, 222 00:16:43,310 --> 00:16:46,340 old mafia dons were murdered the same night. 223 00:16:46,620 --> 00:16:51,940 The FBI knew that something was coming because โ€žLuckyโ€œ Luciano bought a thousand dollars worth of flowers the day before. 224 00:16:53,370 --> 00:16:57,850 They killed all these old mafia and then they created a new, more cross-ethnic 225 00:16:58,140 --> 00:17:03,250 mafia that rose under Luciano and Meyer Lansky 226 00:17:03,540 --> 00:17:07,420 and included the Jewish mob and had 227 00:17:07,540 --> 00:17:09,940 other connections to international money. 228 00:17:09,940 --> 00:17:13,970 The old mob was useful to that point 229 00:17:14,110 --> 00:17:15,970 and more aligned with the FBI, 230 00:17:16,200 --> 00:17:19,510 and Hoover said that there was no such thing as organized crime, 231 00:17:20,880 --> 00:17:22,680 and so never pursued the mob. 232 00:17:22,770 --> 00:17:25,770 He liked to gamble on horses and he and Clyde Tolson would go to 233 00:17:25,910 --> 00:17:29,710 Del Mar, the mob-owned race tracks, and they'd put him up 234 00:17:29,820 --> 00:17:33,570 and give him free gambling money, in the same way that Nixon was taken by the Florida mob 235 00:17:33,570 --> 00:17:37,970 down to gamble in Cuba before the rise of Castro. 236 00:17:38,110 --> 00:17:42,510 "Derby day in old Kentucky, and Churchill Downs is a mecca for 60,000 race fans. 237 00:17:42,820 --> 00:17:46,940 And here's head G-man J. Edgar Hoover with a last-minute tip for dam (?)." 238 00:17:47,080 --> 00:17:50,170 And they befriend people, and surround people in political circles, 239 00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:54,570 help them get into office so that they could have some political influence, 240 00:17:54,570 --> 00:17:58,420 but during WWII, the Office of Naval Intelligence 241 00:17:58,940 --> 00:18:00,880 made deals with Lucky Luciano 242 00:18:01,110 --> 00:18:05,570 to supposedly protect the docks of New York from German saboteurs, 243 00:18:05,770 --> 00:18:08,800 since the mob was in control of the labor in the docks. 244 00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:12,280 The mafia then also 245 00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:15,680 was assisted by Patton, general Patton 246 00:18:15,820 --> 00:18:19,170 who came in to Italy and got the foothold in Italy 247 00:18:19,370 --> 00:18:22,510 by coming up into the mountains instead of going down into the cities. 248 00:18:22,650 --> 00:18:23,850 "I want you to remember 249 00:18:26,020 --> 00:18:29,370 that no bastard ever won a war 250 00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:32,770 by dying for his country. 251 00:18:33,080 --> 00:18:33,970 You won it 252 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:39,800 by making the other poor, dumb bastard die for his country." 253 00:18:41,540 --> 00:18:44,170 "This is Patton: a salute to a rebel, 254 00:18:44,510 --> 00:18:49,000 a man whom the New York Times described in an editorial two days after his death 255 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:52,250 as a legend, spectacular, swaggerant, 256 00:18:52,420 --> 00:18:56,400 pistol-packing, deeply religious and violently profane. 257 00:18:56,680 --> 00:19:00,200 A strange combination of fire and ice." 258 00:19:02,050 --> 00:19:05,080 Mussolini had regarded the mafia as a rival. 259 00:19:05,510 --> 00:19:09,600 He had broken up crime syndicates and imprisoned or executed mob bosses. 260 00:19:11,450 --> 00:19:15,400 Leaders in the US and Britain took a more nuanced approach. 261 00:19:16,250 --> 00:19:19,800 Cities were controlled by Mussolini who had chased the old mob 262 00:19:20,110 --> 00:19:22,970 and the mafia up into the hills. So, 263 00:19:23,050 --> 00:19:25,200 Patton attacked through the mountain (?) 264 00:19:25,450 --> 00:19:27,940 and he brought with him a scarf 265 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:30,740 with double L on it from Lucky Luciano 266 00:19:30,910 --> 00:19:35,680 as a symbol to Don Calogero Vizzini, who was the head of the Italian mobs 267 00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:38,310 and the don of the dons at the time, 268 00:19:38,310 --> 00:19:42,140 for his credentials, and then Vizzini rode in the tank with him into these 269 00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:45,910 cheering cities of mafia-controlled elements in Italy 270 00:19:45,910 --> 00:19:48,880 who wanted revenge against Mussolini. 271 00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:52,370 300 miles they penetrated without hardly any opposition, 272 00:19:52,370 --> 00:19:56,880 and Keefauver, who later studied organized crime here in the US 273 00:19:56,880 --> 00:19:59,000 and had hearings about it, had a special hearing 274 00:19:59,080 --> 00:20:03,540 to try to figure out what Patton had done and unearthed some of this information 275 00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:05,400 at the time. 276 00:20:05,510 --> 00:20:10,110 After that, Patton's 3rd army was called โ€žLucky Forwardโ€œ after Lucky Luciano. 277 00:20:11,650 --> 00:20:14,740 Under the guise of being the victims of fascism, 278 00:20:14,740 --> 00:20:18,110 mafia hit-men are released from Italian prisons. 279 00:20:19,940 --> 00:20:24,000 Mafia chiefs replaced fascist mayors in Sicilian towns. 280 00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:30,650 All of this, thanks to Lucky Luciano and his negotiations with the US government, 281 00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:33,420 but the deal has a price tag. 282 00:20:35,050 --> 00:20:38,770 By using the mafia in war time, the US government 283 00:20:38,770 --> 00:20:42,570 helped re-establish the syndicate as a major criminal force, 284 00:20:43,020 --> 00:20:47,170 a force that will plague America for decades to come. 285 00:20:51,110 --> 00:20:53,820 Yet the relationship between the intelligence agencies 286 00:20:53,820 --> 00:20:56,620 and organized crime would not stop there. 287 00:20:57,910 --> 00:20:59,740 On both sides of the Atlantic, 288 00:20:59,940 --> 00:21:04,400 the Mob proved to be a valuable tool in attacking and corrupting labor unions. 289 00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:30,570 Corsica and Marseille*, these two islands in Italy, [see appendix] 290 00:21:30,570 --> 00:21:32,510 they had connections with the Mob. 291 00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:35,310 There was a chance after WWII because, 292 00:21:35,310 --> 00:21:37,650 if you studied the actual resistance to Hitler 293 00:21:37,820 --> 00:21:40,600 and the underground resistance in WWII 294 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:42,140 in both those countries, 295 00:21:42,170 --> 00:21:45,310 it was led primarily by the communists and the left. 296 00:21:45,740 --> 00:21:48,850 So, they were the ones that drove Hitler out but the US 297 00:21:49,050 --> 00:21:52,770 in the new Cold War mentality that the Nazis helped give them, 298 00:21:52,850 --> 00:21:55,450 didn't want them to rise to power politically 299 00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:58,140 in those countries, or want communism to spread. So, 300 00:21:58,450 --> 00:22:00,770 they then enlisted the mob 301 00:22:01,050 --> 00:22:03,970 โ€“ Naval Intelligence again, and then early OSS, 302 00:22:04,220 --> 00:22:06,910 Brown, Lovestone, labor organizers - 303 00:22:06,910 --> 00:22:09,020 enlisted the mob to break the backs 304 00:22:09,340 --> 00:22:14,080 of the unions in Marseille. 305 00:22:28,570 --> 00:22:31,050 The reason they broke the back of unions in Marseille 306 00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:34,620 was that they were actively opposing the French war in Indochina. 307 00:22:34,740 --> 00:22:38,250 "It might be rarely repeated here - there is no two Vietnams. 308 00:22:38,370 --> 00:22:40,110 There is only one Vietnam 309 00:22:40,110 --> 00:22:43,080 temporarily divided in Geneva in '54 310 00:22:43,080 --> 00:22:45,480 between a free zone with the North Vietnam 311 00:22:45,620 --> 00:22:47,110 and an occupied zone, 312 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:51,740 occupied by the French, but now the French had still, after Geneva, 313 00:22:51,970 --> 00:22:54,170 the jurisdiction over south Vietnam 314 00:22:54,170 --> 00:22:56,970 because they could not hand it over to a regime that did not exist - 315 00:22:56,970 --> 00:22:59,570 it is not even mentioned in the Geneva agreement. 316 00:22:59,910 --> 00:23:02,770 The regime of Saigon is only a temporary one 317 00:23:03,420 --> 00:23:05,820 in waiting for election." 318 00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:11,170 "You ought to have sat with me on the Foreign Relations Committee in 1956, 319 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:15,800 when our intelligence forces brought in their reports, warning 320 00:23:15,910 --> 00:23:20,820 that if the election called for by the Geneva Accords for July, 1956 321 00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:24,250 were held, Ho Chi Minh would be elected president 322 00:23:24,250 --> 00:23:27,600 in South Vietnam by at least 80% of the vote. 323 00:23:28,020 --> 00:23:32,480 And our country that boasts about believing in self-determination 324 00:23:32,770 --> 00:23:36,450 used its power and its prestige and its influence, 325 00:23:36,770 --> 00:23:40,770 really to get our first puppet government under Diem 326 00:23:40,910 --> 00:23:45,400 not to cooperate in holding those elections โ€“ that's just a matter of historic record." 327 00:23:45,420 --> 00:23:48,400 At the time, they were trying to stop 328 00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:52,080 the war opposition of the Unions and so, by breaking their back, 329 00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:56,000 they opened up Marseille to, and the docks there, to Mob control. 330 00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:57,880 They already had it in Corsica 331 00:23:57,880 --> 00:23:59,600 and so, then, that became the route 332 00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:02,940 for the heroin and the heroin profits to come down. 333 00:24:03,140 --> 00:24:05,970 That connection, or what was called The French Connection out of Marseille, 334 00:24:06,220 --> 00:24:08,770 dominated a new money 335 00:24:08,940 --> 00:24:13,540 in the organized crime sector and also included prostitution, drugs and other 336 00:24:13,710 --> 00:24:16,570 criminal activity that the old mob wouldn't participate in. 337 00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:11,200 "I'm not on." 338 00:25:11,940 --> 00:25:13,110 "What do you mean, you're not on?" 339 00:25:13,310 --> 00:25:15,820 "Just what I said. I'm not on, I don't take money." 