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LOW RADIO CHATTER
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DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
These people are hunting
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for one of the most endangered
animals on the planet.
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The black rhino -
an animal poached for its horn.
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GUN FIRES
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But they aren't going to harm her.
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Dumi Zwane and his team
are on a rescue mission.
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DUMI: I don't think I'll ever
stop fighting for rhino.
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It's just not possible.
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OK! Yeah...
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They're setting up a new breeding
colony in a safe haven.
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Get her on two.
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Two. OK. That's good.
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This female is going to be
at the very centre of it.
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She weighs over a tonne...
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Go!
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..and there's only one way
to get her out.
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That's it.
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There we are. Perfect!
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When I watch it fly off,
it's very emotional.
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It's a beautiful feeling.
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She is sedated and safe...
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...and in less than half an hour,
she'll be back on the ground
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and starting a new life in a project
that could save her entire species,
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thanks to Dumi and
his remarkable team.
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We started making the very first
Planet Earth series
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just over 20 years ago.
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Since then, our camera teams
have filmed all over the world
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and visited some of its wildest
and most remote corners.
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But the truth is that most
of the animals we filmed
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over these last two decades
are now rarer than they were.
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And the places where they live
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are in greater danger
of destruction.
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But I've seen another change
in those years,
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a hopeful change.
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A new generation of remarkable
people are stepping up
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to save wildlife.
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They're overcoming huge obstacles,
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travelling to dangerous places,
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and sometimes even risking
their lives.
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To me, they are true heroes.
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This is the story of some of them.
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Hidden in the heart of the Andes
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is the Centro Jambatu
research centre.
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It's protecting members of
what is, perhaps surprisingly,
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the most endangered group of animals
in the world.
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Frogs.
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These individuals are the very last
of their particular species.
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They're brought here not only
for protection,
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but, more importantly,
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to increase their numbers.
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And the person to find them...
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..Jaime Culebras.
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I was seven the first time
that I saw a frog
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and just changed my life.
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And ever since his childhood,
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he's been exploring the
remotest places
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and searching for the rarest frogs.
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This is a leaf frog.
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He is just amazing.
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It's impossible to don't fall in
love with an animal like this, no?
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But there is one frog here
that is very special.
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His name, Sad Santiago.
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This is Sad Santiago.
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He's sad because he's alone.
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He's one of the last members
of his species.
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And he needs a female.
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Known as the Morona-Santiago
harlequin frog,
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he may be the rarest frog
in the world.
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While the other frogs here
are doing their best
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to increase their populations,
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Santiago has sat alone
for four long years.
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Maybe it's not the most beautiful
frog, but he deserves love.
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Santiago has now grown old,
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and if Jaime can't find a female
for him soon,
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the whole species could
become extinct.
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THUNDER RUMBLES
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The last place where one
of these frogs was seen...
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..was high up on a mountain
in the cloud forest of Ecuador.
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There's only one way to get there.
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DONKEY SNORTS
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Joining him is fellow
frog-hunter Darwin
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and Jaime's partner and
frog scientist, Francesca.
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Oh!
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Come on, vamanos.
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Arriba.
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FRANCESCA: This is one of
the wettest places on Earth,
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and right now it's actually the
wet season, the rainy season,
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so it rains even more.
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Soaking wet and teeming with bugs...
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..it's a perfect place for frogs.
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Let's go.
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Most frogs come out of hiding
at night.
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This place is extremely wonderful.
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But you have to be careful where
you put your hands.
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Being with him is...
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..it's unusual.
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It's not your regular relationship.
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SHE LAUGHS
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Oh, he's obsessed.
He's really obsessed.
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Streams like this should be
full of frogs
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of many different species...
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..but they search all night
and find nothing.
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It's a silent forest.
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It's sad.
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The sound of frogs is slowly
disappearing from our world.
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The only place many frog species
can now be found
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is in a museum.
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A key reason is the spread of
a fungus called chytrid...
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..that can grow on the
moist skins of frogs,
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eventually killing them.
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90 species are thought to have
become extinct as a consequence,
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and almost 600 more are now
critically endangered.
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Before chytrid, I'm pretty sure
that you could walk
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through the stream and
see everywhere
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many, many, many frogs on the rocks,
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calling "prrr-prrr"!
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I wish I had been born before
the frog disease.
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Night after night...
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..they search the stream.
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Jaime!
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At last, there is a discovery.
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The sound is a...
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JAIME TRILLS
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I don't know exactly where,
but it's there, more or less.
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En el agua!
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We have it.
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A glass frog.
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A really beautiful glass frog.
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Glass frogs are becoming
increasingly rare,
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and one day they, too,
could disappear.
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But it's not what they are
looking for.
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The fact is that countless species
go extinct...
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..unnoticed.
