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1
00:00:00,900 --> 00:00:02,959
In the weeks leading up
to any manned space mission...
2
00:00:03,102 --> 00:00:06,970
the crew and the spacecraft are put
through a series of dress rehearsals...
3
00:00:07,073 --> 00:00:09,906
each one more like the real thing
than the last.
4
00:00:10,009 --> 00:00:12,910
The "plugs out" test
is just one of these.
5
00:00:13,012 --> 00:00:15,071
The crew is wearing
full pressure suits...
6
00:00:15,214 --> 00:00:16,704
locked inside the hatch...
7
00:00:16,849 --> 00:00:20,341
confirming that the spacecraft
can operate under its own power...
8
00:00:20,486 --> 00:00:23,978
with all the umbilical plugs
connecting it to the ground removed.
9
00:00:24,123 --> 00:00:25,647
Even for the very first
Apollo mission...
10
00:00:25,792 --> 00:00:29,558
the plugs out test was routine
and hardly considered hazardous.
11
00:00:29,662 --> 00:00:32,495
For astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White
and Roger Chaffee...
12
00:00:32,598 --> 00:00:34,930
it was supposed to be
just another long afternoon...
13
00:00:35,034 --> 00:00:38,435
spent on their backs inside
the Apollo 1 command module.
14
00:00:38,571 --> 00:00:41,005
Another test
of the complicated vehicle...
15
00:00:41,107 --> 00:00:44,042
that would someday
perhaps take all three of them...
16
00:00:44,177 --> 00:00:46,441
on a voyage
from the Earth to the moon.
17
00:00:50,716 --> 00:00:53,947
Okay, Command Pilot, how do you read?
18
00:00:54,053 --> 00:00:56,886
I read you loud and clear.
19
00:00:56,989 --> 00:00:58,513
Read me?
20
00:00:58,658 --> 00:01:00,421
You're pretty garbled here,
Gus.
21
00:01:00,526 --> 00:01:02,050
Senior Pilot,
can you hear us?
22
00:01:03,229 --> 00:01:05,789
Yeah, coming through
loud and clear.
23
00:01:05,932 --> 00:01:09,459
Okay, Ed, you're worse than Gus.
How 'bout you, Roger?
24
00:01:09,602 --> 00:01:13,129
Okay, pilot reads you
five by five.
25
00:01:13,272 --> 00:01:15,137
Roger, you are just
a little bit better.
26
00:01:15,241 --> 00:01:17,175
Better than Ed
or better than Gus?
27
00:01:17,310 --> 00:01:18,777
Better than both.
28
00:01:18,911 --> 00:01:20,401
That's what I always say.
29
00:01:20,546 --> 00:01:24,175
Gus, what we'd like to do is use
strictly S-band communications.
30
00:01:24,317 --> 00:01:26,251
See if we can clear this up.
31
00:01:26,352 --> 00:01:29,185
Can we get all three of you
in the S-band mode?
32
00:01:29,288 --> 00:01:31,813
We're all now in the S-band.
33
00:01:31,958 --> 00:01:33,926
That's real clean, Gus.
34
00:01:34,060 --> 00:01:36,790
Let's try one more and
maybe we can make the run.
35
00:01:36,896 --> 00:01:39,524
Okay. This is the command pilot.
36
00:01:39,665 --> 00:01:43,567
One, two, three, four, five.
37
00:01:43,703 --> 00:01:47,469
You're garbled, but I think
we can get through like this.
38
00:01:47,573 --> 00:01:50,303
Senior Pilot,
one more time, please.
39
00:01:50,409 --> 00:01:52,434
Roger. Senior pilot's transmitting.
40
00:01:52,578 --> 00:01:55,911
One, two, three, four.
41
00:01:56,015 --> 00:01:58,074
I have senior pilot.
42
00:01:58,217 --> 00:02:00,708
We're not copying anybody five by.
43
00:02:00,853 --> 00:02:02,980
We've tried about every mode.
44
00:02:03,122 --> 00:02:04,987
We never did hear the pilot.
45
00:02:05,091 --> 00:02:07,685
Pilot hasn't talked yet. How's this?
46
00:02:07,827 --> 00:02:11,126
One, two, three, four, five.
47
00:02:11,230 --> 00:02:14,063
Okay, roger.
You're all comin' in about the same.
48
00:02:14,166 --> 00:02:17,465
Bear with us, because sometimes
we don't get your transmissions.
49
00:02:17,570 --> 00:02:19,470
Okay, SDC.
50
00:02:22,441 --> 00:02:26,309
If you run into many more communications
problems-- We're down. Copy?
51
00:02:26,412 --> 00:02:27,936
Steve, I need you
at the phone.
52
00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:29,809
I didn't read you, Chuck, at all.
53
00:02:29,916 --> 00:02:32,714
I can't read you, Chuck.
Wanna try the phone?
54
00:02:32,818 --> 00:02:37,118
How are we gonna get to the moon if
we can't talk between three buildings?
55
00:02:37,223 --> 00:02:39,714
Didn't read you.
Can you repeat?
56
00:02:39,859 --> 00:02:42,657
I can't hear a thing they're saying.
Jesus Christ.
57
00:02:42,762 --> 00:02:44,821
I said, how are we gonna
get to the moon...
58
00:02:44,964 --> 00:02:47,694
if we can't talk
between two or three buildings?
59
00:02:48,123 --> 00:02:51,197
Subtitles downloaded from www.OpenSubtitles.org
60
00:02:56,809 --> 00:03:00,006
- Okay, that's a little better, Chuck.
- Give us a count on black-three.
61
00:03:00,112 --> 00:03:03,275
We'll try to figure out
why you're coming in on black-two.
62
00:03:03,382 --> 00:03:08,081
Okay. You want us to sit by here
till we get this stuff squared away?
63
00:03:08,187 --> 00:03:10,018
Uh, Chuck, I didn't read--
64
00:03:10,122 --> 00:03:13,091
Test countdown hold continues
at T minus ten.
65
00:03:14,593 --> 00:03:15,685
Apollo 1, how do you read?
66
00:03:20,099 --> 00:03:21,999
Apollo 1, how do you read?
67
00:03:27,206 --> 00:03:31,609
I read you fine. The problem is
you're not reading me.
68
00:03:31,711 --> 00:03:34,509
We're gonna get a new backup system.
69
00:03:34,613 --> 00:03:38,674
I sent a guy out for a couple
of empty soup cans and some string.
70
00:03:38,818 --> 00:03:40,718
A lot of string.
71
00:03:40,820 --> 00:03:42,720
Really getting ridiculous.
72
00:03:49,996 --> 00:03:51,725
Sounds like
we got an open mike.
73
00:03:53,299 --> 00:03:54,732
- We better find it.
- Fire!
74
00:03:56,202 --> 00:03:58,432
We got a fire in the cockpit!
75
00:03:58,537 --> 00:04:01,028
- Did he say "fire"?
- On the monitor!
76
00:04:03,709 --> 00:04:05,108
We got a bad fire!
77
00:04:54,827 --> 00:04:56,761
We keeping you from something,
Stormy?
78
00:04:56,896 --> 00:04:59,865
Rick's rehearsal dinner.
I promised Phyllis I wouldn't be late.
79
00:04:59,999 --> 00:05:02,593
Sure she's never heard that before.
80
00:05:02,735 --> 00:05:05,329
Control is on the line from the Cape.
There's a fire in the spacecraft.
81
00:05:27,626 --> 00:05:30,424
Mr. Shea, I was just trying the house.
82
00:05:30,529 --> 00:05:32,463
I thought you were going
straight home from the airport.
83
00:05:32,565 --> 00:05:35,796
I have a couple of things
I still need to take a look at.
84
00:05:35,901 --> 00:05:38,802
Mission Control just called.
There's some situation with the test.
85
00:05:38,904 --> 00:05:40,394
They wanted you
to come over right away.
86
00:05:42,675 --> 00:05:44,575
What kind of situation?
87
00:06:34,260 --> 00:06:36,319
Chris.
What's goin' on?
88
00:06:38,597 --> 00:06:39,894
We lost the crew.
89
00:06:41,700 --> 00:06:43,668
There was a fire.
The crew is--
90
00:06:45,371 --> 00:06:47,100
They're dead.
91
00:07:19,805 --> 00:07:20,772
Jan.
92
00:07:56,575 --> 00:07:58,509
Would you like a sedative, Betty?
93
00:07:58,644 --> 00:08:00,578
- Something--
- No, thank you.
94
00:08:02,114 --> 00:08:04,344
I've got a lot of important decisions
to make in the next few days.
95
00:08:04,450 --> 00:08:06,850
I don't wanna be
zonked out on pills.
96
00:08:11,824 --> 00:08:13,724
Better go call Gus' folks.
97
00:08:32,611 --> 00:08:35,546
Martha, Mike Collins is here.
