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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:04,533 --> 00:00:06,467 and may contain mature subject matter. 2 00:00:06,467 --> 00:00:15,400 Viewer discretion is advised. 3 00:00:15,533 --> 00:00:17,300 WILLIAM SHATNER: You know, I've been around for a while. 4 00:00:17,433 --> 00:00:22,133 Met some interesting people, done some crazy things. 5 00:00:22,266 --> 00:00:24,500 So you just might think that there's not much that 6 00:00:24,633 --> 00:00:28,133 can take me by surprise. 7 00:00:28,266 --> 00:00:31,867 You'd be wrong. 8 00:00:35,233 --> 00:00:38,433 The world is full of stories and science and 9 00:00:38,567 --> 00:00:42,400 things that amaze and confound me every single day, 10 00:00:42,533 --> 00:00:44,467 incredible mysteries that keep me awake at night. 11 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:46,667 Some I can answer. 12 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:49,233 Others just defy logic. 13 00:00:52,300 --> 00:00:55,767 NARRATOR: Is the end of the world upon us? 14 00:00:55,900 --> 00:00:58,633 In Wyoming, a deadly force is sleeping underneath 15 00:00:58,767 --> 00:01:01,767 Yellowstone National Park. 16 00:01:01,900 --> 00:01:04,633 Could it awake and destroy the planet? 17 00:01:04,767 --> 00:01:05,900 ROBERT VICINO: It could happen today. 18 00:01:06,033 --> 00:01:08,734 It could happen tomorrow. It's a race against time. 19 00:01:08,867 --> 00:01:10,533 NARRATOR: In Alabama, a NASA scientist makes 20 00:01:10,667 --> 00:01:13,467 a remarkable discovery. 21 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:18,133 Is a killer solar storm coming our way? 22 00:01:18,266 --> 00:01:19,233 LAWRENCE JOSEPH: If it were to hit today, 23 00:01:19,367 --> 00:01:20,500 it would knock us out. 24 00:01:20,633 --> 00:01:23,734 It would knock civilization to its knees. 25 00:01:23,867 --> 00:01:25,200 NARRATOR: And across the world comes the threat of 26 00:01:25,333 --> 00:01:29,500 an invasion by robots. 27 00:01:29,633 --> 00:01:34,033 Could the terminator be real? 28 00:01:34,166 --> 00:01:38,100 WILLIAM SHATNER: Yeah, it's a weird world. 29 00:01:38,233 --> 00:01:39,867 And I love it. 30 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:49,967 [♪] 31 00:02:02,500 --> 00:02:05,266 WILLIAM SHATNER: Do you believe in prophecies? 32 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:07,033 Some of the biggest events in history have been 33 00:02:07,166 --> 00:02:10,967 foreseen by some of the greatest minds. 34 00:02:11,100 --> 00:02:14,967 Nostradamus predicted World War I, Hitler, 35 00:02:15,100 --> 00:02:18,533 Napoleon, the election of US president Barack Obama 36 00:02:18,667 --> 00:02:24,967 and the atomic destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 37 00:02:25,100 --> 00:02:26,533 How did he do that? 38 00:02:26,667 --> 00:02:29,400 And why can't I do that? 39 00:02:29,533 --> 00:02:32,734 Were they simply lucky guesses? 40 00:02:32,867 --> 00:02:38,500 Can we somehow see with incredible accuracy what 41 00:02:38,633 --> 00:02:42,033 will happen hundreds or perhaps thousands of years 42 00:02:42,166 --> 00:02:44,000 into the future? 43 00:02:44,133 --> 00:02:50,867 And if we can, do we really want to know what's coming? 44 00:02:53,533 --> 00:02:56,700 NARRATOR: Patrick Geryl is an astronomer. 45 00:02:56,834 --> 00:03:01,300 In 1996, he did something extraordinary. 46 00:03:01,433 --> 00:03:03,300 He devoted his life to studying the complex and 47 00:03:03,433 --> 00:03:09,100 mysterious texts of the ancient Mayans. 48 00:03:09,233 --> 00:03:14,166 What he found is now the stuff of Hollywood - 49 00:03:14,300 --> 00:03:18,400 the world is coming to an end, and soon. 50 00:03:20,333 --> 00:03:21,667 PATRICK GERYL: What captivated me the most 51 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:24,367 after reading the Mayan prophecies was that they 52 00:03:24,500 --> 00:03:26,767 calculated this huge cataclysm at the end of 53 00:03:26,900 --> 00:03:32,567 2012 and this was very uh disturbing information for me. 54 00:03:32,700 --> 00:03:35,967 I said, wow, gee, my whole future and the whole 55 00:03:36,100 --> 00:03:40,633 future of everybody will be destroyed in a few years. 56 00:03:40,767 --> 00:03:42,600 What am I going to do? 57 00:03:42,734 --> 00:03:44,433 And that changed my whole life. 58 00:03:46,300 --> 00:03:50,734 NARRATOR: But knowing when the world would end wasn't enough. 59 00:03:50,867 --> 00:03:55,233 Patrick had to know how it would happen. 60 00:03:55,367 --> 00:03:58,767 For the next two years, using complex mathematical 61 00:03:58,900 --> 00:04:04,667 formulas, he set out to decode the Mayans' hidden messages. 62 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:07,000 PATRICK GERYL: I was immediately grasped by the 63 00:04:07,133 --> 00:04:11,033 fact that they had very high accuracy in that they 64 00:04:11,166 --> 00:04:14,900 were able to calculate something very spectacular 65 00:04:15,033 --> 00:04:18,900 into the future and it took me several years to 66 00:04:19,033 --> 00:04:24,867 decode it but I found what will happen in 2012. 67 00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:28,700 NARRATOR: What did Patrick find? 68 00:04:28,834 --> 00:04:33,433 Is it an asteroid? Nuclear war? 69 00:04:33,567 --> 00:04:36,133 How will the world end? 70 00:04:36,266 --> 00:04:40,767 Geryl believes on December 12th, 2012, a sleeping 71 00:04:40,900 --> 00:04:44,133 giant will awake. 72 00:04:47,734 --> 00:04:49,600 PATRICK GERYL: The super volcano will erupt and 73 00:04:49,734 --> 00:04:53,800 that will destroy completely our civilization. 74 00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:56,033 NARRATOR: There are at least seven known 75 00:04:56,166 --> 00:04:58,567 supervolcanoes on earth. 76 00:04:58,700 --> 00:05:01,200 They contain massive amounts of molten rock, 77 00:05:01,333 --> 00:05:05,033 which is trapped inside them below the earth's crust. 78 00:05:05,166 --> 00:05:10,467 The pressure builds until finally it bursts, 79 00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:13,767 exploding in a catastrophic eruption thousands 80 00:05:13,900 --> 00:05:18,867 of times more powerful than a regular volcano. 81 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:23,567 The last eruption occurred over 70,000 years ago. 82 00:05:23,700 --> 00:05:27,500 Could one of these giants be a threat to us now? 83 00:05:27,633 --> 00:05:32,533 Remarkably, the answer could be yes - and it's 84 00:05:32,667 --> 00:05:36,533 underneath Yellowstone National Park. 85 00:05:36,667 --> 00:05:39,667 Over two million tourists visit Yellowstone every year. 86 00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:42,867 Little do they know that under the surface lies one 87 00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:45,934 of the deadliest forces on the planet. 88 00:05:46,066 --> 00:05:50,367 Incredibly, this sleeping supervolcano may be coming 89 00:05:50,500 --> 00:05:52,967 to life. 90 00:05:53,100 --> 00:05:56,166 In 2004, scientists detected the ground 91 00:05:56,300 --> 00:05:58,900 starting to bulge around Yellowstone. 92 00:05:59,033 --> 00:06:01,834 Soon after, over one thousand mini earthquakes 93 00:06:01,967 --> 00:06:04,600 occurred there in just a few months. 94 00:06:04,734 --> 00:06:11,100 Some dismiss it but others say it can only mean one thing. 95 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:13,533 PATRICK GERYL: The scientists that are saying 96 00:06:13,667 --> 00:06:15,433 that well the rumbling at Yellowstone Park, that is 97 00:06:15,567 --> 00:06:20,967 normal, well they don't know what the Maya knew. 98 00:06:21,100 --> 00:06:23,233 The rotation from the earth will change. 