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1
00:01:18,704 --> 00:01:20,739
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2
00:01:21,740 --> 00:01:22,942
Dr. Oppenheimer.
3
00:01:24,277 --> 00:01:25,878
As we begin, I believe you have
4
00:01:25,911 --> 00:01:27,913
a statement to read
into the record.
5
00:01:29,748 --> 00:01:30,950
Yes, Your Honor.
6
00:01:30,983 --> 00:01:33,086
We're not judges, Doctor.
7
00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:34,154
No.
8
00:01:35,255 --> 00:01:36,655
Of course.
9
00:01:41,861 --> 00:01:44,797
Members of the security board,
10
00:01:44,830 --> 00:01:47,134
the so-called
derogatory information
11
00:01:47,167 --> 00:01:50,070
in your indictment of me
cannot be fairly understood,
12
00:01:50,103 --> 00:01:53,939
except in the context
of my life and my work.
13
00:01:54,907 --> 00:01:57,144
How long did he testify?
14
00:01:57,177 --> 00:01:58,911
Honestly, I forget.
15
00:02:00,313 --> 00:02:02,282
The whole hearing took a month.
16
00:02:02,315 --> 00:02:03,749
An ordeal, hmm?
17
00:02:03,782 --> 00:02:05,452
Well, I've only
read the transcripts.
18
00:02:08,020 --> 00:02:09,755
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
19
00:02:09,788 --> 00:02:11,023
You weren't there?
20
00:02:11,057 --> 00:02:13,360
As chairman,
I wasn't allowed to be.
21
00:02:13,393 --> 00:02:15,961
Are they really
going to ask about it?
22
00:02:15,995 --> 00:02:18,098
-It was years ago.
-Four years ago...
23
00:02:18,131 --> 00:02:19,166
Five.
24
00:02:20,033 --> 00:02:21,767
Oppenheimer
still divides America.
25
00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:24,171
The committee is gonna want
to know where you stood.
26
00:02:24,204 --> 00:02:26,306
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
27
00:02:26,339 --> 00:02:28,175
not to feel that
you're on trial.
28
00:02:28,208 --> 00:02:31,744
Oh, funny, I didn't
till you just said that.
29
00:02:31,777 --> 00:02:33,380
-Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
30
00:02:33,413 --> 00:02:36,349
Um, Admiral Strauss.
This is a formality.
31
00:02:36,383 --> 00:02:38,884
President Eisenhower has asked
you to be in his cabinet.
32
00:02:38,918 --> 00:02:40,786
Senate really has no choice
but to confirm you.
33
00:02:40,819 --> 00:02:43,056
And if they bring up
Oppenheimer?
34
00:02:43,089 --> 00:02:45,458
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly.
35
00:02:45,492 --> 00:02:47,893
No senator can deny
you did your duty.
36
00:02:47,927 --> 00:02:50,063
It'll be uncomfortable.
37
00:02:50,096 --> 00:02:52,232
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
38
00:02:57,170 --> 00:02:59,872
Why did you leave
the United States?
39
00:03:01,974 --> 00:03:05,378
I, uh... I wanted to study
the new physics.
40
00:03:05,412 --> 00:03:06,946
Was there nowhere here?
41
00:03:06,979 --> 00:03:08,981
I thought Berkeley
had the leading
42
00:03:09,014 --> 00:03:10,849
theoretical physics department.
43
00:03:10,883 --> 00:03:13,453
Yes. Once I built it.
44
00:03:13,486 --> 00:03:15,088
But first I had to go to Europe.
45
00:03:15,121 --> 00:03:18,491
I went to Cambridge to study
under Patrick Blackett.
46
00:03:18,525 --> 00:03:21,127
Were you happier there
than in America?
47
00:03:21,161 --> 00:03:23,296
-Happier?
-Yes.
48
00:03:27,267 --> 00:03:30,270
No. No, I, uh...
49
00:03:33,273 --> 00:03:35,108
I was homesick, um...
50
00:03:35,975 --> 00:03:37,943
...emotionally immature...
51
00:03:39,112 --> 00:03:44,251
...troubled by visions
of a hidden universe.
52
00:03:55,295 --> 00:03:57,130
Useless in the lab.
53
00:04:02,168 --> 00:04:04,271
Christ, Oppenheimer.
54
00:04:04,304 --> 00:04:06,373
Have you had any sleep?
55
00:04:08,174 --> 00:04:09,409
Start again.
56
00:04:09,442 --> 00:04:11,944
I need to go
to the lecture, sir.
57
00:04:11,977 --> 00:04:13,380
Why?
58
00:04:13,413 --> 00:04:15,315
It's Niels Bohr.
59
00:04:18,118 --> 00:04:19,818
Damn, completely forgot.
60
00:04:19,852 --> 00:04:22,055
All right.
Let's go.
61
00:04:24,391 --> 00:04:26,293
Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer.
62
00:04:26,326 --> 00:04:27,427
You finish coating those plates.
63
00:04:27,460 --> 00:04:29,296
You see them?
64
00:04:34,867 --> 00:04:36,835
Don't forget to clean up!
65
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:11,937
Quantum physics
is not a step forward,
66
00:05:11,970 --> 00:05:15,475
it is a new way
to understand reality.
67
00:05:15,508 --> 00:05:19,079
Einstein's opened the door,
now we are peering through,
68
00:05:19,112 --> 00:05:22,014
seeing a world inside our world.
69
00:05:22,048 --> 00:05:27,454
A world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
70
00:06:09,562 --> 00:06:10,996
Yeah, definitely.
71
00:06:11,030 --> 00:06:12,399
Are you all right?
72
00:06:13,633 --> 00:06:15,468
Niels, meet
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
73
00:06:15,502 --> 00:06:17,002
What's the "J" stand for?
74
00:06:17,036 --> 00:06:19,004
Nothing, apparently.
75
00:06:19,038 --> 00:06:20,140
You were at my lecture.
76
00:06:20,173 --> 00:06:21,574
You asked
the only good question.
77
00:06:21,608 --> 00:06:23,343
No one's denying his insight.
78
00:06:23,376 --> 00:06:25,445
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
79
00:06:25,478 --> 00:06:27,313
I heard
you give the same lecture...
80
00:06:27,347 --> 00:06:30,550
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
81
00:06:30,583 --> 00:06:31,684
Why ask again?
82
00:06:31,718 --> 00:06:33,319
Hadn't liked your answer.
83
00:06:34,687 --> 00:06:36,423
Did you like it better
yesterday?
84
00:06:36,456 --> 00:06:37,724
A lot.
85
00:06:37,757 --> 00:06:39,659
You can lift the stone
without being ready
86
00:06:39,692 --> 00:06:42,061
for the snake that's revealed.
87
00:06:42,095 --> 00:06:44,230
Now it seems you're ready.
88
00:06:44,264 --> 00:06:46,566
But you don't enjoy the lab?
89
00:06:46,599 --> 00:06:49,469
So get out of Cambridge
with its beakers and potions.
90
00:06:49,502 --> 00:06:52,472
Go somewhere they let you think.
91
00:06:53,473 --> 00:06:55,108
Where?
92
00:06:55,742 --> 00:06:56,743
Göttingen.
93
00:06:56,776 --> 00:06:58,711
-Born?
-Born.
94
00:06:58,745 --> 00:07:00,713
Get to Germany,
study under Max Born.
95
00:07:00,747 --> 00:07:03,383
Learn the ways of theory.
96
00:07:03,416 --> 00:07:04,451
I'll send word.
97
00:07:06,085 --> 00:07:08,188
Wormhole.
98
00:07:08,221 --> 00:07:09,589
How's your mathematics?
99
00:07:09,622 --> 00:07:11,591
Not good enough for
the physicist he wants to be.
100
00:07:11,624 --> 00:07:14,194
Algebra's like sheet music.
101
00:07:14,227 --> 00:07:16,696
The important thing isn't
"Can you read music?"
102
00:07:16,729 --> 00:07:17,730
It's "Can you hear it?"
103
00:07:17,764 --> 00:07:21,067
Can you hear the music, Robert?
104
00:07:22,035 --> 00:07:23,603
Yes, I can.
105
00:08:59,332 --> 00:09:00,833
The senator from Wyoming.
106
00:09:01,801 --> 00:09:04,270
Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
107
00:09:04,304 --> 00:09:07,173
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
108
00:09:07,206 --> 00:09:08,808
You met him in 1947?
109
00:09:08,841 --> 00:09:09,809
Correct.
110
00:09:09,842 --> 00:09:11,611
You were commissioner
111
00:09:11,644 --> 00:09:13,212
of the Atomic Energy Commission?
112
00:09:13,246 --> 00:09:17,183
I was, but I-I actually
met Robert in my capacity
113
00:09:17,216 --> 00:09:19,886
as board member of the
Institute for Advanced Study
114
00:09:19,919 --> 00:09:21,721
at Princeton because
115
00:09:21,754 --> 00:09:24,390
after the war,
he was world-renowned
116
00:09:24,424 --> 00:09:26,826
as the great man of physics,
and I was determined
117
00:09:26,859 --> 00:09:29,562
to get him to run the Institute.
118
00:09:38,738 --> 00:09:41,808
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
119
00:09:41,841 --> 00:09:43,176
Mr. Strauss.
120
00:09:43,209 --> 00:09:44,510
It's pronounced "straws."
121
00:09:45,411 --> 00:09:46,879
Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer.
122
00:09:46,913 --> 00:09:48,781
Whatever way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
123
00:09:50,316 --> 00:09:52,919
I'm president of Temple Emanu-El
in Manhattan.
124
00:09:52,952 --> 00:09:55,221
"Straws" is just
the Southern pronunciation.
125
00:09:55,254 --> 00:09:56,289
-Ah.
-Anyway,
126
00:09:56,322 --> 00:09:57,757
welcome to the Institute.
127
00:09:57,790 --> 00:09:59,425
I think you could be
very happy here.
128
00:09:59,459 --> 00:10:01,394
Yes, well,
you'll love the commute.
129
00:10:01,427 --> 00:10:02,762
The position comes
with that house
130
00:10:02,795 --> 00:10:04,263
for you and your wife
131
00:10:04,297 --> 00:10:06,466
and your, is it two children?
132
00:10:06,499 --> 00:10:07,300
Yes, two.
133
00:10:07,333 --> 00:10:10,269
I'm a great admirer
of your work.
134
00:10:10,303 --> 00:10:12,505
And you're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
135
00:10:12,538 --> 00:10:14,607
I'm sorry, uh,
common room 4:00 tea.
136
00:10:14,641 --> 00:10:17,410
No, I'm not trained in physics
or anything else.
137
00:10:17,443 --> 00:10:19,278
-I'm a self-made man.
-Ah.
138
00:10:19,312 --> 00:10:21,314
-I can relate to that.
-Really?
139
00:10:21,347 --> 00:10:23,683
Yes, my father was one.
140
00:10:23,716 --> 00:10:27,286
And this would be your office.
141
00:10:36,462 --> 00:10:38,398
I'm told he's there
most afternoons.
142
00:10:38,431 --> 00:10:40,533
You know, I've always wondered
143
00:10:40,566 --> 00:10:44,170
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
144
00:10:44,937 --> 00:10:48,441
Greatest scientific mind
of our time.
145
00:10:48,474 --> 00:10:50,343
Of his time.
146
00:10:50,376 --> 00:10:52,412
Einstein published
his Theory of Relativity
147
00:10:52,445 --> 00:10:55,381
more than 40 years ago now.
148
00:10:56,449 --> 00:10:58,885
But never embraced
the quantum world it revealed.
149
00:10:58,918 --> 00:11:00,453
"God doesn't play dice."
150
00:11:00,486 --> 00:11:02,455
Precisely.
151
00:11:02,488 --> 00:11:05,291
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
152
00:11:05,324 --> 00:11:07,694
Well, I had offers,
but I chose to sell shoes.
153
00:11:07,727 --> 00:11:11,230
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
154
00:11:11,998 --> 00:11:13,900
No, just a shoe salesman.
155
00:11:13,933 --> 00:11:16,202
Huh.
156
00:11:17,470 --> 00:11:20,239
-I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
157
00:11:21,340 --> 00:11:22,809
I have known him for years.
158
00:11:44,031 --> 00:11:45,732
Albert.
159
00:11:50,336 --> 00:11:54,540
What was that?
What did you say to him?
160
00:11:56,676 --> 00:11:57,710
Oh, he's fine.
161
00:11:59,579 --> 00:12:02,882
Mr. Strauss,
there are things in my past
162
00:12:02,915 --> 00:12:04,417
you ought to be aware of.
163
00:12:04,450 --> 00:12:06,352
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
164
00:12:06,385 --> 00:12:07,854
I have access
to your security file.
165
00:12:07,887 --> 00:12:08,888
I've read it.
166
00:12:08,921 --> 00:12:10,490
-You're not worried?
-No.
167
00:12:10,523 --> 00:12:11,891
Why would I be worried
after everything
168
00:12:11,924 --> 00:12:13,392
you've done for your country?
169
00:12:13,426 --> 00:12:14,894
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
170
00:12:14,927 --> 00:12:16,763
Well, the purpose
of this institute
171
00:12:16,796 --> 00:12:19,465
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
172
00:12:20,399 --> 00:12:23,402
That's you.
You are the man for the job.
173
00:12:23,436 --> 00:12:26,039
Well, then I'll consider it.
174
00:12:26,073 --> 00:12:28,341
I'll see you
at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
175
00:12:32,745 --> 00:12:34,313
This is one
of the most prestigious
176
00:12:34,347 --> 00:12:36,083
appointments in the country.
177
00:12:36,116 --> 00:12:38,317
Yes, with a great commute.
178
00:12:38,351 --> 00:12:40,653
That's why I'm considering it.
179
00:12:40,686 --> 00:12:42,455
So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought
180
00:12:42,488 --> 00:12:44,891
your attention
to his past associations
181
00:12:44,924 --> 00:12:46,059
before you appointed him?
182
00:12:46,093 --> 00:12:47,527
Yes.
183
00:12:47,560 --> 00:12:49,395
And it didn't concern you?
184
00:12:49,428 --> 00:12:50,963
Just then,
I was entirely consumed
185
00:12:50,997 --> 00:12:54,767
with what he must have said
to Einstein to sour him on me.
186
00:12:58,371 --> 00:12:59,572
But later?
187
00:12:59,605 --> 00:13:01,541
Well, we all know
what happened later.
188
00:13:01,574 --> 00:13:03,943
Doctor, your, uh...
your time in Europe,
189
00:13:03,976 --> 00:13:05,545
you seemed to meet
with a wide range
190
00:13:05,578 --> 00:13:07,013
of other countries' physicists.
191
00:13:07,047 --> 00:13:08,048
Yes, that's right.
192
00:13:08,081 --> 00:13:10,349
Any Russians?
193
00:13:11,417 --> 00:13:12,852
None that spring to mind.
194
00:13:12,885 --> 00:13:15,788
If you'll just allow me to
continue with my statement...
195
00:13:15,822 --> 00:13:18,791
Mr. Robb, you'll have ample
opportunity to cross-examine.
196
00:13:21,028 --> 00:13:23,963
After Göttingen,
I moved on to Leiden in Holland
197
00:13:23,996 --> 00:13:27,034
where I first met Isidor Rabi.
198
00:13:27,067 --> 00:13:29,569
Excuse me.
199
00:13:33,506 --> 00:13:35,842
A Yank,
lecturing on the new physics?
200
00:13:35,875 --> 00:13:36,943
This I have to hear.
201
00:13:36,976 --> 00:13:39,011
I'm an American myself.
202
00:13:39,046 --> 00:13:40,546
How surprising.
203
00:13:40,580 --> 00:13:41,647
Um...
204
00:13:41,681 --> 00:13:43,950
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
205
00:13:57,930 --> 00:13:59,899
Wait, what's he saying?
206
00:14:10,443 --> 00:14:11,477
No, thank you.
207
00:14:11,510 --> 00:14:13,479
It's a long way to Zurich.
208
00:14:13,512 --> 00:14:15,148
You get any skinnier,
we're gonna lose you
209
00:14:15,182 --> 00:14:17,016
between the seat cushions.
210
00:14:17,050 --> 00:14:18,085
I'm Rabi.
211
00:14:18,118 --> 00:14:19,485
Oppenheimer.
212
00:14:19,518 --> 00:14:21,554
I caught your lecture
on molecules.
213
00:14:21,587 --> 00:14:22,722
Caught some of it.
214
00:14:23,856 --> 00:14:26,025
We're a couple of New York Jews.
How do you know Dutch?
215
00:14:26,059 --> 00:14:27,627
Well, I thought
I'd better learn it
216
00:14:27,660 --> 00:14:28,828
when I got here this semester.
217
00:14:28,861 --> 00:14:30,463
You learned enough Dutch
in six weeks
218
00:14:30,496 --> 00:14:32,199
to give a lecture
on quantum mechanics?
219
00:14:32,232 --> 00:14:33,733
Wanted to challenge myself.
220
00:14:33,766 --> 00:14:36,136
Quantum physics wasn't
challenging enough.
221
00:14:36,169 --> 00:14:37,904
-Schvitzer.
-Schvitzer?
222
00:14:37,937 --> 00:14:39,839
Show-off.
223
00:14:39,872 --> 00:14:41,707
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish?
224
00:14:41,741 --> 00:14:43,809
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
225
00:14:43,843 --> 00:14:44,911
Screw you.
226
00:14:46,012 --> 00:14:47,513
You homesick?
227
00:14:47,546 --> 00:14:48,948
Oh, you know it.
228
00:14:49,916 --> 00:14:52,919
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
229
00:14:52,952 --> 00:14:54,020
Physicists?
230
00:14:54,054 --> 00:14:55,554
'S funny.
231
00:14:55,588 --> 00:14:57,657
Not in the department.
232
00:14:57,690 --> 00:14:58,991
They're all Jewish too.
233
00:15:01,094 --> 00:15:02,495
Eat.
234
00:15:04,797 --> 00:15:06,933
There's a German
you have to seek out.
235
00:15:07,967 --> 00:15:10,503
-Heisenberg.
-Right.
236
00:15:19,679 --> 00:15:21,181
One might be led
to the presumption
237
00:15:21,214 --> 00:15:23,683
that behind the quantum world,
238
00:15:23,716 --> 00:15:27,586
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
239
00:15:27,620 --> 00:15:29,822
but such speculation seem to us,
240
00:15:29,855 --> 00:15:32,591
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
Thank you.
241
00:15:32,625 --> 00:15:34,061
Have a great day.
242
00:15:39,266 --> 00:15:40,967
-Wonderful.
-Thank you.
243
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:42,235
Dr. Oppenheimer.
244
00:15:42,269 --> 00:15:44,204
Oppenheimer, yes.
245
00:15:44,237 --> 00:15:46,106
I liked your paper on molecules.
246
00:15:46,139 --> 00:15:47,640
Probably because
you inspired it.
247
00:15:47,673 --> 00:15:49,176
If I inspire anything else,
let me know.
248
00:15:49,209 --> 00:15:50,243
We could publish together.
249
00:15:50,277 --> 00:15:52,112
I have to get back to America.
250
00:15:52,145 --> 00:15:53,879
Why? There's no one there
251
00:15:53,913 --> 00:15:56,116
taking quantum mechanics
seriously.
252
00:15:56,149 --> 00:15:57,750
That's exactly why.
253
00:15:57,783 --> 00:16:00,220
He's pining for the canyons
of Manhattan.
254
00:16:00,253 --> 00:16:02,688
Canyons of New Mexico.
255
00:16:02,722 --> 00:16:03,856
-You're from New Mexico?
-No.
256
00:16:03,889 --> 00:16:05,992
New York, but my brother
and I have a ranch
257
00:16:06,025 --> 00:16:08,128
outside Santa Fe.
258
00:16:08,161 --> 00:16:10,529
That's the America
I miss right now.
259
00:16:10,563 --> 00:16:12,631
Then it's best you get home,
cowboys.
260
00:16:12,665 --> 00:16:14,267
That's him.
261
00:16:14,301 --> 00:16:17,737
No, me and horses.
I don't think so.
262
00:16:17,770 --> 00:16:19,905
Nice to meet you.
263
00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:23,776
Did you ever encounter
Heisenberg again?
264
00:16:23,809 --> 00:16:26,712
Not in person, no, but, uh...
265
00:16:27,947 --> 00:16:30,050
...you might say
our paths crossed.
266
00:16:31,617 --> 00:16:33,819
On returning to America,
I accepted positions
267
00:16:33,853 --> 00:16:36,589
at both Caltech
and up at Berkeley.
268
00:16:40,293 --> 00:16:41,927
I got it, it's all right.
269
00:17:00,646 --> 00:17:02,681
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
270
00:17:04,084 --> 00:17:05,318
You must be Oppenheimer.
271
00:17:05,352 --> 00:17:06,886
Yes.
272
00:17:06,919 --> 00:17:09,256
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
273
00:17:09,289 --> 00:17:10,956
I am starting it. Next door.
274
00:17:10,990 --> 00:17:12,825
-They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
275
00:17:12,858 --> 00:17:14,927
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
276
00:17:14,960 --> 00:17:17,330
Theory will get you
only so far, huh?
277
00:17:17,364 --> 00:17:19,332
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
278
00:17:19,366 --> 00:17:22,069
-Magnificent.
-Would you like to help?
279
00:17:22,102 --> 00:17:23,936
Build it? Oh, no.
280
00:17:23,969 --> 00:17:25,072
No, no.
281
00:17:25,105 --> 00:17:27,673
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
282
00:17:27,706 --> 00:17:28,707
When do you start teaching?
283
00:17:28,741 --> 00:17:30,609
I've got my first in an hour.
284
00:17:30,643 --> 00:17:32,645
-Seminar?
-Pupil.
285
00:17:32,678 --> 00:17:35,915
One student? That's it?
286
00:17:35,948 --> 00:17:38,684
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
287
00:17:38,717 --> 00:17:40,719
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
288
00:17:40,753 --> 00:17:42,222
There's no going back.
289
00:17:44,391 --> 00:17:46,692
-Oh. I must have missed the...
-Ah. Lo...
290
00:17:46,725 --> 00:17:48,727
-Mr. Lomanitz?
-Na.
291
00:17:49,929 --> 00:17:50,830
Yeah.
292
00:17:50,863 --> 00:17:52,965
Yes, this is it. Please.
293
00:17:52,998 --> 00:17:54,067
Take a seat.
294
00:17:58,938 --> 00:18:00,739
What do you know
about quantum mechanics?
295
00:18:00,773 --> 00:18:03,143
I have a grasp on the basics.
296
00:18:03,176 --> 00:18:04,743
Then you're doing it wrong.
297
00:18:05,978 --> 00:18:08,248
Is light made up
of particles or waves?