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All Jaime can do is to
continue his search
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for a mate for Santiago.
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It's there?
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I found a female!
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Agh!
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Woohoo!
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It's a female! Look.
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The size is bigger than the males.
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Wow.
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I feel so happy!
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The first female!
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She could be the cornerstone of
a new breeding programme.
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Santiago will be very, very,
very, very, very happy.
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JAIME LAUGHS
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Because she's really beautiful!
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In my hand, I have hope.
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I have the saviour of this species,
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for breeding programmes and
for people to reproduce it.
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I don't know, it's like
I just have hope in my hand.
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There are over 7,000 species
of frogs in the world,
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and you may well ask...
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..does it really matter if a few
go extinct?
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Well, just look at this tiny species
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of poison arrow frog.
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Scientists discovered a chemical
on its skin...
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..200 times stronger than morphine.
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Now they are studying how it works
to create powerful new painkillers.
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But the natural world is not just
one vast medicine chest.
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It's far more than that.
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It is our life support system,
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the fabric that holds
our world together.
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Remove a part of it,
a species or a habitat,
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and there's no knowing
what could happen.
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LOW RUMBLING
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A prime example is the
forest elephant.
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They play a crucial role
in maintaining
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the rainforests of Africa...
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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS
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..dispersing seeds and
making clearings
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that are then used by many
other animals.
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We filmed these images in 2004
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for the first Planet Earth series.
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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS
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Nine years later, poachers came here
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and killed 26 elephants
for their ivory...
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..including four of the calves.
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Since that first series,
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the number of forest elephants
across Africa
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has dropped by two-thirds.
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But stopping the slaughter
is a risky business.
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Abidjan, in Cote d'Ivoire,
West Africa...
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..part of the global network
in the illegal ivory trade.
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A stranger has flown in
from Vietnam,
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a hub for the import of ivory.
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Her name - Trang Nguyen.
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Her speciality - infiltrating
the illegal wildlife trade
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by posing as a buyer.
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Trang is working with a network of
conservationists called EAGLE.
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Her contact here is Rens Ilgen.
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But what is particular with this
new trade in West Africa is,
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as you can see, a lot of the tusks
are from baby elephants.
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So, they're really down to
the last elephants.
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Last week, seven people were killed.
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Seven ranger was killed?
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So, clearly, it is not just about
the ivory trade,
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but a lot of people, rangers,
that are being killed as well.
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It's...it's war.
It's war.
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And they're even going for
the baby elephants. Yeah.
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Now Trang is set her task.
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So, I want you to meet the godfather
of ivory.
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We already arrested him
four years ago
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when he had 400kg of ivory,
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which he was supplying to
the Vietnamese community
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linked to the Vietnamese mafia.
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As he has been arrested before,
he might be very cautious.
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It might be dangerous.
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She prepares her disguise
as a businesswoman -
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but under her jacket,
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hidden recording equipment.
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00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:33,640
EAGLE's undercover agents
have been following
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the godfather for years.
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Now is the moment to catch him.
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This is your first meeting.
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You're just going to discuss
and get to know each other.
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See if they have the products.
Exactly.
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I'm going in,
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and I need to sit facing away
from the door,
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because I don't want people
to see me with him.
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We will be close by... Yep.
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..and nothing will go wrong.
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OK.
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Good luck.
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00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:17,360
Bye.
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00:18:24,880 --> 00:18:28,560
She meets the godfather
at a local cafe.
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The secret cameras capture
the story.
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TRANG: Mm-hm.
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But the godfather denies
having any ivory for sale.
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TRANG: Merci.
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Yeah, yeah, yeah.
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Merci.
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Perhaps there's no ivory.
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Or maybe he doesn't trust Trang.
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It's a serious setback.
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But there are other traders
out there.
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Perhaps her presence in town
will draw them in.
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00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:03,080
Every day that passes,
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more elephants are killed.
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For Trang,
this work is very personal.
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00:20:23,360 --> 00:20:26,680
When I was 23, I got the phone call.
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The doctor told me
that I had bowel cancer.
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00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:36,600
The first thing pop up in my mind
is that I'm so young,
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well, how can I get cancer?
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Once you have cancer,
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you don't know how long
you're going to live for,
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and if I want to do anything,
then I should just do it now.
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And that's when I said, "OK,
I'm just going to do undercover,"
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because I don't know when
I'm going to die.
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I might as well do something
really meaningful.
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Currently, Trang is in remission.
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00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:18,000
Three days later,
there's a breakthrough.
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PHONE PINGS
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A video sent by a trader.
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I can see that this video
have about 14, 15 ivory.
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They are big tusks, they are
also small tusks as well.
259
00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:36,240
It's obviously come from
baby elephants.
260
00:21:36,240 --> 00:21:37,920
The bait has been taken.
