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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:44,430 --> 00:00:55,530 SUBTITLES EDITOR CXWONG, opensubtitles.org 2 00:01:18,660 --> 00:01:19,910 Dr. Oppenheimer. 3 00:01:21,620 --> 00:01:22,830 Dr. Oppenheimer. 4 00:01:24,290 --> 00:01:27,840 As we begin, I believe you have a statement to read into the record. 5 00:01:29,510 --> 00:01:30,930 Yes, Your Honor. 6 00:01:31,010 --> 00:01:33,220 We're not judges, Doctor. 7 00:01:33,300 --> 00:01:34,970 No. 8 00:01:35,050 --> 00:01:36,260 Of course. 9 00:01:41,810 --> 00:01:43,850 Members of the security board. 10 00:01:44,810 --> 00:01:48,480 The so-called and derogatory information in your indictment of me 11 00:01:48,570 --> 00:01:50,150 cannot be fairly understood, 12 00:01:50,240 --> 00:01:53,700 except in the context of my life and my work. 13 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,240 How long did he testify? 14 00:01:57,030 --> 00:01:58,790 Honestly, I forget. 15 00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:02,160 The whole hearing took a month. 16 00:02:02,250 --> 00:02:03,460 An ordeal. 17 00:02:03,540 --> 00:02:06,540 I've only read the transcripts, but... 18 00:02:08,340 --> 00:02:10,090 Who'd want to justify their whole life? 19 00:02:10,170 --> 00:02:12,800 -You weren't there? -As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be. 20 00:02:12,880 --> 00:02:15,010 Are they really going to ask about it? 21 00:02:15,510 --> 00:02:17,220 It was years ago. 22 00:02:17,310 --> 00:02:18,890 - Four years ago. - Five. 23 00:02:19,930 --> 00:02:21,560 Oppenheimer still divides America. 24 00:02:21,640 --> 00:02:23,940 The committee is gonna want to know where you stood. 25 00:02:24,690 --> 00:02:28,320 Senator Thurmond asked me to say not to feel that you're on trial. 26 00:02:28,400 --> 00:02:31,400 Aw. Funny, I didn't till you just said that. 27 00:02:31,490 --> 00:02:32,570 Really, Mr. Strauss-- 28 00:02:32,650 --> 00:02:33,740 It's Admiral. 29 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:36,530 Admiral Strauss. This is a formality. 30 00:02:36,620 --> 00:02:38,830 President Eisenhower has asked you to be in his cabinet. 31 00:02:38,910 --> 00:02:40,660 Senate really has no choice but to confirm you. 32 00:02:40,750 --> 00:02:43,080 And if they bring up Oppenheimer? 33 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:45,500 When they bring up Oppenheimer, you answer honestly. 34 00:02:45,580 --> 00:02:47,790 No senator can deny you did your duty. 35 00:02:47,880 --> 00:02:49,670 It'll be uncomfortable. 36 00:02:50,250 --> 00:02:52,210 Who'd want to justify their whole life? 37 00:02:57,260 --> 00:03:00,060 Why did you leave the United States? 38 00:03:01,810 --> 00:03:05,350 I, uh, wanted to study the new physics. 39 00:03:05,440 --> 00:03:06,900 Was there nowhere here? 40 00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:10,730 I thought Berkeley had the leading theoretical physics department. 41 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:13,400 Yes. Once I had built it. 42 00:03:13,490 --> 00:03:15,030 But first I had to go to Europe. 43 00:03:15,110 --> 00:03:18,450 I went to Cambridge to study under Patrick Blackett. 44 00:03:18,530 --> 00:03:20,910 Were you happier there than in America? 45 00:03:21,580 --> 00:03:23,120 -Happier? -Yes. 46 00:03:27,080 --> 00:03:28,750 No. 47 00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:30,000 No, I, uh... 48 00:03:33,090 --> 00:03:34,760 I was homesick, urn, 49 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:37,720 emotionally immature, 50 00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:44,100 troubled by visions of a hidden universe. 51 00:03:55,820 --> 00:03:56,860 Useless in the lab. 52 00:04:02,080 --> 00:04:04,040 Christ, Oppenheimer. 53 00:04:04,620 --> 00:04:06,160 Have you had any sleep? 54 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:09,290 Start again. 55 00:04:09,920 --> 00:04:11,590 I need to go to the lecture, sir. 56 00:04:12,210 --> 00:04:13,210 Why? 57 00:04:13,800 --> 00:04:15,090 It's Niels Bohr. 58 00:04:18,090 --> 00:04:19,220 I'd completely forgot. 59 00:04:20,220 --> 00:04:22,260 All right. Let's go. 60 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:27,350 Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer. You finish coating those plates. 61 00:05:07,980 --> 00:05:11,810 Quantum physics is not a step forward. 62 00:05:11,900 --> 00:05:15,690 It is a new way to understand reality. 63 00:05:15,770 --> 00:05:17,570 Einstein's opened the door. 64 00:05:17,650 --> 00:05:21,910 Now we are peering through, seeing a world inside our world. 65 00:05:21,990 --> 00:05:27,240 A world of energy and paradox that not everyone can accept. 66 00:06:09,950 --> 00:06:12,120 Yeah-- Are you all right? 67 00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:15,330 Niels, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer. 68 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:17,500 What's the "J" stand for? 69 00:06:17,590 --> 00:06:18,920 Nothing, apparently. 70 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:21,510 You were at my lecture. You asked the only good question. 71 00:06:21,590 --> 00:06:23,180 No one's denying his insight. 72 00:06:23,260 --> 00:06:25,550 It's his laboratory work that leaves a little to be desired. 73 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:27,890 I heard you give the same lectu-- 74 00:06:27,970 --> 00:06:30,470 At Harvard, yes, and you asked the same question. 75 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:31,640 Why ask again? 76 00:06:31,730 --> 00:06:32,980 Hadn't liked your answer. 77 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:36,230 Did you like it better yesterday? 78 00:06:36,310 --> 00:06:37,360 A lot. 79 00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:41,940 You can lift the stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed. 80 00:06:42,030 --> 00:06:44,150 Now it seems you're ready. 81 00:06:44,240 --> 00:06:45,700 But you don't enjoy the lab? 82 00:06:46,780 --> 00:06:49,490 So get out of Cambridge with its beakers and potions. 83 00:06:49,580 --> 00:06:52,200 Go somewhere they'll let you think. 84 00:06:53,210 --> 00:06:54,290 Where? 85 00:06:55,750 --> 00:06:56,750 Gรถttingen. 86 00:06:56,830 --> 00:06:58,710 -Born. -Born. 87 00:06:58,790 --> 00:07:00,500 Get to Germany. Study under Max Born. 88 00:07:00,590 --> 00:07:03,130 Learn the ways of theory. 89 00:07:03,220 --> 00:07:04,260 I'll send word. 90 00:07:05,470 --> 00:07:07,140 Wormhole. 91 00:07:08,890 --> 00:07:09,930 How's your mathematics? 92 00:07:10,010 --> 00:07:12,020 Not good enough for the physicist he wants to be. 93 00:07:12,100 --> 00:07:14,350 Algebra's like sheet music. 94 00:07:14,440 --> 00:07:16,600 The important thing isn't "can you read music?" 95 00:07:16,690 --> 00:07:18,190 It's "can you hear it?" 96 00:07:18,270 --> 00:07:20,610 Can you hear the music, Robert? 97 00:07:21,860 --> 00:07:22,860 Yes, I can. 98 00:08:59,250 --> 00:09:00,790 The senator from Wyoming. 99 00:09:01,830 --> 00:09:02,920 Admiral Strauss, 100 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:06,420 I'm interested in your relationship with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 101 00:09:06,510 --> 00:09:08,220 You met him in 1947? 102 00:09:08,760 --> 00:09:09,760 Correct. 103 00:09:10,510 --> 00:09:13,050 You were commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission? 104 00:09:13,140 --> 00:09:18,270 I was, but I actually met Robert in my capacity as board member 105 00:09:18,350 --> 00:09:20,730 of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, 106 00:09:20,810 --> 00:09:23,770 because after the war he was world renowned 107 00:09:23,860 --> 00:09:25,070 as the great man of physics, 108 00:09:25,150 --> 00:09:29,320 and I was determined to get him to run the Institute. 109 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:41,790 Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor. 110 00:09:41,870 --> 00:09:42,960 Mr. Strauss. 111 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:45,250 It's pronounced "straws." 112 00:09:45,340 --> 00:09:46,800 Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer. 113 00:09:46,880 --> 00:09:48,630 Whatever way you say it, they know I'm Jewish. 114 00:09:49,970 --> 00:09:52,890 I'm president of Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan. 115 00:09:52,970 --> 00:09:55,550 "Straws" is just the Southern pronunciation. 116 00:09:55,640 --> 00:09:57,720 Anyway, welcome to the Institute. 117 00:09:57,810 --> 00:09:59,390 I think you could be very happy here. 118 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:01,520 Yes, well, you'll love the commute. 119 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:04,150 The position comes with that house for you and your wife, 120 00:10:04,230 --> 00:10:06,110 and your-- Is it two children? 121 00:10:06,190 --> 00:10:07,190 Yes, two. 122 00:10:07,780 --> 00:10:10,150 I'm a great admirer of your work. 123 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:12,530 And you're a physicist by training, Mr. Strauss? 124 00:10:12,610 --> 00:10:14,700 I'm sorry, common room, four o'clock tea. 125 00:10:14,780 --> 00:10:17,490 No, I'm not trained in physics or anything else. 126 00:10:17,580 --> 00:10:18,620 I'm a self-made man. 127 00:10:18,700 --> 00:10:20,700 Ah. I can relate to that. 128 00:10:20,730 --> 00:10:21,770 Really? 129 00:10:21,360 --> 00:10:23,150 Yes, my father was one. 130 00:10:24,420 --> 00:10:26,960 And this would be your office. 131 00:10:36,470 --> 00:10:38,350 I'm told he's there most afternoons. 132 00:10:38,970 --> 00:10:40,560 You know, I've always wondered 133 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:43,600 why you didn't involve him in the Manhattan Project. 134 00:10:45,940 --> 00:10:48,110 Greatest scientific mind of our time. 135 00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:49,320 Of his time. 136 00:10:50,230 --> 00:10:52,280 Einstein published his Theory of Relativity 137 00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:54,990 more than 40 years ago now. 138 00:10:56,110 --> 00:10:58,660 But never embraced the quantum world it revealed. 139 00:10:58,740 --> 00:11:00,160 "God doesn't play dice." 140 00:11:00,910 --> 00:11:02,290 Precisely. 141 00:11:02,370 --> 00:11:05,080 You never thought of studying physics formally, Mr. Strauss? 142 00:11:05,170 --> 00:11:07,790 I had offers, but I chose to sell shoes. 143 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:10,710 Lewis Strauss was once a lowly shoe salesman. 144 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:13,840 No, just a shoe salesman. 145 00:11:17,470 --> 00:11:19,220 I'd love to introduce you. 146 00:11:19,300 --> 00:11:20,430 No need. 147 00:11:21,140 --> 00:11:22,720 I have known him for years. 148 00:11:44,580 --> 00:11:45,500 Albert. 149 00:11:50,210 --> 00:11:51,130 What was that? 150 00:11:52,130 --> 00:11:54,170 What did you say to him? 151 00:11:56,430 --> 00:11:57,680 Oh, he's fine. 152 00:11:59,680 --> 00:12:04,310 Mr. Strauss, there are things in my past you ought to be aware of. 153 00:12:04,390 --> 00:12:07,690 Well, as chairman of the AEC, I have access to your security file. 154 00:12:07,770 --> 00:12:08,770 I've read it. 155 00:12:08,850 --> 00:12:10,400 -You're not worried? -No. 156 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:12,730 Why would I be worried after everything you've done for your country? 157 00:12:12,820 --> 00:12:14,780 Well, times change, Mr. Strauss. 158 00:12:14,860 --> 00:12:16,820 Well, the purpose of this institute 159 00:12:16,900 --> 00:12:19,200 is to provide a haven for independent minds. 160 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:21,410 That's you. 161 00:12:21,490 --> 00:12:23,290 You are the man for the job. 162 00:12:23,870 --> 00:12:25,870 Well, then I'll consider it. 163 00:12:25,950 --> 00:12:28,040 I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow. 164 00:12:32,840 --> 00:12:35,420 This is one of the most prestigious appointments in the country. 165 00:12:35,510 --> 00:12:37,630 Yes, with a great commute. 166 00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:39,760 That's why I'm considering it. 167 00:12:41,220 --> 00:12:44,970 So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought your attention to his past associations 168 00:12:45,060 --> 00:12:46,480 before you appointed him? 169 00:12:46,560 --> 00:12:49,270 -Yes. -And they didn't concern you? 170 00:12:49,350 --> 00:12:52,940 Just then I was entirely consumed with what he must have said to Einstein 171 00:12:53,020 --> 00:12:55,690 to sour him on me. 172 00:12:58,200 --> 00:12:59,200 But later? 173 00:12:59,280 --> 00:13:01,740 Well, we all know what happened later. 174 00:13:01,820 --> 00:13:03,780 Doctor, your time in Europe, 175 00:13:03,870 --> 00:13:06,910 you seemed to meet with a wide range of other countries' physicists. 176 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:08,000 Yes, that's right. 177 00:13:08,080 --> 00:13:09,370 Any Russians? 178 00:13:11,250 --> 00:13:12,380 None that spring to mind. 179 00:13:12,460 --> 00:13:14,960 If you'll just allow me to continue with my statement-- 180 00:13:15,050 --> 00:13:18,470 Mr. Robb, you'll have ample opportunity to cross-examine. 181 00:13:21,260 --> 00:13:24,390 After Gรถttingen, I moved on to Leiden in Holland, 182 00:13:24,470 --> 00:13:26,390 where I first met Isidor Rabi. 183 00:13:27,060 --> 00:13:28,560 Excuse me. 184 00:13:33,400 --> 00:13:35,690 A Yank, lecturing on the new physics? 185 00:13:35,770 --> 00:13:36,780 This I have to hear. 186 00:13:36,860 --> 00:13:38,940 I'm an American myself. 187 00:13:39,030 --> 00:13:40,150 How surprising. 188 00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:43,740 Let me know if you need any help with the English. 189 00:13:57,800 --> 00:13:59,170 Wait, what's he saying? 190 00:14:10,560 --> 00:14:11,560 No, thank you. 191 00:14:11,640 --> 00:14:13,480 It's a long way to Zurich. 192 00:14:13,560 --> 00:14:16,110 You get any skinnier, we're gonna lose you between the seat cushions. 193 00:14:16,940 --> 00:14:17,980 I'm Rabi. 194 00:14:18,070 --> 00:14:19,360 Oppenheimer. 195 00:14:19,440 --> 00:14:21,400 I caught your lecture on molecules. 196 00:14:21,490 --> 00:14:22,700 Caught some of it. 197 00:14:23,490 --> 00:14:25,910 We're a couple of New York Jews. How do you know Dutch? 198 00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:28,870 Well, I thought I'd better learn it when I got here this semester. 199 00:14:28,950 --> 00:14:32,160 You learned enough Dutch in six weeks to give a lecture on quantum mechanics? 200 00:14:32,250 --> 00:14:33,710 Wanted to challenge myself. 201 00:14:33,790 --> 00:14:36,080 Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough. 202 00:14:36,170 --> 00:14:37,750 -Schvitzer. -Schvitzer? 203 00:14:37,840 --> 00:14:39,340 Show-off. 204 00:14:39,420 --> 00:14:41,630 Dutch in six weeks, but you never learned Yiddish? 205 00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:43,680 They don't speak it so much my side of the park. 206 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:45,180 Screw you. 207 00:14:46,390 --> 00:14:48,760 -You homesick? -Oh, you know it. 208 00:14:49,770 --> 00:14:52,770 Ever get the feeling our kind isn't entirely welcome here? 209 00:14:52,850 --> 00:14:53,850 Physicists? 210 00:14:54,480 --> 00:14:55,400 That's funny. 211 00:14:55,480 --> 00:14:57,020 Not in the department. 212 00:14:57,610 --> 00:14:58,770 They're all Jewish too. 213 00:15:00,980 --> 00:15:01,990 Eat. 214 00:15:04,820 --> 00:15:06,820 There's a German you have to seek out. 215 00:15:07,740 --> 00:15:09,450 -Heisenberg. -Right. 216 00:15:19,590 --> 00:15:23,590 One might be led to the presumption that behind the quantum world, 217 00:15:23,670 --> 00:15:27,470 there still hides a real world in which causality holds, 218 00:15:27,550 --> 00:15:31,890 but such speculations seem to us, to say it explicitly, fruitless. 219 00:15:31,970 --> 00:15:33,850 Thank you. Have a great day. 220 00:15:38,270 --> 00:15:40,400 -Werner. Wonderful. -Thank you. 221 00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:42,230 Dr. Oppenheimer. 222 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:46,030 Oppenheimer, yes. I liked your paper on molecules. 223 00:15:46,110 --> 00:15:47,530 Probably because you inspired it. 224 00:15:47,610 --> 00:15:50,240 If I inspire anything else, let me know. We could publish together. 225 00:15:50,330 --> 00:15:51,950 I have to get back to America. 226 00:15:52,040 --> 00:15:53,080 Why? 227 00:15:53,160 --> 00:15:55,960 There's no one there taking quantum mechanics seriously. 228 00:15:56,040 --> 00:15:57,620 That's exactly why. 229 00:15:57,710 --> 00:16:00,130 He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan. 230 00:16:00,210 --> 00:16:02,500 Canyons of New Mexico. 231 00:16:02,590 --> 00:16:03,630 You're from New Mexico? 232 00:16:03,710 --> 00:16:07,220 No. New York, but my brother and I have a ranch outside Santa Fe. 233 00:16:08,090 --> 00:16:09,800 That's the America I miss right now. 234 00:16:09,890 --> 00:16:13,140 Then it's best you get home, cowboys. 235 00:16:13,220 --> 00:16:14,220 That's him. 236 00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:17,190 No, me and horses? I don't think so. 237 00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:19,600 Nice to meet you. 238 00:16:21,570 --> 00:16:23,730 Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again? 239 00:16:23,820 --> 00:16:25,860 Not in person, no, but, uh... 240 00:16:27,990 --> 00:16:29,990 you might say our paths crossed. 241 00:16:31,450 --> 00:16:32,950 On returning to America, 242 00:16:33,030 --> 00:16:35,950 I accepted positions at both Caltech and up at Berkeley. 243 00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:02,230 Dr. Lawrence, I presume? 244 00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:06,400 -You must be Oppenheimer. -Yes. 245 00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:09,150 I hear you want to start a school of quantum theory. 246 00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:10,990 I am starting it. Next door. 247 00:17:11,070 --> 00:17:12,240 They put you in there? 248 00:17:12,320 --> 00:17:15,580 I asked for it. Wanted to be close to you experimentalists. 249 00:17:15,660 --> 00:17:17,330 Theory will get you only so far, huh? 250 00:17:17,410 --> 00:17:19,330 We're building a machine to accelerate electrons. 251 00:17:19,410 --> 00:17:20,420 Magnificent. 252 00:17:20,500 --> 00:17:21,920 Would you like to help? 253 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,840 Build it? Oh, no. 254 00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:24,920 No, no. 255 00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:27,670 But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it. 256 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:29,050 When do you start teaching? 257 00:17:29,130 --> 00:17:30,430 I've got my first in an hour. 258 00:17:30,510 --> 00:17:32,470 -Seminar? -Pupil. 259 00:17:33,140 --> 00:17:35,350 One student? That's it? 260 00:17:35,970 --> 00:17:38,560 I'm teaching something no one here has dreamt of. 261 00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:40,560 But once people start hearing what you can do with it-- 262 00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:42,100 There's no going back. 263 00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:47,110 -Oh. I must have missed the-- -Mr. Lomanitz? 264 00:17:47,190 --> 00:17:48,190 Nah-- 265 00:17:49,650 --> 00:17:50,650 Yeah. 266 00:17:50,740 --> 00:17:51,740 Yes, this is it. 267 00:17:51,820 --> 00:17:53,660 Please. Take a seat. 268 00:17:58,950 --> 00:18:00,580 What do you know about quantum mechanics? 269 00:18:01,670 --> 00:18:03,580 I have a grasp on the basics. 270 00:18:03,670 --> 00:18:05,040 Then you're doing it wrong. 271 00:18:05,960 --> 00:18:08,170 Is light made up of particles or waves? 272 00:18:08,260 --> 00:18:10,840 Quantum mechanics says it's both. How could it be both? 273 00:18:10,920 --> 00:18:12,380 -It can't. -It can't. 274 00:18:13,090 --> 00:18:14,090 But it is. 275 00:18:14,180 --> 00:18:17,510 It's paradoxical, and yet, it works. 276 00:18:24,770 --> 00:18:25,860 Now... 277 00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:29,730 Thank you. 278 00:18:29,820 --> 00:18:31,490 Mr. Lomanitz. 279 00:18:31,570 --> 00:18:32,570 You're gonna be okay. 280 00:18:32,650 --> 00:18:34,200 Mr. Snyder. 281 00:18:34,280 --> 00:18:36,320 Now let's consider a star. 282 00:18:36,410 --> 00:18:37,950 A star. 283 00:18:38,030 --> 00:18:39,950 A vast furnace burning in outer space, 284 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:42,580 fire pushing outwards against its own gravity. 285 00:18:42,660 --> 00:18:43,830 Balanced. 286 00:18:45,130 --> 00:18:46,500 But if that furnace cools 287 00:18:47,790 --> 00:18:50,590 and gravity starts winning, it contracts. 288 00:18:50,670 --> 00:18:51,760 Density increases. 289 00:18:52,340 --> 00:18:54,470 Correct. Increasing gravity. 290 00:18:54,550 --> 00:18:56,300 -Increasing density. -And? 291 00:18:56,390 --> 00:18:59,430 It's a vicious cycle until... What's the limit here? 292 00:19:00,180 --> 00:19:03,230 I don't know. See where the math takes us. 293 00:19:03,310 --> 00:19:04,810 I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been before. 294 00:19:04,890 --> 00:19:06,400 Me? 295 00:19:07,060 --> 00:19:08,940 Yes, you. Your math is better than mine. 296 00:19:10,940 --> 00:19:12,650 Dr. Oppenheimer's file 297 00:19:12,740 --> 00:19:15,410 contained details of his activities in Berkeley. 298 00:19:15,490 --> 00:19:19,160 Why would they have started a file on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war? 299 00:19:19,910 --> 00:19:22,290 Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover. 300 00:19:22,370 --> 00:19:24,160 I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss. 301 00:19:24,790 --> 00:19:26,960 Uh, my assumption is 302 00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:32,710 that it was connected to his, uh, left-wing political activities. 303 00:19:34,510 --> 00:19:37,760 You shouldn't let them bring up politics in the classroom, Oppie. 304 00:19:37,840 --> 00:19:38,850 I wrote that. 305 00:19:39,430 --> 00:19:42,060 Lawrence, you embrace the revolution in physics. 306 00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:44,100 Can't you see it everywhere else? 307 00:19:44,180 --> 00:19:46,270 Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx. 308 00:19:46,350 --> 00:19:49,060 Well, this is America, Oppie. We had our revolution. 309 00:19:50,270 --> 00:19:53,110 Seriously, keep it out of the lab. 310 00:19:53,190 --> 00:19:57,660 Well, out of the lab, my landlady is having a discussion group tonight. 311 00:19:57,740 --> 00:19:58,740 Interested? 312 00:19:58,820 --> 00:20:00,910 I have sampled the Berkeley political scene. 313 00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:05,370 It's all just philosophy postgrads and communists talking integration. 314 00:20:05,460 --> 00:20:07,040 You don't care about integration? 315 00:20:07,120 --> 00:20:08,880 I want to vote for it, not talk about it. 316 00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:10,210 Especially on a Friday. 317 00:20:10,290 --> 00:20:11,340 Come on. Let's eat. 318 00:20:11,420 --> 00:20:12,920 I'm meeting my brother there. 319 00:20:13,550 --> 00:20:17,380 And how would these activities have come to the attention of the FBI? 320 00:20:17,470 --> 00:20:19,470 Well, if I remember correctly, 321 00:20:19,550 --> 00:20:23,640 the FBI was taking license plates outside suspected communist gatherings, 322 00:20:23,720 --> 00:20:25,390 and his name popped up. 323 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:35,400 -Jesus Christ. -Sorry. 324 00:20:35,490 --> 00:20:37,070 -Frank. -Robert. 325 00:20:38,150 --> 00:20:39,700 Uh, you remember Jackie. 326 00:20:39,780 --> 00:20:40,780 Evening. 327 00:20:41,660 --> 00:20:42,700 Let's go. 328 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:48,120 Robert. 329 00:20:48,210 --> 00:20:50,500 I want you to meet Chevalier. 330 00:20:50,580 --> 00:20:53,630 Dr. Haakon Chevalier, Dr. Robert Oppenheimer. 331 00:20:53,710 --> 00:20:54,710 -Pleasure. -Pleasure. 332 00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:56,760 -This is my little brother, Frank. -Hello. 333 00:20:56,840 --> 00:20:58,380 -And this is-- -Still Jackie. 334 00:20:58,470 --> 00:20:59,510 Hello, Still Jackie. 335 00:20:59,590 --> 00:21:01,550 Chevalier, you're in languages? 336 00:21:01,640 --> 00:21:03,300 And your reputation precedes you. 337 00:21:03,390 --> 00:21:04,390 What have you heard? 338 00:21:04,470 --> 00:21:06,680 That you're teaching a radical new approach to physics 339 00:21:06,770 --> 00:21:10,060 I have no chance of understanding, but I hadn't heard you're a Party member. 340 00:21:10,150 --> 00:21:11,690 -I'm not. -Not yet. 341 00:21:11,770 --> 00:21:14,150 Frank and I are thinking of joining. Just the other day, I was-- 342 00:21:14,230 --> 00:21:15,570 I support a range of causes. 343 00:21:15,650 --> 00:21:16,730 The Spanish Civil War? 344 00:21:16,820 --> 00:21:20,160 A democratic republic being overthrown by fascist thugs, who wouldn't? 345 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:23,990 Our government. They think that socialism is a bigger threat than fascism. 346 00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:26,790 Not for long. Look at what the Nazis are doing to the Jews. 347 00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:29,410 I send funds to colleagues in Germany to emigrate. 348 00:21:29,500 --> 00:21:31,120 I have to do something. 349 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,880 My own work is so abstract. 350 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:38,470 -What are you working on? -What happens to stars when they die. 351 00:21:38,550 --> 00:21:39,590 Do stars die? 352 00:21:40,930 --> 00:21:44,430 Well, if they do, they cool, then collapse. 353 00:21:44,510 --> 00:21:49,140 In fact, the bigger the star, the more violent its demise. 354 00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:53,100 Their gravity gets so concentrated, it swallows everything. 355 00:21:53,770 --> 00:21:55,270 Everything, even light. 356 00:21:55,360 --> 00:21:56,610 Can that really happen? 357 00:21:56,690 --> 00:21:58,320 The math says it can. 358 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:01,490 If we can get published, then perhaps one day an astronomer finds one. 359 00:22:01,570 --> 00:22:05,370 But right now, all I have is theory, which can't impact people's lives. 