298
00:18:08,281 --> 00:18:09,416
Quantum mechanics
says it's both.
299
00:18:09,449 --> 00:18:11,051
How could it be both?
300
00:18:11,084 --> 00:18:12,985
-It can't.
-It can't.
301
00:18:13,018 --> 00:18:17,890
But it is. It's paradoxical,
and yet, it works.
302
00:18:25,031 --> 00:18:26,032
Now.
303
00:18:27,900 --> 00:18:29,869
Thank you.
304
00:18:29,902 --> 00:18:32,905
Mr. Lomanitz.
You're gonna be okay.
305
00:18:32,938 --> 00:18:34,307
Mr. Snyder.
306
00:18:34,341 --> 00:18:35,875
Now let's consider a star.
307
00:18:35,908 --> 00:18:39,446
A star. A vast furnace
burning in outer space,
308
00:18:39,479 --> 00:18:42,882
fire pushing outwards
against its own gravity.
309
00:18:42,915 --> 00:18:44,351
Balanced.
310
00:18:44,384 --> 00:18:46,685
But if that furnace cools...
311
00:18:48,054 --> 00:18:50,056
...and gravity starts winning,
it contracts.
312
00:18:51,057 --> 00:18:52,024
Density increases.
313
00:18:52,058 --> 00:18:53,260
Correct.
314
00:18:53,293 --> 00:18:54,461
Increasing gravity.
315
00:18:54,494 --> 00:18:55,995
Increasing density.
316
00:18:56,029 --> 00:18:58,165
-And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
317
00:18:58,198 --> 00:18:59,832
what's the limit here?
318
00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:03,236
I don't know.
See where the math takes us.
319
00:19:03,270 --> 00:19:05,038
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before.
320
00:19:05,071 --> 00:19:06,972
Me?
321
00:19:07,006 --> 00:19:09,176
Yes, you.
Your math is better than mine.
322
00:19:10,910 --> 00:19:13,012
Dr. Oppenheimer's file
323
00:19:13,046 --> 00:19:15,448
contained detail
of his activities in Berkeley.
324
00:19:15,482 --> 00:19:16,949
Why would they have
started a file
325
00:19:16,982 --> 00:19:19,919
on Dr. Oppenheimer
before the war?
326
00:19:19,952 --> 00:19:22,422
Well, you'd have
to ask Mr. Hoover.
327
00:19:22,455 --> 00:19:24,324
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
328
00:19:24,357 --> 00:19:27,294
Uh, my assumption is that
329
00:19:27,327 --> 00:19:30,463
it was connected to his, uh,
330
00:19:30,497 --> 00:19:33,033
left-wing political activities.
331
00:19:34,134 --> 00:19:35,801
You shouldn't
let them bring up politics
332
00:19:35,834 --> 00:19:37,170
in the classroom, Oppie.
333
00:19:37,204 --> 00:19:38,938
I wrote that.
334
00:19:38,971 --> 00:19:42,242
Lawrence, you embrace
the revolution in physics.
335
00:19:42,275 --> 00:19:44,077
Can't you see it
everywhere else?
336
00:19:44,110 --> 00:19:46,213
Picasso, Stravinsky,
Freud, Marx.
337
00:19:46,246 --> 00:19:47,846
Well, this is America, Oppie.
338
00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:49,249
We had our revolution.
339
00:19:50,383 --> 00:19:52,885
Seriously,
keep it out of the lab.
340
00:19:52,918 --> 00:19:56,021
Well, out of the lab,
my landlady
341
00:19:56,056 --> 00:19:58,857
is having a discussion group
tonight. Interested?
342
00:19:58,891 --> 00:20:00,960
I have sampled
the Berkeley political scene.
343
00:20:00,993 --> 00:20:03,029
It's all just
philosophy post-grads
344
00:20:03,063 --> 00:20:05,365
and Communists
talking integration.
345
00:20:05,398 --> 00:20:07,067
You don't care
about integration.
346
00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:08,968
I want to vote for it,
not talk about it.
347
00:20:09,001 --> 00:20:11,003
'Specially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
348
00:20:11,037 --> 00:20:13,373
I'm meeting my brother there.
349
00:20:13,406 --> 00:20:15,275
And how would these activities
350
00:20:15,308 --> 00:20:16,443
have come to the attention
351
00:20:16,476 --> 00:20:17,477
of the FBI?
352
00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:19,479
Well, if I remember correctly,
353
00:20:19,512 --> 00:20:21,448
the FBI was taking
license plates
354
00:20:21,481 --> 00:20:23,816
outside suspected
Communist gatherings,
355
00:20:23,849 --> 00:20:25,851
and his name popped up.
356
00:20:33,426 --> 00:20:34,960
-Gotcha!
-Jesus Christ.
357
00:20:34,994 --> 00:20:37,297
-Sorry. Hi, brother.
-Frank.
358
00:20:38,298 --> 00:20:40,033
Uh, you remember Jackie.
359
00:20:40,066 --> 00:20:41,534
Evening.
360
00:20:41,568 --> 00:20:43,536
Let's go. Come.
361
00:20:43,570 --> 00:20:46,139
Right over there,
right over there.
362
00:20:47,073 --> 00:20:50,076
Robert. I want you
to meet Chevalier.
363
00:20:50,110 --> 00:20:53,812
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
364
00:20:53,846 --> 00:20:55,014
-Pleasure.
-Pleasure.
365
00:20:55,048 --> 00:20:56,349
This is my little brother,
Frank.
366
00:20:56,383 --> 00:20:57,584
-And this is...
-Hello.
367
00:20:57,617 --> 00:20:59,552
-Still Jackie.
-Hello, Still Jackie.
368
00:20:59,586 --> 00:21:01,554
Chevalier, you're in languages?
369
00:21:01,588 --> 00:21:03,323
And your reputation
precedes you.
370
00:21:03,356 --> 00:21:05,091
-What have you heard?
-Excuse me.
371
00:21:05,125 --> 00:21:06,892
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
372
00:21:06,925 --> 00:21:08,161
I have no chance
of understanding,
373
00:21:08,194 --> 00:21:09,562
but I hadn't heard
you're a Party member.
374
00:21:09,596 --> 00:21:11,897
-Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
375
00:21:11,930 --> 00:21:13,899
Frank and I are thinking of
joining. Just the other day,
376
00:21:13,932 --> 00:21:15,568
-I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
377
00:21:15,602 --> 00:21:17,237
The Spanish Civil War?
378
00:21:17,270 --> 00:21:19,004
A democratic republic
being overthrown
379
00:21:19,039 --> 00:21:20,340
by fascist thugs, who wouldn't?
380
00:21:20,373 --> 00:21:22,042
Our government.
381
00:21:22,075 --> 00:21:23,543
They think that socialism is
a bigger threat than fascism.
382
00:21:23,576 --> 00:21:25,078
Not for long.
383
00:21:25,111 --> 00:21:26,912
Look at what the Nazis
are doing to the Jews.
384
00:21:26,945 --> 00:21:29,516
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
385
00:21:29,549 --> 00:21:31,584
I have to do something.
386
00:21:31,618 --> 00:21:34,987
My own work is so abstract.
387
00:21:35,020 --> 00:21:36,589
What are you working on?
388
00:21:36,623 --> 00:21:38,558
What happens to the stars
when they die.
389
00:21:38,591 --> 00:21:40,025
Do stars die?
390
00:21:41,227 --> 00:21:42,529
Well, if they do,
391
00:21:42,562 --> 00:21:44,464
they'd cool, then collapse.
392
00:21:44,497 --> 00:21:47,133
In fact, the bigger the star,
393
00:21:47,167 --> 00:21:49,868
the more violent its demise.
394
00:21:49,902 --> 00:21:51,438
The gravity gets so concentrated
395
00:21:51,471 --> 00:21:54,441
it swallows everything.
396
00:21:54,474 --> 00:21:55,442
Everything, even light.
397
00:21:55,475 --> 00:21:56,643
Can that really happen?
398
00:21:56,676 --> 00:21:58,478
The math says it can.
399
00:21:58,511 --> 00:21:59,945
If we can get published,
400
00:21:59,978 --> 00:22:01,548
then perhaps one day,
an astronomer finds one.
401
00:22:01,581 --> 00:22:03,316
But right now,
all I have is theory,
402
00:22:03,350 --> 00:22:05,218
which can't impact
people's lives.
403
00:22:05,251 --> 00:22:07,520
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
404
00:22:07,554 --> 00:22:09,122
do it through
the Communist Party.
405
00:22:09,155 --> 00:22:10,490
They can get it
to the front lines.
406
00:22:10,523 --> 00:22:12,925
Mary sent me with these.
407
00:22:13,626 --> 00:22:16,429
-I'm Jean.
-Robert.
408
00:22:16,463 --> 00:22:17,963
Haakon Chevalier.
409
00:22:17,996 --> 00:22:19,532
The union meeting at Serber's
last month?
410
00:22:19,566 --> 00:22:20,966
Right, right, yes.
411
00:22:20,999 --> 00:22:22,369
Oh, thank you.
412
00:22:22,402 --> 00:22:24,637
Robert here says
he's not a Communist.
413
00:22:24,671 --> 00:22:26,972
Well, then he doesn't know
enough about it.
414
00:22:27,005 --> 00:22:29,376
Oh, I've read
Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
415
00:22:29,409 --> 00:22:31,044
Does that count?
416
00:22:31,077 --> 00:22:33,046
It would make you better read
than most party members.
417
00:22:33,079 --> 00:22:35,382
Turgid stuff.
There's some thinking, um,
418
00:22:35,415 --> 00:22:36,583
"Ownership is theft."
419
00:22:36,616 --> 00:22:38,518
-"Property."
-"Property"?
420
00:22:38,551 --> 00:22:40,353
"Property," not "ownership."
421
00:22:40,387 --> 00:22:42,422
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
422
00:22:42,455 --> 00:22:45,125
Well.
423
00:22:45,991 --> 00:22:47,360
It's not about the book.
424
00:22:47,394 --> 00:22:50,397
It's about the ideas.
And you sound uncommitted.
425
00:22:50,430 --> 00:22:52,065
Well, I'm committed
to thinking freely
426
00:22:52,098 --> 00:22:54,534
about how to improve our world.
427
00:22:54,567 --> 00:22:56,669
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
428
00:22:56,703 --> 00:22:59,672
You're a physicist,
you pick and choose rules?
429
00:22:59,706 --> 00:23:01,274
Or do you use the discipline
430
00:23:01,307 --> 00:23:03,443
to channel your energies
into progress?
431
00:23:03,476 --> 00:23:05,879
I like a little wiggle room.
432
00:23:06,979 --> 00:23:09,182
Do you always
tow the party line?
433
00:23:10,550 --> 00:23:12,318
I like my wiggle room too.
434
00:23:22,462 --> 00:23:24,997
What?
435
00:23:25,031 --> 00:23:26,199
Wait, wait, wait.
436
00:23:30,103 --> 00:23:31,704
Unexpected.
437
00:23:31,738 --> 00:23:33,640
-What?
-For a physicist.
438
00:23:33,673 --> 00:23:36,443
You only have a shelf
full of Freud?
439
00:23:36,476 --> 00:23:39,345
Well, actually,
my background's more...
440
00:23:39,379 --> 00:23:41,214
Uh, Jungian?
441
00:23:42,348 --> 00:23:43,450
You know analysis?
442
00:23:43,483 --> 00:23:46,018
When I was in post-grad
at Cambridge,
443
00:23:46,052 --> 00:23:47,353
I had a little trouble.
444
00:23:48,354 --> 00:23:51,090
-I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
445
00:23:51,124 --> 00:23:52,125
Did you hate him?
446
00:23:52,158 --> 00:23:53,626
I liked him very much.
447
00:23:53,660 --> 00:23:55,562
You just needed to get laid.
448
00:23:55,595 --> 00:23:57,163
Took my analyst two years,
449
00:23:57,197 --> 00:23:59,132
and I don't think they
ever put it that succinctly.
450
00:23:59,165 --> 00:24:00,500
You have everyone convinced
451
00:24:00,533 --> 00:24:03,269
you're more complicated
than you actually are.
452
00:24:03,303 --> 00:24:05,305
We're all simple souls, I guess.
453
00:24:05,338 --> 00:24:06,506
I'm not.
454
00:24:09,375 --> 00:24:10,410
What's this?
455
00:24:10,443 --> 00:24:12,010
Sanskrit.
456
00:24:12,045 --> 00:24:13,346
You can read this?
457
00:24:13,379 --> 00:24:15,181
I'm learning.
458
00:24:19,385 --> 00:24:21,187
Read this.
459
00:24:22,622 --> 00:24:24,257
Well, in this part,
460
00:24:24,290 --> 00:24:26,493
Vishnu reveals
his multi-armed self...
461
00:24:26,526 --> 00:24:27,527
No.
462
00:24:28,595 --> 00:24:30,463
Read the words.
463
00:24:33,833 --> 00:24:37,002
"And now I am become Death.
464
00:24:42,442 --> 00:24:44,177
Destroyer of worlds."
465
00:25:15,108 --> 00:25:16,442
This'll do.
466
00:25:22,582 --> 00:25:24,183
It'll break before dawn.
467
00:25:24,217 --> 00:25:27,587
Air cools overnight,
just before dawn, it breaks.
468
00:25:30,256 --> 00:25:32,191
Come.
469
00:25:38,231 --> 00:25:41,701
Ah. So, I'm getting married.
470
00:25:41,734 --> 00:25:43,336
-Frank. Congratulations!
-Thank you.
471
00:25:43,369 --> 00:25:45,171
-Thank you.
-To Jackie?
472
00:25:45,204 --> 00:25:47,574
Yeah, to Jackie.
473
00:25:47,607 --> 00:25:48,708
The waitress.
474
00:25:48,741 --> 00:25:50,710
Oppie, you're right.
It's lettin' up.
475
00:25:50,743 --> 00:25:53,179
I'm gonna go see
if there's any stars.
476
00:25:53,212 --> 00:25:55,248
All your talk
about the common man,
477
00:25:55,281 --> 00:25:56,783
but Jackie's not good enough
for you, hmm?
478
00:25:56,816 --> 00:25:57,850
Mm-mm.
479
00:25:57,884 --> 00:25:59,385
We join the Party and you can't
480
00:25:59,419 --> 00:26:01,187
-hide your disapproval. Why?
-Oh, now, I...
481
00:26:01,220 --> 00:26:02,288
Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
482
00:26:02,322 --> 00:26:03,856
I haven't joined
the Party, Frank.
483
00:26:03,890 --> 00:26:06,426
And I don't think she should
have convinced you to either.
484
00:26:06,459 --> 00:26:08,194
Half of the faculty
is Communist.
485
00:26:08,227 --> 00:26:09,295
Not that half.
486
00:26:10,630 --> 00:26:13,366
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
487
00:26:13,399 --> 00:26:15,101
And I want to wring your neck.
488
00:26:17,503 --> 00:26:20,406
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
489
00:26:22,275 --> 00:26:25,612
You're happy, I'm happy.
490
00:26:25,645 --> 00:26:27,180
So then I'm happy you're happy
491
00:26:27,213 --> 00:26:28,548
that I'm happy.
492
00:26:32,819 --> 00:26:34,420
I feel like I could see
493
00:26:34,454 --> 00:26:36,556
one of those dark stars
that you're working on.
494
00:26:36,589 --> 00:26:39,158
You can't.
That's the whole point.
495
00:26:39,826 --> 00:26:41,527
Their gravity swallows light.
496
00:26:42,795 --> 00:26:45,865
It's like a kind of
hole in space.
497
00:26:45,898 --> 00:26:47,233
Is Frank okay?
498
00:26:47,266 --> 00:26:49,669
Yes. He just has
a shitty brother.
499
00:26:50,803 --> 00:26:52,472
It is special here.
500
00:26:54,841 --> 00:26:57,310
When I was a kid,
501
00:26:57,343 --> 00:27:00,380
I thought if I could find a way
502
00:27:00,413 --> 00:27:04,784
to combine physics
and New Mexico,
503
00:27:04,817 --> 00:27:07,353
my life would be perfect.
504
00:27:08,421 --> 00:27:09,689
Little remote for that.
505
00:27:09,722 --> 00:27:10,857
Yes.
506
00:27:10,890 --> 00:27:12,558
Let's get some sleep.
507
00:27:13,526 --> 00:27:14,927
That mesa we saw today,
508
00:27:14,961 --> 00:27:17,463
one of my favorite places
in the world.
509
00:27:18,297 --> 00:27:19,766
And tomorrow we'll climb it.
510
00:27:19,799 --> 00:27:21,234
What's it called?
511
00:27:22,268 --> 00:27:24,337
Los Alamos.
512
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:29,442
I didn't expect
to see you today.
513
00:27:30,610 --> 00:27:32,445
Do I have to make
an appointment?
514
00:27:34,380 --> 00:27:36,516
Hey! Hey, get back here!
515
00:27:36,549 --> 00:27:37,684
Alvarez?
516
00:27:43,456 --> 00:27:46,292
Oppie! Oppie!
517
00:27:46,325 --> 00:27:48,327
What? What is it?
518
00:27:48,361 --> 00:27:49,962
They've done it.
They've done it.
519
00:27:49,996 --> 00:27:51,264
Hahn and Strassmann in Germany.
520
00:27:51,297 --> 00:27:53,466
They split the uranium nucleus.
521
00:27:54,333 --> 00:27:56,202
How?
522
00:27:56,936 --> 00:27:58,838
Bombard it with neutrons.
523
00:27:58,871 --> 00:28:00,006
It's a nuclear fission.
524
00:28:00,040 --> 00:28:01,674
They did it,
they split the atom.
525
00:28:01,708 --> 00:28:03,276
It's not possible.
526
00:28:09,415 --> 00:28:11,217
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
527
00:28:17,857 --> 00:28:19,792
See? Can't be done.
528
00:28:20,893 --> 00:28:24,297
Very elegant. Quite clear.
529
00:28:24,330 --> 00:28:26,966
-There's just one problem.
-Where?
530
00:28:26,999 --> 00:28:28,801
Next door.
531
00:28:28,835 --> 00:28:30,770
Alvarez did it.
532
00:28:30,803 --> 00:28:32,939
But then look...
533
00:28:32,972 --> 00:28:36,309
...these fission pulses,
they're massive.
534
00:28:36,342 --> 00:28:39,612
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
535
00:28:39,645 --> 00:28:42,482
Theory will take you
only so far.
536
00:28:43,983 --> 00:28:45,985
During the process...
537
00:28:46,018 --> 00:28:47,754
extra neutrons boil off,
538
00:28:47,787 --> 00:28:50,957
which could be used to split
other uranium atoms.
539
00:28:50,990 --> 00:28:52,391
Chain reaction.
540
00:28:52,425 --> 00:28:54,061
You're thinkin'
what I'm thinkin'.
541
00:28:54,094 --> 00:28:56,863
You, me, and every other
physicist around the world
542
00:28:56,896 --> 00:28:58,397
who's seen the news.
543
00:28:59,099 --> 00:29:00,900
I'm... what?
What are we all thinking?
544
00:29:00,933 --> 00:29:04,704
A bomb, Alvarez.
545
00:29:05,872 --> 00:29:07,573
A bomb.
546
00:29:07,607 --> 00:29:10,810
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
547
00:29:12,411 --> 00:29:13,946
I don't understand
what you want from me.
548
00:29:13,980 --> 00:29:15,748
I don't want anything from you.
549
00:29:16,749 --> 00:29:18,785
Well, you say that
and then you call.
550
00:29:18,818 --> 00:29:21,420
Well, don't answer.
551
00:29:21,454 --> 00:29:23,456
I'll always answer.
552
00:29:28,728 --> 00:29:29,662
Fine.
553
00:29:29,695 --> 00:29:32,398
Just no more flowers.
554
00:29:33,432 --> 00:29:34,801
You're not coming?
555
00:29:35,968 --> 00:29:38,771
You have to know
when you're beaten, Robert.
556
00:29:41,074 --> 00:29:42,809
It's not that simple, Hoke.
557
00:29:42,842 --> 00:29:45,011
Chevalier,
good to see you. It's...
558
00:29:45,045 --> 00:29:46,379
Ah, Barbara, good to see you
559
00:29:46,412 --> 00:29:48,881
and the illustrious
Dr. Oppenheimer.
560
00:29:48,915 --> 00:29:50,083
I'm Eltenton.
561
00:29:50,117 --> 00:29:51,484
-Oh, pleasure.
-Please, please.
562
00:29:51,517 --> 00:29:52,685
Now, might you say a word
563
00:29:52,718 --> 00:29:55,454
about organized labor
on campuses, yes?
564
00:29:55,488 --> 00:29:57,023
Coming through! Coming through!
565
00:29:57,057 --> 00:29:58,624
-F.A.E.C.T.!
-I work at Shell.
566
00:29:58,658 --> 00:30:00,660
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers,
567
00:30:00,693 --> 00:30:02,562
so why not scientists
in academia?
568
00:30:02,595 --> 00:30:05,498
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
569
00:30:05,531 --> 00:30:08,801
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
570
00:30:08,835 --> 00:30:10,469
Oppie! Oppie!
571
00:30:10,503 --> 00:30:13,406
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
572
00:30:16,576 --> 00:30:20,546
Teachers are unionized.
Why not professors?
573
00:30:20,580 --> 00:30:22,014
Don't you have somewhere to be?
574
00:30:22,049 --> 00:30:23,883
Lawrence,
academics have rights too.
575
00:30:23,916 --> 00:30:26,419
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
576
00:30:26,452 --> 00:30:29,655
-Well, I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
577
00:30:35,928 --> 00:30:37,597
Richard. Dr. Bush.
578
00:30:37,630 --> 00:30:39,699
What brings you two up north?
579
00:30:49,176 --> 00:30:50,543
Richard, you tell Ruth
580
00:30:50,576 --> 00:30:51,844
I'll be down
to Pasadena Thursday.
581
00:31:00,853 --> 00:31:03,489
Your paper
on black holes is in!
582
00:31:03,522 --> 00:31:05,491
Oppie!
583
00:31:05,524 --> 00:31:09,162
Where's Hartland?
Get Hartland. Get Hartland.
584
00:31:09,196 --> 00:31:11,464
September 1st, 1939,
585
00:31:11,497 --> 00:31:13,733
the world's gonna
remember this day.
586
00:31:14,667 --> 00:31:16,136
Oh, Hartland.
Our paper, it's in print.
587
00:31:16,169 --> 00:31:18,905
You've been upstaged.
588
00:31:22,508 --> 00:31:25,045
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
589
00:31:25,078 --> 00:31:27,813
increasingly out of sympathy
with the
590
00:31:27,847 --> 00:31:30,850
policy of neutrality
that Communists advocated.