99 00:06:23,367 --> 00:06:27,367 Once the inner core of the earth starts moving on its 100 00:06:27,500 --> 00:06:32,200 head, then the lava that is around the inner core will 101 00:06:32,333 --> 00:06:36,800 be pushed also very sharply to the crust and we will 102 00:06:36,934 --> 00:06:41,433 have an eruption of the Yellowstone, at the end of 2012. 103 00:06:44,467 --> 00:06:47,633 NARRATOR: Did Patrick Geryl unlock the Mayans' secret? 104 00:06:47,767 --> 00:06:51,200 Is the Yellowstone supervolcano about to erupt? 105 00:06:51,333 --> 00:06:54,100 And could it mean the end of the world? 106 00:06:56,166 --> 00:06:59,533 Robert Vicino is an entrepreneur and survivalist. 107 00:06:59,667 --> 00:07:02,133 He's not waiting to find out. 108 00:07:02,266 --> 00:07:03,567 ROBERT VICINO: If you thought Mt. Saint Helens 109 00:07:03,700 --> 00:07:08,633 was something to see, wait 'til you see Yellowstone go. 110 00:07:08,767 --> 00:07:11,200 NARRATOR: In 2003, Robert decided that there was 111 00:07:11,333 --> 00:07:13,166 only one way to survive the blast of a 112 00:07:13,300 --> 00:07:19,166 supervolcano - by building volcano-proof bunkers 113 00:07:19,300 --> 00:07:22,066 all over America. 114 00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:24,100 ROBERT VICINO: It's a race against time to get our 115 00:07:24,233 --> 00:07:26,066 shelters built. 116 00:07:26,200 --> 00:07:29,233 You could say it isn't so and ignore the 117 00:07:29,367 --> 00:07:34,233 possibilities but it's not gonna make it go away. 118 00:07:34,367 --> 00:07:36,233 NARRATOR: Made of concrete and steel, these 119 00:07:36,367 --> 00:07:41,300 self-contained bunkers are buried underground. 120 00:07:41,433 --> 00:07:43,567 They can house up to one thousand people and store 121 00:07:43,700 --> 00:07:47,633 enough food for a year. 122 00:07:47,767 --> 00:07:50,533 But who is going to use them? 123 00:07:50,667 --> 00:07:52,066 ROBERT VICINO: We have about ten thousand members 124 00:07:52,200 --> 00:07:54,734 currently signed up from all over the world. 125 00:07:54,867 --> 00:07:57,600 NARRATOR: Could Vicino and his friends someday be the 126 00:07:57,734 --> 00:08:01,633 only surviving members of the human race? 127 00:08:01,767 --> 00:08:04,033 ROBERT VICINO: If Yellowstone blows, you're 128 00:08:04,166 --> 00:08:06,467 looking at a life extinction event. 129 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:08,367 The only parties that are gonna survive are those 130 00:08:08,500 --> 00:08:10,900 that are underground. 131 00:08:11,033 --> 00:08:14,767 It could happen today. It could happen tomorrow. 132 00:08:14,900 --> 00:08:18,300 NARRATOR: Does this survivalist know something we don't? 133 00:08:18,433 --> 00:08:22,233 Whatever the truth is, he's taking no chances. 134 00:08:22,367 --> 00:08:24,400 ROBERT VICINO: I don't know what inspired Noah 135 00:08:24,533 --> 00:08:26,667 but I would imagine he was as passionate about what 136 00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:29,834 he was doing as I am. 137 00:08:29,967 --> 00:08:32,967 NARRATOR: Are Robert Vicino and Patrick Geryl 138 00:08:33,100 --> 00:08:35,800 simply prophets of doom? 139 00:08:35,934 --> 00:08:37,233 Or could they be right? 140 00:08:38,734 --> 00:08:40,934 Will a supervolcano cause he end of the world? 141 00:08:47,066 --> 00:08:48,300 WILLIAM SHATNER: Crazy, isn't it? 142 00:08:48,433 --> 00:08:52,700 I mean if you listened to every doomsday prediction, 143 00:08:52,834 --> 00:08:56,667 prophecy or conspiracy theory, you'd never leave 144 00:08:56,800 --> 00:08:57,867 the house right? 145 00:08:58,000 --> 00:08:59,166 I mean what is it with these people? 146 00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:00,500 Do they think that just because they say a giant 147 00:09:00,633 --> 00:09:02,967 volcano is gonna rip through this planet and 148 00:09:03,100 --> 00:09:05,800 wipe us out that we're gonna believe them? 149 00:09:05,934 --> 00:09:07,433 I don't believe a word they say. 150 00:09:07,567 --> 00:09:08,633 I'm just being careful. 151 00:09:21,400 --> 00:09:23,333 NARRATOR: A man decoding the texts of the ancients 152 00:09:23,467 --> 00:09:28,266 Mayans uncovers an astonishing prophecy. 153 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:33,567 Will a supervolcano at Yellowstone destroy our planet? 154 00:09:33,700 --> 00:09:36,834 Stanley Ambrose is an anthropologist. 155 00:09:36,967 --> 00:09:41,033 He thinks we have reason to believe it might. 156 00:09:41,166 --> 00:09:42,600 STANLEY AMBROSE: I suppose if you really wanted to 157 00:09:42,734 --> 00:09:47,000 stay around in a place that was struck by an 158 00:09:47,133 --> 00:09:48,900 apocalypse that would be a good idea. 159 00:09:49,033 --> 00:09:50,867 I'd rather move. 160 00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:54,266 NARRATOR: A lifetime spent studying supervolcanoes 161 00:09:54,400 --> 00:10:00,300 has convinced Ambrose they're a force to be feared. 162 00:10:00,433 --> 00:10:02,133 STANLEY AMBROSE: If Yellowstone blows, 163 00:10:02,266 --> 00:10:06,367 it would eject a huge amount of dust and gasses up 164 00:10:06,500 --> 00:10:11,233 to fifty kilometers into the stratosphere. 165 00:10:11,367 --> 00:10:13,000 We have to fear global famine. 166 00:10:13,133 --> 00:10:15,867 We can imagine complete loss of crop production 167 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:19,533 for decades to centuries. 168 00:10:19,667 --> 00:10:22,166 NARRATOR: In 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted in 169 00:10:22,300 --> 00:10:24,934 Washington State, sending volcanic ash over 170 00:10:25,066 --> 00:10:26,934 ten kilometers into the air. 171 00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:31,900 Ambrose thinks this massive eruption would be 172 00:10:32,033 --> 00:10:34,166 dwarfed by Yellowstone. 173 00:10:36,433 --> 00:10:40,800 Could humans survive this kind of catastrophic explosion? 174 00:10:40,934 --> 00:10:44,667 We may know the answer, because it's already happened. 175 00:10:46,133 --> 00:10:48,000 STANLEY AMBROSE: The volcanic eruption of Toba 176 00:10:48,133 --> 00:10:50,834 stands among the most explosive and largest 177 00:10:50,967 --> 00:10:54,100 in earth history. 178 00:10:54,233 --> 00:10:56,100 NARRATOR: Around seventy thousand years ago, 179 00:10:56,233 --> 00:11:01,000 a supervolcano exploded at Toba in Indonesia. 180 00:11:01,133 --> 00:11:03,734 It was so powerful it left a crater one hundred 181 00:11:03,867 --> 00:11:07,300 kilometers long, still visible today. 182 00:11:07,433 --> 00:11:09,300 STANLEY AMBROSE: Volcanic ash rained down over an 183 00:11:09,433 --> 00:11:13,133 area larger than the size of the United States. 184 00:11:13,266 --> 00:11:14,767 That's big. 185 00:11:14,900 --> 00:11:16,834 The earth was surrounded by this thick blanket of 186 00:11:16,967 --> 00:11:18,967 sulfuric acid haze. 187 00:11:19,100 --> 00:11:20,967 The sun weakened. 188 00:11:21,100 --> 00:11:24,333 Much solar energy was reflected back into outer space. 189 00:11:24,467 --> 00:11:29,533 The landscape around the world was basically de-vegetated. 190 00:11:29,667 --> 00:11:33,400 It's a global shock to the world's system, what 191 00:11:33,533 --> 00:11:35,800 I call an instant ice age. 192 00:11:35,934 --> 00:11:37,700 NARRATOR: Before the eruption at Toba, 193 00:11:37,834 --> 00:11:42,233 the earth was home to a healthy population of humans. 