261
00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:40,680
Trang and the EAGLE team
must act fast.
262
00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:51,240
She goes to meet the new targets.
263
00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:56,080
First job...
264
00:21:56,080 --> 00:21:57,160
TRANG: Bonsoir.
265
00:21:57,160 --> 00:21:58,920
..gain their trust.
266
00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:09,840
Cheers.
267
00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:10,920
Cheers. Cheers.
268
00:22:12,120 --> 00:22:14,360
TRANG SPEAKING ENGLISH:
269
00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:21,360
TRADER: OK.
270
00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:25,440
Eventually, Trang persuades
the traders to move to
271
00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:28,760
a hotel room nearby...
272
00:22:28,760 --> 00:22:32,440
..to weigh the ivory and
make the transaction.
273
00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:45,800
TRANG: Close the door.
Close the door.
274
00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:03,960
Ivory is sold by the kilo.
275
00:23:03,960 --> 00:23:05,920
TRANG: That is just over 20.
276
00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:07,280
20.2?
277
00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:08,760
TRADER: 20.3.
278
00:23:08,760 --> 00:23:12,120
A whole elephant family was killed
for this haul.
279
00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:15,200
LOW CHATTER
280
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:18,000
It's worth over £5,000.
281
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:21,080
Here, that is a year's salary.
282
00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:27,760
What the traders don't realise...
283
00:23:27,760 --> 00:23:30,960
..is that the police are
in the room above,
284
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,800
waiting for a text from Trang.
285
00:23:44,120 --> 00:23:46,440
SOFTLY: OK, let's go.
286
00:23:57,200 --> 00:23:59,560
WHISPERING
287
00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:01,200
KNOCK ON DOOR
288
00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:02,680
TRANG: Who's there?
289
00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:05,160
Service?
290
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:14,680
TRANG: You go open the door.
291
00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:16,120
TRADER: OK.
292
00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:17,800
QUIETLY: Just put it down here.
293
00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:22,200
Police! Police!
294
00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:23,920
TRANG SCREAMS
295
00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:25,840
Don't move, don't move, don't move!
296
00:24:25,840 --> 00:24:27,880
TRANG SCREAMS
297
00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:39,960
TRANG SPEAKING FRENCH:
298
00:24:42,560 --> 00:24:44,400
For her own safety,
299
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:48,120
she has to keep her cover story
and behave as a criminal...
300
00:24:48,120 --> 00:24:50,000
MUFFLED SHOUTING
301
00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:56,040
..which means she must also
be arrested.
302
00:24:56,040 --> 00:24:59,040
POLICE ISSUE ORDERS
303
00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:09,640
A link in the global supply chain...
304
00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:10,960
..broken.
305
00:25:20,120 --> 00:25:22,440
Trang is whisked away,
306
00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:25,880
whilst the traders are taken
to the police station,
307
00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:29,120
none the wiser about
her involvement.
308
00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:41,120
Over the next year,
EAGLE catch 140 more traffickers
309
00:25:41,120 --> 00:25:44,960
in the fight against the global
wildlife trade.
310
00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:50,960
But for Trang,
this is her last operation.
311
00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:55,880
It's why we can show her face.
312
00:26:04,720 --> 00:26:09,360
It's not safe for her to stay
a minute longer than necessary.
313
00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:20,320
Trang's final task is to vanish
from Abidjan...
314
00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:22,280
..for ever.
315
00:26:29,080 --> 00:26:35,480
Across the world, the numbers of
wild animals are falling alarmingly.
316
00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:37,800
In just two decades -
317
00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:40,960
since we started making the
first Planet Earth series -
318
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:44,640
the abundance of wildlife
around the globe has dropped,
319
00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:47,800
on average, by over 30%.
320
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,440
We're facing a disaster,
a catastrophe.
321
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:58,160
Scientists say that we're on
the edge of a mass extinction.
322
00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:03,480
It's being caused by human activity.
323
00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:07,400
So humans also have the power
to stop it.
324
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:14,600
It takes many qualities to save
even one species.
325
00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:18,480
Determination...
326
00:27:21,160 --> 00:27:22,920
..courage...
327
00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:26,360
..and passion.
328
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:32,200
And often, there's another
ingredient that's needed...
329
00:27:33,920 --> 00:27:36,960
..the ability to think big.
330
00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:46,400
In Vienna, Katharina Huchler is just
starting a new job.
331
00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:48,360
The pay is terrible.
332
00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:51,480
The hours are long.
333
00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:55,920
And there are no days off.
334
00:27:57,480 --> 00:28:01,520
She is about to become
a foster mother.
335
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:02,800
Hi.
336
00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:04,360
Hi.
337
00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:04,360
CHEEPING
338
00:28:04,360 --> 00:28:05,560
Good morning.
