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SALT FOR SVANETIA
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Based upon an articIe by
S. Tretlakov
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Director & Chief Cameraman
Mikhail Kalatozov
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Co-Cinematographer
Sh. Geglashvili
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"The Soviet Union is a country so
big and diverse..
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00:00:27,312 --> 00:00:31,806
...that every kind of social and
economic way of life...
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...is to be found within it"
Lenin
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Even now there are far reaches of
the Soviet Union where...
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00:00:41,392 --> 00:00:45,089
..the patriarchal way
of life persists...
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00:00:45,763 --> 00:00:49,494
...along with remnants
of the clan system.
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00:00:50,268 --> 00:00:54,568
Map of the Caucasian Mountains,
showing the Ingur River and the
locations of various tribes.
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The Ushkul Tribe
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Upper Svanetia, cut off from
civilization by mountains
and glaciers.
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00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:09,880
Here converge two mountain
ranges of the Caucasus.
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Tvelhuld.
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00:01:43,988 --> 00:01:50,917
The clouds come from the sea and
turn into shining, pure ice.
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00:01:51,629 --> 00:01:57,090
Through the slow-moving ice
currents, the cold creeps down.
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00:01:57,669 --> 00:02:02,299
From the mist and ice
are born the rivers.
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00:02:02,707 --> 00:02:07,735
One such river is the Ingur.
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00:02:08,146 --> 00:02:11,638
At its upper reaches lies...
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Ushkul
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Further down, where the currents
are slower and the climate milder,
lived the local barons.
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00:02:25,697 --> 00:02:30,828
Sole owners of this land's riches
- until the October revolution.
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00:02:45,850 --> 00:02:50,617
The passage into the upper,
free Svanetia is not easy.
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00:02:59,964 --> 00:03:03,263
Eight months of snow
lie at its gates.
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00:03:19,350 --> 00:03:21,409
Behind the snowy pass stand the
towers of Ushkul...
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Strong towers of stone.
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They are here for a reason.
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Not too long ago they guarded
this starving land....
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...from the looting barons.
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The barons hated the towers.
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Friend or foe?
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Have they come to collect more
taxes from the starving villagers?
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The towers are made ready.
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The ancient pulleys creak
under the pressure.
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The tower is ready for battle.
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In this way, they fought...
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...and protected their freedom
from the barons of the valley...
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The great, all-enduring towers.
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Cut off from the outside world,
the Ushkul tribe can satisfy...
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...only the most basic
needs of its members.
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Livestock - the lifeblood
of Ushkul.
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There are pastures, but very little
milk, as salt is lacking.
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The rich breed oxen
for sacrifices.
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The poor have neither
livestock nor bread.
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Down into the valley,
looking for work.
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00:08:40,304 --> 00:08:45,435
Ushkul is a subsistence
farming community.
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From lamb wool...
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...yarn is made.
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00:10:17,568 --> 00:10:23,200
Further down rumble the factories.
Here, people weave with the help
of machines...
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...make their own clothing and...
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...get their haircuts according to
their own fashions.
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From the wet wool they make...
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...weave ropes...
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...and connect villagers
with bridges.
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00:13:59,423 --> 00:14:01,983
For the towers.
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...for the roofs...
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Without wheels.
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They sleep on stone beds.
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Stone is everywhere,
even in death.
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By the glaciers...
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...lie the barley fields.
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Only the barley can grow at the
elevation of 1,800 meters.
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JuIy 28th, 1 929.
The day was hot.
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00:17:17,688 --> 00:17:19,212
Approaching...
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00:17:37,307 --> 00:17:38,797
...suddenIy...
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Winter!
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Summer betrayed the villagers.
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00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:15,776
The July snow covered all...
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In snow and in sweat.
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Save what you can.
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The village is short-handed.
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00:19:37,694 --> 00:19:42,427
The strongest men have left
to look for work.
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00:20:11,695 --> 00:20:13,856
The storm has passed...
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00:20:34,384 --> 00:20:36,477
...and it's summer again.
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00:21:18,862 --> 00:21:20,921
Those flint boards are
used as thrashers.
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Another way to use stone.
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00:22:01,438 --> 00:22:03,497
Another day of hard work.
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Save the barley!
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Harsh, bone-breaking labour.
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Around and around...
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Look out!
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Save the manure for fertilizer!
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00:23:27,657 --> 00:23:32,594
Nature is harsh - the work
is exhausting.
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00:23:47,677 --> 00:23:52,637
The work is exhausting - the way
of life never changes.
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00:24:22,913 --> 00:24:27,441
Cut off from civilization,
Ushkul needs salt.
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00:24:32,989 --> 00:24:34,251
Here, salt isn't a
common commodity...
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...it's like gold.
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There's salt in sweat.
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No salt...
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SALT!
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S-A-A-LT!
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There's salt in urine.
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Cut off from civilization,
Ushkul is starving for salt.