194 00:11:42,367 --> 00:11:45,700 Ambrose believes we can judge our fate by looking 195 00:11:45,834 --> 00:11:48,400 at what happened to them. 196 00:11:48,533 --> 00:11:49,867 STANLEY AMBROSE: The volcanic eruption caused 197 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:53,166 a population crash unlike any that had been seen 198 00:11:53,300 --> 00:11:57,500 previously in human history and during the 199 00:11:57,633 --> 00:11:59,834 next 10,000 years there were very few 200 00:11:59,967 --> 00:12:01,400 archaeological traces of humans. 201 00:12:03,633 --> 00:12:05,100 NARRATOR: Did a supervolcano take us to 202 00:12:05,233 --> 00:12:08,033 the brink of extinction? 203 00:12:08,166 --> 00:12:12,000 Could Yellowstone do the same now? 204 00:12:12,133 --> 00:12:13,066 STANLEY AMBROSE: Everything within the 205 00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:15,166 blast zone will be buried. 206 00:12:15,300 --> 00:12:19,734 There would probably be general infrastructure failure. 207 00:12:19,867 --> 00:12:23,133 Agricultural production would of course be hammered. 208 00:12:23,266 --> 00:12:25,633 The United States would lose its entire grain belt. 209 00:12:25,767 --> 00:12:29,100 And if the whole world got cold the way it did with 210 00:12:29,233 --> 00:12:34,333 Toba, then there would be few choices of where to go 211 00:12:34,467 --> 00:12:36,133 to get food. 212 00:12:36,266 --> 00:12:38,100 NARRATOR: It's an alarming scenario. 213 00:12:38,233 --> 00:12:40,000 Should we heed the warning? 214 00:12:40,133 --> 00:12:44,233 Is the Yellowstone supervolcano ready to blow? 215 00:12:44,367 --> 00:12:45,734 STANLEY AMBROSE: Sometimes it's bulging up like 216 00:12:45,867 --> 00:12:47,867 it's going to explode. 217 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:51,600 Then these bulges go back down. 218 00:12:51,734 --> 00:12:55,767 One of these bulges coming up is not going to go back down. 219 00:12:55,900 --> 00:12:57,934 The pressure just might continue increasing and 220 00:12:58,066 --> 00:13:01,300 that's when it's time to head for the hills. 221 00:13:02,867 --> 00:13:05,667 NARRATOR: Could Stanley Ambrose be right? 222 00:13:05,800 --> 00:13:08,066 Are billions of people in imminent danger of death 223 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:10,867 by supervolcano? 224 00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:15,367 Jake Lowenstern is the chief scientist at the 225 00:13:15,500 --> 00:13:18,767 Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. 226 00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:20,967 JAKE LOWENSTERN: It's my job to worry about whether 227 00:13:21,100 --> 00:13:22,333 Yellowstone's going to erupt. 228 00:13:22,467 --> 00:13:23,834 NARRATOR: Jake's studied the supervolcano's 229 00:13:23,967 --> 00:13:26,233 behaviour. 230 00:13:26,367 --> 00:13:30,600 He believes it's not a monster, but a pussycat. 231 00:13:30,734 --> 00:13:32,300 JAKE LOWENSTERN: People talk about impending doom 232 00:13:32,433 --> 00:13:34,367 because they know there have been eruptions in 233 00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:36,233 Yellowstone's past. 234 00:13:36,367 --> 00:13:38,200 There have been very, very large eruptions at 235 00:13:38,333 --> 00:13:40,200 Yellowstone the size of eruptions that people will 236 00:13:40,333 --> 00:13:42,767 call super eruptions but there's no reason to 237 00:13:42,900 --> 00:13:46,433 expect an, a big eruption at Yellowstone within our 238 00:13:46,567 --> 00:13:50,266 lifetime, which doesn't seem very worrying to me. 239 00:13:50,400 --> 00:13:53,033 NARRATOR: Why is Jake so sure? 240 00:13:53,166 --> 00:13:54,333 He thinks there's something the prophets of 241 00:13:54,467 --> 00:13:58,400 doom have overlooked. 242 00:13:58,533 --> 00:14:00,100 JAKE LOWENSTERN: Well the way that Yellowstone has 243 00:14:00,233 --> 00:14:02,767 erupted most of the time is through these smaller 244 00:14:02,900 --> 00:14:05,133 lava flows which are similar to those that happen 245 00:14:05,266 --> 00:14:08,467 in Hawaii, which as you can imagine would be locally 246 00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:13,567 very interesting but not an international uh problem. 247 00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:18,533 NARRATOR: In the last two million years, the 248 00:14:18,667 --> 00:14:23,500 Yellowstone supervolcano has had three giant eruptions. 249 00:14:23,633 --> 00:14:28,900 Jake believes a crucial fact is preventing another one. 250 00:14:29,033 --> 00:14:31,467 Yellowstone erupts all the time, but on such a tiny 251 00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:36,166 scale it produces nothing but harmless flows of lava. 252 00:14:36,300 --> 00:14:38,233 JAKE LOWENSTERN: Lava flows can block roads. 253 00:14:38,367 --> 00:14:41,300 Forest fires might start but they sort of roll very 254 00:14:41,433 --> 00:14:43,333 slowly across the ground. 255 00:14:43,467 --> 00:14:46,000 You could generally outrun them very easily so 256 00:14:46,133 --> 00:14:49,133 they're not very damaging events. 257 00:14:49,266 --> 00:14:51,400 NARRATOR: Far from causing a disaster, Jake thinks 258 00:14:51,533 --> 00:14:57,300 these lava flows are keeping a lid on the sleeping giant. 259 00:14:57,433 --> 00:14:59,166 JAKE LOWENSTERN: Anytime that you're having a volcanic 260 00:14:59,300 --> 00:15:02,233 eruption you're removing pressure on the magma chamber. 261 00:15:02,367 --> 00:15:05,100 It seems to be relatively commonplace for 262 00:15:05,233 --> 00:15:07,233 Yellowstone to have this kind of activity. 263 00:15:08,567 --> 00:15:10,400 NARRATOR: Are mini eruptions at Yellowstone 264 00:15:10,533 --> 00:15:14,900 keeping us safe from the supervolcano? 265 00:15:15,033 --> 00:15:16,667 Do they explain its recent rumblings? 266 00:15:18,133 --> 00:15:20,600 JAKE LOWENSTERN: Around 2009, 2010, we had a 267 00:15:20,734 --> 00:15:22,467 couple earthquake swarms. 268 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:25,200 In a swarm you have a number of medium sized 269 00:15:25,333 --> 00:15:26,834 earthquakes and they happen all in one 270 00:15:26,967 --> 00:15:28,800 particular location. 271 00:15:28,934 --> 00:15:32,934 They were among the larger ones that we've had. 272 00:15:33,066 --> 00:15:35,834 NARRATOR: But what caused the quakes? 273 00:15:35,967 --> 00:15:38,400 Scientists believe magma is flowing into the 274 00:15:38,533 --> 00:15:41,767 volcanic chamber, pushing up the crust. 275 00:15:41,900 --> 00:15:46,700 Is this a sign of an impending giant eruption? 276 00:15:46,834 --> 00:15:48,467 JAKE LOWENSTERN: There was about twenty-five 277 00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:51,433 centimeters or ten inches, something like this, of 278 00:15:51,567 --> 00:15:53,333 uplift at Yellowstone. 279 00:15:53,467 --> 00:15:57,400 Between 1925 and 1975, it rose about three times 280 00:15:57,533 --> 00:16:00,900 that amount so that uplift doesn't in particular seem 281 00:16:01,033 --> 00:16:03,133 very worrying to me. 282 00:16:03,266 --> 00:16:04,967 The kinds of activity we're seeing are the kind 283 00:16:05,100 --> 00:16:07,600 of activity that clearly has been going on for 284 00:16:07,734 --> 00:16:10,333 hundreds and even thousands of years. 285 00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:14,000 NARRATOR: Even if Jake is right, there's another 286 00:16:14,133 --> 00:16:16,300 burning question. 287 00:16:16,433 --> 00:16:19,567 Why are some people certain the Yellowstone 288 00:16:19,700 --> 00:16:23,133 supervolcano will erupt in 2012? 