360 00:22:05,450 --> 00:22:07,490 Well, if you're going to send money to Spain, 361 00:22:07,580 --> 00:22:09,000 do it through the Communist Party. 362 00:22:09,080 --> 00:22:11,040 They can get it to the front lines. 363 00:22:11,120 --> 00:22:12,420 Mary sent me with these. 364 00:22:13,370 --> 00:22:14,380 I'm Jean. 365 00:22:15,290 --> 00:22:16,290 Robert. 366 00:22:16,380 --> 00:22:17,420 Haakon Chevalier. 367 00:22:17,500 --> 00:22:19,420 The union meeting at Serber's last month. 368 00:22:19,510 --> 00:22:20,800 Right, right, yes. 369 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:22,220 Oh, thank you. 370 00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:24,550 Robert here says he's not a communist. 371 00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:26,760 Well, then he doesn't know enough about it. 372 00:22:26,850 --> 00:22:29,520 I've read Das Kapital, all three volumes. 373 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:30,600 Does that count? 374 00:22:30,680 --> 00:22:32,890 It would make you better read than most party members. 375 00:22:32,980 --> 00:22:36,520 It's turgid stuff. There's some thinking, "Ownership is theft." 376 00:22:36,610 --> 00:22:37,650 "Property." 377 00:22:37,730 --> 00:22:39,070 "Property"? 378 00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:40,400 "Property," not "ownership." 379 00:22:40,490 --> 00:22:42,280 I'm sorry, I read it in the original German. 380 00:22:43,820 --> 00:22:45,370 Well... 381 00:22:45,950 --> 00:22:47,120 It's not about the book. 382 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:48,830 It's about the ideas. 383 00:22:48,910 --> 00:22:50,450 And you sound uncommitted. 384 00:22:50,540 --> 00:22:53,830 I'm committed to thinking freely about how to improve our world. 385 00:22:54,540 --> 00:22:56,630 Why limit yourself to one dogma? 386 00:22:56,710 --> 00:22:59,590 You're a physicist. You pick and choose rules? 387 00:22:59,670 --> 00:23:03,800 Or do you use the discipline to channel your energies into progress? 388 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:05,760 I like a little wiggle room. 389 00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:08,760 Do you always toe the party line? 390 00:23:10,470 --> 00:23:12,180 I like my wiggle room too. 391 00:23:22,940 --> 00:23:23,950 What? 392 00:23:24,820 --> 00:23:25,820 Wait, wait, wait. 393 00:23:30,030 --> 00:23:32,580 -Unexpected. -What? 394 00:23:32,660 --> 00:23:34,080 For a physicist. 395 00:23:34,160 --> 00:23:36,620 You only have a shelf full of Freud? 396 00:23:36,710 --> 00:23:39,130 Well, actually, my background's more-- 397 00:23:39,210 --> 00:23:40,380 Jungian? 398 00:23:42,380 --> 00:23:43,760 You know analysis? 399 00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:47,140 When I was a postgrad at Cambridge, I had a little trouble. 400 00:23:48,300 --> 00:23:49,300 I'll bite. 401 00:23:49,390 --> 00:23:50,930 I tried to poison my tutor. 402 00:23:51,010 --> 00:23:52,020 Did you hate him? 403 00:23:52,100 --> 00:23:53,520 I liked him very much. 404 00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:55,390 You just needed to get laid. 405 00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:56,940 Took my analyst two years, 406 00:23:57,020 --> 00:23:59,150 and I don't think they ever put it that succinctly. 407 00:23:59,230 --> 00:24:03,070 You have everyone convinced you're more complicated than you actually are. 408 00:24:03,150 --> 00:24:04,990 We're all simple souls, I guess. 409 00:24:05,070 --> 00:24:06,280 I'm not. 410 00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:10,160 What's this? 411 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:11,830 Sanskrit. 412 00:24:11,910 --> 00:24:13,080 You can read this? 413 00:24:13,160 --> 00:24:14,750 I'm learning. 414 00:24:19,750 --> 00:24:20,750 Read this. 415 00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:26,260 Well, in this part, Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self-- 416 00:24:26,340 --> 00:24:27,430 No. 417 00:24:28,590 --> 00:24:30,180 Read the words. 418 00:24:33,850 --> 00:24:36,060 "And now I am become Death." 419 00:24:42,270 --> 00:24:43,820 "The destroyer of worlds." 420 00:25:14,430 --> 00:25:15,640 This'll do. 421 00:25:22,310 --> 00:25:23,610 It'll break before dawn. 422 00:25:24,110 --> 00:25:27,490 Air cools overnight. Just before dawn, it breaks. 423 00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:31,070 Come on. Come on. 424 00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:40,160 So... 425 00:25:40,250 --> 00:25:41,620 I'm getting married. 426 00:25:41,710 --> 00:25:43,920 -Frank. Congratulations. -Thank you. 427 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:45,000 To Jackie? 428 00:25:45,090 --> 00:25:47,550 Yeah, to Jackie. 429 00:25:47,630 --> 00:25:48,720 The waitress. 430 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:50,630 Oppie, you're right. It's lettin' up. 431 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:52,550 I'm gonna go see if there's any stars. 432 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:56,890 All your talk about the common man, but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm? 433 00:25:57,810 --> 00:26:00,180 We join the Party, and you can't hide your disapproval, why? 434 00:26:00,270 --> 00:26:02,230 Is that because that's supposed to be your thing? 435 00:26:02,310 --> 00:26:03,650 I haven't joined the Party, Frank. 436 00:26:03,730 --> 00:26:06,400 And I don't think she should have convinced you to either. 437 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:08,030 Half of the faculty is communist. 438 00:26:08,110 --> 00:26:09,110 Not that half. 439 00:26:10,610 --> 00:26:13,320 I'm your brother, Frank, and I want you to be cautious. 440 00:26:13,410 --> 00:26:14,570 And I want to wring your neck. 441 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:20,160 I won't live my life afraid to make a mistake. 442 00:26:22,290 --> 00:26:25,420 You're happy, I'm happy. 443 00:26:25,500 --> 00:26:28,250 So then I'm happy you're happy that I'm happy. 444 00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:36,600 I feel like I could see one of those dark stars that you're working on. 445 00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:39,560 You can't. That's the whole point. 446 00:26:39,640 --> 00:26:41,730 Their gravity swallows light. 447 00:26:42,640 --> 00:26:44,850 It's like a kind of hole in space. 448 00:26:45,860 --> 00:26:47,060 Is Frank okay? 449 00:26:47,150 --> 00:26:49,820 Yes. He just has a shitty brother. 450 00:26:50,780 --> 00:26:52,150 It is special here. 451 00:26:54,780 --> 00:26:55,990 When I was a kid, 452 00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:58,830 I thought if I could find a way 453 00:27:00,410 --> 00:27:04,580 to combine physics and New Mexico, 454 00:27:04,670 --> 00:27:06,330 my life would be perfect. 455 00:27:08,290 --> 00:27:10,340 -Little remote for that. -Yes. 456 00:27:10,840 --> 00:27:12,170 Let's get some sleep. 457 00:27:13,550 --> 00:27:17,180 That mesa we saw today, one of my favorite places in the world. 458 00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:19,220 Tomorrow we'll climb it. 459 00:27:19,760 --> 00:27:21,100 What's it called? 460 00:27:22,140 --> 00:27:23,350 Los Alamos. 461 00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:29,230 I didn't expect to see you today. 462 00:27:30,690 --> 00:27:32,360 Do I have to make an appointment? 463 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:36,910 -Hey! Hey, get back here! -Alvarez? 464 00:27:43,370 --> 00:27:45,460 Oppie! Oppie! 465 00:27:46,210 --> 00:27:47,710 What? What is it? 466 00:27:48,210 --> 00:27:49,920 They've done it. They've done it. 467 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:52,920 Hahn and Strassmann in Germany. They split the uranium nucleus. 468 00:27:54,260 --> 00:27:55,630 How? 469 00:27:56,880 --> 00:27:58,720 Bombarded it with neutrons. 470 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:01,470 It's a nuclear fission. They did it, they split the atom. 471 00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:02,770 It's not possible. 472 00:28:09,360 --> 00:28:10,900 I'm gonna try to reproduce it. 473 00:28:17,700 --> 00:28:19,620 See? Can't be done. 474 00:28:20,870 --> 00:28:22,080 Very elegant. 475 00:28:22,830 --> 00:28:24,120 Quite clear. 476 00:28:24,200 --> 00:28:26,290 -There's just one problem. -Where? 477 00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:28,040 Next door. 478 00:28:28,710 --> 00:28:29,710 Alvarez did it. 479 00:28:30,710 --> 00:28:31,920 But then look, 480 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:35,510 these fission pulses, they're massive. 481 00:28:36,170 --> 00:28:39,590 I've seen 30 of these in the past ten minutes. 482 00:28:40,180 --> 00:28:42,180 Theory will take you only so far. 483 00:28:43,970 --> 00:28:45,310 During the process, 484 00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:50,900 extra neutrons boil off, which could be used to split other uranium atoms. 485 00:28:50,980 --> 00:28:54,070 Chain reaction. You're thinkin' what I'm thinkin'? 486 00:28:54,150 --> 00:28:57,950 You, me, and every other physicist around the world who's seen the news. 487 00:28:59,410 --> 00:29:00,780 What? What are we all thinking? 488 00:29:01,820 --> 00:29:04,450 A bomb, Alvarez. 489 00:29:05,700 --> 00:29:06,910 A bomb. 490 00:29:08,410 --> 00:29:10,420 I told you, Robert, no more fucking flowers. 491 00:29:12,380 --> 00:29:15,460 -I don't understand what you want from me. -I don't want anything from you. 492 00:29:17,050 --> 00:29:20,640 -Well, you say that and then you call. -Well, don't answer. 493 00:29:21,890 --> 00:29:23,010 I'll always answer. 494 00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:31,440 Fine. Just no more flowers. 495 00:29:33,270 --> 00:29:34,570 You're not coming? 496 00:29:36,480 --> 00:29:38,610 You have to know when you're beaten, Robert. 497 00:29:41,070 --> 00:29:42,450 It's not that simple, Hoke. 498 00:29:42,530 --> 00:29:44,950 - Chevalier, good to see you. - F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T! 499 00:29:45,030 --> 00:29:48,290 Barbara, good to see you, and the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer. 500 00:29:48,790 --> 00:29:50,460 -I'm Eltenton. -Pleasure. 501 00:29:50,540 --> 00:29:51,620 Please, please. 502 00:29:51,710 --> 00:29:55,460 Might you say a word about organized labor on campuses, yes? 503 00:29:55,540 --> 00:29:56,960 Coming through! Coming through. 504 00:29:57,050 --> 00:29:58,340 I work at Shell. 505 00:29:58,420 --> 00:30:00,720 We've signed up chemists, we signed up engineers, 506 00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:02,470 so why not scientists in academia? 507 00:30:02,550 --> 00:30:07,600 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 508 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:18,280 Teachers are unionized. 509 00:30:18,780 --> 00:30:21,400 -Why not professors? -Don't you have somewhere to be? 510 00:30:21,490 --> 00:30:24,280 Lawrence, academics have rights too. 511 00:30:24,370 --> 00:30:26,240 Look, it's not that. I've got a group coming. 512 00:30:26,330 --> 00:30:28,160 Oh. I'll sit in. 513 00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:29,290 Not this one. 514 00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:38,880 Richard. Dr. Bush. What brings you two up north? 515 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:51,560 Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be down to Pasadena Thursday. 516 00:31:01,610 --> 00:31:03,780 Your paper on black holes is in! 517 00:31:05,450 --> 00:31:07,280 Where's Hartland? 518 00:31:07,370 --> 00:31:09,450 Get Hartland. Get Hartland. 519 00:31:09,540 --> 00:31:13,160 September 1st, 1939. The world's gonna remember this day. 520 00:31:14,670 --> 00:31:16,670 Oh, Hartland. Our paper, it's in print. 521 00:31:16,750 --> 00:31:18,630 We've been upstaged. 522 00:31:21,920 --> 00:31:23,670 During the Battle of Britain, 523 00:31:23,760 --> 00:31:26,680 I found myself increasingly out of sympathy 524 00:31:26,760 --> 00:31:30,890 with the policy of neutrality that communists advocated. 525 00:31:30,970 --> 00:31:34,060 But after Hitler invaded Russia and we became allies, 526 00:31:34,140 --> 00:31:36,480 these communist sympathies, did they return? 527 00:31:36,560 --> 00:31:37,480 No. 528 00:31:38,360 --> 00:31:42,530 I need to make clear that my changing views on Russia 529 00:31:42,610 --> 00:31:45,990 did not mean a sharp break from those who held different views. 530 00:31:46,070 --> 00:31:48,370 For a year or two, and during a previous marriage, 531 00:31:48,450 --> 00:31:51,660 my wife Kitty had been a Communist Party member. 532 00:31:55,710 --> 00:31:57,830 This way. This is where I keep the good stuff. 533 00:31:57,920 --> 00:31:59,710 I thought this was the Tolmans' house. 534 00:31:59,790 --> 00:32:01,710 I live with them while I'm at Caltech. 535 00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:04,720 - Do you two need anything? - We're good, Ruthie. 536 00:32:05,970 --> 00:32:08,680 So, you're a biologist. 537 00:32:09,260 --> 00:32:12,520 Well, somehow I have graduated to housewife. 538 00:32:12,600 --> 00:32:16,140 Can you explain quantum mechanics to me? Seems baffling. 539 00:32:16,230 --> 00:32:17,730 Yes, it is. 540 00:32:19,150 --> 00:32:22,570 Well, this glass, this drink, 541 00:32:23,690 --> 00:32:27,360 this counter top, uh, our bodies, 542 00:32:28,910 --> 00:32:30,070 all of it. 543 00:32:31,370 --> 00:32:33,410 It's mostly empty space. 544 00:32:33,490 --> 00:32:36,540 Groupings of tiny energy waves bound together. 545 00:32:36,620 --> 00:32:37,620 By what? 546 00:32:37,710 --> 00:32:41,460 Forces of attraction strong enough to convince us 547 00:32:41,540 --> 00:32:45,970 that matter is solid, stop my body passing through yours. 548 00:32:58,730 --> 00:33:00,270 You're married to Dr. Harrison. 549 00:33:00,860 --> 00:33:01,810 Not very. 550 00:33:04,070 --> 00:33:07,740 There is someone that I feel-- 551 00:33:07,820 --> 00:33:09,160 Does she feel the same way? 552 00:33:09,240 --> 00:33:10,610 Sometimes. 553 00:33:11,570 --> 00:33:12,910 Not enough. 554 00:33:14,240 --> 00:33:17,080 You know, I'm going to New Mexico. 555 00:33:17,160 --> 00:33:20,000 To my ranch, with friends. You should come. 556 00:33:21,330 --> 00:33:23,250 I meant with your husband. 557 00:33:23,340 --> 00:33:24,380 Yes, you did. 558 00:33:24,460 --> 00:33:26,880 'Cause you know it won't make a bit of difference. 559 00:33:31,260 --> 00:33:33,050 Why did you marry him? 560 00:33:33,140 --> 00:33:36,310 I was lost and he was kind. 561 00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:39,640 Lost? 562 00:33:40,310 --> 00:33:42,060 Well, my previous husband had died 563 00:33:42,150 --> 00:33:45,320 and at 28 I wasn't really ready to be a widow. 564 00:33:45,400 --> 00:33:46,820 Who was your first husband? 565 00:33:46,900 --> 00:33:50,110 Nobody. But my second husband was Joe Dallet. 566 00:33:50,200 --> 00:33:52,620 He was, um, from money, like me, 567 00:33:52,700 --> 00:33:56,200 but he was a union organizer in Youngstown, Ohio. 568 00:33:56,290 --> 00:33:57,410 Fell hard. 569 00:33:57,490 --> 00:33:58,870 How hard? 570 00:33:58,950 --> 00:34:01,620 Hard enough to spend the next four years living off beans and pancakes, 571 00:34:01,710 --> 00:34:04,670 handing out the Daily Worker at factory gates. 572 00:34:05,250 --> 00:34:07,550 By 36, I just told Joe I couldn't take it anymore. 573 00:34:07,630 --> 00:34:10,130 Quit the Party. A year later, I wanted him back. 574 00:34:10,220 --> 00:34:12,800 Him, not the Daily Worker. 575 00:34:12,890 --> 00:34:14,970 He said, "Swell, I'll meet you on my way to Spain." 576 00:34:15,050 --> 00:34:16,430 He went to fight for the Loyalists? 577 00:34:16,510 --> 00:34:19,560 And then he went to the brigades and I waited, and... 578 00:34:21,230 --> 00:34:24,650 Joe got himself killed first time he popped his head outta the trench. 579 00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:27,820 Ideology got Joe killed. For nothing. 580 00:34:27,900 --> 00:34:29,690 Spanish Republic isn't nothing. 581 00:34:29,780 --> 00:34:32,780 My husband offered both our futures to stop one fascist bullet 582 00:34:32,860 --> 00:34:35,030 from embedding itself in a mudbank. 583 00:34:36,080 --> 00:34:38,330 That's the definition of nothing. 584 00:34:38,410 --> 00:34:40,290 -Seems a little reductive. -Pragmatic. 585 00:34:42,330 --> 00:34:43,620 Now here I am. 586 00:34:46,250 --> 00:34:47,840 Wherever the hell this is. 587 00:34:55,010 --> 00:34:57,550 I didn't want you to hear it from anyone else. 588 00:35:00,520 --> 00:35:02,480 Least you didn't bring me flowers. 589 00:35:10,070 --> 00:35:12,320 We both know I'm not what you want, Jean. 590 00:35:13,650 --> 00:35:15,530 Yeah, but it's a door closing. 591 00:35:16,450 --> 00:35:17,450 No. 592 00:35:19,330 --> 00:35:21,370 Not as far as I'm concerned, no. 593 00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:25,330 You knocked her up. Fast work. 594 00:35:25,420 --> 00:35:28,090 Can't keep a good man down. 595 00:35:28,170 --> 00:35:29,380 I meant her. 596 00:35:30,170 --> 00:35:33,380 She knew what she wanted. What about the husband? 597 00:35:33,470 --> 00:35:34,880 We talked. 598 00:35:34,970 --> 00:35:36,220 They're getting a divorce 599 00:35:36,300 --> 00:35:40,470 so we can get married before she starts showing. 600 00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:42,060 How civilized. 601 00:35:44,020 --> 00:35:46,600 You idiot. This is your community. 602 00:35:47,650 --> 00:35:50,270 You think the rules don't apply to the golden boy? 603 00:35:51,070 --> 00:35:52,740 Brilliance makes up for a lot. 604 00:35:53,440 --> 00:35:57,070 Don't alienate the only people in the world that understand what you do. 605 00:35:58,700 --> 00:36:00,330 One day you might need them. 606 00:36:00,410 --> 00:36:01,540 F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T! 607 00:36:01,540 --> 00:36:02,950 F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T! 608 00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:05,040 The Federation of Architects, Engineers, 609 00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:07,250 Chemists and Technicians. 610 00:36:14,130 --> 00:36:17,510 -Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month? -That's not the point, Lawrence. 611 00:36:17,590 --> 00:36:22,430 What do any of you have in common with farm laborers and dock workers? 612 00:36:22,510 --> 00:36:23,720 Plenty. 613 00:36:24,890 --> 00:36:26,940 Everybody out. Now! 614 00:36:31,520 --> 00:36:32,860 Not you. 615 00:36:38,700 --> 00:36:39,700 What are you doing? 616 00:36:40,570 --> 00:36:43,410 -It's a trade union. -Filled with communists. 617 00:36:43,490 --> 00:36:45,330 So? I haven't joined the Party. 618 00:36:45,410 --> 00:36:48,920 They won't let me bring you onto the project because of this shit. 619 00:36:49,000 --> 00:36:51,290 They won't even let me tell you what the project is. 620 00:36:51,380 --> 00:36:54,250 -Oh, I know what the project is. -Oh, really? 621 00:36:54,340 --> 00:36:56,970 We've all heard about Einstein and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt 622 00:36:57,050 --> 00:36:58,680 warning him the Germans could make a bomb, 623 00:36:58,760 --> 00:37:02,050 and I know what it means for the Nazis to have a bomb. 624 00:37:02,140 --> 00:37:03,510 And I don't? 625 00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:06,640 It's not your people they're herding into camps. 626 00:37:06,730 --> 00:37:07,850 It's mine. 627 00:37:08,600 --> 00:37:10,940 You think that I tell them about your politics. 628 00:37:12,980 --> 00:37:14,730 The next time you're coming home from a meeting, 629 00:37:14,820 --> 00:37:16,820 why don't you take a look in the rear view mirror? 630 00:37:16,900 --> 00:37:21,780 Listen to the sounds on your phone line and stop being so goddamn naive. 631 00:37:23,240 --> 00:37:24,580 Why would they care what I do? 632 00:37:24,660 --> 00:37:28,830 Because you're not just self-important, you're actually important. 633 00:37:32,290 --> 00:37:33,290 Okay. 634 00:37:34,340 --> 00:37:37,460 -I get it. -If you could just be a little more-- 635 00:37:37,550 --> 00:37:38,720 Pragmatic. 636 00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:40,760 I'll talk to Lomanitz, I'll talk to the others. 637 00:37:40,840 --> 00:37:43,430 You don't have to worry. It's done, Lawrence. 638 00:37:48,850 --> 00:37:50,190 Then welcome to the war. 639 00:37:50,940 --> 00:37:53,230 I filled out my first security questionnaire 640 00:37:53,310 --> 00:37:56,530 and was informed that my involvement with left-wing groups 641 00:37:56,610 --> 00:38:00,530 would not prove a bar to my working on the atomic program. 642 00:38:00,610 --> 00:38:03,200 Why were his communist associations 643 00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:06,120 not seen as a security risk during the war? 644 00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:09,290 Senator, I can't possibly answer for security clearance 645 00:38:09,370 --> 00:38:11,370 granted years before I ever met the man. 646 00:38:11,460 --> 00:38:13,420 Fine. What about after? 647 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:14,500 After the war, 648 00:38:14,590 --> 00:38:19,210 Dr. Oppenheimer was the most respected scientific voice in the world. 649 00:38:19,300 --> 00:38:21,340 That's why I asked him to run the Institute. 650 00:38:21,430 --> 00:38:24,300 That's why he advised the Atomic Energy Commission. 651 00:38:24,390 --> 00:38:25,510 Simple as that. 652 00:38:26,100 --> 00:38:27,640 What are they accusing me of? 653 00:38:28,270 --> 00:38:31,770 I think they just wanna know what happened between 1947 and 1954 654 00:38:31,850 --> 00:38:34,560 to change your mind on Oppenheimer's security clearance. 655 00:38:34,650 --> 00:38:35,650 I didn't. 656 00:38:35,730 --> 00:38:37,440 I was chair of the AEC, 657 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:40,900 but it wasn't me that brought the charges against Robert. 658 00:38:40,990 --> 00:38:42,280 Who did? 659 00:38:42,360 --> 00:38:44,240 Some former staff member of the Joint Congressional Committee. 660 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:47,370 He was a rabid anti-communist named Borden. 661 00:38:47,450 --> 00:38:49,660 He wrote to the FBI demanding they take action. 662 00:38:49,750 --> 00:38:52,250 The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct? 663 00:38:52,330 --> 00:38:54,830 Why get caught holding the knife yourself? 664 00:38:54,920 --> 00:38:56,710 What did Borden have against Oppenheimer? 665 00:38:56,790 --> 00:38:58,460 This was the McCarthy Era. 666 00:38:59,340 --> 00:39:02,670 People hounded out of jobs for any hint of red. 667 00:39:02,760 --> 00:39:05,760 And then, reading Oppenheimer's security file, 668 00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:08,850 his communist brother, sister-in-law, fiancรฉe, 669 00:39:08,930 --> 00:39:10,270 best friend, wife. 670 00:39:10,350 --> 00:39:12,770 That's before we even get to the Chevalier incident. 671 00:39:12,850 --> 00:39:16,190 But how would Borden have access to Oppenheimer's security file? 672 00:39:16,270 --> 00:39:18,190 Because somebody gave it to him. 673 00:39:19,190 --> 00:39:21,740 Somebody who wanted Robert silenced. 674 00:39:21,820 --> 00:39:23,820 - Who? - Who knows? 675 00:39:23,900 --> 00:39:27,820 Robert didn't take care not to upset the power brokers in Washington. 676 00:39:28,530 --> 00:39:31,290 His opinions on the atom became definitive 677 00:39:31,370 --> 00:39:33,870 and he wasn't always patient with us mere mortals. 678 00:39:37,670 --> 00:39:39,840 I came in for plenty of harsh treatment. 679 00:39:39,920 --> 00:39:43,300 There was an AEC vote 680 00:39:43,380 --> 00:39:45,800 on the export of isotopes to Norway, 681 00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:48,550 and they drafted in Robert to make me look like a fool. 682 00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:51,560 But, Dr. Oppenheimer, we've already heard from Admiral Strauss 683 00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:54,890 that these isotopes could be useful to our enemies 684 00:39:54,980 --> 00:39:56,400 in the production of atomic weapons. 685 00:39:56,480 --> 00:39:59,650 Congressmen, you could use a shovel in making atomic weapons. 686 00:39:59,730 --> 00:40:00,730 In fact, you do. 687 00:40:00,820 --> 00:40:03,860 You could use a bottle of beer in making atomic weapons. 688 00:40:03,940 --> 00:40:05,320 In fact, you do. 689 00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:08,740 I say isotopes are less useful than electronic components, 690 00:40:08,820 --> 00:40:11,990 but more useful than a sandwich. 691 00:40:14,620 --> 00:40:16,120 Genius is no guarantee of wisdom. 692 00:40:17,250 --> 00:40:19,790 How could this man who saw so much be so blind? 693 00:40:29,600 --> 00:40:30,600 Kitty? 694 00:40:35,770 --> 00:40:36,770 Kitty? 695 00:40:38,310 --> 00:40:40,610 Kitty, the project-- 696 00:40:41,940 --> 00:40:44,650 I'm in. I'm In. 697 00:40:44,740 --> 00:40:46,030 Let's celebrate. 698 00:40:52,120 --> 00:40:53,540 Shouldn't you go to him? 699 00:40:58,370 --> 00:41:01,540 I have been going to him all fucking day. 700 00:41:15,020 --> 00:41:16,310 Okay. 701 00:41:23,730 --> 00:41:24,730 Here. 702 00:41:25,360 --> 00:41:26,440 Come here, darling. 703 00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:28,860 I don't know how to say this. 704 00:41:29,660 --> 00:41:31,570 -I'm ashamed to ask. 705 00:41:32,160 --> 00:41:33,160 Anything. 706 00:41:34,120 --> 00:41:36,040 -Take Peter. -Sure. 707 00:41:36,120 --> 00:41:37,950 No, for a while, Hoke. 708 00:41:38,910 --> 00:41:39,920 A while. 709 00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:44,090 Does Kitty know you're here? 710 00:41:44,170 --> 00:41:45,380 Yes, of course she knows. 711 00:41:46,210 --> 00:41:47,670 Of course she knows. 712 00:41:48,510 --> 00:41:51,090 We're awful people. Selfish, awful people. 713 00:41:53,390 --> 00:41:54,390 Forget I asked. 714 00:41:54,470 --> 00:41:56,390 Selfish, awful people, 715 00:41:56,470 --> 00:41:58,810 they don't know they're selfish and awful. 716 00:41:59,730 --> 00:42:01,100 Sit, sit, sit. 717 00:42:02,560 --> 00:42:06,480 Robert, you see beyond the world we live in. 718 00:42:08,240 --> 00:42:10,240 There is a price to be paid for that. 719 00:42:10,950 --> 00:42:12,280 Of course we'll help you. 720 00:42:23,460 --> 00:42:25,250 Everything's changing, Robert. 