98
00:09:10,382 --> 00:09:12,509
Just so you know, Joe...
99
00:09:12,651 --> 00:09:14,482
the suits failed but they--
100
00:09:15,988 --> 00:09:18,718
The doctors said
they didn't burn to death.
101
00:09:18,824 --> 00:09:19,756
It was the smoke.
102
00:09:19,858 --> 00:09:21,792
They were asphyxiated.
103
00:10:02,801 --> 00:10:04,291
Hello?
Anybody home?
104
00:10:05,704 --> 00:10:07,604
Mom? Dad?
105
00:10:31,563 --> 00:10:33,053
Could have been any of us
in there.
106
00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:36,090
Hell, it almost was me.
107
00:10:37,035 --> 00:10:39,162
I was gonna sit in the spacecraft
for the test.
108
00:10:39,304 --> 00:10:42,205
- Either me or Joe.
- What?
109
00:10:42,307 --> 00:10:44,673
We'd been havin' so many problems
with the communications system...
110
00:10:44,777 --> 00:10:49,146
we thought it might be a good idea
to have somebody in there listening in.
111
00:10:52,951 --> 00:10:55,215
So up until breakfast this mornin'...
112
00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:59,347
Joe Shea and I were gonna flip a coin
to see who got to ride with the guys.
113
00:10:59,491 --> 00:11:02,517
- Where would we sit?
- Not on my lap, that's for damn sure.
114
00:11:04,129 --> 00:11:07,587
We could fit one person across the cabin
underneath the foot rail.
115
00:11:07,733 --> 00:11:09,030
Whichever one of us
is going in there...
116
00:11:09,134 --> 00:11:11,534
we'll be able to hear
what you fellas are hearing.
117
00:11:11,637 --> 00:11:13,264
Which won't be much.
118
00:11:13,405 --> 00:11:14,997
Approximately.
119
00:11:15,140 --> 00:11:16,471
Approximately?
120
00:11:16,575 --> 00:11:18,805
We can't patch you
into the cabin comm lines.
121
00:11:18,911 --> 00:11:22,745
We'd have to run
a separate line through the hatch.
122
00:11:22,848 --> 00:11:26,181
Then the hatch would have to be open.
That's not gonna work.
123
00:11:26,285 --> 00:11:30,312
We decided that if we weren't gonna
hear exactly what they were hearing...
124
00:11:30,456 --> 00:11:32,583
there really wasn't much point.
125
00:11:40,299 --> 00:11:43,029
Hell, we've been doin' that test
since Mercury, Frank.
126
00:11:45,871 --> 00:11:49,534
Joe flew back to Houston
and I went for the pad.
127
00:11:50,676 --> 00:11:53,110
Don't really know why
I went out there with the guys.
128
00:11:53,245 --> 00:11:55,611
I usually don't.
129
00:11:55,714 --> 00:12:01,118
Think I just really wanted
to ride in the spacecraft.
130
00:12:01,220 --> 00:12:05,520
At least see what it was like
to ride the test out up there.
131
00:12:13,398 --> 00:12:14,888
But, anyway.
132
00:12:20,739 --> 00:12:22,639
I'm kinda concerned
about Joe.
133
00:12:26,111 --> 00:12:28,011
I saw him up at the tower...
134
00:12:29,114 --> 00:12:31,014
but I don't know
how he's handling it.
135
00:12:33,886 --> 00:12:35,285
How are you handling it?
136
00:12:43,896 --> 00:12:45,659
I'm drunk.
137
00:12:48,133 --> 00:12:49,225
The thing is--
138
00:12:50,369 --> 00:12:52,098
You and I...
139
00:12:52,204 --> 00:12:54,866
we both know that people die....
140
00:12:55,007 --> 00:12:56,565
testing unproved aircraft.
141
00:12:56,708 --> 00:12:57,868
Happens all the time.
142
00:12:58,010 --> 00:12:59,910
It's not nice
and we don't like it...
143
00:13:01,413 --> 00:13:03,904
but we all knew
it'd happen someday.
144
00:13:04,049 --> 00:13:04,947
No, Deke.
145
00:13:06,218 --> 00:13:08,152
We all knew it'd
happen someday in space.
146
00:13:11,189 --> 00:13:13,453
It's one thing
to die on a mission.
147
00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:17,552
It's another to die on the pad
during a routine goddamn test.
148
00:13:20,832 --> 00:13:22,959
Senator Mondale's thoughts
are with the families...
149
00:13:23,101 --> 00:13:25,535
of these three brave Americans.
150
00:13:25,637 --> 00:13:27,002
That's it.
151
00:13:28,106 --> 00:13:29,004
That's it for now.
152
00:13:29,107 --> 00:13:31,132
Seen the Times?
Listen to this.
153
00:13:31,276 --> 00:13:32,868
"The astronauts were badly burned.
154
00:13:33,011 --> 00:13:36,412
Rescue workers needed five hours
to remove their bodies."
155
00:13:36,548 --> 00:13:38,015
I always knew this was
a waste of money.
156
00:13:38,150 --> 00:13:40,141
Turns out it's
a dangerous waste of money.
157
00:13:41,286 --> 00:13:43,777
For five, six years, they've been
spending money hand over fist.
158
00:13:43,922 --> 00:13:46,720
No one's been able to do
anything about it. Until now.
159
00:13:46,825 --> 00:13:49,089
- We're going to look into this.
- I talked to Anderson's office.
160
00:13:49,194 --> 00:13:51,856
He wants to wait
until NASA's finished its own--
161
00:13:51,997 --> 00:13:54,488
Its own investigation?
For Christ's sake!
162
00:13:54,633 --> 00:13:57,534
That's the fox guarding the henhouse!
It'll be a complete and utter--
163
00:13:57,636 --> 00:13:59,194
Whitewash.
164
00:13:59,338 --> 00:14:01,966
They don't like NASA employees
investigating NASA.
165
00:14:02,107 --> 00:14:04,405
As far as I'm concerned...
166
00:14:04,509 --> 00:14:09,708
I didn't come here from Langley to put
a good face on this for my employers.
167
00:14:09,815 --> 00:14:13,251
The way I see it,
while we're doing this...
168
00:14:13,385 --> 00:14:15,819
we're not working for NASA.
169
00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:19,149
We're working for Gus...
170
00:14:19,291 --> 00:14:22,283
and Ed and Roger.
171
00:14:25,497 --> 00:14:28,261
You're each gonna head up
a panel or two.
172
00:14:28,367 --> 00:14:32,269
Max, I want you to go over all the data
that came out of the spacecraft.
173
00:14:32,404 --> 00:14:35,635
Printouts, voice transmissions,
everything.
174
00:14:35,741 --> 00:14:38,676
Pin down the precise
sequence of events.
175
00:14:38,777 --> 00:14:42,076
We're going to have one panel
focusing squarely on the fire.
176
00:14:42,180 --> 00:14:45,377
How it started, how it spread. They'll
be reporting to Dr. Robert Van Dolah...
177
00:14:45,484 --> 00:14:48,510
of the Bureau of Mines
Explosives Research Center.
178
00:14:50,522 --> 00:14:52,581
I want you to head up the panel...
179
00:14:52,724 --> 00:14:55,591
responsible for dismantling
the spacecraft.
180
00:15:06,371 --> 00:15:07,269
Sorry I'm late.
181
00:15:08,206 --> 00:15:10,174
Got a call from Joe Shea.
182
00:15:12,010 --> 00:15:14,035
Stormy, he had a good idea.
183
00:15:14,179 --> 00:15:17,706
If they're gonna use spacecraft 14
as a model for taking apart 12...
184
00:15:17,849 --> 00:15:19,749
before they remove a screw
from 12...
185
00:15:19,851 --> 00:15:22,081
they'll try it out first
on 14.
186
00:15:22,187 --> 00:15:23,586
Fine.
187
00:15:25,857 --> 00:15:28,690
- We're gonna help them any way we can.
- I know.
188
00:15:28,794 --> 00:15:31,786
But we've also gotta get
the block twos ready to fly.
189
00:15:33,498 --> 00:15:34,590
Anything else?
190
00:15:36,201 --> 00:15:37,498
Do you think they're gonna try
to nail us for this?
191
00:15:37,602 --> 00:15:40,696
How can they nail us, Bud?
It wasn't our fault.
192
00:16:24,382 --> 00:16:27,215
We were gonna run an emergency egress
test at the end of the plugs out.
193
00:16:27,319 --> 00:16:29,549
See how fast they could
get out of there.
194
00:16:29,654 --> 00:16:32,020
How far did Ed manage
to turn the latch handle?
195
00:16:32,124 --> 00:16:33,091
We don't know.
196
00:16:33,225 --> 00:16:35,216
Even if he'd managed
to turn the handle all the way--
197
00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:38,523
He still never would have gotten out.
It's an inward opening hatch.
