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"The director was
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interested in
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the ability to go to an existing, as he put it,
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off the shelf, self-sustaining, stand-alone entity
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that could perform certain activities on behalf of the US.
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"Are you not shocked
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that the Director of Central Intelligence
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is proposing to you the creation of an organization
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to do these kinds of things outside of his own organization?"
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"Council, I can tell you, I am not shocked."
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They called it "Iran Contra."
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For many Americans, it provided their first peak behind the curtain of the National Security state.
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Others were old enough to remember similar scandals.
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"I believe Congress set up the FBI to determine what was going on in this country, didn't it?"
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"Among other things, Mr. Chairman."
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"It set up the CIA to determine what was going on
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in respect to foreign intelligence, didn't it?"
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"Yes, sir, and a number of others."
"But it didn't set up the Plumbers, did it?"
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"Of course, the Congress doesn't do everything, Mr. Chairman."
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"No, but the Congress is all in one that's got legislative power
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and I don't know anything, any law that gave the president the power to set himself up,
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what some people have called a secret police, name of the Plumbers."
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Perhaps the most important investigation into America's burgeoning secret government was the Church Committee.
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In 1975 and 1976
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it published 14 reports on US intelligence agencies.
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"You were specifically asked about shellfish toxins and shellfish poisons.
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You say it's inconceivable
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the secret intelligence arm of the government
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has to comply with all the overt orders of the government.
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Is that an accurate quote, or not an accurate quote?"
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"Well, if it's accurate, it shouldn't have been said."
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"Well, now, I... (laughter)
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looks like we're on plausible denial again, is all I can say here, Mr. Chairman."
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"Quite a lot of detailed information
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and we will
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evaluate it and we will include any
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evidence of wrongdoing
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or any evidence of impropriety
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in our final report and make recommendations."
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Whatever the intentions of the committee, very little changed.
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By the mid 1980s, it became apparent that the intelligence bureaucracy
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had not been reigned in by the Church Committee.
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Rather, like a black flower in the dark, it had blossomed.
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"They did all this in the dark because it would never stand the light of day.
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Secrecy is the freedom zealots dream of,
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no watchmen to check the door, no accountant to check the books,
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no judge to check the law.
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The secret government has no constitution.
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The rules it follows are the rules it makes up.
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So William Kacey could dream that the enterprise might take on a life of its own,
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permanent and wholly unaccountable."
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The Iran Contra scandal revolved around the illegal sale of arms to Iran
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and the equally illegal funding of the Nicaragua Contras.
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Under the Boland Amendment, funding of the Contras had been prohibited by Congress.
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"Am I correct, Mr. Secord, that from December, 1984 until July, 1985
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you were engaged in selling arms to the Contras for profit?"
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"That's correct."
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Prior to the rise of the Sandinistas,
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members of the same family had ruled Nicaragua for over 40 years.
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The Somoza clan had monopolized almost every industry in the country,
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stealing millions from their own people.
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When Anastasio Somoza the 2nd,
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was finally overthrown and fled to Miami,
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a US intelligence report placed his net worth
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at nearly 100 million dollars.
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Anastasio had been a particularly sadistic ruler.
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One of his favorite methods of execution
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was to throw dissidents from helicopters into the Masaya volcano.
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In 1979, the people revolted.
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The Sandinistas undertook radical reforms.
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They established the first public education system for children,
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building thousands of schools and playgrounds.
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They cut illiteracy to less than 10% of the population.
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They cut infant mortality by a third.
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They established the national health service.
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They abolished the death penalty.
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They allowed the development of independent cooperatives,
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increasing food production by over 100%
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and they enjoyed the support of the vast majority of Nicaragua's people.
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This revolution was not made by a proletariat part.
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It was produced by a popular insurrection. Everybody took part in the
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destruction of the dictatorship.
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This is not a political party, is a front who made the revolution,
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and you have in this front different parties: the socialist party,
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the christian-democratic party, the liberals, the conservatives,
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all of them took part in this insurrection.
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The Christians, [at] the same time with Marxists, took part in this insurrection.
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The Church - many priests and nuns supported the insurrection, even fought in the insurrection.
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After a study of 76 developing countries, Oxfam stated that Nicaragua
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was exceptional in the strength of that government's commitment
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to improving the condition of the people
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and encouraging their act of participation in the development process.
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But it was not to last.
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Fearing that the Sandinista model may spread to other countries,
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former Treasury secretary George Shultz called the Sandinistas:
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Trained in neighboring Honduras, as well as back home in Florida, the Contras would unleash a reign of terror on the people of Nicaragua.
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They focused heavily on economic targets.
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Missions included the blowing up of oil pipelines,
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the illegal mining of Nicaraguan ports,
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the burning and bombing of green silos, farmhouses and machinery
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and numerous other wanton attacks.
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It is possible that the Nicaraguan people may have been able to withstand these assaults,
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but the brutality of the Contras took its toll.
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"So I guess, in a way, they are counter-revolutionary and God bless them for being that way.
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And I guess that makes them Contras, and
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so it makes me a Contra too.
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As long as there is breath in this body,
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I will speak and work, strive and struggle
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for the cause of the Nicaraguan freedom fighters.
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A later congressional intelligence committee
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revealed that the Contras had raped, tortured and killed
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unarmed civilians, including children,
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and that groups of civilians, including women and children
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were burned, dismembered, blinded and beheaded.
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There was an election here in Nicaragua in 1984, I think most people have probably forgotten that
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because there was some brilliant piece of agenda
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setting up in Washington, whereby they suddenly
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decided that the Sandinistas
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were getting MiGs into the country,
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and although the entire press corps down here knew that this wasn't true,
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but because it had been announced in Washington we were all obliged
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by our foreign editors and our news desks to go running up to the port
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and investigate the arrival of these mythical and non-existent MiGs,
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and the whole election coverage was abandoned.
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So everybody had covered the entire campaign,
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but everybody ceased to cover the election itself
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because Washington very cleverly changed the issue
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from the issue of democracy in Nicaragua
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to the issue of national security."
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"The US has circumstantial evidence
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suggesting that as many as a dozen Soviet MiG 21 jets
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may have arrived today at the Nicaraguan port of Corinto."
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If the most immediate goal of the Reagan administration
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was to topple the government of Nicaragua,
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the details of their destabilization campaign were equally alarming.
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Testimony would reveal a network of criminal enterprises involving drug traffickers,
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money launderers, organized crime figures and death squads,
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all working in concert with America's secret government.
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Independent journalist Danny Casolaro, who allegedly commited suicide
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during an investigation into Iran-Contra and related scandals
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described this network as "The Octopus".
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Authorities are investigating the mysterious death of a journalist
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and possible connections to the BCCI bank scandal
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and the weapons for Iran case.
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Wyatt Andrews tells us that puzzling tale:
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Freelance journalist Danny Casolaro told friends he was onto the political conspiracy of the century.
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He was meeting a source in West Virginia. He was about to discover all.
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Instead, his body was discovered in a hotel room with 12 slashes in his wrist,
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but when the local authorities ruled it suicide, the family said: 'No way!'
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The housekeeper had taken calls threatening his life.
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"I picked up [the] telephone. I said hello,
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and he say to me:
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'You son of a bitch, you is dead.' "
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Despite that sounding straight from the movies, the medical examiner today
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held to the suicide finding saying Casolaro, apparently, was alone.
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"There were no other contusions, lacerations or other trauma to the body that would indicate a struggle."
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"In my heart I remember Danny telling us:
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'If I'm in an accident, don't believe it.' "
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Casolaro was probing a conspiracy he called The Octopus
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which involved the Iranian hostage crisis, the Iran-Contra affair,
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with, believe it or not, all funds channeled through BCCI,
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the international bank charged with everything, from money laundering to fraud.
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The common thread within Octopus is the infamous Inslaw affair,
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when a court ruled the Reagan Justice Department stole
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valuable law-enforcement software from the Inslaw Corporation.
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Casolaro's theory is that right-wing zealots sold the software for profit.
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The money went to Iranian officials who supposedly delayed the release of the American hostages
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back in 1981, the so called 'October surprise',
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and later went to the back-channel funding of the Contras.
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"What about all the papers he had with him,
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the investigation he was doing? And the sergeant was clearly...
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really didn't have any idea about this,
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and at that point told me they found no papers in his room."
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The papers Casolaro had with him in Martinsburg
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included hundreds of notes and documents
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from more than a year of investigation.
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Not one has ever been found.
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"From the moment we heard about his reported suicide, we doubted it, questioned it, wondered about it.
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It was not his nature to kill himself, so we were suspicious from the first,
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and the deeper we dug into it, the more suspicious we became.
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Suspicious circumstances surrounding the investigation of his alleged suicide."
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Danny Casolaro's fear of blood tests, another minor medical procedure, was well known to his family.
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They found it incomprehensible that he committed suicide
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by slashing his wrists a dozen times.
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Just days before his death, Danny Casolaro enthusiastically told friends
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he was close to breaking the story that had consumed him the past year.
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It has started as an inquiry into computer software theft,
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but soon mushroomed into a broad investigation of government corruption,
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that Casolaro believed implicated US Justice Department officials."
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The deep state is much easier to define in a country like Turkey,
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where in addition to the regular government,
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there is a concealed apparatus which unites
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the intelligence networks with
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drug mafias and other people capable of carrying out killings.
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In America it's more complicated,
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I would say that America use of term deep state to refer to
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that whole complex of ways in which
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power is exerted off-camera by people who are not elected, who are not part of the
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Constitution or the bureaucracy, but have real power
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and assert themselves from time to time in American politics.
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This is, or was, the section where Phoenix City's principal industry flourished and gave employment to a part of the town's citizens.
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Some worked in factories like this one, making the industry's tools.
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Dice, shaved by skilled hands or loaded with mercury.
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Slot machines rigged to pay off one cent on a dollar, if at all.
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Whiskey that looked like bonded stuff, but wasn't.
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Cards marked with tiny pin-breaks or trims so the dealers could recognize the aces and face cards.
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Tools of an industry that flourished for half a century, because the good men looked the other way.
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An industry run by men I went to school with,
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their fathers ran it,
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and their fathers' fathers before them.
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An industry that made Pheonix City the most vicious town in the US.
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That industry was VICE.
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The old Italian mafiosi that came here,
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were part of what they considered a societa honorata,
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and they didn't believe in prostitution or drugs,
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you know, they didn't mind breaking your leg over a loan,
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or loan sharking or gambling,
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but they had certain crimes they wouldn't participate in, they thought were beyond the pale.
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There was a night in the 30s,
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that was called The night of the Italian vespers, and about
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30 top,
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old mafia dons were murdered the same night.
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The FBI knew that something was coming because โLuckyโ Luciano bought a thousand dollars worth of flowers the day before.
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They killed all these old mafia and then they created a new, more cross-ethnic
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mafia that rose under Luciano and Meyer Lansky
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and included the Jewish mob and had
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other connections to international money.
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The old mob was useful to that point
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and more aligned with the FBI,
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and Hoover said that there was no such thing as organized crime,
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and so never pursued the mob.
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He liked to gamble on horses and he and Clyde Tolson would go to
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Del Mar, the mob-owned race tracks, and they'd put him up
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and give him free gambling money, in the same way that Nixon was taken by the Florida mob
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down to gamble in Cuba before the rise of Castro.
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"Derby day in old Kentucky, and Churchill Downs is a mecca for 60,000 race fans.
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And here's head G-man J. Edgar Hoover with a last-minute tip for dam (?)."
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And they befriend people, and surround people in political circles,
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help them get into office so that they could have some political influence,
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but during WWII, the Office of Naval Intelligence
241
00:17:58,940 --> 00:18:00,880
made deals with Lucky Luciano
242
00:18:01,110 --> 00:18:05,570
to supposedly protect the docks of New York from German saboteurs,
243
00:18:05,770 --> 00:18:08,800
since the mob was in control of the labor in the docks.