339
00:28:05,560 --> 00:28:06,640
Hi. Hi.
340
00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:08,960
And these are her new babies...
341
00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:10,200
Oh.
342
00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:13,080
You're pretty awake. Hi.
343
00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:16,560
..28 of one of the world's
rarest birds.
344
00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:18,120
Hey. Hi.
345
00:28:18,120 --> 00:28:21,040
The northern bald ibis.
346
00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:23,520
You really quickly fall
in love with them.
347
00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:25,000
KATHARINA LAUGHS
348
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:29,320
They were hunted to extinction
in Europe over 400 years ago.
349
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,680
These chicks were born in a zoo.
350
00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:37,440
Katharina's task is to teach them
351
00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:40,400
to become wild, free birds.
352
00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:43,480
Yes, yes, yes. Komm. Komm.
353
00:28:43,480 --> 00:28:48,240
To do that, she must convince them
that she is their mother.
354
00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:51,120
It's a process called imprinting.
355
00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:54,960
While it's happening,
the chicks must never see or hear
356
00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:58,520
any other human except Helena,
357
00:28:58,520 --> 00:29:02,000
who's an ibis foster mum
for the second time.
358
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:05,920
They must always wear identical
yellow clothes
359
00:29:05,920 --> 00:29:10,200
and repeat the same noises
again and again.
360
00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:14,080
We mimic the sounds the adults make,
it's like...
361
00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:16,160
SHE MAKES HOARSE CALL
362
00:29:16,160 --> 00:29:17,880
Kkrukk!
363
00:29:17,880 --> 00:29:19,560
Kkrukk! Kklup.
364
00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:20,960
Kklup. Kklup.
365
00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:22,280
Kklup.
366
00:29:22,280 --> 00:29:23,760
But I'm not good yet at doing it!
367
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:25,000
THEY LAUGH
368
00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:26,560
Goodnight.
369
00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:28,720
They're here when the chicks
fall asleep...
370
00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:30,160
Sleep well.
371
00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:35,000
..and the first thing they see
when they awake.
372
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,160
Good morning, waldies! Hallo!
373
00:29:37,160 --> 00:29:40,120
Let's have something to eat,
shall we? Yes, let's eat.
374
00:29:40,120 --> 00:29:43,680
They're a bit like every human baby.
375
00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:46,400
They just need their food
bit by bit by bit
376
00:29:46,400 --> 00:29:47,760
all day long.
377
00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:49,680
Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
378
00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:52,560
Oh, no, we did it all wrong!
379
00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:54,280
Oh! Aw!
380
00:29:54,280 --> 00:29:56,840
It's really like changing the
nappies of the babies.
381
00:29:56,840 --> 00:30:00,560
28 mouths to feed
and bottoms to wipe,
382
00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:03,600
and all the time talking
to the birds.
383
00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:05,960
Komm, komm, waldies! Komm, komm!
384
00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:07,600
Feeling really tired.
385
00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:10,280
Yeah, I'd really like to sleep
a little bit more.
386
00:30:11,920 --> 00:30:15,640
As the weeks pass, the bond grows.
387
00:30:15,640 --> 00:30:18,560
And then it is time for
their next stage
388
00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:20,760
in becoming wild birds.
389
00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:28,520
They move to a field in
the Austrian Alps.
390
00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:37,200
They've now grown their adult
flight feathers...
391
00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:41,400
...but they're still chicks
on the inside.
392
00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:45,600
So the imprinting must continue.
393
00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:48,080
With this hand gesture we do,
394
00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:51,120
we imitate the bill of an adult ibis
395
00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:53,080
and we combine it with
the greeting sound.
396
00:30:53,080 --> 00:30:54,320
So, this is...
397
00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:56,280
Kklup! Kklup!
398
00:30:56,280 --> 00:31:01,360
All this imprinting is for
a very important reason.
399
00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:06,440
These are migratory birds.
400
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:09,080
In autumn, they must fly south
401
00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:12,200
to their warm feeding grounds
in Italy.
402
00:31:13,320 --> 00:31:16,080
And that is a problem.
403
00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:19,560
They know that they need
to go somewhere,
404
00:31:19,560 --> 00:31:23,080
but they don't know in which
direction and how far.
405
00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:26,440
So they need to learn the route
from their parents.
406
00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:30,560
Their human mothers must show them
the way.
407
00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,480
And that requires a little
ingenuity.
408
00:31:35,480 --> 00:31:37,400
ENGINE POWERS UP
409
00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:48,160
This is where the imprinting
is put to the test.
410
00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:00,400
Will the birds follow them...
411
00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:03,840
..even in a microlight?
412
00:32:03,840 --> 00:32:05,640
KATHARINA: Komm, komm!
413
00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:07,600
Komm, komm, waldies!