591
00:31:30,883 --> 00:31:34,687
Right after Hitler invaded
Russia and we became allies,
592
00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:36,756
these Communist sympathies,
did they return?
593
00:31:36,789 --> 00:31:37,823
No.
594
00:31:38,958 --> 00:31:42,561
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
595
00:31:42,595 --> 00:31:43,829
did not mean a sharp break
596
00:31:43,863 --> 00:31:45,932
from those who held
different views.
597
00:31:45,965 --> 00:31:48,534
For a year or two,
and during a previous marriage,
598
00:31:48,567 --> 00:31:51,871
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
599
00:31:54,507 --> 00:31:55,841
Oop!
600
00:31:55,875 --> 00:31:57,677
This way. This is where
I keep the good stuff.
601
00:31:57,710 --> 00:31:59,712
Well, I thought
this was the Tolmans' house.
602
00:31:59,745 --> 00:32:01,948
I live with them
while I'm at Caltech.
603
00:32:01,981 --> 00:32:03,482
Do you two need anything?
604
00:32:03,516 --> 00:32:04,984
We're good, Ruthie.
605
00:32:06,086 --> 00:32:08,721
So, you're a biologist.
606
00:32:08,754 --> 00:32:11,958
Well, somehow
I have graduated to housewife.
607
00:32:11,991 --> 00:32:15,128
Can you explain
quantum mechanics to me?
608
00:32:15,162 --> 00:32:16,196
Seems baffling.
609
00:32:16,229 --> 00:32:17,930
Yes, it is.
610
00:32:19,032 --> 00:32:21,834
Well, this glass,
611
00:32:21,867 --> 00:32:22,768
this drink...
612
00:32:22,802 --> 00:32:25,905
...this countertop,
613
00:32:25,938 --> 00:32:29,042
uh, our bodies...
614
00:32:29,076 --> 00:32:30,977
all of it.
615
00:32:31,010 --> 00:32:33,579
It's mostly empty space.
616
00:32:33,612 --> 00:32:36,116
Groupings of tiny energy waves
bound together.
617
00:32:36,149 --> 00:32:38,017
By what?
618
00:32:38,051 --> 00:32:41,620
Forces of attraction
strong enough to convince us
619
00:32:41,654 --> 00:32:43,856
that matter is solid.
620
00:32:43,889 --> 00:32:47,026
Stop my body
passing through yours.
621
00:32:58,771 --> 00:33:00,273
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
622
00:33:00,307 --> 00:33:02,042
Not very.
623
00:33:04,077 --> 00:33:07,780
There is someone that I feel...
624
00:33:07,813 --> 00:33:09,249
Does she feel the same way?
625
00:33:09,282 --> 00:33:13,120
Sometimes. Not enough.
626
00:33:14,321 --> 00:33:17,290
You know,
I'm going to New Mexico.
627
00:33:17,324 --> 00:33:19,126
To my ranch, with friends.
628
00:33:19,159 --> 00:33:20,526
You should come.
629
00:33:21,328 --> 00:33:23,163
I meant with your husband.
630
00:33:23,196 --> 00:33:24,764
Yes, you did.
631
00:33:24,797 --> 00:33:27,700
'Cause you know it won't make
a bit of difference.
632
00:33:31,670 --> 00:33:33,173
Why did you marry him?
633
00:33:33,206 --> 00:33:36,742
I was lost and he was kind.
634
00:33:38,911 --> 00:33:39,779
Lost?
635
00:33:39,812 --> 00:33:43,316
Well, my previous husband
had died, and...
636
00:33:43,350 --> 00:33:45,785
at 28, I wasn't really ready
to be a widow.
637
00:33:45,818 --> 00:33:47,820
-Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
638
00:33:47,853 --> 00:33:50,323
But my second husband
was Joe Dallet.
639
00:33:50,357 --> 00:33:53,326
He was, um, from money,
like me, but...
640
00:33:53,360 --> 00:33:56,296
he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
641
00:33:56,329 --> 00:33:57,596
Fell hard.
642
00:33:57,630 --> 00:33:58,898
How hard?
643
00:33:58,931 --> 00:34:00,599
Hard enough to spend
the next four years
644
00:34:00,633 --> 00:34:01,967
living off beans and pancakes,
645
00:34:02,001 --> 00:34:04,770
handing out the
Daily Worker
at factory gates.
646
00:34:04,804 --> 00:34:07,307
By 36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
647
00:34:07,340 --> 00:34:09,209
Quit the Party and a year later,
648
00:34:09,242 --> 00:34:12,778
I wanted him back, so...
Him, not the
Daily Worker.
649
00:34:12,812 --> 00:34:14,947
And he said, "Swell, I'll meet
you on my way to Spain."
650
00:34:14,980 --> 00:34:16,682
He went to fight
for the Loyalists?
651
00:34:16,715 --> 00:34:18,818
And then he went to
the brigades and I waited.
652
00:34:18,851 --> 00:34:19,919
And...
653
00:34:20,786 --> 00:34:22,155
Joe got himself killed
654
00:34:22,189 --> 00:34:24,590
first time he popped his head
out of the trench.
655
00:34:25,925 --> 00:34:28,361
Ideology got Joe killed.
For nothing.
656
00:34:28,395 --> 00:34:30,263
Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
657
00:34:30,297 --> 00:34:31,398
My husband offered
both our futures
658
00:34:31,431 --> 00:34:32,898
to stop one fascist bullet
659
00:34:32,932 --> 00:34:35,102
from embedding itself
in a mudbank.
660
00:34:36,001 --> 00:34:37,837
That's the definition
of nothing.
661
00:34:37,870 --> 00:34:39,872
Seems a little reductive.
662
00:34:39,905 --> 00:34:41,640
Pragmatic.
663
00:34:41,674 --> 00:34:44,111
Now here I am.
664
00:34:46,346 --> 00:34:47,947
Wherever the hell this is.
665
00:34:54,987 --> 00:34:58,258
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
666
00:35:00,693 --> 00:35:04,030
Least you didn't
bring me flowers.
667
00:35:09,169 --> 00:35:12,738
We both know I'm not
what you want, Jean.
668
00:35:13,772 --> 00:35:16,409
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
669
00:35:16,443 --> 00:35:17,843
No.
670
00:35:19,412 --> 00:35:21,780
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
671
00:35:22,982 --> 00:35:24,717
You knocked her up, fast work.
672
00:35:24,750 --> 00:35:27,387
Can't keep a good man down.
673
00:35:27,420 --> 00:35:29,422
I meant her.
674
00:35:29,456 --> 00:35:31,458
She knew what she wanted.
675
00:35:31,491 --> 00:35:33,426
What about the husband?
676
00:35:33,460 --> 00:35:34,927
We talked, um,
677
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:36,896
they're getting a divorce, so...
678
00:35:36,929 --> 00:35:40,699
we can get married
before she starts showing.
679
00:35:40,733 --> 00:35:42,202
How civilized.
680
00:35:44,171 --> 00:35:45,272
You idiot.
681
00:35:45,305 --> 00:35:47,073
This is your community.
682
00:35:47,107 --> 00:35:50,043
You think the rules
don't apply to the golden boy?
683
00:35:51,211 --> 00:35:52,845
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
684
00:35:52,878 --> 00:35:55,382
Don't alienate the only people
in the world
685
00:35:55,415 --> 00:35:57,083
that understand what you do.
686
00:35:58,817 --> 00:36:00,187
One day you might need them.
687
00:36:00,220 --> 00:36:02,955
F.A.E.C.T.!
688
00:36:02,988 --> 00:36:04,191
The Federation of Architects,
689
00:36:04,224 --> 00:36:07,360
Engineers, Chemists
and Technicians.
690
00:36:13,799 --> 00:36:16,336
Lomanitz,
what do you get paid a month?
691
00:36:16,369 --> 00:36:17,504
That's not the point, Lawrence.
692
00:36:17,537 --> 00:36:19,838
What do any of you
have in common
693
00:36:19,872 --> 00:36:22,475
with farm laborers
and dock workers?
694
00:36:22,509 --> 00:36:24,077
Plenty.
695
00:36:25,145 --> 00:36:27,681
Everybody out. Now!
696
00:36:31,518 --> 00:36:32,918
Not you.
697
00:36:38,857 --> 00:36:39,825
What are you doing?
698
00:36:39,858 --> 00:36:41,528
It's a trade union.
699
00:36:41,561 --> 00:36:43,496
Filled with Communists.
700
00:36:43,530 --> 00:36:45,232
So? I haven't joined the Party.
701
00:36:45,265 --> 00:36:47,367
They won't let me
bring you onto the project
702
00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:49,102
because of this shit.
703
00:36:49,135 --> 00:36:50,903
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
704
00:36:50,936 --> 00:36:53,373
Oh.
I know what the project is.
705
00:36:53,406 --> 00:36:54,474
Oh, really?
706
00:36:54,507 --> 00:36:55,808
We've all heard about Einstein
707
00:36:55,841 --> 00:36:57,110
and Szilard's letter
to Roosevelt
708
00:36:57,143 --> 00:36:58,944
warning him the Germans
could make a bomb,
709
00:36:58,978 --> 00:37:01,847
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
710
00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:03,250
Oh, and I don't?
711
00:37:03,283 --> 00:37:05,918
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
712
00:37:07,019 --> 00:37:08,020
It's mine.
713
00:37:08,054 --> 00:37:11,191
You think that I tell them
about your politics.
714
00:37:12,292 --> 00:37:14,860
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
715
00:37:14,893 --> 00:37:16,929
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror?
716
00:37:16,962 --> 00:37:19,032
Listen to the sounds
on your phone line
717
00:37:19,065 --> 00:37:22,135
and stop being so goddamn naive.
718
00:37:23,436 --> 00:37:24,970
Why would they care what I do?
719
00:37:25,004 --> 00:37:26,972
Because you're
not just self-important,
720
00:37:27,006 --> 00:37:29,175
you're actually important.
721
00:37:30,410 --> 00:37:31,777
Okay.
722
00:37:32,412 --> 00:37:35,415
Okay. I get it.
723
00:37:35,448 --> 00:37:37,517
If you could
just be a little more...
724
00:37:37,550 --> 00:37:39,052
Pragmatic.
725
00:37:39,085 --> 00:37:40,186
I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others,
726
00:37:40,220 --> 00:37:42,322
you don't have to worry.
It's done.
727
00:37:42,355 --> 00:37:44,124
Lawrence.
728
00:37:48,961 --> 00:37:50,963
Then welcome to the war.
729
00:37:50,996 --> 00:37:53,300
I filled out my first
security questionnaire
730
00:37:53,333 --> 00:37:54,601
and was informed
731
00:37:54,634 --> 00:37:56,436
that my involvement
with left-wing groups
732
00:37:56,469 --> 00:38:00,407
would not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
733
00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:03,176
Why were
his Communist associations
734
00:38:03,209 --> 00:38:06,313
not seen as a security risk
during the war?
735
00:38:06,346 --> 00:38:08,081
Senator, I can't possibly answer
736
00:38:08,114 --> 00:38:11,451
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
737
00:38:11,484 --> 00:38:13,486
Fine. What about after?
738
00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:15,455
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer
739
00:38:15,488 --> 00:38:19,259
was the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
740
00:38:19,292 --> 00:38:21,328
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute,
741
00:38:21,361 --> 00:38:24,464
that's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
742
00:38:24,497 --> 00:38:25,565
Simple as that.
743
00:38:25,598 --> 00:38:28,201
What are they accusing me of?
744
00:38:28,234 --> 00:38:30,002
I think they just want
to know what happened
745
00:38:30,036 --> 00:38:32,539
between 1947 and 1954
to change your mind
746
00:38:32,572 --> 00:38:34,607
on Oppenheimer's
security clearance.
747
00:38:34,641 --> 00:38:37,377
I didn't.
I was chair of the AEC,
748
00:38:37,410 --> 00:38:40,979
but it wasn't me that brought
the charges against Robert.
749
00:38:41,013 --> 00:38:42,248
-Who did?
-Some former staff member
750
00:38:42,282 --> 00:38:44,217
of the Joint
Congressional Committee.
751
00:38:44,250 --> 00:38:47,320
He was a rabid anti-Communist
named Borden.
752
00:38:47,354 --> 00:38:49,656
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
753
00:38:49,689 --> 00:38:52,225
The FBI? Why not go
to the AEC, direct?
754
00:38:52,258 --> 00:38:54,960
Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?
755
00:38:54,993 --> 00:38:57,430
What did Borden have
against Oppenheimer?
756
00:38:57,464 --> 00:38:59,299
This was the McCarthy Era.
757
00:38:59,332 --> 00:39:04,237
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red. And then,
758
00:39:04,270 --> 00:39:05,938
reading Oppenheimer's
security file,
759
00:39:05,971 --> 00:39:08,141
his Communist brother,
sister-in-law,
760
00:39:08,174 --> 00:39:10,243
fiancée, best friend, wife.
761
00:39:10,276 --> 00:39:12,612
That's before we even
get to the Chevalier incident.
762
00:39:12,645 --> 00:39:16,383
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
763
00:39:16,416 --> 00:39:18,084
Because somebody gave it to him.
764
00:39:19,252 --> 00:39:21,920
Somebody who wanted
Robert silenced.
765
00:39:21,954 --> 00:39:23,556
-Who?
-Who knows?
766
00:39:23,590 --> 00:39:26,126
Robert didn't take care
not to upset
767
00:39:26,159 --> 00:39:28,395
the power brokers in Washington.
768
00:39:28,428 --> 00:39:31,297
His opinions on the atom
became definitive
769
00:39:31,331 --> 00:39:34,234
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
770
00:39:37,637 --> 00:39:40,073
I came in for plenty
of harsh treatment.
771
00:39:40,106 --> 00:39:43,276
There was an AEC vote
772
00:39:43,309 --> 00:39:45,278
on the export of isotopes
to Norway,
773
00:39:45,311 --> 00:39:48,281
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
774
00:39:48,314 --> 00:39:50,015
But, Dr. Oppenheimer,
775
00:39:50,049 --> 00:39:52,152
we've already heard
from Admiral Strauss that
776
00:39:52,185 --> 00:39:55,020
these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
777
00:39:55,054 --> 00:39:56,356
in the production
of atomic weapons.
778
00:39:56,389 --> 00:39:58,258
Congressmen,
you could use a shovel
779
00:39:58,291 --> 00:39:59,726
in making atomic weapons.
780
00:39:59,759 --> 00:40:00,959
In fact, you do.
781
00:40:00,993 --> 00:40:02,529
You could use a bottle of beer
782
00:40:02,562 --> 00:40:03,962
in making atomic weapons.
783
00:40:03,996 --> 00:40:05,465
In fact, you do.
784
00:40:05,498 --> 00:40:08,435
I say isotopes are less useful
than electronic components
785
00:40:08,468 --> 00:40:11,237
but more useful than a sandwich.
786
00:40:14,474 --> 00:40:16,342
Genius is
no guarantee of wisdom.
787
00:40:17,343 --> 00:40:20,113
How could this man
who saw so much be so blind?
788
00:40:29,622 --> 00:40:31,057
Kitty?
789
00:40:35,762 --> 00:40:37,697
Kitty?
790
00:40:37,730 --> 00:40:41,134
Kitty, the project...
791
00:40:42,101 --> 00:40:44,704
I'm in. I'm in.
792
00:40:44,737 --> 00:40:46,506
Let's celebrate.
793
00:40:52,145 --> 00:40:53,746
Shouldn't you go to him?
794
00:40:58,351 --> 00:41:01,521
I have been going to him
all fucking day.
795
00:41:25,278 --> 00:41:27,012
Come here, darling.
796
00:41:28,114 --> 00:41:29,682
I don't know how to say this.
797
00:41:29,716 --> 00:41:32,418
I'm... I'm ashamed to ask.
798
00:41:32,452 --> 00:41:34,387
Anything.
799
00:41:34,420 --> 00:41:35,221
Take Peter.
800
00:41:35,255 --> 00:41:38,291
-Sure.
-No, for-for a while, Hoke.
801
00:41:38,324 --> 00:41:40,293
A while.
802
00:41:41,861 --> 00:41:43,663
Does Kitty know you're here?
803
00:41:43,696 --> 00:41:45,431
Yes, of course she knows.
804
00:41:46,299 --> 00:41:48,301
Of course she knows.
805
00:41:48,334 --> 00:41:52,038
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
806
00:41:53,540 --> 00:41:54,541
Forget I asked.
807
00:41:54,574 --> 00:41:56,409
Selfish, awful people,
808
00:41:56,442 --> 00:41:58,845
they don't know
they're selfish and awful.
809
00:41:58,878 --> 00:42:01,447
Sit, sit, sit.
810
00:42:02,482 --> 00:42:06,586
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
811
00:42:08,288 --> 00:42:10,857
There is a price
to be paid for that.
812
00:42:10,890 --> 00:42:12,458
Of course we'll help you.
813
00:42:23,403 --> 00:42:25,572
Everything's changing, Robert.
814
00:42:25,605 --> 00:42:27,574
Having a child was always
going to change...
815
00:42:27,607 --> 00:42:31,711
No, the world, it's pivoting
in some new direction.
816
00:42:31,744 --> 00:42:34,147
It's reforming.
817
00:42:35,915 --> 00:42:37,617
This is your moment.
818
00:42:38,785 --> 00:42:40,453
We're putting together a group
to study feasibility...
819
00:42:40,486 --> 00:42:43,289
"We" shouldn't be
doing anything. You should.
820
00:42:44,190 --> 00:42:46,326
Lawrence won't get this done.
821
00:42:46,359 --> 00:42:48,494
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
822
00:42:57,337 --> 00:42:59,472
Who are the uniforms?
823
00:43:00,273 --> 00:43:02,175
I thought you might know.
824
00:43:03,209 --> 00:43:05,478
Dr. Oppenheimer.
825
00:43:05,511 --> 00:43:07,480
I'm Colonel Groves.
826
00:43:07,513 --> 00:43:09,749
This is Lieutenant
Colonel Nichols.
827
00:43:09,782 --> 00:43:11,284
Have that dry-cleaned.
828
00:43:17,190 --> 00:43:19,258
Well, if that's how you treat
Lieutenant Colonel,
829
00:43:19,292 --> 00:43:22,662
I'd hate to see how you treat
a humble physicist.
830
00:43:22,695 --> 00:43:24,764
Ah, if I ever meet one,
I'll let you know.
831
00:43:24,797 --> 00:43:26,299
Ouch.
832
00:43:26,332 --> 00:43:27,900
Theaters of combat
all over the world,
833
00:43:27,934 --> 00:43:29,869
but I have to stay
in Washington.
834
00:43:29,902 --> 00:43:32,605
-Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
835
00:43:32,639 --> 00:43:35,274
The brass likes it so much
they made me take over
836
00:43:35,308 --> 00:43:37,443
the Manhattan Engineer District.
837
00:43:37,477 --> 00:43:38,611
Which is?
838
00:43:38,645 --> 00:43:41,914
Oh, don't be a smart ass.
You know damn well what it is.
839
00:43:41,948 --> 00:43:43,650
You and half of every
physics department
840
00:43:43,683 --> 00:43:46,519
across the country.
That's problem number one.
841
00:43:46,552 --> 00:43:48,287
I thought problem
number one would be
842
00:43:48,321 --> 00:43:49,589
securing enough uranium ore.
843
00:43:49,622 --> 00:43:52,725
1,200 tons bought
the day I took charge.
844
00:43:52,759 --> 00:43:53,926
Processing?
845
00:43:53,960 --> 00:43:56,162
Just broke ground
at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
846
00:43:56,963 --> 00:43:58,665
Now I'm looking
for a project director.
847
00:43:58,698 --> 00:44:00,800
And my name came up?
848
00:44:00,833 --> 00:44:01,901
Nope.
849
00:44:03,037 --> 00:44:05,271
Even though you brought
quantum physics to America.
850
00:44:05,304 --> 00:44:06,673
Which made me curious.
851
00:44:06,706 --> 00:44:08,574
What have you found out?
852
00:44:09,475 --> 00:44:11,978
You're a dilettante,
a womanizer,
853
00:44:12,011 --> 00:44:13,346
a suspected Communist...
854
00:44:13,379 --> 00:44:14,781
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
855
00:44:14,814 --> 00:44:16,416
I said "suspected."
856
00:44:16,449 --> 00:44:20,687
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic...
857
00:44:20,720 --> 00:44:21,754
Nothing good, no?
858
00:44:21,788 --> 00:44:23,456
Not even
"he's brilliant, but..."
859
00:44:23,489 --> 00:44:25,291
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted
860
00:44:25,324 --> 00:44:26,826
in your circle, so no.
861
00:44:26,859 --> 00:44:28,828
No, the only person who had
anything good to say
862
00:44:28,861 --> 00:44:30,596
was Richard Tolman.
863
00:44:30,630 --> 00:44:32,732
Tolman thinks
you have integrity,
864
00:44:32,765 --> 00:44:34,901
but he also strikes me as a guy
865
00:44:34,934 --> 00:44:37,303
who knows more about
science than people.
866
00:44:37,336 --> 00:44:41,307
Yet here you are.
You don't take much on trust.
867
00:44:41,340 --> 00:44:43,342
I don't take anything on trust.
868
00:44:46,913 --> 00:44:48,648
Why don't you
have a Nobel Prize?
869
00:44:48,681 --> 00:44:49,749
Why aren't you a general?
870
00:44:49,782 --> 00:44:50,950
They're making me one for this.
871
00:44:50,983 --> 00:44:52,351
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
872
00:44:52,385 --> 00:44:53,986
A Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
873
00:44:54,020 --> 00:44:56,355
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
874
00:44:58,791 --> 00:45:00,426
So how would you proceed?
875
00:45:01,928 --> 00:45:04,630
You're talking
about turning theory
876
00:45:04,664 --> 00:45:06,833
into a practical weapons system
877
00:45:06,866 --> 00:45:08,000
faster than the Nazis.
878
00:45:08,035 --> 00:45:09,769
Who have a 12-month head start.
879
00:45:09,802 --> 00:45:10,937
Eighteen.
880
00:45:10,970 --> 00:45:12,338
How could you possibly
know that?
881
00:45:12,371 --> 00:45:14,407
Our fast neutron research
took six months.
882
00:45:14,440 --> 00:45:15,942
The man they've
undoubtedly put in charge
883
00:45:15,975 --> 00:45:17,376
will have made
that leap instantly.
884
00:45:17,410 --> 00:45:18,611
Who do you think
they put in charge?
885
00:45:18,644 --> 00:45:19,746
Werner Heisenberg.
886
00:45:19,779 --> 00:45:22,348
He has the most intuitive
understanding
887
00:45:22,381 --> 00:45:24,051
of atomic structure
I have ever seen.