244
00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:12,280
The mafia then also
245
00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:15,680
was assisted by Patton, general Patton
246
00:18:15,820 --> 00:18:19,170
who came in to Italy and got the foothold in Italy
247
00:18:19,370 --> 00:18:22,510
by coming up into the mountains instead of going down into the cities.
248
00:18:22,650 --> 00:18:23,850
"I want you to remember
249
00:18:26,020 --> 00:18:29,370
that no bastard ever won a war
250
00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:32,770
by dying for his country.
251
00:18:33,080 --> 00:18:33,970
You won it
252
00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:39,800
by making the other poor, dumb bastard die for his country."
253
00:18:41,540 --> 00:18:44,170
"This is Patton: a salute to a rebel,
254
00:18:44,510 --> 00:18:49,000
a man whom the New York Times described in an editorial two days after his death
255
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:52,250
as a legend, spectacular, swaggerant,
256
00:18:52,420 --> 00:18:56,400
pistol-packing, deeply religious and violently profane.
257
00:18:56,680 --> 00:19:00,200
A strange combination of fire and ice."
258
00:19:02,050 --> 00:19:05,080
Mussolini had regarded the mafia as a rival.
259
00:19:05,510 --> 00:19:09,600
He had broken up crime syndicates and imprisoned or executed mob bosses.
260
00:19:11,450 --> 00:19:15,400
Leaders in the US and Britain took a more nuanced approach.
261
00:19:16,250 --> 00:19:19,800
Cities were controlled by Mussolini who had chased the old mob
262
00:19:20,110 --> 00:19:22,970
and the mafia up into the hills. So,
263
00:19:23,050 --> 00:19:25,200
Patton attacked through the mountain (?)
264
00:19:25,450 --> 00:19:27,940
and he brought with him a scarf
265
00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:30,740
with double L on it from Lucky Luciano
266
00:19:30,910 --> 00:19:35,680
as a symbol to Don Calogero Vizzini, who was the head of the Italian mobs
267
00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:38,310
and the don of the dons at the time,
268
00:19:38,310 --> 00:19:42,140
for his credentials, and then Vizzini rode in the tank with him into these
269
00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:45,910
cheering cities of mafia-controlled elements in Italy
270
00:19:45,910 --> 00:19:48,880
who wanted revenge against Mussolini.
271
00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:52,370
300 miles they penetrated without hardly any opposition,
272
00:19:52,370 --> 00:19:56,880
and Keefauver, who later studied organized crime here in the US
273
00:19:56,880 --> 00:19:59,000
and had hearings about it, had a special hearing
274
00:19:59,080 --> 00:20:03,540
to try to figure out what Patton had done and unearthed some of this information
275
00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:05,400
at the time.
276
00:20:05,510 --> 00:20:10,110
After that, Patton's 3rd army was called โLucky Forwardโ after Lucky Luciano.
277
00:20:11,650 --> 00:20:14,740
Under the guise of being the victims of fascism,
278
00:20:14,740 --> 00:20:18,110
mafia hit-men are released from Italian prisons.
279
00:20:19,940 --> 00:20:24,000
Mafia chiefs replaced fascist mayors in Sicilian towns.
280
00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:30,650
All of this, thanks to Lucky Luciano and his negotiations with the US government,
281
00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:33,420
but the deal has a price tag.
282
00:20:35,050 --> 00:20:38,770
By using the mafia in war time, the US government
283
00:20:38,770 --> 00:20:42,570
helped re-establish the syndicate as a major criminal force,
284
00:20:43,020 --> 00:20:47,170
a force that will plague America for decades to come.
285
00:20:51,110 --> 00:20:53,820
Yet the relationship between the intelligence agencies
286
00:20:53,820 --> 00:20:56,620
and organized crime would not stop there.
287
00:20:57,910 --> 00:20:59,740
On both sides of the Atlantic,
288
00:20:59,940 --> 00:21:04,400
the Mob proved to be a valuable tool in attacking and corrupting labor unions.
289
00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:30,570
Corsica and Marseille*, these two islands in Italy, [see appendix]
290
00:21:30,570 --> 00:21:32,510
they had connections with the Mob.
291
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:35,310
There was a chance after WWII because,
292
00:21:35,310 --> 00:21:37,650
if you studied the actual resistance to Hitler
293
00:21:37,820 --> 00:21:40,600
and the underground resistance in WWII
294
00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:42,140
in both those countries,
295
00:21:42,170 --> 00:21:45,310
it was led primarily by the communists and the left.
296
00:21:45,740 --> 00:21:48,850
So, they were the ones that drove Hitler out but the US
297
00:21:49,050 --> 00:21:52,770
in the new Cold War mentality that the Nazis helped give them,
298
00:21:52,850 --> 00:21:55,450
didn't want them to rise to power politically
299
00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:58,140
in those countries, or want communism to spread. So,
300
00:21:58,450 --> 00:22:00,770
they then enlisted the mob
301
00:22:01,050 --> 00:22:03,970
โ Naval Intelligence again, and then early OSS,
302
00:22:04,220 --> 00:22:06,910
Brown, Lovestone, labor organizers -
303
00:22:06,910 --> 00:22:09,020
enlisted the mob to break the backs
304
00:22:09,340 --> 00:22:14,080
of the unions in Marseille.
305
00:22:28,570 --> 00:22:31,050
The reason they broke the back of unions in Marseille
306
00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:34,620
was that they were actively opposing the French war in Indochina.
307
00:22:34,740 --> 00:22:38,250
"It might be rarely repeated here - there is no two Vietnams.
308
00:22:38,370 --> 00:22:40,110
There is only one Vietnam
309
00:22:40,110 --> 00:22:43,080
temporarily divided in Geneva in '54
310
00:22:43,080 --> 00:22:45,480
between a free zone with the North Vietnam
311
00:22:45,620 --> 00:22:47,110
and an occupied zone,
312
00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:51,740
occupied by the French, but now the French had still, after Geneva,
313
00:22:51,970 --> 00:22:54,170
the jurisdiction over south Vietnam
314
00:22:54,170 --> 00:22:56,970
because they could not hand it over to a regime that did not exist -
315
00:22:56,970 --> 00:22:59,570
it is not even mentioned in the Geneva agreement.
316
00:22:59,910 --> 00:23:02,770
The regime of Saigon is only a temporary one
317
00:23:03,420 --> 00:23:05,820
in waiting for election."
318
00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:11,170
"You ought to have sat with me on the Foreign Relations Committee in 1956,
319
00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:15,800
when our intelligence forces brought in their reports, warning
320
00:23:15,910 --> 00:23:20,820
that if the election called for by the Geneva Accords for July, 1956
321
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:24,250
were held, Ho Chi Minh would be elected president
322
00:23:24,250 --> 00:23:27,600
in South Vietnam by at least 80% of the vote.
323
00:23:28,020 --> 00:23:32,480
And our country that boasts about believing in self-determination
324
00:23:32,770 --> 00:23:36,450
used its power and its prestige and its influence,
325
00:23:36,770 --> 00:23:40,770
really to get our first puppet government under Diem
326
00:23:40,910 --> 00:23:45,400
not to cooperate in holding those elections โ that's just a matter of historic record."
327
00:23:45,420 --> 00:23:48,400
At the time, they were trying to stop
328
00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:52,080
the war opposition of the Unions and so, by breaking their back,
329
00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:56,000
they opened up Marseille to, and the docks there, to Mob control.
330
00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:57,880
They already had it in Corsica
331
00:23:57,880 --> 00:23:59,600
and so, then, that became the route
332
00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:02,940
for the heroin and the heroin profits to come down.
333
00:24:03,140 --> 00:24:05,970
That connection, or what was called The French Connection out of Marseille,
334
00:24:06,220 --> 00:24:08,770
dominated a new money
335
00:24:08,940 --> 00:24:13,540
in the organized crime sector and also included prostitution, drugs and other
336
00:24:13,710 --> 00:24:16,570
criminal activity that the old mob wouldn't participate in.
337
00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:11,200
"I'm not on."
338
00:25:11,940 --> 00:25:13,110
"What do you mean, you're not on?"
339
00:25:13,310 --> 00:25:15,820
"Just what I said. I'm not on, I don't take money."
340
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,910
"Some gag. Here." -
"No, I told you straight.
341
00:25:20,370 --> 00:25:22,820
I don't take money and that's the truth."
342
00:25:28,740 --> 00:25:31,310
This was Sicily in the mid 1980s.
343
00:25:32,020 --> 00:25:35,340
A gang war had broken out between competing mob bosses.
344
00:25:36,050 --> 00:25:39,170
In itself, this was not an unusual occurrence,
345
00:25:39,650 --> 00:25:42,110
but the body count was alarmingly high.
346
00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:45,620
Five corpses were being found every single day.
347
00:25:46,420 --> 00:25:48,020
Other patterns were emerging.
348
00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:52,400
Were once the bosses had sought, though frequently failed,
349
00:25:52,540 --> 00:25:54,420
to abide by a code of honor,
350
00:25:54,710 --> 00:25:58,620
the new gang wars involved the slaughter of women and children.
351
00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:05,140
The escalation in violence corresponded with an escalation in drug traffic.
352
00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:12,850
Billions of dollars were now involved.
353
00:26:18,250 --> 00:26:23,000
In 1992, after decades of increasingly violent rule by the mafia,
354
00:26:23,370 --> 00:26:27,110
Sicilians took to the streets to demand their government take action.
355
00:26:28,400 --> 00:26:32,910
The uprising was precipitated by the assassination of Giovanni Falcone,
356
00:26:33,050 --> 00:26:36,310
who had launched the largest prosecution of the mob in history,
357
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:39,620
only to be shut down by the Italian government.
358
00:26:41,740 --> 00:26:44,880
Finally, Italy's leaders responded.
359
00:26:45,310 --> 00:26:48,480
7,000 army troops were sent into Sicily
360
00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,480
and new anti-mafia legislation was passed.
361
00:26:52,510 --> 00:26:57,250
Government spokespersons declared that the war on the mafia had been won.
362
00:26:59,510 --> 00:27:01,820
This would soon prove to be an illusion.
363
00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:06,080
Though the Sicilian mafia had been temporarily beheaded,
364
00:27:06,310 --> 00:27:11,050
the same social conditions that had allowed the underworld to flourish, remained in place.
365
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:17,400
Like the hydra, the mythical creature that grows two heads when one is severed,
366
00:27:17,710 --> 00:27:20,770
the Mafia would emerge with new found strength.
367
00:27:25,370 --> 00:27:29,000
"Hear nothing. See nothing. Say nothing.
368
00:27:29,740 --> 00:27:32,710
Those three things will keep you alive."
369
00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:40,140
That is the code of Italy's most violent mafia, the Camorra,
370
00:27:42,020 --> 00:27:45,540
and this is where its grip is strongest: Naples,
371
00:27:45,540 --> 00:27:47,250
a city in the heart of Europe.
372
00:27:47,710 --> 00:27:49,880
Its brutality is notorious.
373
00:27:50,020 --> 00:27:52,680
It's killed more people than the IRA.
374
00:27:54,740 --> 00:27:58,770
"It stands for death, terror, trauma, blood and tears."
375
00:27:59,140 --> 00:28:03,450
But senior insiders, who have never spoken publicly before, tell me
376
00:28:03,450 --> 00:28:06,250
the power of Camorra clans is all pervasive.
377
00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:10,050
"Take away the word Naples and leave the word Camorra.
378
00:28:10,280 --> 00:28:12,570
It's the city of the Camorra."
379
00:28:12,850 --> 00:28:16,680
This organized crime syndicate rakes in billions by poisoning
380
00:28:16,740 --> 00:28:19,340
its own backyard with toxic waste,
381
00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:24,400
and the Camorra has poluted politics in Naples.
382
00:28:24,770 --> 00:28:28,600
"It used to be that the Camorrista would knock on the politician's door for favors,
383
00:28:28,940 --> 00:28:32,340
today, in this city, it's the politician who needs the Camorrista."