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The mountains that are
white as salt stop the salt
shipments from the valley.
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There are no roads.
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00:27:11,114 --> 00:27:16,074
Driven by hunger from
their own land...
98
00:27:24,360 --> 00:27:26,624
...the poor people of Svanetia...
99
00:27:34,704 --> 00:27:36,831
...the farmers and field workers...
100
00:27:49,085 --> 00:27:52,316
...the workers from tangerine
orchards...
101
00:27:58,428 --> 00:28:00,157
...carry the salt back to their own
land.
102
00:28:05,235 --> 00:28:07,499
The salt of the earth.
103
00:28:13,409 --> 00:28:16,071
From the factories,
collective farms, highways.
104
00:28:28,358 --> 00:28:30,622
The peopIe of Ushkul are waiting.
105
00:28:47,911 --> 00:28:50,209
Waiting for their arrival.
106
00:29:01,691 --> 00:29:03,750
Waiting with new hope.
107
00:29:13,903 --> 00:29:16,269
Bleeding from exhaustion.
108
00:29:32,522 --> 00:29:33,853
Waiting...
109
00:29:44,100 --> 00:29:45,863
...anxiously.
110
00:30:53,202 --> 00:30:55,397
Waiting for news...
111
00:31:41,184 --> 00:31:49,523
In the stone walls of this savage
land, religion still rules.
112
00:31:57,300 --> 00:31:59,632
White smoke of mourning.
113
00:32:18,187 --> 00:32:23,124
The funeral of a rich man is
a ceremonial celebration.
114
00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:12,798
The funeral of a poor man
is only grief.
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00:33:24,187 --> 00:33:31,650
A birth during a funeral
is considered unclean.
The mother is exiled.
116
00:35:26,609 --> 00:35:31,512
Friends and relatives: make
donations in memory of
the deceased!
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00:35:53,803 --> 00:35:56,169
Alone...an outcast.
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00:36:10,786 --> 00:36:15,883
Friends, pay homage: throw
yourself into the grave!
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00:37:42,311 --> 00:37:43,972
For you, O Lord!
120
00:38:14,377 --> 00:38:16,607
This stallion is yours.
121
00:38:37,233 --> 00:38:39,167
Let the blood of this ox
spill on the grave.
122
00:38:46,976 --> 00:38:49,206
The horse is to be
driven to death.
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00:39:17,406 --> 00:39:22,400
Bless the Lord who created the
mountains of Svanetia.
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00:39:43,466 --> 00:39:45,593
Another Svan is born.
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00:39:51,674 --> 00:39:53,107
Water!!!
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WATER!!!
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In the name of the
God of Svanetia...
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...the Goddess of the valley...
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...Saint IIIina...
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...the horse's heart is
about to burst.
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00:41:40,215 --> 00:41:42,342
The blood of Svanetia.
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00:41:49,725 --> 00:41:51,886
There's salt in blood.
133
00:43:30,993 --> 00:43:34,588
Religion is feeding
off Svanetia.
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00:43:56,685 --> 00:43:58,915
The sun rises...
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00:44:02,958 --> 00:44:04,926
...and sets...
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...over the dead child.
137
00:44:37,259 --> 00:44:40,524
Pregnancy is a curse
in Ushkul.
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00:44:48,637 --> 00:44:53,370
And all because there
are no roads.
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00:44:57,112 --> 00:44:59,706
We don't want to bear chiIdren!
140
00:45:01,750 --> 00:45:06,744
Don't want to feed the
soil with our milk!
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00:45:38,554 --> 00:45:40,852
Hear this, Svanetia!
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Watch this, audience!
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00:46:22,364 --> 00:46:23,661
For the Svans --
144
00:46:26,435 --> 00:46:28,096
- for communists -
145
00:46:29,838 --> 00:46:32,068
-- there are no obstacIes.
146
00:47:04,239 --> 00:47:06,441
Our economic plan...
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...is stronger than religion
and old customs.
148
00:47:14,983 --> 00:47:19,977
They bring to Svanetia
not a handful of salt...
149
00:47:26,595 --> 00:47:31,498
They do not make a narrow
path in the snow.
150
00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:42,171
Thousands of Svans...
151
00:47:43,578 --> 00:47:47,036
...come through...
152
00:48:09,972 --> 00:48:12,507
...into the
SOVIET SVANETIA!
153
00:48:12,507 --> 00:48:14,668
BuiIding roads.
154
00:48:21,016 --> 00:48:25,715
Of the 107 kilometers
that Svanetia needs...
155
00:48:29,324 --> 00:48:31,815
By the third year of the
five year plan...
156
00:49:00,589 --> 00:49:02,614
50 kilometers have been completed.
157
00:49:04,326 --> 00:49:06,191
THE END
158
00:49:06,495 --> 00:49:09,828
Music by Zoran Borisavljevic
~
Translation by Alexander Litvak
Subtitles by MENiSCUS
11620
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