888
00:45:24,084 --> 00:45:25,785
-You know his work?
-I know him.
889
00:45:25,818 --> 00:45:27,653
Just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsäcker, Diebner.
890
00:45:27,687 --> 00:45:30,490
In a straight race,
the Germans win.
891
00:45:30,523 --> 00:45:33,259
-We've got one hope.
-Which is?
892
00:45:33,860 --> 00:45:35,495
Anti-Semitism.
893
00:45:36,629 --> 00:45:37,630
What?
894
00:45:37,663 --> 00:45:40,500
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science."
895
00:45:40,533 --> 00:45:42,368
Said it right
to Einstein's face.
896
00:45:42,401 --> 00:45:45,638
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so... so blinded by hate
897
00:45:45,671 --> 00:45:47,473
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
898
00:45:47,507 --> 00:45:49,442
because it'll take
vast resources.
899
00:45:49,475 --> 00:45:51,010
Our nation's best scientists
working together.
900
00:45:51,044 --> 00:45:52,445
Right now, they're scattered.
901
00:45:52,478 --> 00:45:54,081
Which gives us
compartmentalization.
902
00:45:54,114 --> 00:45:55,982
All minds have
to see the whole task
903
00:45:56,015 --> 00:45:57,383
to contribute efficiently.
904
00:45:57,416 --> 00:45:59,652
Poor security
may cost us the race.
905
00:45:59,685 --> 00:46:01,521
Inefficiency will.
906
00:46:01,554 --> 00:46:03,389
The Germans know
more than us anyway.
907
00:46:03,422 --> 00:46:05,525
The Russians don't.
908
00:46:05,558 --> 00:46:09,495
Remind me,
who are we at war with?
909
00:46:09,529 --> 00:46:11,964
Somebody with your past
doesn't want to be seen
910
00:46:11,998 --> 00:46:13,599
downplaying the importance
911
00:46:13,633 --> 00:46:16,369
of security from
our Communist allies.
912
00:46:16,402 --> 00:46:19,072
Point taken. But, no.
913
00:46:19,106 --> 00:46:21,407
You don't get
to say "no" to me.
914
00:46:21,440 --> 00:46:23,709
It's my job to say "no" to you
when you're wrong.
915
00:46:23,743 --> 00:46:25,745
So you have the job now?
916
00:46:25,778 --> 00:46:27,847
Uh, I'm considering it.
917
00:46:30,550 --> 00:46:32,885
I'm starting to see
where you got your reputation.
918
00:46:34,087 --> 00:46:36,522
My favorite response,
919
00:46:36,556 --> 00:46:38,891
"Oppenheimer couldn't
run a hamburger stand."
920
00:46:40,860 --> 00:46:41,661
I couldn't.
921
00:46:43,696 --> 00:46:45,865
But I can run
the Manhattan Project.
922
00:46:46,732 --> 00:46:48,901
There's a way
to balance these things.
923
00:46:48,935 --> 00:46:53,140
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley under Lawrence.
924
00:46:53,173 --> 00:46:55,441
Met Lab in Chicago,
under Szilard.
925
00:46:55,474 --> 00:46:57,910
Large-scale refining,
where did you say? Tennessee.
926
00:46:57,944 --> 00:46:59,612
-And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
927
00:46:59,645 --> 00:47:03,716
All America's industrial might
and scientific innovation,
928
00:47:03,749 --> 00:47:05,118
connected by rail.
929
00:47:05,152 --> 00:47:06,819
Focused on one goal.
930
00:47:06,853 --> 00:47:09,555
One point in space and time.
And it comes together here.
931
00:47:09,589 --> 00:47:11,891
A secret laboratory.
In the middle of nowhere,
932
00:47:11,924 --> 00:47:13,392
secure, self-sufficient,
933
00:47:13,426 --> 00:47:14,794
equipment, housing, the works.
934
00:47:14,827 --> 00:47:16,996
Keep everyone there
until it's done.
935
00:47:17,030 --> 00:47:19,066
It'll need a school,
stores, a church.
936
00:47:19,099 --> 00:47:20,533
Why?
937
00:47:20,566 --> 00:47:21,868
If we don't let scientists
938
00:47:21,901 --> 00:47:23,603
bring their families,
we'll never get the best.
939
00:47:23,636 --> 00:47:25,705
You want security,
build a town, build it fast.
940
00:47:25,738 --> 00:47:26,806
Where?
941
00:47:30,810 --> 00:47:32,778
Welcome to Los Alamos.
942
00:47:32,812 --> 00:47:35,615
Now, there's a boys school
we'll have to commandeer,
943
00:47:35,648 --> 00:47:37,617
and the local Indians come
up here for burial rites.
944
00:47:37,650 --> 00:47:40,887
But, apart from that, nothing.
Forty miles. Any direction.
945
00:47:40,920 --> 00:47:42,855
Enough to find the perfect spot.
946
00:47:42,889 --> 00:47:45,391
-For?
-Success.
947
00:47:50,663 --> 00:47:52,665
Build him a town. Fast.
948
00:47:53,699 --> 00:47:56,203
Let's go recruit
some scientists.
949
00:47:56,236 --> 00:47:58,571
Why would I leave my family?
950
00:47:58,604 --> 00:48:00,040
I told you,
you can bring your family.
951
00:48:00,073 --> 00:48:01,507
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
952
00:48:01,540 --> 00:48:03,643
A soldier? He's a general.
953
00:48:03,676 --> 00:48:05,511
I've got all the soldier I need.
954
00:48:05,544 --> 00:48:07,114
What can I tell them?
955
00:48:07,147 --> 00:48:09,482
Heisenberg, Diebner,
Bothe and Bohr.
956
00:48:09,515 --> 00:48:10,816
What do these men
have in common?
957
00:48:10,850 --> 00:48:12,852
The greatest minds
on atomic theory.
958
00:48:12,885 --> 00:48:14,221
-Yes, and?
-Uh...
959
00:48:14,254 --> 00:48:17,523
As much as you like,
960
00:48:17,556 --> 00:48:19,692
until you feel my boot
on your balls.
961
00:48:19,725 --> 00:48:22,495
You know isotopes
and you know explosives
962
00:48:22,528 --> 00:48:23,829
better than anyone in the world.
963
00:48:23,863 --> 00:48:26,465
But you can't tell us
what you're doing?
964
00:48:29,535 --> 00:48:31,771
-I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
965
00:48:31,804 --> 00:48:33,940
-Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
-Under Nazi occupation.
966
00:48:33,973 --> 00:48:35,841
Did they stop printing
newspapers in Princeton?
967
00:48:35,875 --> 00:48:38,211
Why would we go
to the middle of nowhere
968
00:48:38,245 --> 00:48:39,712
for who knows how long?
969
00:48:39,745 --> 00:48:41,847
For a year or two. Or three.
970
00:48:42,848 --> 00:48:46,452
Uh, General, could you
give us a moment?
971
00:48:47,520 --> 00:48:50,589
It's about unleashing
the strong force...
972
00:48:51,724 --> 00:48:53,126
...before the Nazis do.
973
00:48:53,160 --> 00:48:55,095
Oh, my God.
974
00:48:55,128 --> 00:48:56,229
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
975
00:48:56,263 --> 00:48:57,563
No, never.
976
00:48:57,596 --> 00:48:59,899
But while they have him,
we don't.
977
00:48:59,932 --> 00:49:01,101
That's why I need you.
978
00:49:01,134 --> 00:49:03,103
Why would you think I'd do that?
979
00:49:03,136 --> 00:49:04,971
"Why?" "Why?"
980
00:49:05,004 --> 00:49:07,207
How about because this is the
most important fucking thing
981
00:49:07,240 --> 00:49:09,242
to ever happen
in the history of the world.
982
00:49:09,276 --> 00:49:10,710
How about that?
983
00:49:11,278 --> 00:49:12,712
Fuck.
984
00:49:17,650 --> 00:49:20,019
They are not gonna
let me onto this project.
985
00:49:20,053 --> 00:49:22,122
And failing a security check
is not gonna be good
986
00:49:22,155 --> 00:49:23,823
for a career,
even after the war.
987
00:49:23,856 --> 00:49:26,625
So you're a fellow traveler.
So what?
988
00:49:26,659 --> 00:49:28,027
This is a national emergency.
989
00:49:28,061 --> 00:49:31,231
I've got some skeletons,
they put me in charge.
990
00:49:31,264 --> 00:49:32,565
They need us.
991
00:49:32,598 --> 00:49:34,767
Until they don't.
992
00:49:37,837 --> 00:49:40,240
Is there any chance of getting
Bohr out of Denmark?
993
00:49:40,273 --> 00:49:43,276
Nah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
994
00:49:43,310 --> 00:49:45,611
Until we get Allied boots
back onto the continent,
995
00:49:45,644 --> 00:49:47,047
there's just no way.
996
00:49:48,581 --> 00:49:50,016
Is he that important?
997
00:49:50,050 --> 00:49:53,086
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
998
00:49:54,154 --> 00:49:56,256
You know, it really would
be quicker to take a plane.
999
00:49:56,289 --> 00:49:58,024
No, plane's too risky.
1000
00:49:58,058 --> 00:50:00,526
Country needs us.
1001
00:50:02,895 --> 00:50:03,996
The Harvard guys,
1002
00:50:04,031 --> 00:50:06,599
they say the building's
too small for the cyclotron.
1003
00:50:08,834 --> 00:50:10,736
Get them together
with the architects.
1004
00:50:13,939 --> 00:50:15,941
When's this place
supposed to open?
1005
00:50:19,046 --> 00:50:19,845
Two months.
1006
00:50:20,980 --> 00:50:23,250
Robert, you're
the great improviser,
1007
00:50:23,283 --> 00:50:25,318
but this...
1008
00:50:25,352 --> 00:50:26,952
you can't do in your head.
1009
00:50:27,987 --> 00:50:29,588
Four divisions.
1010
00:50:30,723 --> 00:50:34,327
Experimental, Theoretical,
Metallurgical, Ordnance.
1011
00:50:34,361 --> 00:50:35,328
Who's running Theoretical?
1012
00:50:35,362 --> 00:50:36,762
I am.
1013
00:50:36,796 --> 00:50:37,997
That's what I was afraid of.
1014
00:50:38,031 --> 00:50:39,899
You're spread too thin.
1015
00:50:41,101 --> 00:50:42,802
So you take Theoretical.
1016
00:50:45,372 --> 00:50:48,607
I'm not coming here, Robert.
1017
00:50:54,247 --> 00:50:55,915
Why not?
1018
00:51:01,787 --> 00:51:05,858
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
1019
00:51:07,127 --> 00:51:09,762
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
1020
00:51:09,795 --> 00:51:12,199
to be a weapon
of mass destruction.
1021
00:51:21,408 --> 00:51:22,741
Izzy.
1022
00:51:23,876 --> 00:51:28,013
I don't know if we can
be trusted with such a weapon.
1023
00:51:29,382 --> 00:51:32,685
But I know the Nazis can't.
1024
00:51:36,089 --> 00:51:38,891
We have no choice.
1025
00:51:40,293 --> 00:51:41,727
Then...
1026
00:51:43,063 --> 00:51:45,432
...the second thing
you'll have to do is appoint
1027
00:51:45,465 --> 00:51:47,733
Hans Bethe to run
the Theoretical division.
1028
00:51:50,103 --> 00:51:51,937
Wait, what was the first?
1029
00:51:51,971 --> 00:51:54,441
Take off
that ridiculous uniform.
1030
00:51:54,474 --> 00:51:55,674
You're a scientist.
1031
00:51:55,708 --> 00:51:57,310
Groves is insisting we join.
1032
00:51:57,344 --> 00:51:59,778
Tell Groves to go
shit in his hat.
1033
00:51:59,812 --> 00:52:03,283
They need us for who we are.
So be yourself.
1034
00:52:03,316 --> 00:52:05,285
Only better.
1035
00:52:44,324 --> 00:52:46,359
This is the only key.
1036
00:52:46,393 --> 00:52:47,826
And Teller's already here.
1037
00:52:47,860 --> 00:52:49,728
Shall I just show him in?
1038
00:52:49,762 --> 00:52:51,431
No, let's wait for the others.
1039
00:52:59,372 --> 00:53:00,373
Let's get started.
1040
00:53:00,407 --> 00:53:02,475
Hello, Edward.
1041
00:53:02,509 --> 00:53:04,211
Yes.
1042
00:53:04,244 --> 00:53:05,945
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
1043
00:53:05,978 --> 00:53:08,981
until the T-section
at Los Alamos is finished.
1044
00:53:09,014 --> 00:53:11,318
-Edward, can I please...
-It is more important.
1045
00:53:13,386 --> 00:53:15,355
When I calculated
the chain reaction,
1046
00:53:15,388 --> 00:53:18,091
I found a rather
troubling possibility.
1047
00:53:18,124 --> 00:53:20,227
No.
1048
00:53:20,260 --> 00:53:21,494
But this can't be right.
1049
00:53:21,528 --> 00:53:23,463
Show me how
you did your calculations.
1050
00:53:23,496 --> 00:53:24,897
Yes.
1051
00:53:28,401 --> 00:53:29,469
It's exponential.
1052
00:53:29,502 --> 00:53:31,971
No. No, no, no. No.
1053
00:53:34,507 --> 00:53:36,509
This is fantasy.
1054
00:53:36,543 --> 00:53:38,811
Teller's calculations
can't be right.
1055
00:53:38,844 --> 00:53:41,514
Do them yourself
while I go to Princeton.
1056
00:53:41,548 --> 00:53:43,383
-What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
1057
00:53:43,416 --> 00:53:45,985
Well, there's not much
common ground between you two.
1058
00:53:46,018 --> 00:53:49,055
That's why
I should get his view.
1059
00:53:52,492 --> 00:53:54,494
-Albert.
-Hmm?
1060
00:53:54,527 --> 00:53:57,430
Ah. Dr. Oppenheimer.
1061
00:53:57,464 --> 00:53:58,931
Well, have you met Dr. Gödel?
1062
00:53:58,964 --> 00:54:00,533
We walk here most days.
1063
00:54:00,567 --> 00:54:05,372
Trees are the most
inspiring structures.
1064
00:54:05,405 --> 00:54:06,872
Albert, might I have a word?
1065
00:54:06,905 --> 00:54:10,310
Of course. 'Scuse me, Kurt.
1066
00:54:11,311 --> 00:54:14,247
You know, some days,
Kurt refuses to eat.
1067
00:54:14,281 --> 00:54:15,881
Even in Princeton.
1068
00:54:15,914 --> 00:54:19,018
He's convinced that the Nazis
can poison his food.
1069
00:54:19,052 --> 00:54:20,320
Mm.
1070
00:54:20,353 --> 00:54:22,188
Hmm? Huh.
1071
00:54:24,057 --> 00:54:25,891
Wha...
1072
00:54:30,430 --> 00:54:33,266
Whose... Whose work is this?
1073
00:54:33,300 --> 00:54:34,334
Teller's.
1074
00:54:35,468 --> 00:54:37,936
What do you take it to mean?
1075
00:54:37,970 --> 00:54:39,905
Neutrons smash into nucleus,
1076
00:54:39,938 --> 00:54:43,976
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
1077
00:54:44,009 --> 00:54:46,212
Criticality,
a point of no return,
1078
00:54:46,246 --> 00:54:47,846
massive explosive force.
1079
00:54:47,880 --> 00:54:50,216
But this time,
the chain reaction doesn't stop.
1080
00:54:51,117 --> 00:54:54,087
It would ignite the atmosphere.
1081
00:54:55,155 --> 00:54:57,123
When we detonate
an atomic device,
1082
00:54:57,157 --> 00:54:59,326
we might start
a chain reaction that...
1083
00:55:00,293 --> 00:55:01,827
...destroys the world.
1084
00:55:02,995 --> 00:55:04,897
So here we are, hmm?
1085
00:55:04,930 --> 00:55:09,235
Lost in your quantum world
of probabilities
1086
00:55:09,269 --> 00:55:11,003
and needing certainty.
1087
00:55:11,037 --> 00:55:13,906
Can you run
the calculations yourself?
1088
00:55:13,939 --> 00:55:15,342
About the only thing
1089
00:55:15,375 --> 00:55:18,645
you and I have in common
is a disdain for mathematics.
1090
00:55:18,678 --> 00:55:21,247
Who's working on this
in-in Berkeley?
1091
00:55:21,281 --> 00:55:22,582
Hans Bethe.
1092
00:55:22,615 --> 00:55:24,451
Well, he'll get to the truth.
1093
00:55:26,086 --> 00:55:28,954
And if the truth
is catastrophic?
1094
00:55:28,987 --> 00:55:30,290
Then you stop.
1095
00:55:30,323 --> 00:55:34,060
And you share your findings
with the Nazis.
1096
00:55:34,094 --> 00:55:37,230
So neither side
destroys the world.
1097
00:55:40,433 --> 00:55:41,468
Robert.
1098
00:55:42,935 --> 00:55:46,139
This is yours, not mine.
1099
00:55:59,017 --> 00:56:00,420
Teller's wrong.
1100
00:56:00,453 --> 00:56:01,654
He's wrong.
1101
00:56:11,331 --> 00:56:14,033
When you know
Teller's critical assumptions,
1102
00:56:14,067 --> 00:56:15,402
the real picture emerges.
1103
00:56:15,435 --> 00:56:17,237
Bottom line?
1104
00:56:17,270 --> 00:56:19,372
The chances of an uncontrolled
nuclear reaction
1105
00:56:19,406 --> 00:56:20,407
are near zero.
1106
00:56:20,440 --> 00:56:23,076
Near zero.
1107
00:56:23,109 --> 00:56:25,378
-Oppie, this is good news.
-Mm.
1108
00:56:26,713 --> 00:56:27,946
Can you run them again?
1109
00:56:27,980 --> 00:56:29,716
No, you'll get the same answer.
1110
00:56:29,749 --> 00:56:31,317
Till they actually detonate
one of these things,
1111
00:56:31,351 --> 00:56:34,187
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
1112
00:56:34,220 --> 00:56:35,288
Near zero.
1113
00:56:37,490 --> 00:56:40,160
Theory
will take you only so far.
1114
00:56:40,193 --> 00:56:41,694
-Mm.
-Hello!
1115
00:56:41,728 --> 00:56:43,029
-Hello, you.
-Hi.
1116
00:56:43,062 --> 00:56:44,397
We missed him.
1117
00:56:44,431 --> 00:56:45,565
You want to adopt?
1118
00:56:45,598 --> 00:56:46,999
She's kidding.
1119
00:56:47,033 --> 00:56:48,967
We wanted to see you
before we left.
1120
00:56:49,001 --> 00:56:52,172
For parts unknown.
1121
00:56:52,205 --> 00:56:54,741
You know who
I ran into the other day?
1122
00:56:54,774 --> 00:56:56,409
Eltenton.
1123
00:56:56,443 --> 00:56:57,710
Oh.
1124
00:56:57,744 --> 00:56:59,446
The chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
1125
00:56:59,479 --> 00:57:03,349
Yeah. He...
The, uh, F.A.E.C.T. guy.
1126
00:57:03,383 --> 00:57:06,753
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
1127
00:57:06,786 --> 00:57:08,987
How so?
1128
00:57:09,021 --> 00:57:11,758
Lack of cooperation
with our allies.
1129
00:57:11,791 --> 00:57:14,127
Apparently
our government's not sharing
1130
00:57:14,160 --> 00:57:16,262
any research with the Russians.
1131
00:57:16,296 --> 00:57:17,263
Well, he said,
1132
00:57:17,297 --> 00:57:20,033
"Most scientists think
the policy is stupid."
1133
00:57:23,369 --> 00:57:25,205
-Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
1134
00:57:25,238 --> 00:57:27,607
He mentioned that if anyone
1135
00:57:27,640 --> 00:57:30,610
had anything
they wanted to pass on,
1136
00:57:30,643 --> 00:57:32,479
uh, going around
official channels,
1137
00:57:32,512 --> 00:57:34,447
that he could help.
1138
00:57:43,089 --> 00:57:44,757
That would be treason.
1139
00:57:44,791 --> 00:57:47,627
Yes, of course.
1140
00:57:47,660 --> 00:57:49,462
I just thought you should know.
1141
00:57:52,599 --> 00:57:54,067
The brat is down.
1142
00:57:54,100 --> 00:57:55,468
Where are the martinis?
1143
00:58:00,673 --> 00:58:02,175
Coming right up.
1144
00:58:02,208 --> 00:58:03,676
Conversation ended there.
1145
00:58:03,710 --> 00:58:05,812
Nothing in our
long-standing friendship
1146
00:58:05,845 --> 00:58:07,413
would have led me to believe
1147
00:58:07,447 --> 00:58:10,183
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
1148
00:58:10,216 --> 00:58:12,685
and I am certain
that he had no idea
1149
00:58:12,719 --> 00:58:15,020
of the work in which
I was engaged.
1150
00:58:19,559 --> 00:58:21,528
It has long been clear to me
1151
00:58:21,561 --> 00:58:24,264
that I should have reported
this incident at once.
1152
00:58:24,297 --> 00:58:25,798
The Oppenheimer situation
1153
00:58:25,832 --> 00:58:28,735
highlights the tension
between scientists
1154
00:58:28,768 --> 00:58:30,370
and the security apparatus.
1155
00:58:30,403 --> 00:58:32,272
In hopes of learning
how the nominee handled
1156
00:58:32,305 --> 00:58:34,641
such issues during
his time at the AEC,
1157
00:58:34,674 --> 00:58:38,177
we'll have a scientist
appearing before the committee.
1158
00:58:38,845 --> 00:58:40,413
Who are they bringing in?
1159
00:58:40,446 --> 00:58:41,414
They hadn't said.
1160
00:58:41,447 --> 00:58:42,815
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
1161
00:58:42,849 --> 00:58:45,385
I'm nominated
for Commerce Secretary.
1162
00:58:45,418 --> 00:58:47,720
Why seek the opinion
of scientists?
1163
00:58:47,754 --> 00:58:50,089
This is a Cabinet post, Admiral.
1164
00:58:50,123 --> 00:58:52,292
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1165
00:58:52,325 --> 00:58:55,128
Well, I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1166
00:58:55,161 --> 00:58:56,663
I'd like the chance
to cross-examine.
1167
00:58:56,696 --> 00:58:58,831
This is not a court.
1168
00:58:58,865 --> 00:59:01,267
Formality, huh?
1169
00:59:01,301 --> 00:59:02,569
No presidential Cabinet nominee
1170
00:59:02,602 --> 00:59:05,171
has failed to be confirmed
since 1925.
1171
00:59:05,204 --> 00:59:07,307
This is just how
the game is played.