289 00:16:25,567 --> 00:16:27,000 JAKE LOWENSTERN: I think there's a subset of the 290 00:16:27,133 --> 00:16:30,433 population out there that just likes to be scared in a way. 291 00:16:30,567 --> 00:16:32,400 They like to, to come up with things that, that 292 00:16:32,533 --> 00:16:35,433 kind of stir the pot but there's no clock beneath 293 00:16:35,567 --> 00:16:37,834 volcanoes that tells them when to erupt. 294 00:16:37,967 --> 00:16:40,400 Based on the information that we're seeing, 295 00:16:40,533 --> 00:16:42,266 there's no guarantee that Yellowstone will ever 296 00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:44,467 have another one of these super eruptions. 297 00:16:47,967 --> 00:16:50,600 NARRATOR: Were the ancient Mayans right? 298 00:16:50,734 --> 00:16:54,333 Will a supervolcano wipe out the human race in the 299 00:16:54,467 --> 00:16:59,333 greatest mass extinction since the big bang? 300 00:16:59,467 --> 00:17:01,333 Or is Yellowstone's sleeping giant nothing 301 00:17:01,467 --> 00:17:05,166 more than a harmless firecracker? 302 00:17:05,300 --> 00:17:07,300 Weird or what? 303 00:17:07,433 --> 00:17:17,400 [♪] 304 00:17:29,467 --> 00:17:31,667 WILLIAM SHATNER: Everywhere you look, 305 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:35,533 our planet is teeming with life, whether a single 306 00:17:35,667 --> 00:17:41,066 celled amoeba, a snail, or incredibly complex 307 00:17:41,200 --> 00:17:43,567 organisms and species - like us. 308 00:17:43,700 --> 00:17:47,567 But all life forms on earth have one thing in common. 309 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:51,100 Our very existence depends upon - in fact is at the 310 00:17:51,233 --> 00:17:57,600 mercy of - just one thing. 311 00:17:57,734 --> 00:18:02,700 If it's in trouble, then there's trouble for all of us. 312 00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:06,967 NARRATOR: They say you shouldn't stare directly 313 00:18:07,100 --> 00:18:10,600 into the sun. 314 00:18:10,734 --> 00:18:12,633 But for over three decades, NASA scientist 315 00:18:12,767 --> 00:18:17,467 David Hathaway has done exactly that. 316 00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:21,500 In 2005, he noticed something very strange. 317 00:18:24,667 --> 00:18:25,900 DAVID HATHAWAY: It was a little unexpected by many 318 00:18:26,033 --> 00:18:28,967 of us, myself included. 319 00:18:29,100 --> 00:18:31,734 NARRATOR: Hathaway was tracking sunspots in giant 320 00:18:31,867 --> 00:18:34,400 regions of intense magnetic activity that 321 00:18:34,533 --> 00:18:38,700 occur on the surface of the sun. 322 00:18:40,700 --> 00:18:42,700 But the greatest danger to our planet is what 323 00:18:42,834 --> 00:18:47,533 explodes out of them - solar flares. 324 00:18:47,667 --> 00:18:49,300 DAVID HATHAWAY: Solar flares can blast material 325 00:18:49,433 --> 00:18:53,467 off of the sun a million miles an hour. 326 00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:56,300 NARRATOR: With a force of ten billion atomic bombs, 327 00:18:56,433 --> 00:18:58,900 solar flares catapult billions of tons of red 328 00:18:59,033 --> 00:19:05,533 hot plasma into space and sometimes directly at Earth. 329 00:19:05,667 --> 00:19:07,500 DAVID HATHAWAY: When it strikes the earth, can 330 00:19:07,633 --> 00:19:09,100 shake the earth's magnetic field. 331 00:19:09,233 --> 00:19:10,934 Uh it does some spectacular things like 332 00:19:11,066 --> 00:19:13,066 produce Aurora Borealis. 333 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:15,734 It can also do things to our technology in particular. 334 00:19:15,867 --> 00:19:19,200 Solar flares can cause satellites to de-orbit and 335 00:19:19,333 --> 00:19:21,133 ultimately re-enter the earth's atmosphere and 336 00:19:21,266 --> 00:19:23,367 burn up so you literally lose the satellite. 337 00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:27,567 NARRATOR: Solar flares and sunspots occur in regular 338 00:19:27,700 --> 00:19:31,600 cycles but in 2008 Hathaway discovered 339 00:19:31,734 --> 00:19:34,767 something remarkable. 340 00:19:34,900 --> 00:19:40,633 Suddenly they appeared to mysteriously stop. 341 00:19:42,300 --> 00:19:44,433 DAVID HATHAWAY: We're seeing the sun spot cycle 342 00:19:44,567 --> 00:19:46,433 the smallest we've seen in at least a hundred years 343 00:19:46,567 --> 00:19:47,900 or perhaps two hundred years. 344 00:19:48,033 --> 00:19:51,500 We didn't see sunspots for literally months at a time. 345 00:19:51,633 --> 00:19:54,867 That had us a little surprised. 346 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:56,800 NARRATOR: Some scientists believe the change in the 347 00:19:56,934 --> 00:20:00,600 sunspot cycles is the calm before an unprecedented 348 00:20:00,734 --> 00:20:04,333 solar storm, a wave of solar flares so 349 00:20:04,467 --> 00:20:07,934 destructive scientists call it Space Katrina. 350 00:20:12,467 --> 00:20:17,033 But now other ominous signs suggest the sun 351 00:20:17,166 --> 00:20:20,200 could be waking from its deep slumber. 352 00:20:20,333 --> 00:20:22,633 DAVID HATHAWAY: We've gone from no sunspots to twenty 353 00:20:22,767 --> 00:20:26,000 or thirty sunspots on the sun at, on a given day now. 354 00:20:26,133 --> 00:20:29,400 We've also seen the number of flares increase. 355 00:20:29,533 --> 00:20:31,567 NARRATOR: Is there something wrong with the 356 00:20:31,700 --> 00:20:35,467 star that gives life to all things on earth? 357 00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:37,033 DAVID HATHAWAY: We've had some fairly wild predictions. 358 00:20:37,166 --> 00:20:38,367 You've got to go way back. 359 00:20:38,500 --> 00:20:41,533 You've got to go back to the sixteen hundreds to find 360 00:20:41,667 --> 00:20:46,700 the sun misbehaving or acting as weirdly as it is now. 361 00:20:46,834 --> 00:20:49,500 NARRATOR: Is our sun preparing to launch the 362 00:20:49,633 --> 00:20:53,467 biggest solar stormn history? 363 00:21:02,266 --> 00:21:05,000 NARRATOR: A NASA scientist discovers strange activity 364 00:21:05,133 --> 00:21:08,867 in solar flares on the surface of the sun. 365 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:11,967 Could a giant solar storm be coming our way? 366 00:21:12,100 --> 00:21:15,066 Or is there another explanation for the sun's 367 00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:16,734 weird behaviour? 368 00:21:20,300 --> 00:21:23,033 Nassim Haramein is a scientist. 369 00:21:25,033 --> 00:21:26,834 He believes he has the answer. 370 00:21:28,333 --> 00:21:31,066 In 2009, he made a remarkable discovery when 371 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:35,667 viewing images taken by a NASA satellite. 372 00:21:36,967 --> 00:21:38,834 NASSIM HARAMEIN: What I notice is when I was 373 00:21:38,967 --> 00:21:42,834 looking at this, first of all we see two objects appear. 374 00:21:42,967 --> 00:21:45,400 Those two objects seem to have moved together and 375 00:21:45,533 --> 00:21:47,800 have moved across the frame. 376 00:21:47,934 --> 00:21:52,533 What's strange about this particular sequence is 377 00:21:52,667 --> 00:21:57,633 that when you follow this object, they make almost a 378 00:21:57,767 --> 00:22:03,867 ninety degree angle turn and then entering the sun. 379 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:07,967 NARRATOR: NASA claimed the objects were simply comets 380 00:22:08,100 --> 00:22:11,000 or glitches, but when Nassim studied them more 381 00:22:11,133 --> 00:22:15,033 closely he came to an amazing conclusion. 