384
00:28:33,020 --> 00:28:37,250
The Camorra has more blood on its hands than Sicily's infamous mafia.
385
00:28:39,910 --> 00:28:42,400
What will it take to stop it?
386
00:29:02,110 --> 00:29:05,570
But there was more disturbing news in the fall of 1993
387
00:29:05,820 --> 00:29:10,140
when a report revealed that government itself may have been running drugs.
388
00:29:10,970 --> 00:29:13,850
The head of the DEA at the time, Robert Bonner,
389
00:29:14,050 --> 00:29:18,370
said that a ton of pure cocaine worth hundreds of millions of dollars
390
00:29:18,850 --> 00:29:21,370
had been smuggled into the US.
391
00:29:21,770 --> 00:29:23,480
He blamed the CIA,
392
00:29:23,650 --> 00:29:27,450
saying the agency had joined the Venezuelan National Guard
393
00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:28,770
in drug smuggling.
394
00:29:29,050 --> 00:29:31,650
"Let me understand what you're saying: a ton of cocaine
395
00:29:32,050 --> 00:29:34,570
was smuggled into the USA,
396
00:29:35,370 --> 00:29:37,850
by the Venezuelan National Guard
397
00:29:38,280 --> 00:29:40,970
in cooperation with the CIA?"
398
00:29:41,710 --> 00:29:45,170
"That's exactly what appears to have happened."
399
00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,110
Former DEA agent Levine said that
400
00:29:48,140 --> 00:29:51,310
equally shocking was the fact that for more than 30 years
401
00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:55,110
the federal government had protected some drug dealers.
402
00:29:55,480 --> 00:29:57,880
"As officers in the narcotic war,
403
00:29:58,220 --> 00:30:01,020
we saw the political choice made
404
00:30:01,250 --> 00:30:02,710
up-close and personal."
405
00:30:03,280 --> 00:30:06,450
One example, Levine said, was during the Nixon administration
406
00:30:06,450 --> 00:30:09,420
when he was about to bust a major source of heroin.
407
00:30:09,770 --> 00:30:13,050
"I was stopped, stopped cold, because that source
408
00:30:13,050 --> 00:30:15,140
were our allies in the Vietnam war."
409
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:18,310
Levine said this was not an isolated incident,
410
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,970
that it had happened many times in his 25-year career.
411
00:30:21,970 --> 00:30:24,000
"If it was a question of
412
00:30:24,220 --> 00:30:26,370
supporting people who supported our
413
00:30:26,450 --> 00:30:29,680
economic and political philosophies in other parts of the world,
414
00:30:29,940 --> 00:30:33,680
and they happened to be drug dealers โ as most of them are โ
415
00:30:34,140 --> 00:30:36,620
we supported them and we protected them.
416
00:30:46,220 --> 00:30:49,940
It's very hard to point to an area of the world where you have
417
00:30:49,940 --> 00:30:53,170
major drug trafficking, where the CIA
418
00:30:53,170 --> 00:30:55,110
has not been a factor
419
00:30:55,370 --> 00:30:59,570
in allowing that drug trade to prosper
420
00:30:59,710 --> 00:31:01,740
because of the protection
421
00:31:01,940 --> 00:31:04,680
which they conferred upon their assets.
422
00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:07,770
The CIA, in trying to
423
00:31:08,420 --> 00:31:12,370
create an anti-communist presence in Southeast Asia,
424
00:31:12,370 --> 00:31:16,200
they were very worried, especially after China went communist.
425
00:31:16,510 --> 00:31:19,710
The CIA built up what was left of
426
00:31:19,710 --> 00:31:22,220
Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang, which
427
00:31:22,220 --> 00:31:25,600
always had financed itself by the drug traffic
428
00:31:26,220 --> 00:31:33,250
and, starting officially in the year 1951,
429
00:31:33,510 --> 00:31:36,050
the CIA's 'Operation Paper'
430
00:31:36,620 --> 00:31:38,820
started supplying arms and
431
00:31:38,820 --> 00:31:41,620
other material assistance to
432
00:31:41,820 --> 00:31:46,710
a group of KMT former soldiers in Burma,
433
00:31:47,050 --> 00:31:49,850
whose main activity was controlling the
434
00:31:49,850 --> 00:31:53,770
drug traffic there and exporting drugs out of Burma,
435
00:31:53,970 --> 00:31:58,420
mostly through Thailand to Hong Kong,
436
00:31:58,420 --> 00:32:01,400
to Taiwan and, eventually, to the US.
437
00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:05,340
This grew with time and came to support a whole
438
00:32:05,850 --> 00:32:10,420
CIA private army in Thailand, which was then used to
439
00:32:10,740 --> 00:32:13,620
stir up war in Laos, and really is a
440
00:32:13,620 --> 00:32:19,450
neglected factor in the origins of the Vietnam War, the American Vietnam War.
441
00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:31,020
The CIA began going into Afghanistan
442
00:32:31,420 --> 00:32:36,740
after the communists seized power there in 1978.
443
00:32:36,940 --> 00:32:40,880
They actually were in there a bit before and may have helped, by their
444
00:32:40,940 --> 00:32:44,800
sport of the right, to have precipitated that communist coup,
445
00:32:45,250 --> 00:32:49,080
but, in a big way the CIA became involved in
446
00:32:49,620 --> 00:32:53,940
Afghanistan after December, 1979.
447
00:32:57,880 --> 00:33:00,250
US National Security Adviser, Brzezinski
448
00:33:00,250 --> 00:33:03,420
flew to Pakistan, to set about rallying resistance.
449
00:33:03,940 --> 00:33:07,710
He wanted to arm the Mujahideen without revealing America's role.
450
00:33:08,680 --> 00:33:10,940
On the Afghan border near the Khyber Pass,
451
00:33:11,110 --> 00:33:13,970
he urged the 'Soldiers of God' to re-double their efforts.
452
00:33:14,650 --> 00:33:18,050
"We know of their deep belief in God
453
00:33:18,250 --> 00:33:21,420
and we are confident that their struggle will succeed."
454
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,850
The CIA support went not to the
455
00:33:25,850 --> 00:33:28,220
general Afghan resistance,
456
00:33:28,450 --> 00:33:33,110
but to those parts of the Afghan resistance which were trusted by the
457
00:33:33,420 --> 00:33:36,250
Saudis, and above all, by Pakistan.
458
00:33:36,510 --> 00:33:39,450
And Pakistan was frightened of a genuinely
459
00:33:39,450 --> 00:33:42,420
popular resistance movement, because
460
00:33:42,740 --> 00:33:45,540
they, most of the resistance,
461
00:33:45,540 --> 00:33:49,000
didn't like the Durand Line, which was the official frontier
462
00:33:49,050 --> 00:33:51,880
between Pakistan and Afghanistan,
463
00:33:51,880 --> 00:33:55,400
and which divides Pashtun people and even
464
00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:58,110
divides tribes and families.
465
00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:03,420
So, all the aid went to those people who would recognize the Durand Line
466
00:34:03,820 --> 00:34:07,540
and these were mostly proteges of the
467
00:34:07,540 --> 00:34:11,600
Pakistani intelligence service, the ISI,
468
00:34:12,710 --> 00:34:16,820
and who found a convenient situation to
469
00:34:16,820 --> 00:34:19,800
support themselves against the rest by
470
00:34:20,020 --> 00:34:23,340
getting involved in drug traffic. Not just moving drugs,
471
00:34:23,340 --> 00:34:26,910
but even developing heroin factories
472
00:34:27,310 --> 00:34:31,110
inside those parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan
473
00:34:31,110 --> 00:34:33,480
which were under ISI control.
474
00:34:33,510 --> 00:34:36,800
In the very early stages of US support
475
00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:40,220
for Afghanistan resistance,
476
00:34:40,420 --> 00:34:43,740
all that aid was channeled through a bank
477
00:34:43,740 --> 00:34:47,050
called the Bank of Credit and Commerce, International (BCCI).
478
00:34:47,370 --> 00:34:50,770
"To keep the authorities in the dark and prop up their empires,
479
00:34:50,770 --> 00:34:54,370
BCCI and Gulf set up an elaborate money-go-round.
480
00:34:54,820 --> 00:34:58,480
Depositors ranging from the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi to ordinary customers,
481
00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:01,020
put their money into BCCI accounts.
482
00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:04,220
But a secret route was needed to divert it to Gulf.
483
00:35:04,650 --> 00:35:09,450
To do this, Gulf set up dozens of shadow companies in places like Liberia and Panama,
484
00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:11,510
where ownership can be kept secret.
485
00:35:11,710 --> 00:35:14,570
These companies opened accounts with BCCI
486
00:35:14,570 --> 00:35:16,570
through which money started to flow.
487
00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:22,080
They recycled money between them and to other specially created Indian trading companies,
488
00:35:22,080 --> 00:35:24,820
so it looked as if real business was taking place.
489
00:35:25,220 --> 00:35:27,940
The shadow companies opened accounts in New York
490
00:35:28,080 --> 00:35:29,680
and channeled the money there.
491
00:35:29,800 --> 00:35:32,310
But these accounts were also controlled by Gulf.
492
00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:35,540
Gulf returned some of the money to BCCI,
493
00:35:35,680 --> 00:35:38,370
so it appeared BCCI was making profits.
494
00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:43,800
This was a bank which was getting rich by laundering drug money,
495
00:35:43,970 --> 00:35:47,370
had a direct stake in the drug trade,
496
00:35:47,370 --> 00:35:49,910
and actually may, according to some
497
00:35:51,020 --> 00:35:53,820
people who've written about it, had been involved,
498
00:35:53,820 --> 00:35:57,620
directly involved in the drug trade itself, as well as in
499
00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:01,220
creating balances for drug traffickers.
500
00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:05,250
From the very beginning, American aid
501
00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:07,820
was skewed away from,
502
00:36:07,940 --> 00:36:12,770
what an outsider would've said, were to be the obvious recipients of
503
00:36:12,770 --> 00:36:15,200
aid in Afghanistan and went to these
504
00:36:15,420 --> 00:36:21,450
two outside groups, Abu Sayyaf and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar,
505
00:36:21,650 --> 00:36:25,080
neither of whom had a very solid base in Afghanistan
506
00:36:25,220 --> 00:36:28,220
and both groups being involved in the drug traffic.
507
00:36:28,340 --> 00:36:33,020
It's a real tragedy that perhaps half of all US aid
508
00:36:33,020 --> 00:36:36,450
given to the Afghan resistance in the 1980s
509
00:36:36,770 --> 00:36:40,850
was given to this one man, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar,
510
00:36:41,110 --> 00:36:44,880
who at the time was the world's biggest drug trafficker.
511
00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:50,170
The CIA has to face the fact that wherever they have been active... I mean,
512
00:36:50,170 --> 00:36:53,450
the world's heroin today
513
00:36:53,680 --> 00:36:56,910
is coming from three countries,
514
00:36:56,910 --> 00:37:00,770
all of them countries where the CIA has been active,
515
00:37:00,880 --> 00:37:06,650
most of it in Afghanistan, which where we have been hyperactive recently with the world's
516
00:37:07,050 --> 00:37:09,110
largest CIA station,
517
00:37:09,250 --> 00:37:15,250
and it's worth mentioning that before the CIA went into Afghanistan in the late 1970s,
518
00:37:15,250 --> 00:37:19,570
Afghanistan had never been a factor in the world drug trade.
519
00:37:19,570 --> 00:37:23,480
There had been opium grown, but it was locally consumed.
520
00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:28,340
Afghanistan now produces, I think, 93% of the world's heroin.