198
00:16:38,663 --> 00:16:41,461
As strong as Ed was, the pressure in
the cabin from the fire and the smoke...
199
00:16:41,566 --> 00:16:43,466
would have been too much
for him to pull against.
200
00:16:45,837 --> 00:16:47,270
You know what haunts me?
201
00:16:47,372 --> 00:16:50,364
In a way,
if it wasn't for me...
202
00:16:50,509 --> 00:16:52,500
the fire might not
have been fatal.
203
00:16:53,445 --> 00:16:55,106
Why is that?
204
00:16:55,247 --> 00:16:58,705
The capsules in the Mercury program
had explosive hatches, right?
205
00:16:58,850 --> 00:17:01,341
You pull a lever and bam,
you're outta there in a second.
206
00:17:03,021 --> 00:17:04,716
Remember when Gus' capsule sank...
207
00:17:04,856 --> 00:17:08,292
and everyone said he must have
blown the hatch by accident?
208
00:17:08,426 --> 00:17:09,950
I was on the review board
for that.
209
00:17:11,029 --> 00:17:13,623
I was the one who found out
Gus was telling the truth.
210
00:17:13,765 --> 00:17:16,928
The hatch could blow by itself.
211
00:17:17,068 --> 00:17:20,560
It was because of that they decided not
to use an explosive hatch with Apollo.
212
00:17:24,943 --> 00:17:26,535
Nice irony, huh?
213
00:17:27,846 --> 00:17:30,406
If I hadn't proved Gus right...
214
00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:34,451
we might have had an explosive hatch
on this spacecraft...
215
00:17:34,586 --> 00:17:38,545
in which case, Gus and the boys
would still be alive and well.
216
00:17:46,298 --> 00:17:48,198
I'm not a big fan
of irony.
217
00:17:50,302 --> 00:17:52,202
Got a bad fire!
218
00:18:05,884 --> 00:18:07,784
Got a bad fire!
219
00:18:46,625 --> 00:18:49,492
I'm going now, Mr. Shea.
Is there anything I can get you?
220
00:18:49,594 --> 00:18:52,188
You believe in time travel,
Kathy?
221
00:18:52,330 --> 00:18:55,925
I mean, if you could
go back in time.
222
00:18:56,067 --> 00:18:58,365
What would you do?
223
00:18:59,304 --> 00:19:02,899
I mean, I'd be on that spacecraft
for the test.
224
00:19:04,843 --> 00:19:06,743
That's where I'd be.
225
00:19:11,549 --> 00:19:13,107
Good night, sir.
226
00:19:25,030 --> 00:19:28,761
Next is TPS4CM183.
227
00:19:28,867 --> 00:19:32,530
Item 1018. Panel 209 mount:
upper right.
228
00:19:33,972 --> 00:19:36,406
Panel 209 mount:
upper right.
229
00:19:42,514 --> 00:19:45,210
Counterclockwise rotation.
Twenty-two pounds torque.
230
00:19:49,988 --> 00:19:51,888
Release at 22.5.
231
00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:57,924
Confirmed. Panel 209 mount:
upper right.
232
00:19:58,029 --> 00:20:00,054
Threading intact.
No visible marking.
233
00:20:02,100 --> 00:20:04,762
22.5. Noted.
234
00:20:04,903 --> 00:20:07,064
Hold on. I think you're
gonna want to see this.
235
00:20:10,475 --> 00:20:12,375
It's a socket wrench.
236
00:20:13,511 --> 00:20:16,446
We found it behind the panel door.
237
00:20:16,581 --> 00:20:19,516
Must have been left there
by one of the North American workmen.
238
00:20:19,651 --> 00:20:21,551
There's no other
reasonable explanation for it.
239
00:20:22,387 --> 00:20:24,287
Socket wrench?
240
00:20:25,890 --> 00:20:27,380
Did it have anything to do
with the fire?
241
00:20:28,727 --> 00:20:31,025
We haven't finished our analysis,
but I'd have to say no.
242
00:20:31,129 --> 00:20:34,394
That's a long way away from where
we think that fire started.
243
00:20:34,499 --> 00:20:37,730
But it still shouldn't have been there,
should it?
244
00:20:38,603 --> 00:20:39,968
No, sir.
245
00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:45,003
I think we better hear
what North American has to say.
246
00:21:01,526 --> 00:21:02,823
Gentlemen.
247
00:21:02,927 --> 00:21:05,862
This is off the record.
248
00:21:05,964 --> 00:21:08,933
First off, I want to thank Stormy
and Joe for coming to talk to us.
249
00:21:09,067 --> 00:21:11,627
We're going to be writing this report
in the next three weeks...
250
00:21:11,770 --> 00:21:15,137
and we have some questions for you
that might help us clear some things up.
251
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,902
Stormy, let's start with you.
252
00:21:19,577 --> 00:21:22,171
- I'm sure you've seen this.
- Yes, I've seen that.
253
00:21:22,313 --> 00:21:24,679
Leaving that wrench
in those wires...
254
00:21:24,783 --> 00:21:26,375
was careless and sloppy.
255
00:21:26,518 --> 00:21:28,645
When we find the person responsible...
256
00:21:28,787 --> 00:21:32,188
we're going to make our displeasure
known in the strongest possible way.
257
00:21:32,323 --> 00:21:33,813
But we all know that that wrench...
258
00:21:33,958 --> 00:21:36,620
had absolutely nothing
to do with the fire.
259
00:21:43,568 --> 00:21:47,060
A number of people have told me
Gus wasn't happy with North American.
260
00:21:48,339 --> 00:21:50,967
When he made suggestions
or had complaints...
261
00:21:51,109 --> 00:21:52,872
he didn't think
he was being listened to.
262
00:21:52,977 --> 00:21:55,002
We listened at first.
263
00:21:55,146 --> 00:21:57,580
But after a while,
we had to stop listening.
264
00:21:57,682 --> 00:22:00,583
The good old days
of Mercury and Gemini are gone.
265
00:22:00,685 --> 00:22:03,279
On Gemini, if you wanted to make
a change in the spacecraft...
266
00:22:03,421 --> 00:22:05,480
all you had to do was
call up old man McDonnell.
267
00:22:05,623 --> 00:22:09,024
Right? Well, you can't do that
on Apollo. You know that.
268
00:22:09,127 --> 00:22:12,358
The smallest change
has huge ramifications.
269
00:22:12,464 --> 00:22:15,524
Mercury missions. You launched,
orbited, came back down.
270
00:22:15,667 --> 00:22:18,636
Hell, you could hold your breath
through some of those flights.
271
00:22:18,770 --> 00:22:20,761
We're going to the moon now.
272
00:22:20,905 --> 00:22:23,533
So if the accusation is
we haven't done everything...
273
00:22:23,675 --> 00:22:25,575
that you astronauts
have asked us to do...
274
00:22:25,677 --> 00:22:27,770
all I can say is,
"Guilty as charged!"
275
00:22:29,180 --> 00:22:31,876
No one's accusing you of anything.
This isn't a court of law.
276
00:22:32,016 --> 00:22:34,450
You're damn right.
It's an ambush!
277
00:22:34,552 --> 00:22:36,349
You say you've got questions
for Joe and me.
278
00:22:36,454 --> 00:22:39,787
Why do I think there aren't gonna be
too many questions for Joe?
279
00:22:39,891 --> 00:22:42,724
Because if you don't have any,
I've got a couple.
280
00:22:42,827 --> 00:22:45,557
You wanna tell them the real reason
for the wiring problems?
281
00:22:45,697 --> 00:22:47,824
How NASA keeps changing
mission requirements...
282
00:22:47,966 --> 00:22:51,333
yet you push us to meet
these arbitrary deadlines.
283
00:22:51,436 --> 00:22:54,200
We never made changes
regarding Velcro.
284
00:22:54,305 --> 00:22:55,499
What?
285
00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:58,803
There was not supposed to be more than
500 square inches of it in the cabin.
286
00:22:58,943 --> 00:23:01,741
You guys had
over 5,000 square inches in there.
287
00:23:01,846 --> 00:23:05,782
- I wasn't aware that was a problem.
- Of course you were aware!
288
00:23:05,917 --> 00:23:08,249
We talked about it
last August.
289
00:23:08,353 --> 00:23:10,287
You guys got any other complaints?
290
00:23:10,388 --> 00:23:12,856
No steering wheel, huh?
291
00:23:12,991 --> 00:23:15,255
How about the tinted windows,
maybe some power steering?
292
00:23:15,360 --> 00:23:17,260
No, no problem.
293
00:23:17,362 --> 00:23:19,956
We do have a couple of other things
before we can take off.
294
00:23:20,098 --> 00:23:22,396
Check the fine print.
There's no warranty on this vehicle.
295
00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:24,934
As soon as we signed
the pink slip over, it was yours.
296
00:23:25,069 --> 00:23:27,503
- Caveat emptor, buddy.