382 00:22:15,166 --> 00:22:17,266 NASSIM HARAMEIN: When I started to see these objects, 383 00:22:17,400 --> 00:22:19,233 I couldn't believe my eyes. 384 00:22:19,367 --> 00:22:21,533 They were immense. 385 00:22:21,667 --> 00:22:23,300 I mean they only looked like little dots on the 386 00:22:23,433 --> 00:22:27,166 data but the little dot beside the sun mean that 387 00:22:27,300 --> 00:22:30,667 the object's almost the size of the earth. 388 00:22:32,900 --> 00:22:37,567 NARRATOR: Planet sized objects entering the sun? 389 00:22:37,700 --> 00:22:39,967 Had Nassim found something extraordinary that even 390 00:22:40,100 --> 00:22:42,700 NASA had missed? 391 00:22:42,834 --> 00:22:44,934 He thinks there's only one explanation. 392 00:22:45,066 --> 00:22:47,567 NASSIM HARAMEIN: I believe these objects may be 393 00:22:47,700 --> 00:22:52,266 intergalactic ships from advanced civilization. 394 00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:56,934 They appear to be under intelligent control. 395 00:22:57,066 --> 00:23:02,233 They don't appear to act in a natural way that you 396 00:23:02,367 --> 00:23:05,834 would expect from, you know, cosmological objects 397 00:23:05,967 --> 00:23:09,066 like comets and meteorites and so on. 398 00:23:11,667 --> 00:23:15,033 NARRATOR: Could this explain the sun's odd behaviour? 399 00:23:15,166 --> 00:23:18,266 Are changes in its sunspot and solar flare activity 400 00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:20,133 being caused by alien ships? 401 00:23:21,633 --> 00:23:24,633 NASSIM HARAMEIN: The solar flare appears to emanate 402 00:23:24,767 --> 00:23:30,533 right after the objects impact the sun. 403 00:23:30,667 --> 00:23:34,834 To me, clear that the two are absolutely related and 404 00:23:34,967 --> 00:23:37,567 the sun flare is most likely the shock wave 405 00:23:37,700 --> 00:23:40,800 resulting from the penetration of the objects 406 00:23:40,934 --> 00:23:46,166 through the surface of the sun. 407 00:23:46,300 --> 00:23:48,767 NARRATOR: Alien spacecraft deliberately crashing into 408 00:23:48,900 --> 00:23:51,567 the sun? 409 00:23:51,700 --> 00:23:56,333 It's an incredible theory, but why would they do it? 410 00:23:56,467 --> 00:23:59,000 According to Nassim, the answer lies in the 411 00:23:59,133 --> 00:24:02,200 astronomical records of the ancient Egyptians. 412 00:24:03,533 --> 00:24:06,767 NASSIM HARAMEIN: When I looked at all the data 413 00:24:06,900 --> 00:24:09,734 around the world from all these civilizations, they 414 00:24:09,867 --> 00:24:11,667 all talked about the sun gods. 415 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,400 When you looked at these texts and the way they 416 00:24:14,533 --> 00:24:17,867 described them, they talked about the sun gods 417 00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:21,100 using the, the sun as a gateway. 418 00:24:21,233 --> 00:24:23,567 If you were an advanced civilization, and here I'm 419 00:24:23,700 --> 00:24:26,433 talking about a very advanced civilization, you 420 00:24:26,567 --> 00:24:30,934 could maybe enter and then come out at any other 421 00:24:31,066 --> 00:24:33,500 point in the universe. 422 00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:38,367 NARRATOR: Is our sun part of an intergalactic 423 00:24:38,500 --> 00:24:42,166 highway being used by alien traffic? 424 00:24:42,300 --> 00:24:44,800 Are they responsible for disrupting its natural 425 00:24:44,934 --> 00:24:49,233 cycles and threatening the earth? 426 00:24:49,367 --> 00:24:50,900 WILLIAM SHATNER: Now we did some pretty strange 427 00:24:51,033 --> 00:24:53,400 things on the Enterprise but this is ... 428 00:24:53,533 --> 00:24:55,500 weird or what? 429 00:24:55,633 --> 00:24:56,800 Let me see if I've got this straight. 430 00:24:56,934 --> 00:25:00,934 NASA scientists say our sun's sunspot cycles are 431 00:25:01,066 --> 00:25:05,033 behaving weirdly and this could cause a giant killer 432 00:25:05,166 --> 00:25:08,133 solar flare to head towards Earth, right? 433 00:25:08,266 --> 00:25:10,400 While another guy, Nassim, thinks that there's 434 00:25:10,533 --> 00:25:14,734 something else causing these solar flares. 435 00:25:14,867 --> 00:25:22,000 He thinks aliens in spaceships the size of the 436 00:25:22,133 --> 00:25:28,867 Earth are crashing in and out of the sun wreaking havoc. 437 00:25:29,934 --> 00:25:33,300 Nassim's theory seems crazy? 438 00:25:33,433 --> 00:25:34,667 Or is it? 439 00:25:44,667 --> 00:25:47,867 NARRATOR: Our sun is acting like an oddball. 440 00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:53,233 Are its natural cycles being disrupted by giant UFOs? 441 00:25:53,367 --> 00:25:58,667 Is a fatal solar storm on its way to earth? 442 00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:01,633 NASA researcher David Hathaway has an 443 00:26:01,767 --> 00:26:05,066 explanation that's far more down to earth. 444 00:26:05,200 --> 00:26:07,967 He thinks we have nothing to worry about. 445 00:26:08,100 --> 00:26:10,567 DAVID HATHAWAY: This recent sunspot cycle has 446 00:26:10,700 --> 00:26:14,734 started later than expected and, and I think 447 00:26:14,867 --> 00:26:16,166 I understand it. 448 00:26:16,300 --> 00:26:20,767 The sunspot cycle is caused by magnetic fields. 449 00:26:20,900 --> 00:26:22,934 NARRATOR: The sun's magnetic fields violently 450 00:26:23,066 --> 00:26:28,266 swirl around the surface, like powerful ocean currents. 451 00:26:28,400 --> 00:26:31,233 They produce sunspots and solar flares, until 452 00:26:31,367 --> 00:26:34,600 finally something bizarre happens. 453 00:26:34,734 --> 00:26:38,000 DAVID HATHAWAY: The sun's magnetic field flips. 454 00:26:38,133 --> 00:26:40,200 NARRATOR: Every eleven years, the sun's magnetic 455 00:26:40,333 --> 00:26:43,400 poles do a back flip. 456 00:26:43,533 --> 00:26:45,834 Scientists believe this causes a dramatic decrease 457 00:26:45,967 --> 00:26:50,033 in sunspot and solar flare activity, but does it 458 00:26:50,166 --> 00:26:52,467 threaten us now? 459 00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:55,700 DAVID HATHAWAY: We had weak magnetic fields produced 460 00:26:55,834 --> 00:26:58,767 on the surface of the sun during the last sunspot cycle. 461 00:26:58,900 --> 00:27:01,000 Because they were weak, we'll survive this without 462 00:27:01,133 --> 00:27:03,467 any major inconvenience. 463 00:27:05,033 --> 00:27:06,266 The end of the worlders almost certainly have it wrong. 464 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,867 The timing's just way off. 465 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:11,834 NARRATOR: We may be safe for the moment, but could 466 00:27:11,967 --> 00:27:15,700 a mega solar storm hit us in the future? 467 00:27:15,834 --> 00:27:18,567 And what would happen if it did? 468 00:27:21,500 --> 00:27:25,066 Lawrence Joseph is a science journalist. 469 00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:27,100 LAWRENCE JOSEPH: If a solar storm hit today, 470 00:27:27,233 --> 00:27:29,100 it would knock us out, would knock civilization 471 00:27:29,233 --> 00:27:32,467 to its knees without any exaggeration. 472 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:34,767 NARRATOR: How? 473 00:27:34,900 --> 00:27:39,767 An historical event could provide the answer. 474 00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:44,033 On September 1st, 1859, British astronomer 475 00:27:44,166 --> 00:27:47,333 Richard Carrington was looking through his telescope 476 00:27:47,467 --> 00:27:53,033 when a giant solar flare exploded onto the earth. 477 00:27:56,900 --> 00:27:58,100 LAWRENCE JOSEPH: It caused the northern lights to 478 00:27:58,233 --> 00:27:59,300 dance down to the equator. 