414
00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:09,320
Komm, komm!
415
00:32:18,040 --> 00:32:20,440
TRANSLATION:
416
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:26,800
Getting too close is dangerous
for both birds and humans.
417
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:38,480
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
418
00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:57,320
After a wobbly start...
419
00:32:58,720 --> 00:33:00,840
..at last they settle.
420
00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:09,240
The imprinting has worked.
421
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:23,000
Our birds did very well today.
422
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,480
But their biggest challenge
is still to come.
423
00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:41,040
The Zillertal Alps.
424
00:33:46,120 --> 00:33:49,160
A great wall of rock and ice.
425
00:33:58,160 --> 00:34:00,600
It's going to be the most
important flight
426
00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:02,520
of their young lives.
427
00:34:03,640 --> 00:34:07,840
It will take them to the very edge
of exhaustion.
428
00:34:07,840 --> 00:34:11,480
A lot of young birds die during
their first migration.
429
00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:13,440
They are still so inexperienced.
430
00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:18,640
There's also danger for the
foster mothers and the pilots.
431
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,280
If there is a problem with
the microlights,
432
00:34:24,280 --> 00:34:26,600
there is no safe place to land.
433
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:33,160
To gain enough height to fly
over these mountains...
434
00:34:35,520 --> 00:34:39,680
..they must find columns of
rising air called thermals.
435
00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:46,720
A skill these birds would
normally learn
436
00:34:46,720 --> 00:34:49,240
by following their natural mothers.
437
00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:57,120
WIND WHISTLES
438
00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:09,640
It takes expert piloting
to find the thermals.
439
00:35:18,160 --> 00:35:20,520
Once within one,
440
00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:23,480
it's turbulent and unpredictable.
441
00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:46,280
With every turn,
the mothers must make sure
442
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,120
all 28 birds are following.
443
00:36:13,480 --> 00:36:15,240
All 28 birds here.
444
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:19,840
Phew.
445
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:19,840
SHE LAUGHS IN RELIEF
446
00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:36,320
At last, they make it over
the highest ridge.
447
00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:54,960
From now on,
it should be easy flying.
448
00:37:15,880 --> 00:37:19,080
KATHARINA: What we are trying to do,
apart from saving the ibis,
449
00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:21,720
is trying to give hope to people.
450
00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:27,200
If you can bring back one species,
451
00:37:27,200 --> 00:37:29,320
you can also do it with others.
452
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:46,960
A species once left for dead
now has a future.
453
00:37:51,560 --> 00:37:54,160
And they head for their
safe winter home
454
00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:56,880
in a protected nature reserve.
455
00:38:18,120 --> 00:38:19,720
HORN BEEPS
456
00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:23,760
But as we have seen
throughout this series,
457
00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:29,160
many species are losing the wild
habitats they need to survive.
458
00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:35,880
It's the biggest cause
of extinction.
459
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:48,920
Nowhere is this more apparent than
in the Amazon rainforest.
460
00:38:52,360 --> 00:38:56,120
Our Planet Earth crews have filmed
here many times
461
00:38:56,120 --> 00:38:58,720
over the last two decades.
462
00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:06,920
TIMBER CREAKING
463
00:39:06,920 --> 00:39:12,640
And in that time,
over 16,000 million trees...
464
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:16,720
..have been felled.
465
00:39:22,440 --> 00:39:26,840
To safeguard the countless species
that live here...
466
00:39:26,840 --> 00:39:29,480
..the forest itself must be
protected..
467
00:39:31,880 --> 00:39:36,480
And there's a force rising up
to do just that.
468
00:39:38,840 --> 00:39:40,960
TRANSLATION:
469
00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:07,240
Alessandra Korap is one of
the leaders of the Munduruku.
470
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:12,480
They have been the guardians
of this part of the Amazon
471
00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:15,040
for thousands of years.
472
00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:57,320
When she was a child,
this part of the Amazon forest
473
00:40:57,320 --> 00:41:01,120
stretched unbroken
for hundreds of miles.
474
00:41:07,840 --> 00:41:10,360
Now it's being carved up...
475
00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:14,640
..for mining, for timber,
476
00:41:14,640 --> 00:41:17,640
but most of all for agriculture.
477
00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:25,400
This is the front line in
the battle for the Amazon,
478
00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:27,760
and it is a deadly one.
479
00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:36,480
In the last decade, more than
300 people have been murdered
480
00:41:36,480 --> 00:41:39,720
in Brazil defending the environment.
481
00:42:07,360 --> 00:42:10,880
The Munduruku,
like many indigenous groups,
482
00:42:10,880 --> 00:42:13,480
live in isolated communities
483
00:42:13,480 --> 00:42:18,040
vulnerable to attack from miners,
farmers and loggers.