1172
00:59:07,340 --> 00:59:08,641
It's in the bag, Lewis.
1173
00:59:08,675 --> 00:59:09,876
So play nice.
1174
00:59:09,909 --> 00:59:12,178
They bring in a scientist,
so what?
1175
00:59:12,211 --> 00:59:14,213
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1176
00:59:14,247 --> 00:59:16,282
They resent anyone
who questions their judgment,
1177
00:59:16,316 --> 00:59:18,318
especially if you're
not one of them.
1178
00:59:18,351 --> 00:59:19,652
I was chair of the AEC.
1179
00:59:19,686 --> 00:59:22,121
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1180
00:59:22,155 --> 00:59:23,456
We can't have
the Senate thinking
1181
00:59:23,489 --> 00:59:26,593
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1182
00:59:26,626 --> 00:59:28,461
Or should we pivot?
1183
00:59:28,494 --> 00:59:30,463
-To what?
-And embrace it.
1184
00:59:30,496 --> 00:59:33,266
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1185
00:59:33,299 --> 00:59:34,867
I-I don't think
we need to go there.
1186
00:59:34,901 --> 00:59:37,170
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1187
00:59:37,203 --> 00:59:38,638
-Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
1188
00:59:38,671 --> 00:59:40,740
Can you get the name of
the scientist they've called?
1189
00:59:40,773 --> 00:59:42,342
-Probably.
-Find out if he was
1190
00:59:42,375 --> 00:59:44,744
based in Chicago
or Los Alamos during the war.
1191
00:59:44,777 --> 00:59:46,145
Why does that matter?
1192
00:59:46,179 --> 00:59:47,380
Well, if he was
based in Chicago,
1193
00:59:47,413 --> 00:59:48,815
then he worked
under Szilard and Fermi,
1194
00:59:48,848 --> 00:59:51,150
not the cult of Oppie
at Los Alamos.
1195
00:59:51,184 --> 00:59:52,418
Robert built that damn place.
1196
00:59:52,452 --> 00:59:55,221
He was founder, mayor, sheriff,
1197
00:59:55,254 --> 00:59:56,656
all rolled into one.
1198
01:00:09,602 --> 01:00:11,404
All it needs is a saloon.
1199
01:00:39,832 --> 01:00:42,402
There's no kitchen.
1200
01:00:42,435 --> 01:00:46,372
Really? We'll fix that.
1201
01:00:52,278 --> 01:00:55,682
Barbed wire, guns.
1202
01:00:55,715 --> 01:00:56,816
Oppie.
1203
01:00:56,849 --> 01:00:58,484
We're at war, Hans.
1204
01:01:00,887 --> 01:01:03,456
Halifax. 1917.
1205
01:01:03,489 --> 01:01:06,459
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1206
01:01:08,861 --> 01:01:11,798
A vast and sudden
chemical reaction.
1207
01:01:15,468 --> 01:01:18,304
The biggest man-made
explosion in history.
1208
01:01:18,337 --> 01:01:20,306
Now let's calculate
how much more destructive
1209
01:01:20,339 --> 01:01:23,009
it would have been
if it were a nuclear
1210
01:01:23,043 --> 01:01:24,711
and not a chemical reaction.
1211
01:01:24,744 --> 01:01:28,381
Expressing power in terms
of tons of TNT.
1212
01:01:28,414 --> 01:01:29,916
But it will be thousands.
1213
01:01:29,949 --> 01:01:33,386
Well, then kilotons.
1214
01:01:36,956 --> 01:01:40,326
Using U-235,
1215
01:01:40,359 --> 01:01:42,929
-the bomb will need a...
-Uh-uh.
1216
01:01:42,962 --> 01:01:46,033
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
1217
01:01:46,066 --> 01:01:47,533
about this size.
1218
01:01:47,567 --> 01:01:51,370
Or using plutonium,
the ten-pound sphere.
1219
01:01:52,772 --> 01:01:54,006
Here's the amount of uranium
1220
01:01:54,041 --> 01:01:57,376
Oak Ridge refined
all of last month.
1221
01:01:59,779 --> 01:02:03,783
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1222
01:02:04,917 --> 01:02:08,020
Now, if we can enrich
these amounts,
1223
01:02:08,055 --> 01:02:10,857
we need a way to detonate them.
1224
01:02:10,890 --> 01:02:12,992
Are we boring you, Edward?
1225
01:02:13,025 --> 01:02:14,627
A little bit, yes.
1226
01:02:14,660 --> 01:02:15,895
May I ask why?
1227
01:02:15,928 --> 01:02:17,363
We all entered this room
1228
01:02:17,396 --> 01:02:19,332
knowing a fission bomb
was possible.
1229
01:02:19,365 --> 01:02:21,968
How 'bout we leave it
with something new?
1230
01:02:22,001 --> 01:02:23,002
Such as?
1231
01:02:23,036 --> 01:02:25,772
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
1232
01:02:25,805 --> 01:02:26,806
we use hydrogen.
1233
01:02:28,374 --> 01:02:29,976
-Heavy hydrogen.
-Hydrogen.
1234
01:02:30,009 --> 01:02:32,779
Deuterium. You see?
1235
01:02:32,812 --> 01:02:34,514
We compact the atoms together
1236
01:02:34,547 --> 01:02:37,617
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
1237
01:02:38,551 --> 01:02:41,387
Then we'll get not kilotons,
1238
01:02:41,420 --> 01:02:42,488
but megatons.
1239
01:02:42,522 --> 01:02:43,456
A big fission reaction...
1240
01:02:43,489 --> 01:02:45,058
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1241
01:02:45,092 --> 01:02:49,796
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1242
01:02:49,829 --> 01:02:51,898
A small fission bomb.
1243
01:02:51,931 --> 01:02:53,633
There we are.
1244
01:02:55,568 --> 01:02:57,370
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1245
01:02:57,403 --> 01:02:59,372
can we get back
to the business at hand?
1246
01:02:59,405 --> 01:03:00,740
The isotopes issue
1247
01:03:00,773 --> 01:03:04,410
wasn't your most important
policy disagreement
1248
01:03:04,443 --> 01:03:06,079
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1249
01:03:06,113 --> 01:03:08,514
It was the hydrogen bomb,
wasn't it?
1250
01:03:08,548 --> 01:03:11,417
Uh, as colleagues,
we agreed to disagree
1251
01:03:11,450 --> 01:03:13,452
on a great many things, uh,
1252
01:03:13,486 --> 01:03:14,720
and, well, one of them
1253
01:03:14,754 --> 01:03:17,824
was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1254
01:03:30,670 --> 01:03:33,439
Thanks for convening
on short notice.
1255
01:03:33,472 --> 01:03:34,941
I can't believe it.
1256
01:03:35,942 --> 01:03:37,476
Well, here we are.
1257
01:03:37,510 --> 01:03:39,512
Catch me up. What do we know?
1258
01:03:39,545 --> 01:03:42,049
One of our B-29s
over the North Pacific
1259
01:03:42,082 --> 01:03:43,583
has detected radiation.
1260
01:03:43,616 --> 01:03:45,384
Do we have the filter papers?
1261
01:03:45,418 --> 01:03:47,420
There's no doubt what this is.
1262
01:03:47,453 --> 01:03:48,654
White House says
there's a doubt.
1263
01:03:48,688 --> 01:03:50,123
Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1264
01:03:50,157 --> 01:03:52,859
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1265
01:03:53,793 --> 01:03:55,862
It's an atomic test.
1266
01:03:58,497 --> 01:03:59,899
The Russians have a bomb.
1267
01:03:59,932 --> 01:04:03,669
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but some...
1268
01:04:03,703 --> 01:04:06,005
What were you guys
doing at Los Alamos?
1269
01:04:06,039 --> 01:04:07,174
Wasn't security tight?
1270
01:04:07,207 --> 01:04:08,708
Of course it was.
You weren't there.
1271
01:04:08,741 --> 01:04:11,144
-It was...
-Forgive me, Doctor...
1272
01:04:11,178 --> 01:04:13,613
but I was there.
1273
01:04:14,680 --> 01:04:16,015
We can now consider
1274
01:04:16,049 --> 01:04:17,984
the actual mechanics
of detonation.
1275
01:04:18,017 --> 01:04:19,152
Any ideas?
1276
01:04:19,186 --> 01:04:20,920
I call this "shooting."
1277
01:04:20,953 --> 01:04:24,490
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1278
01:04:24,523 --> 01:04:27,026
with enough force
to achieve criticality.
1279
01:04:27,060 --> 01:04:28,728
What do we think? Anyone?
1280
01:04:28,761 --> 01:04:30,563
I've been
thinking about implosion.
1281
01:04:30,596 --> 01:04:32,565
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards,
1282
01:04:32,598 --> 01:04:34,634
crushing the material.
1283
01:04:34,667 --> 01:04:36,602
I'd like to investigate
that idea.
1284
01:04:36,636 --> 01:04:38,938
I'll talk to Ordnance,
get you blowing things up.
1285
01:04:39,939 --> 01:04:41,041
Progress?
1286
01:04:41,074 --> 01:04:42,909
Nice to see you too.
1287
01:04:42,942 --> 01:04:44,710
Meet the British contingent.
1288
01:04:44,744 --> 01:04:46,579
Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs.
1289
01:04:46,612 --> 01:04:48,481
How long have you been British?
1290
01:04:48,514 --> 01:04:49,715
Since Hitler told me
I wasn't German.
1291
01:04:49,749 --> 01:04:53,552
Uh-huh.
Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1292
01:04:53,586 --> 01:04:55,454
School's up and running.
1293
01:04:55,488 --> 01:04:57,790
Bar. Always running.
1294
01:04:57,823 --> 01:05:00,826
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1295
01:05:01,794 --> 01:05:03,796
-Is that...
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
1296
01:05:03,829 --> 01:05:05,232
I've offered jobs
to all the wives.
1297
01:05:05,265 --> 01:05:06,732
Admin, librarians, computation.
1298
01:05:06,766 --> 01:05:09,069
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1299
01:05:09,102 --> 01:05:11,671
-Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
1300
01:05:11,704 --> 01:05:14,074
These are some of the brightest
minds in our community.
1301
01:05:14,107 --> 01:05:15,675
And they're already
security cleared.
1302
01:05:15,708 --> 01:05:17,576
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding
1303
01:05:17,610 --> 01:05:19,079
cross-divisional
open discussions
1304
01:05:19,112 --> 01:05:20,813
-on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
1305
01:05:20,846 --> 01:05:23,183
Compartmentalization is the
key to maintaining security...
1306
01:05:23,216 --> 01:05:24,717
It's only the top men.
1307
01:05:24,750 --> 01:05:26,585
Who presumably communicate
with subordinates.
1308
01:05:26,619 --> 01:05:27,820
These men aren't stupid.
1309
01:05:27,853 --> 01:05:29,689
-They can be discreet.
-I don't like it.
1310
01:05:29,722 --> 01:05:32,625
You don't like anything enough
for that to be a fair test.
1311
01:05:38,165 --> 01:05:40,700
Once a week. Top men only.
1312
01:05:40,733 --> 01:05:42,102
I'd like to bring
my brother here.
1313
01:05:42,135 --> 01:05:43,602
No.
1314
01:05:44,237 --> 01:05:46,005
Uh, Nichols...
1315
01:05:47,140 --> 01:05:49,076
I still haven't heard
that my security clearance
1316
01:05:49,109 --> 01:05:50,676
-has been approved.
-It hasn't.
1317
01:05:50,710 --> 01:05:52,079
We're going to Chicago tomorrow.
1318
01:05:52,112 --> 01:05:53,146
No, you should wait.
1319
01:05:54,348 --> 01:05:55,449
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start.
1320
01:05:55,481 --> 01:05:58,551
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1321
01:05:58,584 --> 01:06:00,586
is proving difficult to obtain
is not my fault.
1322
01:06:00,619 --> 01:06:01,887
It's yours.
1323
01:06:01,921 --> 01:06:03,856
May not be your fault,
but it's your problem.
1324
01:06:03,889 --> 01:06:04,890
Because I'm going.
1325
01:06:04,924 --> 01:06:08,694
And how many people
were in these, uh,
1326
01:06:08,728 --> 01:06:10,930
-open discussions?
-Too many.
1327
01:06:10,963 --> 01:06:12,299
Compartmentalization was
supposed to be the protocol.
1328
01:06:12,332 --> 01:06:14,267
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1329
01:06:14,301 --> 01:06:16,736
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
1330
01:06:16,769 --> 01:06:18,271
-Not unless we start it.
-Robert.
1331
01:06:18,305 --> 01:06:21,707
They just fired a starting gun.
1332
01:06:21,741 --> 01:06:23,709
What's the nature
of the device they detonated?
1333
01:06:23,743 --> 01:06:25,278
The data indicates
it may have been
1334
01:06:25,312 --> 01:06:27,613
a plutonium implosion device.
1335
01:06:27,646 --> 01:06:30,750
Like the one you built
at Los Alamos.
1336
01:06:30,783 --> 01:06:32,618
The Russians have a bomb,
1337
01:06:32,651 --> 01:06:33,919
Truman needs to know
what's next.
1338
01:06:33,953 --> 01:06:35,755
What's next? Arms talks.
1339
01:06:35,788 --> 01:06:37,656
-Arms talks.
-Obviously.
1340
01:06:38,591 --> 01:06:39,792
What about the Super?
1341
01:06:39,825 --> 01:06:41,560
Does Truman even know about it?
1342
01:06:41,594 --> 01:06:43,596
Did we brief him on that?
1343
01:06:43,629 --> 01:06:44,697
Not specifically.
1344
01:06:44,730 --> 01:06:46,033
We still don't know
1345
01:06:46,066 --> 01:06:47,833
if a hydrogen bomb's
technically feasible.
1346
01:06:47,867 --> 01:06:49,769
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it?
1347
01:06:49,802 --> 01:06:51,637
-Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
1348
01:06:51,670 --> 01:06:53,306
Teller's designs have always
been wildly impractical.
1349
01:06:53,340 --> 01:06:55,674
You'd have to deliver
by ox cart.
1350
01:06:55,708 --> 01:06:56,976
-Not airplane.
-Oppie.
1351
01:06:57,009 --> 01:07:00,713
I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
you want to comment?
1352
01:07:01,947 --> 01:07:03,050
No.
1353
01:07:04,917 --> 01:07:07,187
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1354
01:07:07,220 --> 01:07:10,257
the President
of the United States
1355
01:07:10,290 --> 01:07:12,292
needs to know about it.
1356
01:07:13,826 --> 01:07:15,628
And if the Russians
know about it already,
1357
01:07:15,661 --> 01:07:18,664
from a spy at Los Alamos,
1358
01:07:18,697 --> 01:07:19,999
then we've gotta get going.
1359
01:07:20,033 --> 01:07:23,002
There's no proof there was
a spy at Los Alamos.
1360
01:07:23,036 --> 01:07:24,104
Robert.
1361
01:07:28,941 --> 01:07:30,709
They put it under
the football stadium?
1362
01:07:30,743 --> 01:07:32,678
The field's not in use anymore.
1363
01:07:32,711 --> 01:07:34,947
Just as well.
1364
01:07:36,249 --> 01:07:38,684
-Oppie.
-Dr. Fermi.
1365
01:07:41,388 --> 01:07:42,721
I hear you got a little town.
1366
01:07:42,755 --> 01:07:43,989
Yes. Come and see.
1367
01:07:45,724 --> 01:07:49,829
Who could think straight
in a place like that? Huh?
1368
01:07:49,862 --> 01:07:51,797
Everybody will go crazy.
1369
01:07:51,831 --> 01:07:55,701
Thank you for the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1370
01:07:55,734 --> 01:07:59,372
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1371
01:07:59,406 --> 01:08:01,841
When are you going
to try it out?
1372
01:08:01,874 --> 01:08:02,908
We did.
1373
01:08:02,942 --> 01:08:07,314
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1374
01:08:07,347 --> 01:08:08,981
Didn't Groves tell you?
1375
01:08:09,014 --> 01:08:10,649
No.
1376
01:08:15,155 --> 01:08:18,258
One at a time, please,
one at a time.
1377
01:08:18,291 --> 01:08:19,758
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1378
01:08:20,860 --> 01:08:23,330
I tried Personnel.
They asked if I could type.
1379
01:08:23,363 --> 01:08:24,663
Can you?
1380
01:08:24,697 --> 01:08:25,831
Harvard forgot to teach that
1381
01:08:25,865 --> 01:08:27,700
on the graduate
chemistry course.
1382
01:08:29,069 --> 01:08:31,971
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here
on the plutonium team.
1383
01:08:37,743 --> 01:08:39,412
What the hell
were you doing in Chicago?
1384
01:08:39,446 --> 01:08:40,913
Visiting the Met?
1385
01:08:40,946 --> 01:08:41,947
-Why? Why?
-Well, you can't talk to...
1386
01:08:41,981 --> 01:08:44,016
Because we have every right...
1387
01:08:44,050 --> 01:08:46,386
You have just the rights
that I give you.
1388
01:08:46,419 --> 01:08:47,887
No more, no less.
1389
01:08:47,920 --> 01:08:50,357
We are adults
trying to run a project here.
1390
01:08:50,390 --> 01:08:52,092
This is ridiculous.
1391
01:08:52,125 --> 01:08:53,893
Tell him.
1392
01:08:53,926 --> 01:08:57,063
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1393
01:08:58,198 --> 01:08:59,432
Enough of this madhouse.
1394
01:08:59,466 --> 01:09:01,834
Nobody can work
under these conditions.
1395
01:09:01,867 --> 01:09:06,306
You know what, Generalissimo?
I quit.
1396
01:09:06,339 --> 01:09:07,740
Thanks for nothing.
1397
01:09:09,842 --> 01:09:11,344
Better off without him.
1398
01:09:12,778 --> 01:09:13,812
Aren't you more concerned
1399
01:09:13,846 --> 01:09:16,216
about his discretion out there?
1400
01:09:16,249 --> 01:09:18,652
We'll have him killed.
1401
01:09:19,486 --> 01:09:22,055
I was just kidding.
1402
01:09:22,088 --> 01:09:25,024
-No, he hates me, not America.
-You know, General,
1403
01:09:25,058 --> 01:09:27,394
not everyone has levers
to pull like mine.
1404
01:09:27,427 --> 01:09:29,262
I don't think I understand.
1405
01:09:29,296 --> 01:09:31,464
You didn't hire me
despite my left-wing past.
1406
01:09:31,498 --> 01:09:33,233
You hired me because of it.
1407
01:09:34,234 --> 01:09:36,203
So you could control me.
1408
01:09:36,236 --> 01:09:38,837
Well, I'm not that subtle.
1409
01:09:38,871 --> 01:09:40,906
I'm just a humble soldier.
1410
01:09:40,940 --> 01:09:42,442
You're neither humble
nor just a soldier.
1411
01:09:42,475 --> 01:09:43,476
You studied engineering at MIT.
1412
01:09:43,510 --> 01:09:45,345
Guilty as charged.
1413
01:09:45,378 --> 01:09:46,879
Well, now we understand
each other,
1414
01:09:46,912 --> 01:09:48,348
perhaps you can get me
my security clearance
1415
01:09:48,381 --> 01:09:51,184
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1416
01:09:56,089 --> 01:09:57,823
General Groves, were you aware
1417
01:09:57,856 --> 01:10:00,160
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
left-wing associations
1418
01:10:00,193 --> 01:10:01,860
when you appointed him?
1419
01:10:01,894 --> 01:10:03,530
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1420
01:10:03,563 --> 01:10:05,432
I was aware he had
a very extreme
1421
01:10:05,465 --> 01:10:06,832
liberal background.
1422
01:10:06,865 --> 01:10:08,468
In your opinion,
would he ever consciously
1423
01:10:08,501 --> 01:10:09,802
commit a disloyal act?
1424
01:10:09,835 --> 01:10:11,438
I would be amazed if he did.
1425
01:10:11,471 --> 01:10:14,541
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity.
1426
01:10:14,574 --> 01:10:15,975
At Los Alamos, yes,
1427
01:10:16,008 --> 01:10:17,344
which is where
I really knew him.
1428
01:10:17,377 --> 01:10:19,346
General,
did your security officers
1429
01:10:19,379 --> 01:10:20,846
on the project advise you
1430
01:10:20,879 --> 01:10:22,349
against the clearance
of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1431
01:10:22,382 --> 01:10:26,186
They could not and would not
clear him until I insisted.
1432
01:10:26,219 --> 01:10:28,854
And it's safe to say that you
had a pretty good knowledge
1433
01:10:28,887 --> 01:10:30,123
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
security file.
1434
01:10:30,156 --> 01:10:31,824
I did.
1435
01:10:31,857 --> 01:10:33,025
Well, then there's only
really one question
1436
01:10:33,059 --> 01:10:34,527
I need answered here today.
1437
01:10:34,561 --> 01:10:36,263
In light of
the current AEC guidelines,
1438
01:10:36,296 --> 01:10:38,998
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1439
01:10:39,032 --> 01:10:41,101
Do you have the guidelines?
1440
01:10:48,174 --> 01:10:50,843
Under current AEC guidelines,
1441
01:10:50,876 --> 01:10:52,911
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1442
01:11:05,125 --> 01:11:08,927
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1443
01:11:08,961 --> 01:11:11,997
My God. What a trek.
1444
01:11:12,032 --> 01:11:13,500
That's why you need a liaison.
1445
01:11:13,533 --> 01:11:15,068
I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1446
01:11:16,236 --> 01:11:17,304
You're gonna be okay.
1447
01:11:17,337 --> 01:11:18,505
This way, gentlemen.
1448
01:11:28,481 --> 01:11:30,317
-Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
1449
01:11:30,350 --> 01:11:32,918
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about in Berkeley.
1450
01:11:32,951 --> 01:11:35,288
Compartmentalization.
I understand completely.
1451
01:11:38,458 --> 01:11:39,459
Okay.
1452
01:11:40,627 --> 01:11:42,062
Thank you.
1453
01:11:49,968 --> 01:11:51,204
Greetings from Berkeley.
1454
01:11:51,237 --> 01:11:53,373
I am here to update you
on our progress
1455
01:11:53,406 --> 01:11:54,940
and solicit your input.
1456
01:11:54,973 --> 01:11:56,343
To do so,
I am going to have to share
1457
01:11:56,376 --> 01:12:00,046
a few things that
General Groves told me not to.
1458
01:12:00,080 --> 01:12:01,880
Sorry, General,
I said I understood,
1459
01:12:01,914 --> 01:12:02,981
not that I agreed.
1460
01:12:03,015 --> 01:12:04,551
'Kay.
1461
01:12:04,584 --> 01:12:06,619
Gentlemen, to business.