- No, it's the Velcro.
297
00:23:27,639 --> 00:23:30,904
It's flammable and there's too much
of it inside. How did this happen?
298
00:23:31,009 --> 00:23:32,374
Talk to them. They're the ones
who put it there.
299
00:23:32,477 --> 00:23:35,913
When you get up in zero "G,"
crap starts floating around.
300
00:23:36,047 --> 00:23:39,642
But put a little on your pen
and on the bulkhead and, presto.
301
00:23:39,784 --> 00:23:43,276
Then maybe there's just
a few too many bits of it in there.
302
00:23:43,421 --> 00:23:45,321
So wherever Velcro is...
303
00:23:45,423 --> 00:23:49,018
there should be at least four inches
between it and any ignition source.
304
00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:50,821
Sure. Yeah.
305
00:23:50,962 --> 00:23:52,088
Other than that--
306
00:23:52,230 --> 00:23:55,358
Not one piece of Velcro
or anything flammable...
307
00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:58,094
was within four inches
of any ignition source.
308
00:23:58,236 --> 00:24:00,932
Not that it mattered. A ten-inch gap
wouldn't have been enough.
309
00:24:01,072 --> 00:24:03,438
The fire wasn't caused
by Velcro!
310
00:24:03,541 --> 00:24:05,975
It was caused by the use of 100%...
311
00:24:06,077 --> 00:24:08,944
pure goddamn oxygen
under pressure.
312
00:24:09,047 --> 00:24:11,038
North American was given
mission requirements.
313
00:24:11,182 --> 00:24:15,175
One of the requirements was a spacecraft
designed to operate filled with oxygen.
314
00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:17,311
And to do so
without exploding!
315
00:24:17,455 --> 00:24:22,085
I think it's time you and your friends
at NASA took a remedial math course.
316
00:24:22,227 --> 00:24:24,923
In space, the cabin was
supposed to contain...
317
00:24:25,063 --> 00:24:28,123
five pounds per square inch
of pure oxygen, right?
318
00:24:28,266 --> 00:24:31,827
Fine. So we built it
to those specifications.
319
00:24:31,970 --> 00:24:33,733
But you weren't
conducting the test in space.
320
00:24:33,838 --> 00:24:35,738
You were conducting it
at sea level...
321
00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:39,105
where the atmospheric pressure
is already 14.8.
322
00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:41,508
That means that
in order to simulate...
323
00:24:41,613 --> 00:24:44,912
the positive pressure of space flight,
you had to add some p.s.i.
324
00:24:45,016 --> 00:24:47,211
You guys tanked up that spacecraft...
325
00:24:47,352 --> 00:24:50,753
with almost 17 pounds per square inch
of pure oxygen.
326
00:24:50,855 --> 00:24:54,518
At 17 p.s.i. pure oxygen,
Velcro explodes.
327
00:24:54,659 --> 00:24:56,354
The fact remains,
we conducted...
328
00:24:56,494 --> 00:24:58,894
over 15,000 hours
of manned tests...
329
00:24:58,997 --> 00:25:02,364
with pressurized oxygen environments
without anything going wrong ever!
330
00:25:02,467 --> 00:25:04,094
Well, this time
something did go wrong.
331
00:25:04,235 --> 00:25:06,169
You told us there wouldn't be
any ignition sources!
332
00:25:06,304 --> 00:25:07,965
And we begged you not to test
in high pressure!
333
00:25:08,106 --> 00:25:10,097
All right.
334
00:25:18,316 --> 00:25:20,216
Sorry.
335
00:25:21,486 --> 00:25:24,478
Normally, Velcro is not
much of a fire risk.
336
00:25:24,622 --> 00:25:27,557
This is Velcro in air
at sea level.
337
00:25:27,692 --> 00:25:30,217
Under intense direct heat...
338
00:25:31,529 --> 00:25:35,124
it'll burn,
it'll melt.
339
00:25:35,266 --> 00:25:37,166
It will not support combustion.
340
00:25:39,203 --> 00:25:43,071
This is Velcro in an atmosphere
of 100%oxygen.
341
00:25:53,117 --> 00:25:55,950
As for the spark that started it.
342
00:25:56,054 --> 00:25:59,148
From our fire propagation test
and analysis of the spacecraft...
343
00:25:59,290 --> 00:26:01,758
we believe the fire
started down here.
344
00:26:02,660 --> 00:26:05,390
Because of the severity of the fire
damage in this part of the spacecraft...
345
00:26:05,530 --> 00:26:07,964
we'll never know for certain
how the fire started.
346
00:26:08,066 --> 00:26:10,899
Our best guess is...
347
00:26:11,002 --> 00:26:14,904
that a wire was resting against
the inside of this panel door here.
348
00:26:15,039 --> 00:26:17,507
After the door opened and shut
a few times...
349
00:26:17,642 --> 00:26:20,577
the Teflon insulation
became abraded in two spots.
350
00:26:22,113 --> 00:26:25,549
When the current went through the wire,
there was an arc and--
351
00:26:27,852 --> 00:26:29,752
You've heard the rest.
352
00:26:30,888 --> 00:26:33,789
You're saying the fire
was the result of frayed wiring?
353
00:26:34,625 --> 00:26:35,557
Yes.
354
00:26:53,611 --> 00:26:56,136
Disassembly of the Apollo 1
command module...
355
00:26:56,280 --> 00:26:58,180
was completed
at the Kennedy Space Center...
356
00:26:58,282 --> 00:27:02,912
on March 27, 1967,
during the first shift.
357
00:27:29,914 --> 00:27:33,179
You keep working these hours,
you're gonna have a heart attack.
358
00:27:33,284 --> 00:27:36,845
- Did you read this thing?
- It's 2,300 pages.
359
00:27:36,988 --> 00:27:39,149
They're nailing us. They're saying
it was all our fault.
360
00:27:39,290 --> 00:27:41,884
There's a couple of references
to the fact that maybe...
361
00:27:42,026 --> 00:27:44,620
testing in highly pressurized
pure oxygen might be a bit dangerous...
362
00:27:44,762 --> 00:27:46,696
but other than that,
we get our butt kicked.
363
00:27:46,831 --> 00:27:48,492
- We gotta let 'em know--
- No, we don't.
364
00:27:48,633 --> 00:27:51,329
- We're not just gonna take this?
- Yes, we are.
365
00:27:51,469 --> 00:27:55,371
We have got files filled with memos
begging them not to test like that.
366
00:27:55,473 --> 00:27:58,067
We are going to forget
about those files.
367
00:27:58,209 --> 00:28:01,007
We can't blame NASA.
368
00:28:01,112 --> 00:28:04,081
We make NASA look bad,
they could cancel the whole program.
369
00:28:04,215 --> 00:28:07,116
Mondale's looking for any excuse
to shut it down.
370
00:28:08,319 --> 00:28:11,254
This way, we take a few hits...
371
00:28:11,355 --> 00:28:13,118
but the program rolls on.
372
00:28:13,224 --> 00:28:16,887
- With a new contractor.
- It's too late to get a new contractor.
373
00:28:17,028 --> 00:28:19,428
Kennedy promised the moon
by the end of the decade.
374
00:28:19,530 --> 00:28:22,522
They switch contractors now,
they can forget about that.
375
00:28:22,667 --> 00:28:25,966
And if it looks like
they're gonna miss Kennedy's goal...
376
00:28:26,070 --> 00:28:28,038
public sentiment will evaporate...
377
00:28:28,172 --> 00:28:30,436
and Congress will pull the plug.
378
00:28:30,541 --> 00:28:32,441
They can't replace us.
379
00:28:33,244 --> 00:28:35,405
We put our cap in our hands,
beg forgiveness...
380
00:28:35,546 --> 00:28:37,673
and we promise
it will never happen again.
381
00:28:37,815 --> 00:28:40,249
We do not fight back.
382
00:28:43,354 --> 00:28:46,619
And we forget those files exist.
383
00:28:52,563 --> 00:28:54,463
What files?
384
00:28:57,668 --> 00:28:59,568
He must be loving this.
385
00:28:59,670 --> 00:29:01,467
- Who?
- Joe Shea.
386
00:29:01,572 --> 00:29:04,939
I can't believe how he's been able to
skate through all this unscathed.
387
00:29:06,711 --> 00:29:08,611
That's not what I hear.
388
00:29:10,515 --> 00:29:14,576
From what I hear,
Joe has been anything but...
389
00:29:14,719 --> 00:29:16,152
unscathed.
390
00:29:17,188 --> 00:29:20,055
I'm okay. I'm fine.
391
00:29:20,892 --> 00:29:23,861
It's just that we got
a lot of people worried about you.
392
00:29:23,995 --> 00:29:25,053
Yeah? Well.
393
00:29:26,197 --> 00:29:27,596
I'm just a little overtired.