484
00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:49,640
The Amazon's future is decided
2,000 miles away.
485
00:42:52,720 --> 00:42:55,520
Here, in the parliament of Brazil,
486
00:42:55,520 --> 00:42:59,360
new laws are being debated to allow
the exploitation
487
00:42:59,360 --> 00:43:01,800
of their traditional tribal land.
488
00:43:06,680 --> 00:43:10,280
But Alessandra has a plan -
489
00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:13,120
to unite with other tribes
490
00:43:13,120 --> 00:43:15,960
and organise a protest so big
491
00:43:15,960 --> 00:43:18,560
that it cannot be ignored.
492
00:44:07,600 --> 00:44:10,920
It's a three-day journey
to the capital city.
493
00:44:10,920 --> 00:44:13,040
HORN BLARES
494
00:44:14,440 --> 00:44:17,600
Trucks rumble to and from
the fields...
495
00:44:19,480 --> 00:44:23,080
..land that used to be rainforest.
496
00:44:24,320 --> 00:44:28,520
They're carrying thousands of tonnes
of soya beans.
497
00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:35,160
It's shipped from the heart of
the Amazon across the world.
498
00:44:37,040 --> 00:44:39,720
Not to feed humans...
499
00:44:39,720 --> 00:44:41,800
..but to feed livestock.
500
00:45:05,480 --> 00:45:09,560
Eventually, Alessandra makes it
to Brasilia.
501
00:45:11,040 --> 00:45:14,760
News of the protest has spread
all over the country.
502
00:45:18,480 --> 00:45:22,120
200 groups have united
in a huge camp.
503
00:45:22,120 --> 00:45:23,880
PROTESTORS SING
504
00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:29,160
From the northeast of Brazil -
the Xukuru.
505
00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:34,280
From the southern edge of
the Amazon - the Karaja.
506
00:45:45,640 --> 00:45:50,280
For ten days, they protest against
the proposed laws.
507
00:46:08,560 --> 00:46:12,160
Alessandra and the other
leaders have created
508
00:46:12,160 --> 00:46:17,000
the biggest protest by indigenous
people ever held in Brazil.
509
00:46:26,400 --> 00:46:31,440
Later, one of the proposed laws
was withdrawn.
510
00:46:37,200 --> 00:46:39,960
A small but significant victory
511
00:46:39,960 --> 00:46:43,680
in Alessandra's fight for
Brazil's wild places.
512
00:46:52,040 --> 00:46:56,360
The destruction of habitats is
currently the biggest threat
513
00:46:56,360 --> 00:46:59,320
to the survival of animal species.
514
00:46:59,320 --> 00:47:03,800
But there is an even greater
disaster on the horizon.
515
00:47:03,800 --> 00:47:06,440
Our climate is changing.
516
00:47:06,440 --> 00:47:10,400
Seasons have become unpredictable
and more extreme.
517
00:47:10,400 --> 00:47:13,360
Our planet is getting hotter.
518
00:47:16,360 --> 00:47:20,040
Scientists predict that if
the global temperature
519
00:47:20,040 --> 00:47:22,800
rises by over two degrees,
520
00:47:22,800 --> 00:47:27,000
it is likely to become the number
one cause of extinction.
521
00:47:29,280 --> 00:47:32,080
To halt climate change,
522
00:47:32,080 --> 00:47:35,320
perhaps politicians need
to become heroes, too.
523
00:47:36,600 --> 00:47:39,200
REPORTER: Hello, good evening,
and a warm welcome to Glasgow
524
00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:42,400
and the start of the long-awaited
climate summit, COP26.
525
00:47:42,400 --> 00:47:44,920
World leaders, prominent scientists
526
00:47:44,920 --> 00:47:47,240
and advisers all ready
for 12 days of...
527
00:47:47,240 --> 00:47:49,880
Mohamed Nasheed is a politician,
528
00:47:49,880 --> 00:47:53,000
the former president of
the Maldives.
529
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:56,760
MOHAMED: The doctors said that
they took 16 ball bearings
530
00:47:56,760 --> 00:48:00,680
from all parts of my body.
531
00:48:00,680 --> 00:48:03,480
I was unconscious for two days.
532
00:48:05,400 --> 00:48:10,440
Over his political career,
he has been tortured, imprisoned
533
00:48:10,440 --> 00:48:14,080
and recently survived
an assassination attempt.
534
00:48:15,720 --> 00:48:18,440
But during that time,
535
00:48:18,440 --> 00:48:22,760
he's also fought relentlessly
against climate change.
536
00:48:24,320 --> 00:48:27,640
..pleasure to be able to bring you
Mohamed Nasheed.
537
00:48:27,640 --> 00:48:29,560
AUDIENCE CHEERS
538
00:48:29,560 --> 00:48:34,040
In Glasgow, on the eve
of climate conference COP26,
539
00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:35,920
he is addressing a rally.