1462
01:12:06,653 --> 01:12:09,021
There were rumors of espionage
at Los Alamos.
1463
01:12:09,055 --> 01:12:10,523
Unsubstantiated.
Unsubstantiated.
1464
01:12:10,557 --> 01:12:12,024
I'm told
1465
01:12:12,058 --> 01:12:13,360
that there were Communists
on the project.
1466
01:12:13,393 --> 01:12:15,161
We didn't knowingly
employ any Communists.
1467
01:12:15,195 --> 01:12:16,962
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1468
01:12:16,995 --> 01:12:18,465
in discussions of the Super?
1469
01:12:18,498 --> 01:12:20,667
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1470
01:12:20,700 --> 01:12:22,968
My brother had left
the Party by then.
1471
01:12:23,001 --> 01:12:24,237
What about Lomanitz?
1472
01:12:24,270 --> 01:12:26,004
Lomanitz was never
employed at Los Alamos.
1473
01:12:26,039 --> 01:12:27,040
He was a liaison.
1474
01:12:27,073 --> 01:12:28,241
Our security was tight,
1475
01:12:28,274 --> 01:12:29,642
as former Colonel Nichols
well knows.
1476
01:12:29,676 --> 01:12:31,244
Our security was as tight
as it could be
1477
01:12:31,277 --> 01:12:32,645
given the personalities
involved,
1478
01:12:32,679 --> 01:12:34,514
but attempts were made.
1479
01:12:34,547 --> 01:12:35,548
What is that supposed to mean?
1480
01:12:35,582 --> 01:12:37,150
We've all read his file here.
1481
01:12:38,184 --> 01:12:40,186
Do we need to talk
about Jean Tatlock?
1482
01:12:40,720 --> 01:12:42,888
Or the Chevalier incident?
1483
01:12:47,494 --> 01:12:48,894
'Scuse me.
1484
01:12:52,198 --> 01:12:54,167
That's Lomanitz, line one.
1485
01:13:00,039 --> 01:13:01,074
Hello, Rossi.
1486
01:13:01,107 --> 01:13:04,310
What? O-Okay, just calm down.
1487
01:13:05,278 --> 01:13:08,515
There's been another screw-up.
Lomanitz just got drafted.
1488
01:13:08,548 --> 01:13:11,016
-We are at war, Doctor.
-Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
1489
01:13:11,050 --> 01:13:13,052
We need this kid.
Fix it, will you?
1490
01:13:13,086 --> 01:13:14,287
It wasn't a mistake.
1491
01:13:14,320 --> 01:13:15,655
Your friend Lomanitz
has been trying
1492
01:13:15,688 --> 01:13:17,956
to unionize the Radiation Lab.
1493
01:13:17,990 --> 01:13:19,292
He promised to quit all that.
1494
01:13:19,325 --> 01:13:21,227
Well, he hasn't.
1495
01:13:21,261 --> 01:13:23,129
Security officer at Berkeley's
concerned about
1496
01:13:23,163 --> 01:13:25,465
Communist infiltration
through that union,
1497
01:13:25,498 --> 01:13:28,101
-the F.A...
-F.A.E.C.T.
1498
01:13:30,503 --> 01:13:34,207
While I'm there next week,
I'll drop in to see him.
1499
01:13:36,476 --> 01:13:38,211
Your Q clearance came through.
1500
01:13:41,748 --> 01:13:43,183
It's important
you not maintain or renew
1501
01:13:43,216 --> 01:13:45,485
any questionable associations.
1502
01:13:50,223 --> 01:13:52,725
Doctor, did you think
social contacts
1503
01:13:52,759 --> 01:13:55,094
between a person engaged
on secret war work
1504
01:13:55,128 --> 01:13:56,496
and Communists was dangerous?
1505
01:13:56,529 --> 01:14:00,200
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1506
01:14:00,233 --> 01:14:03,136
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1507
01:14:03,169 --> 01:14:06,372
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1508
01:14:12,812 --> 01:14:15,782
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1509
01:14:15,815 --> 01:14:18,084
I mean, really,
1510
01:14:18,117 --> 01:14:20,153
known Communists.
1511
01:14:22,288 --> 01:14:24,524
Look...
1512
01:14:24,557 --> 01:14:26,092
I've had a lot of secrets
1513
01:14:26,125 --> 01:14:29,095
in my head for a long time.
1514
01:14:30,063 --> 01:14:31,331
Doesn't matter
who I associate with.
1515
01:14:31,364 --> 01:14:34,267
I don't talk about
those secrets.
1516
01:14:41,674 --> 01:14:43,309
You said in your statement
1517
01:14:43,343 --> 01:14:49,282
that you had to see
Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1518
01:14:50,750 --> 01:14:52,418
You left.
1519
01:14:53,653 --> 01:14:55,088
Not a word.
1520
01:14:55,121 --> 01:14:57,590
What did you think
that would do to me?
1521
01:14:58,691 --> 01:14:59,759
I wrote.
1522
01:14:59,792 --> 01:15:02,195
Pages of nothing.
1523
01:15:04,464 --> 01:15:06,799
Where did you go?
1524
01:15:06,833 --> 01:15:09,269
-I can't tell you.
-Why not?
1525
01:15:09,302 --> 01:15:12,038
Because you're a Communist.
1526
01:15:13,573 --> 01:15:15,441
Why did you have to see her?
1527
01:15:15,475 --> 01:15:18,578
Because she had indicated
a great desire
1528
01:15:18,611 --> 01:15:20,280
to see me before we left.
1529
01:15:20,313 --> 01:15:21,481
At that time, I couldn't,
1530
01:15:21,514 --> 01:15:25,318
but I felt that
she had to see me.
1531
01:15:25,351 --> 01:15:27,854
She was undergoing
psychiatric treatment.
1532
01:15:27,887 --> 01:15:30,123
She was extremely unhappy.
1533
01:15:30,156 --> 01:15:32,158
Did you find out
why she had to see you?
1534
01:15:37,263 --> 01:15:39,332
Because she was
still in love with me.
1535
01:15:46,539 --> 01:15:48,608
Spent the night together,
didn't you?
1536
01:15:56,583 --> 01:15:57,617
Yes.
1537
01:16:03,289 --> 01:16:07,160
You drop in and out of my life,
1538
01:16:07,193 --> 01:16:09,662
and you don't
have to tell me why.
1539
01:16:09,696 --> 01:16:11,164
Now that's power.
1540
01:16:11,197 --> 01:16:13,232
Not that I enjoy.
1541
01:16:14,200 --> 01:16:16,336
I'd rather be here
for you as you need.
1542
01:16:16,369 --> 01:16:18,838
But you have
other priorities now.
1543
01:16:18,871 --> 01:16:21,641
I have a wife and child.
1544
01:16:22,642 --> 01:16:25,445
That's not what either of us
is talking about.
1545
01:16:28,881 --> 01:16:30,750
Jean.
1546
01:16:30,783 --> 01:16:32,919
You asked me to come.
1547
01:16:32,952 --> 01:16:35,321
And I'm glad I did.
1548
01:16:35,955 --> 01:16:38,524
But I can't see you again.
1549
01:16:40,927 --> 01:16:42,629
But what if I need you?
1550
01:16:46,199 --> 01:16:49,168
You said you would
always answer.
1551
01:16:51,638 --> 01:16:52,772
Not a word?
1552
01:16:54,041 --> 01:16:55,109
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1553
01:16:55,141 --> 01:16:57,810
As a matter of fact, it was.
1554
01:16:57,844 --> 01:17:00,213
Not a word.
1555
01:17:00,246 --> 01:17:02,415
When did you
see her after that?
1556
01:17:10,823 --> 01:17:12,492
I never saw her again.
1557
01:17:18,698 --> 01:17:21,334
I can make the last train
back to Princeton.
1558
01:17:21,367 --> 01:17:24,537
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1559
01:17:24,570 --> 01:17:26,706
Today you said it to history,
didn't you?
1560
01:17:26,739 --> 01:17:28,274
This is a closed hearing.
1561
01:17:29,976 --> 01:17:31,577
If they don't release
the transcript,
1562
01:17:31,611 --> 01:17:33,613
-I'm sure you will.
-I was under oath.
1563
01:17:33,646 --> 01:17:35,415
Well, you were
under an oath for me
1564
01:17:35,448 --> 01:17:37,250
when you went to see Jean.
1565
01:17:37,917 --> 01:17:39,352
You know, you...
1566
01:17:40,253 --> 01:17:42,555
...you sit there, day after day,
1567
01:17:42,588 --> 01:17:45,625
letting them pick our lives
to pieces.
1568
01:17:48,628 --> 01:17:50,329
Why won't you fight?
1569
01:17:53,466 --> 01:17:56,602
Robert, I'm not
putting her up there.
1570
01:18:01,741 --> 01:18:04,610
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
Please, take a seat.
1571
01:18:04,644 --> 01:18:08,247
No need, um, I just wanted
to check whether I should
1572
01:18:08,281 --> 01:18:10,450
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
1573
01:18:10,483 --> 01:18:12,585
Well, I'd say that's really
up to you, Professor,
1574
01:18:12,618 --> 01:18:14,787
-but I'd be cautious.
-Uh-huh. Understood.
1575
01:18:14,821 --> 01:18:17,557
Oh, and, um,
as regards to the union,
1576
01:18:17,590 --> 01:18:19,358
I wanted to give you
a heads-up on a...
1577
01:18:19,392 --> 01:18:20,727
on a man named Eltenton.
1578
01:18:20,760 --> 01:18:22,261
A heads-up?
1579
01:18:22,295 --> 01:18:26,232
Yes, just that he might
merit watching is all.
1580
01:18:27,034 --> 01:18:28,468
Well, I'd love
to get more details.
1581
01:18:28,501 --> 01:18:30,837
Well, I...
I have an appointment now
1582
01:18:30,870 --> 01:18:32,305
and I leave early tomorrow.
1583
01:18:32,338 --> 01:18:33,873
Well, come back
as early as you like.
1584
01:18:33,906 --> 01:18:36,242
Since you haven't time now.
1585
01:18:36,909 --> 01:18:38,745
You went back the next morning.
1586
01:18:38,778 --> 01:18:40,780
I did, I had to, really.
1587
01:18:41,714 --> 01:18:44,317
This time, there was
another man.
1588
01:18:44,984 --> 01:18:46,486
He said his name's Pash.
1589
01:18:46,519 --> 01:18:49,021
Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1590
01:18:49,056 --> 01:18:50,590
Colonel Pash,
could you please read
1591
01:18:50,623 --> 01:18:54,427
from your memo
dated June 29, 1943?
1592
01:18:56,529 --> 01:18:58,631
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1593
01:18:58,664 --> 01:19:01,501
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections.
1594
01:19:01,534 --> 01:19:03,703
"Subject met with
and spent considerable time
1595
01:19:03,736 --> 01:19:05,938
"with one Jean Tatlock,
Communist,
1596
01:19:05,972 --> 01:19:07,440
the record of whom is attached."
1597
01:19:07,473 --> 01:19:09,342
The subject being
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1598
01:19:09,375 --> 01:19:11,844
-Yes.
-Whom you had not met?
1599
01:19:11,878 --> 01:19:13,679
Not then, but soon after.
1600
01:19:13,713 --> 01:19:15,082
He's the head of security
for the project.
1601
01:19:15,115 --> 01:19:16,349
Shouldn't I know him?
1602
01:19:16,382 --> 01:19:17,717
No, he should know you.
1603
01:19:17,750 --> 01:19:19,652
I would never put you
in a room with Pash.
1604
01:19:19,685 --> 01:19:20,953
Why not?
1605
01:19:20,987 --> 01:19:23,056
When Pash first heard
about Lomanitz,
1606
01:19:23,090 --> 01:19:26,025
he told the FBI
he was gonna kidnap him,
1607
01:19:26,059 --> 01:19:27,527
take him out on a boat
1608
01:19:27,560 --> 01:19:30,563
and interrogate him
in the Russian manner.
1609
01:19:32,698 --> 01:19:35,535
General Groves has placed in me
a certain responsibility,
1610
01:19:35,568 --> 01:19:37,804
and it's like having a child
who I can't see.
1611
01:19:37,837 --> 01:19:39,939
-Ah.
-By remote control.
1612
01:19:39,972 --> 01:19:43,576
So to actually meet you is...
1613
01:19:44,677 --> 01:19:46,113
I won't take up
too much of your time.
1614
01:19:46,146 --> 01:19:48,414
No, no, not at all.
Whatever time you choose.
1615
01:19:48,447 --> 01:19:51,350
Mm. Mr. Johnson told me
of a conversation
1616
01:19:51,384 --> 01:19:53,120
you had yesterday
in which I'm very interested.
1617
01:19:53,153 --> 01:19:55,421
It's had me worried all day.
1618
01:19:55,454 --> 01:19:57,957
Yes, well, I didn't want
to talk to Lomanitz
1619
01:19:57,990 --> 01:19:59,525
without authorization.
1620
01:19:59,559 --> 01:20:00,760
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1621
01:20:00,793 --> 01:20:02,762
It's something
a little bit more...
1622
01:20:03,796 --> 01:20:05,565
...well, in my opinion,
more serious.
1623
01:20:05,598 --> 01:20:08,534
Now, when the FBI pointed out
that such information
1624
01:20:08,568 --> 01:20:10,103
wouldn't be admissible in court,
Pash made it clear
1625
01:20:10,137 --> 01:20:13,906
he had no intention of leaving
any witness left to prosecute.
1626
01:20:13,940 --> 01:20:15,508
Now, the FBI talked him down,
1627
01:20:15,541 --> 01:20:17,110
but that's the man
you're dancing with.
1628
01:20:17,144 --> 01:20:19,846
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1629
01:20:19,879 --> 01:20:22,582
interested in the work
of the Radiation Lab.
1630
01:20:22,615 --> 01:20:26,519
A man attached
to the Soviet Consul
1631
01:20:26,552 --> 01:20:29,589
indicated,
through intermediate people,
1632
01:20:29,622 --> 01:20:31,158
to people on this project,
1633
01:20:31,191 --> 01:20:34,627
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1634
01:20:34,660 --> 01:20:37,496
Oh, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
1635
01:20:38,931 --> 01:20:41,467
Frankly, I can see that
there might be an argument
1636
01:20:41,500 --> 01:20:43,903
for the Commander-in-Chief
informing the Russians--
1637
01:20:43,936 --> 01:20:45,805
they're our allies after all--
1638
01:20:45,838 --> 01:20:48,741
but I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
1639
01:20:48,774 --> 01:20:51,510
It might not hurt
to be on the lookout for it.
1640
01:20:52,912 --> 01:20:54,081
And you said that to Pash?
1641
01:20:54,114 --> 01:20:55,615
I was trying to put it
1642
01:20:55,648 --> 01:20:58,484
in a context
of Russia's not Germany.
1643
01:20:58,517 --> 01:21:02,922
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1644
01:21:02,955 --> 01:21:06,459
Born here, but in 1918,
he went back to Russia
1645
01:21:06,492 --> 01:21:07,927
to fight the Bolsheviks.
1646
01:21:07,960 --> 01:21:10,130
This is a man who has killed
Communists with his own hands.
1647
01:21:10,163 --> 01:21:13,633
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1648
01:21:13,666 --> 01:21:15,701
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1649
01:21:15,735 --> 01:21:17,937
Would you be
a little more specific?
1650
01:21:20,806 --> 01:21:23,676
There's a man whose name
was mentioned to me
1651
01:21:23,709 --> 01:21:25,811
a couple of times. Eltenton.
1652
01:21:26,846 --> 01:21:29,949
Uh, I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1653
01:21:29,982 --> 01:21:32,518
He talked to a friend of his
1654
01:21:32,551 --> 01:21:36,455
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1655
01:21:37,690 --> 01:21:40,127
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1656
01:21:40,160 --> 01:21:42,695
I was attempting
to give them Eltenton
1657
01:21:42,728 --> 01:21:44,064
without opening a can of worms.
1658
01:21:44,097 --> 01:21:46,066
I told them
a cock-and-bull story.
1659
01:21:46,099 --> 01:21:47,633
Did you lie
to General Groves too?
1660
01:21:47,667 --> 01:21:51,204
No. I admitted to him
that I'd lied to Pash.
1661
01:21:51,238 --> 01:21:52,672
Do you recall this conversation
1662
01:21:52,705 --> 01:21:55,108
about the Chevalier incident?
1663
01:21:55,142 --> 01:21:57,543
I've seen so many
versions of it. Um...
1664
01:21:57,576 --> 01:21:58,744
Wasn't confused before,
1665
01:21:58,778 --> 01:22:00,213
but I'm certainly
getting there now.
1666
01:22:00,247 --> 01:22:01,547
And what was your conclusion?
1667
01:22:01,580 --> 01:22:03,950
That he was under
the influence of
1668
01:22:03,983 --> 01:22:06,852
the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1669
01:22:06,886 --> 01:22:10,489
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1670
01:22:10,523 --> 01:22:12,558
Well, now.
1671
01:22:12,591 --> 01:22:15,027
Might we know through whom
the contact was made?
1672
01:22:15,062 --> 01:22:17,264
That would in... involve people
1673
01:22:17,297 --> 01:22:19,266
who are not to be
involved in this.
1674
01:22:19,299 --> 01:22:22,069
Is that someone
a member of the project?
1675
01:22:22,102 --> 01:22:26,639
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1676
01:22:26,672 --> 01:22:27,773
Ah.
1677
01:22:27,807 --> 01:22:29,575
So Eltenton made his approach
1678
01:22:29,608 --> 01:22:32,845
through a member of
the faculty here at Berkeley?
1679
01:22:34,580 --> 01:22:37,050
As far as I know.
As far as I know, yes.
1680
01:22:37,084 --> 01:22:39,719
But there-there may have been
1681
01:22:39,752 --> 01:22:42,488
more than one person involved.
1682
01:22:45,891 --> 01:22:49,096
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
1683
01:22:49,129 --> 01:22:52,065
I think you can understand
that's because of my insistence
1684
01:22:52,099 --> 01:22:54,700
in not getting
innocent people into trouble.
1685
01:22:54,734 --> 01:22:56,535
You're trying
to protect your friend.
1686
01:22:56,569 --> 01:22:57,803
Who's protecting you?
1687
01:22:57,837 --> 01:22:59,239
Well, you could.
1688
01:22:59,272 --> 01:23:00,606
If you gave me the name.
1689
01:23:00,639 --> 01:23:02,575
If you order me to, I'll do it.
1690
01:23:02,608 --> 01:23:03,642
That's a mistake, Robert.
1691
01:23:03,676 --> 01:23:05,511
You need to volunteer this name.
1692
01:23:06,346 --> 01:23:08,014
And did he give you the name?
1693
01:23:08,048 --> 01:23:09,182
He did.
1694
01:23:09,216 --> 01:23:10,683
-But not then, did he?
-No.
1695
01:23:10,716 --> 01:23:12,185
No. In fact, it was some
months later, wasn't it?
1696
01:23:12,219 --> 01:23:14,121
It was.
1697
01:23:14,154 --> 01:23:15,255
You see me as persistent.
1698
01:23:15,288 --> 01:23:17,023
Well, you are...
1699
01:23:17,057 --> 01:23:18,891
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1700
01:23:18,924 --> 01:23:22,628
And-and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1701
01:23:22,661 --> 01:23:24,663
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
1702
01:23:24,697 --> 01:23:26,799
which may come
to your attention...
1703
01:23:28,168 --> 01:23:29,935
...and be disturbing to you,
1704
01:23:29,969 --> 01:23:33,073
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1705
01:23:33,106 --> 01:23:34,607
I'm not formulating a plan.
1706
01:23:34,640 --> 01:23:36,976
I'll just have to digest
the whole thing.
1707
01:23:40,613 --> 01:23:43,316
In the months
in between your interview
1708
01:23:43,350 --> 01:23:46,986
with Dr. Oppenheimer and his
eventual naming of Chevalier,
1709
01:23:47,019 --> 01:23:48,321
did you expend resources
1710
01:23:48,355 --> 01:23:49,822
trying to find the name
of the intermediary?
1711
01:23:49,855 --> 01:23:52,325
Considerable resources, yes.
1712
01:23:52,359 --> 01:23:54,593
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1713
01:23:54,627 --> 01:23:56,063
And when did you
receive the name?
1714
01:23:56,096 --> 01:23:57,330
I was gone by the time
1715
01:23:57,364 --> 01:23:59,799
-Oppenheimer finally
offered it up. -Gone?
1716
01:23:59,832 --> 01:24:02,001
They felt my time would be
better spent in Europe
1717
01:24:02,035 --> 01:24:04,770
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1718
01:24:04,804 --> 01:24:05,971
Who did?
1719
01:24:07,074 --> 01:24:08,808
General Groves.
1720
01:24:08,841 --> 01:24:10,609
He transferred me to London.
1721
01:24:17,050 --> 01:24:19,152
It's a little early
for a Christmas party.
1722
01:24:19,186 --> 01:24:21,188
Something's up.
1723
01:24:21,221 --> 01:24:23,256
Tolman's been away.
1724
01:24:23,290 --> 01:24:24,990
Where?
1725
01:24:25,024 --> 01:24:26,592
Ruth won't tell.
1726
01:24:31,131 --> 01:24:32,132
Hey!
1727
01:24:36,303 --> 01:24:37,837
Come on, Ruthie.
1728
01:24:37,870 --> 01:24:39,939
Can't tell me, who can you tell?
1729
01:24:39,972 --> 01:24:42,708
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1730
01:24:42,741 --> 01:24:44,111
What makes you think
I know where he is anyway?
1731
01:24:44,144 --> 01:24:45,845
'Cause you do a pretty good job
1732
01:24:45,878 --> 01:24:48,647
of knowing where Mr. Tolman is
when it counts.
1733
01:24:48,681 --> 01:24:50,217
Like now?
1734
01:24:50,250 --> 01:24:53,686
Attention!
1735
01:24:56,889 --> 01:24:58,824
Early Christmas present
for you all.
1736
01:25:06,899 --> 01:25:09,269
The British pilots
put me in the bomb bay.
1737
01:25:09,302 --> 01:25:11,304
Showed me the-the oxygen,
you know,
1738
01:25:11,338 --> 01:25:13,073
but I messed it up.
1739
01:25:13,106 --> 01:25:15,708
Uh, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
1740
01:25:15,741 --> 01:25:17,943
But I pretended
I'd been napping.
1741
01:25:18,911 --> 01:25:20,347
Please enjoy your party.
1742
01:25:21,714 --> 01:25:23,015
Is it big enough?
1743
01:25:23,049 --> 01:25:24,317
To end the war?
1744
01:25:24,351 --> 01:25:27,254
To end all war.