521
00:37:28,880 --> 00:37:34,140
Before that, it was Indochina, and until America got out of Indochina,
522
00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:38,080
it was producing about 90% of the world's heroin, and
523
00:37:38,140 --> 00:37:41,570
the failure of the US media to
524
00:37:41,970 --> 00:37:48,420
note this very obvious correlation between CIA activity and drug production
525
00:37:48,600 --> 00:37:53,220
is one of the reasons that we have such a problem on our hands, because
526
00:37:53,450 --> 00:37:57,540
it's only a few of us who are - sort of,
527
00:37:57,710 --> 00:38:01,480
for this reason, denied access to the mainstream media -
528
00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:05,510
who keep pointing out the obvious: that there is a correlation between
529
00:38:05,710 --> 00:38:09,000
CIA activity and drug production.
530
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:11,170
The third area is Colombia.
531
00:38:11,170 --> 00:38:13,170
Little was known about BCCI
532
00:38:13,170 --> 00:38:15,770
until 6 of its top officers were arrested
533
00:38:15,880 --> 00:38:18,340
in Tampa in October of 1988
534
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:23,020
on charges of laundering drug money for Colombian cocaine bosses.
535
00:38:23,420 --> 00:38:25,420
The BCCI men were convicted
536
00:38:25,570 --> 00:38:27,880
and the bank itself, pleaded guilty.
537
00:38:28,220 --> 00:38:31,250
But for some reason, the bank was allowed to continue
538
00:38:31,250 --> 00:38:33,220
to operate all over the world,
539
00:38:33,510 --> 00:38:37,420
and investigators say US prosecutors failed to follow up
540
00:38:37,600 --> 00:38:40,970
on evidence of wide-spread corruption and other crimes
541
00:38:41,140 --> 00:38:44,370
that, this month, finally led to the bank being shut down.
542
00:38:44,480 --> 00:38:47,970
I don't want to say that we invented cocaine production there,
543
00:38:47,970 --> 00:38:50,510
but it has massively increased
544
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:55,340
since, it was originally 1962, I think, when,
545
00:38:55,740 --> 00:38:59,770
under Kennedy, the US were very concerned about Castro
546
00:38:59,770 --> 00:39:03,480
having taken over in Cuba, and frightened that he would export
547
00:39:03,770 --> 00:39:07,080
revolution to Latin America, and Colombia
548
00:39:07,110 --> 00:39:08,600
would be likely the ... (first?),
549
00:39:09,620 --> 00:39:12,710
the coastline that is closest to Cuba.
550
00:39:12,940 --> 00:39:18,340
So, they initiated an anti-communist program there,
551
00:39:18,620 --> 00:39:22,880
which was successful in creating only two things:
552
00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:25,480
first of all, a great escalation
553
00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:29,680
in the number of drug traffickers in Colombia,
554
00:39:29,680 --> 00:39:33,080
the amount of drugs produced in Colombia,
555
00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:35,540
but also in the amount of terrorism,
556
00:39:35,710 --> 00:39:39,420
because a lot of ordinary trade unionists...
557
00:39:39,420 --> 00:39:39,450
Once they had this CIA supported, anti-communist drive to deal with,
because a lot of ordinary trade unionists...
558
00:39:39,450 --> 00:39:44,510
Once they had this CIA supported, anti-communist drive to deal with,
559
00:39:44,510 --> 00:39:47,220
they decided that their only protection
560
00:39:47,220 --> 00:39:51,250
was to become a militant revolutionary movement. So, it was,
561
00:39:51,340 --> 00:39:54,250
I think, a disastrous move on two levels.
562
00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:57,820
Not just the drug level, but also the terrorism level.
563
00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:03,220
And now, in Colombia, terrorism and anti-terrorism
564
00:40:03,370 --> 00:40:06,770
is a drug-related industry on both sides.
565
00:40:06,970 --> 00:40:10,250
But specifically with Colombia, the closest ally - two allies, that
566
00:40:10,250 --> 00:40:14,540
the US has right now in Latin America is Mexico and Colombia.
567
00:40:14,650 --> 00:40:18,600
Colombia is the worst human rights violator in Latin America.
568
00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:22,540
Over 3,000 trade unionists have been murdered in the last 10 years,
569
00:40:22,970 --> 00:40:26,800
thousands of journalists have been murdered in the last few decades.
570
00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:30,200
The most dangerous place to be in the world if you are a trade unionist is Colombia.
571
00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:33,850
The most dangerous place to be in the world if you are a journalist is Colombia.
572
00:40:33,940 --> 00:40:37,450
Over 3 million people have been displaced from the land in Colombia
573
00:40:37,450 --> 00:40:41,000
by right-wing paramilitary units that then, once that land is displaced,
574
00:40:41,080 --> 00:40:45,140
turn that land over to trans-national corporations, to local planters and investors,
575
00:40:45,140 --> 00:40:48,740
to local capitalists, and so, Colombia is basically a terrorist regime.
576
00:40:48,740 --> 00:40:51,370
It's a terrorist state. It's a nightmare state
577
00:40:51,420 --> 00:40:54,970
for the poor majority and this is a state which the US is totally aligned with.
578
00:40:54,970 --> 00:40:57,170
So you might ask, why is that the case? Well,
579
00:40:57,370 --> 00:41:00,650
US strategy has been to use Colombia as a beachhead
580
00:41:00,770 --> 00:41:04,850
to try and gain, re-gain influence in Latin America.
581
00:41:05,110 --> 00:41:09,680
So, Obama comes in and says that Colombia is the best friend of the US.
582
00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:12,600
"And today president Santos and I reviewed our progress and,
583
00:41:12,740 --> 00:41:15,540
I'm pleased to say, reached agreement on several new initiatives.
584
00:41:17,080 --> 00:41:21,570
First, as has already been mentioned, we are moving ahead with our landmark trade agreement."
585
00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:25,620
Well, if what you mean by the US are the dominant system, the rulers in the US,
586
00:41:25,620 --> 00:41:28,800
Colombia is the best friend of the US. And
587
00:41:29,110 --> 00:41:32,650
what the US can do now is attempt to regain its influence by
588
00:41:32,650 --> 00:41:35,710
trying to beef up Colombia, strengthen Colombia and
589
00:41:35,740 --> 00:41:38,620
use Colombia as a staging point to counter the pink tide,
590
00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:42,370
or the US might come up with a more sophisticated
591
00:41:42,770 --> 00:41:44,370
strategy of accepting
592
00:41:44,850 --> 00:41:48,880
some type of reform in Latin America and accommodating itself to that reform.
593
00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:54,110
I think that's, seen from the viewpoint of the US political elite, that's the challenge that it faces.
594
00:42:03,170 --> 00:42:06,710
In 2010, the former head of death squads in Colombia,
595
00:42:06,850 --> 00:42:08,680
Juan Manuel Santos,
596
00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:11,340
claimed to have won the presidential election.
597
00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:16,280
Voter abstention was estimated at over 75%.
598
00:42:18,140 --> 00:42:22,740
Shortly before, the largest mass grave in Colombian history was discovered.
599
00:42:23,450 --> 00:42:26,740
Located just outside of an army base in La Macarena,
600
00:42:26,880 --> 00:42:30,450
it was revealed when children drinking from the nearby stream became ill
601
00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:33,820
from the toxic effects of decomposing flesh.
602
00:42:34,910 --> 00:42:40,200
An editorial in the NY Times described Santos as a role model for Latin America.
603
00:42:42,650 --> 00:42:46,050
Hundreds of bodies buried in unmarked graves.
604
00:42:46,850 --> 00:42:51,370
This cemetery in La Macarena has become president Alvaro Uribe's nightmare
605
00:42:51,420 --> 00:42:53,620
in his last days in office.
606
00:42:55,940 --> 00:42:59,140
La Macarena is located deep into the Colombian jungle
607
00:42:59,140 --> 00:43:01,620
in a place that was once controlled by the
608
00:43:01,620 --> 00:43:04,510
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC.
609
00:43:05,110 --> 00:43:10,000
Human rights groups claim that there could be up to 2,000 bodies buried here,
610
00:43:10,340 --> 00:43:13,820
right behind the largest Colombian military base in the area.
611
00:43:14,480 --> 00:43:17,540
The government claims the dead were guerrillas,
612
00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:21,080
but people in the area say many were innocent civilians.
613
00:43:21,200 --> 00:43:23,570
Raquel Benavidez certainly thinks so.
614
00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:28,450
She says her son was killed by the military and passed off as a guerrilla fighter.
615
00:43:28,740 --> 00:43:30,510
He was found in a mass grave.
616
00:43:34,200 --> 00:43:36,850
"They killed my son for holidays for some cash.
617
00:43:37,050 --> 00:43:40,570
They killed him so the government would get more money from abroad.
618
00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:43,880
I feel anger because my son was an educated person
619
00:43:43,880 --> 00:43:45,650
and he was the light of my eyes."
620
00:43:47,220 --> 00:43:50,370
The US government has been dogged by revelations that
621
00:43:50,370 --> 00:43:53,310
thousands of young poor men and women were killed
622
00:43:53,310 --> 00:43:55,310
to increase the combat body count
623
00:43:55,310 --> 00:43:57,280
and then presented as guerrillas.
624
00:43:57,280 --> 00:44:00,110
In exchange, their killers got rewards.
625
00:44:00,340 --> 00:44:04,370
People in the area say that most of the bodies that were buried here were brought
626
00:44:04,420 --> 00:44:07,280
by the Colombian military, and as you can see,
627
00:44:07,650 --> 00:44:10,340
they were buried in unmarked graves.
628
00:44:10,480 --> 00:44:16,080
This number is the number of the registry in the cemetery, and 2010 is the year they were killed.
629
00:44:16,820 --> 00:44:21,250
The president visited the area to reaffirm his support for Colombia's military.
630
00:44:21,370 --> 00:44:24,620
"In 1988, Martha Gomez's husband was murdered
631
00:44:24,620 --> 00:44:28,200
by an army death squad, masquerading as a paramilitary group.
632
00:44:28,740 --> 00:44:31,600
At the time, he worked in a local banana plantation,
633
00:44:31,740 --> 00:44:35,450
and the workers there were striking for better pay and conditions.
634
00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:39,340
When Martha's husband was ordered to break the strike, he refused,
635
00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:41,850
and the paramilitaries beat him to a pulp.
636
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:48,450
9 years later, Martha's parents and sister were also murdered by paramilitaries in the same town."
637
00:44:48,450 --> 00:44:50,450
"They have a way of killing.
638
00:44:50,820 --> 00:44:53,140
They cut their heads off.
639
00:44:53,540 --> 00:44:55,710
Many people were disemboweled
640
00:44:55,910 --> 00:44:58,000
and their innards thrown in the river.
641
00:44:58,740 --> 00:45:00,220
This is the way they do it.
642
00:45:01,200 --> 00:45:05,170
They are laying down the seeds of terror so people will respect them,
643
00:45:05,510 --> 00:45:07,310
listen to them and obey them."
644
00:45:10,740 --> 00:45:14,110
Without preceding with the horrors in Colombia, what's it all about?
645
00:45:14,310 --> 00:45:18,540
There is an official story, the one you know. It has to do with this so-called drug war.
646
00:45:18,850 --> 00:45:25,970
That's not taken seriously by any competent analyst, and that's no exaggeration.
647
00:45:25,970 --> 00:45:29,480
And there's some very good reasons for it. One reason is that
648
00:45:29,650 --> 00:45:34,140
narcotrafficking is part of the elite culture in Colombia.
649
00:45:34,140 --> 00:45:37,570
The sectors of the population to which the arms are going
650
00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:42,570
are up to their necks in narcotrafficking and that's, by no means, any secret.
651
00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:44,820
Furthermore, they are not being targeted.
652
00:45:45,050 --> 00:45:48,140
So all of the paramilitaries are right in the middle
653
00:45:48,140 --> 00:45:51,140
of the narcotrafficking system
654
00:45:51,420 --> 00:45:55,480
and are responsible for the overwhelming majority of the atrocities,
655
00:45:55,480 --> 00:45:59,570
up to 80% last year if you can believe the Colombian government.