394
00:29:28,966 --> 00:29:31,491
Hey, I know.
Hell, we're all feelin' the pressure.
395
00:29:31,636 --> 00:29:33,467
Did you hear about Ron Tucker?
396
00:29:33,571 --> 00:29:35,630
Got up in the middle
of a review board meeting...
397
00:29:35,773 --> 00:29:40,176
and started drawing an organizational
chart of heaven on the blackboard.
398
00:29:40,278 --> 00:29:43,179
At the top goes God,
who we'll call "Big Daddy."
399
00:29:44,749 --> 00:29:47,582
Ron's eating soft food
in a soft room now...
400
00:29:47,685 --> 00:29:49,380
but at least he's alive.
401
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:51,579
Quality control inspector
out at the Cape...
402
00:29:51,722 --> 00:29:54,122
that drove his whole family
out in front of a train...
403
00:29:55,293 --> 00:29:57,193
wasn't so lucky.
404
00:29:58,296 --> 00:29:59,558
You, uh--
405
00:29:59,664 --> 00:30:01,996
You don't think I'm gonna snap
like that, do you?
406
00:30:03,367 --> 00:30:05,267
I don't know.
407
00:30:07,371 --> 00:30:09,805
A lot of people
heard you say that...
408
00:30:09,907 --> 00:30:12,341
you wished you'd been
in the spacecraft with the guys.
409
00:30:12,443 --> 00:30:14,877
I'm not sayin' that I wish
I was dead.
410
00:30:15,980 --> 00:30:19,143
That's not
what I'm saying at all.
411
00:30:19,283 --> 00:30:21,342
It's just--
412
00:30:25,122 --> 00:30:26,885
Forget it.
413
00:30:26,991 --> 00:30:28,117
What do they want me to do?
414
00:30:28,259 --> 00:30:29,817
- Who?
- The three wise men.
415
00:30:29,961 --> 00:30:31,861
Webb, Seamans, Mueller.
416
00:30:31,963 --> 00:30:35,592
They think I've gone over the edge.
What would they like me to do?
417
00:30:36,434 --> 00:30:37,958
I don't know.
418
00:30:38,102 --> 00:30:40,229
I'll tell you what I think
you should do.
419
00:30:40,371 --> 00:30:41,895
Take a break.
420
00:30:42,039 --> 00:30:46,135
Just a leave of absence.
A couple of weeks and get some rest.
421
00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:50,979
Come on, Joe.
422
00:30:52,116 --> 00:30:55,483
- You said yourself you were overtired.
- I got a lot of work to do.
423
00:30:55,586 --> 00:30:57,554
You see that desk there?
424
00:30:59,457 --> 00:31:01,288
Then maybe--
425
00:31:01,392 --> 00:31:04,884
I just think maybe
you oughta just talk to somebody.
426
00:31:07,698 --> 00:31:10,098
Maybe see a psychiatrist.
427
00:31:12,937 --> 00:31:14,928
You really do
think I've cracked.
428
00:31:15,072 --> 00:31:17,632
It's just to put
everybody's mind at ease.
429
00:31:17,775 --> 00:31:20,209
Fine, I'll see a psychiatrist.
A couple of psychiatrists.
430
00:31:20,344 --> 00:31:22,437
Why don't you bring on
a whole platoon of psychiatrists?
431
00:31:22,580 --> 00:31:26,346
But I'm not leaving the program
voluntarily till we get to the moon!
432
00:31:30,454 --> 00:31:32,354
I'm gonna come right to the point.
433
00:31:32,456 --> 00:31:34,924
We got letters
from the two psychiatrists.
434
00:31:35,059 --> 00:31:37,084
It seems--
435
00:31:37,228 --> 00:31:39,856
It seems like you passed
with flyin' colors.
436
00:31:39,997 --> 00:31:43,433
One of those psychiatrists complained
that seein' you was a waste of time.
437
00:31:45,436 --> 00:31:49,270
I don't want you to think that this
reflects on what I think of you.
438
00:31:49,373 --> 00:31:53,434
I honestly feel you're the most
valuable man in NASA today.
439
00:31:53,577 --> 00:31:57,104
And that's why I'm gonna say
what I'm gonna say.
440
00:32:00,384 --> 00:32:02,852
NASA is about more...
441
00:32:02,987 --> 00:32:04,545
than just goin' to the moon.
442
00:32:04,689 --> 00:32:08,716
We got the space station to think about
and the manned mission to Mars.
443
00:32:08,859 --> 00:32:10,724
I want you to be
part of all of that.
444
00:32:11,629 --> 00:32:13,324
It's time you left
the detail work behind...
445
00:32:13,464 --> 00:32:16,331
got involved in making policy.
446
00:32:16,434 --> 00:32:18,425
I want you to join me
here in Washington.
447
00:32:18,569 --> 00:32:22,630
You won't have to report to anyone
except maybe me.
448
00:32:23,841 --> 00:32:24,739
What do you say?
449
00:32:26,277 --> 00:32:28,211
What do I say?
450
00:32:28,312 --> 00:32:29,973
How soon you want me?
451
00:32:30,114 --> 00:32:32,776
- How does now sound?
- That sounds great.
452
00:32:32,917 --> 00:32:34,111
We got kids in school--
453
00:32:34,251 --> 00:32:36,185
You don't have to decide
right now.
454
00:32:36,320 --> 00:32:38,788
Go back to the hotel,
phone your wife, talk about it.
455
00:32:38,923 --> 00:32:41,483
I'll call you tomorrow.
All right?
456
00:32:42,226 --> 00:32:43,124
Thanks.
457
00:32:44,061 --> 00:32:45,119
Call you tomorrow.
458
00:32:57,608 --> 00:33:00,236
- You talk to Joe?
- Yeah.
459
00:33:00,377 --> 00:33:01,901
- Did he bite?
- Mm-hmm.
460
00:33:02,046 --> 00:33:05,015
And I feel like a complete
and utter heel.
461
00:33:05,149 --> 00:33:08,277
It had to be done. We had to get him
outta the way before the hearings.
462
00:33:08,419 --> 00:33:10,614
- They'd have torn him to shreds.
- I don't know.
463
00:33:10,755 --> 00:33:13,451
Maybe these hearings aren't gonna be
as horrible as we think.
464
00:33:13,591 --> 00:33:15,320
I'll see you in the mornin'.
465
00:33:16,627 --> 00:33:18,390
Going back to your statement,
Dr. Mueller...
466
00:33:19,230 --> 00:33:22,222
I think I understood you to say
there were nearly 500 inspectors...
467
00:33:22,366 --> 00:33:24,800
in the Apollo program
at the Cape.
468
00:33:25,970 --> 00:33:26,868
Yes.
469
00:33:26,971 --> 00:33:29,405
Now, for the life of me...
470
00:33:29,507 --> 00:33:32,806
I cannot understand
with all those people...
471
00:33:32,910 --> 00:33:36,676
how a socket wrench could have gone
undetected in the capsule...
472
00:33:36,781 --> 00:33:39,181
from October until January 27.
473
00:33:46,524 --> 00:33:49,152
You're saying it was not
because NASA was in a hurry.
474
00:33:49,293 --> 00:33:51,261
The contractor is responsible
in some measure.
475
00:33:51,395 --> 00:33:52,293
Wasn't that a failure?
476
00:33:52,396 --> 00:33:56,025
Did you ever consider cancellation
of North American's contract?
477
00:33:56,167 --> 00:33:58,533
Wouldn't you say
they were negligent?
478
00:33:58,636 --> 00:34:02,299
Sir, I have not found anyone
at North American or NASA...
479
00:34:02,439 --> 00:34:05,033
who would not give anything they had
to prevent what happened.
480
00:34:05,176 --> 00:34:07,701
But there was negligence
on the part of North American...
481
00:34:07,845 --> 00:34:10,006
was there not?
482
00:34:10,147 --> 00:34:12,707
I don't see how you can
call what they did negligence...
483
00:34:12,850 --> 00:34:15,785
unless you mean that
a company is negligent...
484
00:34:15,886 --> 00:34:18,411
if 100%of its work
is not done without a mistake.
485
00:34:18,556 --> 00:34:21,047
As someone
with extensive experience...
486
00:34:21,192 --> 00:34:23,092
in testing experimental aircraft...
487
00:34:23,194 --> 00:34:26,254
I can tell you that that standard
is just not achievable.
488
00:34:27,398 --> 00:34:31,994
So I don't feel that "negligence"
is the proper word.
489
00:34:32,136 --> 00:34:33,068
Thank you, Senator.
490
00:34:34,638 --> 00:34:35,832
Senator Mondale.
491
00:34:37,374 --> 00:34:38,841
It seems that...
492
00:34:38,976 --> 00:34:41,604
my colleagues have asked
all the questions I was going to ask.
493
00:34:44,849 --> 00:34:45,747
Except one.