479 00:27:59,433 --> 00:28:00,934 You could read a book at midnight outside because 480 00:28:01,066 --> 00:28:04,433 of the, the incredible radiation. 481 00:28:04,567 --> 00:28:05,800 The Carrington Event caused some fires in 482 00:28:05,934 --> 00:28:08,266 telegraph offices and caused some disruption but 483 00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:12,734 basically it didn't inflict great damage. 484 00:28:12,867 --> 00:28:17,166 NARRATOR: Why didn't this massive flare destroy us? 485 00:28:17,300 --> 00:28:18,767 LAWRENCE JOSEPH: There was no power grid holding 486 00:28:18,900 --> 00:28:19,800 society together. 487 00:28:19,934 --> 00:28:21,166 There was no telecom. 488 00:28:21,300 --> 00:28:22,433 There was no - none of the things that we've come to 489 00:28:22,567 --> 00:28:26,900 rely upon existed back then. 490 00:28:27,033 --> 00:28:28,700 NARRATOR: Joseph believes that if a similar solar 491 00:28:28,834 --> 00:28:30,867 flare hit us today, our massive reliance on 492 00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:33,300 electricity would be our downfall. 493 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,266 LAWRENCE JOSEPH: We're talking a blackout that 494 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:43,600 could last months or years, could cover 495 00:28:43,734 --> 00:28:45,633 half to two thirds of the continent. 496 00:28:46,967 --> 00:28:50,967 After a month, I can't really see anything but 497 00:28:51,100 --> 00:28:54,100 anarchy or the beginning of it. 498 00:28:54,233 --> 00:28:55,767 It's the paradox of progress I call it. 499 00:28:55,900 --> 00:28:58,600 We have become more vulnerable to these storms 500 00:28:58,734 --> 00:29:01,700 and the storms are headed our way. 501 00:29:01,834 --> 00:29:03,667 The shields are down, Scotty. 502 00:29:05,166 --> 00:29:07,967 NARRATOR: In 1989, a small solar flare knocked out 503 00:29:08,100 --> 00:29:11,600 the Quebec power grid and left six million people 504 00:29:11,734 --> 00:29:15,633 without power in the dead of winter. 505 00:29:15,767 --> 00:29:19,333 Joseph believes a giant flare would destroy every 506 00:29:19,467 --> 00:29:22,100 power grid on the planet. 507 00:29:22,233 --> 00:29:25,867 No electricity means no food. 508 00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:27,233 LAWRENCE JOSEPH: I'm damn concerned. 509 00:29:27,367 --> 00:29:30,900 People would really begin to die off in large numbers. 510 00:29:31,033 --> 00:29:32,266 So what are you gonna do? 511 00:29:32,500 --> 00:29:33,467 We don't know. 512 00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:34,667 I mean people go head for the hills. 513 00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:35,767 What are you going to do in the hills? 514 00:29:35,900 --> 00:29:37,166 I don't know what to do in the hills. 515 00:29:37,300 --> 00:29:39,934 Most people don't. 516 00:29:40,066 --> 00:29:42,633 NARRATOR: Have our advances in technology 517 00:29:42,767 --> 00:29:46,834 made us vulnerable to a super solar storm? 518 00:29:46,967 --> 00:29:51,333 Is the sun's mysterious behaviour natural? 519 00:29:51,467 --> 00:29:54,300 Or are aliens to blame? 520 00:29:54,533 --> 00:29:57,800 Weird or what? 521 00:29:57,934 --> 00:30:07,900 [♪] 522 00:30:17,100 --> 00:30:18,934 NARRATOR: A world-renowned inventor makes an 523 00:30:19,066 --> 00:30:21,133 astonishing prediction. 524 00:30:21,266 --> 00:30:22,300 RAY KURZWEIL: Twenty years from now, computers will 525 00:30:22,433 --> 00:30:24,700 be operating fully at human levels. 526 00:30:26,367 --> 00:30:28,433 NARRATOR: Are we facing an uprising of killer machines? 527 00:30:28,567 --> 00:30:31,166 Could the Terminator be real? 528 00:30:42,066 --> 00:30:43,800 WILLIAM SHATNER: It's incredible, isn't it? 529 00:30:43,934 --> 00:30:46,467 If we're to believe the ancient prophecies or our 530 00:30:46,600 --> 00:30:49,500 modern day doomsday theorists or even some of 531 00:30:49,633 --> 00:30:53,000 our best scientists, then not only is the end of the 532 00:30:53,133 --> 00:30:56,700 world going to happen - but there's lots of ways 533 00:30:56,834 --> 00:31:02,700 that nature could destroy us - and none of them are nice. 534 00:31:07,066 --> 00:31:08,567 But what if they're all wrong? 535 00:31:08,700 --> 00:31:11,266 What if the thing that will wipe us out has 536 00:31:11,400 --> 00:31:15,033 nothing to do with volcanoes or solar storms? 537 00:31:15,166 --> 00:31:20,300 What if there's something, aside from nuclear weapons 538 00:31:20,433 --> 00:31:25,066 of course, that we've created that's an even 539 00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:27,400 bigger threat. 540 00:31:30,533 --> 00:31:33,900 Weird or what? 541 00:31:36,967 --> 00:31:38,467 NARRATOR: In 1984, Hollywood gave the world a 542 00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:41,700 futuristic science fiction blockbuster - the story of 543 00:31:41,834 --> 00:31:47,133 a cyborg assassin sent back in time from 2029. 544 00:31:47,266 --> 00:31:50,100 The Terminator posed a remarkable question. 545 00:31:50,233 --> 00:31:54,400 Could robots take over and destroy us? 546 00:31:54,533 --> 00:31:59,266 Nearly three decades later, we may have the answer. 547 00:32:01,500 --> 00:32:03,500 Ray Kurzweil is a world-renowned inventor 548 00:32:03,633 --> 00:32:05,700 and futurist. 549 00:32:05,834 --> 00:32:07,834 He believes science fiction will become 550 00:32:07,967 --> 00:32:11,033 reality sooner than we think. 551 00:32:11,166 --> 00:32:12,567 RAY KURZWEIL: In the last fifteen years we've seen 552 00:32:12,700 --> 00:32:17,066 millions-fold improvement in the power of computers 553 00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:19,600 and this is not just an idle speculation about the future. 554 00:32:19,734 --> 00:32:21,333 That's what we've seen. 555 00:32:21,467 --> 00:32:22,867 Twenty years from now computers will be 556 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:26,200 operating fully at human levels. 557 00:32:26,333 --> 00:32:27,533 NARRATOR: It's an extraordinary theory based 558 00:32:27,667 --> 00:32:29,400 on an extraordinary fact. 559 00:32:29,533 --> 00:32:32,834 Today's computers are one hundred billion times more 560 00:32:32,967 --> 00:32:36,633 powerful than they were a century ago and their 561 00:32:36,767 --> 00:32:39,233 power is growing. 562 00:32:39,367 --> 00:32:43,000 Kurzweil believes they are rapidly catching us. 563 00:32:44,333 --> 00:32:45,667 RAY KURZWEIL: Computers already exceed humans at 564 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:49,133 logical uh thinking like playing games. 565 00:32:49,266 --> 00:32:51,266 There are robotic cars with artificial 566 00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:54,433 intelligence that are driving without human drivers. 567 00:32:54,567 --> 00:32:56,533 A computer today can look at an electrocardiogram 568 00:32:56,667 --> 00:32:58,867 and diagnose it with the accuracy of doctors and 569 00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:01,200 that's something that wasn't feasible even a couple 570 00:33:01,333 --> 00:33:05,133 years ago so things are moving more and more quickly. 571 00:33:06,600 --> 00:33:07,834 NARRATOR: Are we experiencing the rise of 572 00:33:07,967 --> 00:33:10,667 the machines? 573 00:33:10,800 --> 00:33:14,100 Are our PCs more than simply harmless pieces 574 00:33:14,233 --> 00:33:16,700 of plastic and metal? 