656
00:45:59,850 --> 00:46:01,680
They're not being targeted.
657
00:46:01,820 --> 00:46:05,910
That's not where the fighting is gonna go, not to the territories that they control,
658
00:46:06,110 --> 00:46:07,340
and there's good reasons for that.
659
00:46:07,510 --> 00:46:11,310
They are basically the armies of the land-owners, the narcotraffickers,
660
00:46:11,310 --> 00:46:15,600
the, you know, oil companies and so on and so forth, you don't go after them.
661
00:46:16,020 --> 00:46:19,170
The Colombia Plan, Clinton's Colombia Plan
662
00:46:19,340 --> 00:46:23,620
is specifically directed against the areas that happen to be under guerrilla control.
663
00:46:51,570 --> 00:46:55,770
And it's in that framework that the drug production proceeds.
664
00:46:55,910 --> 00:47:01,250
There's a way to stop it. For example, you could allow commodity stabilization programs in the third world,
665
00:47:01,620 --> 00:47:05,310
you could provide a fraction of the money that's going for -
666
00:47:05,310 --> 00:47:08,310
to kill people - could be used to develop alternative crops.
667
00:47:08,570 --> 00:47:12,450
The socio-economic problems in Colombia, which are extremely severe,
668
00:47:12,850 --> 00:47:15,600
can be dealt with in several different ways.
669
00:47:15,770 --> 00:47:19,110
One way is to try to change the internal structure of the country.
670
00:47:19,370 --> 00:47:23,000
To follow programs that would, in fact, benefit the population,
671
00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:25,050
instead of oppressing them. That's one way.
672
00:47:25,220 --> 00:47:26,800
The other way is to go in and kill them.
673
00:47:27,400 --> 00:47:30,340
There's a further question, kind of lurking in the background,
674
00:47:30,370 --> 00:47:34,400
which is never raised but really ought to be. It's not a very profound question,
675
00:47:34,540 --> 00:47:38,310
and that is: what right do we have to do anything in Colombia?
676
00:47:38,310 --> 00:47:42,800
Wherever you declare a war on drugs, you get more drugs and not less drugs.
677
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:46,000
That's an absolute certain rule. And when in
678
00:47:46,250 --> 00:47:51,050
1990, I think, it was when the first president Bush
679
00:47:51,280 --> 00:47:57,620
declared war on drugs in Colombia, and I predicted publicly at a conference, I said:
680
00:47:57,850 --> 00:48:03,420
"We will see more drugs coming out of Colombia, now that we've declared war there."
681
00:48:03,420 --> 00:48:07,880
More planes going back and forth, more personnel going back and forth,
682
00:48:08,170 --> 00:48:14,280
and lo and behold, in ten years it was three times the amount of
683
00:48:14,510 --> 00:48:17,140
cocaine being produced in Colombia.
684
00:48:17,140 --> 00:48:20,140
"So you wonder why the US is continuing
685
00:48:20,140 --> 00:48:23,140
with the massive amount of aid to Colombia when
686
00:48:23,140 --> 00:48:25,600
none of the stated goals
687
00:48:25,600 --> 00:48:27,740
for Plan Colombia are being met?"
688
00:48:28,020 --> 00:48:31,400
"Are there any indications that they're re-thinking this aid
689
00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:34,200
now, upon this news, or
690
00:48:34,200 --> 00:48:37,680
with what you're saying, that they haven't made a lot of progress
691
00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:40,020
on the goals that they had in the country?"
692
00:48:40,020 --> 00:48:43,400
"Quite to the contrary, and I would say what this tells us is that
693
00:48:43,400 --> 00:48:46,310
the US actually didn't have these goals in the first place.
694
00:48:46,310 --> 00:48:50,910
The aid that they're bringing in includes seven new military bases,
695
00:48:50,910 --> 00:48:56,620
so there's a huge new influx of military aid to Colombia, rather than
696
00:48:56,620 --> 00:48:57,570
addressing the issues."
697
00:48:57,570 --> 00:49:00,770
There is a continuum of US hegemony
698
00:49:00,770 --> 00:49:03,450
in the Latin American continent, in the region.
699
00:49:03,450 --> 00:49:06,770
People in Latin America are pretty aware of this.
700
00:49:08,480 --> 00:49:12,710
When I go down to Chile, for example, and
701
00:49:13,140 --> 00:49:18,020
people talk about the war on drugs or
702
00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:22,170
the war against terror, people see the continuum
703
00:49:22,170 --> 00:49:26,880
โ a continuation of the same mechanisms of violence in order to -
704
00:49:26,970 --> 00:49:30,570
that are targeting, these mechanisms are targeting
705
00:49:30,570 --> 00:49:35,480
exactly the same population: the poor, indigenous peoples.
706
00:49:35,480 --> 00:49:39,140
It follows the same logic of the US
707
00:49:39,650 --> 00:49:42,970
doctrines of national security in the region.
708
00:49:42,970 --> 00:49:46,680
They are all part of the same ideology
709
00:49:46,970 --> 00:49:51,050
which is to demobilize those people
710
00:49:51,050 --> 00:49:56,220
who are mobilizing in order to achieve social justice. It's the same thing.
711
00:50:01,080 --> 00:50:06,220
According to Laura Carlson, the director of the program of the Center for International Policy,
712
00:50:06,510 --> 00:50:11,220
the drug war has become the major vehicle of militarization in Latin America,
713
00:50:11,450 --> 00:50:16,940
a way for the Pentagon to occupy and control countries at the expense of whole societies.
714
00:50:22,680 --> 00:50:29,620
South of the border, the drug war has claimed 47,000 lives between the years 2006 and 2012.
715
00:51:10,420 --> 00:51:15,710
The Iran-Contra affair of the 1980s was a,
716
00:51:16,400 --> 00:51:21,710
as far as the press was concerned โ they focused mostly on the fact that
717
00:51:23,880 --> 00:51:29,140
profits from selling arms to Iran, which was actually illegal under US law,
718
00:51:29,140 --> 00:51:32,880
but done by Oliver North for the White House,
719
00:51:33,540 --> 00:51:37,510
those profits had been used to support the Contras.
720
00:51:38,080 --> 00:51:43,080
The drug aspect of Iran-Contra is on the Contra side,
721
00:51:43,310 --> 00:51:47,370
partly because some of the Contras themselves were drug traffickers,
722
00:51:47,370 --> 00:51:51,280
particularly the original core who came out of
723
00:51:51,480 --> 00:51:54,480
Somoza's national guard in Nicaragua,
724
00:51:54,480 --> 00:52:01,680
which had used its privileged position to traffic in drugs back in the 70s before they were ousted.
725
00:52:02,020 --> 00:52:07,200
But on an even bigger level, which the press mostly missed,
726
00:52:07,340 --> 00:52:12,080
the big-time drug traffickers,
727
00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:20,740
the people who moved cocaine from, out of Colombia and through Central America up to the United States
728
00:52:20,740 --> 00:52:25,400
and had major planes for this, they all volunteered to support the Contras
729
00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:29,480
either by lending their aircraft to the movement of arms,
730
00:52:29,480 --> 00:52:34,220
or by direct financial subsidy of the Contras.
731
00:52:34,510 --> 00:52:40,650
So, the big drug aspect of Iran-Contra was not what the Contras themselves were doing,
732
00:52:40,650 --> 00:52:42,740
because they were mostly pretty small people,
733
00:52:43,140 --> 00:52:46,570
but it was what major drug traffickers in,
734
00:52:46,880 --> 00:52:53,710
particularly Mexico, in Honduras and in Colombia itself,
735
00:52:54,450 --> 00:52:59,570
what they were doing to buy themselves - become CIA immunity (?)
736
00:52:59,620 --> 00:53:04,000
by being useful to the Contras.
737
00:53:04,250 --> 00:53:08,110
So that the CIA and eventually even US State Department
738
00:53:08,370 --> 00:53:12,650
ended up giving official contracts for movements of supplies
739
00:53:12,650 --> 00:53:19,820
to airlines which the DEA had already recognized as being drug airlines.
740
00:53:22,450 --> 00:53:26,000
Someways, the whole pattern of how the drugs moved
741
00:53:26,000 --> 00:53:29,680
was based on the relationships of all of these
742
00:53:29,680 --> 00:53:32,480
various CIA clients had with each other.
743
00:53:32,770 --> 00:53:35,820
"And I oppose any diversion of funds,
744
00:53:36,370 --> 00:53:38,050
any ransom payments
745
00:53:38,200 --> 00:53:42,280
or any circumvention of the will of the Congress,
746
00:53:43,050 --> 00:53:44,850
the law of the USA."
747
00:53:44,940 --> 00:53:47,280
George Bush Sr. came to Guatemala
748
00:53:47,280 --> 00:53:49,850
on January 13th, 1986
749
00:53:50,370 --> 00:53:53,650
and he approached me and asked me what I did
750
00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:56,770
there at the US embassy, what my job description was,
751
00:53:56,770 --> 00:54:01,880
and I told him (?) DEA working (??)
international narcotics investigation,
752
00:54:01,880 --> 00:54:03,340
and I told him: "Look,
753
00:54:03,650 --> 00:54:08,510
we have gathered intelligence that the cartels are involved in drug trafficking down in El Salvador."
754
00:54:09,200 --> 00:54:12,740
Then he just smiled, shook my hand and walked away from me.
755
00:54:13,340 --> 00:54:17,340
It was then and there that I knew my government knew
756
00:54:17,650 --> 00:54:19,800
that these atrocities were occurring.
757
00:54:20,220 --> 00:54:22,710
We found a number of people in Florida
758
00:54:22,800 --> 00:54:24,600
that were helping the Contras,
759
00:54:24,770 --> 00:54:27,600
taking weapons, guns for drugs, they were involved
760
00:54:27,740 --> 00:54:30,050
in failed banks and savings and loans.
761
00:54:30,850 --> 00:54:35,820
One CIA gun-and-drug runner was a guy named Jack DeVoe,
762
00:54:36,050 --> 00:54:40,800
and DeVoe was actually bringing in his cocaine into the Ocean Reef club
763
00:54:40,970 --> 00:54:43,770
on Key Largo, that was owned by Carl Lindner,
764
00:54:43,940 --> 00:54:48,820
a Cincinnati businessman
- "Oh! He's very close to Bush!" -
765
00:54:48,820 --> 00:54:51,370
Very close to Bush. Bush would go down
766
00:54:51,600 --> 00:54:55,600
and actually vacation at the Ocean Reef club, there's a picture in my book
767
00:54:55,740 --> 00:54:58,770
of Bush in a fishing boat off Ocean Reef.
768
00:54:58,770 --> 00:55:01,710
This is where Jack DeVoe is bringing in his cocaine.
769
00:55:01,820 --> 00:55:05,820
And DeVoe was also taking guns down to Latin America for the CIA.
770
00:55:05,940 --> 00:55:07,310
"There's a new epidemic.
771
00:55:07,620 --> 00:55:09,250
Smokeable cocaine,
772
00:55:09,250 --> 00:55:11,000
otherwise known as crack."
773
00:55:11,200 --> 00:55:14,940
"Let there be no mistake. This stuff is poison."
774
00:55:15,050 --> 00:55:18,080
"Little kids doing drugs. It turns my stomach."
775
00:55:18,280 --> 00:55:19,480
"Don't mess with them."
776
00:55:19,600 --> 00:55:20,680
"Just say no!"
777
00:55:20,800 --> 00:55:23,450
Now, DeVoe's money launderer
778
00:55:23,570 --> 00:55:26,080
was a Miami attorney named Lawrence Freeman.
779
00:55:26,080 --> 00:55:31,220
Freeman had previously worked for Paul Helliwell, one of the founding fathers of the CIA,
780
00:55:31,340 --> 00:55:34,680
and also was laundering money for Santo Trafficante
781
00:55:34,770 --> 00:55:37,600
the Tampa, Florida mafia boss.