340 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,910 "Some gag. Here." - "No, I told you straight. 341 00:25:20,370 --> 00:25:22,820 I don't take money and that's the truth." 342 00:25:28,740 --> 00:25:31,310 This was Sicily in the mid 1980s. 343 00:25:32,020 --> 00:25:35,340 A gang war had broken out between competing mob bosses. 344 00:25:36,050 --> 00:25:39,170 In itself, this was not an unusual occurrence, 345 00:25:39,650 --> 00:25:42,110 but the body count was alarmingly high. 346 00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:45,620 Five corpses were being found every single day. 347 00:25:46,420 --> 00:25:48,020 Other patterns were emerging. 348 00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:52,400 Were once the bosses had sought, though frequently failed, 349 00:25:52,540 --> 00:25:54,420 to abide by a code of honor, 350 00:25:54,710 --> 00:25:58,620 the new gang wars involved the slaughter of women and children. 351 00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:05,140 The escalation in violence corresponded with an escalation in drug traffic. 352 00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:12,850 Billions of dollars were now involved. 353 00:26:18,250 --> 00:26:23,000 In 1992, after decades of increasingly violent rule by the mafia, 354 00:26:23,370 --> 00:26:27,110 Sicilians took to the streets to demand their government take action. 355 00:26:28,400 --> 00:26:32,910 The uprising was precipitated by the assassination of Giovanni Falcone, 356 00:26:33,050 --> 00:26:36,310 who had launched the largest prosecution of the mob in history, 357 00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:39,620 only to be shut down by the Italian government. 358 00:26:41,740 --> 00:26:44,880 Finally, Italy's leaders responded. 359 00:26:45,310 --> 00:26:48,480 7,000 army troops were sent into Sicily 360 00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,480 and new anti-mafia legislation was passed. 361 00:26:52,510 --> 00:26:57,250 Government spokespersons declared that the war on the mafia had been won. 362 00:26:59,510 --> 00:27:01,820 This would soon prove to be an illusion. 363 00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:06,080 Though the Sicilian mafia had been temporarily beheaded, 364 00:27:06,310 --> 00:27:11,050 the same social conditions that had allowed the underworld to flourish, remained in place. 365 00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:17,400 Like the hydra, the mythical creature that grows two heads when one is severed, 366 00:27:17,710 --> 00:27:20,770 the Mafia would emerge with new found strength. 367 00:27:25,370 --> 00:27:29,000 "Hear nothing. See nothing. Say nothing. 368 00:27:29,740 --> 00:27:32,710 Those three things will keep you alive." 369 00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:40,140 That is the code of Italy's most violent mafia, the Camorra, 370 00:27:42,020 --> 00:27:45,540 and this is where its grip is strongest: Naples, 371 00:27:45,540 --> 00:27:47,250 a city in the heart of Europe. 372 00:27:47,710 --> 00:27:49,880 Its brutality is notorious. 373 00:27:50,020 --> 00:27:52,680 It's killed more people than the IRA. 374 00:27:54,740 --> 00:27:58,770 "It stands for death, terror, trauma, blood and tears." 375 00:27:59,140 --> 00:28:03,450 But senior insiders, who have never spoken publicly before, tell me 376 00:28:03,450 --> 00:28:06,250 the power of Camorra clans is all pervasive. 377 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:10,050 "Take away the word Naples and leave the word Camorra. 378 00:28:10,280 --> 00:28:12,570 It's the city of the Camorra." 379 00:28:12,850 --> 00:28:16,680 This organized crime syndicate rakes in billions by poisoning 380 00:28:16,740 --> 00:28:19,340 its own backyard with toxic waste, 381 00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:24,400 and the Camorra has poluted politics in Naples. 382 00:28:24,770 --> 00:28:28,600 "It used to be that the Camorrista would knock on the politician's door for favors, 383 00:28:28,940 --> 00:28:32,340 today, in this city, it's the politician who needs the Camorrista." 384 00:28:33,020 --> 00:28:37,250 The Camorra has more blood on its hands than Sicily's infamous mafia. 385 00:28:39,910 --> 00:28:42,400 What will it take to stop it? 386 00:29:02,110 --> 00:29:05,570 But there was more disturbing news in the fall of 1993 387 00:29:05,820 --> 00:29:10,140 when a report revealed that government itself may have been running drugs. 388 00:29:10,970 --> 00:29:13,850 The head of the DEA at the time, Robert Bonner, 389 00:29:14,050 --> 00:29:18,370 said that a ton of pure cocaine worth hundreds of millions of dollars 390 00:29:18,850 --> 00:29:21,370 had been smuggled into the US. 391 00:29:21,770 --> 00:29:23,480 He blamed the CIA, 392 00:29:23,650 --> 00:29:27,450 saying the agency had joined the Venezuelan National Guard 393 00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:28,770 in drug smuggling. 394 00:29:29,050 --> 00:29:31,650 "Let me understand what you're saying: a ton of cocaine 395 00:29:32,050 --> 00:29:34,570 was smuggled into the USA, 396 00:29:35,370 --> 00:29:37,850 by the Venezuelan National Guard 397 00:29:38,280 --> 00:29:40,970 in cooperation with the CIA?" 398 00:29:41,710 --> 00:29:45,170 "That's exactly what appears to have happened." 399 00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,110 Former DEA agent Levine said that 400 00:29:48,140 --> 00:29:51,310 equally shocking was the fact that for more than 30 years 401 00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:55,110 the federal government had protected some drug dealers. 402 00:29:55,480 --> 00:29:57,880 "As officers in the narcotic war, 403 00:29:58,220 --> 00:30:01,020 we saw the political choice made 404 00:30:01,250 --> 00:30:02,710 up-close and personal." 405 00:30:03,280 --> 00:30:06,450 One example, Levine said, was during the Nixon administration 406 00:30:06,450 --> 00:30:09,420 when he was about to bust a major source of heroin. 407 00:30:09,770 --> 00:30:13,050 "I was stopped, stopped cold, because that source 408 00:30:13,050 --> 00:30:15,140 were our allies in the Vietnam war." 409 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:18,310 Levine said this was not an isolated incident, 410 00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,970 that it had happened many times in his 25-year career. 411 00:30:21,970 --> 00:30:24,000 "If it was a question of 412 00:30:24,220 --> 00:30:26,370 supporting people who supported our 413 00:30:26,450 --> 00:30:29,680 economic and political philosophies in other parts of the world, 414 00:30:29,940 --> 00:30:33,680 and they happened to be drug dealers โ€“ as most of them are โ€“ 415 00:30:34,140 --> 00:30:36,620 we supported them and we protected them. 416 00:30:46,220 --> 00:30:49,940 It's very hard to point to an area of the world where you have 417 00:30:49,940 --> 00:30:53,170 major drug trafficking, where the CIA 418 00:30:53,170 --> 00:30:55,110 has not been a factor 419 00:30:55,370 --> 00:30:59,570 in allowing that drug trade to prosper 420 00:30:59,710 --> 00:31:01,740 because of the protection 421 00:31:01,940 --> 00:31:04,680 which they conferred upon their assets. 422 00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:07,770 The CIA, in trying to 423 00:31:08,420 --> 00:31:12,370 create an anti-communist presence in Southeast Asia, 424 00:31:12,370 --> 00:31:16,200 they were very worried, especially after China went communist. 425 00:31:16,510 --> 00:31:19,710 The CIA built up what was left of 426 00:31:19,710 --> 00:31:22,220 Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang, which 427 00:31:22,220 --> 00:31:25,600 always had financed itself by the drug traffic 428 00:31:26,220 --> 00:31:33,250 and, starting officially in the year 1951, 429 00:31:33,510 --> 00:31:36,050 the CIA's 'Operation Paper' 430 00:31:36,620 --> 00:31:38,820 started supplying arms and 431 00:31:38,820 --> 00:31:41,620 other material assistance to 432 00:31:41,820 --> 00:31:46,710 a group of KMT former soldiers in Burma, 433 00:31:47,050 --> 00:31:49,850 whose main activity was controlling the 434 00:31:49,850 --> 00:31:53,770 drug traffic there and exporting drugs out of Burma, 435 00:31:53,970 --> 00:31:58,420 mostly through Thailand to Hong Kong, 436 00:31:58,420 --> 00:32:01,400 to Taiwan and, eventually, to the US. 437 00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:05,340 This grew with time and came to support a whole 438 00:32:05,850 --> 00:32:10,420 CIA private army in Thailand, which was then used to 439 00:32:10,740 --> 00:32:13,620 stir up war in Laos, and really is a 440 00:32:13,620 --> 00:32:19,450 neglected factor in the origins of the Vietnam War, the American Vietnam War. 441 00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:31,020 The CIA began going into Afghanistan 442 00:32:31,420 --> 00:32:36,740 after the communists seized power there in 1978. 443 00:32:36,940 --> 00:32:40,880 They actually were in there a bit before and may have helped, by their 444 00:32:40,940 --> 00:32:44,800 sport of the right, to have precipitated that communist coup, 445 00:32:45,250 --> 00:32:49,080 but, in a big way the CIA became involved in 446 00:32:49,620 --> 00:32:53,940 Afghanistan after December, 1979. 447 00:32:57,880 --> 00:33:00,250 US National Security Adviser, Brzezinski 448 00:33:00,250 --> 00:33:03,420 flew to Pakistan, to set about rallying resistance. 449 00:33:03,940 --> 00:33:07,710 He wanted to arm the Mujahideen without revealing America's role. 450 00:33:08,680 --> 00:33:10,940 On the Afghan border near the Khyber Pass, 451 00:33:11,110 --> 00:33:13,970 he urged the 'Soldiers of God' to re-double their efforts. 452 00:33:14,650 --> 00:33:18,050 "We know of their deep belief in God 453 00:33:18,250 --> 00:33:21,420 and we are confident that their struggle will succeed." 454 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,850 The CIA support went not to the 455 00:33:25,850 --> 00:33:28,220 general Afghan resistance, 456 00:33:28,450 --> 00:33:33,110 but to those parts of the Afghan resistance which were trusted by the 457 00:33:33,420 --> 00:33:36,250 Saudis, and above all, by Pakistan. 