721 00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:27,460 Having a child was always going to change-- 722 00:42:27,550 --> 00:42:31,090 No, the world, it's pivoting in some new direction. 723 00:42:32,090 --> 00:42:33,300 It's reforming. 724 00:42:35,850 --> 00:42:37,010 This is your moment. 725 00:42:38,680 --> 00:42:40,270 We're putting together a group to study feasibili-- 726 00:42:40,350 --> 00:42:43,100 "We" shouldn't be doing anything. You should. 727 00:42:44,020 --> 00:42:45,610 Lawrence won't get this done. 728 00:42:46,270 --> 00:42:48,480 Or Tolman, or Rabi. You will. 729 00:42:57,700 --> 00:42:59,330 Who are the uniforms? 730 00:43:00,160 --> 00:43:01,580 I thought you might know. 731 00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:04,790 Dr. Oppenheimer. 732 00:43:06,290 --> 00:43:07,500 I'm Colonel Groves. 733 00:43:07,590 --> 00:43:09,710 This is Lieutenant Colonel Nichols. 734 00:43:09,800 --> 00:43:11,050 Have that dry cleaned. 735 00:43:16,510 --> 00:43:19,140 Well, if that's how you treat your Lieutenant Colonel, 736 00:43:19,220 --> 00:43:22,770 I'd hate to see how you treat a humble physicist. 737 00:43:22,850 --> 00:43:24,640 If I ever meet one, I'll let you know. 738 00:43:24,730 --> 00:43:26,150 Ouch. 739 00:43:26,230 --> 00:43:29,780 Theaters of combat all over the world but I have to stay in Washington. 740 00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:32,610 -Why? -I built the Pentagon. 741 00:43:32,690 --> 00:43:37,120 The brass likes it so much they made me take over the Manhattan Engineer District. 742 00:43:37,700 --> 00:43:38,620 Which is? 743 00:43:39,620 --> 00:43:40,740 Don't be a smart ass. 744 00:43:40,830 --> 00:43:42,000 You know damn well what it is. 745 00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:44,540 You and half of every physics department across the country. 746 00:43:44,620 --> 00:43:46,500 That's problem number one. 747 00:43:46,580 --> 00:43:49,630 I thought problem number one would be securing enough uranium ore. 748 00:43:49,710 --> 00:43:53,260 -1,200 tons bought the day I took charge. -Processing? 749 00:43:53,340 --> 00:43:55,680 Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 750 00:43:56,840 --> 00:43:58,470 Now I'm looking for a project director. 751 00:43:59,470 --> 00:44:00,640 And my name came up? 752 00:44:00,720 --> 00:44:01,810 Nope. 753 00:44:02,810 --> 00:44:05,190 Even though you brought quantum physics to America. 754 00:44:05,270 --> 00:44:06,480 Which made me curious. 755 00:44:07,060 --> 00:44:08,270 What've you found out? 756 00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:13,240 You're a dilettante, a womanizer, a suspected communist-- 757 00:44:13,320 --> 00:44:14,610 I'm a New Deal Democrat. 758 00:44:14,690 --> 00:44:16,360 I said "suspected.โ€ 759 00:44:16,450 --> 00:44:20,490 Unstable, theatrical, egotistical, neurotic-- 760 00:44:20,580 --> 00:44:23,410 Nothing good, no? Not even, "He's brilliant, but--" 761 00:44:23,500 --> 00:44:26,870 Well, brilliance is taken for granted in your circle, so no. 762 00:44:26,960 --> 00:44:30,630 No, the only person who had anything good to say was Richard Tolman. 763 00:44:30,710 --> 00:44:32,630 Tolman thinks you have integrity, 764 00:44:32,710 --> 00:44:37,130 but he also strikes me as a guy who knows more about science than people. 765 00:44:37,720 --> 00:44:38,970 Yet here you are. 766 00:44:39,590 --> 00:44:41,140 You don't take much on trust. 767 00:44:41,220 --> 00:44:42,890 I don't take anything on trust. 768 00:44:46,890 --> 00:44:48,440 Why don't you have a Nobel prize? 769 00:44:48,520 --> 00:44:50,900 -Why aren't you a general? -They're making me one for this. 770 00:44:50,980 --> 00:44:53,940 -Perhaps I'll have the same luck. -A Nobel prize for making a bomb? 771 00:44:54,030 --> 00:44:55,900 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. 772 00:44:58,780 --> 00:44:59,990 So how would you proceed? 773 00:45:01,910 --> 00:45:06,620 You're talking about turning theory into a practical weapons system 774 00:45:06,710 --> 00:45:08,000 faster than the Nazis. 775 00:45:08,080 --> 00:45:09,580 Who have a 12-month head start. 776 00:45:09,670 --> 00:45:11,750 -Eighteen. -How could you possibly know that? 777 00:45:11,840 --> 00:45:14,300 Our fast neutron research took six months. 778 00:45:14,380 --> 00:45:17,260 The man they've undoubtedly put in charge will have made that leap instantly. 779 00:45:17,340 --> 00:45:19,720 -Who do you think they put in charge? -Werner Heisenberg. 780 00:45:19,800 --> 00:45:24,060 He has the most intuitive understanding of atomic structure I have ever seen. 781 00:45:24,140 --> 00:45:25,640 -You know his work? -l know him. 782 00:45:25,720 --> 00:45:28,390 Just like I know Walther Bothe, Von Weizsรคcker, Diebner. 783 00:45:28,480 --> 00:45:30,230 In a straight race, the Germans win. 784 00:45:30,310 --> 00:45:31,400 We've got one hope. 785 00:45:31,480 --> 00:45:32,690 Which is? 786 00:45:33,730 --> 00:45:35,070 Anti-Semitism. 787 00:45:36,530 --> 00:45:37,530 What? 788 00:45:37,610 --> 00:45:40,360 Hitler called quantum physics "Jewish science." 789 00:45:40,450 --> 00:45:41,780 Said it right to Einstein's face. 790 00:45:41,870 --> 00:45:45,660 Our one hope is that Hitler is so, so blinded by hate 791 00:45:45,740 --> 00:45:47,410 that he's denied Heisenberg proper resources, 792 00:45:47,500 --> 00:45:49,330 because it'll take vast resources. 793 00:45:49,410 --> 00:45:50,960 Our nation's best scientists, working together. 794 00:45:51,040 --> 00:45:52,210 Right now, they're scattered. 795 00:45:52,290 --> 00:45:54,090 Which gives us compartmentalization. 796 00:45:54,170 --> 00:45:57,090 All minds have to see the whole task to contribute efficiently. 797 00:45:57,170 --> 00:45:59,340 Poor security may cost us the race. 798 00:45:59,420 --> 00:46:00,720 Inefficiency will. 799 00:46:01,510 --> 00:46:03,220 The Germans know more than us anyway. 800 00:46:03,300 --> 00:46:04,760 The Russians don't. 801 00:46:06,350 --> 00:46:09,390 Remind me, who are we at war with? 802 00:46:09,480 --> 00:46:12,730 Somebody with your past doesn't wanna be seen downplaying 803 00:46:12,810 --> 00:46:16,190 the importance of security from our communist allies. 804 00:46:17,110 --> 00:46:19,030 Point taken. But, no. 805 00:46:19,610 --> 00:46:21,200 You don't get to say "no" to me. 806 00:46:21,280 --> 00:46:23,450 It's my job to say "no" to you when you're wrong. 807 00:46:24,030 --> 00:46:25,490 So you have the job now? 808 00:46:25,580 --> 00:46:27,580 Uh, I'm considering it. 809 00:46:30,370 --> 00:46:32,870 I'm starting to see where you got your reputation. 810 00:46:34,080 --> 00:46:35,630 My favorite response? 811 00:46:36,380 --> 00:46:38,710 "Oppenheimer couldn't run a hamburger stand.โ€ 812 00:46:39,300 --> 00:46:41,590 I couldn't. 813 00:46:43,720 --> 00:46:45,640 But I can run the Manhattan Project. 814 00:46:47,180 --> 00:46:49,020 There's a way to balance these things. 815 00:46:49,680 --> 00:46:53,100 Keep the Rad Lab here at Berkeley under Lawrence. 816 00:46:53,190 --> 00:46:55,270 Met Lab in Chicago under Szilard. 817 00:46:55,360 --> 00:46:57,730 Large scale refining, where did you say? Tennessee. 818 00:46:57,820 --> 00:46:59,400 -And Hanford. -And Hanford. 819 00:46:59,480 --> 00:47:02,900 All America's industrial might and scientific innovation, 820 00:47:02,990 --> 00:47:05,070 connected by rail. 821 00:47:05,160 --> 00:47:06,660 Focused on one goal. 822 00:47:06,740 --> 00:47:08,240 One point in space and time. 823 00:47:08,330 --> 00:47:09,450 And it comes together here. 824 00:47:09,540 --> 00:47:10,950 A secret laboratory. 825 00:47:11,040 --> 00:47:13,210 In the middle of nowhere, secure, self-sufficient, 826 00:47:13,290 --> 00:47:14,870 equipment, housing, the works. 827 00:47:14,960 --> 00:47:16,540 Keep everyone there until it's done. 828 00:47:17,290 --> 00:47:19,960 -I'll need the schools, stores, a church... -Why? 829 00:47:20,050 --> 00:47:23,170 If we don't let scientists bring their families, we'll never get the best. 830 00:47:23,260 --> 00:47:26,010 You want security, build a town, build it fast. 831 00:47:26,090 --> 00:47:27,470 Where? 832 00:47:31,270 --> 00:47:32,770 Welcome to Los Alamos. 833 00:47:32,850 --> 00:47:35,520 Now, there's a boys' school we'll have to commandeer 834 00:47:35,600 --> 00:47:37,310 and the local Indians come up here for burial rites. 835 00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:39,190 But, apart from that, nothing. 836 00:47:39,270 --> 00:47:40,690 Forty miles. Any direction. 837 00:47:40,780 --> 00:47:42,650 Enough to find the perfect spot. 838 00:47:42,740 --> 00:47:44,860 -What for? -Success. 839 00:47:50,540 --> 00:47:52,290 Build him a town. Fast. 840 00:47:54,410 --> 00:47:56,210 Let's go recruit some scientists. 841 00:47:56,790 --> 00:47:59,920 -Why would I leave my family? -I told you, you can bring your family. 842 00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:01,380 I'm not a soldier, Oppie. 843 00:48:01,460 --> 00:48:03,590 A soldier? He's a general. 844 00:48:03,670 --> 00:48:05,340 I've got all the soldier I need. 845 00:48:05,430 --> 00:48:07,390 What can I tell them? 846 00:48:07,470 --> 00:48:09,390 Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe, Bohr. 847 00:48:09,470 --> 00:48:10,850 What do these men have in common? 848 00:48:10,930 --> 00:48:12,640 The greatest minds on atomic theory. 849 00:48:12,720 --> 00:48:14,230 -Yes, and? -Uh... 850 00:48:14,810 --> 00:48:16,060 As much as you like... 851 00:48:17,480 --> 00:48:19,190 until you feel my boot on your balls. 852 00:48:20,230 --> 00:48:21,440 You know isotopes 853 00:48:21,520 --> 00:48:23,860 and you know explosives, better than anyone in the world. 854 00:48:23,940 --> 00:48:25,530 But you can't tell us what you're doing. 855 00:48:29,410 --> 00:48:31,740 -I don't know. -The Nazis have them. 856 00:48:31,830 --> 00:48:33,950 -Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen. -Under Nazi occupation. 857 00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:35,870 Did they stop printing newspapers in Princeton? 858 00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:39,710 Why would we go to the middle of nowhere for who knows how long? 859 00:48:39,790 --> 00:48:41,540 A year or two. Or three. 860 00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:45,880 General, could you give us a moment? 861 00:48:47,380 --> 00:48:50,010 It's about unleashing the strong force 862 00:48:51,550 --> 00:48:53,010 before the Nazis do. 863 00:48:53,850 --> 00:48:54,970 Oh, my God. 864 00:48:55,060 --> 00:48:57,350 -Niels won't work for the Nazis. -No, never. 865 00:48:57,440 --> 00:48:59,690 But while they have him, we don't. 866 00:48:59,770 --> 00:49:00,940 That's why I need you. 867 00:49:01,020 --> 00:49:02,940 Why would you think I'd do that? 868 00:49:03,020 --> 00:49:04,940 Why? Why? 869 00:49:05,030 --> 00:49:07,150 How about because this is the most important fucking thing 870 00:49:07,240 --> 00:49:09,280 to ever happen in the history of the world. 871 00:49:09,360 --> 00:49:11,830 How about that? Fuck. 872 00:49:17,120 --> 00:49:19,290 They are not gonna let me onto this project. 873 00:49:20,040 --> 00:49:23,800 And failing a security check is not gonna be good for a career, even after the war. 874 00:49:23,880 --> 00:49:25,510 So you're a fellow traveler. 875 00:49:25,590 --> 00:49:28,130 So what? This is a national emergency. 876 00:49:28,220 --> 00:49:31,260 I've got some skeletons, they put me in charge. 877 00:49:31,340 --> 00:49:32,350 They need us. 878 00:49:32,430 --> 00:49:33,890 Until they don't. 879 00:49:38,020 --> 00:49:40,190 Is there any chance of getting Bohr out of Denmark? 880 00:49:40,270 --> 00:49:41,400 Nah, no dice. 881 00:49:41,480 --> 00:49:43,650 I checked with the British. 882 00:49:43,730 --> 00:49:45,730 Until we get Allied boots back onto the continent, 883 00:49:45,820 --> 00:49:46,780 there's just no way. 884 00:49:48,650 --> 00:49:49,780 Is he that important? 885 00:49:49,860 --> 00:49:52,910 How many people do you know who've proved Einstein wrong? 886 00:49:54,280 --> 00:49:56,200 You know, it really would be quicker to take a plane. 887 00:49:56,290 --> 00:49:57,830 No, plane's too risky. 888 00:49:57,910 --> 00:49:59,290 Country needs us. 889 00:50:02,880 --> 00:50:06,130 The Harvard guys, they say the building's too small for the cyclotron. 890 00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:10,430 Get them together with the architects. 891 00:50:13,970 --> 00:50:15,720 When's this place supposed to open? 892 00:50:18,730 --> 00:50:19,890 Two months. 893 00:50:21,060 --> 00:50:24,360 Robert, you're the great improviser, but this... 894 00:50:25,440 --> 00:50:26,730 you can't do in your head. 895 00:50:28,280 --> 00:50:29,570 Four divisions. 896 00:50:30,570 --> 00:50:34,160 Experimental, Theoretical, Metallurgical, Ordnance. 897 00:50:34,240 --> 00:50:35,330 Who's running Theoretical? 898 00:50:35,410 --> 00:50:36,620 I am. 899 00:50:36,700 --> 00:50:39,540 That's what I was afraid of. You're spread too thin. 900 00:50:40,910 --> 00:50:42,370 So you take Theoretical. 901 00:50:45,290 --> 00:50:47,880 I'm not coming here, Robert. 902 00:50:54,050 --> 00:50:55,050 Why not? 903 00:51:01,890 --> 00:51:05,560 You drop a bomb and it falls on the just, and the unjust. 904 00:51:06,940 --> 00:51:09,530 I don't wish the culmination of three centuries of physics 905 00:51:09,610 --> 00:51:11,530 to be a weapon of mass destruction. 906 00:51:21,370 --> 00:51:22,500 Izzy. 907 00:51:23,410 --> 00:51:27,670 I don't know if we can be trusted with such a weapon. 908 00:51:29,250 --> 00:51:32,220 But I know the Nazis can't. 909 00:51:36,390 --> 00:51:37,550 We have no choice. 910 00:51:40,430 --> 00:51:41,430 Then... 911 00:51:43,230 --> 00:51:45,900 the second thing you'll have to do is appoint Hans Bethe 912 00:51:45,980 --> 00:51:47,690 to run the theoretical division. 913 00:51:49,980 --> 00:51:51,900 Wait, what was the first? 914 00:51:51,990 --> 00:51:55,490 Take off that ridiculous uniform. You're a scientist. 915 00:51:55,570 --> 00:51:57,570 Groves is insisting we join. 916 00:51:57,660 --> 00:51:59,660 Tell Groves to go shit in his hat. 917 00:51:59,740 --> 00:52:01,790 They need us for who we are. 918 00:52:01,870 --> 00:52:04,370 So be yourself. Only better. 919 00:52:44,700 --> 00:52:46,250 This is the only key. 920 00:52:46,330 --> 00:52:49,500 And Teller's already here. Shall I just show him in? 921 00:52:49,580 --> 00:52:52,630 No, let's wait for the others. 922 00:52:59,260 --> 00:53:00,260 Let's get started. 923 00:53:01,050 --> 00:53:02,390 Hello, Edward. 924 00:53:02,470 --> 00:53:03,510 Yes. 925 00:53:03,600 --> 00:53:05,930 Gentlemen, so, we will work here 926 00:53:06,020 --> 00:53:08,810 until the T-section at Los Alamos is finished. 927 00:53:08,900 --> 00:53:09,900 Edward, can I please-- 928 00:53:09,980 --> 00:53:11,190 It is more important. 929 00:53:13,320 --> 00:53:17,360 When I calculated the chain reaction, I found a rather troubling possibility. 930 00:53:18,490 --> 00:53:21,030 No. This can't be right. 931 00:53:21,910 --> 00:53:23,370 Show me how you did your calculations. 932 00:53:23,450 --> 00:53:24,450 Yes. 933 00:53:28,330 --> 00:53:31,540 -It's exponential. -No. No, no, no. No. 934 00:53:34,960 --> 00:53:36,510 This is fantasy. 935 00:53:36,590 --> 00:53:38,630 Teller's calculations can't be right. 936 00:53:39,260 --> 00:53:41,470 Do them yourself while I go to Princeton. 937 00:53:41,550 --> 00:53:43,550 -What for? -To talk to Einstein. 938 00:53:43,640 --> 00:53:45,930 There's not much common ground between you two. 939 00:53:46,020 --> 00:53:47,430 That's why I should get his view. 940 00:53:52,480 --> 00:53:54,440 -Albert. -Mmm? 941 00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:57,360 Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer. 942 00:53:57,440 --> 00:54:00,530 Well, have you met Dr. Gรถdel? We walk here most days. 943 00:54:00,610 --> 00:54:04,620 Trees are the most inspiring structures. 944 00:54:05,280 --> 00:54:06,740 Albert, might I have a word? 945 00:54:07,620 --> 00:54:09,540 Of course. Excuse me, Kurt. 946 00:54:11,370 --> 00:54:14,210 You know, some days, Kurt refuses to eat. 947 00:54:14,290 --> 00:54:15,420 Even in Princeton. 948 00:54:15,500 --> 00:54:18,840 He's convinced that the Nazis can poison his food. 949 00:54:20,220 --> 00:54:21,380 Hmm? 950 00:54:24,680 --> 00:54:25,720 Wha-- 951 00:54:30,350 --> 00:54:33,060 Whose-- Whose work is this? 952 00:54:33,150 --> 00:54:34,310 Teller's. 953 00:54:35,400 --> 00:54:37,110 What do you take it to mean? 954 00:54:37,900 --> 00:54:39,610 Neutrons smash into nucleus, 955 00:54:39,690 --> 00:54:43,030 releasing neutrons to smash into other nuclei. 956 00:54:43,950 --> 00:54:47,200 Criticality, a point of no return, massive explosive force. 957 00:54:47,740 --> 00:54:49,910 But this time, the chain reaction doesn't stop. 958 00:54:51,080 --> 00:54:53,210 It would ignite the atmosphere. 959 00:54:55,170 --> 00:54:56,960 When we detonate an atomic device, 960 00:54:57,040 --> 00:54:59,130 we might start a chain reaction that... 961 00:55:00,550 --> 00:55:01,880 destroys the world. 962 00:55:02,930 --> 00:55:04,590 So here we are, hmm? 963 00:55:04,680 --> 00:55:09,020 Lost in your quantum world of probabilities 964 00:55:09,100 --> 00:55:10,430 and needing certainty. 965 00:55:11,480 --> 00:55:13,690 Can you run the calculations yourself? 966 00:55:14,350 --> 00:55:18,650 About the only thing you and I have in common is a disdain for mathematics. 967 00:55:18,730 --> 00:55:21,900 -Who's working on this in Berkeley? -Hans Bethe. 968 00:55:21,990 --> 00:55:24,240 Well, he'll get to the truth. 969 00:55:26,070 --> 00:55:28,160 And if the truth is catastrophic? 970 00:55:28,870 --> 00:55:30,080 Then you stop. 971 00:55:30,160 --> 00:55:33,120 And you share your findings with the Nazis. 972 00:55:34,000 --> 00:55:36,420 So neither side destroys the world. 973 00:55:40,250 --> 00:55:41,260 Robert. 974 00:55:42,760 --> 00:55:44,880 This is yours, not mine. 975 00:55:58,900 --> 00:56:00,270 Teller's wrong. 976 00:56:00,360 --> 00:56:02,190 -He's wrong. -Shh, shh, shh... 977 00:56:11,410 --> 00:56:13,830 When you know Teller's critical assumptions, 978 00:56:13,910 --> 00:56:15,210 the real picture emerges. 979 00:56:15,290 --> 00:56:16,370 Bottom line? 980 00:56:17,210 --> 00:56:20,210 The chances of an uncontrolled nuclear reaction are near zero. 981 00:56:20,290 --> 00:56:21,590 Near zero. 982 00:56:23,050 --> 00:56:24,470 Oppie, this is good news. 983 00:56:24,550 --> 00:56:25,590 Mmm. 984 00:56:26,760 --> 00:56:29,640 -Can you run them again? -No, you'll get the same answer. 985 00:56:29,720 --> 00:56:31,310 Till they actually detonate one of these things, 986 00:56:31,390 --> 00:56:33,850 the best assurance you're going to get is this. 987 00:56:33,930 --> 00:56:34,930 Near zero. 988 00:56:37,560 --> 00:56:40,310 - Theory will take you only so far. - Mmm. 989 00:56:41,070 --> 00:56:43,730 - Hello! - Hello, you. We missed him. 990 00:56:44,280 --> 00:56:46,530 -You want to adopt? -She's kidding. 991 00:56:46,610 --> 00:56:48,240 We wanted to see you before we left. 992 00:56:48,990 --> 00:56:51,200 For parts unknown. 993 00:56:52,700 --> 00:56:55,660 You know who I ran into the other day? Eltenton. 994 00:56:56,330 --> 00:56:57,580 Huh. 995 00:56:57,670 --> 00:57:00,000 The chemist from Shell? The union guy? 996 00:57:00,080 --> 00:57:02,630 Yeah. The FAECT guy. 997 00:57:04,050 --> 00:57:06,260 He was moaning about how we're handling the war. 998 00:57:07,380 --> 00:57:08,800 How so? 999 00:57:08,880 --> 00:57:11,760 Lack of cooperation with our allies. 1000 00:57:11,850 --> 00:57:15,980 Apparently our government's not sharing any research with the Russians. 1001 00:57:16,060 --> 00:57:19,850 Well, he said, "Most scientists think the policy is stupid.โ€ 1002 00:57:23,400 --> 00:57:25,150 -Oh, yeah? -Yeah. 1003 00:57:25,740 --> 00:57:29,820 He mentioned that if anyone had anything they wanted to pass on, 1004 00:57:30,700 --> 00:57:34,240 going around official channels, that he could help. 1005 00:57:42,960 --> 00:57:44,210 That would be treason. 1006 00:57:45,380 --> 00:57:46,800 Yes, of course. 1007 00:57:47,550 --> 00:57:49,180 I just thought you should know. 1008 00:57:51,800 --> 00:57:55,180 The brat is down. Where are the martinis? 1009 00:58:00,560 --> 00:58:02,060 Coming right up. 1010 00:58:02,150 --> 00:58:03,610 The conversation ended there. 1011 00:58:03,690 --> 00:58:06,940 Nothing in our long-standing friendship would have led me to believe 1012 00:58:07,030 --> 00:58:09,990 that Chevalier was actually seeking information, 1013 00:58:10,070 --> 00:58:14,580 and I am certain that he had no idea of the work in which I was engaged. 1014 00:58:19,370 --> 00:58:21,000 It has long been clear to me 1015 00:58:21,080 --> 00:58:24,170 that I should have reported this incident at once. 1016 00:58:24,250 --> 00:58:26,960 The Oppenheimer situation highlights the tension 1017 00:58:27,050 --> 00:58:30,300 between scientists and the security apparatus. 1018 00:58:30,380 --> 00:58:32,720 In hopes of learning how the nominee handled such issues 1019 00:58:32,800 --> 00:58:34,850 during his time at the AEC, 1020 00:58:34,930 --> 00:58:37,680 we'll have a scientist appearing before the committee. 1021 00:58:38,850 --> 00:58:41,350 -Who are they bringing in? -They haven't said. 1022 00:58:41,440 --> 00:58:42,650 Mr. Chairman, if I may, 1023 00:58:42,730 --> 00:58:45,310 I'm nominated for commerce secretary. 1024 00:58:45,400 --> 00:58:47,610 Why seek the opinion of scientists? 1025 00:58:47,690 --> 00:58:49,900 This is a cabinet post, Admiral. 1026 00:58:49,990 --> 00:58:52,700 We seek a wide range of opinion. 1027 00:58:52,780 --> 00:58:55,030 Well, I'd like to know the name of the scientist testifying, 1028 00:58:55,120 --> 00:58:56,530 I'd like the chance to cross-examine. 1029 00:58:57,120 --> 00:58:58,790 This is not a court. 1030 00:59:00,160 --> 00:59:01,160 Formality, huh? 1031 00:59:01,250 --> 00:59:04,960 No presidential Cabinet nominee has failed to be confirmed since 1925. 1032 00:59:05,040 --> 00:59:07,210 This is just how the game is played. 1033 00:59:07,290 --> 00:59:09,670 It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice. 1034 00:59:10,260 --> 00:59:11,970 They bring in a scientist, so what? 1035 00:59:12,050 --> 00:59:13,930 You don't know scientists like I do, Counselor. 1036 00:59:14,010 --> 00:59:16,180 They resent anyone who questions their judgment, 1037 00:59:16,260 --> 00:59:18,220 especially if you're not one of them. 1038 00:59:18,310 --> 00:59:19,770 I was chair of the AEC. 1039 00:59:19,850 --> 00:59:21,930 I'm easy to blame for what happened to Robert. 1040 00:59:22,020 --> 00:59:24,270 We can't have the Senate thinking the scientific community 1041 00:59:24,350 --> 00:59:25,810 doesn't support you, sir. 1042 00:59:26,940 --> 00:59:28,900 - Or should we pivot? - To what? 1043 00:59:28,980 --> 00:59:30,440 And embrace it. 1044 00:59:30,530 --> 00:59:33,150 "I fought Oppenheimer and the US won." 1045 00:59:33,240 --> 00:59:34,820 I-I don't think we need to go there. 1046 00:59:34,910 --> 00:59:36,990 Isn't there someone we can call who knows what really happened? 1047 00:59:37,070 --> 00:59:38,660 -Teller. -He'll make an impression. 1048 00:59:38,740 --> 00:59:40,580 Can you get the name of the scientist they've called? 1049 00:59:40,660 --> 00:59:41,540 Probably. 1050 00:59:41,620 --> 00:59:44,670 Find out if he was based in Chicago or Los Alamos during the war. 1051 00:59:44,750 --> 00:59:45,960 Why does that matter? 1052 00:59:46,040 --> 00:59:48,750 If he was based in Chicago, he worked under Szilard and Fermi, 1053 00:59:48,840 --> 00:59:50,880 not the cult of Oppie at Los Alamos. 1054 00:59:50,960 --> 00:59:52,420 Robert built that damn place. 1055 00:59:52,510 --> 00:59:56,510 He was founder, mayor, sheriff, all rolled into one. 1056 01:00:08,940 --> 01:00:10,860 All it needs is a saloon. 1057 01:00:38,430 --> 01:00:39,680 Let's go and see. 1058 01:00:40,600 --> 01:00:41,810 There's no kitchen. 1059 01:00:43,060 --> 01:00:45,310 Reallyโ€? We'll fix that. 1060 01:00:52,320 --> 01:00:56,240 Barbed wire? Guns? Oppie. 1061 01:00:56,740 --> 01:00:58,320 We're at war, Hans. 1062 01:01:00,830 --> 01:01:03,490 Halifax, 1917. 1063 01:01:03,580 --> 01:01:06,160 A cargo ship carrying munitions explodes in the harbor. 1064 01:01:08,830 --> 01:01:11,630 A vast and sudden chemical reaction. 1065 01:01:15,420 --> 01:01:18,130 The biggest man-made explosion in history. 1066 01:01:18,800 --> 01:01:21,550 Now let's calculate how much more destructive it would have been 1067 01:01:21,640 --> 01:01:25,220 if it were a nuclear, and not a chemical, reaction. 1068 01:01:25,310 --> 01:01:28,270 Expressing power in terms of tons of TNT. 1069 01:01:28,350 --> 01:01:29,770 But it will be thousands. 1070 01:01:30,350 --> 01:01:32,940 Well, then... kilotons. 1071 01:01:36,900 --> 01:01:41,320 -Using U-235, the bomb will need-- -Ah... 1072 01:01:42,450 --> 01:01:43,450 Right, sorry. 1073 01:01:43,530 --> 01:01:47,410 ...Gadget will need a 33-pound sphere about this size. 1074 01:01:47,500 --> 01:01:51,130 Or using plutonium, the ten-pound sphere. 1075 01:01:52,670 --> 01:01:56,670 Here's the amount of uranium Oak Ridge refined all of last month. 1076 01:02:00,720 --> 01:02:03,390 And the Hanford plant made this much plutonium. 1077 01:02:05,720 --> 01:02:09,440 Now, if we can enrich these amounts, we need a way to detonate them. 1078 01:02:10,770 --> 01:02:12,150 Are we boring you, Edward? 1079 01:02:12,980 --> 01:02:14,360 A little bit, yes. 1080 01:02:14,440 --> 01:02:15,770 May I ask why? 1081 01:02:15,860 --> 01:02:19,150 We all entered this room knowing a fission bomb was possible. 1082 01:02:19,900 --> 01:02:22,870 -How about we leave it with something new? -Such as? 1083 01:02:22,950 --> 01:02:26,660 Instead of uranium or plutonium, we use hydrogen. 1084 01:02:27,950 --> 01:02:29,410 Heavy hydrogen. 1085 01:02:30,000 --> 01:02:31,080 Deuterium. 1086 01:02:31,580 --> 01:02:32,630 You see? 1087 01:02:32,710 --> 01:02:35,380 We compact the atoms together under great pressure 1088 01:02:35,460 --> 01:02:37,380 to induce a fusion reaction. 1089 01:02:38,460 --> 01:02:41,090 Then we'll get not kilotons, 1090 01:02:41,180 --> 01:02:42,260 but megatons. 1091 01:02:43,340 --> 01:02:45,180 Okay, hang on, hang on. 1092 01:02:45,260 --> 01:02:49,140 So how do you generate enough force to fuse hydrogen atoms? 