782
00:55:37,820 --> 00:55:41,770
Freeman drew up the documents, the sales contract
783
00:55:41,770 --> 00:55:45,600
for a 21,000 acre land deal in Florida Panhandle,
784
00:55:45,600 --> 00:55:49,800
that Hill Financial Savings, the one in Pennsylvania we previously talked about,
785
00:55:49,970 --> 00:55:52,680
and Vision Bank Savings in Kingsville, Texas
786
00:55:52,940 --> 00:55:56,080
that was owned by Walter Mischer's former son-in-law,
787
00:55:56,310 --> 00:55:58,970
financed, there we have Lawrence Freeman
788
00:55:59,220 --> 00:56:02,310
drawing up the papers that involved these people
789
00:56:02,310 --> 00:56:08,770
and he's, you know, closely connected to CIA, he'd been the in-house counsel for Castle Bank & Trust and NASA.
790
00:56:09,110 --> 00:56:12,800
A bank that was used by the mafia and the CIA to hide and launder money
791
00:56:12,800 --> 00:56:15,400
and was shut down when Paul Helliwell died.
792
00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:17,880
It appeared that many of these
793
00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:20,940
off-shore money laundering operations were moved,
794
00:56:21,110 --> 00:56:25,370
after Castle Bank failed and was shut down, to the Isle of Jersey.
795
00:56:25,600 --> 00:56:30,420
And Lawrence Freeman was laundering Jack DeVoe's drug money through the Isle of Jersey.
796
00:56:31,250 --> 00:56:34,970
Robert Corson, Mischer's former son-in-law and Mike Adkinson
797
00:56:35,020 --> 00:56:36,970
were laundering S&L money
798
00:56:37,280 --> 00:56:42,140
through the Isle of Jersey along with some people in Colorado that connect to Neil Bush.
799
00:56:42,540 --> 00:56:44,940
All were using the same, the same trust,
800
00:56:45,220 --> 00:56:48,080
the same trust in the Isle of Jersey - we're getting drug money
801
00:56:48,250 --> 00:56:52,450
and S&L money and they were mixed in in the same bank accounts.
802
01:00:37,110 --> 01:00:39,000
America โ land of the free?
803
01:00:39,200 --> 01:00:43,570
Not when one out of a hundred Americans are currently incarcerated in either jail or prison,
804
01:00:43,800 --> 01:00:47,880
making America the country with the highest incarceration rates in the entire world.
805
01:00:48,170 --> 01:00:53,200
The US has only 5% of the population, but holds ยผ of the world's prisoners.
806
01:00:53,510 --> 01:00:57,600
Even more disturbing than the rates of the imprisoned is the privatization of the industry.
807
01:00:58,020 --> 01:01:02,940
The expanding prison-industrial complex has a vested interest in keeping people locked up.
808
01:01:03,510 --> 01:01:06,620
Just like the security industry's growing lobbying efforts to implement
809
01:01:06,620 --> 01:01:06,650
harsher security legislation that would implement their products,
Just like the security industry's growing lobbying efforts to implement
810
01:01:06,650 --> 01:01:09,650
harsher security legislation that would implement their products,
811
01:01:09,970 --> 01:01:12,850
there's a growing trend of private prisons.
812
01:01:13,050 --> 01:01:18,140
The prison-industrial complex, which has grown 350% over the last 15 years
813
01:01:18,370 --> 01:01:20,570
has been lobbying Congress hard
814
01:01:20,650 --> 01:01:23,570
to pass legislation that would imprison more people.
815
01:01:23,970 --> 01:01:27,340
Now, the private prison industry is by no means a new story,
816
01:01:27,620 --> 01:01:30,680
but the growing number of companies reporting record profits
817
01:01:30,680 --> 01:01:32,880
by means of locking people up, is.
818
01:01:33,340 --> 01:01:37,650
Wells Fargo, you know, that bank that received a cool $37 million
819
01:01:37,650 --> 01:01:40,250
from the US government's taxpayer-funded bailouts,
820
01:01:40,450 --> 01:01:43,880
is also the main investor in 4 private prisons.
821
01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:45,080
That's right.
822
01:01:45,420 --> 01:01:49,940
The people that, some say, should be behind bars, are the ones profiting of locking people up.
823
01:01:50,400 --> 01:01:53,910
Is this just an ironic twist, or is it good business practice?
824
01:01:54,110 --> 01:01:57,370
Earlier, I was joined by Russ Baker, founder and editor-in-chief
825
01:01:57,370 --> 01:01:59,250
of WhoWhatWhy.com
826
01:01:59,420 --> 01:02:01,880
and author of the book Family of Secrets.
827
01:02:02,170 --> 01:02:05,200
I asked him what sets the US apart from other nations and
828
01:02:05,200 --> 01:02:09,820
why are so many people behind bars in this country.
Here's what he had to say:
829
01:02:11,000 --> 01:02:15,450
"Right, Abby, what we're doing is we're looking for new excuses to lock people up.
830
01:02:15,510 --> 01:02:18,450
That figure you cited,
831
01:02:18,710 --> 01:02:21,800
1 out of a 100 is quite alarming but even more alarming
832
01:02:21,820 --> 01:02:25,170
is the figure of 6 million Americans
833
01:02:25,170 --> 01:02:29,800
who are under some form of supervision, either in prison,
834
01:02:29,800 --> 01:02:32,880
or they are in the parole-probation system.
835
01:02:32,880 --> 01:02:35,020
That is a staggering figure.
836
01:02:35,020 --> 01:02:37,450
The correct term to use would be gulag.
837
01:02:38,370 --> 01:02:43,680
What we're looking at is essentially the criminalization of extremely minor behavior,
838
01:02:43,680 --> 01:02:46,940
much of it victimless, coupled with
839
01:02:46,940 --> 01:02:50,370
severe and extremely harsh sentences,
840
01:02:50,370 --> 01:02:53,220
compounded by putting people,
841
01:02:53,220 --> 01:02:56,570
who really are not dangerous into very dangerous facilities,
842
01:02:56,570 --> 01:02:58,910
and turning them into hardened criminals.
843
01:03:05,280 --> 01:03:07,850
I certainly agree that prohibition
844
01:03:08,710 --> 01:03:12,480
increases drug trafficking, rather than diminishes it.
845
01:03:12,680 --> 01:03:15,570
What drives the drug trade is profit,
846
01:03:15,970 --> 01:03:22,480
and if the drug traffic is illegal, the profits are far higher than if it's legal.
847
01:03:22,850 --> 01:03:26,940
By now America has well launched into an era of amazing madness,
848
01:03:27,220 --> 01:03:30,050
bootlegging has grown from small individual effort,
849
01:03:30,200 --> 01:03:33,710
to big business embodying huge coalitions and combine.
850
01:03:34,250 --> 01:03:38,140
The chase after huge profits is followed closely by their inevitable partners:
851
01:03:38,480 --> 01:03:40,910
corruption, violence and murder.
852
01:03:41,370 --> 01:03:44,200
A new and horrible tool appears: the Tommy.
853
01:03:44,340 --> 01:03:46,850
A light, deadly, wasp-like machine-gun,
854
01:03:46,850 --> 01:03:50,220
and murder henceforth is parceled out in wholesale lots.
855
01:03:52,170 --> 01:03:55,170
Then, in the depth of the economic despair that has gripped the country,
856
01:03:55,310 --> 01:03:58,220
Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected president,
857
01:03:58,600 --> 01:04:01,600
partially on the basis of his promise to end prohibition.
858
01:04:02,200 --> 01:04:06,820
In New York City, thousands of jubilant citizens march in a great beer parade
859
01:04:06,820 --> 01:04:10,420
and shortly, 3.2 beer becomes legal.
860
01:04:10,420 --> 01:04:13,620
Finally comes the national referendum on repeal.
861
01:04:13,910 --> 01:04:17,850
Tired of years of violence, corruption and loss of personal liberty,
862
01:04:17,850 --> 01:04:21,480
Americans go the polls and overwhelmingly rout the dry forces.
863
01:04:21,480 --> 01:04:25,450
After 13 years, Prohibition is dead,
864
01:04:25,710 --> 01:04:29,140
leaving in its wake a criminal element used to wealth and power,
865
01:04:29,280 --> 01:04:32,340
but unable, for the most part, to cope with a new determination
866
01:04:32,480 --> 01:04:35,880
by an aroused public that law and order should once more reign.
867
01:04:35,970 --> 01:04:39,000
America faces the
868
01:04:39,880 --> 01:04:43,850
opposition of most of the European countries who favor
869
01:04:44,280 --> 01:04:49,680
a medical approach to drug problem, rather than a police approach to
870
01:04:49,680 --> 01:04:53,370
the drug problem and they have actually instituted programs
871
01:04:53,370 --> 01:04:57,310
in countries like the Netherlands. It's not legal
872
01:04:57,310 --> 01:05:00,140
to buy and sell heroin,
873
01:05:00,370 --> 01:05:04,850
but it's not criminal for people to consume it
874
01:05:05,080 --> 01:05:10,820
and this means that addicts go to government created centers
875
01:05:10,820 --> 01:05:16,310
to get their injections and there's actually been a fall-off in drug consumption.
876
01:05:16,480 --> 01:05:20,170
But the big benefit from this is the
877
01:05:20,710 --> 01:05:24,000
very major fall-off in drug related crime.
878
01:05:24,280 --> 01:05:27,310
You see fewer thefts
879
01:05:27,600 --> 01:05:31,280
for drug purposes, because they don't have to steal to get their drugs.
880
01:05:31,480 --> 01:05:35,600
You see a marked decline in drug related prostitution,
881
01:05:35,710 --> 01:05:38,880
you know, women who are selling their bodies to get their drugs.
882
01:05:38,880 --> 01:05:42,770
I just finished reviewing a book for an academic journal
883
01:05:42,770 --> 01:05:46,020
and the conclusion to the book was my own, as well,
884
01:05:46,400 --> 01:05:50,110
is that the rest of the world is waiting
885
01:05:50,110 --> 01:05:54,680
for America to abandon its prohibition model
886
01:05:54,680 --> 01:05:57,800
of drug treatments and go to a more sane,
887
01:05:57,800 --> 01:06:02,110
more humane and more successful
888
01:06:02,740 --> 01:06:04,940
medical approach to the problem.
889
01:06:05,170 --> 01:06:09,450
It's well known how to deal with drug problems. It's not a small problem,
890
01:06:09,450 --> 01:06:14,480
I mean, substance abuse is a serious problem: the worst part is tobacco, the next is alcohol
891
01:06:14,480 --> 01:06:16,970
and down below are lots of other drugs,
892
01:06:17,540 --> 01:06:20,800
and the way to deal with it is by treating it. Prevention and treatment,
893
01:06:20,800 --> 01:06:25,570
prevention of course means eliminating the social conditions out of which it arises.
894
01:06:25,740 --> 01:06:28,650
But just plain treatment, and it's effective.
895
01:06:28,880 --> 01:06:33,370
There are major studies which compare the effectiveness, government-funded studies,
896
01:06:33,770 --> 01:06:37,970
major ones, that compare the effectiveness of treatment to other approaches.
897
01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:39,970
The major one by Rand Corporation
898
01:06:40,620 --> 01:06:43,710
compared treatment - prevention and treatment -
899
01:06:43,710 --> 01:06:46,170
just in terms of cost effectiveness,
900
01:06:46,170 --> 01:06:49,110
to a Criminal Justice, what's called
901
01:06:49,110 --> 01:06:52,880
โ I hate to use the word โ what's called Criminal Justice in the United States,
902
01:06:53,250 --> 01:06:57,220
and it was about 7 times as effective. Treatment.
903
01:06:57,340 --> 01:07:01,450
They compared it with interdiction โ it's about 11 times as effective.
904
01:07:01,620 --> 01:07:06,480
They compared it with what's called Source Country Control โ that's what we're doing in Colombia โ
905
01:07:06,650 --> 01:07:08,620
it was 23 times as effective.