1745
01:25:30,090 --> 01:25:34,161
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
1746
01:25:34,194 --> 01:25:35,928
It was chilling,
1747
01:25:35,961 --> 01:25:37,997
my old student
working for the Nazis.
1748
01:25:38,031 --> 01:25:41,934
He told me some things
to draw me out.
1749
01:25:42,835 --> 01:25:46,173
Sustained fission reactions
in uranium.
1750
01:25:46,206 --> 01:25:48,408
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1751
01:25:48,441 --> 01:25:49,875
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1752
01:25:49,909 --> 01:25:52,179
He seemed more focused
on heavy water.
1753
01:25:52,212 --> 01:25:53,913
As a moderator?
1754
01:25:53,946 --> 01:25:55,315
Yes, instead of graphite.
1755
01:25:58,351 --> 01:25:59,718
What?
1756
01:25:59,752 --> 01:26:01,921
He took a wrong turn.
1757
01:26:01,954 --> 01:26:04,424
We're ahead. And with you here
to help us, Niels.
1758
01:26:04,457 --> 01:26:06,725
Sorry, could you...
1759
01:26:06,759 --> 01:26:09,695
could you give us a moment,
gentlemen?
1760
01:26:15,868 --> 01:26:18,405
I am not here to help, Robert.
1761
01:26:18,438 --> 01:26:20,340
I knew you could
do this without me.
1762
01:26:20,373 --> 01:26:21,474
Then why did you come?
1763
01:26:21,508 --> 01:26:22,942
To talk about after.
1764
01:26:22,975 --> 01:26:24,944
The power you're about to reveal
1765
01:26:24,977 --> 01:26:27,180
will forever outlive the Nazis.
1766
01:26:28,248 --> 01:26:29,848
And the world is not prepared.
1767
01:26:29,882 --> 01:26:31,284
"You could lift the stone
1768
01:26:31,318 --> 01:26:33,953
without being ready
for the snake that's revealed."
1769
01:26:33,986 --> 01:26:35,355
We have to make
the politicians understand,
1770
01:26:35,388 --> 01:26:37,490
this isn't a new weapon.
1771
01:26:37,524 --> 01:26:38,991
It's a new world.
1772
01:26:39,024 --> 01:26:42,395
I'll be out there
doing what I can, but you...
1773
01:26:42,429 --> 01:26:44,997
you're an American Prometheus.
1774
01:26:45,031 --> 01:26:47,267
The man who gave them the power
1775
01:26:47,300 --> 01:26:49,336
to destroy themselves,
1776
01:26:49,369 --> 01:26:51,003
and they'll respect that.
1777
01:26:51,037 --> 01:26:53,206
And your work really begins.
1778
01:26:57,143 --> 01:27:00,280
I'm sorry, Oppie,
but there's a call.
1779
01:27:01,414 --> 01:27:04,150
From San Francisco.
1780
01:27:10,423 --> 01:27:12,125
Robert!
1781
01:27:15,362 --> 01:27:16,895
Robert?
1782
01:27:17,564 --> 01:27:20,133
Robert. Robert.
1783
01:27:20,166 --> 01:27:22,369
God, what's the matter?
1784
01:27:22,402 --> 01:27:24,170
What happened?
1785
01:27:25,038 --> 01:27:26,972
Her father called.
1786
01:27:27,006 --> 01:27:29,142
They found her yesterday
in the bath.
1787
01:27:30,143 --> 01:27:31,278
Who?
1788
01:27:32,279 --> 01:27:34,281
She'd taken pills.
1789
01:27:34,314 --> 01:27:36,216
Left a note, not signed.
1790
01:27:37,217 --> 01:27:38,184
She took barbiturates,
1791
01:27:38,218 --> 01:27:40,153
but there was chloral hydrate
in her blood.
1792
01:27:43,523 --> 01:27:44,857
There was a note.
1793
01:27:44,890 --> 01:27:47,193
Jean Tatlock?
1794
01:27:52,965 --> 01:27:54,967
We were together.
1795
01:27:55,000 --> 01:27:57,803
She said she needed me. I...
1796
01:27:59,905 --> 01:28:02,841
I told her I... I wouldn't...
1797
01:28:02,875 --> 01:28:04,511
I told her I couldn't...
1798
01:28:04,544 --> 01:28:06,212
No, it was... it was me.
1799
01:28:09,215 --> 01:28:11,318
You don't get to commit the sin
1800
01:28:11,351 --> 01:28:13,153
and then have us all
feel sorry for you
1801
01:28:13,186 --> 01:28:16,056
that it had consequences.
1802
01:28:18,124 --> 01:28:20,327
You pull yourself together.
1803
01:28:23,996 --> 01:28:26,132
You know,
people here depend on you.
1804
01:28:28,635 --> 01:28:30,103
Donald, would you like
1805
01:28:30,136 --> 01:28:31,204
to contribute here?
Please, help me out.
1806
01:28:31,237 --> 01:28:32,439
You're on your own, pal.
1807
01:28:32,472 --> 01:28:33,573
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
1808
01:28:33,606 --> 01:28:34,940
because plutonium
is radioactive.
1809
01:28:34,973 --> 01:28:36,509
We just don't know
what it might do
1810
01:28:36,543 --> 01:28:38,278
to the female
reproductive system...
1811
01:28:38,311 --> 01:28:40,213
Your reproductive system is more
exposed than mine, presumably.
1812
01:28:40,246 --> 01:28:43,116
Can we please? The implosion
device is nowhere.
1813
01:28:43,149 --> 01:28:44,551
Hey, you can't rush everything.
1814
01:28:44,584 --> 01:28:46,119
-Oppie, please.
-Well, there's rushing
1815
01:28:46,152 --> 01:28:47,953
and there's getting on
with it, so pick one.
1816
01:28:47,986 --> 01:28:49,988
Wait. Neddermeyer's
doing his job.
1817
01:28:50,022 --> 01:28:50,956
Teller's not helping.
1818
01:28:50,989 --> 01:28:52,525
You're not helping.
1819
01:28:52,559 --> 01:28:53,959
I've been asking
for calculations
1820
01:28:53,992 --> 01:28:55,128
on the implosion lenses
for weeks.
1821
01:28:55,161 --> 01:28:56,629
The British can do it. Fuchs.
1822
01:28:56,663 --> 01:28:57,963
Absolutely.
1823
01:28:57,996 --> 01:28:59,366
It's your job, Teller.
1824
01:28:59,399 --> 01:29:01,201
I'm engaged in research.
1825
01:29:01,234 --> 01:29:03,902
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building.
1826
01:29:12,010 --> 01:29:13,380
I won't work for that man.
1827
01:29:15,148 --> 01:29:17,250
Let him go. He's a prima donna.
1828
01:29:17,283 --> 01:29:19,519
I agree.
He should leave Los Alamos.
1829
01:29:19,552 --> 01:29:21,054
Okay.
1830
01:29:21,087 --> 01:29:22,955
Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer.
1831
01:29:22,988 --> 01:29:24,391
Seth, I'm putting you
on plutonium.
1832
01:29:24,424 --> 01:29:27,527
Lilli, you go work for Kisty.
Because he needs you.
1833
01:29:27,560 --> 01:29:30,130
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1834
01:29:30,163 --> 01:29:32,532
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1835
01:29:32,565 --> 01:29:36,336
And no one is leaving
Los Alamos.
1836
01:29:50,583 --> 01:29:52,552
-They won't let me leave.
-No.
1837
01:29:52,585 --> 01:29:54,187
I won't let you leave.
1838
01:29:55,054 --> 01:29:58,158
Forget Hans. Forget fission.
1839
01:29:58,191 --> 01:30:01,327
Stay here,
research what you want.
1840
01:30:01,361 --> 01:30:03,962
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb,
whatever.
1841
01:30:03,996 --> 01:30:05,165
We'll meet to discuss.
1842
01:30:05,198 --> 01:30:06,666
You don't have time to meet.
1843
01:30:06,699 --> 01:30:08,268
You're a politician now, Robert.
1844
01:30:08,301 --> 01:30:10,936
You've left physics behind
many, many years ago.
1845
01:30:11,771 --> 01:30:13,573
Once a week.
1846
01:30:13,606 --> 01:30:15,475
One hour. You and me.
1847
01:30:20,647 --> 01:30:23,216
Now raise this fucking barrier.
1848
01:30:27,153 --> 01:30:29,589
So the Super
was under development
1849
01:30:29,622 --> 01:30:31,591
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1850
01:30:31,624 --> 01:30:33,126
Yes.
1851
01:30:33,159 --> 01:30:35,027
And yet, after the war,
1852
01:30:35,061 --> 01:30:36,663
you tried to deny it was viable.
1853
01:30:36,696 --> 01:30:38,198
No, no, no. I...
1854
01:30:38,231 --> 01:30:40,066
I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1855
01:30:40,099 --> 01:30:41,734
You... Didn't you try
to kill it at the AEC meeting
1856
01:30:41,768 --> 01:30:43,336
-after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
1857
01:30:43,369 --> 01:30:45,472
But that was
the recommendation of the AEC,
1858
01:30:45,505 --> 01:30:47,774
-was it not?
-After hours of discussion
1859
01:30:47,807 --> 01:30:50,076
about the best response.
1860
01:30:50,109 --> 01:30:55,215
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1861
01:30:56,382 --> 01:31:00,153
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1862
01:31:00,186 --> 01:31:02,288
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
1863
01:31:02,322 --> 01:31:04,624
Izzy, draw some circles
on this side of the map
1864
01:31:04,657 --> 01:31:06,292
where they would target us.
1865
01:31:06,326 --> 01:31:08,361
-Starting with New York. D.C.
-That's fair.
1866
01:31:08,394 --> 01:31:11,164
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1867
01:31:11,197 --> 01:31:12,732
-Deterrence.
-"Deterrence"?
1868
01:31:12,765 --> 01:31:14,367
Do we really need
more deterrence
1869
01:31:14,400 --> 01:31:16,803
than our current arsenal
of atomic bombs?
1870
01:31:16,836 --> 01:31:19,539
Y-You drown in ten feet
of water or-or 10,000,
1871
01:31:19,572 --> 01:31:21,241
what's the difference?
1872
01:31:21,274 --> 01:31:23,243
We can already drown Russia.
They know it.
1873
01:31:23,276 --> 01:31:25,545
-And now they can drown us.
-So we're just escalating...
1874
01:31:36,456 --> 01:31:39,292
As I said,
Teller's designs are still as
1875
01:31:39,325 --> 01:31:41,261
impractical as they were
during the war.
1876
01:31:41,294 --> 01:31:44,264
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie, you know that.
1877
01:31:44,297 --> 01:31:45,431
I don't believe we should commit
1878
01:31:45,465 --> 01:31:47,367
all our resources
to that chance.
1879
01:31:47,400 --> 01:31:50,270
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1880
01:31:50,303 --> 01:31:52,505
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1881
01:31:52,539 --> 01:31:55,842
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1882
01:31:55,875 --> 01:31:57,443
By which you mean
world government?
1883
01:31:57,477 --> 01:32:00,413
The United Nations
as Roosevelt intended.
1884
01:32:00,446 --> 01:32:03,349
Well, I... I asked what Truman
should do, right?
1885
01:32:03,383 --> 01:32:06,286
The world's changed,
it's not fascism but Communism
1886
01:32:06,319 --> 01:32:07,787
that now threatens our survival.
1887
01:32:07,820 --> 01:32:11,457
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1888
01:32:11,491 --> 01:32:14,360
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1889
01:32:14,394 --> 01:32:16,162
Could they be working
on one already?
1890
01:32:16,195 --> 01:32:18,698
Based on information gathered
from a spy at Los Alamos.
1891
01:32:18,731 --> 01:32:20,199
No spy at Los Alamos.
1892
01:32:20,233 --> 01:32:21,301
-Gentlemen.
-There wasn't?
1893
01:32:21,334 --> 01:32:22,569
Let's not get sidetracked.
1894
01:32:22,602 --> 01:32:24,304
I say we use this moment
1895
01:32:24,337 --> 01:32:25,738
to gain concessions
from the Russians
1896
01:32:25,772 --> 01:32:28,841
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
1897
01:32:28,875 --> 01:32:30,510
Thereby revealing its existence.
1898
01:32:30,543 --> 01:32:32,545
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1899
01:32:32,579 --> 01:32:34,180
All right.
1900
01:32:34,213 --> 01:32:36,316
At this point, I'd like
the committee members
1901
01:32:36,349 --> 01:32:40,286
to meet in privacy to finalize
our recommendations.
1902
01:32:41,421 --> 01:32:43,423
I'm just not sure you want
to go down this road.
1903
01:32:43,456 --> 01:32:45,725
Lewis, with respect,
we are the advisory committee,
1904
01:32:45,758 --> 01:32:47,527
we will give them our advice.
1905
01:32:47,560 --> 01:32:48,661
Good night.
1906
01:32:52,865 --> 01:32:57,136
Dr. Oppenheimer?
Hi. William Borden.
1907
01:32:57,170 --> 01:32:58,504
Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy?
1908
01:32:58,538 --> 01:32:59,739
Oh, yes, yes.
1909
01:32:59,772 --> 01:33:01,407
During the war, I was a pilot.
1910
01:33:02,542 --> 01:33:05,278
One night,
flying back from a raid,
1911
01:33:05,311 --> 01:33:08,214
I saw an amazing sight
like a meteor.
1912
01:33:09,415 --> 01:33:12,185
A V-2 rocket headed to England.
1913
01:33:12,218 --> 01:33:14,220
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
1914
01:33:14,253 --> 01:33:18,157
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1915
01:33:26,933 --> 01:33:28,267
Well, let's make sure
we're not the ones
1916
01:33:28,301 --> 01:33:29,602
to make that possible.
1917
01:33:36,309 --> 01:33:39,212
Oppie, I don't think you want
to go up against Strauss.
1918
01:33:39,245 --> 01:33:41,314
If we both speak,
they listen to me.
1919
01:33:41,347 --> 01:33:43,416
When you speak,
they hear a prophet.
1920
01:33:43,449 --> 01:33:45,418
When Strauss speaks,
they hear themselves.
1921
01:33:45,451 --> 01:33:47,253
They'll listen to a prophet.
1922
01:33:47,286 --> 01:33:50,556
A prophet can't be wrong.
Not once.
1923
01:33:50,590 --> 01:33:52,358
Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer
1924
01:33:52,392 --> 01:33:54,293
of sabotaging the development
of the Super?
1925
01:33:54,327 --> 01:33:55,928
I was never one of those
1926
01:33:55,962 --> 01:33:59,232
to bandy around terms
like "sabotage."
1927
01:33:59,265 --> 01:34:01,234
But Mr. Borden was?
1928
01:34:01,267 --> 01:34:02,535
As I understand it, possibly.
1929
01:34:02,568 --> 01:34:04,671
How was Mr. Borden able
to put together
1930
01:34:04,704 --> 01:34:05,972
such a detailed indictment?
1931
01:34:06,005 --> 01:34:07,540
He was no longer
a government employee,
1932
01:34:07,573 --> 01:34:10,209
yet he appears to have
had unlimited access
1933
01:34:10,243 --> 01:34:11,744
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1934
01:34:11,778 --> 01:34:14,681
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
1935
01:34:14,714 --> 01:34:16,616
Or someone else, at the AEC?
1936
01:34:16,649 --> 01:34:19,485
That's a very serious
accusation, Senator.
1937
01:34:19,519 --> 01:34:21,988
Is it your intention to
suggest that Dr. Oppenheimer
1938
01:34:22,021 --> 01:34:23,956
is disloyal
to the United States?
1939
01:34:23,990 --> 01:34:26,526
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
1940
01:34:26,559 --> 01:34:29,262
that he's loyal
to the United States.
1941
01:34:29,295 --> 01:34:30,730
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
1942
01:34:30,763 --> 01:34:33,566
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1943
01:34:33,599 --> 01:34:35,368
Do you or do you not believe
1944
01:34:35,401 --> 01:34:37,770
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
1945
01:34:45,978 --> 01:34:47,613
And if I may,
1946
01:34:47,647 --> 01:34:50,450
when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
1947
01:34:50,483 --> 01:34:52,018
it's my humble opinion
that there is no need
1948
01:34:52,052 --> 01:34:53,519
for that bomb
to be seen anywhere
1949
01:34:53,553 --> 01:34:55,321
except for that test site.
1950
01:34:55,354 --> 01:34:57,356
But we at least
have to take a moment
1951
01:34:57,390 --> 01:34:59,392
to think about whether the means
1952
01:34:59,425 --> 01:35:01,694
justify the ends
any longer, because...
1953
01:35:04,030 --> 01:35:06,599
Germany is about to surrender.
1954
01:35:08,501 --> 01:35:11,838
It's no longer the enemy
who are the greatest threat
1955
01:35:11,871 --> 01:35:13,673
to mankind, it's our work.
1956
01:35:16,076 --> 01:35:18,811
Hitler's dead, it's true.
1957
01:35:20,513 --> 01:35:22,049
But the Japanese fight on.
1958
01:35:22,082 --> 01:35:23,750
Their defeat seems assured.
1959
01:35:23,783 --> 01:35:26,786
Not if you're a G.I.
preparing to invade.
1960
01:35:28,088 --> 01:35:29,388
We can end this war.
1961
01:35:29,422 --> 01:35:30,823
But how do we justify
1962
01:35:30,857 --> 01:35:32,425
using this weapon
on human beings?
1963
01:35:35,461 --> 01:35:38,865
We're theorists, yes?
1964
01:35:38,898 --> 01:35:40,500
Yes. Yep.
1965
01:35:40,533 --> 01:35:44,570
We imagine a future
and our imaginings horrify us.
1966
01:35:45,638 --> 01:35:47,774
But they won't fear it
until they understand it,
1967
01:35:47,807 --> 01:35:50,710
and they won't understand it
until they've used it.
1968
01:35:50,743 --> 01:35:51,911
When the world learns
1969
01:35:51,944 --> 01:35:54,447
the terrible secret
of Los Alamos,
1970
01:35:54,480 --> 01:35:57,917
our work here will ensure
a peace mankind has never seen.
1971
01:35:57,950 --> 01:36:01,320
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1972
01:36:01,354 --> 01:36:03,389
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1973
01:36:08,494 --> 01:36:09,729
Progress?
1974
01:36:09,762 --> 01:36:12,532
Two years and
a billion dollars' worth?
1975
01:36:12,565 --> 01:36:14,333
Well, hard to put a price on it.
1976
01:36:14,367 --> 01:36:15,935
Not really,
just add up the bills.
1977
01:36:15,968 --> 01:36:17,670
"Rural free deliveries."
1978
01:36:17,703 --> 01:36:20,473
Eighty babies delivered
the first year.
1979
01:36:20,506 --> 01:36:22,842
This year,
we've had ten a month.
1980
01:36:22,875 --> 01:36:25,611
Birth control is a little out
of my jurisdiction, General.
1981
01:36:26,479 --> 01:36:28,815
-Clearly.
-General.
1982
01:36:33,786 --> 01:36:35,122
Head down, everyone.
1983
01:36:35,155 --> 01:36:37,323
Fuchs, head down.
1984
01:36:39,826 --> 01:36:40,993
Hmm?
1985
01:36:43,863 --> 01:36:45,598
That's the one.
1986
01:36:45,631 --> 01:36:48,534
Two viable bombs. I need a date.
1987
01:36:50,837 --> 01:36:52,672
September.
1988
01:36:52,705 --> 01:36:53,706
July.
1989
01:36:53,739 --> 01:36:55,675
That's the sweet spot,
gentlemen.
1990
01:36:55,708 --> 01:36:57,877
August.
1991
01:36:57,910 --> 01:36:59,645
July.
1992
01:36:59,679 --> 01:37:01,480
Test in July.
1993
01:37:01,514 --> 01:37:03,150
But I need my brother.
1994
01:37:07,520 --> 01:37:09,455
Frank knows the desert,
he's left politics behind,
1995
01:37:09,488 --> 01:37:11,924
he's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1996
01:37:18,898 --> 01:37:20,733
What do we call the test?
1997
01:37:21,834 --> 01:37:25,605
"Batter my heart,
three-person'd god."
1998
01:37:25,638 --> 01:37:26,739
What?
1999
01:37:28,108 --> 01:37:29,508
Trinity.
2000
01:37:37,184 --> 01:37:38,551
You insisted
2001
01:37:38,584 --> 01:37:39,886
on bringing on
your brother Frank,
2002
01:37:39,919 --> 01:37:41,520
-a known Communist.
-A former Communist.
2003
01:37:41,554 --> 01:37:43,990
You brought a known
former Communist
2004
01:37:44,023 --> 01:37:47,894
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
2005
01:37:47,927 --> 01:37:51,030
I knew my brother
could be trusted. Absolutely.
2006
01:37:51,064 --> 01:37:53,033
And you felt
your judgment was sound
2007
01:37:53,066 --> 01:37:54,901
on who on the team
could be trusted?
2008
01:37:55,902 --> 01:37:57,037
Fuchs, head down.
2009
01:37:57,070 --> 01:37:58,804
Okay, everybody ready?
2010
01:38:00,173 --> 01:38:02,109
Hmm?
2011
01:38:02,142 --> 01:38:03,910
Oh.
2012
01:38:07,047 --> 01:38:08,181
Oh.
2013
01:38:08,215 --> 01:38:09,949
Well, I hope
you learned something.
2014
01:38:09,982 --> 01:38:11,884
Yeah, we learned we're gonna
need to be a lot further away.
2015
01:38:11,918 --> 01:38:13,486
Well, figure it out. Fast.
2016
01:38:13,519 --> 01:38:15,188
We leave for Washington
in the morning.
2017
01:38:15,222 --> 01:38:17,423
We're gonna give them a date.
2018
01:38:31,570 --> 01:38:33,240
You're a long way
from Chicago, Leo.
2019
01:38:33,273 --> 01:38:34,774
If we don't act now,
2020
01:38:34,807 --> 01:38:36,509
they're going to use
this thing against Japan.
2021
01:38:36,542 --> 01:38:38,511
We booked a meeting with Truman,
2022
01:38:38,544 --> 01:38:39,812
but somebody killed it.
2023
01:38:39,845 --> 01:38:41,714
You're meeting
the Secretary of War.
2024
01:38:41,747 --> 01:38:43,916
Just because we're building it,
2025
01:38:43,950 --> 01:38:45,952
doesn't mean we get to decide
how it's used.
2026
01:38:45,985 --> 01:38:48,754
History will judge us, Robert.
2027
01:38:48,788 --> 01:38:52,092
In Chicago,
we put together a petition.
2028
01:38:52,125 --> 01:38:54,061
I'm not...
I'm not getting into that.
2029
01:38:59,132 --> 01:39:01,068
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relay them.