1093 01:02:50,270 --> 01:02:51,730 A small fission bomb. 1094 01:02:52,480 --> 01:02:53,600 -Ah... -There we are! 1095 01:02:55,560 --> 01:02:57,150 Well, since we're going to need one anyway, 1096 01:02:57,230 --> 01:02:59,190 can we get back to the business at hand? 1097 01:02:59,280 --> 01:03:00,440 The isotopes issue 1098 01:03:00,530 --> 01:03:05,530 wasn't your most important policy disagreement with Dr. Oppenheimer, 1099 01:03:05,620 --> 01:03:08,160 it was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it? 1100 01:03:08,240 --> 01:03:13,370 As colleagues, we agreed to disagree on a great many things, uh, 1101 01:03:13,460 --> 01:03:17,250 and, well, one of them was the need for an H-bomb program, yes. 1102 01:03:17,920 --> 01:03:19,210 Siren wailing) 1103 01:03:30,680 --> 01:03:33,270 Thanks for convening on short notice. 1104 01:03:33,350 --> 01:03:34,770 I can't believe it. 1105 01:03:36,020 --> 01:03:37,310 Here we are. 1106 01:03:37,400 --> 01:03:39,360 Catch me up. What do we know? 1107 01:03:39,440 --> 01:03:43,530 One of our B-29s over the North Pacific has detected radiation. 1108 01:03:43,610 --> 01:03:45,200 Do we have the filter paper? 1109 01:03:45,280 --> 01:03:48,160 -There's no doubt what this is. -White House says there's a doubt. 1110 01:03:48,240 --> 01:03:49,660 Wishful thinking, I'm afraid. 1111 01:03:49,740 --> 01:03:52,540 Are those the long-range detection filter papers? 1112 01:03:53,500 --> 01:03:54,830 It's an atomic test. 1113 01:03:58,500 --> 01:04:00,210 The Russians have a bomb. 1114 01:04:00,300 --> 01:04:03,630 We're supposed to be years ahead of them, but some-- 1115 01:04:03,720 --> 01:04:07,140 What were you guys doing at Los Alamos? Wasn't security tight? 1116 01:04:07,220 --> 01:04:09,890 - Of course it was. You weren't there. - Forgive me, Doctor... 1117 01:04:11,930 --> 01:04:13,180 but I was there. 1118 01:04:14,140 --> 01:04:17,770 We can now consider the actual mechanics of detonation. 1119 01:04:17,860 --> 01:04:19,150 Any ideas? 1120 01:04:19,230 --> 01:04:20,570 I call this "shooting." 1121 01:04:20,650 --> 01:04:24,280 We fire a chunk of fissionable material into a larger sphere 1122 01:04:24,360 --> 01:04:26,910 with enough force to achieve criticality. 1123 01:04:26,990 --> 01:04:28,700 What do we think? Anyone? 1124 01:04:28,780 --> 01:04:30,450 I've been thinking about implosion. 1125 01:04:30,530 --> 01:04:33,540 Explosives around the sphere blast inwards, crushing the material. 1126 01:04:34,620 --> 01:04:36,460 I'd like to investigate that idea. 1127 01:04:36,540 --> 01:04:38,710 I'll talk to Ordnance, get you blowing things up. 1128 01:04:39,960 --> 01:04:41,920 - Progress? - Nice to see you too. 1129 01:04:42,840 --> 01:04:44,670 Meet the British contingent. 1130 01:04:44,760 --> 01:04:46,430 Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs. 1131 01:04:46,510 --> 01:04:48,300 How long have you been British? 1132 01:04:48,390 --> 01:04:50,550 -Since Hitler told me I wasn't German. -Aha. 1133 01:04:51,260 --> 01:04:52,930 Come, welcome to Los Alamos. 1134 01:04:53,470 --> 01:04:55,230 School's up and running. 1135 01:04:55,310 --> 01:04:57,310 Bar... always running. 1136 01:04:58,400 --> 01:05:00,520 And I thought of a way to reduce support staff. 1137 01:05:01,980 --> 01:05:03,780 - Is that-- - Mrs. Serber, yes. 1138 01:05:03,860 --> 01:05:07,320 I've offered jobs to all the wives. Admin, librarians, computation. 1139 01:05:07,400 --> 01:05:09,530 We cut down on staff, keep families together. 1140 01:05:09,620 --> 01:05:10,780 Are these women qualified? 1141 01:05:10,870 --> 01:05:13,950 Don't be absurd. These are some of the brightest minds in our community. 1142 01:05:14,040 --> 01:05:15,750 And they're already security cleared. 1143 01:05:15,830 --> 01:05:16,830 I've informed General Groves 1144 01:05:16,910 --> 01:05:19,370 you've been holding cross-divisional, open discussions on a nightly basis. 1145 01:05:19,460 --> 01:05:20,710 Shut them down. 1146 01:05:20,790 --> 01:05:23,380 Compartmentalization is the key to maintaining security-- 1147 01:05:23,460 --> 01:05:24,380 It's only the top men. 1148 01:05:24,460 --> 01:05:26,420 Who presumably communicate with subordinates. 1149 01:05:26,510 --> 01:05:28,380 These men aren't stupid. They can be discreet. 1150 01:05:28,470 --> 01:05:29,430 I don't like it. 1151 01:05:29,510 --> 01:05:32,180 You don't like anything enough for that to be a fair test. 1152 01:05:38,100 --> 01:05:40,600 Once a week. Top men only. 1153 01:05:40,690 --> 01:05:43,110 -I'd like to bring my brother here. -No. 1154 01:05:44,690 --> 01:05:45,780 Nichols... 1155 01:05:47,280 --> 01:05:49,950 I still haven't heard that my security clearance has been approved. 1156 01:05:50,030 --> 01:05:51,950 -It hasn't. -We're going to Chicago tomorrow. 1157 01:05:52,030 --> 01:05:53,700 Well, you should wait. 1158 01:05:53,780 --> 01:05:56,330 You are aware that the Nazis have a two-year head start? 1159 01:05:56,410 --> 01:05:58,250 Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact that your security clearance 1160 01:05:58,330 --> 01:06:00,370 is proving difficult to obtain is not my fault. 1161 01:06:00,460 --> 01:06:01,790 It's yours. 1162 01:06:01,880 --> 01:06:03,540 May not be your fault, but it's your problem. 1163 01:06:03,630 --> 01:06:05,090 Because I'm going. 1164 01:06:05,170 --> 01:06:07,300 And how many people were in these, uh, 1165 01:06:08,090 --> 01:06:09,880 open discussions? 1166 01:06:09,970 --> 01:06:12,300 Too many. Compartmentalization was supposed to be the protocol. 1167 01:06:12,390 --> 01:06:14,180 We were in a race against the Nazis. 1168 01:06:14,260 --> 01:06:17,470 -And now the race is against the Soviets. -Not unless we start it. 1169 01:06:17,560 --> 01:06:21,600 Robert, they just fired a starting gun. 1170 01:06:21,690 --> 01:06:23,900 What's the nature of the device they detonated? 1171 01:06:23,980 --> 01:06:27,480 The data indicates it may have been a plutonium implosion device. 1172 01:06:27,570 --> 01:06:30,700 Like the one you built at Los Alamos. 1173 01:06:30,780 --> 01:06:33,700 The Russians have a bomb, Truman needs to know what's next. 1174 01:06:33,780 --> 01:06:35,660 What's next? Arms talks. 1175 01:06:35,740 --> 01:06:37,200 -Arms talks. -Obviously. 1176 01:06:38,410 --> 01:06:39,660 What about the Super? 1177 01:06:39,750 --> 01:06:43,380 Does Truman even know about it? Did we brief him on that? 1178 01:06:43,460 --> 01:06:44,540 Not specifically. 1179 01:06:44,630 --> 01:06:47,590 We still don't know if a hydrogen bomb's technically feasible. 1180 01:06:47,670 --> 01:06:49,760 My understanding is that Teller proposed it? 1181 01:06:49,840 --> 01:06:51,430 - Yes. - At Los Alamos? 1182 01:06:51,510 --> 01:06:53,470 Teller's designs have always been wildly impractical. 1183 01:06:53,550 --> 01:06:55,550 You'd have to deliver by ox cart. 1184 01:06:55,640 --> 01:06:57,560 - Not airplane. - Oppie. 1185 01:06:57,640 --> 01:06:59,890 I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence. Do you want to comment? 1186 01:07:01,690 --> 01:07:02,770 No. 1187 01:07:04,440 --> 01:07:07,020 Because if it can put us ahead again, 1188 01:07:07,110 --> 01:07:12,200 the President of the United States needs to know about it. 1189 01:07:13,780 --> 01:07:18,660 And if the Russians know about it already from a spy at Los Alamos, 1190 01:07:18,740 --> 01:07:19,750 then we've gotta get going. 1191 01:07:19,830 --> 01:07:22,750 There's no proof there was a spy at Los Alamos. 1192 01:07:22,830 --> 01:07:23,830 Robert. 1193 01:07:28,460 --> 01:07:30,550 They put it under the football stadium? 1194 01:07:30,630 --> 01:07:32,510 The field's not in use anymore. 1195 01:07:32,590 --> 01:07:33,840 Just as well. 1196 01:07:36,640 --> 01:07:38,510 -Oppie. -Dr. Fermi. 1197 01:07:38,600 --> 01:07:40,680 Come stai? Va bene? 1198 01:07:41,390 --> 01:07:44,350 -I hear you got a little town. -Yes. Come and see. 1199 01:07:45,520 --> 01:07:48,770 Who could think straight in a place like that? Huh? 1200 01:07:49,690 --> 01:07:51,650 Everybody will go crazy. 1201 01:07:52,490 --> 01:07:54,780 Thank you for the vote of confidence, Szilard. 1202 01:07:56,160 --> 01:07:58,700 Do we really-- Do we really need that in the notes? 1203 01:07:59,450 --> 01:08:01,450 When are you going to try it out? 1204 01:08:01,540 --> 01:08:03,210 We did. 1205 01:08:03,290 --> 01:08:06,540 The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. 1206 01:08:07,330 --> 01:08:08,710 Didn't Groves tell you? 1207 01:08:08,790 --> 01:08:10,460 No. 1208 01:08:15,260 --> 01:08:17,680 One at a time, please. One at a time. 1209 01:08:18,220 --> 01:08:19,470 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1210 01:08:20,220 --> 01:08:23,230 I tried Personnel. They asked if I could type. 1211 01:08:23,310 --> 01:08:24,480 Can you? 1212 01:08:24,560 --> 01:08:27,190 Harvard forgot to teach that on the graduate chemistry course. 1213 01:08:29,190 --> 01:08:31,730 Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here on the plutonium team. 1214 01:08:37,110 --> 01:08:39,410 What the hell were you doing in Chicago?! 1215 01:08:39,490 --> 01:08:40,700 Visiting the Met? 1216 01:08:40,780 --> 01:08:41,830 Why?! 1217 01:08:41,910 --> 01:08:43,950 -Why?! -Because we have every right-- 1218 01:08:44,040 --> 01:08:47,710 You have just the rights that I give you! No more, no less! 1219 01:08:48,290 --> 01:08:50,210 We are adults trying to run a project here. 1220 01:08:50,290 --> 01:08:51,840 This is ridiculous. 1221 01:08:51,920 --> 01:08:52,920 Tell him. 1222 01:08:54,510 --> 01:08:57,300 Compartmentalization is the protocol we agreed to. 1223 01:08:58,550 --> 01:08:59,760 Enough of this madhouse. 1224 01:08:59,850 --> 01:09:01,760 Nobody can work under these conditions. 1225 01:09:01,850 --> 01:09:04,730 You know what, Generalissimo? 1226 01:09:04,810 --> 01:09:06,180 I quit. 1227 01:09:06,270 --> 01:09:07,480 Thanks for nothing. 1228 01:09:09,730 --> 01:09:11,270 Better off without him. 1229 01:09:12,480 --> 01:09:15,530 Aren't you more concerned about his discretion out there? 1230 01:09:16,650 --> 01:09:18,110 We'll have him killed. 1231 01:09:19,990 --> 01:09:21,410 I was just kidding. 1232 01:09:21,990 --> 01:09:23,790 No, he hates me, not America. 1233 01:09:24,410 --> 01:09:27,330 You know, General, not everyone has levers to pull like mine. 1234 01:09:27,410 --> 01:09:28,750 I don't think I understand. 1235 01:09:29,370 --> 01:09:31,420 You didn't hire me despite my left-wing past, 1236 01:09:31,500 --> 01:09:33,090 you hired me because of it. 1237 01:09:34,050 --> 01:09:36,010 So you could control me. 1238 01:09:36,090 --> 01:09:38,680 Well, I'm not that subtle. 1239 01:09:38,760 --> 01:09:40,260 I'm just a humble soldier. 1240 01:09:40,340 --> 01:09:42,350 You're neither humble, nor just a soldier. 1241 01:09:42,430 --> 01:09:45,180 -You studied engineering at MIT. -Guilty as charged. 1242 01:09:45,270 --> 01:09:46,600 Well, now we understand each other, 1243 01:09:46,680 --> 01:09:48,270 perhaps you can get me my security clearance 1244 01:09:48,350 --> 01:09:50,440 so I can perform this miracle for you. 1245 01:09:56,360 --> 01:09:58,700 General Groves, were you aware of Dr. Oppenheimer's 1246 01:09:58,780 --> 01:10:01,240 left-wing associations when you appointed him? 1247 01:10:01,320 --> 01:10:03,410 I was aware that there were suspicions about him. 1248 01:10:03,490 --> 01:10:06,580 I was aware he had a very extreme, liberal background. 1249 01:10:06,660 --> 01:10:09,620 In your opinion, would he ever consciously commit a disloyal act? 1250 01:10:09,710 --> 01:10:11,630 I would be amazed if he did. 1251 01:10:11,710 --> 01:10:14,500 So you had complete confidence in his integrity? 1252 01:10:14,590 --> 01:10:17,170 At Los Alamos, yes, which is where I really knew him. 1253 01:10:17,260 --> 01:10:19,930 General, did your security officers on the project 1254 01:10:20,010 --> 01:10:22,260 advise you against the clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer? 1255 01:10:22,340 --> 01:10:26,310 They could not and would not clear him until I insisted. 1256 01:10:26,390 --> 01:10:28,060 And it's safe to say that you had a pretty good knowledge 1257 01:10:28,140 --> 01:10:29,850 of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file. 1258 01:10:29,940 --> 01:10:31,020 I did. 1259 01:10:31,600 --> 01:10:34,190 There's only really one question I need answered here today. 1260 01:10:34,270 --> 01:10:38,860 In light of the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1261 01:10:38,940 --> 01:10:40,740 Do you have the guidelines? 1262 01:10:48,200 --> 01:10:53,960 Under current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1263 01:11:05,760 --> 01:11:07,430 Physics and New Mexico, huh? 1264 01:11:08,850 --> 01:11:09,850 My God. 1265 01:11:10,390 --> 01:11:11,890 What a trek. 1266 01:11:11,980 --> 01:11:13,310 That's why you need a liaison. 1267 01:11:13,400 --> 01:11:14,770 I'm appointing Lomanitz. 1268 01:11:15,940 --> 01:11:17,070 You're gonna be okay. 1269 01:11:17,150 --> 01:11:18,400 This way, gentlemen. 1270 01:11:28,450 --> 01:11:30,250 -Dr. Lawrence. -Leslie. 1271 01:11:30,790 --> 01:11:32,790 I'd like to remind you what we talked about in Berkeley. 1272 01:11:32,870 --> 01:11:34,750 Compartmentalization. I understand completely. 1273 01:11:40,670 --> 01:11:41,670 Thank you. 1274 01:11:50,140 --> 01:11:51,480 Greetings from Berkeley. 1275 01:11:51,560 --> 01:11:54,900 I am here to update you on our progress and solicit your input. 1276 01:11:54,980 --> 01:11:57,190 To do so, I am going to have to share a few things 1277 01:11:57,270 --> 01:11:59,940 that General Groves told me not to. 1278 01:12:00,030 --> 01:12:02,860 Sorry, General, I said I understood, not that I agreed. 1279 01:12:02,940 --> 01:12:04,450 Okay. 1280 01:12:04,530 --> 01:12:06,070 Gentlemen, to business. 1281 01:12:06,660 --> 01:12:09,820 There were rumors of espionage at Los Alamos. 1282 01:12:08,580 --> 01:12:10,410 Unsubstantiated. 1283 01:12:10,490 --> 01:12:14,320 I'm told that there were communists on the project. 1284 01:12:13,630 --> 01:12:16,320 We didn't knowingly employ any communists. 1285 01:12:14,600 --> 01:12:18,340 Were any of them involved in discussions of the Super? 1286 01:12:18,420 --> 01:12:21,000 I seem to remember you demanding your brother come to Los Alamos. 1287 01:12:21,090 --> 01:12:22,760 My brother had left the Party by then. 1288 01:12:22,840 --> 01:12:23,840 What about Lomanitz? 1289 01:12:23,920 --> 01:12:26,890 Lomanitz was never employed at Los Alamos. He was a liaison. 1290 01:12:26,970 --> 01:12:29,760 Our security was tight, as former Colonel Nichols well knows. 1291 01:12:29,850 --> 01:12:32,560 Our security was as tight as it could be given the personalities involved, 1292 01:12:32,640 --> 01:12:33,890 but attempts were made. 1293 01:12:33,980 --> 01:12:36,810 -What is that supposed to mean? -We've all read his file here. 1294 01:12:37,650 --> 01:12:39,810 Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock? 1295 01:12:40,730 --> 01:12:42,940 Or the Chevalier incident? 1296 01:12:47,360 --> 01:12:48,450 Excuse me. 1297 01:12:50,280 --> 01:12:53,250 That's Lomanitz, on line one. 1298 01:12:59,880 --> 01:13:00,960 Hello, Rossi. 1299 01:13:01,040 --> 01:13:04,050 What? Okay, just calm down. 1300 01:13:05,090 --> 01:13:06,380 There's been another screw-up. 1301 01:13:06,470 --> 01:13:08,130 Lomanitz just got drafted. 1302 01:13:08,220 --> 01:13:10,850 -We are at war, Doctor. -Don't be an asshole, Nichols. 1303 01:13:10,930 --> 01:13:12,930 We need this kid. Fix it, will you? 1304 01:13:13,010 --> 01:13:14,390 It wasn't a mistake. 1305 01:13:14,470 --> 01:13:17,270 Your friend Lomanitz has been trying to unionize the Radiation Lab. 1306 01:13:17,350 --> 01:13:18,980 He promised to quit all that. 1307 01:13:19,060 --> 01:13:20,440 Well, he hasn't. 1308 01:13:21,230 --> 01:13:24,230 Security officer at Berkeley's concerned about communist infiltration 1309 01:13:24,320 --> 01:13:26,150 through that union, the FA-- 1310 01:13:26,240 --> 01:13:28,070 FAECT. 1311 01:13:30,530 --> 01:13:32,780 Well, I'm there next week, I'll... 1312 01:13:32,870 --> 01:13:34,200 drop in to see him. 1313 01:13:36,200 --> 01:13:37,830 Your Q clearance came through. 1314 01:13:41,750 --> 01:13:45,260 It's important you not maintain or renew any questionable associations. 1315 01:13:50,090 --> 01:13:52,180 Doctor, did you think social contacts 1316 01:13:52,260 --> 01:13:56,350 between a person engaged on secret war work and communists was dangerous? 1317 01:13:56,430 --> 01:13:59,440 My awareness of the danger would be greater today. 1318 01:14:00,190 --> 01:14:03,020 I mean, it's fair to say that during the war years, 1319 01:14:03,110 --> 01:14:06,320 you felt that such contacts were potentially dangerous? 1320 01:14:12,740 --> 01:14:15,080 Were conceivably dangerous, yes. 1321 01:14:15,870 --> 01:14:19,290 I mean, really? Known communists? 1322 01:14:22,250 --> 01:14:23,250 Look... 1323 01:14:24,420 --> 01:14:28,590 I've had a lot of secrets in my head for a long time. 1324 01:14:29,800 --> 01:14:34,010 Doesn't matter who I associate with. I don't talk about those secrets. 1325 01:14:41,650 --> 01:14:43,270 You said in your statement 1326 01:14:44,360 --> 01:14:45,480 that you had 1327 01:14:46,610 --> 01:14:48,900 to see Jean Tatlock in 1943. 1328 01:14:50,700 --> 01:14:52,070 You left. 1329 01:14:53,450 --> 01:14:54,700 Not a word. 1330 01:14:55,370 --> 01:14:57,370 What did you think that would do to me? 1331 01:14:58,660 --> 01:14:59,660 I wrote. 1332 01:14:59,750 --> 01:15:01,750 Pages of nothing. 1333 01:15:04,250 --> 01:15:06,000 Where did you go? 1334 01:15:07,710 --> 01:15:09,210 -I can't tell you. -Why not? 1335 01:15:09,300 --> 01:15:10,840 Because you're a communist. 1336 01:15:13,470 --> 01:15:15,470 Why did you have to see her? 1337 01:15:15,550 --> 01:15:20,310 Because she had indicated a great desire to see me before we left. 1338 01:15:20,390 --> 01:15:25,020 At that time, I couldn't, but I felt that she had to see me. 1339 01:15:25,110 --> 01:15:27,770 She was undergoing psychiatric treatment. 1340 01:15:27,860 --> 01:15:29,900 She was extremely unhappy. 1341 01:15:29,980 --> 01:15:32,200 Did you find out why she had to see you? 1342 01:15:37,160 --> 01:15:39,240 Because she was still in love with me. 1343 01:15:46,630 --> 01:15:48,380 Spent the night together, didn't you? 1344 01:15:56,430 --> 01:15:57,510 Yes. 1345 01:16:03,890 --> 01:16:06,940 You drop in and out of my life 1346 01:16:07,020 --> 01:16:09,480 and you don't have to tell me why. 1347 01:16:09,570 --> 01:16:10,940 Now, that's power. 1348 01:16:11,030 --> 01:16:13,070 Not that I enjoy. 1349 01:16:13,860 --> 01:16:16,280 I'd rather be here for you as you need. 1350 01:16:16,360 --> 01:16:18,780 But you have other priorities now. 1351 01:16:19,580 --> 01:16:21,370 I have a wife and child. 1352 01:16:22,660 --> 01:16:25,080 That's not what either of us is talking about. 1353 01:16:28,840 --> 01:16:29,880 Jean. 1354 01:16:30,750 --> 01:16:32,300 You asked me to come. 1355 01:16:33,420 --> 01:16:35,050 And I'm glad I did. 1356 01:16:35,930 --> 01:16:37,590 But I can't see you again. 1357 01:16:40,930 --> 01:16:42,600 But what if I need you? 1358 01:16:46,560 --> 01:16:48,560 You said you would always answer. 1359 01:16:51,440 --> 01:16:52,690 Not a word. 1360 01:16:53,820 --> 01:16:56,150 Did you think that consistent with good security? 1361 01:16:56,240 --> 01:16:59,120 As a matter of fact, it was. Not a word. 1362 01:17:00,700 --> 01:17:02,410 When did you see her after that? 1363 01:17:10,750 --> 01:17:12,250 I never saw her again. 1364 01:17:18,840 --> 01:17:21,220 I can make the last train back to Princeton. 1365 01:17:21,970 --> 01:17:24,520 Kitty, I didn't say anything that I hadn't already told you. 1366 01:17:24,600 --> 01:17:27,770 -Today you said it to history, didn't you? -This is a closed hearing. 1367 01:17:29,980 --> 01:17:32,570 If they don't release the transcript, I'm sure you will. 1368 01:17:32,650 --> 01:17:33,650 I was under oath. 1369 01:17:33,730 --> 01:17:36,740 Well, you were under an oath to me when you went to see Jean. 1370 01:17:37,780 --> 01:17:39,160 You know, you... 1371 01:17:39,990 --> 01:17:41,450 you sit there, 1372 01:17:41,530 --> 01:17:42,530 day after day, 1373 01:17:43,660 --> 01:17:46,000 letting them pick our lives to pieces. 1374 01:17:48,410 --> 01:17:49,870 Why won't you fight? 1375 01:17:53,420 --> 01:17:56,130 Robert, I'm not putting her up there. 1376 01:18:01,850 --> 01:18:04,600 Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor. Please, take a seat. 1377 01:18:04,680 --> 01:18:06,470 No need, I just wanted to check 1378 01:18:06,560 --> 01:18:10,520 whether I should talk to Lomanitz while I'm here, given your concerns. 1379 01:18:10,600 --> 01:18:13,480 Well, I'd say that's really up to you, Professor, but I'd be cautious. 1380 01:18:13,570 --> 01:18:14,900 Uh-huh. Understood. 1381 01:18:14,980 --> 01:18:17,530 Oh, and, um... ...as regards to the union, 1382 01:18:17,610 --> 01:18:21,160 I wanted to give you a heads-up on a man named Eltenton. 1383 01:18:21,240 --> 01:18:22,780 -A heads-up? -Yes. 1384 01:18:22,870 --> 01:18:25,700 Just that he might merit watching, is all. 1385 01:18:27,250 --> 01:18:28,620 I'd love to get more details. 1386 01:18:28,710 --> 01:18:32,040 Well, I have an appointment now, and I leave early tomorrow. 1387 01:18:32,130 --> 01:18:35,710 Well, come back as early as you like. Since you haven't time now. 1388 01:18:36,880 --> 01:18:38,510 You went back the next morning. 1389 01:18:38,590 --> 01:18:40,550 I did. I had to, really. 1390 01:18:41,340 --> 01:18:42,760 This time there was another man. 1391 01:18:45,010 --> 01:18:46,350 He said his name was Pash. 1392 01:18:46,430 --> 01:18:49,020 Pash. You met Colonel Pash? 1393 01:18:49,100 --> 01:18:54,230 Colonel Pash, could you please read from your memo dated June 29, 1943? 1394 01:18:55,980 --> 01:18:58,440 "Results of surveillance conducted on subject 1395 01:18:58,530 --> 01:19:01,400 indicate further possible Communist Party connections. 1396 01:19:01,490 --> 01:19:03,820 Subject met with, and spent considerable time with, 1397 01:19:03,910 --> 01:19:05,780 one Jean Tatlock, communist, 1398 01:19:05,870 --> 01:19:07,290 the record of whom is attached."โ€ 1399 01:19:07,370 --> 01:19:09,950 - The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer? - Yes. 1400 01:19:10,040 --> 01:19:11,710 Whom you had not met? 1401 01:19:11,790 --> 01:19:13,120 Not then, but soon after. 1402 01:19:13,210 --> 01:19:15,750 He's the head of security for the project. Shouldn't I know him? 1403 01:19:15,840 --> 01:19:19,380 No, he should know you. I would never put you in a room with Pash. 1404 01:19:19,460 --> 01:19:20,420 Why not? 1405 01:19:21,010 --> 01:19:22,880 When Pash first heard about Lomanitz, 1406 01:19:22,970 --> 01:19:25,890 he told the FBI he was gonna kidnap him, 1407 01:19:25,970 --> 01:19:27,720 take him out on a boat, 1408 01:19:27,810 --> 01:19:30,180 and interrogate him in the Russian manner. 1409 01:19:33,230 --> 01:19:35,400 General Groves has placed in me a certain responsibility, 1410 01:19:35,480 --> 01:19:37,650 and it's like having a child who I can't see. 1411 01:19:38,690 --> 01:19:40,030 By remote control. 1412 01:19:41,360 --> 01:19:42,740 So to actually meet you is... 1413 01:19:44,700 --> 01:19:46,950 -I won't take up too much of your time. -No, not at all. 1414 01:19:47,030 --> 01:19:48,240 Whatever time you choose. 1415 01:19:49,490 --> 01:19:51,620 Mr. Johnson told me of a conversation you had yesterday 1416 01:19:51,700 --> 01:19:53,000 in which I'm very interested. 1417 01:19:53,080 --> 01:19:55,290 It's had me worried all day. 1418 01:19:55,380 --> 01:19:58,920 Yes, well, I didn't want to talk to Lomanitz without authorization. 1419 01:19:59,000 --> 01:20:00,920 That's not the particular interest that I have. 1420 01:20:01,010 --> 01:20:02,470 It's something a little bit more... 1421 01:20:03,970 --> 01:20:05,430 in my opinion, more serious. 1422 01:20:05,510 --> 01:20:08,300 Now, when the FBI pointed out that such information 1423 01:20:08,390 --> 01:20:09,720 wouldn't be admissible in court, 1424 01:20:09,810 --> 01:20:13,940 Pash made it clear he had no intention of leaving any witness left to prosecute. 1425 01:20:14,020 --> 01:20:17,110 Now, the FBI talked him down, but that's the man you're dancing with. 1426 01:20:17,190 --> 01:20:19,900 I gather you've heard there are other parties 1427 01:20:19,980 --> 01:20:21,990 interested in the work of the Radiation Lab? 1428 01:20:23,070 --> 01:20:29,450 A man attached to the Soviet Consul indicated through intermediate people 1429 01:20:30,030 --> 01:20:34,580 to people on this project that he was in a position to transmit information. 1430 01:20:34,660 --> 01:20:37,040 Why would anyone on the project wanna do that? 1431 01:20:38,960 --> 01:20:41,300 Frankly, I can see that there might be an argument 1432 01:20:41,380 --> 01:20:43,760 for the commander-in-chief informing the Russians. 1433 01:20:43,840 --> 01:20:45,840 They're our allies after all. 1434 01:20:45,930 --> 01:20:48,720 But I don't like the idea of it going out the back door. 1435 01:20:48,800 --> 01:20:51,010 It might not hurt to be on the lookout for it. 1436 01:20:52,220 --> 01:20:54,020 And you said that to Pash? 1437 01:20:54,100 --> 01:20:58,310 I was trying to put it in the context of "Russia's not Germany." 1438 01:20:58,400 --> 01:21:02,900 Boris Pash is the son of a Russian Orthodox bishop. 1439 01:21:02,980 --> 01:21:04,900 Born here, but in 1918, 1440 01:21:04,990 --> 01:21:07,410 he went back to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks. 1441 01:21:07,490 --> 01:21:10,320 This is a man who has killed communists with his own hands. 1442 01:21:10,410 --> 01:21:13,540 I'm not the judge of who should or should not have information. 1443 01:21:13,620 --> 01:21:16,210 It's my business to stop it from going through illegally. 1444 01:21:16,290 --> 01:21:18,170 Would you be a little more specific? 1445 01:21:20,750 --> 01:21:24,460 There's a man whose name was mentioned to me a couple of times. 1446 01:21:24,550 --> 01:21:25,550 Eltenton. 1447 01:21:26,670 --> 01:21:29,800 Uh, I believe he's a chemist who works at Shell. 1448 01:21:29,890 --> 01:21:33,010 He talked to a friend of his 1449 01:21:33,100 --> 01:21:35,930 who's an acquaintance of someone on the project. 1450 01:21:37,640 --> 01:21:40,060 And you thought Pash would be satisfied with that? 1451 01:21:40,150 --> 01:21:43,980 I was attempting to give them Eltenton without opening a can of worms. 1452 01:21:44,070 --> 01:21:45,940 I told them a cock-and-bull story. 1453 01:21:46,030 --> 01:21:47,530 Did you lie to General Groves too? 1454 01:21:47,610 --> 01:21:51,120 No. I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash. 1455 01:21:51,200 --> 01:21:52,910 Do you recall this conversation 1456 01:21:52,990 --> 01:21:54,450 about the Chevalier incident? 