458 00:33:36,510 --> 00:33:39,450 And Pakistan was frightened of a genuinely 459 00:33:39,450 --> 00:33:42,420 popular resistance movement, because 460 00:33:42,740 --> 00:33:45,540 they, most of the resistance, 461 00:33:45,540 --> 00:33:49,000 didn't like the Durand Line, which was the official frontier 462 00:33:49,050 --> 00:33:51,880 between Pakistan and Afghanistan, 463 00:33:51,880 --> 00:33:55,400 and which divides Pashtun people and even 464 00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:58,110 divides tribes and families. 465 00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:03,420 So, all the aid went to those people who would recognize the Durand Line 466 00:34:03,820 --> 00:34:07,540 and these were mostly proteges of the 467 00:34:07,540 --> 00:34:11,600 Pakistani intelligence service, the ISI, 468 00:34:12,710 --> 00:34:16,820 and who found a convenient situation to 469 00:34:16,820 --> 00:34:19,800 support themselves against the rest by 470 00:34:20,020 --> 00:34:23,340 getting involved in drug traffic. Not just moving drugs, 471 00:34:23,340 --> 00:34:26,910 but even developing heroin factories 472 00:34:27,310 --> 00:34:31,110 inside those parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan 473 00:34:31,110 --> 00:34:33,480 which were under ISI control. 474 00:34:33,510 --> 00:34:36,800 In the very early stages of US support 475 00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:40,220 for Afghanistan resistance, 476 00:34:40,420 --> 00:34:43,740 all that aid was channeled through a bank 477 00:34:43,740 --> 00:34:47,050 called the Bank of Credit and Commerce, International (BCCI). 478 00:34:47,370 --> 00:34:50,770 "To keep the authorities in the dark and prop up their empires, 479 00:34:50,770 --> 00:34:54,370 BCCI and Gulf set up an elaborate money-go-round. 480 00:34:54,820 --> 00:34:58,480 Depositors ranging from the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi to ordinary customers, 481 00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:01,020 put their money into BCCI accounts. 482 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:04,220 But a secret route was needed to divert it to Gulf. 483 00:35:04,650 --> 00:35:09,450 To do this, Gulf set up dozens of shadow companies in places like Liberia and Panama, 484 00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:11,510 where ownership can be kept secret. 485 00:35:11,710 --> 00:35:14,570 These companies opened accounts with BCCI 486 00:35:14,570 --> 00:35:16,570 through which money started to flow. 487 00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:22,080 They recycled money between them and to other specially created Indian trading companies, 488 00:35:22,080 --> 00:35:24,820 so it looked as if real business was taking place. 489 00:35:25,220 --> 00:35:27,940 The shadow companies opened accounts in New York 490 00:35:28,080 --> 00:35:29,680 and channeled the money there. 491 00:35:29,800 --> 00:35:32,310 But these accounts were also controlled by Gulf. 492 00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:35,540 Gulf returned some of the money to BCCI, 493 00:35:35,680 --> 00:35:38,370 so it appeared BCCI was making profits. 494 00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:43,800 This was a bank which was getting rich by laundering drug money, 495 00:35:43,970 --> 00:35:47,370 had a direct stake in the drug trade, 496 00:35:47,370 --> 00:35:49,910 and actually may, according to some 497 00:35:51,020 --> 00:35:53,820 people who've written about it, had been involved, 498 00:35:53,820 --> 00:35:57,620 directly involved in the drug trade itself, as well as in 499 00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:01,220 creating balances for drug traffickers. 500 00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:05,250 From the very beginning, American aid 501 00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:07,820 was skewed away from, 502 00:36:07,940 --> 00:36:12,770 what an outsider would've said, were to be the obvious recipients of 503 00:36:12,770 --> 00:36:15,200 aid in Afghanistan and went to these 504 00:36:15,420 --> 00:36:21,450 two outside groups, Abu Sayyaf and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, 505 00:36:21,650 --> 00:36:25,080 neither of whom had a very solid base in Afghanistan 506 00:36:25,220 --> 00:36:28,220 and both groups being involved in the drug traffic. 507 00:36:28,340 --> 00:36:33,020 It's a real tragedy that perhaps half of all US aid 508 00:36:33,020 --> 00:36:36,450 given to the Afghan resistance in the 1980s 509 00:36:36,770 --> 00:36:40,850 was given to this one man, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, 510 00:36:41,110 --> 00:36:44,880 who at the time was the world's biggest drug trafficker. 511 00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:50,170 The CIA has to face the fact that wherever they have been active... I mean, 512 00:36:50,170 --> 00:36:53,450 the world's heroin today 513 00:36:53,680 --> 00:36:56,910 is coming from three countries, 514 00:36:56,910 --> 00:37:00,770 all of them countries where the CIA has been active, 515 00:37:00,880 --> 00:37:06,650 most of it in Afghanistan, which where we have been hyperactive recently with the world's 516 00:37:07,050 --> 00:37:09,110 largest CIA station, 517 00:37:09,250 --> 00:37:15,250 and it's worth mentioning that before the CIA went into Afghanistan in the late 1970s, 518 00:37:15,250 --> 00:37:19,570 Afghanistan had never been a factor in the world drug trade. 519 00:37:19,570 --> 00:37:23,480 There had been opium grown, but it was locally consumed. 520 00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:28,340 Afghanistan now produces, I think, 93% of the world's heroin. 521 00:37:28,880 --> 00:37:34,140 Before that, it was Indochina, and until America got out of Indochina, 522 00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:38,080 it was producing about 90% of the world's heroin, and 523 00:37:38,140 --> 00:37:41,570 the failure of the US media to 524 00:37:41,970 --> 00:37:48,420 note this very obvious correlation between CIA activity and drug production 525 00:37:48,600 --> 00:37:53,220 is one of the reasons that we have such a problem on our hands, because 526 00:37:53,450 --> 00:37:57,540 it's only a few of us who are - sort of, 527 00:37:57,710 --> 00:38:01,480 for this reason, denied access to the mainstream media - 528 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:05,510 who keep pointing out the obvious: that there is a correlation between 529 00:38:05,710 --> 00:38:09,000 CIA activity and drug production. 530 00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:11,170 The third area is Colombia. 531 00:38:11,170 --> 00:38:13,170 Little was known about BCCI 532 00:38:13,170 --> 00:38:15,770 until 6 of its top officers were arrested 533 00:38:15,880 --> 00:38:18,340 in Tampa in October of 1988 534 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:23,020 on charges of laundering drug money for Colombian cocaine bosses. 535 00:38:23,420 --> 00:38:25,420 The BCCI men were convicted 536 00:38:25,570 --> 00:38:27,880 and the bank itself, pleaded guilty. 537 00:38:28,220 --> 00:38:31,250 But for some reason, the bank was allowed to continue 538 00:38:31,250 --> 00:38:33,220 to operate all over the world, 539 00:38:33,510 --> 00:38:37,420 and investigators say US prosecutors failed to follow up 540 00:38:37,600 --> 00:38:40,970 on evidence of wide-spread corruption and other crimes 541 00:38:41,140 --> 00:38:44,370 that, this month, finally led to the bank being shut down. 542 00:38:44,480 --> 00:38:47,970 I don't want to say that we invented cocaine production there, 543 00:38:47,970 --> 00:38:50,510 but it has massively increased 544 00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:55,340 since, it was originally 1962, I think, when, 545 00:38:55,740 --> 00:38:59,770 under Kennedy, the US were very concerned about Castro 546 00:38:59,770 --> 00:39:03,480 having taken over in Cuba, and frightened that he would export 547 00:39:03,770 --> 00:39:07,080 revolution to Latin America, and Colombia 548 00:39:07,110 --> 00:39:08,600 would be likely the ... (first?), 549 00:39:09,620 --> 00:39:12,710 the coastline that is closest to Cuba. 550 00:39:12,940 --> 00:39:18,340 So, they initiated an anti-communist program there, 551 00:39:18,620 --> 00:39:22,880 which was successful in creating only two things: 552 00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:25,480 first of all, a great escalation 553 00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:29,680 in the number of drug traffickers in Colombia, 554 00:39:29,680 --> 00:39:33,080 the amount of drugs produced in Colombia, 555 00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:35,540 but also in the amount of terrorism, 556 00:39:35,710 --> 00:39:39,420 because a lot of ordinary trade unionists... 557 00:39:39,420 --> 00:39:39,450 Once they had this CIA supported, anti-communist drive to deal with, because a lot of ordinary trade unionists... 558 00:39:39,450 --> 00:39:44,510 Once they had this CIA supported, anti-communist drive to deal with, 559 00:39:44,510 --> 00:39:47,220 they decided that their only protection 560 00:39:47,220 --> 00:39:51,250 was to become a militant revolutionary movement. So, it was, 561 00:39:51,340 --> 00:39:54,250 I think, a disastrous move on two levels. 562 00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:57,820 Not just the drug level, but also the terrorism level. 563 00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:03,220 And now, in Colombia, terrorism and anti-terrorism 564 00:40:03,370 --> 00:40:06,770 is a drug-related industry on both sides. 565 00:40:06,970 --> 00:40:10,250 But specifically with Colombia, the closest ally - two allies, that 566 00:40:10,250 --> 00:40:14,540 the US has right now in Latin America is Mexico and Colombia. 567 00:40:14,650 --> 00:40:18,600 Colombia is the worst human rights violator in Latin America. 568 00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:22,540 Over 3,000 trade unionists have been murdered in the last 10 years, 569 00:40:22,970 --> 00:40:26,800 thousands of journalists have been murdered in the last few decades. 570 00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:30,200 The most dangerous place to be in the world if you are a trade unionist is Colombia. 571 00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:33,850 The most dangerous place to be in the world if you are a journalist is Colombia. 