494
00:34:47,551 --> 00:34:52,045
I have been told, and I would like to
have this set straight if I'm wrong...
495
00:34:52,189 --> 00:34:56,592
that there was a report
prepared for NASA by General Phillips...
496
00:34:56,694 --> 00:34:58,093
in mid or late 1965...
497
00:34:58,195 --> 00:35:01,824
which very strongly criticized
the Apollo program...
498
00:35:01,966 --> 00:35:05,367
for what were regarded
as very serious inadequacies...
499
00:35:05,469 --> 00:35:07,061
in terms of quality control.
500
00:35:10,708 --> 00:35:12,903
Would you comment on that?
501
00:35:14,044 --> 00:35:16,444
Was there a Phillips report?
502
00:35:17,548 --> 00:35:18,606
Would you comment on that?
503
00:35:23,654 --> 00:35:25,212
I'm not aware of it, sir.
504
00:35:26,190 --> 00:35:28,522
Is it then your testimony
that no such unusual...
505
00:35:28,626 --> 00:35:31,720
General Phillips report existed?
506
00:35:31,862 --> 00:35:34,660
Is this rumor unfounded?
507
00:35:35,666 --> 00:35:37,566
That's something
we gotta take a look at.
508
00:35:42,439 --> 00:35:43,997
Let us look it up, sir.
509
00:35:44,141 --> 00:35:45,699
Is there somethin' somebody
forgot to tell me?
510
00:35:45,843 --> 00:35:48,209
- It was a memo. It wasn't a big deal.
- It is now!
511
00:35:48,312 --> 00:35:50,780
It came out of the Tiger Team audit
from North American.
512
00:35:50,915 --> 00:35:53,907
- It's old news.
- It's gonna be damaging to us!
513
00:35:54,051 --> 00:35:58,112
"I heard a rumor." Rumor, my foot.
Probably got a copy in his hand.
514
00:35:58,255 --> 00:36:00,917
The only reason he didn't throw it
in front of me like Perry Mason...
515
00:36:01,058 --> 00:36:03,253
is because he knows
the fool thing is classified!
516
00:36:04,862 --> 00:36:07,023
He's gonna kill us.
517
00:36:07,164 --> 00:36:10,224
We're dead before we even got
off the damn launchpad.
518
00:36:10,367 --> 00:36:12,301
We still don't know
what Anderson's thinking.
519
00:36:12,403 --> 00:36:14,496
He can steer the committee
any way he wants.
520
00:36:14,638 --> 00:36:17,698
Where were you this morning?
He's got us twisting in the wind.
521
00:36:17,841 --> 00:36:20,401
It's understandable. Clinton Anderson
has to worry about getting reelected...
522
00:36:20,544 --> 00:36:22,171
just like everybody else.
523
00:36:23,747 --> 00:36:25,339
Who's left to testify?
524
00:36:25,482 --> 00:36:28,110
Lee Atwood and some of the folks
from North American.
525
00:36:28,252 --> 00:36:30,777
They're gonna get torn to pieces
right after lunch.
526
00:36:30,921 --> 00:36:32,786
And then there's some members
of the review board.
527
00:36:32,890 --> 00:36:35,791
- Borman?
- Frank's goin' at the end.
528
00:36:35,893 --> 00:36:37,724
That's good.
Everybody loves an astronaut.
529
00:36:37,828 --> 00:36:39,420
Come on.
Are you kidding me?
530
00:36:39,563 --> 00:36:42,031
You really think Frank Borman
is gonna paint a rosy picture?
531
00:36:42,166 --> 00:36:43,997
It could have been him
in that spacecraft and he knows it.
532
00:36:44,101 --> 00:36:45,728
You're right.
533
00:36:45,869 --> 00:36:47,496
Where you goin'?
534
00:36:47,638 --> 00:36:49,731
I'm gonna do the only thing
left for me to do.
535
00:36:49,873 --> 00:36:50,771
Beg for mercy.
536
00:36:52,543 --> 00:36:54,568
I'm sorry, Mr. Webb,
but I've got a job to do.
537
00:36:54,712 --> 00:36:57,010
And I'm going to do it.
538
00:36:57,114 --> 00:36:59,548
With all due humility,
Senator...
539
00:36:59,650 --> 00:37:01,550
what did we do wrong?
540
00:37:01,652 --> 00:37:03,051
That's what I'm going to find out.
541
00:37:03,153 --> 00:37:05,053
Why are you so down on us?
542
00:37:06,190 --> 00:37:08,818
You and I are both Democrats.
543
00:37:08,959 --> 00:37:11,325
Going to the moon
was Kennedy's dream.
544
00:37:11,428 --> 00:37:13,555
It was one of his dreams.
Jack Kennedy had a lot of dreams.
545
00:37:14,765 --> 00:37:16,596
Do you really want to
kill Apollo?
546
00:37:18,869 --> 00:37:20,700
I'll tell you what I want,
Mr. Webb.
547
00:37:20,804 --> 00:37:24,433
I want there to be no American children
going hungry in any of our cities.
548
00:37:24,575 --> 00:37:27,373
I want to do something about our boys
dying halfway around the world.
549
00:37:28,045 --> 00:37:29,706
I want to do a lot of things.
550
00:37:29,847 --> 00:37:32,111
And if getting what I want
means we don't go to the moon...
551
00:37:33,217 --> 00:37:34,616
then so be it.
552
00:38:05,549 --> 00:38:08,143
Colonel Borman, would you have
entered the spacecraft...
553
00:38:08,285 --> 00:38:10,981
on the morning of the accident
if your turn had been called?
554
00:38:11,989 --> 00:38:13,149
Yes, sir.
555
00:38:13,290 --> 00:38:15,190
Would you have had
any hesitancy?
556
00:38:18,929 --> 00:38:21,261
Were there defects in workmanship?
557
00:38:22,232 --> 00:38:22,891
There were.
558
00:38:23,834 --> 00:38:26,462
Did these defects
go beyond workmanship?
559
00:38:26,603 --> 00:38:29,436
Yes, sir, there were
defects in design.
560
00:38:31,141 --> 00:38:34,770
If you had entered the spacecraft
on that morning...
561
00:38:34,912 --> 00:38:37,847
would you have been motivated
by a desire to take risks?
562
00:38:42,019 --> 00:38:43,919
Sometimes there are...
563
00:38:44,021 --> 00:38:49,391
romantic, silk-scarfed notions
attributed to this business...
564
00:38:49,493 --> 00:38:51,393
but we're professionals.
565
00:38:51,495 --> 00:38:53,360
We will accept risk, certainly...
566
00:38:53,464 --> 00:38:54,624
but not undue risk.
567
00:38:54,765 --> 00:38:56,357
Let me rephrase the question.
568
00:38:57,301 --> 00:38:58,825
Knowing what you know now...
569
00:38:58,969 --> 00:39:01,460
would you have entered
that spacecraft?
570
00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:12,041
How did Commander Grissom
and his crew...
571
00:39:12,182 --> 00:39:14,548
feel about the readiness
of the vehicle?
572
00:39:14,651 --> 00:39:17,142
I talked to Ed White
shortly before the accident.
573
00:39:18,989 --> 00:39:21,719
He thought they were over most of
their problems and were on their way.
574
00:39:21,859 --> 00:39:25,056
Didn't Commander Grissom
once hang a lemon...
575
00:39:25,195 --> 00:39:27,095
on the simulator?
576
00:39:29,633 --> 00:39:31,726
You had to know Gus.
577
00:39:31,869 --> 00:39:34,030
Did Commander Grissom
hang a lemon on the simulator?
578
00:39:35,172 --> 00:39:36,070
Yes, sir.
579
00:39:36,173 --> 00:39:38,767
Tell us about him, Colonel.
580
00:39:40,077 --> 00:39:42,170
Sorry. I just have
a couple of quick questions.
581
00:39:42,312 --> 00:39:44,041
Will you yield
for a minute or two?
582
00:39:44,181 --> 00:39:45,910
- Actually, Mr. Chairman, I--
- Thanks.
583
00:39:51,522 --> 00:39:53,990
You just said
"You had to know Gus."
584
00:39:55,392 --> 00:39:57,417
I think that's been
missing in here...
585
00:39:57,561 --> 00:39:59,495
this past two days.
586
00:39:59,596 --> 00:40:02,258
I'd like for the record
to contain at least a little bit...
587
00:40:02,399 --> 00:40:05,300
about the men who perished
in that fire.
588
00:40:05,402 --> 00:40:07,063
Could you do that for us?
589
00:40:13,443 --> 00:40:17,174
Gus Grissom was the first astronaut
to be asked to fly three times.
590
00:40:17,281 --> 00:40:19,374
Mercury, Gemini and Apollo.
591
00:40:19,516 --> 00:40:21,416
He loved being an astronaut.
592
00:40:22,519 --> 00:40:26,478
Except for the publicity and being on
display that comes with the job.