1457 01:21:54,540 --> 01:21:57,500 I've seen so many versions of it, 1458 01:21:57,580 --> 01:22:00,080 I wasn't confused before but I'm certainly getting there now. 1459 01:22:00,170 --> 01:22:01,380 What was your conclusion? 1460 01:22:01,460 --> 01:22:06,760 That he was under the influence of the typical American schoolboy attitude 1461 01:22:06,840 --> 01:22:10,300 that there's something wicked about telling on a friend. 1462 01:22:10,380 --> 01:22:11,550 Well, now... 1463 01:22:12,300 --> 01:22:14,890 Might we know through whom the contact was made? 1464 01:22:15,470 --> 01:22:19,270 That would involve people who are not to be involved in this. 1465 01:22:19,350 --> 01:22:22,190 Is that someone a member of the project? 1466 01:22:22,770 --> 01:22:26,230 A member of the faculty, yes, but not in the project, no. 1467 01:22:26,320 --> 01:22:27,320 Ah. 1468 01:22:27,860 --> 01:22:32,490 So Eltenton made his approach through a member of the faculty here at Berkeley? 1469 01:22:34,410 --> 01:22:36,870 As far as I know-- As far as I know, yes. 1470 01:22:36,950 --> 01:22:38,870 But... ...there may have been... 1471 01:22:39,750 --> 01:22:41,460 more than one person involved. 1472 01:22:46,500 --> 01:22:50,420 Gentlemen, if I-- If I seem uncooperative, I think you can understand 1473 01:22:50,510 --> 01:22:51,630 it's because of my insistence 1474 01:22:51,720 --> 01:22:54,600 in not getting innocent people into trouble. 1475 01:22:54,680 --> 01:22:57,520 You're trying to protect your friend. Who's protecting you? 1476 01:22:57,600 --> 01:23:00,180 -Well, you could. -If you gave me the name. 1477 01:23:00,270 --> 01:23:01,850 If you order me to, I'll do it. 1478 01:23:01,940 --> 01:23:05,020 That is a mistake, Robert. You need to volunteer this name. 1479 01:23:06,610 --> 01:23:08,900 - And did he give you the name? - He did. 1480 01:23:08,990 --> 01:23:10,280 - But not then, did he? - No. 1481 01:23:10,360 --> 01:23:12,860 No. In fact, it was some months later, wasn't it? 1482 01:23:12,950 --> 01:23:13,950 It was. 1483 01:23:14,030 --> 01:23:16,830 -You see me as persistent. -Well, you are-- 1484 01:23:16,910 --> 01:23:18,870 You are persistent, but that is your job. 1485 01:23:18,950 --> 01:23:22,500 And-And my job is to protect the people that work for me. 1486 01:23:22,580 --> 01:23:26,340 Instead of us going on certain steps, which may come to your attention... 1487 01:23:28,000 --> 01:23:29,920 and be disturbing to you, 1488 01:23:30,010 --> 01:23:32,260 I would like to discuss those with you first. 1489 01:23:33,010 --> 01:23:36,680 I'm not formulating a plan. I'll just have to digest the whole thing. 1490 01:23:41,020 --> 01:23:44,100 In the months in between your interview with Dr. Oppenheimer 1491 01:23:44,190 --> 01:23:46,770 and his eventual naming of Chevalier, 1492 01:23:46,860 --> 01:23:49,780 did you expend resources trying to find the name of the intermediary? 1493 01:23:49,860 --> 01:23:52,240 Considerable resources, yes. 1494 01:23:52,320 --> 01:23:54,360 Without the name, our job was extremely difficult. 1495 01:23:54,450 --> 01:23:55,820 And when did you receive the name? 1496 01:23:55,910 --> 01:23:58,780 I was gone by the time Oppenheimer finally offered it up. 1497 01:23:58,870 --> 01:23:59,740 Gone? 1498 01:23:59,830 --> 01:24:01,950 They felt my time would be better spent in Europe 1499 01:24:02,040 --> 01:24:04,370 determining the status of the Nazi bomb project. 1500 01:24:04,460 --> 01:24:05,630 Who did? 1501 01:24:06,880 --> 01:24:07,920 General Groves. 1502 01:24:08,880 --> 01:24:10,340 He transferred me to London. 1503 01:24:17,180 --> 01:24:19,010 Its a little early for a Christmas party. 1504 01:24:19,100 --> 01:24:22,270 Something's up. Tolman's been away. 1505 01:24:23,350 --> 01:24:24,350 Where? 1506 01:24:24,850 --> 01:24:26,020 Ruth won't tell. 1507 01:24:30,980 --> 01:24:31,980 Hey! 1508 01:24:36,240 --> 01:24:39,370 Come on, Ruthie. Can't tell me, who can you tell? 1509 01:24:39,950 --> 01:24:41,410 Compartmentalization, Oppie. 1510 01:24:42,120 --> 01:24:44,660 What makes you think I know where he is anyway? 1511 01:24:44,750 --> 01:24:46,500 "Cause you do a pretty good job of knowing 1512 01:24:46,580 --> 01:24:48,420 where Mr. Tolman is when it counts. 1513 01:24:49,090 --> 01:24:50,090 Like now? 1514 01:24:50,170 --> 01:24:53,510 Attention! 1515 01:24:56,340 --> 01:24:58,390 Early Christmas present for you all. 1516 01:25:06,810 --> 01:25:09,150 The British pilots put me in the bomb bay. 1517 01:25:09,230 --> 01:25:12,230 Showed me the-the oxygen, you know, but I messed it up. 1518 01:25:13,400 --> 01:25:15,700 When they opened me up in Scotland, I was unconscious. 1519 01:25:15,780 --> 01:25:18,740 But I pretended I'd been napping. 1520 01:25:18,820 --> 01:25:20,240 Please enjoy your party. 1521 01:25:21,450 --> 01:25:22,790 Is it big enough? 1522 01:25:22,870 --> 01:25:24,250 To end the war? 1523 01:25:24,910 --> 01:25:27,040 To end all war. 1524 01:25:29,960 --> 01:25:33,960 Heisenberg sought me out in Copenhagen. 1525 01:25:34,710 --> 01:25:37,970 It was chilling, my old student working for the Nazis. 1526 01:25:38,050 --> 01:25:41,760 He told me some things to draw me out. 1527 01:25:42,720 --> 01:25:45,680 Sustained fission reactions in uranium. 1528 01:25:45,770 --> 01:25:47,850 That sounds more like a reactor than a bomb. 1529 01:25:47,940 --> 01:25:49,690 Did he mention gaseous diffusion? 1530 01:25:49,770 --> 01:25:51,980 He seemed more focused on heavy water. 1531 01:25:52,060 --> 01:25:53,820 As a moderator? 1532 01:25:53,900 --> 01:25:55,150 Yes, instead of graphite. 1533 01:25:58,240 --> 01:25:59,530 What? 1534 01:26:00,610 --> 01:26:03,370 He took a wrong turn. We're ahead. 1535 01:26:03,450 --> 01:26:05,370 And with you here to help us, Niels... 1536 01:26:05,450 --> 01:26:09,120 Sorry, could you-- could you give us a moment, gentlemen? 1537 01:26:15,630 --> 01:26:17,920 I am not here to help, Robert. 1538 01:26:18,420 --> 01:26:20,630 I knew you could do this without me. 1539 01:26:20,720 --> 01:26:22,850 -Then why did you come? -To talk about after. 1540 01:26:22,930 --> 01:26:27,350 The power you're about to reveal will forever outlive the Nazis. 1541 01:26:28,100 --> 01:26:29,690 And the world is not prepared. 1542 01:26:29,770 --> 01:26:33,310 "You could lift the stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed." 1543 01:26:33,400 --> 01:26:35,230 We have to make the politicians understand, 1544 01:26:35,320 --> 01:26:36,860 this isn't a new weapon. 1545 01:26:37,490 --> 01:26:38,610 It's a new world. 1546 01:26:39,360 --> 01:26:41,780 I'll be out there doing what I can, but you... 1547 01:26:42,370 --> 01:26:45,160 You are an American Prometheus. 1548 01:26:45,240 --> 01:26:49,120 The man who gave them the power to destroy themselves, 1549 01:26:49,210 --> 01:26:50,960 and they'll respect that. 1550 01:26:51,040 --> 01:26:53,040 Then your work really begins. 1551 01:26:57,670 --> 01:27:00,050 I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call. 1552 01:27:01,840 --> 01:27:03,180 From San Francisco. 1553 01:27:10,270 --> 01:27:11,350 Robert? 1554 01:27:15,860 --> 01:27:16,980 Robert? 1555 01:27:17,480 --> 01:27:20,110 Robert. Robert. 1556 01:27:20,190 --> 01:27:21,700 Oh, my God. What's the matter? 1557 01:27:21,780 --> 01:27:22,950 What happened? 1558 01:27:24,490 --> 01:27:26,370 Her father called. 1559 01:27:26,450 --> 01:27:28,080 They found her yesterday in the bath. 1560 01:27:29,910 --> 01:27:31,000 Who? 1561 01:27:32,460 --> 01:27:34,040 She'd taken pills. 1562 01:27:34,130 --> 01:27:35,460 Left a note, not signed. 1563 01:27:37,000 --> 01:27:39,880 She took barbiturates, but there was chloral hydrate in her blood. 1564 01:27:43,470 --> 01:27:44,680 There was a note. 1565 01:27:45,470 --> 01:27:46,890 Jean Tatlock? 1566 01:27:53,600 --> 01:27:54,850 We were together. 1567 01:27:55,520 --> 01:27:57,310 She said she needed me. I... 1568 01:27:59,690 --> 01:28:01,820 I told her I... ...I wouldn't-- 1569 01:28:02,700 --> 01:28:04,410 I told her I couldn't-- 1570 01:28:04,490 --> 01:28:06,490 No, it was-- it was me-- 1571 01:28:07,950 --> 01:28:11,330 You don't get to commit the sin 1572 01:28:11,410 --> 01:28:14,790 and then have us all feel sorry for you that it had consequences. 1573 01:28:18,130 --> 01:28:20,000 You pull yourself together. 1574 01:28:24,010 --> 01:28:25,930 You know, people here depend on you. 1575 01:28:28,140 --> 01:28:30,260 Donald, would you like to contribute here, please? 1576 01:28:30,350 --> 01:28:31,520 You're on your own, pal. 1577 01:28:31,600 --> 01:28:34,520 Bob, I'm not quitting my job because plutonium is radioactive. 1578 01:28:34,600 --> 01:28:37,520 We just don't know what it might do to the female reproductive system-- 1579 01:28:37,610 --> 01:28:40,690 Your reproductive system is more exposed than mine, presumably. 1580 01:28:40,770 --> 01:28:43,440 Can we please? The implosion device is nowhere. 1581 01:28:43,530 --> 01:28:45,070 You can't rush everything. Oppie, please. 1582 01:28:45,150 --> 01:28:47,780 Well, there's rushing and there's getting on with it, so, pick one. 1583 01:28:47,870 --> 01:28:49,740 Wait. Neddermeyer's doing his job. 1584 01:28:49,830 --> 01:28:52,450 Teller's not helping. You're not helping. 1585 01:28:52,540 --> 01:28:55,080 I've been asking for calculations on the implosion lenses for weeks. 1586 01:28:55,160 --> 01:28:57,790 -The British can do it. Fuchs. -Absolutely. 1587 01:28:57,880 --> 01:29:01,170 -It's your job, Teller. -I'm engaged in research. 1588 01:29:01,250 --> 01:29:03,670 On a hydrogen bomb we're not even building. 1589 01:29:11,930 --> 01:29:13,140 I won't work for that man. 1590 01:29:15,100 --> 01:29:17,270 Let him go. He's a prima Donna. 1591 01:29:17,350 --> 01:29:19,310 I agree. He should leave Los Alamos. 1592 01:29:19,400 --> 01:29:20,900 Okay. 1593 01:29:20,980 --> 01:29:24,190 Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer. Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium. 1594 01:29:24,280 --> 01:29:27,780 Lilli, you go work for Kisty, because he needs you. 1595 01:29:27,860 --> 01:29:29,530 Fuchs, you take Teller's role. 1596 01:29:29,620 --> 01:29:32,410 I'm putting you exclusively on the implosion device. 1597 01:29:32,490 --> 01:29:36,120 And no one is leaving Los Alamos. 1598 01:29:50,510 --> 01:29:51,760 They won't let me leave. 1599 01:29:51,850 --> 01:29:53,810 No. I won't let you leave. 1600 01:29:55,520 --> 01:29:58,100 Forget Hans. Forget fission. 1601 01:29:58,190 --> 01:30:01,310 Stay here, research what you want. 1602 01:30:01,400 --> 01:30:03,730 Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever. 1603 01:30:03,820 --> 01:30:05,110 We'll meet to discuss. 1604 01:30:05,190 --> 01:30:08,030 You don't have time to meet. You're a politician now, Robert. 1605 01:30:08,110 --> 01:30:10,660 You've left physics behind many, many years ago. 1606 01:30:11,820 --> 01:30:12,830 Once a week. 1607 01:30:13,490 --> 01:30:15,240 One hour, you and me. 1608 01:30:21,170 --> 01:30:22,840 Now raise this fucking barrier. 1609 01:30:27,840 --> 01:30:31,510 So the Super was under development on your watch at Los Alamos? 1610 01:30:31,590 --> 01:30:33,010 Yes. 1611 01:30:33,100 --> 01:30:36,560 And yet, after the war, you tried to deny it was viable. 1612 01:30:36,640 --> 01:30:39,730 No, no, no. I-l pointed out technical difficulties with it. 1613 01:30:39,810 --> 01:30:41,770 Didn't you try to kill it at the AEC meeting 1614 01:30:41,850 --> 01:30:43,270 -after the Russian bomb test? -No. 1615 01:30:43,360 --> 01:30:46,610 But that was the recommendation of the AEC, was it not? 1616 01:30:46,690 --> 01:30:49,820 After hours of discussion about the best response. 1617 01:30:49,900 --> 01:30:55,120 An H-bomb is 1,000 times the power of an A-bomb. 1618 01:30:55,870 --> 01:31:00,000 Its only intended target would be the largest cities. 1619 01:31:00,080 --> 01:31:01,620 It's a weapon of mass genocide. 1620 01:31:01,710 --> 01:31:05,920 Izzy, draw some circles on this side of the map where they would target us. 1621 01:31:06,000 --> 01:31:07,130 Starting with New York. 1622 01:31:07,210 --> 01:31:08,340 - That's fair. - DC. 1623 01:31:08,420 --> 01:31:11,050 It's a weapon of attack with no defensive value. 1624 01:31:11,130 --> 01:31:12,640 - Deterrence. - "Deterrence"? 1625 01:31:12,720 --> 01:31:16,810 Do we really need more deterrence than our current arsenal of atomic bombs? 1626 01:31:16,890 --> 01:31:20,930 Y-You drown in ten feet of water or 10,000, what's the difference? 1627 01:31:21,020 --> 01:31:23,150 We can already drown Russia. They know it. 1628 01:31:23,230 --> 01:31:25,520 - Now they can drown us. - We're just escalating. 1629 01:31:29,490 --> 01:31:32,360 Robert? Robert. 1630 01:31:36,370 --> 01:31:37,370 As I said, 1631 01:31:37,450 --> 01:31:41,290 Teller's designs are still as impractical as they were during the war. 1632 01:31:41,370 --> 01:31:44,210 A hydrogen bomb can be made to work, Oppie, you know that. 1633 01:31:44,290 --> 01:31:47,090 I don't believe we should commit all our resources to that chance. 1634 01:31:47,170 --> 01:31:50,170 Then how would you have Truman reassure the American people? 1635 01:31:50,260 --> 01:31:52,590 Simply by limiting the spread of atomic weapons 1636 01:31:52,680 --> 01:31:55,140 through international control on nuclear energy. 1637 01:31:55,760 --> 01:31:57,470 By which you mean world government. 1638 01:31:57,550 --> 01:32:00,390 The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended. 1639 01:32:00,470 --> 01:32:03,350 Well, I asked what Truman should do, right? 1640 01:32:03,440 --> 01:32:04,440 The world's changed. 1641 01:32:04,520 --> 01:32:07,900 It's not fascism but communism that now threatens our survival. 1642 01:32:07,980 --> 01:32:09,860 Lewis, do you understand, 1643 01:32:09,940 --> 01:32:11,530 if we build a hydrogen bomb, 1644 01:32:11,610 --> 01:32:13,820 the Russians will have no choice but to build their own? 1645 01:32:13,900 --> 01:32:15,450 Could they be working on one already, 1646 01:32:15,530 --> 01:32:18,530 based on information gathered from a spy at Los Alamos? 1647 01:32:18,620 --> 01:32:20,080 No spy at Los Alamos. 1648 01:32:20,160 --> 01:32:23,000 -Gentlemen. Let's not get sidetracked. -There wasn't? 1649 01:32:23,080 --> 01:32:25,750 I say we use this moment to gain concessions from the Russians 1650 01:32:25,830 --> 01:32:28,790 by committing that we will not build a hydrogen bomb. 1651 01:32:28,880 --> 01:32:30,550 Thereby revealing its existence. 1652 01:32:30,630 --> 01:32:32,630 Which you seem convinced they already know. 1653 01:32:32,720 --> 01:32:36,140 All right. At this point, I'd like the committee members 1654 01:32:36,220 --> 01:32:39,890 to meet in privacy to finalize our recommendations. 1655 01:32:41,430 --> 01:32:43,390 I'm just not sure you wanna go down this road. 1656 01:32:43,480 --> 01:32:44,480 Lewis, with respect, 1657 01:32:44,560 --> 01:32:47,350 we are the advisory committee, we will give them our advice. 1658 01:32:52,860 --> 01:32:54,110 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1659 01:32:54,190 --> 01:32:55,320 Hi. 1660 01:32:55,400 --> 01:32:58,240 William Borden. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy? 1661 01:32:58,320 --> 01:32:59,580 Oh, yes, yes. 1662 01:32:59,660 --> 01:33:01,030 During the war, I was a pilot. 1663 01:33:02,490 --> 01:33:05,120 One night, flying back from a raid, 1664 01:33:05,210 --> 01:33:07,000 I saw an amazing sight, 1665 01:33:07,080 --> 01:33:08,750 like a meteor. 1666 01:33:08,830 --> 01:33:11,960 A V-2 rocket headed to England. 1667 01:33:12,050 --> 01:33:15,050 I can't help but imagine what it will be for such an enemy rocket 1668 01:33:15,130 --> 01:33:17,970 to carry an atomic warhead. 1669 01:33:26,940 --> 01:33:29,560 Well, let's make sure we're not the ones to make that possible. 1670 01:33:35,690 --> 01:33:38,030 Oppie, I don't think you wanna go up against Strauss. 1671 01:33:38,860 --> 01:33:41,030 If we both speak, they listen to me. 1672 01:33:41,580 --> 01:33:43,450 When you speak, they hear a prophet. 1673 01:33:43,540 --> 01:33:45,370 When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves. 1674 01:33:45,450 --> 01:33:47,540 They'll listen to a prophet. 1675 01:33:47,620 --> 01:33:49,540 A prophet can't be wrong. 1676 01:33:49,630 --> 01:33:50,540 Not once. 1677 01:33:50,630 --> 01:33:54,130 Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging the development of the Super? 1678 01:33:54,210 --> 01:33:58,510 I was never one of those to bandy around terms like "sabotage." 1679 01:33:58,590 --> 01:34:00,010 But Mr. Borden was? 1680 01:34:00,640 --> 01:34:02,350 As I understand it, possibly. 1681 01:34:02,430 --> 01:34:06,100 How was Mr. Borden able to put together such a detailed indictment? 1682 01:34:06,180 --> 01:34:07,770 He was no longer a government employee, 1683 01:34:07,850 --> 01:34:10,020 yet he appears to have had unlimited access 1684 01:34:10,100 --> 01:34:11,610 to Dr. Oppenheimer's file. 1685 01:34:11,690 --> 01:34:14,440 Might Mr. Nichols have given him access to the file? 1686 01:34:14,530 --> 01:34:16,650 Or someone else at the AEC? 1687 01:34:16,740 --> 01:34:19,450 That's a very serious accusation, Senator. 1688 01:34:19,530 --> 01:34:21,110 Is it your intention to suggest 1689 01:34:21,200 --> 01:34:23,870 that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal to the United States? 1690 01:34:24,450 --> 01:34:26,540 I've always assumed, and still assume, 1691 01:34:26,620 --> 01:34:29,040 that he's loyal to the United States. 1692 01:34:29,120 --> 01:34:30,170 I believe this. 1693 01:34:30,250 --> 01:34:33,630 And I shall believe it until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 1694 01:34:33,710 --> 01:34:37,710 Do you, or do you not, believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 1695 01:34:46,600 --> 01:34:49,690 And if I may, when Hitler blew his brains out in that bunker, 1696 01:34:49,770 --> 01:34:53,020 it is my humble opinion that there is no need for that bomb to be seen 1697 01:34:53,110 --> 01:34:54,610 anywhere except for that test site. 1698 01:34:55,650 --> 01:34:58,240 We at least have to take a moment to think about 1699 01:34:58,320 --> 01:35:01,410 whether the means justify the ends any longer, because-- 1700 01:35:04,120 --> 01:35:06,290 Germany is about to surrender. 1701 01:35:08,410 --> 01:35:12,420 It's no longer the enemy who are the greatest threat to mankind. 1702 01:35:12,500 --> 01:35:13,420 It's our work. 1703 01:35:16,090 --> 01:35:18,510 Hitler is dead, it's true. 1704 01:35:20,470 --> 01:35:22,010 But the Japanese fight on. 1705 01:35:22,090 --> 01:35:23,840 Their defeat seems assured. 1706 01:35:23,930 --> 01:35:26,560 Not if you're a GI preparing to invade. 1707 01:35:28,100 --> 01:35:29,180 We can end this war. 1708 01:35:29,270 --> 01:35:32,600 But how do we justify using this weapon on human beings? 1709 01:35:35,900 --> 01:35:38,730 We're theorists, yes? 1710 01:35:40,070 --> 01:35:44,200 We imagine a future, and our imaginings horrify us. 1711 01:35:45,570 --> 01:35:47,910 But they won't fear it until they understand it, 1712 01:35:47,990 --> 01:35:50,660 and they won't understand it until they've used it. 1713 01:35:50,750 --> 01:35:54,580 When the world learns the terrible secret of Los Alamos, 1714 01:35:54,670 --> 01:35:58,090 our work here will ensure a peace mankind has never seen. 1715 01:35:58,170 --> 01:36:01,300 A peace based on the kind of international cooperation 1716 01:36:01,380 --> 01:36:03,510 that Roosevelt always envisaged. 1717 01:36:08,720 --> 01:36:11,560 - Progress? - Two years and a billion dollars' worth? 1718 01:36:12,480 --> 01:36:14,140 Well, hard to put a price on it. 1719 01:36:14,230 --> 01:36:15,900 Not really. Just add up the bills. 1720 01:36:15,980 --> 01:36:20,230 "Rural free deliveries." Eighty babies delivered the first year. 1721 01:36:20,320 --> 01:36:22,900 This year we've had ten a month. 1722 01:36:22,990 --> 01:36:25,860 Birth control is a little out of my jurisdiction, General. 1723 01:36:26,370 --> 01:36:27,450 - Clearly. - General. 1724 01:36:27,530 --> 01:36:28,620 Kiddo. 1725 01:36:33,620 --> 01:36:36,670 Head down, every-- Fuchs. Head down. 1726 01:36:43,670 --> 01:36:45,550 That's the one. 1727 01:36:45,630 --> 01:36:48,140 Two viable bombs. I need a date. 1728 01:36:51,180 --> 01:36:52,390 September. 1729 01:36:52,470 --> 01:36:53,520 July. 1730 01:36:53,600 --> 01:36:55,390 That's the sweet spot, gentlemen. 1731 01:36:56,190 --> 01:36:57,730 August. 1732 01:36:57,810 --> 01:36:59,360 July. 1733 01:36:59,440 --> 01:37:02,480 Test in July. But I need my brother. 1734 01:37:06,820 --> 01:37:09,410 Frank knows the desert, he's left politics behind, 1735 01:37:09,490 --> 01:37:11,700 he's been working with Lawrence for two years now. 1736 01:37:18,750 --> 01:37:20,380 What do we call the test? 1737 01:37:21,920 --> 01:37:25,340 "Batter my heart, three person'd God." 1738 01:37:25,420 --> 01:37:26,430 What? 1739 01:37:28,010 --> 01:37:29,010 Trinity. 1740 01:37:37,190 --> 01:37:39,190 You insisted on bringing on your brother Frank, 1741 01:37:39,270 --> 01:37:40,400 a known communist. 1742 01:37:40,480 --> 01:37:42,110 Former communist. 1743 01:37:42,190 --> 01:37:44,110 You brought a known former communist 1744 01:37:44,190 --> 01:37:47,950 onto America's most secret and important defense project. 1745 01:37:48,030 --> 01:37:51,280 I knew my brother could be trusted. Absolutely. 1746 01:37:51,370 --> 01:37:54,620 And you felt your judgment was sound on who on the team could be trusted. 1747 01:37:55,200 --> 01:37:58,420 Fuchs, head down. Okay, everybody ready. 1748 01:38:08,130 --> 01:38:09,380 I hope you learned something. 1749 01:38:09,470 --> 01:38:11,850 Yeah, we learned we're gonna need to be a lot further away. 1750 01:38:11,930 --> 01:38:13,310 Well, figure it out. Fast. 1751 01:38:13,390 --> 01:38:16,390 We leave for Washington in the morning. We're gonna give them a date. 1752 01:38:31,620 --> 01:38:33,330 You're a long way from Chicago, Leo. 1753 01:38:33,410 --> 01:38:36,330 If we don't act now, they're going to use this thing against Japan. 1754 01:38:36,910 --> 01:38:39,830 We booked a meeting with Truman, but somebody killed it. 1755 01:38:39,920 --> 01:38:42,250 You're meeting the secretary of war. 1756 01:38:42,330 --> 01:38:43,880 Just because we're building it 1757 01:38:43,960 --> 01:38:45,750 doesn't mean we get to decide how it's used. 1758 01:38:46,630 --> 01:38:48,720 History will judge us, Robert. 1759 01:38:49,590 --> 01:38:51,550 In Chicago, we put together a petition. 1760 01:38:52,340 --> 01:38:53,890 I'm not getting into that. 1761 01:38:59,310 --> 01:39:01,020 Just tell me your concerns and I'll relay them. 1762 01:39:01,100 --> 01:39:02,150 My concerns? 1763 01:39:02,230 --> 01:39:05,610 Germany's defeated. Japan's not going to hold out alone. 1764 01:39:05,690 --> 01:39:07,900 How could you know that? You got us into this. 1765 01:39:07,980 --> 01:39:11,400 You and Einstein with your letter to Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb. 1766 01:39:11,490 --> 01:39:12,410 Against Germany. 1767 01:39:12,490 --> 01:39:15,370 That's not how weapons manufacture works, Szilard. 1768 01:39:15,450 --> 01:39:16,700 Oppie, you have to help. 1769 01:39:16,790 --> 01:39:18,540 Fermi's in the meeting. Lawrence is in the meeting. 1770 01:39:18,620 --> 01:39:21,830 They're not you. You're the great salesman of science. 1771 01:39:21,920 --> 01:39:24,130 You can convince anyone of anything. 1772 01:39:25,090 --> 01:39:26,090 Even yourself. 1773 01:39:26,920 --> 01:39:27,920 Excuse me. 1774 01:39:29,420 --> 01:39:32,630 The firestorm in Tokyo killed 100,000 people. 1775 01:39:32,720 --> 01:39:34,180 Mostly civilians. 1776 01:39:35,430 --> 01:39:38,850 I worry about an America where we do these things and no one protests. 1777 01:39:38,930 --> 01:39:42,270 Pearl Harbor and three years of brutal conflict in the Pacific 1778 01:39:42,350 --> 01:39:44,600 bought us a lot of latitude with the American public. 1779 01:39:45,190 --> 01:39:47,150 Enough to unleash the atomic bomb? 1780 01:39:47,230 --> 01:39:50,490 The A-bomb might not cause as much damage as the Tokyo bombings. 1781 01:39:50,570 --> 01:39:52,030 What are we estimating? 1782 01:39:52,110 --> 01:39:56,910 In a medium-sized city, 20,000 or 30,000 dead. 1783 01:39:56,990 --> 01:39:59,040 Yes, but don't underestimate 1784 01:39:59,120 --> 01:40:02,540 the psychological impact of an atomic explosion. 1785 01:40:03,290 --> 01:40:06,420 A pillar of fire 10,000 feet tall. 1786 01:40:07,130 --> 01:40:10,210 Deadly neutron effects for a mile. In all directions. 1787 01:40:10,300 --> 01:40:13,180 From one single device. 1788 01:40:13,260 --> 01:40:15,430 Dropped from a barely noticed B-29, 1789 01:40:15,510 --> 01:40:20,680 the atomic bomb will be a terrible revelation of divine power. 1790 01:40:21,310 --> 01:40:23,940 If that's true, it would be definitive. 1791 01:40:24,020 --> 01:40:26,020 World War II would be over. 1792 01:40:26,100 --> 01:40:27,650 Our boys would come home. 1793 01:40:27,730 --> 01:40:28,860 Military targets? 1794 01:40:30,190 --> 01:40:32,190 Uh... There aren't any big enough. 1795 01:40:32,280 --> 01:40:35,200 Perhaps a vital war plant 1796 01:40:35,280 --> 01:40:37,870 with workers housed nearby? 1797 01:40:37,950 --> 01:40:41,120 And we could issue a warning to reduce civilian casualties. 1798 01:40:41,200 --> 01:40:43,120 They'd send everything they have up against us, 1799 01:40:43,210 --> 01:40:44,870 and I'd be up in that plane. 1800 01:40:44,960 --> 01:40:48,170 But if we announce it and it fails to go off, 1801 01:40:48,250 --> 01:40:50,840 we'd scupper any chance of a Japanese surrender. 1802 01:40:50,920 --> 01:40:55,340 Is there no way to demonstrate a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender? 1803 01:40:55,430 --> 01:40:59,550 We intend to demonstrate it in the most unambiguous terms. Twice. 1804 01:40:59,640 --> 01:41:01,850 Once, to show the weapon's power, 1805 01:41:01,930 --> 01:41:05,350 and a second to show that we can keep doing this until they surrender. 1806 01:41:05,440 --> 01:41:08,810 We have a list of 12 cities to choose from-- 1807 01:41:08,900 --> 01:41:10,820 Sorry, 11. 1808 01:41:10,900 --> 01:41:12,780 I've taken Kyoto off the list 1809 01:41:12,860 --> 01:41:16,400 due to its cultural significance to the Japanese people. 1810 01:41:16,490 --> 01:41:18,700 Also, my wife and I honeymooned there. 1811 01:41:19,200 --> 01:41:20,490 It's a magnificent city. 1812 01:41:24,160 --> 01:41:25,960 Let me make this simple for you, gentlemen. 