572 00:40:33,940 --> 00:40:37,450 Over 3 million people have been displaced from the land in Colombia 573 00:40:37,450 --> 00:40:41,000 by right-wing paramilitary units that then, once that land is displaced, 574 00:40:41,080 --> 00:40:45,140 turn that land over to trans-national corporations, to local planters and investors, 575 00:40:45,140 --> 00:40:48,740 to local capitalists, and so, Colombia is basically a terrorist regime. 576 00:40:48,740 --> 00:40:51,370 It's a terrorist state. It's a nightmare state 577 00:40:51,420 --> 00:40:54,970 for the poor majority and this is a state which the US is totally aligned with. 578 00:40:54,970 --> 00:40:57,170 So you might ask, why is that the case? Well, 579 00:40:57,370 --> 00:41:00,650 US strategy has been to use Colombia as a beachhead 580 00:41:00,770 --> 00:41:04,850 to try and gain, re-gain influence in Latin America. 581 00:41:05,110 --> 00:41:09,680 So, Obama comes in and says that Colombia is the best friend of the US. 582 00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:12,600 "And today president Santos and I reviewed our progress and, 583 00:41:12,740 --> 00:41:15,540 I'm pleased to say, reached agreement on several new initiatives. 584 00:41:17,080 --> 00:41:21,570 First, as has already been mentioned, we are moving ahead with our landmark trade agreement." 585 00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:25,620 Well, if what you mean by the US are the dominant system, the rulers in the US, 586 00:41:25,620 --> 00:41:28,800 Colombia is the best friend of the US. And 587 00:41:29,110 --> 00:41:32,650 what the US can do now is attempt to regain its influence by 588 00:41:32,650 --> 00:41:35,710 trying to beef up Colombia, strengthen Colombia and 589 00:41:35,740 --> 00:41:38,620 use Colombia as a staging point to counter the pink tide, 590 00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:42,370 or the US might come up with a more sophisticated 591 00:41:42,770 --> 00:41:44,370 strategy of accepting 592 00:41:44,850 --> 00:41:48,880 some type of reform in Latin America and accommodating itself to that reform. 593 00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:54,110 I think that's, seen from the viewpoint of the US political elite, that's the challenge that it faces. 594 00:42:03,170 --> 00:42:06,710 In 2010, the former head of death squads in Colombia, 595 00:42:06,850 --> 00:42:08,680 Juan Manuel Santos, 596 00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:11,340 claimed to have won the presidential election. 597 00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:16,280 Voter abstention was estimated at over 75%. 598 00:42:18,140 --> 00:42:22,740 Shortly before, the largest mass grave in Colombian history was discovered. 599 00:42:23,450 --> 00:42:26,740 Located just outside of an army base in La Macarena, 600 00:42:26,880 --> 00:42:30,450 it was revealed when children drinking from the nearby stream became ill 601 00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:33,820 from the toxic effects of decomposing flesh. 602 00:42:34,910 --> 00:42:40,200 An editorial in the NY Times described Santos as a role model for Latin America. 603 00:42:42,650 --> 00:42:46,050 Hundreds of bodies buried in unmarked graves. 604 00:42:46,850 --> 00:42:51,370 This cemetery in La Macarena has become president Alvaro Uribe's nightmare 605 00:42:51,420 --> 00:42:53,620 in his last days in office. 606 00:42:55,940 --> 00:42:59,140 La Macarena is located deep into the Colombian jungle 607 00:42:59,140 --> 00:43:01,620 in a place that was once controlled by the 608 00:43:01,620 --> 00:43:04,510 Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. 609 00:43:05,110 --> 00:43:10,000 Human rights groups claim that there could be up to 2,000 bodies buried here, 610 00:43:10,340 --> 00:43:13,820 right behind the largest Colombian military base in the area. 611 00:43:14,480 --> 00:43:17,540 The government claims the dead were guerrillas, 612 00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:21,080 but people in the area say many were innocent civilians. 613 00:43:21,200 --> 00:43:23,570 Raquel Benavidez certainly thinks so. 614 00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:28,450 She says her son was killed by the military and passed off as a guerrilla fighter. 615 00:43:28,740 --> 00:43:30,510 He was found in a mass grave. 616 00:43:34,200 --> 00:43:36,850 "They killed my son for holidays for some cash. 617 00:43:37,050 --> 00:43:40,570 They killed him so the government would get more money from abroad. 618 00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:43,880 I feel anger because my son was an educated person 619 00:43:43,880 --> 00:43:45,650 and he was the light of my eyes." 620 00:43:47,220 --> 00:43:50,370 The US government has been dogged by revelations that 621 00:43:50,370 --> 00:43:53,310 thousands of young poor men and women were killed 622 00:43:53,310 --> 00:43:55,310 to increase the combat body count 623 00:43:55,310 --> 00:43:57,280 and then presented as guerrillas. 624 00:43:57,280 --> 00:44:00,110 In exchange, their killers got rewards. 625 00:44:00,340 --> 00:44:04,370 People in the area say that most of the bodies that were buried here were brought 626 00:44:04,420 --> 00:44:07,280 by the Colombian military, and as you can see, 627 00:44:07,650 --> 00:44:10,340 they were buried in unmarked graves. 628 00:44:10,480 --> 00:44:16,080 This number is the number of the registry in the cemetery, and 2010 is the year they were killed. 629 00:44:16,820 --> 00:44:21,250 The president visited the area to reaffirm his support for Colombia's military. 630 00:44:21,370 --> 00:44:24,620 "In 1988, Martha Gomez's husband was murdered 631 00:44:24,620 --> 00:44:28,200 by an army death squad, masquerading as a paramilitary group. 632 00:44:28,740 --> 00:44:31,600 At the time, he worked in a local banana plantation, 633 00:44:31,740 --> 00:44:35,450 and the workers there were striking for better pay and conditions. 634 00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:39,340 When Martha's husband was ordered to break the strike, he refused, 635 00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:41,850 and the paramilitaries beat him to a pulp. 636 00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:48,450 9 years later, Martha's parents and sister were also murdered by paramilitaries in the same town." 637 00:44:48,450 --> 00:44:50,450 "They have a way of killing. 638 00:44:50,820 --> 00:44:53,140 They cut their heads off. 639 00:44:53,540 --> 00:44:55,710 Many people were disemboweled 640 00:44:55,910 --> 00:44:58,000 and their innards thrown in the river. 641 00:44:58,740 --> 00:45:00,220 This is the way they do it. 642 00:45:01,200 --> 00:45:05,170 They are laying down the seeds of terror so people will respect them, 643 00:45:05,510 --> 00:45:07,310 listen to them and obey them." 644 00:45:10,740 --> 00:45:14,110 Without preceding with the horrors in Colombia, what's it all about? 645 00:45:14,310 --> 00:45:18,540 There is an official story, the one you know. It has to do with this so-called drug war. 646 00:45:18,850 --> 00:45:25,970 That's not taken seriously by any competent analyst, and that's no exaggeration. 647 00:45:25,970 --> 00:45:29,480 And there's some very good reasons for it. One reason is that 648 00:45:29,650 --> 00:45:34,140 narcotrafficking is part of the elite culture in Colombia. 649 00:45:34,140 --> 00:45:37,570 The sectors of the population to which the arms are going 650 00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:42,570 are up to their necks in narcotrafficking and that's, by no means, any secret. 651 00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:44,820 Furthermore, they are not being targeted. 652 00:45:45,050 --> 00:45:48,140 So all of the paramilitaries are right in the middle 653 00:45:48,140 --> 00:45:51,140 of the narcotrafficking system 654 00:45:51,420 --> 00:45:55,480 and are responsible for the overwhelming majority of the atrocities, 655 00:45:55,480 --> 00:45:59,570 up to 80% last year if you can believe the Colombian government. 656 00:45:59,850 --> 00:46:01,680 They're not being targeted. 657 00:46:01,820 --> 00:46:05,910 That's not where the fighting is gonna go, not to the territories that they control, 658 00:46:06,110 --> 00:46:07,340 and there's good reasons for that. 659 00:46:07,510 --> 00:46:11,310 They are basically the armies of the land-owners, the narcotraffickers, 660 00:46:11,310 --> 00:46:15,600 the, you know, oil companies and so on and so forth, you don't go after them. 661 00:46:16,020 --> 00:46:19,170 The Colombia Plan, Clinton's Colombia Plan 662 00:46:19,340 --> 00:46:23,620 is specifically directed against the areas that happen to be under guerrilla control. 663 00:46:51,570 --> 00:46:55,770 And it's in that framework that the drug production proceeds. 664 00:46:55,910 --> 00:47:01,250 There's a way to stop it. For example, you could allow commodity stabilization programs in the third world, 665 00:47:01,620 --> 00:47:05,310 you could provide a fraction of the money that's going for - 666 00:47:05,310 --> 00:47:08,310 to kill people - could be used to develop alternative crops. 667 00:47:08,570 --> 00:47:12,450 The socio-economic problems in Colombia, which are extremely severe, 668 00:47:12,850 --> 00:47:15,600 can be dealt with in several different ways. 669 00:47:15,770 --> 00:47:19,110 One way is to try to change the internal structure of the country. 670 00:47:19,370 --> 00:47:23,000 To follow programs that would, in fact, benefit the population, 671 00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:25,050 instead of oppressing them. That's one way. 672 00:47:25,220 --> 00:47:26,800 The other way is to go in and kill them. 673 00:47:27,400 --> 00:47:30,340 There's a further question, kind of lurking in the background, 674 00:47:30,370 --> 00:47:34,400 which is never raised but really ought to be. It's not a very profound question, 675 00:47:34,540 --> 00:47:38,310 and that is: what right do we have to do anything in Colombia? 676 00:47:38,310 --> 00:47:42,800 Wherever you declare a war on drugs, you get more drugs and not less drugs. 677 00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:46,000 That's an absolute certain rule. And when in 678 00:47:46,250 --> 00:47:51,050 1990, I think, it was when the first president Bush 679 00:47:51,280 --> 00:47:57,620 declared war on drugs in Colombia, and I predicted publicly at a conference, I said: 680 00:47:57,850 --> 00:48:03,420 "We will see more drugs coming out of Colombia, now that we've declared war there." 