575 00:33:16,834 --> 00:33:17,967 RAY KURZWEIL: They'll continue to grow 576 00:33:18,100 --> 00:33:19,900 exponentially in the basic hardware power, 577 00:33:20,033 --> 00:33:22,066 more than doubling in power every year. 578 00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:24,100 We'll get to human levels of intelligence in 579 00:33:24,233 --> 00:33:28,000 a machine by my estimates around 2029. 580 00:33:29,233 --> 00:33:29,967 NARRATOR: Wait a minute. What did he say? 581 00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:31,567 [reverses speech] 582 00:33:31,700 --> 00:33:32,967 RAY KURZWEIL: We'll get to human levels of 583 00:33:33,100 --> 00:33:38,500 intelligence in a machine by my estimates around 2029. 584 00:33:38,633 --> 00:33:42,000 NARRATOR: 2029 is the year from which the terminator 585 00:33:42,133 --> 00:33:44,300 made its return. 586 00:33:44,433 --> 00:33:47,800 Will machines equal, then surpass our brain power 587 00:33:48,033 --> 00:33:49,800 in just twenty years? 588 00:33:49,934 --> 00:33:55,100 Incredibly, Kurzweil believes it won't end there. 589 00:33:55,233 --> 00:33:56,800 RAY KURZWEIL: By my calculations, when we get 590 00:33:56,934 --> 00:34:00,266 to around 2045, we will have multiplied the 591 00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:03,233 intelligence of our human machine civilization a 592 00:34:03,367 --> 00:34:06,367 billion fold by merging with this intelligent 593 00:34:06,500 --> 00:34:08,734 technology we're creating. 594 00:34:08,867 --> 00:34:11,266 That will be such a profound singular 595 00:34:11,400 --> 00:34:14,233 transformation when we can actually vastly multiple 596 00:34:14,367 --> 00:34:17,133 our own intelligence. 597 00:34:18,533 --> 00:34:22,000 NARRATOR: Will man and machine merge before the 598 00:34:22,133 --> 00:34:24,300 middle of this century? 599 00:34:24,433 --> 00:34:27,700 And if so, what does it mean for us? 600 00:34:27,834 --> 00:34:29,367 RAY KURZWEIL: It's not an invasion, you know, 601 00:34:29,500 --> 00:34:32,333 from another planet. 602 00:34:32,467 --> 00:34:33,734 People say oh we'll lose our humanity. 603 00:34:33,867 --> 00:34:36,633 In my mind that is our humanity. 604 00:34:36,767 --> 00:34:39,633 That's part of who we are. 605 00:34:41,266 --> 00:34:43,734 NARRATOR: Could our world end, not by natural disaster, 606 00:34:43,867 --> 00:34:48,767 but with humankind simply becoming obsolete? 607 00:34:51,734 --> 00:34:54,133 John Leslie is a professor of philosophy at the 608 00:34:54,266 --> 00:34:57,300 University of Guelph in Canada. 609 00:34:57,433 --> 00:35:01,000 JOHN LESLIE: It could be in the next twenty, thirty 610 00:35:01,133 --> 00:35:04,934 years we have computers which are more intelligent 611 00:35:05,066 --> 00:35:08,667 than humans and which take over control over our 612 00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:12,066 lives and there's an obvious possibility there 613 00:35:12,200 --> 00:35:13,900 that things could go badly wrong. 614 00:35:15,266 --> 00:35:16,600 NARRATOR: John believes that far from advancing 615 00:35:16,734 --> 00:35:20,633 humanity, creating über intelligent robots and 616 00:35:20,767 --> 00:35:25,200 computers could backfire on all of us. 617 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:31,066 JOHN LESLIE: If robots became super intelligent, 618 00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:34,200 they could well have very little interest in the human race. 619 00:35:34,333 --> 00:35:36,533 They could think of themselves as superior 620 00:35:36,667 --> 00:35:41,266 humans and look on us in the same way as we look on ants. 621 00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:44,100 A machine could come to the answer let's get rid 622 00:35:44,233 --> 00:35:48,166 of biological humans and put machines in place of them. 623 00:35:49,734 --> 00:35:50,934 NARRATOR: Are the machines we've created going to 624 00:35:51,066 --> 00:35:55,700 turn on us and take over our planet? 625 00:35:55,834 --> 00:35:56,900 Is Hollywood right? 626 00:35:58,667 --> 00:36:00,266 JOHN LESLIE: You have to remember that the science 627 00:36:00,400 --> 00:36:02,667 fiction of today quite often turns out to be the 628 00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:05,266 science fact of tomorrow. 629 00:36:08,333 --> 00:36:10,433 NARRATOR: According to John, it's not only 630 00:36:10,567 --> 00:36:14,867 terminators that pose a very real threat to our survival. 631 00:36:16,200 --> 00:36:17,367 JOHN LESLIE: In fact, one of the dangers here is 632 00:36:17,500 --> 00:36:21,233 that it may be that computers are in charge of 633 00:36:21,367 --> 00:36:24,467 the system, which controls nuclear bombs. 634 00:36:24,600 --> 00:36:26,667 We simply don't know to what extent they are 635 00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:30,300 in charge of the destructive forces. 636 00:36:32,133 --> 00:36:34,433 NARRATOR: Could a machine deliberately trigger a 637 00:36:34,567 --> 00:36:36,867 nuclear holocaust? 638 00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:40,200 It's a terrifying scenario, but Leslie has 639 00:36:40,333 --> 00:36:43,133 an even more frightening theory. 640 00:36:43,266 --> 00:36:46,734 The ultimate threat to the human race is already in 641 00:36:46,867 --> 00:36:49,467 our homes. 642 00:36:49,600 --> 00:36:52,367 JOHN LESLIE: You could argue that the internet is, 643 00:36:52,500 --> 00:36:56,767 at present, a gigantic computer and that its 644 00:36:56,900 --> 00:36:59,367 intelligence far exceeds the intelligence of any 645 00:36:59,500 --> 00:37:01,300 individual human. 646 00:37:01,433 --> 00:37:03,433 Certainly the amount of knowledge you can get very, 647 00:37:03,567 --> 00:37:05,600 very rapidly on the internet is much bigger than 648 00:37:05,734 --> 00:37:10,266 you could get by consulting the greatest memory experts. 649 00:37:10,400 --> 00:37:16,500 I believe that the future of the internet is pretty 650 00:37:16,633 --> 00:37:19,533 certainly gonna push it in the direction of more and 651 00:37:19,667 --> 00:37:21,500 more intelligence. 652 00:37:21,633 --> 00:37:23,200 NARRATOR: Every day, over two billion people log on 653 00:37:23,333 --> 00:37:25,900 to the internet. 654 00:37:26,033 --> 00:37:27,734 It connects most of the world's computers and 655 00:37:27,867 --> 00:37:34,300 databases, moving information around the planet. 656 00:37:34,433 --> 00:37:37,633 John believes the internet could evolve into a central 657 00:37:37,767 --> 00:37:41,300 brain that leads a cybernetic revolt against mankind. 658 00:37:42,934 --> 00:37:44,800 JOHN LESLIE: It could become immensely 659 00:37:44,934 --> 00:37:48,667 intelligent and become, therefore, what takes over 660 00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:52,300 world government and possibly then decides that 661 00:37:52,433 --> 00:37:54,967 humans are irrelevant and gets rid of them. 662 00:37:55,100 --> 00:37:57,233 That's just one way in which we could be 663 00:37:57,367 --> 00:37:59,734 annihilated almost immediately. 664 00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:02,367 NARRATOR: Will robots blow us up with our 665 00:38:02,500 --> 00:38:04,266 own nuclear weapons? 666 00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:08,834 Is the internet going to destroy us? 667 00:38:08,967 --> 00:38:14,200 Will man be enslaved by machines? 668 00:38:17,233 --> 00:38:18,333 WILLIAM SHATNER: You know I never thought machines 669 00:38:18,467 --> 00:38:19,800 were that smart. 670 00:38:19,934 --> 00:38:22,667 I mean most of the gadgets I have are incapable of doing 671 00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:25,467 anything useful at all, let alone reciting Shakespeare. 