1813 01:41:26,040 --> 01:41:28,500 According to my intelligence, which I cannot share with you, 1814 01:41:28,580 --> 01:41:32,670 the Japanese people will not surrender, under any circumstances, 1815 01:41:32,750 --> 01:41:36,050 short of a successful and total invasion of the home islands. 1816 01:41:36,800 --> 01:41:39,390 Many lives will be lost, American and Japanese. 1817 01:41:39,470 --> 01:41:43,390 The use of the atomic bomb on Japanese cities will save lives. 1818 01:41:43,470 --> 01:41:45,390 If we retain moral advantage. 1819 01:41:46,060 --> 01:41:47,230 How so? 1820 01:41:47,310 --> 01:41:49,480 Well, if we use this weapon without informing our allies, 1821 01:41:49,560 --> 01:41:52,440 they'll see it as a threat, and we'll be in an arms race. 1822 01:41:52,520 --> 01:41:54,440 How open can we be with the Soviets? 1823 01:41:54,530 --> 01:41:58,570 Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from becoming part of the atomic world. 1824 01:41:58,660 --> 01:42:00,660 We've been told they have no uranium. 1825 01:42:00,740 --> 01:42:03,700 You've been misinformed. A Russian bomb is a matter of time. 1826 01:42:03,790 --> 01:42:07,250 The program needs to continue at full pace after the war. 1827 01:42:08,040 --> 01:42:09,870 Secretary Stimson, if I may, 1828 01:42:09,960 --> 01:42:13,920 not all scientists on the project are in agreement. 1829 01:42:14,000 --> 01:42:17,590 In fact, this might be a moment to consider other opinions. If you talk-- 1830 01:42:17,670 --> 01:42:20,340 The Manhattan Project has been plagued from the start 1831 01:42:20,430 --> 01:42:23,810 by certain scientists of doubtful discretion 1832 01:42:23,890 --> 01:42:25,310 and uncertain loyalty. 1833 01:42:25,390 --> 01:42:27,390 One of them just tried to meet with the president. 1834 01:42:27,480 --> 01:42:30,560 Now, we need these men, but as soon as it's practical, 1835 01:42:30,650 --> 01:42:32,940 we should sever any such scientists from the program. 1836 01:42:33,020 --> 01:42:34,270 Wouldn't you agree, Doctor? 1837 01:42:35,860 --> 01:42:37,530 If a Russian bomb is inevitable, 1838 01:42:38,240 --> 01:42:41,280 perhaps we should invite their top scientists to Trinity? 1839 01:42:41,360 --> 01:42:44,950 President Truman has no intention of raising expectations 1840 01:42:45,040 --> 01:42:47,700 that Stalin be included in the atomic project. 1841 01:42:47,790 --> 01:42:49,250 Informing him of our breakthrough 1842 01:42:49,330 --> 01:42:51,250 and presenting it as a means to win the war 1843 01:42:51,330 --> 01:42:53,130 need not make unkeepable promises. 1844 01:42:53,210 --> 01:42:55,340 But the Potsdam peace conference in July 1845 01:42:55,420 --> 01:42:58,760 will be President Truman's last chance to have that conversation. 1846 01:42:59,470 --> 01:43:01,300 Can you give us a working bomb by then? 1847 01:43:02,680 --> 01:43:05,890 Absolutely. We will test fire before the conference. 1848 01:43:10,770 --> 01:43:16,980 Ground Zero, observation posts at 10,000 yards north, south and west. 1849 01:43:17,070 --> 01:43:18,070 Where do we trigger from? 1850 01:43:18,150 --> 01:43:20,240 South, 10,000. 1851 01:43:20,320 --> 01:43:23,570 And Base Camp is ten miles south here. 1852 01:43:23,660 --> 01:43:28,910 And there's a further observation post on-- on that hill 20 miles away. 1853 01:43:29,000 --> 01:43:31,920 What's that, Frank? Trigger lines already went in. 1854 01:43:32,000 --> 01:43:35,460 The Air Force requested a line of lights for their B-29. 1855 01:43:35,540 --> 01:43:37,880 What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower. 1856 01:43:37,960 --> 01:43:41,050 They wanna use the test to confirm a safe operating distance. 1857 01:43:41,130 --> 01:43:43,840 -That's risky. -Not as risky as dropping one over Japan 1858 01:43:43,930 --> 01:43:45,890 and hoping that we were right about the blast radius. 1859 01:43:45,970 --> 01:43:48,140 Don't let them slow us down. We're firing on the 15th. 1860 01:43:48,220 --> 01:43:50,520 - The 15th? That's not-- - The 15th. 1861 01:43:52,230 --> 01:43:53,230 The 15th. 1862 01:43:54,600 --> 01:43:56,560 So I'll be here at South Observation point 1863 01:43:56,650 --> 01:43:58,940 with Frank and Kistiakowsky. 1864 01:43:59,030 --> 01:44:02,780 You'll all be assigned to Base Camp, West Observation, 1865 01:44:02,860 --> 01:44:04,450 or Far Observation. 1866 01:44:14,370 --> 01:44:18,290 Whoa, whoa, whoa! Careful with the knife. There, carefully. 1867 01:44:19,800 --> 01:44:23,840 -Are those safe distances? -They're based on your calculations. 1868 01:44:23,930 --> 01:44:26,470 Time to stand behind your science, Hans. Literally. 1869 01:44:50,080 --> 01:44:51,120 Yeah. 1870 01:44:56,420 --> 01:44:58,080 What about the radiation cloud? 1871 01:44:58,170 --> 01:45:01,300 Without high winds, it should settle within two to three miles. 1872 01:45:01,380 --> 01:45:03,590 Evacuation measures are in place. 1873 01:45:03,670 --> 01:45:06,470 But we need good weather for visibility, so it has to be fine. 1874 01:45:07,930 --> 01:45:09,260 Everybody out. 1875 01:45:19,440 --> 01:45:21,400 We go on the night of the 15th. 1876 01:45:21,480 --> 01:45:25,450 It's a hard deadline, so if anyone has anything, speak now. 1877 01:45:25,530 --> 01:45:27,700 Little, little more. Okay, stop, stop. 1878 01:45:27,780 --> 01:45:31,580 Everybody, mattresses. Put the mattress underneath. 1879 01:45:48,840 --> 01:45:51,350 Could use a final implosion test. 1880 01:45:53,390 --> 01:45:55,680 -It couldn't hurt. -Do it. 1881 01:45:56,940 --> 01:45:59,150 Is there anything else that might stop us? 1882 01:46:34,010 --> 01:46:35,560 It's happening, isn't it? 1883 01:46:37,730 --> 01:46:39,140 I'll send a message. 1884 01:46:39,890 --> 01:46:41,310 If it's gone our way... 1885 01:46:42,940 --> 01:46:43,980 take in the sheets. 1886 01:46:48,150 --> 01:46:49,200 Robert. 1887 01:46:52,410 --> 01:46:53,450 Break a leg. 1888 01:47:06,800 --> 01:47:07,800 Okay. 1889 01:47:59,930 --> 01:48:03,100 Oppie's taken a very modest three kilotons. 1890 01:48:03,190 --> 01:48:05,440 - Teller's in with 45. - Twenty. 1891 01:48:05,520 --> 01:48:07,770 20,000 tons of TNT. 1892 01:48:07,860 --> 01:48:11,150 And does anyone want the side action on atmospheric ignition? 1893 01:48:13,910 --> 01:48:17,080 -Are you saying we'll have to delay? -I'm saying it would be prudent. 1894 01:48:17,160 --> 01:48:18,950 This weather, has it reached the site? 1895 01:48:24,080 --> 01:48:26,250 Bethe is calling to tell you the implosion test failed. 1896 01:48:26,330 --> 01:48:28,880 Hello, Hans. Yes, he's here. 1897 01:48:30,170 --> 01:48:31,170 Yes. 1898 01:48:33,680 --> 01:48:35,300 -Is he wrong? -No. 1899 01:48:35,390 --> 01:48:37,140 -No? 1900 01:48:38,140 --> 01:48:40,600 -So we're about to fire a dud? -No. 1901 01:48:40,680 --> 01:48:44,060 -Explain. -Well, I can't. I just-- I just know. 1902 01:48:44,140 --> 01:48:45,850 I know the implosion lenses will work. 1903 01:48:45,940 --> 01:48:48,360 If we fire these detonators and they don't trigger a reaction, 1904 01:48:48,440 --> 01:48:52,070 two years' worth of plutonium will be scattered across White Sands. 1905 01:48:52,150 --> 01:48:54,780 A month of my salary against ten bucks says it lights. 1906 01:48:55,570 --> 01:48:56,410 Jesus. 1907 01:49:03,790 --> 01:49:05,830 The wind's picking up at Zero, not the rain. 1908 01:49:05,920 --> 01:49:07,000 Lightning circling. 1909 01:49:07,080 --> 01:49:08,880 You think it might be time to tell your men 1910 01:49:08,960 --> 01:49:11,630 to get away from the steel tower with the atomic bomb? 1911 01:49:14,920 --> 01:49:17,550 -Let's get to South Observation. -Pull 'em out. 1912 01:49:17,640 --> 01:49:19,720 We can make our determination there. 1913 01:49:24,890 --> 01:49:27,020 The team hasn't slept in two nights. 1914 01:49:27,100 --> 01:49:30,440 If we stand down, make the bomb safe, we won't be back here for weeks. 1915 01:49:30,520 --> 01:49:34,240 Then we'll miss Potsdam. I gotta get word to Truman by 7:00. 1916 01:49:34,320 --> 01:49:36,280 Our window's closing. What is this doing? 1917 01:49:36,360 --> 01:49:37,740 Raining, blowing, lightning. 1918 01:49:37,820 --> 01:49:39,990 -For how long, damn it? -It's holdin' strong. 1919 01:49:40,070 --> 01:49:42,240 -It'll break before dawn. -How could you know that? 1920 01:49:42,330 --> 01:49:44,330 I know this desert. Storm cools overnight. 1921 01:49:44,410 --> 01:49:46,460 Just before dawn, the storm breaks. 1922 01:49:46,540 --> 01:49:48,710 He could be right, but schedule as late as possible. 1923 01:49:48,790 --> 01:49:50,040 5:30. 1924 01:49:50,130 --> 01:49:52,460 Sign your forecast. If you're wrong, I'll hang you. 1925 01:49:52,550 --> 01:49:54,760 -Frank, tell them all, 5:30. -5:30. 1926 01:49:54,840 --> 01:49:56,010 -5:30. -5:30. 1927 01:49:58,680 --> 01:50:00,390 Three years, 1928 01:50:00,470 --> 01:50:01,800 4,000 people, 1929 01:50:01,890 --> 01:50:03,600 two billion dollars. 1930 01:50:03,680 --> 01:50:05,980 Well, if it doesn't go off, 1931 01:50:06,060 --> 01:50:07,350 we're both finished. 1932 01:50:10,270 --> 01:50:12,900 I'm betting on three kilotons. 1933 01:50:12,980 --> 01:50:14,820 Anything less, they won't get what it is. 1934 01:50:15,820 --> 01:50:19,160 What did Fermi mean by "atmospheric ignition"? 1935 01:50:19,240 --> 01:50:20,280 Well, we had a moment 1936 01:50:20,360 --> 01:50:24,450 where it looked like the chain reaction from an atomic device might never stop. 1937 01:50:25,290 --> 01:50:27,370 Setting fire to the atmosphere. 1938 01:50:27,460 --> 01:50:29,920 Why is Fermi still taking side bets on it? 1939 01:50:30,630 --> 01:50:32,590 Call it gallows humor. 1940 01:50:35,420 --> 01:50:40,050 Wait, are we saying there's a chance that when we push that button, 1941 01:50:40,130 --> 01:50:41,470 we destroy the world? 1942 01:50:41,550 --> 01:50:45,260 Nothing in our research over three years supports that conclusion. 1943 01:50:45,350 --> 01:50:48,100 Except as the most remote possibility. 1944 01:50:49,060 --> 01:50:51,020 -How remote? -Chances are near zero. 1945 01:50:52,610 --> 01:50:53,610 Near zero. 1946 01:50:54,900 --> 01:50:57,240 What do you want from theory alone? 1947 01:50:59,070 --> 01:51:00,950 Zero would be nice. 1948 01:51:04,370 --> 01:51:10,330 In exactly one hour, 58 minutes, we'll know. 1949 01:51:17,130 --> 01:51:18,260 It's letting up. 1950 01:51:31,230 --> 01:51:33,480 The arming party's left Zero, they're heading this way. 1951 01:51:33,560 --> 01:51:34,520 Throwing the switches. 1952 01:51:34,610 --> 01:51:37,860 Turn the cars. Ready for emergency evacuation. 1953 01:51:55,590 --> 01:51:56,880 Take your welder's glass. 1954 01:51:56,960 --> 01:51:58,500 Everybody, take your places. 1955 01:51:59,170 --> 01:52:01,010 Everybody take a welder's glass! 1956 01:52:02,760 --> 01:52:04,590 Everybody take a welder's glass. 1957 01:52:56,270 --> 01:52:57,480 Twenty minutes. 1958 01:53:01,480 --> 01:53:02,610 Twenty minutes. 1959 01:53:13,790 --> 01:53:15,120 That's 20. 1960 01:53:18,330 --> 01:53:19,710 On the leg, please. 1961 01:53:21,300 --> 01:53:23,130 -Feynman. -No. 1962 01:53:23,210 --> 01:53:25,880 -For your eyes, sir. -The glass stops the UV. 1963 01:53:25,970 --> 01:53:27,510 And what stops the glass? 1964 01:53:29,260 --> 01:53:31,760 I'm gonna head to Base Camp. Best of luck. 1965 01:53:32,470 --> 01:53:33,930 Robert... 1966 01:53:35,140 --> 01:53:36,600 try not to blow up the world. 1967 01:53:48,490 --> 01:53:49,660 Watch that needle. 1968 01:53:49,740 --> 01:53:53,200 If the detonators don't charge, or the voltage drops below one volt, 1969 01:53:53,290 --> 01:53:54,790 you hit that button, you abort. 1970 01:53:54,870 --> 01:53:56,460 Understood? 1971 01:53:56,540 --> 01:53:57,710 Understood. 1972 01:54:05,090 --> 01:54:07,430 Two minutes to detonation. 1973 01:54:07,510 --> 01:54:09,430 Everybody down. 1974 01:54:09,510 --> 01:54:13,600 Do not turn around until you see light reflected on the hills. 1975 01:54:13,680 --> 01:54:16,600 Then look at the explosion only through your welder's glass. 1976 01:54:16,680 --> 01:54:18,890 Ninety seconds to detonation. 1977 01:54:20,940 --> 01:54:23,690 Eighty seconds to detonation. 1978 01:54:23,770 --> 01:54:25,150 Is it rubbed in? 1979 01:54:25,900 --> 01:54:26,900 Yeah. 1980 01:54:33,780 --> 01:54:36,700 Sixty seconds to detonation. 1981 01:54:51,510 --> 01:54:53,720 These things are hard on your heart. 1982 01:54:53,800 --> 01:54:55,010 Thirty seconds. 1983 01:55:00,560 --> 01:55:01,810 Detonator's charged. 1984 01:55:12,160 --> 01:55:16,580 17, 16, 15... 1985 01:55:16,660 --> 01:55:23,040 14, 13, 12, 11... 1986 01:55:23,540 --> 01:55:24,710 Tenโ€ฆ 1987 01:55:26,170 --> 01:55:28,170 nineโ€ฆ 1988 01:55:28,260 --> 01:55:29,420 eightโ€ฆ 1989 01:55:30,220 --> 01:55:31,430 sevenโ€ฆ 1990 01:55:32,840 --> 01:55:34,140 sixโ€ฆ 1991 01:55:35,350 --> 01:55:36,350 fiveโ€ฆ 1992 01:55:38,430 --> 01:55:39,520 fourโ€ฆ 1993 01:55:41,190 --> 01:55:42,350 threeโ€ฆ 1994 01:55:43,150 --> 01:55:44,310 twoโ€ฆ 1995 01:55:45,940 --> 01:55:47,020 one. 1996 01:57:19,870 --> 01:57:22,040 โ€œAnd now I am become Death.โ€ 1997 01:57:24,620 --> 01:57:26,250 โ€œThe destroyer of worlds." 1998 01:57:59,740 --> 01:58:00,740 It worked. 1999 01:58:36,440 --> 01:58:38,360 -You owe me ten dollars! -Oh! 2000 01:58:40,610 --> 01:58:41,740 Come on! 2001 01:58:41,820 --> 01:58:44,290 I-- I'm good for it, Kisty. 2002 01:58:44,370 --> 01:58:45,450 You are. 2003 01:58:46,200 --> 01:58:48,330 Yes, you are! 2004 01:59:16,480 --> 01:59:18,900 We did it! Well done. 2005 01:59:25,030 --> 01:59:26,740 Get me Potsdam right away. 2006 01:59:38,260 --> 01:59:40,920 -Get a message to Kitty. -We can't say anything. 2007 01:59:41,010 --> 01:59:42,300 Tell her to take in the sheets. 2008 01:59:56,900 --> 01:59:58,030 Shh. 2009 01:59:58,110 --> 01:59:59,690 - Hello? - Hi. Kitty? 2010 01:59:59,780 --> 02:00:02,910 What-- What? Charlotte. Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead. 2011 02:00:02,990 --> 02:00:07,280 Oh, um, well, I don't know, he just said to tell you to "bring in the sheets." 2012 02:00:10,200 --> 02:00:11,210 Kitty? 2013 02:00:12,920 --> 02:00:15,380 Kitty? Kitty, are you still there? 2014 02:00:22,550 --> 02:00:25,590 If they detonate it too high in the air, the blast won't be as powerful. 2015 02:00:25,680 --> 02:00:28,100 With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer, 2016 02:00:28,180 --> 02:00:29,470 we'll take it from here. 2017 02:00:40,070 --> 02:00:42,440 Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam? 2018 02:00:43,070 --> 02:00:45,570 A brief would be an overstatement. 2019 02:00:45,660 --> 02:00:49,370 He referred to a powerful new weapon. 2020 02:00:50,040 --> 02:00:54,830 Stalin hoped we'd use it against Japan. 2021 02:00:56,080 --> 02:00:57,080 That's it? 2022 02:00:57,750 --> 02:00:59,710 Robert, we've given them an ace, 2023 02:00:59,800 --> 02:01:01,300 it's for them to play the hand. 2024 02:01:03,300 --> 02:01:04,720 You're aiming for the 6th? 2025 02:01:05,340 --> 02:01:07,680 Well, it's up to the CO in the Pacific. 2026 02:01:09,220 --> 02:01:10,850 Should I come with you to Washington? 2027 02:01:12,640 --> 02:01:13,770 What for? 2028 02:01:16,270 --> 02:01:17,810 Well, you'll keep me informed. 2029 02:01:19,150 --> 02:01:20,150 Of course. 2030 02:01:22,400 --> 02:01:23,570 As best I can. 2031 02:01:41,750 --> 02:01:44,420 Would the Japanese surrender if they knew what was coming? 2032 02:01:45,670 --> 02:01:46,880 I don't know. 2033 02:01:49,640 --> 02:01:51,640 Have you seen Szilard's petition? 2034 02:01:51,720 --> 02:01:54,100 What the hell does Szilard know about the Japanese? 2035 02:01:54,180 --> 02:01:55,520 You're not signing it, are you? 2036 02:01:56,520 --> 02:01:58,770 Many people have. A lot of people have. 2037 02:01:58,850 --> 02:02:00,020 Edward, 2038 02:02:01,480 --> 02:02:03,360 the fact that we built this bomb 2039 02:02:03,440 --> 02:02:06,070 does not give us any more right or responsibility 2040 02:02:06,150 --> 02:02:08,360 to decide how it's used than anyone else. 2041 02:02:08,450 --> 02:02:10,490 But we're the only people who know about it. 2042 02:02:11,070 --> 02:02:14,040 I've told Stimson the various opinions of the community. 2043 02:02:14,120 --> 02:02:15,200 But what's your opinion? 2044 02:02:16,830 --> 02:02:18,040 Once it's used... 2045 02:02:19,330 --> 02:02:22,880 nuclear war, perhaps all war... 2046 02:02:24,460 --> 02:02:25,920 becomes unthinkable. 2047 02:02:26,510 --> 02:02:28,630 Until somebody builds a bigger bomb. 2048 02:02:49,610 --> 02:02:51,200 I thought they would call. 2049 02:02:51,280 --> 02:02:52,740 It's only the 5th. 2050 02:02:55,240 --> 02:02:56,910 In Japan, it's the 6th. 2051 02:03:09,970 --> 02:03:10,970 Charlotte. 2052 02:03:13,600 --> 02:03:15,060 Try Groves. 2053 02:03:16,100 --> 02:03:17,100 Anything? 2054 02:03:19,230 --> 02:03:20,770 Charlotte? 2055 02:03:20,850 --> 02:03:22,190 Truman's on the radio. 2056 02:03:23,360 --> 02:03:25,270 Sixteen hours ago, 2057 02:03:26,190 --> 02:03:31,320 an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima... 2058 02:03:32,990 --> 02:03:36,120 ...and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. 2059 02:03:38,290 --> 02:03:44,000 The bomb had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. 2060 02:03:46,250 --> 02:03:48,170 It is an atomic bomb. 2061 02:03:51,010 --> 02:03:55,640 It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. 2062 02:03:57,850 --> 02:03:58,850 Groves on one. 2063 02:03:58,930 --> 02:04:00,890 We are now prepared to destroy, 2064 02:04:00,980 --> 02:04:04,440 more rapidly and completely, the Japanese-- 2065 02:04:04,520 --> 02:04:06,270 General? 2066 02:04:06,360 --> 02:04:09,150 I'm very proud of you and all of your people. 2067 02:04:09,230 --> 02:04:10,740 It went all right? 2068 02:04:10,820 --> 02:04:13,110 Apparently, it went with a tremendous bang. 2069 02:04:14,360 --> 02:04:18,160 Well, everyone here is feeling reasonably good about it. 2070 02:04:20,080 --> 02:04:21,540 It's been a long road. 2071 02:04:21,620 --> 02:04:24,210 I think one of the wisest things I ever did 2072 02:04:24,290 --> 02:04:26,540 was when I selected the Director of Los Alamos. 2073 02:04:29,760 --> 02:04:33,760 We have spent more than two billion dollars 2074 02:04:33,840 --> 02:04:37,550 on the greatest scientific gamble in history, 2075 02:04:38,220 --> 02:04:40,100 and we have won. 2076 02:04:44,650 --> 02:04:48,230 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2077 02:04:48,320 --> 02:04:51,860 โ€‹ Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2078 02:04:51,940 --> 02:04:55,280 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! โ€‹ 2079 02:04:55,360 --> 02:04:58,410 โ€‹ Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2080 02:04:58,490 --> 02:05:01,410 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! โ€‹ 2081 02:05:01,500 --> 02:05:04,370 โ€‹ Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2082 02:06:08,310 --> 02:06:09,480 The world... 2083 02:06:11,360 --> 02:06:12,570 will remember this day. 2084 02:06:32,000 --> 02:06:33,500 It's too soon to-- 2085 02:06:34,130 --> 02:06:37,880 It's too soon to determine what the results of the bombing are. 2086 02:06:40,970 --> 02:06:42,760 But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it. 2087 02:07:03,660 --> 02:07:05,200 I'm so proud. 2088 02:07:06,290 --> 02:07:08,210 So proud of what you have accomplished. 2089 02:07:15,880 --> 02:07:18,470 I just wish we had it in time to use against the Germans. 2090 02:09:08,410 --> 02:09:09,740 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2091 02:09:10,870 --> 02:09:12,040 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2092 02:09:13,200 --> 02:09:14,290 Nice picture. 2093 02:09:15,040 --> 02:09:16,750 President Truman will see you now. 2094 02:09:31,060 --> 02:09:33,810 Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor. 2095 02:09:33,890 --> 02:09:35,770 -Mr. President. -Please. 2096 02:09:35,850 --> 02:09:37,020 Thank you. 2097 02:09:37,650 --> 02:09:38,770 Secretary Byrnes. 2098 02:09:41,440 --> 02:09:44,150 How's it feel to be the most famous man in the world? 2099 02:09:45,280 --> 02:09:47,950 You helped save a lot of American lives. 2100 02:09:48,620 --> 02:09:52,910 -What we did at Hiroshima was a-- -And Nagasaki. 2101 02:09:53,750 --> 02:09:55,000 Well, obviously. 2102 02:09:55,870 --> 02:09:58,960 Your invention let us bring our boys home. 2103 02:09:59,040 --> 02:10:01,170 Well, it was hardly... 2104 02:10:01,250 --> 02:10:02,250 my invention. 2105 02:10:02,340 --> 02:10:04,460 It was you on the cover of Time. 2106 02:10:07,590 --> 02:10:11,260 Jim tells me you're concerned about an arms race with the Soviets. 2107 02:10:11,350 --> 02:10:12,350 Oh, yes, uh... 2108 02:10:13,930 --> 02:10:15,230 Well, um... 2109 02:10:15,310 --> 02:10:16,640 It's that, uh, 2110 02:10:16,730 --> 02:10:19,810 now is our chance to secure... 2111 02:10:20,730 --> 02:10:23,570 international cooperation on... ...atomic energy 2112 02:10:23,650 --> 02:10:25,820 a-a-and I'm concerned-- 2113 02:10:25,900 --> 02:10:28,780 Do you know when the Soviets are gonna have the bomb? 2114 02:10:28,860 --> 02:10:30,700 I don't think I could give a precise-- 2115 02:10:30,780 --> 02:10:32,030 Never. 2116 02:10:32,870 --> 02:10:34,410 Never. 2117 02:10:34,490 --> 02:10:37,790 Mr. President, the Russians have good physicists 2118 02:10:37,870 --> 02:10:40,420 -a-a-and abundant resources. -Abundant? 2119 02:10:40,500 --> 02:10:41,500 Yes. 2120 02:10:42,250 --> 02:10:44,300 Don't think so. 2121 02:10:44,380 --> 02:10:47,920 Well, they'll put everything they have in... 2122 02:10:51,760 --> 02:10:56,520 I hear you're leaving Los Alamos. 2123 02:10:56,600 --> 02:10:57,850 What should we do with it? 2124 02:10:57,930 --> 02:11:00,060 Give it back to the Indians. 2125 02:11:07,740 --> 02:11:10,990 Um, Dr. Oppenheimer, 2126 02:11:11,070 --> 02:11:14,200 if what you say about the Soviets is true, 2127 02:11:14,280 --> 02:11:18,370 we have to build up Los Alamos, not shut it down. 2128 02:11:22,080 --> 02:11:23,670 Mr. President... 2129 02:11:24,880 --> 02:11:26,000 Um... 2130 02:11:29,090 --> 02:11:32,800 I feel that I have blood on my hands. 2131 02:11:52,530 --> 02:11:57,790 You think anyone in Hiroshima or Nagasaki 2132 02:11:57,870 --> 02:12:00,790 gives a shit who built the bomb? 2133 02:12:04,130 --> 02:12:06,500 They care who dropped it. 2134 02:12:07,300 --> 02:12:08,300 I did. 2135 02:12:11,220 --> 02:12:13,680 Hiroshima isn't about you. 2136 02:12:20,140 --> 02:12:21,430 Dr. Oppenheimer. 2137 02:12:33,070 --> 02:12:35,280 Don't let that crybaby back in here. 2138 02:12:40,910 --> 02:12:43,960 Robert saw that hand-wringing got him nowhere. 2139 02:12:44,790 --> 02:12:46,130 By the time I met him, 2140 02:12:46,210 --> 02:12:49,840 he'd fully embraced his "father of the bomb" reputation. 2141 02:12:49,920 --> 02:12:52,260 And he used his profile to influence policy. 2142 02:13:01,180 --> 02:13:03,180 Doctor, in the years following the war, 2143 02:13:03,270 --> 02:13:05,350 would you say that you exerted a great influence 2144 02:13:05,440 --> 02:13:07,310 on the atomic policies of the USA? 2145 02:13:07,400 --> 02:13:09,940 ! think "greatโ€ would be an overstatement. 2146 02:13:10,020 --> 02:13:11,860 Really? If we look at the issue of isotopes, 2147 02:13:11,940 --> 02:13:15,570 were you not personally responsible for destroying all opposition to their export? 2148 02:13:15,660 --> 02:13:18,070 You could use a bottle of beer... 2149 02:13:18,160 --> 02:13:19,330 ...when making atomic weapons. 2150 02:13:19,410 --> 02:13:20,410 In fact, you do. 2151 02:13:20,490 --> 02:13:21,870 I was the spokesman, 2152 02:13:21,950 --> 02:13:24,460 but the opinion among scientists was unanimous. 2153 02:13:24,540 --> 02:13:27,630 All along with McCarthy on the rise, he knew he was vulnerable. 2154 02:13:28,500 --> 02:13:32,170 His brother was blacklisted by every university in the country. 2155 02:13:33,670 --> 02:13:36,800 Lomanitz wound up working the railroad, laying track. 2156 02:13:38,510 --> 02:13:40,760 And Chevalier went into exile. 2157 02:13:42,600 --> 02:13:46,480 But none of that stopped Robert from pushing the GAC 2158 02:13:46,560 --> 02:13:48,980 to recommend arms control instead of the H-bomb. 2159 02:13:51,320 --> 02:13:54,570 He was devastated when Truman rejected their recommendation. 2160 02:13:56,700 --> 02:13:58,360 I miss Richard more than I can bear. 2161 02:13:58,450 --> 02:14:00,450 I know, Ruth, I know. 2162 02:14:00,530 --> 02:14:03,620 Part of me's glad he didn't live to see where this is all going. 2163 02:14:06,870 --> 02:14:08,790 Here comes the birthday boy. 2164 02:14:08,880 --> 02:14:10,000 To gloat. 2165 02:14:10,080 --> 02:14:11,790 Have fun. 2166 02:14:11,880 --> 02:14:13,840 Robert, uh, my son and his fiancรฉe 2167 02:14:13,920 --> 02:14:16,260 are desperate to meet the father of the atomic bomb, and so... 2168 02:14:16,340 --> 02:14:18,430 Well... good day. 2169 02:14:25,480 --> 02:14:26,770 Is this a bad time? 2170 02:14:27,440 --> 02:14:28,650 What do you think, Lewis? 2171 02:14:29,230 --> 02:14:31,360 Well, I think it must have been a blow for you. 2172 02:14:31,440 --> 02:14:32,480 For the world. 2173 02:14:34,110 --> 02:14:37,110 The world? What does Fuchs mean to the rest of the world? 2174 02:14:38,660 --> 02:14:40,070 Fuchs? 2175 02:14:40,160 --> 02:14:41,530 Klaus Fuchs? 2176 02:14:43,200 --> 02:14:45,410 Oh, dear. You haven't heard. 2177 02:14:48,620 --> 02:14:50,670 Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist 2178 02:14:50,750 --> 02:14:53,290 that you put onto the implosion team at Los Alamos... 2179 02:14:54,630 --> 02:14:59,180 turns out he was spying for the Soviets the whole time. 2180 02:14:59,260 --> 02:15:00,470 I'm sorry. 2181 02:15:06,140 --> 02:15:08,940 After the truth about Fuchs came out, 2182 02:15:09,020 --> 02:15:11,020 the FBI stepped up surveillance on him. 2183 02:15:11,100 --> 02:15:13,690 He knew his phone was tapped, 2184 02:15:13,770 --> 02:15:15,570 he was followed everywhere, 2185 02:15:16,360 --> 02:15:17,990 his trash picked through. 2186 02:15:21,200 --> 02:15:25,410 -But never stopped speaking his mind. -A man of conviction. 2187 02:15:25,490 --> 02:15:28,410 And maybe he thought fame could actually protect him. 2188 02:15:30,670 --> 02:15:33,540 When Eisenhower took office, he saw one more chance. 2189 02:15:35,090 --> 02:15:36,090 He took it. 2190 02:15:36,170 --> 02:15:42,890 America and Russia may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, 2191 02:15:42,970 --> 02:15:49,230 each capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life. 2192 02:15:49,810 --> 02:15:51,940 Now, there are various aspects of this policy-- 2193 02:15:52,020 --> 02:15:57,030 Lot of scientists blame me, but how was I supposed to protect him? 2194 02:15:57,110 --> 02:16:00,530 ...are too secret for discussion, candor is the only remedy. 