681 00:48:03,420 --> 00:48:07,880 More planes going back and forth, more personnel going back and forth, 682 00:48:08,170 --> 00:48:14,280 and lo and behold, in ten years it was three times the amount of 683 00:48:14,510 --> 00:48:17,140 cocaine being produced in Colombia. 684 00:48:17,140 --> 00:48:20,140 "So you wonder why the US is continuing 685 00:48:20,140 --> 00:48:23,140 with the massive amount of aid to Colombia when 686 00:48:23,140 --> 00:48:25,600 none of the stated goals 687 00:48:25,600 --> 00:48:27,740 for Plan Colombia are being met?" 688 00:48:28,020 --> 00:48:31,400 "Are there any indications that they're re-thinking this aid 689 00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:34,200 now, upon this news, or 690 00:48:34,200 --> 00:48:37,680 with what you're saying, that they haven't made a lot of progress 691 00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:40,020 on the goals that they had in the country?" 692 00:48:40,020 --> 00:48:43,400 "Quite to the contrary, and I would say what this tells us is that 693 00:48:43,400 --> 00:48:46,310 the US actually didn't have these goals in the first place. 694 00:48:46,310 --> 00:48:50,910 The aid that they're bringing in includes seven new military bases, 695 00:48:50,910 --> 00:48:56,620 so there's a huge new influx of military aid to Colombia, rather than 696 00:48:56,620 --> 00:48:57,570 addressing the issues." 697 00:48:57,570 --> 00:49:00,770 There is a continuum of US hegemony 698 00:49:00,770 --> 00:49:03,450 in the Latin American continent, in the region. 699 00:49:03,450 --> 00:49:06,770 People in Latin America are pretty aware of this. 700 00:49:08,480 --> 00:49:12,710 When I go down to Chile, for example, and 701 00:49:13,140 --> 00:49:18,020 people talk about the war on drugs or 702 00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:22,170 the war against terror, people see the continuum 703 00:49:22,170 --> 00:49:26,880 โ€“ a continuation of the same mechanisms of violence in order to - 704 00:49:26,970 --> 00:49:30,570 that are targeting, these mechanisms are targeting 705 00:49:30,570 --> 00:49:35,480 exactly the same population: the poor, indigenous peoples. 706 00:49:35,480 --> 00:49:39,140 It follows the same logic of the US 707 00:49:39,650 --> 00:49:42,970 doctrines of national security in the region. 708 00:49:42,970 --> 00:49:46,680 They are all part of the same ideology 709 00:49:46,970 --> 00:49:51,050 which is to demobilize those people 710 00:49:51,050 --> 00:49:56,220 who are mobilizing in order to achieve social justice. It's the same thing. 711 00:50:01,080 --> 00:50:06,220 According to Laura Carlson, the director of the program of the Center for International Policy, 712 00:50:06,510 --> 00:50:11,220 the drug war has become the major vehicle of militarization in Latin America, 713 00:50:11,450 --> 00:50:16,940 a way for the Pentagon to occupy and control countries at the expense of whole societies. 714 00:50:22,680 --> 00:50:29,620 South of the border, the drug war has claimed 47,000 lives between the years 2006 and 2012. 715 00:51:10,420 --> 00:51:15,710 The Iran-Contra affair of the 1980s was a, 716 00:51:16,400 --> 00:51:21,710 as far as the press was concerned โ€“ they focused mostly on the fact that 717 00:51:23,880 --> 00:51:29,140 profits from selling arms to Iran, which was actually illegal under US law, 718 00:51:29,140 --> 00:51:32,880 but done by Oliver North for the White House, 719 00:51:33,540 --> 00:51:37,510 those profits had been used to support the Contras. 720 00:51:38,080 --> 00:51:43,080 The drug aspect of Iran-Contra is on the Contra side, 721 00:51:43,310 --> 00:51:47,370 partly because some of the Contras themselves were drug traffickers, 722 00:51:47,370 --> 00:51:51,280 particularly the original core who came out of 723 00:51:51,480 --> 00:51:54,480 Somoza's national guard in Nicaragua, 724 00:51:54,480 --> 00:52:01,680 which had used its privileged position to traffic in drugs back in the 70s before they were ousted. 725 00:52:02,020 --> 00:52:07,200 But on an even bigger level, which the press mostly missed, 726 00:52:07,340 --> 00:52:12,080 the big-time drug traffickers, 727 00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:20,740 the people who moved cocaine from, out of Colombia and through Central America up to the United States 728 00:52:20,740 --> 00:52:25,400 and had major planes for this, they all volunteered to support the Contras 729 00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:29,480 either by lending their aircraft to the movement of arms, 730 00:52:29,480 --> 00:52:34,220 or by direct financial subsidy of the Contras. 731 00:52:34,510 --> 00:52:40,650 So, the big drug aspect of Iran-Contra was not what the Contras themselves were doing, 732 00:52:40,650 --> 00:52:42,740 because they were mostly pretty small people, 733 00:52:43,140 --> 00:52:46,570 but it was what major drug traffickers in, 734 00:52:46,880 --> 00:52:53,710 particularly Mexico, in Honduras and in Colombia itself, 735 00:52:54,450 --> 00:52:59,570 what they were doing to buy themselves - become CIA immunity (?) 736 00:52:59,620 --> 00:53:04,000 by being useful to the Contras. 737 00:53:04,250 --> 00:53:08,110 So that the CIA and eventually even US State Department 738 00:53:08,370 --> 00:53:12,650 ended up giving official contracts for movements of supplies 739 00:53:12,650 --> 00:53:19,820 to airlines which the DEA had already recognized as being drug airlines. 740 00:53:22,450 --> 00:53:26,000 Someways, the whole pattern of how the drugs moved 741 00:53:26,000 --> 00:53:29,680 was based on the relationships of all of these 742 00:53:29,680 --> 00:53:32,480 various CIA clients had with each other. 743 00:53:32,770 --> 00:53:35,820 "And I oppose any diversion of funds, 744 00:53:36,370 --> 00:53:38,050 any ransom payments 745 00:53:38,200 --> 00:53:42,280 or any circumvention of the will of the Congress, 746 00:53:43,050 --> 00:53:44,850 the law of the USA." 747 00:53:44,940 --> 00:53:47,280 George Bush Sr. came to Guatemala 748 00:53:47,280 --> 00:53:49,850 on January 13th, 1986 749 00:53:50,370 --> 00:53:53,650 and he approached me and asked me what I did 750 00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:56,770 there at the US embassy, what my job description was, 751 00:53:56,770 --> 00:54:01,880 and I told him (?) DEA working (??) international narcotics investigation, 752 00:54:01,880 --> 00:54:03,340 and I told him: "Look, 753 00:54:03,650 --> 00:54:08,510 we have gathered intelligence that the cartels are involved in drug trafficking down in El Salvador." 754 00:54:09,200 --> 00:54:12,740 Then he just smiled, shook my hand and walked away from me. 755 00:54:13,340 --> 00:54:17,340 It was then and there that I knew my government knew 756 00:54:17,650 --> 00:54:19,800 that these atrocities were occurring. 757 00:54:20,220 --> 00:54:22,710 We found a number of people in Florida 758 00:54:22,800 --> 00:54:24,600 that were helping the Contras, 759 00:54:24,770 --> 00:54:27,600 taking weapons, guns for drugs, they were involved 760 00:54:27,740 --> 00:54:30,050 in failed banks and savings and loans. 761 00:54:30,850 --> 00:54:35,820 One CIA gun-and-drug runner was a guy named Jack DeVoe, 762 00:54:36,050 --> 00:54:40,800 and DeVoe was actually bringing in his cocaine into the Ocean Reef club 763 00:54:40,970 --> 00:54:43,770 on Key Largo, that was owned by Carl Lindner, 764 00:54:43,940 --> 00:54:48,820 a Cincinnati businessman - "Oh! He's very close to Bush!" - 765 00:54:48,820 --> 00:54:51,370 Very close to Bush. Bush would go down 766 00:54:51,600 --> 00:54:55,600 and actually vacation at the Ocean Reef club, there's a picture in my book 767 00:54:55,740 --> 00:54:58,770 of Bush in a fishing boat off Ocean Reef. 768 00:54:58,770 --> 00:55:01,710 This is where Jack DeVoe is bringing in his cocaine. 769 00:55:01,820 --> 00:55:05,820 And DeVoe was also taking guns down to Latin America for the CIA. 770 00:55:05,940 --> 00:55:07,310 "There's a new epidemic. 771 00:55:07,620 --> 00:55:09,250 Smokeable cocaine, 772 00:55:09,250 --> 00:55:11,000 otherwise known as crack." 773 00:55:11,200 --> 00:55:14,940 "Let there be no mistake. This stuff is poison." 774 00:55:15,050 --> 00:55:18,080 "Little kids doing drugs. It turns my stomach." 775 00:55:18,280 --> 00:55:19,480 "Don't mess with them." 776 00:55:19,600 --> 00:55:20,680 "Just say no!" 777 00:55:20,800 --> 00:55:23,450 Now, DeVoe's money launderer 778 00:55:23,570 --> 00:55:26,080 was a Miami attorney named Lawrence Freeman. 779 00:55:26,080 --> 00:55:31,220 Freeman had previously worked for Paul Helliwell, one of the founding fathers of the CIA, 780 00:55:31,340 --> 00:55:34,680 and also was laundering money for Santo Trafficante 781 00:55:34,770 --> 00:55:37,600 the Tampa, Florida mafia boss. 782 00:55:37,820 --> 00:55:41,770 Freeman drew up the documents, the sales contract 783 00:55:41,770 --> 00:55:45,600 for a 21,000 acre land deal in Florida Panhandle, 784 00:55:45,600 --> 00:55:49,800 that Hill Financial Savings, the one in Pennsylvania we previously talked about, 785 00:55:49,970 --> 00:55:52,680 and Vision Bank Savings in Kingsville, Texas 786 00:55:52,940 --> 00:55:56,080 that was owned by Walter Mischer's former son-in-law, 787 00:55:56,310 --> 00:55:58,970 financed, there we have Lawrence Freeman 788 00:55:59,220 --> 00:56:02,310 drawing up the papers that involved these people 789 00:56:02,310 --> 00:56:08,770 and he's, you know, closely connected to CIA, he'd been the in-house counsel for Castle Bank & Trust and NASA. 790 00:56:09,110 --> 00:56:12,800 A bank that was used by the mafia and the CIA to hide and launder money 791 00:56:12,800 --> 00:56:15,400 and was shut down when Paul Helliwell died. 792 00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:17,880 It appeared that many of these 793 00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:20,940 off-shore money laundering operations were moved, 794 00:56:21,110 --> 00:56:25,370 after Castle Bank failed and was shut down, to the Isle of Jersey. 795 00:56:25,600 --> 00:56:30,420 And Lawrence Freeman was laundering Jack DeVoe's drug money through the Isle of Jersey. 796 00:56:31,250 --> 00:56:34,970 Robert Corson, Mischer's former son-in-law and Mike Adkinson 797 00:56:35,020 --> 00:56:36,970 were laundering S&L money 798 00:56:37,280 --> 00:56:42,140 through the Isle of Jersey along with some people in Colorado that connect to Neil Bush. 799 00:56:42,540 --> 00:56:44,940 All were using the same, the same trust, 800 00:56:45,220 --> 00:56:48,080 the same trust in the Isle of Jersey - we're getting drug money 801 00:56:48,250 --> 00:56:52,450 and S&L money and they were mixed in in the same bank accounts. 