672 00:38:25,600 --> 00:38:29,133 But if we believe what some of the world's 673 00:38:29,266 --> 00:38:31,834 greatest minds are telling us, these things we've 674 00:38:31,967 --> 00:38:34,467 created are gonna take us over - blow us up with our 675 00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:38,400 own weapons and enslave us for the rest of time. 676 00:38:38,533 --> 00:38:42,033 Could that, could be possible? 677 00:38:42,867 --> 00:38:44,834 Not today my friends. 678 00:38:55,967 --> 00:38:57,233 NARRATOR: Leading scientists believe 679 00:38:57,367 --> 00:38:59,667 machines are becoming so intelligent they will 680 00:38:59,800 --> 00:39:02,900 overtake humans by 2050. 681 00:39:03,033 --> 00:39:07,000 Will they become terminators and annihilate us? 682 00:39:10,667 --> 00:39:13,533 Noel Sharky is a professor of Artificial Intelligence 683 00:39:13,667 --> 00:39:17,433 and Robotics at the University of Sheffield, England. 684 00:39:17,567 --> 00:39:20,500 He says we have nothing to worry about. 685 00:39:20,633 --> 00:39:21,834 NOEL SHARKY: We're really a long way off at the 686 00:39:21,967 --> 00:39:24,567 moment of creating the kind of technology you see 687 00:39:24,700 --> 00:39:27,100 in the likes of the Terminator, with big 688 00:39:27,233 --> 00:39:29,967 humanoid robots armed with machine guns plodding 689 00:39:30,100 --> 00:39:32,467 across the battlefield. 690 00:39:32,600 --> 00:39:33,867 NARRATOR: Some of the world's greatest minds 691 00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:36,533 disagree, but Sharky believes they haven't 692 00:39:36,667 --> 00:39:41,433 asked one simple question - why? 693 00:39:41,567 --> 00:39:43,400 NOEL SHARKY: As a scientist, I need evidence 694 00:39:43,533 --> 00:39:45,500 and there's no evidence of any kind of really smart 695 00:39:45,633 --> 00:39:48,633 intelligence or any kind of desire or robots would 696 00:39:48,767 --> 00:39:51,400 have a desire to take over the world, any more than 697 00:39:51,533 --> 00:39:55,667 a washing machine would want to take over the world. 698 00:39:55,800 --> 00:39:57,633 NARRATOR: Not only does Sharky think that machines 699 00:39:57,767 --> 00:40:01,066 aren't a threat, but they're not nearly as 700 00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:03,200 smart as we make them out to be. 701 00:40:05,266 --> 00:40:06,533 NOEL SHARKY: A lot of people talk about 702 00:40:06,667 --> 00:40:08,667 artificial intelligence at the moment being at the 703 00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:10,700 level of the rat or the slug, and it's going to 704 00:40:10,834 --> 00:40:14,000 get so much smarter and be like a human later. 705 00:40:14,133 --> 00:40:15,934 But for me, I've studied animals all my life, 706 00:40:16,066 --> 00:40:18,834 really, and I would say that current robots 707 00:40:18,967 --> 00:40:21,166 weren't at the intelligence of a bacteria 708 00:40:21,300 --> 00:40:23,467 because bacteria can feed themselves and they know 709 00:40:23,600 --> 00:40:24,800 how to survive. 710 00:40:24,934 --> 00:40:26,133 Robots don't. 711 00:40:26,266 --> 00:40:28,367 They're dependent on me and essentially they're 712 00:40:28,500 --> 00:40:31,066 not bright enough to be called stupid. 713 00:40:35,133 --> 00:40:37,200 NARRATOR: But even if robots and computers are 714 00:40:37,333 --> 00:40:41,166 nothing more than digital dummies, couldn't someone 715 00:40:41,300 --> 00:40:45,867 use them for evil rather than good? 716 00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:47,467 NOEL SHARKY: The problem is that robots are very 717 00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:49,700 limited in what they can do. 718 00:40:49,834 --> 00:40:52,300 You just program a robot but it's all up to what 719 00:40:52,433 --> 00:40:54,066 the programmer puts in there. 720 00:40:54,200 --> 00:40:55,667 There's no reason why the robot themselves would do 721 00:40:55,800 --> 00:40:58,533 anything that we haven't told them to do. 722 00:40:58,667 --> 00:41:00,266 And I certainly wouldn't be programming a robot to 723 00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:02,433 tell it to take over the world and I don't think 724 00:41:02,567 --> 00:41:05,066 anybody else would. 725 00:41:05,200 --> 00:41:06,600 NARRATOR: Instead of creatures with a super 726 00:41:06,734 --> 00:41:10,533 intelligence that surpasses humans, Sharky 727 00:41:10,667 --> 00:41:14,767 thinks machines are our moronic slaves that lack 728 00:41:14,900 --> 00:41:17,467 the one essential ingredient for a robot-led 729 00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:22,100 Armageddon - human emotion. 730 00:41:22,233 --> 00:41:23,400 NOEL SHARKY: We have consciousness and we use 731 00:41:23,533 --> 00:41:26,300 that in our everyday lives, in our thought, in 732 00:41:26,433 --> 00:41:28,667 our desires whereas robots have a really rigid 733 00:41:28,800 --> 00:41:32,066 silicone intelligence, no desires, no wants. 734 00:41:33,834 --> 00:41:36,166 NARRATOR: But if robots have neither the brains 735 00:41:36,300 --> 00:41:39,066 nor the drive for world domination, 736 00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:41,500 why do so many others believe it will happen? 737 00:41:43,367 --> 00:41:44,600 NOEL SHARKY: The whole idea of a robot takeover 738 00:41:44,734 --> 00:41:46,934 is quite odd and it's really the subject of 739 00:41:47,066 --> 00:41:48,800 science fiction right back since the word was 740 00:41:48,934 --> 00:41:51,100 invented in 1921. 741 00:41:51,233 --> 00:41:53,567 All science fiction movies have been about robots 742 00:41:53,700 --> 00:41:57,066 killing humans and taking over the world, but it is 743 00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:58,867 as it says fiction. 744 00:42:00,433 --> 00:42:04,200 NARRATOR: Are robots just mindless heaps of metal? 745 00:42:04,333 --> 00:42:11,433 Or will man and machine merge and destroy the human race? 746 00:42:11,567 --> 00:42:14,100 We'll just have to wait and find out. 747 00:42:14,233 --> 00:42:15,900 Weird or what? 748 00:42:16,033 --> 00:42:26,000 [♪] 749 00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:43,734 NARRATOR: So there we have it - doomsday stories from 750 00:42:43,867 --> 00:42:45,734 the earth, and beyond. 751 00:42:47,400 --> 00:42:52,233 In Wyoming, a deadly supervolcano lies dormant. 752 00:42:52,367 --> 00:42:58,934 Will it explode in 2012 and fulfill a Mayan prophecy? 753 00:42:59,066 --> 00:43:01,800 In Alabama, a NASA scientist discovers the 754 00:43:01,934 --> 00:43:06,100 unthinkable - a giant solar storm could be on 755 00:43:06,233 --> 00:43:10,734 its way to destroy the earth. 756 00:43:10,867 --> 00:43:13,033 And one of the world's greatest minds makes a 757 00:43:13,166 --> 00:43:15,633 startling prediction. 758 00:43:15,767 --> 00:43:20,033 Man and machine will merge by 2050. 759 00:43:20,166 --> 00:43:22,767 Will robots take over? 760 00:43:22,900 --> 00:43:26,133 Are we facing a terminator Armageddon? 761 00:43:26,266 --> 00:43:27,633 Are these stories evidence that the end of 762 00:43:27,767 --> 00:43:31,200 the world is nigh? 763 00:43:31,333 --> 00:43:36,166 Can we dismiss those who claim these things are true? 764 00:43:36,300 --> 00:43:37,734 You decide. 765 00:43:38,600 --> 00:43:40,600 WILLIAM SHATNER: Join me next time for more stories 766 00:43:40,734 --> 00:43:46,567 that will undoubtedly be weird or what? 767 00:43:46,700 --> 00:43:56,667 [♪] 768 00:44:00,066 --> 00:44:09,500 [♪] 769 00:44:09,633 --> 00:44:10,600 [♪] 62488

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