906
01:07:08,970 --> 01:07:11,140
So, by substantial measures,
907
01:07:11,250 --> 01:07:15,280
these are much more effective ways of dealing with the substance abuse problem,
908
01:07:15,280 --> 01:07:18,800
which is a problem, you know, and if you wanna deal with it โ that's the way to do it.
909
01:07:19,250 --> 01:07:25,940
Well, for years it's been pointed out by critics of these programs that they fail to meet their stated objectives, and that's true.
910
01:07:25,940 --> 01:07:28,910
They completely fail to meet their stated objectives
911
01:07:29,250 --> 01:07:35,820
and that's recognized on all sides. What do you decide when a program fails to meet the stated objectives?
912
01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:42,340
The methods are criminal prosecution at home and, you know, mass murder abroad.
913
01:07:42,850 --> 01:07:48,450
Well, what you do is, you intensify the same efforts and you avoid the methods that you know to work.
914
01:07:49,050 --> 01:07:54,080
Well, you know, assuming everybody isn't totally insane, there's another conclusion to be drawn from this,
915
01:07:54,080 --> 01:07:59,420
and that is that they ARE meeting their objectives โ not the stated objectives, but the REAL objectives.
916
01:08:11,540 --> 01:08:15,820
When I talk about the Deep State, I ought have also to talk about
917
01:08:15,940 --> 01:08:19,250
the huge and increasing disparity
918
01:08:19,450 --> 01:08:22,200
of income and wealth in this country.
919
01:08:22,200 --> 01:08:27,370
So that, particularly since WWII, but also before,
920
01:08:27,370 --> 01:08:30,570
is very visible in the early history because
921
01:08:30,770 --> 01:08:35,220
nearly all of the senior directors and deputy directors of the CIA
922
01:08:35,220 --> 01:08:38,110
were recruited from Wall Street, and
923
01:08:38,140 --> 01:08:40,220
not really from Wall Street, but from
924
01:08:40,600 --> 01:08:46,910
that part of Wall Street who figured also in the New York Social Register, that is to say, who were
925
01:08:47,480 --> 01:08:53,250
wealthy, affluent part of the ruling establishment that prevails in Manhattan.
926
01:08:55,250 --> 01:09:00,570
The Deep State is all the ways that those people have influence
927
01:09:00,940 --> 01:09:03,340
over American policy.
928
01:09:03,420 --> 01:09:07,450
The CIA in the early days was like their
929
01:09:07,600 --> 01:09:11,800
special play-thing and when something inside CIA
930
01:09:11,800 --> 01:09:15,680
was created, called OPC, the Office of Policy Coordination,
931
01:09:15,680 --> 01:09:19,280
very innocuous title, very insidious agency,
932
01:09:19,480 --> 01:09:24,200
which started planning coups and assassinations all around the world.
933
01:09:24,880 --> 01:09:28,880
That too was a creation of their policy and
934
01:09:28,880 --> 01:09:32,740
the Deep State was embodied there at that time.
935
01:09:33,000 --> 01:09:37,020
But there are many other ways in which that influence is exerted:
936
01:09:37,020 --> 01:09:40,140
The Council on Foreign Relations, The Federal Reserve.
937
01:09:40,140 --> 01:09:46,020
We've just seen spectacular way in which the Federal Reserve has been using,
938
01:09:46,020 --> 01:09:50,600
which is essentially a banker's institution,
939
01:09:50,740 --> 01:09:54,000
not democratically controlled, by design,
940
01:09:54,400 --> 01:09:58,420
has been using public funds to bailout the banks
941
01:09:58,600 --> 01:10:02,050
which are the institutions who supply
942
01:10:02,050 --> 01:10:05,140
the various board members of the Federal Reserve.
943
01:10:05,280 --> 01:10:08,250
So that too, in my view, is part of the Deep State.
944
01:10:08,250 --> 01:10:13,020
It's a whole milieu, or venue, where private power,
945
01:10:13,020 --> 01:10:17,740
the power of wealth influences policy.
946
01:10:28,600 --> 01:10:33,450
In 2008, capitalism underwent a crisis of gargantuan proportions,
947
01:10:33,450 --> 01:10:36,400
leading to economic devastation around the world.
948
01:10:38,080 --> 01:10:42,370
In response, the US government launched a series of investigations.
949
01:10:43,110 --> 01:10:47,620
As with the Church Committee and Iran-Contra scandal, stern words were spoken.
950
01:10:48,200 --> 01:10:53,050
"What do you think about selling securities which your own people think are
951
01:10:53,600 --> 01:10:55,970
crap. Does that bother you?"
952
01:10:56,650 --> 01:10:58,140
"I think they would...
953
01:10:59,170 --> 01:11:01,970
again, as a hypothetical?"
"No, this is real."
954
01:11:01,970 --> 01:11:03,400
"Well, then I don't-"
"We heard it today."
955
01:11:03,570 --> 01:11:07,220
"Well..."
"We heard it today. This is a shitty deal. This is crap."
956
01:11:07,480 --> 01:11:13,600
"I, I, I heard nothing today that makes me think anything, uhm, went wrong."
957
01:11:13,800 --> 01:11:16,600
"Is there not a conflict when you sell something
958
01:11:16,940 --> 01:11:20,340
to somebody and then are determined
959
01:11:20,420 --> 01:11:23,510
to bet against that same security
960
01:11:23,800 --> 01:11:28,450
and you don't disclose that to the person you're selling it to. Do you see a problem?"
961
01:11:28,450 --> 01:11:32,080
"In the context of market-making, that is not a conflict."
962
01:11:33,420 --> 01:11:36,710
Also like the Church Committee and the Iran-Contra scandal,
963
01:11:36,970 --> 01:11:40,680
none of the top law breakers received any significant punishment.
964
01:11:41,880 --> 01:11:43,570
The problem we were then faced with,
965
01:11:43,600 --> 01:11:45,880
with the Iran-Contra scandal, immediately,
966
01:11:46,250 --> 01:11:47,940
was an effort to contain it.
967
01:11:48,110 --> 01:11:50,620
Once the White House had to admit they've been lying
968
01:11:50,620 --> 01:11:52,910
all those months and all those years,
969
01:11:53,140 --> 01:11:54,880
they then immediately tried to contain it.
970
01:11:54,880 --> 01:11:57,020
In the words of Robert Dutton, one of the operatives,
971
01:11:58,280 --> 01:12:01,080
the word was out to build a Chinese wall around Ronald Reagan.
972
01:12:01,450 --> 01:12:05,940
And they did it. And they did it partly because the Democrats in the Congress
973
01:12:06,340 --> 01:12:10,050
decided that it would be too disruptive to this country,
974
01:12:10,400 --> 01:12:13,280
to our political system, to get to the truth.
975
01:12:14,110 --> 01:12:18,110
With a handful of notable exceptions, US government officials
976
01:12:18,170 --> 01:12:21,850
have repeatedly demonstrated that they are either unwilling, or unable
977
01:12:22,140 --> 01:12:24,080
to rein in the secret government.
978
01:12:24,710 --> 01:12:28,710
On the contrary, the majority of elected officials appear to regard
979
01:12:28,740 --> 01:12:33,710
their shadowy counterparts in the intelligence business as comrades in arms.
980
01:12:34,170 --> 01:12:38,600
The main defense of the CIA was made by democrat John Stennis of Mississippi,
981
01:12:38,770 --> 01:12:42,250
a member of the Senat's CIA Watchdog Subcommittee.
982
01:12:43,450 --> 01:12:46,510
"Was the CIA's inference, in your opinion,
983
01:12:46,510 --> 01:12:51,420
was its inference into the field of public opinion perhaps a little unwise, do you think?"
984
01:12:52,710 --> 01:12:56,970
"Well, I... it might have gone further than I would have gone if
985
01:12:56,970 --> 01:13:01,620
I had been in on making the judgments directly...
986
01:13:03,020 --> 01:13:05,570
This originated in early 50s.
987
01:13:06,740 --> 01:13:11,220
You remember, that's when the Congress was passing here the bill that outlawed
988
01:13:11,220 --> 01:13:14,910
the Communist Party, Francis(?), there was a congressional expression.
989
01:13:15,280 --> 01:13:18,600
Perhaps in some of these programs it didn't change fast enough,
990
01:13:19,420 --> 01:13:23,310
but this is quite serious business, we can't do without it,
991
01:13:25,450 --> 01:13:28,570
we must continue it and I, frankly, think...
992
01:13:29,310 --> 01:13:32,710
I hope, at least, we'll quit talking about it so much
993
01:13:32,850 --> 01:13:38,620
as soon, and people realize, American people realize that this is something different."
994
01:13:38,620 --> 01:13:42,140
The word has already been passed on the hill. Passed from the leadership
995
01:13:42,140 --> 01:13:46,280
and from that inner, inner group of men who watch over the CIA.
996
01:13:46,770 --> 01:13:52,340
The result is that Congress will do virtually nothing publicly to investigate or reform the agency.
997
01:13:54,570 --> 01:13:59,170
Increasingly, when damning information is leaked, it is met with outrage,
998
01:13:59,170 --> 01:14:02,170
not at those whose criminal activity has been exposed,
999
01:14:02,220 --> 01:14:06,140
but the individuals who dare breach the wall of secrecy.
1000
01:14:13,200 --> 01:14:17,540
John Kiriakou, former CIA agent and anti-torture whistleblower,
1001
01:14:17,540 --> 01:14:20,280
may never see himself in the National Portrait Gallery,
1002
01:14:20,510 --> 01:14:24,050
but he was celebrated in a different kind of ceremony Wednesday evening.
1003
01:14:24,400 --> 01:14:30,050
The portrait is the newest addition in the Americans who tell the truth series by artist Robert Shetterly.
1004
01:14:30,880 --> 01:14:34,220
Kiriakou was the only CIA officer facing jail time for
1005
01:14:34,220 --> 01:14:36,850
any actions surrounding the government's torture program.
1006
01:14:36,970 --> 01:14:38,680
"I never tortured anybody,
1007
01:14:39,110 --> 01:14:43,140
but I'm heading to prison, while the torturers and lawyers who papered over it,
1008
01:14:43,140 --> 01:14:47,680
and the people who deceived it, and the man who destroyed the proof of it, the tapes,
1009
01:14:48,000 --> 01:14:49,370
will never face justice."
1010
01:14:49,450 --> 01:14:52,570
In 2011 he became the 6th whistleblower charged with
1011
01:14:52,620 --> 01:14:57,050
violating the Espionage Act by the Obama administration during the first term.
1012
01:14:57,800 --> 01:15:00,970
"Well, when it comes to punishing whistleblowers, president Obama is
1013
01:15:00,970 --> 01:15:05,080
proving to be more aggressive than all previous presidents combined.
1014
01:15:05,370 --> 01:15:09,620
Pretrial hearings are underway for one of them, Wikileaks whistleblower, Bradley Manning.
1015
01:15:09,770 --> 01:15:14,850
The 24-year old army private is accused of releasing a video which shows a US
1016
01:15:15,000 --> 01:15:19,600
Apache helicopter shooting and killing Iraqi civilians and two journalists.
1017
01:15:19,600 --> 01:15:23,340
Manning faces a slew of charges including aiding the enemy.
1018
01:15:23,340 --> 01:15:26,020
If convicted, he could face life behind bars.
1019
01:15:26,020 --> 01:15:30,280
"This guy should be tried. Manning should be tried for treason, executed if he's found guilty."
1020
01:15:30,280 --> 01:15:32,680
"Whoever in our government
1021
01:15:32,970 --> 01:15:35,420
leaked that information is guilty of treason
1022
01:15:35,940 --> 01:15:39,340
and I think anything less than execution is too kind a penalty."
1023
01:15:39,420 --> 01:15:42,570
"Through the course of the investigation, and as I have said publicly,
1024
01:15:42,800 --> 01:15:44,620
that he should be charged with treason."