540
00:48:35,920 --> 00:48:37,520
Thank you.
541
00:48:37,520 --> 00:48:39,440
Thank you very much.
542
00:48:43,600 --> 00:48:46,400
So, we come to COP26
543
00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:49,840
to find out whether
we still have a future.
544
00:48:49,840 --> 00:48:54,360
If we cannot have
a legally binding agreement
545
00:48:54,360 --> 00:48:58,360
not to push global temperatures
546
00:48:58,360 --> 00:49:00,880
above 1.5 degrees,
547
00:49:00,880 --> 00:49:03,440
my country will be gone,
548
00:49:03,440 --> 00:49:06,040
as will all the world's coral reefs
549
00:49:06,040 --> 00:49:09,680
and most of the rainforests.
550
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:14,000
Is all this devastation
really worth it,
551
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:18,640
so that we can continue
to burn coal and fossil fuel
552
00:49:18,640 --> 00:49:21,000
for a few more years?
553
00:49:22,520 --> 00:49:26,560
I have spent a lifetime
554
00:49:26,560 --> 00:49:28,960
fighting for my country,
555
00:49:28,960 --> 00:49:31,960
and with more determination
than ever,
556
00:49:31,960 --> 00:49:36,560
because I know my time on Earth
might be cut short.
557
00:49:37,680 --> 00:49:40,960
Mohamed Nasheed's passion
for the natural world
558
00:49:40,960 --> 00:49:45,680
began the first time he saw
a coral reef.
559
00:49:56,920 --> 00:50:00,080
MOHAMED: My earliest memory
560
00:50:00,080 --> 00:50:04,320
is with the ocean and the reef.
561
00:50:04,320 --> 00:50:09,880
We were the first generation
to actually see the reef.
562
00:50:09,880 --> 00:50:13,360
Masks and goggles came
to the Maldives
563
00:50:13,360 --> 00:50:16,040
in the late '60s, early '70s.
564
00:50:17,800 --> 00:50:25,040
Once we started seeing the reef
as a living creature...
565
00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:28,720
..we were just dumbfounded.
566
00:50:31,360 --> 00:50:36,120
But Nasheed's beloved coral
is now the habitat
567
00:50:36,120 --> 00:50:39,960
that is most threatened
by climate change.
568
00:50:44,280 --> 00:50:49,160
The critical tipping point is
a 1.5 degree temperature rise.
569
00:50:50,360 --> 00:50:53,440
Beyond that, most reefs will die,
570
00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:56,440
leaving nothing but rubble.
571
00:50:59,200 --> 00:51:01,920
When you think of a bigger picture,
572
00:51:01,920 --> 00:51:06,600
then your own life
is not so important.
573
00:51:08,400 --> 00:51:12,080
It's what you want to get done
which is important.
574
00:51:15,240 --> 00:51:19,360
Nasheed's aim is to persuade
politicians to cut the use
575
00:51:19,360 --> 00:51:21,800
of coal and other fossil fuels.
576
00:51:23,600 --> 00:51:27,280
He repeats this plea at every
climate conference.
577
00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:29,880
You need to be able to
convince people,
578
00:51:29,880 --> 00:51:32,040
try to educate people.
579
00:51:32,040 --> 00:51:33,840
We are in trouble.
580
00:51:33,840 --> 00:51:38,360
We will not survive if the planet
is heated above 1.5 degrees.
581
00:51:38,360 --> 00:51:40,560
We must act now.
582
00:51:40,560 --> 00:51:44,840
At first, journalists are reporting
on some eye-catching promises
583
00:51:44,840 --> 00:51:47,000
made by heads of state.
584
00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:49,640
REPORTER: 18 countries have
committed themselves
585
00:51:49,640 --> 00:51:52,440
to a plan to stop using coal-fired
power plants.
586
00:51:52,440 --> 00:51:54,280
It is an election issue now.
587
00:51:54,280 --> 00:51:57,960
That is why world leaders have
joined the rhetoric.
588
00:51:57,960 --> 00:52:03,680
The next stage -
turning promises into solid plans.
589
00:52:03,680 --> 00:52:07,120
And Nasheed is busy working
behind the scenes.
590
00:52:07,120 --> 00:52:10,080
If they don't agree, we will ring
their ministers, their presidents
591
00:52:10,080 --> 00:52:11,800
and get them online.
592
00:52:11,800 --> 00:52:13,920
I think that's what we're
trying to do.
593
00:52:13,920 --> 00:52:15,760
So let's do this.
594
00:52:17,360 --> 00:52:18,920
How are you, Prime Minister?
595
00:52:18,920 --> 00:52:20,160
Yeah, OK. I can hear you,
596
00:52:20,160 --> 00:52:22,440
but I can hear the Prime Minister
much clearer.