2195 02:16:00,610 --> 02:16:04,200 Officials in Washington need to start leveling with the American people. 2196 02:16:06,080 --> 02:16:08,750 That was the last straw for Robert's enemies. 2197 02:16:08,830 --> 02:16:10,830 So he had to lose his security clearance? 2198 02:16:10,910 --> 02:16:13,500 And with it, his credibility. 2199 02:16:13,580 --> 02:16:15,840 But how could they do it? 2200 02:16:15,920 --> 02:16:19,010 He was a war hero. He'd already told everyone about his past. 2201 02:16:19,090 --> 02:16:21,300 Borden dredged it all up. 2202 02:16:21,380 --> 02:16:24,550 How could Borden get access to Oppenheimer's FBI file? 2203 02:16:24,640 --> 02:16:28,430 -Could it have been Nichols? -No, I can't imagine he'd do that. 2204 02:16:28,510 --> 02:16:30,520 But whoever did unleashed a firestorm 2205 02:16:30,600 --> 02:16:34,980 that burned a path from the White House back to my desk at the AEC. 2206 02:16:35,480 --> 02:16:37,110 You see him in there, right? 2207 02:16:37,860 --> 02:16:40,150 I've worked my whole life to get here, 2208 02:16:40,940 --> 02:16:43,150 Cabinet of the United States of America, 2209 02:16:43,240 --> 02:16:46,780 and now, in front of the entire country, they're gonna put me back in my place. 2210 02:16:48,620 --> 02:16:50,290 A lowly shoe salesman. 2211 02:16:51,000 --> 02:16:53,120 Lewis, we can win this thing. 2212 02:16:53,210 --> 02:16:56,290 I-I think we can get the Senate to grasp that you did your duty, 2213 02:16:56,380 --> 02:16:58,000 painful though it was. 2214 02:16:58,090 --> 02:17:00,550 -Now, will Hill's testimony back us up? -Hill will be fine. 2215 02:17:00,630 --> 02:17:01,630 I don't really know him, 2216 02:17:01,710 --> 02:17:04,010 but he was one of Szilard's boys in Chicago, 2217 02:17:04,090 --> 02:17:05,590 and they never forgave Robert 2218 02:17:05,680 --> 02:17:07,970 for not supporting the petition against bombing Japan. 2219 02:17:09,220 --> 02:17:12,680 This was taken 31 days after the bombing. 2220 02:17:13,600 --> 02:17:17,900 Virtually everyone in the street for nearly a mile around, 2221 02:17:18,610 --> 02:17:21,780 was instantly and seriously burned. 2222 02:17:23,030 --> 02:17:27,780 The Japanese spoke of people who wore striped clothing 2223 02:17:27,870 --> 02:17:30,490 upon whom, the skin was burned in stripes. 2224 02:17:31,660 --> 02:17:34,210 There were many who thought themselves lucky, 2225 02:17:34,290 --> 02:17:38,170 who climbed out of the ruins of their homes, only slightly injured. 2226 02:17:39,920 --> 02:17:41,460 But they died anyway. 2227 02:17:42,420 --> 02:17:46,760 They died days or weeks later from the radium-like rays 2228 02:17:46,840 --> 02:17:50,720 emitted in great numbers at the moment of the explosion. 2229 02:17:52,060 --> 02:17:54,140 Did you read this crap in the papers? 2230 02:17:54,230 --> 02:17:56,230 A British physicist is saying 2231 02:17:56,310 --> 02:17:59,230 the atomic bombings were not the last act of World War II, 2232 02:17:59,310 --> 02:18:02,190 but the first act of this cold war with Russia. 2233 02:18:02,280 --> 02:18:03,690 Which physicist? 2234 02:18:03,780 --> 02:18:06,450 I think you knew him. Patrick Blackett. 2235 02:18:09,320 --> 02:18:10,830 He may not be wrong. 2236 02:18:10,910 --> 02:18:12,370 Stimson is now telling me 2237 02:18:12,450 --> 02:18:15,620 we bombed an enemy that was essentially defeated. 2238 02:18:15,710 --> 02:18:18,210 Robert, you've all the influence now. 2239 02:18:19,040 --> 02:18:20,590 Please. 2240 02:18:20,670 --> 02:18:22,960 Urge them to continue my research on the Super. 2241 02:18:23,050 --> 02:18:25,170 I neither can nor will, Edward. 2242 02:18:25,260 --> 02:18:26,590 Why not? 2243 02:18:26,670 --> 02:18:28,130 It's not the right use of our resources. 2244 02:18:28,220 --> 02:18:30,300 Is that what you really believe? 2245 02:18:31,100 --> 02:18:35,060 J. Robert Oppenheimer. Sphinx-like guru of the atom. 2246 02:18:36,390 --> 02:18:38,020 Nobody knows what you believe. 2247 02:18:39,230 --> 02:18:41,020 Do you? Hmm? 2248 02:18:41,520 --> 02:18:43,980 One final time, our program director, 2249 02:18:44,070 --> 02:18:45,740 Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2250 02:18:47,400 --> 02:18:49,610 I hope that, in years to come, 2251 02:18:49,700 --> 02:18:52,240 you will look back on your work here with pride. 2252 02:18:53,030 --> 02:18:57,330 But today that pride must be tempered with a profound concern. 2253 02:18:59,170 --> 02:19:02,790 If atomic weapons are to be added to the arsenals of a warring world, 2254 02:19:04,250 --> 02:19:08,510 then the day will come when people will curse the name of Los Alamos. 2255 02:19:12,760 --> 02:19:15,350 Sorry, Admiral. Stopped off to get this. 2256 02:19:16,520 --> 02:19:18,480 It seems pretty favorable. 2257 02:19:19,270 --> 02:19:21,730 There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption? 2258 02:19:21,810 --> 02:19:24,610 Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer, Strauss fought... 2259 02:19:26,440 --> 02:19:27,690 and the US won." 2260 02:19:28,860 --> 02:19:29,860 That'll work. 2261 02:19:29,950 --> 02:19:32,370 Those were your words from the other day. 2262 02:19:32,450 --> 02:19:33,700 We needed to pivot. 2263 02:19:34,330 --> 02:19:36,910 But how would you know what Time magazine's gonna write? 2264 02:19:36,990 --> 02:19:38,580 Henry Luce is a friend. 2265 02:19:46,550 --> 02:19:48,760 You sat here and let me tell you how it's done, 2266 02:19:49,510 --> 02:19:51,630 but you've been far ahead all along. 2267 02:19:51,720 --> 02:19:54,050 Survival in Washington 2268 02:19:54,930 --> 02:19:57,140 is about knowing how to get things done. 2269 02:19:57,640 --> 02:19:58,640 Right. 2270 02:20:00,770 --> 02:20:02,600 What was it you said about Borden? 2271 02:20:02,690 --> 02:20:04,770 "Why get caught holding the knife yourself?" 2272 02:20:06,900 --> 02:20:09,940 I'm beginning to think Borden was holding the knife for you. 2273 02:20:12,450 --> 02:20:16,660 It's gonna come down to how much influence Borden's been able to exert on Teller. 2274 02:20:17,870 --> 02:20:19,200 Did I say something funny? 2275 02:20:19,290 --> 02:20:23,870 Just "Borden, Borden, Borden" when we all know that it's Strauss. 2276 02:20:23,960 --> 02:20:26,420 Lewis brought me to Princeton, Kitty. 2277 02:20:26,500 --> 02:20:29,210 And then you humiliated him in front of Congress. 2278 02:20:29,300 --> 02:20:31,800 But more useful than a sandwich. 2279 02:20:35,050 --> 02:20:36,050 How'd I do? 2280 02:20:37,310 --> 02:20:39,100 Maybe a little too well, Robert. 2281 02:20:39,180 --> 02:20:40,730 That was six years ago. 2282 02:20:40,810 --> 02:20:44,350 You know the truly vindictive, patient as saints. 2283 02:20:44,440 --> 02:20:47,110 Strauss has been perfectly clear that he is neutral. 2284 02:20:47,190 --> 02:20:50,650 Wake up! It is Strauss! 2285 02:20:50,740 --> 02:20:53,700 It's always been Strauss, and you know it. 2286 02:20:53,780 --> 02:20:55,410 Why won't you fight him? 2287 02:20:56,120 --> 02:20:57,280 Christ's sake. 2288 02:20:58,660 --> 02:21:02,460 It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover, or one of Truman's guys. 2289 02:21:02,540 --> 02:21:04,920 It was you. You gave the file to Borden. 2290 02:21:05,000 --> 02:21:07,290 You set him on Oppenheimer. You convinced him to-- 2291 02:21:07,380 --> 02:21:11,800 Borden didn't take any convincing. 2292 02:21:11,880 --> 02:21:13,720 Take your time, use the entire file. 2293 02:21:13,800 --> 02:21:16,140 Write up your conclusions, send them to the FBI. 2294 02:21:16,220 --> 02:21:20,560 The material is obviously extensive, but there's nothing new here. 2295 02:21:20,640 --> 02:21:22,730 Your conclusions will be. 2296 02:21:22,810 --> 02:21:24,850 And they'll have to be answered. 2297 02:21:24,940 --> 02:21:26,690 Hoover passes them to McCarthy? 2298 02:21:26,770 --> 02:21:30,150 Oppenheimer's too slippery for that self-promoting clown. 2299 02:21:30,230 --> 02:21:33,030 I've talked it over with Hoover, he'll hold McCarthy at bay 2300 02:21:33,110 --> 02:21:34,780 while you do this with the AEC. 2301 02:21:34,860 --> 02:21:35,990 A trial. 2302 02:21:36,070 --> 02:21:37,370 No. No trial. 2303 02:21:37,450 --> 02:21:40,200 You can't give Oppenheimer a platform. 2304 02:21:40,280 --> 02:21:42,120 You can't martyr him. 2305 02:21:42,200 --> 02:21:45,460 We need a systematic destruction of Oppenheimer's credibility 2306 02:21:45,540 --> 02:21:48,880 So he can never again speak on matters of national security. 2307 02:21:49,670 --> 02:21:50,670 Then what? 2308 02:21:52,340 --> 02:21:55,630 A shabby little room, far from the limelight. 2309 02:22:01,430 --> 02:22:03,470 A simple, bureaucratic procedure. 2310 02:22:03,560 --> 02:22:05,890 His Q clearance is up for renewal. 2311 02:22:05,980 --> 02:22:08,600 You send your accusations to the FBI... 2312 02:22:10,900 --> 02:22:13,980 Hoover sends them to the AEC, you're forced to act. 2313 02:22:15,030 --> 02:22:16,280 You write up an indictment. 2314 02:22:16,360 --> 02:22:20,320 You tell Oppenheimer his security clearance is not being renewed. 2315 02:22:20,410 --> 02:22:22,370 But offer him the chance to appeal. 2316 02:22:22,450 --> 02:22:24,750 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2317 02:22:24,830 --> 02:22:27,160 -May I keep this? -No. 2318 02:22:27,250 --> 02:22:30,960 If you do decide to appeal, they'll have to send you a copy. 2319 02:22:31,040 --> 02:22:34,670 When he appeals, and trust me, he will, 2320 02:22:34,760 --> 02:22:36,760 I appoint a board. 2321 02:22:36,840 --> 02:22:39,550 They will, of course, have counsel. 2322 02:22:39,640 --> 02:22:41,300 - Prosecutor? - In all but name. 2323 02:22:41,390 --> 02:22:43,310 -Who? -Roger Robb. 2324 02:22:43,390 --> 02:22:44,390 Ouch. 2325 02:22:44,470 --> 02:22:47,690 Robb will have security clearance to examine Oppenheimer's file. 2326 02:22:47,770 --> 02:22:49,100 As will the Gray board. 2327 02:22:49,190 --> 02:22:50,440 Defense counsel will not. 2328 02:22:51,730 --> 02:22:53,020 A closed hearing. 2329 02:22:53,110 --> 02:22:57,280 "The so-called and derogatory information in your indictment of me..." 2330 02:22:57,360 --> 02:23:00,910 No audience. No reporters. No burden of proof. 2331 02:23:01,490 --> 02:23:02,990 No burden of proof? 2332 02:23:04,620 --> 02:23:05,790 We're not convicting. 2333 02:23:06,870 --> 02:23:08,500 We're just denying. 2334 02:23:14,300 --> 02:23:16,260 What is it you said? 2335 02:23:17,130 --> 02:23:20,470 "This is just how the game is played." 2336 02:23:21,180 --> 02:23:22,930 Well, forgive my naivete. 2337 02:23:23,600 --> 02:23:27,270 Amateurs seek the sun... get eaten. 2338 02:23:28,600 --> 02:23:31,650 Power stays in the shadows. 2339 02:23:31,730 --> 02:23:34,690 But, sir, you're out of the shadows now. 2340 02:23:34,770 --> 02:23:36,730 Yeah, that's why this has to work. 2341 02:23:36,820 --> 02:23:37,990 Well... 2342 02:23:39,700 --> 02:23:42,360 Teller's testifying this morning. That'll help. 2343 02:23:42,450 --> 02:23:43,950 And then... 2344 02:23:44,030 --> 02:23:45,410 Hill is in the afternoon. 2345 02:23:45,490 --> 02:23:47,120 Hill is gonna help us too. 2346 02:23:50,210 --> 02:23:52,830 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2347 02:23:53,500 --> 02:23:55,170 - May I keep this? - No. 2348 02:23:57,670 --> 02:24:02,640 If you do decide to appeal, then they'll have to send you a copy. 2349 02:24:06,060 --> 02:24:08,140 Take my car and driver. I insist. 2350 02:24:13,020 --> 02:24:14,980 I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis. 2351 02:24:15,060 --> 02:24:17,780 Of course. But don't take too long. 2352 02:24:17,860 --> 02:24:19,900 I can't keep Nichols at bay. 2353 02:24:26,160 --> 02:24:28,370 I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert. 2354 02:24:28,450 --> 02:24:29,910 I think it's wrong. 2355 02:24:42,970 --> 02:24:46,430 Nichols wants me to fight so he can get it all on the record. 2356 02:24:46,510 --> 02:24:48,260 Strauss wants me to walk away. 2357 02:24:48,350 --> 02:24:53,020 Strauss knows that you can't do that. You'd be accepting the charges. 2358 02:24:53,690 --> 02:24:55,230 You'll lose your job. 2359 02:24:55,310 --> 02:24:58,230 You will lose your reputation. We'll lose our house. 2360 02:24:58,320 --> 02:24:59,980 Robert, we have to fight. 2361 02:25:03,070 --> 02:25:05,160 As AEC counsel, I can't represent you. 2362 02:25:05,240 --> 02:25:06,780 I'll call Lloyd Garrison. 2363 02:25:07,370 --> 02:25:09,580 -He's good. -The best, but... 2364 02:25:10,580 --> 02:25:11,700 I have to warn you... 2365 02:25:13,370 --> 02:25:15,420 this won't be a fair fight. 2366 02:25:15,500 --> 02:25:18,040 During your interview with Boris Pash in 1943, 2367 02:25:18,130 --> 02:25:19,750 did you refer to microfilm? 2368 02:25:19,840 --> 02:25:23,010 -No. -Tab 11, page one, paragraph three. 2369 02:25:23,090 --> 02:25:24,470 You never said, "Man of the consulate 2370 02:25:24,550 --> 02:25:26,510 expert in the use of microfilm." 2371 02:25:26,590 --> 02:25:27,640 - I'm sorry. - No. 2372 02:25:27,720 --> 02:25:29,890 I would like to know what document Mr. Robb is quoting from 2373 02:25:29,970 --> 02:25:31,930 and if we might be furnished with a copy. 2374 02:25:32,020 --> 02:25:33,810 The document is classified, Mr. Garrison. 2375 02:25:33,890 --> 02:25:36,060 I think we should get back to firsthand information. 2376 02:25:36,150 --> 02:25:38,810 -This is firsthand. -How so, Roger? 2377 02:25:40,770 --> 02:25:42,150 There was a recording of the interview. 2378 02:25:46,950 --> 02:25:49,870 You let my client sit here and potentially perjure himself 2379 02:25:49,950 --> 02:25:52,410 and all this time, you had a recording? 2380 02:25:52,490 --> 02:25:55,120 Nobody told your client to misrepresent his former answers. 2381 02:25:55,210 --> 02:25:57,330 Misrepres-- It was 12 years ago. 2382 02:25:57,420 --> 02:25:58,670 Can we hear this recording? 2383 02:25:58,750 --> 02:26:00,170 You don't have the clearance, Mr. Garrison. 2384 02:26:00,250 --> 02:26:03,260 -But you're reading it into the record. -Please, please. 2385 02:26:03,340 --> 02:26:07,180 Is this proceeding interested in entrapment or in truth? 2386 02:26:07,260 --> 02:26:11,100 If it's truth, where's the disclosure? Where's the witness list? 2387 02:26:11,180 --> 02:26:13,890 Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial, as you're well aware. 2388 02:26:13,970 --> 02:26:18,150 Evidentiary rules do not apply. We are dealing with national security. 2389 02:26:18,230 --> 02:26:19,440 Yes, sir, with all due respect, 2390 02:26:19,520 --> 02:26:22,900 I fail to see how national security prevents the prosecution 2391 02:26:22,980 --> 02:26:25,900 -from providing us a list of witnesses. -Perhaps we are in need of a brief recess. 2392 02:26:25,990 --> 02:26:28,030 Gentlemen, you have my words. 2393 02:26:28,110 --> 02:26:30,950 If you say they're from a transcript, then I'll accept it. 2394 02:26:31,030 --> 02:26:33,740 I've already explained I made up a cock-and-bull story. 2395 02:26:33,830 --> 02:26:36,910 But why would anyone make up such an elaborate story? 2396 02:26:37,000 --> 02:26:38,460 Because I was an idiot. 2397 02:26:39,170 --> 02:26:40,790 Why lie? 2398 02:26:40,880 --> 02:26:44,800 Well, clearly with the intention of not revealing who the intermediary was. 2399 02:26:44,880 --> 02:26:47,420 Your friend, Haakon Chevalier, the communist? 2400 02:26:47,510 --> 02:26:48,760 Is he still your friend? 2401 02:26:49,760 --> 02:26:50,800 Yes. 2402 02:26:54,060 --> 02:26:56,180 Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming. 2403 02:26:56,270 --> 02:26:58,060 Do you know who else the prosecution has called? 2404 02:26:58,140 --> 02:27:00,350 Teller, obviously. 2405 02:27:01,360 --> 02:27:03,690 -They've asked Lawrence. -What did he say? 2406 02:27:03,770 --> 02:27:07,070 -He wasn't going to help them, but... -But? 2407 02:27:07,650 --> 02:27:12,120 Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman have been having an affair for years. 2408 02:27:12,200 --> 02:27:14,580 The whole time you lived with them in Pasadena. 2409 02:27:14,660 --> 02:27:18,040 He convinced Lawrence that Richard died of a broken heart. 2410 02:27:18,120 --> 02:27:19,960 -That's absurd. -What part? 2411 02:27:20,040 --> 02:27:21,830 The broken heart. 2412 02:27:21,920 --> 02:27:22,960 Richard never found out. 2413 02:27:24,340 --> 02:27:25,670 Is Lawrence gonna testify? 2414 02:27:25,750 --> 02:27:26,880 I don't know. 2415 02:27:27,800 --> 02:27:32,510 Dr. Rabi, what governmental positions do you currently hold? 2416 02:27:32,590 --> 02:27:36,470 I am the chairman of the General Advisory Committee to the AEC, 2417 02:27:36,560 --> 02:27:38,350 succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer. 2418 02:27:38,430 --> 02:27:40,560 And how long have you known Dr. Oppenheimer? 2419 02:27:41,270 --> 02:27:43,520 Since 1928. I... 2420 02:27:43,610 --> 02:27:45,110 I know him quite well. 2421 02:27:45,190 --> 02:27:49,740 Well enough to speak to the bearing of his loyalty and character? 2422 02:27:49,820 --> 02:27:53,240 Dr. Oppenheimer is a man of upstanding character. 2423 02:27:53,870 --> 02:27:57,620 And he is loyal to the United States, to his friends, 2424 02:27:57,700 --> 02:27:59,960 to the institutions of which he is part. 2425 02:28:01,790 --> 02:28:03,040 Eat. 2426 02:28:22,060 --> 02:28:24,310 - What was that? - Nothing to worry about. 2427 02:28:27,570 --> 02:28:29,490 After the Russian A-bomb test, 2428 02:28:29,570 --> 02:28:32,200 did Dr. Lawrence come to see you about the hydrogen bomb? 2429 02:28:32,280 --> 02:28:33,860 You'd be better off asking him. 2430 02:28:33,950 --> 02:28:35,490 Well, I fully intend to. 2431 02:28:36,330 --> 02:28:40,250 Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb? 2432 02:28:40,330 --> 02:28:43,330 No, he thought that a fusion program 2433 02:28:43,420 --> 02:28:46,170 would come at the expense of our awfully good fission program. 2434 02:28:46,250 --> 02:28:50,170 -But that proved not to be the case. -In the event, both could be done. 2435 02:28:50,260 --> 02:28:52,930 Suppose that this board did not feel satisfied that, 2436 02:28:53,010 --> 02:28:57,010 in his testimony here, Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful. 2437 02:28:57,100 --> 02:28:59,180 What would you say whether or not he should be cleared? 2438 02:28:59,260 --> 02:29:01,560 Why go through all this against a man 2439 02:29:01,640 --> 02:29:03,690 who has accomplished what Dr. Oppenheimer has? 2440 02:29:03,770 --> 02:29:05,310 Look at his record. 2441 02:29:05,400 --> 02:29:07,650 We have an A-bomb and a whole series of it. 2442 02:29:07,730 --> 02:29:09,570 We have a whole series of Super bombs. 2443 02:29:09,650 --> 02:29:12,190 What more do you want? Mermaids? 2444 02:29:12,740 --> 02:29:16,320 But I've known Secretary Strauss for many years, 2445 02:29:16,410 --> 02:29:19,870 and I feel it a necessity to express the warm support 2446 02:29:19,950 --> 02:29:22,370 for science and scientists Lewis has shown. 2447 02:29:22,450 --> 02:29:25,330 We'll break now, unless there's any immediate business. 2448 02:29:25,420 --> 02:29:28,210 Senator, I'd like to once again request 2449 02:29:28,290 --> 02:29:31,000 that we're furnished with a list of witnesses. 2450 02:29:31,090 --> 02:29:32,800 And I will remind the nominee 2451 02:29:32,880 --> 02:29:35,510 that we don't always have that information in advance. 2452 02:29:35,590 --> 02:29:38,680 We do know that Dr. Hill will be here after lunch. 2453 02:29:38,760 --> 02:29:41,520 Mr. Chairman, our next scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence, 2454 02:29:41,600 --> 02:29:44,390 has apparently come down with colitis. 2455 02:29:47,730 --> 02:29:50,110 So we'll proceed with William Borden instead. 2456 02:29:51,070 --> 02:29:53,820 Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat. 2457 02:29:55,150 --> 02:29:59,870 Mr. Borden, during your investigation into Dr. Oppenheimer, 2458 02:29:59,950 --> 02:30:02,910 -did you reach certain conclusions? -I did. 2459 02:30:03,000 --> 02:30:05,580 And did there come a time when you expressed those conclusions 2460 02:30:05,660 --> 02:30:09,080 in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover of the Federal Bureau of Investigation? 2461 02:30:09,170 --> 02:30:11,460 -That is correct. -Prior to the writing of the letter, 2462 02:30:11,550 --> 02:30:13,840 did you discuss the writing of the letter with anybody attached 2463 02:30:13,920 --> 02:30:15,590 to the Atomic Energy Commission? 2464 02:30:15,670 --> 02:30:17,840 - I did not. - Do you have a copy of the letter? 2465 02:30:17,930 --> 02:30:18,970 I have one in front of me. 2466 02:30:19,050 --> 02:30:21,350 Would you please be so kind as to read it, sir? 2467 02:30:22,010 --> 02:30:24,850 "Dear Mr. Hoover, the purpose of this letter is to state"-- 2468 02:30:24,930 --> 02:30:27,730 I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have a-- 2469 02:30:27,810 --> 02:30:31,060 What is the purpose of the delay? He's simply gonna read the letter. 2470 02:30:31,150 --> 02:30:34,400 Mr. Chairman, this is the first I've seen of this letter, 2471 02:30:34,480 --> 02:30:37,450 and I see statements here, at least one, 2472 02:30:37,530 --> 02:30:40,030 of a kind that I don't think anyone would like to see go into the record. 2473 02:30:40,120 --> 02:30:42,740 These are accusations that have not previously been made. 2474 02:30:42,830 --> 02:30:44,660 That are not part of the indictment from Nichols. 2475 02:30:44,750 --> 02:30:47,080 Accusations of a kind that I don't think belong here. 2476 02:30:47,160 --> 02:30:49,250 The witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, 2477 02:30:49,330 --> 02:30:51,630 laying out evidence that has already been before the board. 2478 02:30:51,710 --> 02:30:53,380 His conclusions are valid testimony, 2479 02:30:53,460 --> 02:30:56,720 just like the positive conclusions of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer. 2480 02:30:56,800 --> 02:30:58,340 It cuts both ways. 2481 02:30:58,430 --> 02:31:00,550 How long has counsel been in possession of this letter? 2482 02:31:00,640 --> 02:31:04,560 I don't think I should be subject to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison. 2483 02:31:04,640 --> 02:31:07,730 Mr. Garrison, given that we on the board have all read the letter, 2484 02:31:07,810 --> 02:31:10,150 wouldn't it be better to have it in the record? 2485 02:31:10,230 --> 02:31:11,770 Let's proceed. 2486 02:31:13,690 --> 02:31:15,320 "Dear Mr. Hoover, 2487 02:31:15,400 --> 02:31:18,450 the purpose of this letter is to state my opinion 2488 02:31:18,530 --> 02:31:22,700 based upon years of study of the available classified evidence, 2489 02:31:22,780 --> 02:31:24,790 that more probably than not 2490 02:31:24,870 --> 02:31:29,710 J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union. 2491 02:31:29,790 --> 02:31:32,210 The following conclusions are justified. 2492 02:31:32,290 --> 02:31:36,630 One, between 1929 and 1942, more probably than not, 2493 02:31:36,710 --> 02:31:40,550 J. Robert Oppenheimer was a sufficiently hardened communist, 2494 02:31:40,630 --> 02:31:43,010 that he volunteered information to the Soviets. 2495 02:31:43,100 --> 02:31:45,430 Two, more probably than not, 2496 02:31:45,510 --> 02:31:49,140 he has since been functioning as an espionage agent. 2497 02:31:49,810 --> 02:31:52,310 Three, more probably than not, 2498 02:31:52,400 --> 02:31:54,980 he has since acted under a Soviet directive 2499 02:31:55,070 --> 02:31:57,860 in influencing United States military policy"... 2500 02:31:57,940 --> 02:32:00,200 -I'm sorry, Robert. -..."atomic energy, intelligence"... 2501 02:32:00,280 --> 02:32:05,160 Is anyone ever going to tell the truth about what's happening here? 2502 02:32:05,240 --> 02:32:08,080 We will now hear from Dr. David Hill. 2503 02:32:18,380 --> 02:32:21,380 Dr. Hill, would you care to make a statement? 2504 02:32:23,390 --> 02:32:24,390 Thank you. 2505 02:32:24,470 --> 02:32:28,470 I've been asked to testify about Lewis Strauss. 2506 02:32:28,560 --> 02:32:33,810 A man who has given years of service in high positions of government 2507 02:32:33,900 --> 02:32:38,650 and who is known to be earnest, hardworking and intelligent. 2508 02:32:39,820 --> 02:32:42,320 The views I have to express are my own, 2509 02:32:42,400 --> 02:32:45,160 but I believe that much I have to say will help to indicate 2510 02:32:45,240 --> 02:32:48,700 why most of the scientists in this country 2511 02:32:48,790 --> 02:32:53,580 would prefer to see Mr. Strauss completely out of government. 2512 02:32:55,750 --> 02:32:59,670 You're referring to the hostility of certain scientists 2513 02:32:59,760 --> 02:33:03,470 directed toward Mr. Strauss because of his commitment to security, 2514 02:33:03,550 --> 02:33:06,260 as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair? 2515 02:33:08,720 --> 02:33:09,720 No. 2516 02:33:10,520 --> 02:33:15,060 Because of the personal vindictiveness he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2517 02:33:16,810 --> 02:33:18,690 Order. 2518 02:33:18,770 --> 02:33:20,030 Order. 2519 02:33:20,610 --> 02:33:24,110 It appears to most scientists around this country 2520 02:33:25,410 --> 02:33:28,240 that Robert Oppenheimer is now being pilloried 2521 02:33:28,330 --> 02:33:32,750 and put through an ordeal because he expressed his honest opinions. 2522 02:33:32,830 --> 02:33:36,040 Dr. Bush, I thought I was performing a service to my country 2523 02:33:36,120 --> 02:33:37,250 when hearing this case. 2524 02:33:37,330 --> 02:33:41,840 No board in this country should sit in judgment of a man 2525 02:33:41,920 --> 02:33:44,010 because he expressed strong opinions. 2526 02:33:44,090 --> 02:33:46,760 If you wanna try that case, you should try me. 2527 02:33:47,260 --> 02:33:50,470 Excuse me, gentlemen, if I become stirred. 2528 02:33:51,350 --> 02:33:52,350 But I am. 2529 02:33:52,930 --> 02:33:56,810 Dr. Hill, we've already heard that Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges, 2530 02:33:56,900 --> 02:33:59,860 or participate in the hearings against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2531 02:33:59,940 --> 02:34:04,610 The Oppenheimer matter was initiated and carried through 2532 02:34:04,690 --> 02:34:07,160 largely through the animus of Lewis Strauss. 2533 02:34:08,700 --> 02:34:11,580 Oppenheimer made mincemeat out of Strauss's position 2534 02:34:11,660 --> 02:34:13,700 on the shipment of isotopes to Norway, 2535 02:34:13,790 --> 02:34:17,290 and Strauss never forgave him this public humiliation. 2536 02:34:17,960 --> 02:34:21,210 Another controversy between them centered around their differences in judgment 2537 02:34:21,290 --> 02:34:24,380 on how the H-bomb would contribute to national security. 