802 01:00:37,110 --> 01:00:39,000 America โ€“ land of the free? 803 01:00:39,200 --> 01:00:43,570 Not when one out of a hundred Americans are currently incarcerated in either jail or prison, 804 01:00:43,800 --> 01:00:47,880 making America the country with the highest incarceration rates in the entire world. 805 01:00:48,170 --> 01:00:53,200 The US has only 5% of the population, but holds ยผ of the world's prisoners. 806 01:00:53,510 --> 01:00:57,600 Even more disturbing than the rates of the imprisoned is the privatization of the industry. 807 01:00:58,020 --> 01:01:02,940 The expanding prison-industrial complex has a vested interest in keeping people locked up. 808 01:01:03,510 --> 01:01:06,620 Just like the security industry's growing lobbying efforts to implement 809 01:01:06,620 --> 01:01:06,650 harsher security legislation that would implement their products, Just like the security industry's growing lobbying efforts to implement 810 01:01:06,650 --> 01:01:09,650 harsher security legislation that would implement their products, 811 01:01:09,970 --> 01:01:12,850 there's a growing trend of private prisons. 812 01:01:13,050 --> 01:01:18,140 The prison-industrial complex, which has grown 350% over the last 15 years 813 01:01:18,370 --> 01:01:20,570 has been lobbying Congress hard 814 01:01:20,650 --> 01:01:23,570 to pass legislation that would imprison more people. 815 01:01:23,970 --> 01:01:27,340 Now, the private prison industry is by no means a new story, 816 01:01:27,620 --> 01:01:30,680 but the growing number of companies reporting record profits 817 01:01:30,680 --> 01:01:32,880 by means of locking people up, is. 818 01:01:33,340 --> 01:01:37,650 Wells Fargo, you know, that bank that received a cool $37 million 819 01:01:37,650 --> 01:01:40,250 from the US government's taxpayer-funded bailouts, 820 01:01:40,450 --> 01:01:43,880 is also the main investor in 4 private prisons. 821 01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:45,080 That's right. 822 01:01:45,420 --> 01:01:49,940 The people that, some say, should be behind bars, are the ones profiting of locking people up. 823 01:01:50,400 --> 01:01:53,910 Is this just an ironic twist, or is it good business practice? 824 01:01:54,110 --> 01:01:57,370 Earlier, I was joined by Russ Baker, founder and editor-in-chief 825 01:01:57,370 --> 01:01:59,250 of WhoWhatWhy.com 826 01:01:59,420 --> 01:02:01,880 and author of the book Family of Secrets. 827 01:02:02,170 --> 01:02:05,200 I asked him what sets the US apart from other nations and 828 01:02:05,200 --> 01:02:09,820 why are so many people behind bars in this country. Here's what he had to say: 829 01:02:11,000 --> 01:02:15,450 "Right, Abby, what we're doing is we're looking for new excuses to lock people up. 830 01:02:15,510 --> 01:02:18,450 That figure you cited, 831 01:02:18,710 --> 01:02:21,800 1 out of a 100 is quite alarming but even more alarming 832 01:02:21,820 --> 01:02:25,170 is the figure of 6 million Americans 833 01:02:25,170 --> 01:02:29,800 who are under some form of supervision, either in prison, 834 01:02:29,800 --> 01:02:32,880 or they are in the parole-probation system. 835 01:02:32,880 --> 01:02:35,020 That is a staggering figure. 836 01:02:35,020 --> 01:02:37,450 The correct term to use would be gulag. 837 01:02:38,370 --> 01:02:43,680 What we're looking at is essentially the criminalization of extremely minor behavior, 838 01:02:43,680 --> 01:02:46,940 much of it victimless, coupled with 839 01:02:46,940 --> 01:02:50,370 severe and extremely harsh sentences, 840 01:02:50,370 --> 01:02:53,220 compounded by putting people, 841 01:02:53,220 --> 01:02:56,570 who really are not dangerous into very dangerous facilities, 842 01:02:56,570 --> 01:02:58,910 and turning them into hardened criminals. 843 01:03:05,280 --> 01:03:07,850 I certainly agree that prohibition 844 01:03:08,710 --> 01:03:12,480 increases drug trafficking, rather than diminishes it. 845 01:03:12,680 --> 01:03:15,570 What drives the drug trade is profit, 846 01:03:15,970 --> 01:03:22,480 and if the drug traffic is illegal, the profits are far higher than if it's legal. 847 01:03:22,850 --> 01:03:26,940 By now America has well launched into an era of amazing madness, 848 01:03:27,220 --> 01:03:30,050 bootlegging has grown from small individual effort, 849 01:03:30,200 --> 01:03:33,710 to big business embodying huge coalitions and combine. 850 01:03:34,250 --> 01:03:38,140 The chase after huge profits is followed closely by their inevitable partners: 851 01:03:38,480 --> 01:03:40,910 corruption, violence and murder. 852 01:03:41,370 --> 01:03:44,200 A new and horrible tool appears: the Tommy. 853 01:03:44,340 --> 01:03:46,850 A light, deadly, wasp-like machine-gun, 854 01:03:46,850 --> 01:03:50,220 and murder henceforth is parceled out in wholesale lots. 855 01:03:52,170 --> 01:03:55,170 Then, in the depth of the economic despair that has gripped the country, 856 01:03:55,310 --> 01:03:58,220 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected president, 857 01:03:58,600 --> 01:04:01,600 partially on the basis of his promise to end prohibition. 858 01:04:02,200 --> 01:04:06,820 In New York City, thousands of jubilant citizens march in a great beer parade 859 01:04:06,820 --> 01:04:10,420 and shortly, 3.2 beer becomes legal. 860 01:04:10,420 --> 01:04:13,620 Finally comes the national referendum on repeal. 861 01:04:13,910 --> 01:04:17,850 Tired of years of violence, corruption and loss of personal liberty, 862 01:04:17,850 --> 01:04:21,480 Americans go the polls and overwhelmingly rout the dry forces. 863 01:04:21,480 --> 01:04:25,450 After 13 years, Prohibition is dead, 864 01:04:25,710 --> 01:04:29,140 leaving in its wake a criminal element used to wealth and power, 865 01:04:29,280 --> 01:04:32,340 but unable, for the most part, to cope with a new determination 866 01:04:32,480 --> 01:04:35,880 by an aroused public that law and order should once more reign. 867 01:04:35,970 --> 01:04:39,000 America faces the 868 01:04:39,880 --> 01:04:43,850 opposition of most of the European countries who favor 869 01:04:44,280 --> 01:04:49,680 a medical approach to drug problem, rather than a police approach to 870 01:04:49,680 --> 01:04:53,370 the drug problem and they have actually instituted programs 871 01:04:53,370 --> 01:04:57,310 in countries like the Netherlands. It's not legal 872 01:04:57,310 --> 01:05:00,140 to buy and sell heroin, 873 01:05:00,370 --> 01:05:04,850 but it's not criminal for people to consume it 874 01:05:05,080 --> 01:05:10,820 and this means that addicts go to government created centers 875 01:05:10,820 --> 01:05:16,310 to get their injections and there's actually been a fall-off in drug consumption. 876 01:05:16,480 --> 01:05:20,170 But the big benefit from this is the 877 01:05:20,710 --> 01:05:24,000 very major fall-off in drug related crime. 878 01:05:24,280 --> 01:05:27,310 You see fewer thefts 879 01:05:27,600 --> 01:05:31,280 for drug purposes, because they don't have to steal to get their drugs. 880 01:05:31,480 --> 01:05:35,600 You see a marked decline in drug related prostitution, 881 01:05:35,710 --> 01:05:38,880 you know, women who are selling their bodies to get their drugs. 882 01:05:38,880 --> 01:05:42,770 I just finished reviewing a book for an academic journal 883 01:05:42,770 --> 01:05:46,020 and the conclusion to the book was my own, as well, 884 01:05:46,400 --> 01:05:50,110 is that the rest of the world is waiting 885 01:05:50,110 --> 01:05:54,680 for America to abandon its prohibition model 886 01:05:54,680 --> 01:05:57,800 of drug treatments and go to a more sane, 887 01:05:57,800 --> 01:06:02,110 more humane and more successful 888 01:06:02,740 --> 01:06:04,940 medical approach to the problem. 889 01:06:05,170 --> 01:06:09,450 It's well known how to deal with drug problems. It's not a small problem, 890 01:06:09,450 --> 01:06:14,480 I mean, substance abuse is a serious problem: the worst part is tobacco, the next is alcohol 891 01:06:14,480 --> 01:06:16,970 and down below are lots of other drugs, 892 01:06:17,540 --> 01:06:20,800 and the way to deal with it is by treating it. Prevention and treatment, 893 01:06:20,800 --> 01:06:25,570 prevention of course means eliminating the social conditions out of which it arises. 894 01:06:25,740 --> 01:06:28,650 But just plain treatment, and it's effective. 895 01:06:28,880 --> 01:06:33,370 There are major studies which compare the effectiveness, government-funded studies, 896 01:06:33,770 --> 01:06:37,970 major ones, that compare the effectiveness of treatment to other approaches. 897 01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:39,970 The major one by Rand Corporation 898 01:06:40,620 --> 01:06:43,710 compared treatment - prevention and treatment - 899 01:06:43,710 --> 01:06:46,170 just in terms of cost effectiveness, 900 01:06:46,170 --> 01:06:49,110 to a Criminal Justice, what's called 901 01:06:49,110 --> 01:06:52,880 โ€“ I hate to use the word โ€“ what's called Criminal Justice in the United States, 902 01:06:53,250 --> 01:06:57,220 and it was about 7 times as effective. Treatment. 903 01:06:57,340 --> 01:07:01,450 They compared it with interdiction โ€“ it's about 11 times as effective. 904 01:07:01,620 --> 01:07:06,480 They compared it with what's called Source Country Control โ€“ that's what we're doing in Colombia โ€“ 905 01:07:06,650 --> 01:07:08,620 it was 23 times as effective. 906 01:07:08,970 --> 01:07:11,140 So, by substantial measures, 907 01:07:11,250 --> 01:07:15,280 these are much more effective ways of dealing with the substance abuse problem, 908 01:07:15,280 --> 01:07:18,800 which is a problem, you know, and if you wanna deal with it โ€“ that's the way to do it. 909 01:07:19,250 --> 01:07:25,940 Well, for years it's been pointed out by critics of these programs that they fail to meet their stated objectives, and that's true. 910 01:07:25,940 --> 01:07:28,910 They completely fail to meet their stated objectives 911 01:07:29,250 --> 01:07:35,820 and that's recognized on all sides. What do you decide when a program fails to meet the stated objectives? 912 01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:42,340 The methods are criminal prosecution at home and, you know, mass murder abroad. 913 01:07:42,850 --> 01:07:48,450 Well, what you do is, you intensify the same efforts and you avoid the methods that you know to work. 914 01:07:49,050 --> 01:07:54,080 Well, you know, assuming everybody isn't totally insane, there's another conclusion to be drawn from this, 915 01:07:54,080 --> 01:07:59,420 and that is that they ARE meeting their objectives โ€“ not the stated objectives, but the REAL objectives. 