597
00:52:22,440 --> 00:52:25,800
All countries need to agree
to the final text -
598
00:52:25,800 --> 00:52:28,040
and some won't.
599
00:52:28,040 --> 00:52:31,480
People who want to continue
fossil fuel,
600
00:52:31,480 --> 00:52:33,880
I think, are the bad guys.
601
00:52:33,880 --> 00:52:38,000
And people who want to change,
I feel, are the good guys.
602
00:52:39,320 --> 00:52:41,160
Thank you. Thank you so much.
603
00:52:42,760 --> 00:52:46,640
After 14 days, this COP closes...
604
00:52:46,640 --> 00:52:49,120
..with some progress,
605
00:52:49,120 --> 00:52:52,320
but also with big compromises.
606
00:52:52,320 --> 00:52:55,040
NEWSREADER: An agreement
was finally reached this evening
607
00:52:55,040 --> 00:52:57,480
after a key section on
the future use of coal
608
00:52:57,480 --> 00:52:59,440
was at the last moment watered down.
609
00:53:01,040 --> 00:53:04,440
Without urgent new commitments,
610
00:53:04,440 --> 00:53:07,920
the target of 1.5 degrees
will be missed.
611
00:53:07,920 --> 00:53:09,920
It is disastrous.
612
00:53:09,920 --> 00:53:11,440
It will...
613
00:53:11,440 --> 00:53:14,240
If you picture this,
if you can fathom it...
614
00:53:16,840 --> 00:53:20,760
..the coral will bleach
615
00:53:20,760 --> 00:53:22,760
and they will die,
616
00:53:22,760 --> 00:53:24,920
and when they are dead,
617
00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:29,400
the fish and the marine life
that lives there...
618
00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:31,600
..cease to exist.
619
00:53:42,680 --> 00:53:45,960
You would have thought that your
normal prime minister
620
00:53:45,960 --> 00:53:47,640
and president...
621
00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:53,120
..would have a better grip on
understanding things.
622
00:53:53,120 --> 00:53:57,240
And not just go on and on and on
623
00:53:57,240 --> 00:53:59,480
about protecting their way of life.
624
00:54:02,240 --> 00:54:06,360
So it's frustrating to see
politicians...
625
00:54:07,600 --> 00:54:10,160
..who doesn't seem to understand it.
626
00:54:14,560 --> 00:54:16,760
With current policies,
627
00:54:16,760 --> 00:54:20,160
99% of coral reefs
could be gone...
628
00:54:21,840 --> 00:54:24,160
..in under 30 years.
629
00:54:25,440 --> 00:54:28,120
Other habitats will follow.
630
00:54:32,400 --> 00:54:34,080
You can't lose hope.
631
00:54:35,400 --> 00:54:37,280
You cannot give up.
632
00:54:38,680 --> 00:54:40,240
I will not stop.
633
00:54:42,160 --> 00:54:45,920
Nasheed believes there is
a solution.
634
00:54:49,640 --> 00:54:53,640
The more environment becomes
an election issue,
635
00:54:53,640 --> 00:54:57,160
there will be more action
on climate.
636
00:54:58,640 --> 00:55:03,080
Every time you vote,
in every election,
637
00:55:03,080 --> 00:55:05,320
please tick the planet.
638
00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:22,520
The challenge of saving species
can't be left to a few
639
00:55:22,520 --> 00:55:27,000
heroic individuals working
against the odds.
640
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:29,640
It's those in positions
of great power
641
00:55:29,640 --> 00:55:32,240
who can make
the most difference.
642
00:55:32,240 --> 00:55:38,120
So, ultimately, it is they who must
take the most responsibility.
643
00:55:38,120 --> 00:55:43,440
Perhaps one of our roles is
to hold them to account.
644
00:55:43,440 --> 00:55:47,120
Time is running out
for many species,
645
00:55:47,120 --> 00:55:51,240
but I truly believe that if the
right decisions are made now,
646
00:55:51,240 --> 00:55:53,680
at this critical moment,
647
00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:57,200
there could still be a bright future
for all life
648
00:55:57,200 --> 00:56:00,280
on our wonderful planet Earth.
649
00:57:10,040 --> 00:57:13,960
Habitat Explorer brings animals
and their habitats to life.
650
00:57:13,960 --> 00:57:17,720
Explore this free interactive,
and make origami animals.
651
00:57:17,720 --> 00:57:21,720
Go to bbc.co.uk/planetearth3
652
00:57:21,720 --> 00:57:24,240
and follow the links to
the Open University.
653
00:57:24,240 --> 00:57:26,440
Or to order a free printed version,
654
00:57:26,440 --> 00:57:29,920
visit the website or call the
numbers on the screen.
74380
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