2538 02:34:24,460 --> 02:34:26,930 Strauss turned to the personnel security system 2539 02:34:27,010 --> 02:34:30,600 in order to destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness. 2540 02:34:30,680 --> 02:34:33,560 And Strauss was able to find a few ambitious men 2541 02:34:33,640 --> 02:34:36,390 who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's positions 2542 02:34:36,480 --> 02:34:39,860 and envied him his prestige in government circles. 2543 02:34:39,940 --> 02:34:44,030 I've always assumed, and still assume, that he's loyal to the United States. 2544 02:34:44,650 --> 02:34:45,650 I believe this. 2545 02:34:45,740 --> 02:34:49,160 And I shall believe it until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 2546 02:34:49,240 --> 02:34:52,950 Do you, or do you not, believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 2547 02:34:56,830 --> 02:34:58,120 In a great number of cases, 2548 02:34:58,210 --> 02:35:01,540 I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way which was, to me, 2549 02:35:01,630 --> 02:35:03,550 exceedingly hard to understand. 2550 02:35:03,630 --> 02:35:06,210 I thoroughly disagreed with him in numerous issues, 2551 02:35:06,300 --> 02:35:09,720 and his actions, frankly, appeared to me confused and complicated. 2552 02:35:09,800 --> 02:35:11,510 To this extent, I feel, 2553 02:35:11,600 --> 02:35:14,560 I want to see the vital interests of this country 2554 02:35:14,640 --> 02:35:16,730 in hands which I understand better, 2555 02:35:16,810 --> 02:35:18,640 and therefore trust more. 2556 02:35:19,480 --> 02:35:21,230 - Thank you, Doctor. - Thank you. 2557 02:35:24,980 --> 02:35:26,070 I'm sorry. 2558 02:35:28,860 --> 02:35:31,110 You shook his fucking hand? 2559 02:35:31,990 --> 02:35:33,990 Oh, I would have spit in his face. 2560 02:35:34,080 --> 02:35:35,990 Not sure the board would have appreciated that. 2561 02:35:36,080 --> 02:35:37,950 Is it not gentlemanly enough for you? 2562 02:35:38,040 --> 02:35:40,620 I think you're all being too goddamn gentlemanly. 2563 02:35:40,710 --> 02:35:42,630 Gray must see what Robb is doing. 2564 02:35:42,710 --> 02:35:44,540 Why doesn't he just shut him down? 2565 02:35:44,630 --> 02:35:47,210 And you shaking Teller's hand. 2566 02:35:47,300 --> 02:35:50,340 You need to stop playing the martyr. 2567 02:35:51,130 --> 02:35:56,100 Under the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 2568 02:36:02,100 --> 02:36:06,650 Under my interpretation of the Atomic Energy Act, 2569 02:36:06,730 --> 02:36:11,320 which did not exist when I hired Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942, 2570 02:36:12,610 --> 02:36:18,120 I would not clear him today if I were on the commission. 2571 02:36:18,200 --> 02:36:19,750 Good, thank you, General, that is all. 2572 02:36:19,830 --> 02:36:22,330 But I don't think I'd clear any of those guys. 2573 02:36:22,420 --> 02:36:23,420 That's all. 2574 02:36:26,500 --> 02:36:28,630 Dr. Oppenheimer had no responsibility 2575 02:36:28,710 --> 02:36:31,220 in the selection or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he? 2576 02:36:31,300 --> 02:36:32,550 No. None at all. 2577 02:36:32,630 --> 02:36:35,800 And you wouldn't want to leave this board with any suggestion today 2578 02:36:35,890 --> 02:36:39,020 that you're here questioning his basic loyalty to the United States 2579 02:36:39,100 --> 02:36:40,600 and the operation of Los Alamos. 2580 02:36:40,680 --> 02:36:42,020 By no means. 2581 02:36:42,100 --> 02:36:45,020 I hope I didn't lead anyone to believe otherwise for an instant. 2582 02:36:46,310 --> 02:36:47,520 Thank you, General. 2583 02:37:05,040 --> 02:37:07,170 Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting. 2584 02:37:07,250 --> 02:37:08,250 She'll be here. 2585 02:37:08,750 --> 02:37:10,050 Do you even want her here? 2586 02:37:10,630 --> 02:37:12,550 Only a fool or an adolescent 2587 02:37:12,630 --> 02:37:14,680 presumes to know someone else's relationship, 2588 02:37:14,760 --> 02:37:16,680 and you're neither, Lloyd. 2589 02:37:19,390 --> 02:37:22,140 Kitty and I, we're grown-ups. 2590 02:37:23,230 --> 02:37:25,310 We've walked through fire together. 2591 02:37:25,900 --> 02:37:27,150 She'll do fine. 2592 02:37:28,060 --> 02:37:32,240 Would you describe your views on communism as pro, anti, neutral? 2593 02:37:32,320 --> 02:37:33,400 Very strongly against. 2594 02:37:33,490 --> 02:37:38,030 I've had nothing to do with communism since 1936, since... 2595 02:37:39,160 --> 02:37:40,990 since before I met Robert. 2596 02:37:42,790 --> 02:37:43,910 That's all. 2597 02:37:45,000 --> 02:37:46,750 The record demonstrates that Oppenheimer 2598 02:37:46,830 --> 02:37:50,050 was not interrogated by impartial and disinterested counsel 2599 02:37:50,130 --> 02:37:51,130 for the Gray board. 2600 02:37:51,210 --> 02:37:53,050 He was interrogated by a prosecutor 2601 02:37:53,130 --> 02:37:55,840 who used all the tricks of a rather ingenious legal background. 2602 02:37:55,930 --> 02:38:00,260 You are charging now that the Gray board permitted a prosecution. 2603 02:38:01,010 --> 02:38:03,100 If I were on the Gray board, 2604 02:38:03,180 --> 02:38:06,520 I would have protested against the tactics of the man who served, in fact, 2605 02:38:06,600 --> 02:38:08,060 as the prosecuting counsel. 2606 02:38:08,150 --> 02:38:09,980 A man appointed, not by the board... 2607 02:38:11,270 --> 02:38:12,570 but by Lewis Strauss. 2608 02:38:15,320 --> 02:38:16,280 Who was this? 2609 02:38:17,910 --> 02:38:19,570 I'm sorry? 2610 02:38:19,660 --> 02:38:20,830 Who was this? 2611 02:38:20,910 --> 02:38:22,160 Uh, Roger Robb. 2612 02:38:22,830 --> 02:38:24,160 Mrs. Oppenheimer. 2613 02:38:28,670 --> 02:38:30,840 Did you have a Communist Party membership card? 2614 02:38:32,670 --> 02:38:33,840 I'm-- 2615 02:38:33,920 --> 02:38:34,920 I'm not sure. 2616 02:38:35,010 --> 02:38:36,220 Not sure? 2617 02:38:38,930 --> 02:38:40,050 Well-- 2618 02:38:43,100 --> 02:38:44,100 Well? 2619 02:38:53,360 --> 02:38:56,360 I mean, presumably, the act of joining the Party 2620 02:38:56,440 --> 02:38:59,660 required sending some money and receiving a card, no? 2621 02:39:02,620 --> 02:39:03,620 Yeah. 2622 02:39:09,670 --> 02:39:10,830 Sorry. 2623 02:39:11,880 --> 02:39:13,210 Yeah. 2624 02:39:15,260 --> 02:39:18,590 It's just it was all so very long ago, Mr. Robb, wasn't it? 2625 02:39:18,680 --> 02:39:20,300 -Not really. -Long enough to have forgotten. 2626 02:39:20,390 --> 02:39:23,510 -Did you return the card or rip it up? -The card whose existence I've forgotten? 2627 02:39:23,600 --> 02:39:26,560 -Your Communist Party membership card. -Haven't the slightest idea. 2628 02:39:29,390 --> 02:39:33,820 Can a distinction be made between Soviet communism and communism? 2629 02:39:33,900 --> 02:39:37,030 In the days when I was a member, I thought they were definitely two things. 2630 02:39:37,110 --> 02:39:40,160 I thought that the Communist Party of the United States 2631 02:39:40,240 --> 02:39:42,700 was concerned with our domestic problems. 2632 02:39:42,780 --> 02:39:43,950 I now no longer believe this. 2633 02:39:44,030 --> 02:39:46,540 I believe the thing's linked together and spread all over the world, 2634 02:39:46,620 --> 02:39:50,330 and I have believed this since I left the Party, 16 years ago. 2635 02:39:50,420 --> 02:39:52,920 -But-- -17 years ago. My mistake. 2636 02:39:53,500 --> 02:39:54,920 -But you sai-- -Sorry, 18. 2637 02:39:56,340 --> 02:39:57,630 18 years ago. 2638 02:39:58,880 --> 02:40:01,760 Are you familiar with the fact your husband was making contributions 2639 02:40:01,840 --> 02:40:04,010 to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942? 2640 02:40:04,100 --> 02:40:06,390 I knew that Robert gave money from time to time. 2641 02:40:06,470 --> 02:40:08,930 Did you know this money was going into Communist Party channels? 2642 02:40:09,020 --> 02:40:11,060 -Don't you mean "through"? -Pardon? 2643 02:40:11,140 --> 02:40:13,650 I think you mean "through Communist Party channels," don't you? 2644 02:40:13,730 --> 02:40:15,320 -Yes! -Yes? 2645 02:40:15,400 --> 02:40:17,440 -Yes! -Yes. 2646 02:40:17,530 --> 02:40:20,530 Then would it be fair to say that this meant that by 1942, 2647 02:40:20,610 --> 02:40:24,490 your husband had not stopped having anything to do with the Communist Party? 2648 02:40:24,570 --> 02:40:27,580 You don't have to answer that yes or no. You can answer that any way you wish. 2649 02:40:27,660 --> 02:40:29,370 I know that, thank you. 2650 02:40:29,450 --> 02:40:31,210 It's your question. 2651 02:40:31,290 --> 02:40:32,750 It's not properly phrased. 2652 02:40:32,830 --> 02:40:34,500 -Do you understand what I'm getting at? -I do. 2653 02:40:34,580 --> 02:40:37,550 -Then why don't you answer it that way? -'Cause I don't like your phrase. 2654 02:40:37,630 --> 02:40:39,460 "Having anything to do with the Communist Party." 2655 02:40:39,550 --> 02:40:42,680 Because Robert never had anything to do with the Communist Party as such. 2656 02:40:42,760 --> 02:40:45,090 I know he gave money to Spanish refugees. 2657 02:40:45,180 --> 02:40:48,350 I know he took an intellectual interest in communist ideas-- 2658 02:40:48,430 --> 02:40:50,180 Are there two types of communists? 2659 02:40:50,270 --> 02:40:52,980 Intellectual communists and your plain, old, regular commie? 2660 02:40:54,270 --> 02:40:55,900 Well, I couldn't answer that one. 2661 02:40:55,980 --> 02:40:58,530 I couldn't either. 2662 02:41:05,450 --> 02:41:06,700 Good evening. 2663 02:41:06,780 --> 02:41:08,120 Robert, you can't win this thing. 2664 02:41:08,200 --> 02:41:10,500 It's a kangaroo court with a predetermined outcome. 2665 02:41:10,580 --> 02:41:14,500 -Why put yourself through more of it? -I have my reasons. 2666 02:41:16,000 --> 02:41:17,170 All right. 2667 02:41:17,250 --> 02:41:18,460 Good night. 2668 02:41:23,170 --> 02:41:24,510 He has a point. 2669 02:41:25,760 --> 02:41:27,600 I'm not sure you understand, Albert. 2670 02:41:27,680 --> 02:41:28,720 No? 2671 02:41:29,310 --> 02:41:31,930 I left my country never to return. 2672 02:41:32,890 --> 02:41:34,980 You served your country well. 2673 02:41:35,060 --> 02:41:37,940 If this is the reward she offers you, then... 2674 02:41:38,900 --> 02:41:41,230 perhaps you should turn your back on her. 2675 02:41:42,280 --> 02:41:44,320 Damn it, I happen to love this country. 2676 02:41:45,110 --> 02:41:47,410 Then tell them to go to hell. 2677 02:41:47,490 --> 02:41:48,950 Interestingly enough, 2678 02:41:49,030 --> 02:41:51,450 this is no longer a confirmation hearing, 2679 02:41:51,540 --> 02:41:52,820 it's now a trial... 2680 02:41:53,570 --> 02:41:54,680 about a trial! 2681 02:41:56,120 --> 02:41:59,040 It's not good he's telling everyone you initiated the hearings. 2682 02:41:59,130 --> 02:42:01,170 He can't prove a goddamn thing. 2683 02:42:01,250 --> 02:42:04,760 He certainly can't prove that I gave the file to Borden. 2684 02:42:04,840 --> 02:42:07,890 We're not in court, sir. There's no burden of proof. 2685 02:42:07,970 --> 02:42:09,680 Right. They're not convicting... 2686 02:42:10,600 --> 02:42:11,600 just denying. 2687 02:42:12,520 --> 02:42:15,440 But why would Hill come here to tear me down? What's his angle? 2688 02:42:15,520 --> 02:42:18,310 Do people need a reason to do the right thing? 2689 02:42:18,400 --> 02:42:19,310 As he sees it. 2690 02:42:19,400 --> 02:42:22,690 I told you, Oppenheimer poisoned the scientists against me, 2691 02:42:22,780 --> 02:42:24,150 right from that first meeting. 2692 02:42:24,240 --> 02:42:27,240 I don't know what Oppenheimer said to him that day, 2693 02:42:27,320 --> 02:42:30,200 but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye. 2694 02:42:31,700 --> 02:42:34,540 Oppenheimer knows how to manipulate his own. 2695 02:42:34,620 --> 02:42:38,370 And at Los Alamos, he preyed on the naivete of scientists 2696 02:42:38,460 --> 02:42:40,630 who thought they'd get a say in how we used their work. 2697 02:42:40,710 --> 02:42:42,920 Don't ever think he was that naive himself. 2698 02:42:43,670 --> 02:42:45,050 Doctor. 2699 02:42:45,130 --> 02:42:49,930 During your work on the hydrogen bomb, were you deterred by any moral qualms? 2700 02:42:50,760 --> 02:42:51,970 Yes, of course. 2701 02:42:52,060 --> 02:42:53,890 But you still got on with your work, didn't you? 2702 02:42:53,970 --> 02:42:58,140 Yes, because this was work of exploration. It was not the preparation of a weapon. 2703 02:42:58,230 --> 02:43:00,310 You mean it was more of an academic excursion? 2704 02:43:00,400 --> 02:43:03,400 No, it is not an academic thing whether you can build a hydrogen bomb. 2705 02:43:03,480 --> 02:43:04,690 It's a matter of life and death. 2706 02:43:04,780 --> 02:43:05,990 By 1942, 2707 02:43:06,070 --> 02:43:08,320 you were actively pushing the development of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you? 2708 02:43:08,400 --> 02:43:11,570 Pushing's not the right word. Supporting it and working on it, yes. 2709 02:43:11,660 --> 02:43:14,040 So when did these moral qualms become so strong 2710 02:43:14,120 --> 02:43:17,120 that you actively opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb? 2711 02:43:17,210 --> 02:43:19,960 When it was suggested that it be the policy of the United States 2712 02:43:20,040 --> 02:43:22,880 to make these things at all cost, without regard to the balance 2713 02:43:22,960 --> 02:43:26,460 between these weapons and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal. 2714 02:43:27,920 --> 02:43:30,010 What do moral qualms have to do with that? 2715 02:43:30,720 --> 02:43:33,550 -What do moral qualms have to do with it? -Yes. 2716 02:43:33,640 --> 02:43:35,720 Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb. 2717 02:43:35,810 --> 02:43:37,770 He wanted to be the man who moved the Earth. 2718 02:43:37,850 --> 02:43:42,310 He talks about putting the nuclear genie back in the bottle. 2719 02:43:42,400 --> 02:43:45,900 Well, I'm here to tell you that I know J. Robert Oppenheimer, 2720 02:43:45,980 --> 02:43:49,200 and if he could do it all over, he'd do it all the same. 2721 02:43:49,280 --> 02:43:52,990 You know he's never once said that he regrets Hiroshima? 2722 02:43:53,070 --> 02:43:55,830 He'd do it all over. Why? 2723 02:43:55,910 --> 02:43:59,710 Because it made him the most important man who ever lived. 2724 02:43:59,790 --> 02:44:03,540 Well, we've freely used the atomic bomb-- 2725 02:44:03,630 --> 02:44:05,670 In fact, Doctor, you assisted in selecting the target 2726 02:44:05,750 --> 02:44:07,920 to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, didn't you? 2727 02:44:08,010 --> 02:44:09,880 - Yes. - Then you knew, did you not, 2728 02:44:09,970 --> 02:44:12,220 that by dropping that atomic bomb on the target you selected, 2729 02:44:12,300 --> 02:44:15,220 that thousands of civilians would be killed or injured, is that correct? 2730 02:44:15,300 --> 02:44:17,470 Yes, not as many as turned out-- 2731 02:44:17,560 --> 02:44:20,060 Oh. Well, how many were killed or injured? 2732 02:44:20,140 --> 02:44:21,230 70,000. 2733 02:44:21,310 --> 02:44:22,690 70,000 at both Hiroshima and-- 2734 02:44:22,770 --> 02:44:24,520 110,000 at both. 2735 02:44:24,610 --> 02:44:26,190 On the day of each bombing? 2736 02:44:27,730 --> 02:44:29,990 -Yes. -And in the weeks and years that followed? 2737 02:44:30,070 --> 02:44:33,320 It has been put at somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000. 2738 02:44:33,410 --> 02:44:35,490 - 220,000 dead, at least. - Yes. 2739 02:44:35,580 --> 02:44:37,120 Any moral scruples about that? 2740 02:44:39,040 --> 02:44:40,040 Terrible ones. 2741 02:44:40,120 --> 02:44:43,920 Yet you testified in here that the bombing of Hiroshima was very successful. 2742 02:44:44,000 --> 02:44:47,050 -Technically successful. -Oh! Technically, it was very successful. 2743 02:44:47,130 --> 02:44:49,510 And it is also alleged to have helped end the war. 2744 02:44:49,590 --> 02:44:52,680 Would you have been supportive of the dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima? 2745 02:44:52,760 --> 02:44:55,140 -That would make no sense at all. -Why? 2746 02:44:55,220 --> 02:44:57,060 The target is too small. 2747 02:44:57,140 --> 02:44:59,640 Well, supposing there had been a target in Japan big enough 2748 02:44:59,720 --> 02:45:01,100 for a thermonuclear weapon, 2749 02:45:01,180 --> 02:45:02,730 would you have been opposed to the dropping of it? 2750 02:45:02,810 --> 02:45:04,520 This was not a problem with which I was confronted-- 2751 02:45:04,600 --> 02:45:06,060 I'm confronting you with it now, sir. 2752 02:45:06,150 --> 02:45:07,820 It was all part of his plan. 2753 02:45:07,900 --> 02:45:11,740 He wanted the glorious, insincere guilt of the self-important 2754 02:45:11,820 --> 02:45:13,780 to wear like a fucking crown. 2755 02:45:13,860 --> 02:45:19,370 Say, "No, we cannot go down this road," even as he knew we'd have to. 2756 02:45:19,450 --> 02:45:21,120 Would you have been opposed to the dropping 2757 02:45:21,200 --> 02:45:23,540 of a thermonuclear weapon on Japan because of moral scruples? 2758 02:45:23,620 --> 02:45:25,000 Yes, I believe I would, sir. 2759 02:45:25,080 --> 02:45:26,080 Did you oppose the dropping 2760 02:45:26,170 --> 02:45:28,880 of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima because of moral scruples? 2761 02:45:28,960 --> 02:45:30,880 -We set forth our arg-- -No, you. 2762 02:45:30,960 --> 02:45:32,670 -I'm asking you. You! -I set-- 2763 02:45:32,760 --> 02:45:35,050 I set forth our arguments against dropping it, 2764 02:45:35,130 --> 02:45:36,840 but I did not endorse them. 2765 02:45:36,930 --> 02:45:40,060 You mean after working night and day for three years building the bomb, 2766 02:45:40,140 --> 02:45:42,100 you then argued against the use of it. 2767 02:45:42,180 --> 02:45:45,900 I was asked by the secretary of war what the views of scientists were. 2768 02:45:45,980 --> 02:45:48,190 I gave him the views against and the views for. 2769 02:45:48,270 --> 02:45:50,690 You supported the dropping of the atom bomb on Japan. 2770 02:45:50,780 --> 02:45:53,280 - What do you mean, "support"? - You supported it. 2771 02:45:53,360 --> 02:45:55,820 -You helped pick the target, didn't you? -I did my job. 2772 02:45:55,910 --> 02:45:58,280 I was not in a policy-making position at Los Alamos. 2773 02:45:58,370 --> 02:46:00,330 I would have done anything I was asked to do. 2774 02:46:00,410 --> 02:46:02,830 Then you would have built the H-bomb too, wouldn't you? 2775 02:46:02,910 --> 02:46:04,960 -I couldn't. -I didn't ask you that, Doctor. 2776 02:46:05,040 --> 02:46:06,370 And the GAC report, 2777 02:46:06,460 --> 02:46:09,040 which you co-authored after the Soviet atomic test, 2778 02:46:09,130 --> 02:46:12,590 said a Super bomb should never be built. 2779 02:46:12,670 --> 02:46:14,050 What we meant-- What I meant was-- 2780 02:46:14,130 --> 02:46:15,970 -What you? Who? Who? -What I meant-- 2781 02:46:17,890 --> 02:46:20,760 And wouldn't the Russians do anything to increase their strength? 2782 02:46:20,850 --> 02:46:23,390 If we did it, they would have to do it. 2783 02:46:23,470 --> 02:46:27,730 Our efforts would only fuel their efforts, just as it had with the atomic bomb. 2784 02:46:27,810 --> 02:46:30,820 "Just as it had with the atomic bomb," exactly! 2785 02:46:31,520 --> 02:46:35,780 No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949. 2786 02:46:40,070 --> 02:46:41,240 Dr. Oppenheimer... 2787 02:46:43,450 --> 02:46:46,210 when did your strong moral convictions develop 2788 02:46:46,290 --> 02:46:48,080 with respect to the hydrogen bomb? 2789 02:46:55,920 --> 02:46:57,760 When it became clear to me... 2790 02:46:59,220 --> 02:47:02,260 that we would tend to use any weapon we had. 2791 02:47:05,310 --> 02:47:07,520 J. Robert Oppenheimer the Martyr. 2792 02:47:07,600 --> 02:47:10,150 I gave him exactly what he wanted. 2793 02:47:10,730 --> 02:47:14,360 To be remembered for Trinity, not Hiroshima. 2794 02:47:15,110 --> 02:47:17,240 Not Nagasaki. 2795 02:47:20,200 --> 02:47:21,950 He should be thanking me. 2796 02:47:22,990 --> 02:47:24,290 Well, he's not. 2797 02:47:27,710 --> 02:47:29,120 Do we still have enough votes, 2798 02:47:29,210 --> 02:47:31,130 or is the crowning moment of my career 2799 02:47:31,210 --> 02:47:34,300 about to become the most public humiliation of my life? 2800 02:47:35,210 --> 02:47:38,840 Full Senate's about to vote. You'll scrape through. 2801 02:47:38,930 --> 02:47:40,510 Great, then gather the fucking press. 2802 02:47:41,090 --> 02:47:42,470 Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2803 02:47:42,550 --> 02:47:45,560 This board, having heard testimony from you 2804 02:47:45,640 --> 02:47:48,850 and many of your current and former colleagues, 2805 02:47:48,940 --> 02:47:53,020 has come to the unanimous conclusion that you are a loyal citizen. 2806 02:47:55,270 --> 02:48:00,490 However, in the light of your continuing associations 2807 02:48:00,570 --> 02:48:04,030 and disregard for the security apparatus of this country, 2808 02:48:04,120 --> 02:48:07,580 together with your somewhat disturbing conduct 2809 02:48:07,660 --> 02:48:09,580 on the hydrogen bomb program, 2810 02:48:09,660 --> 02:48:11,330 and the regrettable lack of candor 2811 02:48:11,420 --> 02:48:14,290 in certain of your responses to this board, 2812 02:48:14,380 --> 02:48:17,210 we have voted two-to-one 2813 02:48:17,300 --> 02:48:20,340 to deny the renewal of your security clearance. 2814 02:48:20,420 --> 02:48:23,390 A full written opinion, with a dissent from Mr. Evans, 2815 02:48:23,470 --> 02:48:26,640 will be issued to the AEC in the coming days. 2816 02:48:26,720 --> 02:48:27,930 That is all. 2817 02:48:32,350 --> 02:48:33,850 Gordon. 2818 02:48:38,650 --> 02:48:40,150 Robert. 2819 02:48:40,990 --> 02:48:42,030 Robert. 2820 02:48:45,160 --> 02:48:46,450 Don't, uh... 2821 02:48:49,290 --> 02:48:50,790 Don't take in the sheets. 2822 02:48:56,210 --> 02:48:58,250 - Sir. - Two minutes. Two minutes. 2823 02:48:58,340 --> 02:49:00,170 You'll get your shot. 2824 02:49:03,880 --> 02:49:05,050 Is it official? 2825 02:49:07,350 --> 02:49:11,060 Well, there were a couple of unexpected holdouts. 2826 02:49:16,310 --> 02:49:18,360 I'm denied. Yeah? 2827 02:49:19,150 --> 02:49:20,820 -I'm afraid so, sir. -All right. 2828 02:49:28,490 --> 02:49:29,660 Who were the holdouts? 2829 02:49:29,740 --> 02:49:32,540 Um... There were three, 2830 02:49:32,620 --> 02:49:35,040 led by the junior senator from Massachusetts. 2831 02:49:35,120 --> 02:49:37,250 Young guy trying to make a name for himself, 2832 02:49:37,340 --> 02:49:39,590 didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer. 2833 02:49:39,670 --> 02:49:40,670 What's his name? 2834 02:49:41,590 --> 02:49:44,680 Uh, Kennedy. John F. Kennedy. 2835 02:49:48,510 --> 02:49:49,680 Kitty? 2836 02:49:55,940 --> 02:49:59,320 Did you think that if you let them tar and feather you, 2837 02:49:59,400 --> 02:50:01,530 that the world would forgive you? 2838 02:50:05,400 --> 02:50:06,910 It won't. 2839 02:50:09,240 --> 02:50:10,450 We'll see. 2840 02:50:20,500 --> 02:50:21,960 Goddamn it. 2841 02:50:24,970 --> 02:50:26,880 You told me I'd be okay. 2842 02:50:26,970 --> 02:50:29,260 Yeah, well, I didn't have all the facts, did I? 2843 02:50:29,350 --> 02:50:30,390 Here's a fact. 2844 02:50:30,470 --> 02:50:32,640 President Eisenhower pinned the Medal of Freedom 2845 02:50:32,720 --> 02:50:34,140 on my chest last year, 2846 02:50:34,230 --> 02:50:36,690 'cause I've always done what's right for this country. 2847 02:50:36,770 --> 02:50:39,060 They don't want me in the Cabinet room? 2848 02:50:39,150 --> 02:50:41,610 Oh, that's-- That's fine. 2849 02:50:41,690 --> 02:50:43,980 Maybe they should just invite Oppenheimer instead. 2850 02:50:44,070 --> 02:50:45,990 Maybe they will. 2851 02:50:46,070 --> 02:50:49,990 I told you, he turned the scientists against me one by one, 2852 02:50:50,070 --> 02:50:51,240 starting with Einstein. 2853 02:50:51,330 --> 02:50:53,700 I told you about Einstein. I saw him by the pond. 2854 02:50:53,790 --> 02:50:55,120 You did, but you know, sir, 2855 02:50:55,200 --> 02:50:59,080 since nobody really knows what they said to each other that day, 2856 02:50:59,170 --> 02:51:02,710 is it possible they didn't talk about you at all? 2857 02:51:02,800 --> 02:51:05,050 Is it possible they spoke about something... 2858 02:51:06,220 --> 02:51:07,630 more important? 2859 02:51:07,720 --> 02:51:09,590 Mr. Strauss! 2860 02:51:18,480 --> 02:51:20,190 Oh! 2861 02:51:22,570 --> 02:51:23,730 Thank you. 2862 02:51:23,820 --> 02:51:25,190 Albert. 2863 02:51:26,440 --> 02:51:28,400 Ah... 2864 02:51:28,490 --> 02:51:30,030 The man of the moment. 2865 02:51:34,120 --> 02:51:37,370 You once held a reception for me. 2866 02:51:37,460 --> 02:51:40,880 -In Berkeley. You gave me an award, mmm? -Yes. 2867 02:51:41,750 --> 02:51:45,170 You all thought that I had lost the ability to understand 2868 02:51:45,250 --> 02:51:47,090 what I'd started. 2869 02:51:47,170 --> 02:51:50,720 So, the award really wasn't for me. 2870 02:51:50,800 --> 02:51:53,140 It was for all of you, hmm? 2871 02:51:54,890 --> 02:51:56,270 Now it's your turn 2872 02:51:57,100 --> 02:52:01,520 to deal with the consequences of your achievement. 2873 02:52:02,690 --> 02:52:04,230 And one day, 2874 02:52:04,320 --> 02:52:06,320 when they've punished you enough... 2875 02:52:08,280 --> 02:52:11,820 they'll serve you salmon and potato salad. 2876 02:52:16,290 --> 02:52:17,450 Make speeches... 2877 02:52:19,290 --> 02:52:20,750 ...give you a medal. 2878 02:52:22,750 --> 02:52:24,170 Hello, Frank. 2879 02:52:24,250 --> 02:52:25,590 You're happy, I'm happy. 2880 02:52:32,840 --> 02:52:35,510 Pat you on the back, tell you all is forgiven. 2881 02:52:37,390 --> 02:52:38,390 Just remember... 2882 02:52:40,310 --> 02:52:42,100 it won't be for you. 2883 02:52:47,320 --> 02:52:48,650 It be for therm. 2884 02:53:02,160 --> 02:53:03,460 Albert. 2885 02:53:05,210 --> 02:53:08,590 When I came to you with those calculations, 2886 02:53:08,670 --> 02:53:12,380 we thought we might start a chain reaction that would 2887 02:53:12,470 --> 02:53:14,300 destroy the entire world? 2888 02:53:15,220 --> 02:53:18,760 Mmm. I remember it well. What of it? 2889 02:53:22,730 --> 02:53:24,270 I believe we did. 2890 02:54:26,120 --> 02:54:36,010 SUBTITLES EDITOR CXWONG, opensubtitles.org 2891 02:56:26,930 --> 02:56:39,970 SUBTITLES EDITOR CXWONG, OPENSUBTITLES.ORG 2892 03:00:10,050 --> 03:00:22,090 If you liked the subtitles, please consider providing a review for "CXWONG" on OpenSubtitles.org 211279

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