1025
01:15:44,710 --> 01:15:47,310
"Regardless of the legal standing of this situation,
1026
01:15:47,650 --> 01:15:50,420
I do think that it was reckless and
1027
01:15:50,420 --> 01:15:54,650
irresponsible to leak all these cables.
1028
01:15:54,650 --> 01:15:57,280
I do think that it has the potential,
1029
01:15:58,340 --> 01:16:02,000
not only to jeopardize some very sensitive
1030
01:16:02,200 --> 01:16:05,800
issues with respect to national security and foreign policy,
1031
01:16:06,000 --> 01:16:09,080
but you always run the risk when you do this of literally,
1032
01:16:09,080 --> 01:16:10,620
putting people's lives in danger.
1033
01:16:10,800 --> 01:16:14,570
I'm gonna have to thank you all very much, I've gotta go."
1034
01:16:14,850 --> 01:16:19,480
"Let's dig a little bit deeper. Right now with the chair of the Senat's Elect Committee on Intelligence,
1035
01:16:19,480 --> 01:16:19,510
the democratic senator from California, Diane Feinstein. Senator, thanks very much for coming in."
"Let's dig a little bit deeper. Right now with the chair of the Senat's Elect Committee on Intelligence,
1036
01:16:19,510 --> 01:16:25,220
the democratic senator from California, Diane Feinstein. Senator, thanks very much for coming in."
1037
01:16:25,220 --> 01:16:28,370
"I have some other thoughts, I don't wanna discuss them here.
1038
01:16:28,540 --> 01:16:31,340
I'll discuss them with the committee tomorrow morning.
1039
01:16:31,510 --> 01:16:33,570
I think what we're seeing, Wolf,
1040
01:16:33,570 --> 01:16:37,510
is an anschluss**, an avalanche of leaks, [see appendix]
1041
01:16:37,510 --> 01:16:39,970
and it's very, very disturbing.
1042
01:16:40,710 --> 01:16:43,740
You know, it's dismayed our allies,
1043
01:16:43,820 --> 01:16:46,370
it puts American lives in jeopardy."
1044
01:16:46,370 --> 01:16:50,200
"I guess the question is, and you don't have to go into specific details, I would assume
1045
01:16:50,200 --> 01:16:52,820
they would be classified, but do you know
1046
01:16:52,820 --> 01:16:56,080
of a specific incident
1047
01:16:56,250 --> 01:16:59,850
where someone's life has been threatened or endangered,
1048
01:16:59,940 --> 01:17:02,910
an actual incident, as a result of these leaks?"
1049
01:17:03,340 --> 01:17:04,170
"Yes.
1050
01:17:04,650 --> 01:17:07,450
I can tell you where lives have been endangered."
1051
01:17:07,710 --> 01:17:10,000
"Has anyone been killed as a result?"
1052
01:17:11,020 --> 01:17:13,910
"Not to my knowledge."
1053
01:17:14,280 --> 01:17:16,740
"Do you want to go into specifics?"
"No, I do not."
1054
01:17:17,050 --> 01:17:22,080
"Alright, though, you don't have to, I suspect that this is sensitive information."
"And I'm not going to."
1055
01:17:22,228 --> 01:17:24,600
"The State's Secret Privilege,
1056
01:17:24,885 --> 01:17:27,057
which is this doctrine that
1057
01:17:27,050 --> 01:17:29,714
essentially puts a censorship veil
1058
01:17:29,828 --> 01:17:32,171
over everything you wanna blow the whistle on.
1059
01:17:32,714 --> 01:17:34,457
But, this fight
1060
01:17:34,514 --> 01:17:36,800
over the exposure of government misconduct
1061
01:17:36,800 --> 01:17:40,000
goes all the way back to the American Revolution and the First Amendment.
1062
01:17:40,542 --> 01:17:42,942
And the First amendment of the US Constitution
1063
01:17:42,940 --> 01:17:44,742
was enacted to prevent
1064
01:17:44,942 --> 01:17:48,600
precisely what we're seeing unfolding today.
1065
01:17:48,800 --> 01:17:51,685
People in the government witness the abuses
1066
01:17:51,885 --> 01:17:55,800
and they have a right to blow the whistle on it,
1067
01:17:55,800 --> 01:17:58,800
and that's where Sybelle Edmunds' case is going to be critical,
1068
01:17:58,800 --> 01:18:02,342
because we are challenging the legal predicates
1069
01:18:02,771 --> 01:18:05,314
that they have used to prosecute and
1070
01:18:05,310 --> 01:18:08,800
suppress whistleblowers throughout this country.
1071
01:18:08,971 --> 01:18:14,257
We're challenging them now because they're illegal and unconstitutional. We're taking the offensive."
1072
01:18:14,685 --> 01:18:18,971
"You are saying that this dates back to the First Amendment โ that is freedom of speech, so,
1073
01:18:19,342 --> 01:18:24,514
would you say then that this attack on whistleblowers is then an attack on freedom of speech?"
1074
01:18:24,510 --> 01:18:27,800
"Absolutely. It's fundamental to speech.
1075
01:18:27,800 --> 01:18:30,171
If you go back to what our founding fathers said,
1076
01:18:30,342 --> 01:18:33,314
they said that it's government misconduct
1077
01:18:33,857 --> 01:18:36,542
that the government wants to suppress
1078
01:18:36,540 --> 01:18:39,542
the public ever learning about, so the heart
1079
01:18:39,714 --> 01:18:42,885
of the First Amendment, its essential core,
1080
01:18:42,880 --> 01:18:45,200
was to permit people
1081
01:18:45,200 --> 01:18:47,200
to expose government abuses.
1082
01:18:47,457 --> 01:18:49,828
But what we see in these censorship cases
1083
01:18:50,200 --> 01:18:54,742
is that the government is using its power to intimidate, to prosecute,
1084
01:18:55,142 --> 01:18:57,857
to threaten, and to stop
1085
01:18:57,850 --> 01:19:00,628
government employees with information, be it waterboarding,
1086
01:19:00,620 --> 01:19:05,314
information like Sybelle Edmunds had about misconduct in the translation services,
1087
01:19:05,514 --> 01:19:08,028
preventing the American people learning
1088
01:19:08,114 --> 01:19:10,028
about the abuses of their government.
1089
01:19:10,142 --> 01:19:12,571
And that's why we have the First Amendment.
1090
01:19:12,570 --> 01:19:16,200
You know, OK, it's fun, you can read People Magazine or watch TV, that's great,
1091
01:19:16,200 --> 01:19:18,000
it's all protected under the First Amendment,
1092
01:19:18,228 --> 01:19:21,657
but the heart of it, the core of the First Amendment
1093
01:19:21,771 --> 01:19:27,285
is the protection of people who want to expose the misconduct of government."
1094
01:19:28,428 --> 01:19:32,457
There is a consensus, across ideological lines,
1095
01:19:32,542 --> 01:19:38,142
and even one that transcends temporal eras about what the rule of law was intended to require,
1096
01:19:38,140 --> 01:19:40,228
what it really was intended to require
1097
01:19:40,400 --> 01:19:43,400
is nothing more than the fact that we are all equally
1098
01:19:43,400 --> 01:19:45,828
bound to a common set of rules,
1099
01:19:46,057 --> 01:19:49,285
regardless of power, position or prestige.
1100
01:19:49,280 --> 01:19:52,200
So you can look at, for example, contemporary legal scholars
1101
01:19:52,200 --> 01:19:55,285
who write about the rule of law and what they will over and over emphasize
1102
01:19:55,280 --> 01:19:57,028
is that the rule of law requires,
1103
01:19:57,114 --> 01:20:02,171
the defining attribute of it, is that nobody is above the law or nobody is below the law.
1104
01:20:02,457 --> 01:20:06,571
And nobody means nobody. Nobody is above the law.
Nobody is below the law.
1105
01:20:06,570 --> 01:20:08,657
And you can more interestingly look at
1106
01:20:08,828 --> 01:20:12,371
literature from the 1980s and the 1990s, this was during the time
1107
01:20:12,370 --> 01:20:15,600
when western institutions, led by the United States,
1108
01:20:15,600 --> 01:20:18,885
began lecturing the third world and the developing world
1109
01:20:19,057 --> 01:20:23,571
about what it was that they had to do in order to comport with the rule of law.
1110
01:20:23,800 --> 01:20:27,400
There were lots of journal articles written about what this term was supposed to mean
1111
01:20:27,400 --> 01:20:27,428
and the seminal article, the most influential article, was written by Thomas Carruthers,
There were lots of journal articles written about what this term was supposed to mean
1112
01:20:27,428 --> 01:20:31,600
and the seminal article, the most influential article, was written by Thomas Carruthers,
1113
01:20:31,885 --> 01:20:35,628
who was an official at the World Bank, and in 1988
1114
01:20:35,620 --> 01:20:40,571
he published in the Journal of Foreign Affairs this article entitled The requirements of the rule of law.
1115
01:20:40,742 --> 01:20:44,485
It was intended to sermonize to third world countries what they had to do, and what he
1116
01:20:44,480 --> 01:20:46,828
warned was that the way that you
1117
01:20:46,942 --> 01:20:50,685
become a country not living under the rule of law, the hallmark of a country that
1118
01:20:50,680 --> 01:20:53,200
fails to live under the rule of law - that is lawless -
1119
01:20:53,457 --> 01:20:58,085
is that: "the ruling elite's tendency to act extralegally
1120
01:20:58,171 --> 01:21:02,057
wherever legal systems remain captives of the powers that beโ,
1121
01:21:02,050 --> 01:21:04,857
and he said that the most crucial challenge for a country
1122
01:21:04,942 --> 01:21:08,628
that is lawless, to become one that lives under the rule of law is that:
1123
01:21:08,742 --> 01:21:13,714
"Elites in the country must give up the habit of placing themselves above the law."
1124
01:21:13,714 --> 01:21:15,710
That was the defining requirement.
1125
01:21:15,771 --> 01:21:19,400
The idea that there is nobody above the law or below the law, that
1126
01:21:19,485 --> 01:21:22,085
even when our highest ranking political officials
1127
01:21:22,228 --> 01:21:25,485
get caught breaking the law, that they are subject to same set of
1128
01:21:25,480 --> 01:21:29,942
punishments and investigations and scrutiny and accountability,
1129
01:21:29,940 --> 01:21:32,114
as the most powerless American,
1130
01:21:32,110 --> 01:21:35,571
but that is literally not a principle that we apply any longer
1131
01:21:35,714 --> 01:21:38,228
to the leading members of our political class.
1132
01:21:38,220 --> 01:21:41,314
The idea that people should be prosecuted when they commit crimes
1133
01:21:41,310 --> 01:21:43,571
using the power that we vest with them in office
1134
01:21:43,570 --> 01:21:46,371
is the idea that is considered radical and fringe,
1135
01:21:46,370 --> 01:21:49,971
not the other way around. It's the immunity that is truly radical,
1136
01:21:50,114 --> 01:21:54,342
but it's the idea that we should hold them accountable on equal terms that is now considered
1137
01:21:54,340 --> 01:21:56,542
to be the extremist position.
1138
01:21:56,540 --> 01:21:58,028
"And the Emmy
1139
01:22:00,771 --> 01:22:02,457
goes to...
1140
01:22:07,771 --> 01:22:10,400
The Sopranos!"
1141
01:22:13,771 --> 01:22:16,685
"You know, in essence, this is a story about a gangster.
1142
01:22:17,028 --> 01:22:19,771
And gangsters are out there taking their kids to college
1143
01:22:19,914 --> 01:22:21,628
and taking their kids to school
1144
01:22:21,800 --> 01:22:23,342
and putting food on their table,
1145
01:22:23,542 --> 01:22:27,342
and hell, let's face it: if the world, and this nation was run by gangsters...
1146
01:22:29,142 --> 01:22:32,400
well, maybe it is, I don't know." (laughter)
107047
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