916 01:08:11,540 --> 01:08:15,820 When I talk about the Deep State, I ought have also to talk about 917 01:08:15,940 --> 01:08:19,250 the huge and increasing disparity 918 01:08:19,450 --> 01:08:22,200 of income and wealth in this country. 919 01:08:22,200 --> 01:08:27,370 So that, particularly since WWII, but also before, 920 01:08:27,370 --> 01:08:30,570 is very visible in the early history because 921 01:08:30,770 --> 01:08:35,220 nearly all of the senior directors and deputy directors of the CIA 922 01:08:35,220 --> 01:08:38,110 were recruited from Wall Street, and 923 01:08:38,140 --> 01:08:40,220 not really from Wall Street, but from 924 01:08:40,600 --> 01:08:46,910 that part of Wall Street who figured also in the New York Social Register, that is to say, who were 925 01:08:47,480 --> 01:08:53,250 wealthy, affluent part of the ruling establishment that prevails in Manhattan. 926 01:08:55,250 --> 01:09:00,570 The Deep State is all the ways that those people have influence 927 01:09:00,940 --> 01:09:03,340 over American policy. 928 01:09:03,420 --> 01:09:07,450 The CIA in the early days was like their 929 01:09:07,600 --> 01:09:11,800 special play-thing and when something inside CIA 930 01:09:11,800 --> 01:09:15,680 was created, called OPC, the Office of Policy Coordination, 931 01:09:15,680 --> 01:09:19,280 very innocuous title, very insidious agency, 932 01:09:19,480 --> 01:09:24,200 which started planning coups and assassinations all around the world. 933 01:09:24,880 --> 01:09:28,880 That too was a creation of their policy and 934 01:09:28,880 --> 01:09:32,740 the Deep State was embodied there at that time. 935 01:09:33,000 --> 01:09:37,020 But there are many other ways in which that influence is exerted: 936 01:09:37,020 --> 01:09:40,140 The Council on Foreign Relations, The Federal Reserve. 937 01:09:40,140 --> 01:09:46,020 We've just seen spectacular way in which the Federal Reserve has been using, 938 01:09:46,020 --> 01:09:50,600 which is essentially a banker's institution, 939 01:09:50,740 --> 01:09:54,000 not democratically controlled, by design, 940 01:09:54,400 --> 01:09:58,420 has been using public funds to bailout the banks 941 01:09:58,600 --> 01:10:02,050 which are the institutions who supply 942 01:10:02,050 --> 01:10:05,140 the various board members of the Federal Reserve. 943 01:10:05,280 --> 01:10:08,250 So that too, in my view, is part of the Deep State. 944 01:10:08,250 --> 01:10:13,020 It's a whole milieu, or venue, where private power, 945 01:10:13,020 --> 01:10:17,740 the power of wealth influences policy. 946 01:10:28,600 --> 01:10:33,450 In 2008, capitalism underwent a crisis of gargantuan proportions, 947 01:10:33,450 --> 01:10:36,400 leading to economic devastation around the world. 948 01:10:38,080 --> 01:10:42,370 In response, the US government launched a series of investigations. 949 01:10:43,110 --> 01:10:47,620 As with the Church Committee and Iran-Contra scandal, stern words were spoken. 950 01:10:48,200 --> 01:10:53,050 "What do you think about selling securities which your own people think are 951 01:10:53,600 --> 01:10:55,970 crap. Does that bother you?" 952 01:10:56,650 --> 01:10:58,140 "I think they would... 953 01:10:59,170 --> 01:11:01,970 again, as a hypothetical?" "No, this is real." 954 01:11:01,970 --> 01:11:03,400 "Well, then I don't-" "We heard it today." 955 01:11:03,570 --> 01:11:07,220 "Well..." "We heard it today. This is a shitty deal. This is crap." 956 01:11:07,480 --> 01:11:13,600 "I, I, I heard nothing today that makes me think anything, uhm, went wrong." 957 01:11:13,800 --> 01:11:16,600 "Is there not a conflict when you sell something 958 01:11:16,940 --> 01:11:20,340 to somebody and then are determined 959 01:11:20,420 --> 01:11:23,510 to bet against that same security 960 01:11:23,800 --> 01:11:28,450 and you don't disclose that to the person you're selling it to. Do you see a problem?" 961 01:11:28,450 --> 01:11:32,080 "In the context of market-making, that is not a conflict." 962 01:11:33,420 --> 01:11:36,710 Also like the Church Committee and the Iran-Contra scandal, 963 01:11:36,970 --> 01:11:40,680 none of the top law breakers received any significant punishment. 964 01:11:41,880 --> 01:11:43,570 The problem we were then faced with, 965 01:11:43,600 --> 01:11:45,880 with the Iran-Contra scandal, immediately, 966 01:11:46,250 --> 01:11:47,940 was an effort to contain it. 967 01:11:48,110 --> 01:11:50,620 Once the White House had to admit they've been lying 968 01:11:50,620 --> 01:11:52,910 all those months and all those years, 969 01:11:53,140 --> 01:11:54,880 they then immediately tried to contain it. 970 01:11:54,880 --> 01:11:57,020 In the words of Robert Dutton, one of the operatives, 971 01:11:58,280 --> 01:12:01,080 the word was out to build a Chinese wall around Ronald Reagan. 972 01:12:01,450 --> 01:12:05,940 And they did it. And they did it partly because the Democrats in the Congress 973 01:12:06,340 --> 01:12:10,050 decided that it would be too disruptive to this country, 974 01:12:10,400 --> 01:12:13,280 to our political system, to get to the truth. 975 01:12:14,110 --> 01:12:18,110 With a handful of notable exceptions, US government officials 976 01:12:18,170 --> 01:12:21,850 have repeatedly demonstrated that they are either unwilling, or unable 977 01:12:22,140 --> 01:12:24,080 to rein in the secret government. 978 01:12:24,710 --> 01:12:28,710 On the contrary, the majority of elected officials appear to regard 979 01:12:28,740 --> 01:12:33,710 their shadowy counterparts in the intelligence business as comrades in arms. 980 01:12:34,170 --> 01:12:38,600 The main defense of the CIA was made by democrat John Stennis of Mississippi, 981 01:12:38,770 --> 01:12:42,250 a member of the Senat's CIA Watchdog Subcommittee. 982 01:12:43,450 --> 01:12:46,510 "Was the CIA's inference, in your opinion, 983 01:12:46,510 --> 01:12:51,420 was its inference into the field of public opinion perhaps a little unwise, do you think?" 984 01:12:52,710 --> 01:12:56,970 "Well, I... it might have gone further than I would have gone if 985 01:12:56,970 --> 01:13:01,620 I had been in on making the judgments directly... 986 01:13:03,020 --> 01:13:05,570 This originated in early 50s. 987 01:13:06,740 --> 01:13:11,220 You remember, that's when the Congress was passing here the bill that outlawed 988 01:13:11,220 --> 01:13:14,910 the Communist Party, Francis(?), there was a congressional expression. 989 01:13:15,280 --> 01:13:18,600 Perhaps in some of these programs it didn't change fast enough, 990 01:13:19,420 --> 01:13:23,310 but this is quite serious business, we can't do without it, 991 01:13:25,450 --> 01:13:28,570 we must continue it and I, frankly, think... 992 01:13:29,310 --> 01:13:32,710 I hope, at least, we'll quit talking about it so much 993 01:13:32,850 --> 01:13:38,620 as soon, and people realize, American people realize that this is something different." 994 01:13:38,620 --> 01:13:42,140 The word has already been passed on the hill. Passed from the leadership 995 01:13:42,140 --> 01:13:46,280 and from that inner, inner group of men who watch over the CIA. 996 01:13:46,770 --> 01:13:52,340 The result is that Congress will do virtually nothing publicly to investigate or reform the agency. 997 01:13:54,570 --> 01:13:59,170 Increasingly, when damning information is leaked, it is met with outrage, 998 01:13:59,170 --> 01:14:02,170 not at those whose criminal activity has been exposed, 999 01:14:02,220 --> 01:14:06,140 but the individuals who dare breach the wall of secrecy. 1000 01:14:13,200 --> 01:14:17,540 John Kiriakou, former CIA agent and anti-torture whistleblower, 1001 01:14:17,540 --> 01:14:20,280 may never see himself in the National Portrait Gallery, 1002 01:14:20,510 --> 01:14:24,050 but he was celebrated in a different kind of ceremony Wednesday evening. 1003 01:14:24,400 --> 01:14:30,050 The portrait is the newest addition in the Americans who tell the truth series by artist Robert Shetterly. 1004 01:14:30,880 --> 01:14:34,220 Kiriakou was the only CIA officer facing jail time for 1005 01:14:34,220 --> 01:14:36,850 any actions surrounding the government's torture program. 1006 01:14:36,970 --> 01:14:38,680 "I never tortured anybody, 1007 01:14:39,110 --> 01:14:43,140 but I'm heading to prison, while the torturers and lawyers who papered over it, 1008 01:14:43,140 --> 01:14:47,680 and the people who deceived it, and the man who destroyed the proof of it, the tapes, 1009 01:14:48,000 --> 01:14:49,370 will never face justice." 1010 01:14:49,450 --> 01:14:52,570 In 2011 he became the 6th whistleblower charged with 1011 01:14:52,620 --> 01:14:57,050 violating the Espionage Act by the Obama administration during the first term. 1012 01:14:57,800 --> 01:15:00,970 "Well, when it comes to punishing whistleblowers, president Obama is 1013 01:15:00,970 --> 01:15:05,080 proving to be more aggressive than all previous presidents combined. 1014 01:15:05,370 --> 01:15:09,620 Pretrial hearings are underway for one of them, Wikileaks whistleblower, Bradley Manning. 1015 01:15:09,770 --> 01:15:14,850 The 24-year old army private is accused of releasing a video which shows a US 1016 01:15:15,000 --> 01:15:19,600 Apache helicopter shooting and killing Iraqi civilians and two journalists. 1017 01:15:19,600 --> 01:15:23,340 Manning faces a slew of charges including aiding the enemy. 1018 01:15:23,340 --> 01:15:26,020 If convicted, he could face life behind bars. 1019 01:15:26,020 --> 01:15:30,280 "This guy should be tried. Manning should be tried for treason, executed if he's found guilty." 1020 01:15:30,280 --> 01:15:32,680 "Whoever in our government 1021 01:15:32,970 --> 01:15:35,420 leaked that information is guilty of treason 1022 01:15:35,940 --> 01:15:39,340 and I think anything less than execution is too kind a penalty." 1023 01:15:39,420 --> 01:15:42,570 "Through the course of the investigation, and as I have said publicly, 1024 01:15:42,800 --> 01:15:44,620 that he should be charged with treason." 1025 01:15:44,710 --> 01:15:47,310 "Regardless of the legal standing of this situation, 1026 01:15:47,650 --> 01:15:50,420 I do think that it was reckless and 1027 01:15:50,420 --> 01:15:54,650 irresponsible to leak all these cables. 1028 01:15:54,650 --> 01:15:57,280 I do think that it has the potential, 1029 01:15:58,340 --> 01:16:02,000 not only to jeopardize some very sensitive 1030 01:16:02,200 --> 01:16:05,800 issues with respect to national security and foreign policy, 1031 01:16:06,000 --> 01:16:09,080 but you always run the risk when you do this of literally, 1032 01:16:09,080 --> 01:16:10,620 putting people's lives in danger. 