593
00:40:28,625 --> 00:40:32,755
There are no front windows on the house
he built for Betty in Timber Cove...
594
00:40:32,896 --> 00:40:36,297
because he didn't want
people looking in.
595
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:39,597
If that gives you the impression that
Gus was a cranky S.O.B....
596
00:40:39,736 --> 00:40:42,466
well, he was at times.
597
00:40:43,974 --> 00:40:46,534
But I would have
trusted him with my life.
598
00:40:48,879 --> 00:40:51,814
Ed White was...
599
00:40:51,949 --> 00:40:53,940
a big man for an astronaut.
600
00:40:54,084 --> 00:40:56,518
A shade under six feet.
601
00:40:56,620 --> 00:40:58,349
Exceptional athlete.
602
00:40:58,488 --> 00:41:02,390
As you all know, Ed was
the first American to walk in space.
603
00:41:04,595 --> 00:41:06,961
There was a story going around...
604
00:41:07,064 --> 00:41:10,761
that when he was on his space walk,
he stayed out after being ordered in...
605
00:41:10,901 --> 00:41:12,801
because he was having
such a good time.
606
00:41:14,671 --> 00:41:15,899
It's a funny story...
607
00:41:16,039 --> 00:41:18,974
but it would have meant
that Ed White disobeyed an order.
608
00:41:21,078 --> 00:41:23,046
Not gonna happen.
609
00:41:23,180 --> 00:41:24,807
Ed was a West Point man...
610
00:41:24,948 --> 00:41:27,940
and duty, honor, country...
611
00:41:28,085 --> 00:41:31,054
weren't just words to him,
they were him.
612
00:41:31,188 --> 00:41:33,088
He was one of my closest friends.
613
00:41:35,125 --> 00:41:37,025
Roger Chaffee I--
614
00:41:38,128 --> 00:41:40,289
I didn't know that well.
He was one of the new guys.
615
00:41:42,032 --> 00:41:43,932
Very energetic,
very excited.
616
00:41:46,069 --> 00:41:48,060
I heard a story about him though.
617
00:41:48,205 --> 00:41:50,605
He was out on Long Island
visiting the Grumman facility...
618
00:41:50,707 --> 00:41:53,835
where they're building
the descent stage for the lunar module.
619
00:41:53,977 --> 00:41:56,605
He saw a group of men
standing in a corner.
620
00:41:57,848 --> 00:42:00,681
He found out
these were the fellows...
621
00:42:00,784 --> 00:42:03,514
that make the tools
that make the machines.
622
00:42:04,688 --> 00:42:09,125
None of the bigwigs escorted through
there ever talked to these guys.
623
00:42:09,259 --> 00:42:14,094
But Roger made them feel like
the most important part of the program.
624
00:42:22,039 --> 00:42:24,599
This isn't a court of law,
so I can ask you something...
625
00:42:24,741 --> 00:42:27,266
that's completely hypothetical.
626
00:42:28,745 --> 00:42:33,546
If we could somehow reach beyond
the wall of death...
627
00:42:33,650 --> 00:42:37,484
and talk to Grissom,
White and Chaffee...
628
00:42:37,587 --> 00:42:40,522
what do you imagine
they would say about the fire?
629
00:42:41,625 --> 00:42:45,061
I was hoping
someone would ask that.
630
00:42:45,195 --> 00:42:48,926
I don't know what
Roger or Ed would say...
631
00:42:50,634 --> 00:42:52,625
but I can let Gus
speak for himself.
632
00:42:52,769 --> 00:42:55,636
Back in January he talked
to a group of reporters.
633
00:42:55,739 --> 00:42:59,140
They asked him about the dangers
involved in going to the moon.
634
00:43:01,244 --> 00:43:04,407
The conquest of space
is worth the risk of life.
635
00:43:04,548 --> 00:43:07,540
Our God-given curiosity
will force us to go there ourselves...
636
00:43:07,684 --> 00:43:10,482
because, in the final analysis...
637
00:43:10,587 --> 00:43:12,555
only man can fully
evaluate the moon...
638
00:43:12,689 --> 00:43:15,214
in terms understandable
to other men.
639
00:43:18,395 --> 00:43:20,454
At the risk of being gruesome...
640
00:43:20,597 --> 00:43:23,498
we've heard about the fire
from everyone who was there.
641
00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:27,001
Everyone except the astronauts
themselves, of course.
642
00:43:28,338 --> 00:43:30,067
Can you tell us
what they went through?
643
00:43:30,207 --> 00:43:32,573
What it was like for them?
644
00:43:32,676 --> 00:43:36,271
I can only tell you what we know,
or at least what we think we know.
645
00:43:38,615 --> 00:43:41,140
When it happened they were waiting...
646
00:43:41,284 --> 00:43:43,184
for the test to resume.
647
00:43:53,163 --> 00:43:56,223
How are we gonna get to the moon if we
can't talk between three buildings?
648
00:44:00,170 --> 00:44:02,866
I can't hear a thing you're saying.
Jesus Christ.
649
00:44:03,006 --> 00:44:05,133
I said, how are we
gonna get to the moon...
650
00:44:05,275 --> 00:44:07,743
if we can't talk
between two or three buildings?
651
00:44:13,984 --> 00:44:15,884
They wouldn't have seen the spark
that started the fire...
652
00:44:15,986 --> 00:44:18,352
because it was
behind a panel door...
653
00:44:18,455 --> 00:44:20,047
down below Gus' feet.
654
00:44:20,190 --> 00:44:23,819
Because of the oxygen,
the spark was able to jump out...
655
00:44:23,960 --> 00:44:25,621
into the nylon netting
under the seats.
656
00:44:26,463 --> 00:44:29,330
Gus probably saw it first
because it was closest to him.
657
00:44:31,601 --> 00:44:32,499
Fire!
658
00:44:33,537 --> 00:44:35,630
We got a fire
in the cockpit!
659
00:44:36,540 --> 00:44:40,237
The procedure would have had Gus
push down Ed's headrest...
660
00:44:40,377 --> 00:44:43,107
so that Ed could start
turning the latch handle.
661
00:44:46,416 --> 00:44:48,145
We got a bad fire!
662
00:45:06,703 --> 00:45:08,170
We're burning up!
663
00:45:09,639 --> 00:45:12,938
By now the temperature
and the pressure were astronomical.
664
00:45:15,045 --> 00:45:15,909
Let's get out!
665
00:45:46,710 --> 00:45:48,109
Now.
666
00:45:49,212 --> 00:45:52,079
It just took me
a minute or more...
667
00:45:52,182 --> 00:45:54,673
to tell you all that.
668
00:45:54,818 --> 00:45:57,981
In actuality, from the first
mention of the fire....
669
00:45:58,121 --> 00:46:00,988
to the rupture of the hull,
only 15 seconds went by.
670
00:46:08,632 --> 00:46:09,929
What caused the fire?
671
00:46:10,033 --> 00:46:13,730
I'm not talking
about wires and oxygen.
672
00:46:13,870 --> 00:46:17,966
It seems that some people think that
NASA pressured North American...
673
00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:21,043
to meet unrealistic
and arbitrary deadlines...
674
00:46:21,177 --> 00:46:25,375
and that, in turn, North American
allowed safety to be compromised.
675
00:46:26,583 --> 00:46:29,848
I won't deny that there's been
pressure to meet deadlines...
676
00:46:29,986 --> 00:46:32,420
but safety has never been
intentionally compromised.
677
00:46:33,290 --> 00:46:34,689
Then what caused the fire?
678
00:46:37,494 --> 00:46:38,825
A failure of imagination.
679
00:46:40,597 --> 00:46:44,033
We've always known there was
the possibility of fire in a spacecraft.
680
00:46:44,167 --> 00:46:46,567
But the fear was that it would
happen in space...
681
00:46:46,670 --> 00:46:50,572
when you're 180 miles from terra firma
and the nearest fire station.
682
00:46:50,707 --> 00:46:52,197
That was the worry.
683
00:46:53,376 --> 00:46:55,810
No one ever imagined that
it would happen on the ground.
684
00:46:55,946 --> 00:46:59,507
If anyone had, the test would have been
classified as hazardous.
685
00:47:00,717 --> 00:47:03,447
But it wasn't.
We just didn't think of it.
686
00:47:05,622 --> 00:47:07,522
Whose fault is that?
687
00:47:09,125 --> 00:47:11,025
It's North American's fault.
688
00:47:12,162 --> 00:47:14,289
It's NASA's fault.
689
00:47:14,431 --> 00:47:17,832
It's the fault of every person
who ever worked on Apollo.
690
00:47:19,536 --> 00:47:21,367
It's my fault.
691
00:47:21,471 --> 00:47:23,371
I didn't think
the test was hazardous.
692
00:47:24,774 --> 00:47:26,674
No one did.