1033 01:16:10,800 --> 01:16:14,570 I'm gonna have to thank you all very much, I've gotta go." 1034 01:16:14,850 --> 01:16:19,480 "Let's dig a little bit deeper. Right now with the chair of the Senat's Elect Committee on Intelligence, 1035 01:16:19,480 --> 01:16:19,510 the democratic senator from California, Diane Feinstein. Senator, thanks very much for coming in." "Let's dig a little bit deeper. Right now with the chair of the Senat's Elect Committee on Intelligence, 1036 01:16:19,510 --> 01:16:25,220 the democratic senator from California, Diane Feinstein. Senator, thanks very much for coming in." 1037 01:16:25,220 --> 01:16:28,370 "I have some other thoughts, I don't wanna discuss them here. 1038 01:16:28,540 --> 01:16:31,340 I'll discuss them with the committee tomorrow morning. 1039 01:16:31,510 --> 01:16:33,570 I think what we're seeing, Wolf, 1040 01:16:33,570 --> 01:16:37,510 is an anschluss**, an avalanche of leaks, [see appendix] 1041 01:16:37,510 --> 01:16:39,970 and it's very, very disturbing. 1042 01:16:40,710 --> 01:16:43,740 You know, it's dismayed our allies, 1043 01:16:43,820 --> 01:16:46,370 it puts American lives in jeopardy." 1044 01:16:46,370 --> 01:16:50,200 "I guess the question is, and you don't have to go into specific details, I would assume 1045 01:16:50,200 --> 01:16:52,820 they would be classified, but do you know 1046 01:16:52,820 --> 01:16:56,080 of a specific incident 1047 01:16:56,250 --> 01:16:59,850 where someone's life has been threatened or endangered, 1048 01:16:59,940 --> 01:17:02,910 an actual incident, as a result of these leaks?" 1049 01:17:03,340 --> 01:17:04,170 "Yes. 1050 01:17:04,650 --> 01:17:07,450 I can tell you where lives have been endangered." 1051 01:17:07,710 --> 01:17:10,000 "Has anyone been killed as a result?" 1052 01:17:11,020 --> 01:17:13,910 "Not to my knowledge." 1053 01:17:14,280 --> 01:17:16,740 "Do you want to go into specifics?" "No, I do not." 1054 01:17:17,050 --> 01:17:22,080 "Alright, though, you don't have to, I suspect that this is sensitive information." "And I'm not going to." 1055 01:17:22,228 --> 01:17:24,600 "The State's Secret Privilege, 1056 01:17:24,885 --> 01:17:27,057 which is this doctrine that 1057 01:17:27,050 --> 01:17:29,714 essentially puts a censorship veil 1058 01:17:29,828 --> 01:17:32,171 over everything you wanna blow the whistle on. 1059 01:17:32,714 --> 01:17:34,457 But, this fight 1060 01:17:34,514 --> 01:17:36,800 over the exposure of government misconduct 1061 01:17:36,800 --> 01:17:40,000 goes all the way back to the American Revolution and the First Amendment. 1062 01:17:40,542 --> 01:17:42,942 And the First amendment of the US Constitution 1063 01:17:42,940 --> 01:17:44,742 was enacted to prevent 1064 01:17:44,942 --> 01:17:48,600 precisely what we're seeing unfolding today. 1065 01:17:48,800 --> 01:17:51,685 People in the government witness the abuses 1066 01:17:51,885 --> 01:17:55,800 and they have a right to blow the whistle on it, 1067 01:17:55,800 --> 01:17:58,800 and that's where Sybelle Edmunds' case is going to be critical, 1068 01:17:58,800 --> 01:18:02,342 because we are challenging the legal predicates 1069 01:18:02,771 --> 01:18:05,314 that they have used to prosecute and 1070 01:18:05,310 --> 01:18:08,800 suppress whistleblowers throughout this country. 1071 01:18:08,971 --> 01:18:14,257 We're challenging them now because they're illegal and unconstitutional. We're taking the offensive." 1072 01:18:14,685 --> 01:18:18,971 "You are saying that this dates back to the First Amendment โ€“ that is freedom of speech, so, 1073 01:18:19,342 --> 01:18:24,514 would you say then that this attack on whistleblowers is then an attack on freedom of speech?" 1074 01:18:24,510 --> 01:18:27,800 "Absolutely. It's fundamental to speech. 1075 01:18:27,800 --> 01:18:30,171 If you go back to what our founding fathers said, 1076 01:18:30,342 --> 01:18:33,314 they said that it's government misconduct 1077 01:18:33,857 --> 01:18:36,542 that the government wants to suppress 1078 01:18:36,540 --> 01:18:39,542 the public ever learning about, so the heart 1079 01:18:39,714 --> 01:18:42,885 of the First Amendment, its essential core, 1080 01:18:42,880 --> 01:18:45,200 was to permit people 1081 01:18:45,200 --> 01:18:47,200 to expose government abuses. 1082 01:18:47,457 --> 01:18:49,828 But what we see in these censorship cases 1083 01:18:50,200 --> 01:18:54,742 is that the government is using its power to intimidate, to prosecute, 1084 01:18:55,142 --> 01:18:57,857 to threaten, and to stop 1085 01:18:57,850 --> 01:19:00,628 government employees with information, be it waterboarding, 1086 01:19:00,620 --> 01:19:05,314 information like Sybelle Edmunds had about misconduct in the translation services, 1087 01:19:05,514 --> 01:19:08,028 preventing the American people learning 1088 01:19:08,114 --> 01:19:10,028 about the abuses of their government. 1089 01:19:10,142 --> 01:19:12,571 And that's why we have the First Amendment. 1090 01:19:12,570 --> 01:19:16,200 You know, OK, it's fun, you can read People Magazine or watch TV, that's great, 1091 01:19:16,200 --> 01:19:18,000 it's all protected under the First Amendment, 1092 01:19:18,228 --> 01:19:21,657 but the heart of it, the core of the First Amendment 1093 01:19:21,771 --> 01:19:27,285 is the protection of people who want to expose the misconduct of government." 1094 01:19:28,428 --> 01:19:32,457 There is a consensus, across ideological lines, 1095 01:19:32,542 --> 01:19:38,142 and even one that transcends temporal eras about what the rule of law was intended to require, 1096 01:19:38,140 --> 01:19:40,228 what it really was intended to require 1097 01:19:40,400 --> 01:19:43,400 is nothing more than the fact that we are all equally 1098 01:19:43,400 --> 01:19:45,828 bound to a common set of rules, 1099 01:19:46,057 --> 01:19:49,285 regardless of power, position or prestige. 1100 01:19:49,280 --> 01:19:52,200 So you can look at, for example, contemporary legal scholars 1101 01:19:52,200 --> 01:19:55,285 who write about the rule of law and what they will over and over emphasize 1102 01:19:55,280 --> 01:19:57,028 is that the rule of law requires, 1103 01:19:57,114 --> 01:20:02,171 the defining attribute of it, is that nobody is above the law or nobody is below the law. 1104 01:20:02,457 --> 01:20:06,571 And nobody means nobody. Nobody is above the law. Nobody is below the law. 1105 01:20:06,570 --> 01:20:08,657 And you can more interestingly look at 1106 01:20:08,828 --> 01:20:12,371 literature from the 1980s and the 1990s, this was during the time 1107 01:20:12,370 --> 01:20:15,600 when western institutions, led by the United States, 1108 01:20:15,600 --> 01:20:18,885 began lecturing the third world and the developing world 1109 01:20:19,057 --> 01:20:23,571 about what it was that they had to do in order to comport with the rule of law. 1110 01:20:23,800 --> 01:20:27,400 There were lots of journal articles written about what this term was supposed to mean 1111 01:20:27,400 --> 01:20:27,428 and the seminal article, the most influential article, was written by Thomas Carruthers, There were lots of journal articles written about what this term was supposed to mean 1112 01:20:27,428 --> 01:20:31,600 and the seminal article, the most influential article, was written by Thomas Carruthers, 1113 01:20:31,885 --> 01:20:35,628 who was an official at the World Bank, and in 1988 1114 01:20:35,620 --> 01:20:40,571 he published in the Journal of Foreign Affairs this article entitled The requirements of the rule of law. 1115 01:20:40,742 --> 01:20:44,485 It was intended to sermonize to third world countries what they had to do, and what he 1116 01:20:44,480 --> 01:20:46,828 warned was that the way that you 1117 01:20:46,942 --> 01:20:50,685 become a country not living under the rule of law, the hallmark of a country that 1118 01:20:50,680 --> 01:20:53,200 fails to live under the rule of law - that is lawless - 1119 01:20:53,457 --> 01:20:58,085 is that: "the ruling elite's tendency to act extralegally 1120 01:20:58,171 --> 01:21:02,057 wherever legal systems remain captives of the powers that beโ€œ, 1121 01:21:02,050 --> 01:21:04,857 and he said that the most crucial challenge for a country 1122 01:21:04,942 --> 01:21:08,628 that is lawless, to become one that lives under the rule of law is that: 1123 01:21:08,742 --> 01:21:13,714 "Elites in the country must give up the habit of placing themselves above the law." 1124 01:21:13,714 --> 01:21:15,710 That was the defining requirement. 1125 01:21:15,771 --> 01:21:19,400 The idea that there is nobody above the law or below the law, that 1126 01:21:19,485 --> 01:21:22,085 even when our highest ranking political officials 1127 01:21:22,228 --> 01:21:25,485 get caught breaking the law, that they are subject to same set of 1128 01:21:25,480 --> 01:21:29,942 punishments and investigations and scrutiny and accountability, 1129 01:21:29,940 --> 01:21:32,114 as the most powerless American, 1130 01:21:32,110 --> 01:21:35,571 but that is literally not a principle that we apply any longer 1131 01:21:35,714 --> 01:21:38,228 to the leading members of our political class. 1132 01:21:38,220 --> 01:21:41,314 The idea that people should be prosecuted when they commit crimes 1133 01:21:41,310 --> 01:21:43,571 using the power that we vest with them in office 1134 01:21:43,570 --> 01:21:46,371 is the idea that is considered radical and fringe, 1135 01:21:46,370 --> 01:21:49,971 not the other way around. It's the immunity that is truly radical, 1136 01:21:50,114 --> 01:21:54,342 but it's the idea that we should hold them accountable on equal terms that is now considered 1137 01:21:54,340 --> 01:21:56,542 to be the extremist position. 1138 01:21:56,540 --> 01:21:58,028 "And the Emmy 1139 01:22:00,771 --> 01:22:02,457 goes to... 1140 01:22:07,771 --> 01:22:10,400 The Sopranos!" 1141 01:22:13,771 --> 01:22:16,685 "You know, in essence, this is a story about a gangster. 1142 01:22:17,028 --> 01:22:19,771 And gangsters are out there taking their kids to college 1143 01:22:19,914 --> 01:22:21,628 and taking their kids to school 1144 01:22:21,800 --> 01:22:23,342 and putting food on their table, 1145 01:22:23,542 --> 01:22:27,342 and hell, let's face it: if the world, and this nation was run by gangsters... 1146 01:22:29,142 --> 01:22:32,400 well, maybe it is, I don't know." (laughter) 107047

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