693
00:47:27,911 --> 00:47:29,811
I wish to God we had.
694
00:47:34,351 --> 00:47:37,252
Now before we all go home...
695
00:47:37,354 --> 00:47:39,822
is there any statement
you personally would like to make?
696
00:47:42,025 --> 00:47:45,859
I think I'm safe in speaking for all
the astronauts when I say that...
697
00:47:47,197 --> 00:47:48,596
we're confident in our management...
698
00:47:48,698 --> 00:47:51,132
we're confident in our training...
699
00:47:51,267 --> 00:47:54,964
in our engineering
and in ourselves.
700
00:47:55,105 --> 00:47:58,632
The real question is,
are you confident in us?
701
00:48:03,546 --> 00:48:05,639
What do you think we should do?
702
00:48:08,018 --> 00:48:10,714
I think you should
stop this witch hunt...
703
00:48:10,854 --> 00:48:13,220
and let us go to the moon.
704
00:48:15,492 --> 00:48:18,052
Please.
705
00:48:20,664 --> 00:48:21,562
Back to you.
706
00:48:23,166 --> 00:48:25,157
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
707
00:48:29,105 --> 00:48:30,572
I have nothing further.
708
00:48:31,441 --> 00:48:33,568
Thank you, Colonel.
709
00:48:53,897 --> 00:48:55,057
Those are beautiful.
710
00:48:55,198 --> 00:48:57,792
Well, thank you, dear.
711
00:48:57,934 --> 00:48:58,958
Who called?
712
00:49:02,405 --> 00:49:05,806
- He wants to see me.
- On a Sunday?
713
00:49:07,544 --> 00:49:09,273
I think this is it.
714
00:49:22,258 --> 00:49:24,453
I wanted to see it through
to the landing.
715
00:49:27,330 --> 00:49:28,592
Oh, damn it.
716
00:49:53,389 --> 00:49:55,857
- Yeah?
- There's a Mr. Storms to see you.
717
00:49:59,195 --> 00:50:01,220
They said I wouldn't have to
report to anyone.
718
00:50:01,364 --> 00:50:04,527
Trouble is there's no one
to report to me either.
719
00:50:04,667 --> 00:50:08,194
- What do you do?
- I go to the movies, museums.
720
00:50:08,338 --> 00:50:11,034
There's a lot of damn fine museums
in this town.
721
00:50:11,174 --> 00:50:13,369
- Did you know that?
- Yeah, I think I've heard that.
722
00:50:14,511 --> 00:50:17,309
- What's next?
- I'm gettin' out.
723
00:50:17,413 --> 00:50:20,814
Join a company in Boston.
How about you?
724
00:50:20,950 --> 00:50:24,010
They moved me over to the brake yard.
I'm still a V.P., but--
725
00:50:24,154 --> 00:50:27,783
I still talk with my old buddies
at the space division now and then.
726
00:50:27,924 --> 00:50:31,724
They say that things have
really improved since the fire.
727
00:50:31,828 --> 00:50:34,058
Everybody's working together
better than ever.
728
00:50:34,197 --> 00:50:37,166
There's a whole new sense of purpose,
sense of relief.
729
00:50:37,300 --> 00:50:38,892
Relief?
730
00:50:39,035 --> 00:50:41,435
Everyone knew an accident
was inevitable.
731
00:50:41,538 --> 00:50:42,436
I know.
732
00:50:42,539 --> 00:50:46,600
I talked to some UPI reporters
a couple of weeks before the fire.
733
00:50:46,743 --> 00:50:51,203
I said to them I believed some kind
of accident was probably inevitable.
734
00:50:52,715 --> 00:50:57,379
I also said I thought it would be harder
on those of us on the ground.
735
00:50:57,520 --> 00:51:00,887
The astronauts are dead,
God rest them...
736
00:51:00,990 --> 00:51:04,448
but we have to live with the knowledge
we could have done something different.
737
00:51:04,594 --> 00:51:06,494
There's nothing you could have done.
738
00:51:07,864 --> 00:51:10,799
I could have been
in the cockpit that day.
739
00:51:14,504 --> 00:51:19,305
Why is it every time I say that
people assume I mean I wish I were dead?
740
00:51:19,409 --> 00:51:22,401
The fire started
on the left side...
741
00:51:22,545 --> 00:51:24,342
below Gus' feet, right?
742
00:51:24,480 --> 00:51:26,471
If I'd been on the spacecraft
that day...
743
00:51:26,616 --> 00:51:28,550
I would have been lying
below the footrest...
744
00:51:28,685 --> 00:51:30,812
right there where it started.
745
00:51:30,954 --> 00:51:35,448
I figure I had a 50-50 chance of putting
it out before it got out of control.
746
00:51:35,592 --> 00:51:37,753
My years in flight test,
I saw a number of crews...
747
00:51:37,894 --> 00:51:39,384
slam into the desert floor.
748
00:51:41,331 --> 00:51:43,231
Too many.
749
00:51:43,333 --> 00:51:46,234
I love those guys, and each time
that happened I wanted to die.
750
00:51:47,403 --> 00:51:50,338
But I've learned
that you gotta let go...
751
00:51:50,473 --> 00:51:52,566
of the what ifs.
752
00:51:52,709 --> 00:51:54,700
They're meaningless.
753
00:51:54,844 --> 00:51:56,744
And they'll kill you.
754
00:51:58,147 --> 00:52:00,047
Yeah.
755
00:52:04,888 --> 00:52:06,822
Really meant a lot
your coming by.
756
00:52:06,923 --> 00:52:08,857
I know we didn't always
see eye to eye.
757
00:52:14,497 --> 00:52:15,987
I got mine up in the den.
758
00:52:16,132 --> 00:52:16,996
Yeah?
759
00:52:17,100 --> 00:52:19,000
I'm thinking about
the front hall.
760
00:52:20,737 --> 00:52:23,297
You had to know
it was Gus' idea.
761
00:52:31,014 --> 00:52:32,345
Take care.
762
00:52:32,448 --> 00:52:34,143
- Good luck.
- You too.
763
00:52:44,794 --> 00:52:47,661
Then that leaves only one
very important thing...
764
00:52:47,764 --> 00:52:50,289
which is, of course,
who's paying for dinner.
765
00:52:50,433 --> 00:52:52,333
North American, I guess.
766
00:52:53,436 --> 00:52:55,370
- That didn't take long.
- Wait, gentlemen.
767
00:52:55,471 --> 00:52:57,496
Before we go,
Roger, Ed and I...
768
00:52:57,640 --> 00:53:01,508
have a little presentation we'd
like to make to Joe and Stormy here.
769
00:53:01,611 --> 00:53:02,407
Oh, yeah?
770
00:53:02,545 --> 00:53:05,742
It's just a little something from us.
771
00:53:05,882 --> 00:53:08,578
From us to you.
A little something from the guys.
772
00:53:08,718 --> 00:53:11,084
Plain brown paper.
I'm a little nervous.
773
00:53:11,187 --> 00:53:13,246
Why am I frightened for my life?
774
00:53:13,389 --> 00:53:15,516
- Because you know us.
- It's not ticking, is it?
775
00:53:15,658 --> 00:53:17,683
Probably designs
for the power steering.
776
00:53:22,632 --> 00:53:23,530
That's great.
777
00:53:24,701 --> 00:53:27,397
That's very funny, you guys.
Thank you.
778
00:53:27,537 --> 00:53:29,971
- We have absolute faith in you.
- Yeah, right.
779
00:53:32,909 --> 00:53:34,843
Thank you.
That's very nice.
780
00:53:35,979 --> 00:53:38,311
"It isn't that we don't trust you,
Joe, but this time...
781
00:53:38,414 --> 00:53:40,006
we've decided to go over your head."
782
00:53:48,458 --> 00:53:50,858
I got a call
from some woman at NASA, Deke.
783
00:53:50,960 --> 00:53:53,724
They don't wanna call it Apollo 1
anymore because it never flew.
784
00:53:54,664 --> 00:53:56,598
They're gonna call it
Apollo 20--
785
00:53:56,699 --> 00:54:00,430
204. That was
the internal designation.
786
00:54:01,270 --> 00:54:04,205
It's like they already want people
to forget it happened.
787
00:54:08,578 --> 00:54:11,513
This is the reason
we wanted to see you.
788
00:54:14,884 --> 00:54:16,283
Open it.
789
00:54:22,291 --> 00:54:24,191
It's an astronaut pin.
790
00:54:27,930 --> 00:54:30,922
The guys knew you would never get into
space because of your heart problem...
791
00:54:31,067 --> 00:54:33,729
but they wanted you to know
they considered you...
792
00:54:33,870 --> 00:54:36,100
as much of an astronaut
as any of them.
793
00:54:38,474 --> 00:54:41,341
They were gonna give that to you
when they got back.
794
00:54:42,123 --> 00:54:45,237
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