2030
01:39:01,101 --> 01:39:02,202
My concerns?
2031
01:39:02,235 --> 01:39:04,204
Germany's defeated.
2032
01:39:04,237 --> 01:39:06,005
Japan's not going
to hold out alone.
2033
01:39:06,039 --> 01:39:07,940
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
2034
01:39:07,974 --> 01:39:09,742
You and Einstein
with your letter to Roosevelt
2035
01:39:09,775 --> 01:39:12,578
-saying we could build a bomb.
-Against Germany.
2036
01:39:12,611 --> 01:39:15,548
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
2037
01:39:15,581 --> 01:39:16,716
Oppie, you have to help.
2038
01:39:16,749 --> 01:39:18,051
Fermi's in the meeting.
2039
01:39:18,085 --> 01:39:19,652
-Lawrence is in the meeting.
-They're not you.
2040
01:39:19,685 --> 01:39:21,854
You're the great salesman
of science.
2041
01:39:21,887 --> 01:39:24,490
You can convince
anyone of anything.
2042
01:39:25,192 --> 01:39:26,592
Even yourself.
2043
01:39:27,194 --> 01:39:28,594
'Scuse me.
2044
01:39:29,628 --> 01:39:32,898
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people.
2045
01:39:32,932 --> 01:39:34,734
Mostly civilians.
2046
01:39:34,767 --> 01:39:37,304
I worry about an America
where we do these things
2047
01:39:37,337 --> 01:39:39,072
and no one protests.
2048
01:39:39,106 --> 01:39:42,142
Pearl Harbor and three years of
brutal conflict in the Pacific
2049
01:39:42,175 --> 01:39:44,710
bought us a lot of latitude
with the American public.
2050
01:39:44,744 --> 01:39:46,779
Enough to unleash
the atomic bomb?
2051
01:39:46,812 --> 01:39:48,681
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause
2052
01:39:48,714 --> 01:39:50,616
as much damage
as the Tokyo bombings.
2053
01:39:50,649 --> 01:39:52,018
What are we estimating?
2054
01:39:52,052 --> 01:39:54,887
In a medium-size city, uh,
2055
01:39:54,920 --> 01:39:56,323
20 or 30,000 dead.
2056
01:39:56,356 --> 01:39:58,158
Yes, but, uh,
2057
01:39:58,191 --> 01:40:01,228
don't underestimate
the psychological impact of a...
2058
01:40:01,261 --> 01:40:02,661
of an atomic explosion.
2059
01:40:02,695 --> 01:40:06,932
A pillar of fire
10,000 feet tall.
2060
01:40:06,966 --> 01:40:10,303
Deadly neutron effects
for a mile, in all directions,
2061
01:40:10,337 --> 01:40:13,240
from one single device.
2062
01:40:13,273 --> 01:40:15,608
Dropped from
a barely noticed B-29,
2063
01:40:15,641 --> 01:40:17,910
the atomic bomb will be
2064
01:40:17,943 --> 01:40:20,780
a terrible revelation
of divine power.
2065
01:40:20,813 --> 01:40:24,084
If that's true,
it would be definitive.
2066
01:40:24,117 --> 01:40:26,186
World War II would be over.
2067
01:40:26,219 --> 01:40:27,920
Our boys would come home.
2068
01:40:27,953 --> 01:40:29,089
Military targets?
2069
01:40:30,223 --> 01:40:32,892
Uh, there aren't any big enough.
2070
01:40:32,925 --> 01:40:38,697
Perhaps a vital war plant
with workers housed nearby.
2071
01:40:38,731 --> 01:40:41,068
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
2072
01:40:41,101 --> 01:40:43,270
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
2073
01:40:43,303 --> 01:40:44,904
and I'd be up in that plane.
2074
01:40:44,937 --> 01:40:48,141
But if we announce it
and it fails to go off,
2075
01:40:48,175 --> 01:40:50,876
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
2076
01:40:50,910 --> 01:40:54,013
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan
2077
01:40:54,047 --> 01:40:55,748
to provoke surrender?
2078
01:40:55,781 --> 01:40:58,851
We intend to demonstrate it
in the most unambiguous terms.
2079
01:40:58,884 --> 01:40:59,585
Twice.
2080
01:40:59,618 --> 01:41:01,687
Once to show the weapon's power
2081
01:41:01,720 --> 01:41:04,224
and a second to show
that we can keep doing this
2082
01:41:04,257 --> 01:41:05,758
until they surrender.
2083
01:41:05,791 --> 01:41:09,162
We have a list of 12 cities
to choose from...
2084
01:41:09,196 --> 01:41:11,098
Sorry, 11.
2085
01:41:11,131 --> 01:41:12,832
I've taken Kyoto off the list
2086
01:41:12,865 --> 01:41:16,669
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
2087
01:41:16,702 --> 01:41:19,339
Also, my wife and I
honeymooned there.
2088
01:41:19,372 --> 01:41:20,873
It's a magnificent city.
2089
01:41:24,444 --> 01:41:26,146
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
2090
01:41:26,179 --> 01:41:28,681
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
2091
01:41:28,714 --> 01:41:31,151
the Japanese people
will not surrender
2092
01:41:31,184 --> 01:41:32,952
under any circumstances
2093
01:41:32,985 --> 01:41:36,389
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
2094
01:41:36,423 --> 01:41:39,392
Many lives will be lost,
American and Japanese.
2095
01:41:39,426 --> 01:41:41,660
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities
2096
01:41:41,694 --> 01:41:43,662
will save lives.
2097
01:41:43,696 --> 01:41:45,998
If we retain moral advantage.
2098
01:41:46,032 --> 01:41:48,168
-How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
2099
01:41:48,201 --> 01:41:51,138
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat.
2100
01:41:51,171 --> 01:41:52,339
And we'll be in an arms race.
2101
01:41:52,372 --> 01:41:54,441
How open can we be
with the Soviets?
2102
01:41:54,474 --> 01:41:56,042
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets
2103
01:41:56,076 --> 01:41:58,445
from becoming part
of the atomic world.
2104
01:41:58,478 --> 01:42:00,779
We've been told
they have no uranium.
2105
01:42:00,813 --> 01:42:02,014
You've been misinformed.
2106
01:42:02,048 --> 01:42:03,883
A Russian bomb
is a matter of time.
2107
01:42:03,916 --> 01:42:07,320
The program needs to continue
at full pace after the war.
2108
01:42:07,354 --> 01:42:09,955
Uh, Secretary Stimson,
if I may...
2109
01:42:09,989 --> 01:42:13,993
Not all scientists
on the project are in agreement.
2110
01:42:14,026 --> 01:42:16,896
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
2111
01:42:16,929 --> 01:42:18,831
-If you talk a scientist in...
-The Manhattan Project
2112
01:42:18,864 --> 01:42:20,233
has been plagued from the start
2113
01:42:20,267 --> 01:42:24,070
by certain scientists
of doubtful discretion
2114
01:42:24,104 --> 01:42:25,172
and uncertain loyalty.
2115
01:42:25,205 --> 01:42:27,440
One of them just tried to meet
with the president.
2116
01:42:27,474 --> 01:42:29,309
Now, we need these men,
2117
01:42:29,342 --> 01:42:30,876
but as soon as it's practical,
2118
01:42:30,910 --> 01:42:33,180
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
2119
01:42:33,213 --> 01:42:34,780
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
2120
01:42:35,915 --> 01:42:37,750
If a Russian bomb
is inevitable,
2121
01:42:37,783 --> 01:42:41,054
perhaps we should invite
their top scientists to Trinity.
2122
01:42:41,087 --> 01:42:43,390
President Truman
has no intention
2123
01:42:43,423 --> 01:42:44,990
of raising expectations
2124
01:42:45,024 --> 01:42:47,826
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
2125
01:42:47,860 --> 01:42:49,229
Informing him
of our breakthrough
2126
01:42:49,262 --> 01:42:50,863
and presenting it as a means
to win the war
2127
01:42:50,896 --> 01:42:53,799
need not make
unkeepable promises.
2128
01:42:53,832 --> 01:42:55,368
But the Potsdam
peace conference in July
2129
01:42:55,402 --> 01:42:57,304
will be President Truman's
last chance
2130
01:42:57,337 --> 01:42:59,472
to have that conversation.
2131
01:42:59,506 --> 01:43:01,408
Can you give us
a working bomb by then?
2132
01:43:02,375 --> 01:43:06,112
Absolutely. We will test fire
before the conference.
2133
01:43:10,849 --> 01:43:13,386
Ground zero observation posts
2134
01:43:13,420 --> 01:43:14,887
at 10,000 yards
2135
01:43:14,920 --> 01:43:17,090
north, south and west.
2136
01:43:17,123 --> 01:43:20,427
-Where do we trigger from?
-Uh, south 10,000.
2137
01:43:20,460 --> 01:43:23,796
And base camp
is ten miles south, here.
2138
01:43:23,829 --> 01:43:26,765
And there's a further
observation post
2139
01:43:26,799 --> 01:43:28,968
on-on that hill 20 miles away.
2140
01:43:29,001 --> 01:43:31,971
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
2141
01:43:32,004 --> 01:43:35,508
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
2142
01:43:35,542 --> 01:43:37,977
What B-29?
Our bomb's on the tower.
2143
01:43:38,010 --> 01:43:39,379
They want to use the test
2144
01:43:39,412 --> 01:43:41,248
to confirm a safe
operating distance.
2145
01:43:41,281 --> 01:43:42,515
That's risky.
2146
01:43:42,549 --> 01:43:44,184
Not as risky as dropping one
over Japan
2147
01:43:44,217 --> 01:43:45,985
and hoping that we were right
about the blast radius.
2148
01:43:46,018 --> 01:43:48,121
Don't let them slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
2149
01:43:48,154 --> 01:43:51,391
-The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
2150
01:43:51,424 --> 01:43:53,759
The 15th.
2151
01:43:54,860 --> 01:43:56,795
So I'll be here
at South Observation point
2152
01:43:56,829 --> 01:43:59,032
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
2153
01:43:59,065 --> 01:44:01,568
You'll all be assigned
to Base Camp,
2154
01:44:01,601 --> 01:44:04,803
West Observation
or Far Observation.
2155
01:44:14,447 --> 01:44:16,349
Whoa, whoa.
Careful with the knife.
2156
01:44:16,383 --> 01:44:18,817
There, carefully.
2157
01:44:19,918 --> 01:44:21,454
Are those safe distances?
2158
01:44:21,488 --> 01:44:23,989
They're based
on your calculations.
2159
01:44:24,023 --> 01:44:26,925
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
2160
01:44:50,350 --> 01:44:51,817
Yeah.
2161
01:44:56,489 --> 01:44:58,325
What 'bout the radiation cloud?
2162
01:44:58,358 --> 01:44:59,592
Without high winds,
2163
01:44:59,626 --> 01:45:01,194
it should settle
within two to three miles.
2164
01:45:01,227 --> 01:45:03,630
Evacuation measures
are in place.
2165
01:45:03,663 --> 01:45:05,465
But we need good weather
for visibility,
2166
01:45:05,498 --> 01:45:06,965
so it has to be fine.
2167
01:45:08,068 --> 01:45:09,336
Everybody out.
2168
01:45:19,512 --> 01:45:20,647
We go on the night of the 15th.
2169
01:45:20,680 --> 01:45:22,615
It's a hard deadline,
2170
01:45:22,649 --> 01:45:25,951
so if anyone has anything,
speak now.
2171
01:45:26,653 --> 01:45:27,986
Okay, stop, stop.
2172
01:45:28,020 --> 01:45:29,888
Everybody, mattresses.
2173
01:45:29,922 --> 01:45:31,990
Put the mattress underneath.
2174
01:45:48,974 --> 01:45:51,877
Could use
a final implosion test.
2175
01:45:52,579 --> 01:45:54,547
It couldn't hurt.
2176
01:45:54,581 --> 01:45:56,082
Do it.
2177
01:45:57,050 --> 01:45:59,352
Is there anything else
that might stop us?
2178
01:46:33,453 --> 01:46:36,356
It's happening, isn't it?
2179
01:46:37,457 --> 01:46:39,225
I'll send a message.
2180
01:46:40,093 --> 01:46:42,729
If it's gone our way,
2181
01:46:42,762 --> 01:46:44,330
take in the sheets.
2182
01:46:48,368 --> 01:46:49,402
Robert?
2183
01:46:52,071 --> 01:46:53,506
Break a leg.
2184
01:48:00,073 --> 01:48:03,209
Oppie's taken a very modest
three kilotons.
2185
01:48:03,243 --> 01:48:05,612
-Teller's in with 45.
-20.
2186
01:48:05,645 --> 01:48:08,081
Twenty thousand tons of TNT,
2187
01:48:08,114 --> 01:48:09,516
and does anyone want
the side action
2188
01:48:09,549 --> 01:48:12,285
on atmospheric ignition?
2189
01:48:13,253 --> 01:48:16,189
Are you saying
we'll have to delay?
2190
01:48:16,222 --> 01:48:17,390
I'm saying it would be prudent.
2191
01:48:17,423 --> 01:48:18,658
This weather,
has it reached the site?
2192
01:48:24,497 --> 01:48:26,466
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
2193
01:48:26,499 --> 01:48:28,134
Hello, Hans.
2194
01:48:28,167 --> 01:48:29,569
Yes, he's here.
2195
01:48:30,403 --> 01:48:31,738
Yes.
2196
01:48:34,307 --> 01:48:35,508
-Is he wrong?
-No.
2197
01:48:35,542 --> 01:48:37,443
-No?
-No.
2198
01:48:38,278 --> 01:48:39,846
So we're about to fire a dud?
2199
01:48:39,879 --> 01:48:41,347
-No.
-Explain.
2200
01:48:41,381 --> 01:48:44,150
Well, I can't. I just...
I-I just know.
2201
01:48:44,183 --> 01:48:45,852
I know the implosion lenses
will work.
2202
01:48:45,885 --> 01:48:47,287
If we fire these detonators
2203
01:48:47,320 --> 01:48:48,555
and they don't
trigger a reaction,
2204
01:48:48,588 --> 01:48:50,256
two years' worth of plutonium
2205
01:48:50,290 --> 01:48:51,691
will be scattered
across White Sands.
2206
01:48:51,724 --> 01:48:55,628
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
2207
01:48:55,662 --> 01:48:57,664
Jesus.
2208
01:49:02,735 --> 01:49:05,872
The wind's picking
up at zero, not the rain.
2209
01:49:05,905 --> 01:49:07,340
Lightning's circling.
2210
01:49:07,373 --> 01:49:08,808
You think it might be time
to tell your men
2211
01:49:08,841 --> 01:49:11,744
to get away from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
2212
01:49:14,881 --> 01:49:16,849
Let's get to South Observation.
2213
01:49:16,883 --> 01:49:18,351
Pull 'em out.
2214
01:49:18,384 --> 01:49:19,786
We can make
our determination there.
2215
01:49:25,191 --> 01:49:27,193
The team hasn't slept
in two nights.
2216
01:49:27,226 --> 01:49:29,228
If we stand down,
make the bomb safe,
2217
01:49:29,262 --> 01:49:30,597
we won't be back here for weeks.
2218
01:49:30,630 --> 01:49:32,298
Then we'll miss Potsdam.
2219
01:49:32,332 --> 01:49:34,233
I gotta get word
to Truman by 7:00.
2220
01:49:34,267 --> 01:49:35,501
Our window's closing.
2221
01:49:35,535 --> 01:49:36,603
What is this doing?
2222
01:49:36,636 --> 01:49:38,137
Raining, blowing, lightning.
2223
01:49:38,171 --> 01:49:40,206
-For how long, damn it?
-It's holdin' strong.
2224
01:49:40,239 --> 01:49:41,541
It'll break before dawn.
2225
01:49:41,574 --> 01:49:43,242
-How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
2226
01:49:43,276 --> 01:49:44,377
Storm cools overnight.
2227
01:49:44,410 --> 01:49:46,212
Just before dawn,
the storm breaks.
2228
01:49:46,245 --> 01:49:48,448
He could be right, but schedule
as late as possible.
2229
01:49:48,481 --> 01:49:50,216
5:30!
2230
01:49:50,249 --> 01:49:51,284
Sign your forecast.
2231
01:49:51,317 --> 01:49:52,385
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
2232
01:49:52,418 --> 01:49:54,220
Frank, tell them all, 5:30.
2233
01:49:54,253 --> 01:49:56,389
-5:30, 5:30.
-5:30.
2234
01:49:58,591 --> 01:50:03,529
Three years,
4,000 people, $2 billion.
2235
01:50:03,563 --> 01:50:05,932
Well, if it doesn't go off...
2236
01:50:05,965 --> 01:50:07,567
we're both finished.
2237
01:50:10,336 --> 01:50:12,305
I'm betting on three kilotons.
2238
01:50:13,272 --> 01:50:14,707
Anything less,
they won't get what it is.
2239
01:50:14,741 --> 01:50:19,312
What did Fermi mean
by "atmospheric ignition"?
2240
01:50:19,345 --> 01:50:20,813
Well, we had a moment
where it looked like
2241
01:50:20,847 --> 01:50:24,684
the chain reaction from an
atomic device might never stop.
2242
01:50:25,918 --> 01:50:27,954
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
2243
01:50:27,987 --> 01:50:29,956
Why is Fermi
still taking side bets on it?
2244
01:50:29,989 --> 01:50:33,159
Call it gallows humor.
2245
01:50:35,495 --> 01:50:38,297
Wait, are we saying
there's a chance
2246
01:50:38,331 --> 01:50:40,199
that when we push that button,
2247
01:50:40,233 --> 01:50:41,567
we destroy the world?
2248
01:50:41,601 --> 01:50:43,770
Nothing in our research
over three years
2249
01:50:43,803 --> 01:50:45,438
supports that conclusion.
2250
01:50:45,471 --> 01:50:48,441
Except as the most
remote possibility.
2251
01:50:48,474 --> 01:50:49,809
How remote?
2252
01:50:49,842 --> 01:50:51,444
Chances are near zero.
2253
01:50:52,779 --> 01:50:54,180
Near zero?
2254
01:50:54,947 --> 01:50:57,517
What do you want
from theory alone?
2255
01:50:59,018 --> 01:51:01,387
Zero would be nice.
2256
01:51:04,691 --> 01:51:06,325
In exactly
2257
01:51:06,359 --> 01:51:09,662
one hour, 58 minutes,
2258
01:51:09,696 --> 01:51:11,230
we'll know.
2259
01:51:17,270 --> 01:51:18,471
It's letting up.
2260
01:51:31,350 --> 01:51:33,720
The arming party's left Zero,
they're heading this way.
2261
01:51:33,753 --> 01:51:34,721
Throwing the switches.
2262
01:51:34,754 --> 01:51:35,855
Turn the cars.
2263
01:51:35,888 --> 01:51:38,357
Ready for emergency evacuation.
2264
01:51:56,043 --> 01:51:57,276
...welder's glass.
2265
01:51:57,310 --> 01:51:58,878
Everybody take your places.
2266
01:51:58,911 --> 01:52:01,414
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2267
01:52:02,915 --> 01:52:04,784
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2268
01:52:56,002 --> 01:52:57,403
Twenty minutes.
2269
01:53:00,907 --> 01:53:02,742
Twenty minutes.
2270
01:53:13,920 --> 01:53:15,454
That's 20.
2271
01:53:18,457 --> 01:53:19,926
On the leg, please.
2272
01:53:21,460 --> 01:53:23,963
-Feynman.
-No.
2273
01:53:23,996 --> 01:53:25,965
The glass. Stops the U.V.
2274
01:53:25,998 --> 01:53:27,800
And what stops the glass?
2275
01:53:28,801 --> 01:53:31,771
I'm gonna head to base camp.
Best of luck.
2276
01:53:32,905 --> 01:53:34,440
Robert.
2277
01:53:35,042 --> 01:53:36,876
Try not to blow up the world.
2278
01:53:48,754 --> 01:53:49,856
Watch that needle.
2279
01:53:49,889 --> 01:53:51,457
If the detonators don't charge
2280
01:53:51,490 --> 01:53:53,426
or the voltage drops
below one volt,
2281
01:53:53,459 --> 01:53:55,461
you hit that button, you abort.
2282
01:53:55,494 --> 01:53:57,797
-Understood?
-Understood.
2283
01:54:05,205 --> 01:54:07,740
Two minutes to detonation.
2284
01:54:07,773 --> 01:54:09,742
Everybody down.
2285
01:54:09,775 --> 01:54:10,743
Do not turn around
2286
01:54:10,776 --> 01:54:13,846
until you see light
reflected on the hills.
2287
01:54:13,880 --> 01:54:15,014
Then look at the explosion
2288
01:54:15,048 --> 01:54:16,682
only through
your welder's glass.
2289
01:54:16,716 --> 01:54:19,418
Ninety seconds to detonation.
2290
01:54:21,054 --> 01:54:23,890
Ninety seconds to detonation.
2291
01:54:23,923 --> 01:54:26,025
Is it rubbed in?
2292
01:54:26,059 --> 01:54:27,426
Yeah.
2293
01:54:33,766 --> 01:54:36,869
Sixty seconds to detonation.
2294
01:54:51,550 --> 01:54:53,786
These things are hard
on your heart.
2295
01:54:53,819 --> 01:54:55,521
Thirty seconds.
2296
01:55:00,626 --> 01:55:02,028
Detonators charged.
2297
01:55:12,172 --> 01:55:15,641
Seventeen, sixteen,
2298
01:55:15,675 --> 01:55:16,842
fifteen,
2299
01:55:16,876 --> 01:55:18,045
fourteen,
2300
01:55:18,078 --> 01:55:19,879
thirteen,
2301
01:55:19,912 --> 01:55:22,082
twelve,
2302
01:55:22,115 --> 01:55:23,783
eleven,
2303
01:55:23,816 --> 01:55:25,785
ten,
2304
01:55:25,818 --> 01:55:28,221
nine,
2305
01:55:28,255 --> 01:55:30,223
eight,
2306
01:55:30,257 --> 01:55:32,825
seven,
2307
01:55:32,858 --> 01:55:35,228
six...
2308
01:55:35,262 --> 01:55:36,729
...five...
2309
01:55:38,731 --> 01:55:41,201
...four...
2310
01:55:41,234 --> 01:55:43,170
three...
2311
01:55:43,203 --> 01:55:44,737
two...
2312
01:55:46,039 --> 01:55:47,107
...one.
2313
01:56:08,627 --> 01:56:10,563
Poof.
2314
01:57:19,366 --> 01:57:22,735
"And now I am become Death.
2315
01:57:24,637 --> 01:57:26,806
The destroyer of worlds."
2316
01:57:59,805 --> 01:58:01,174
It worked.
2317
01:58:36,409 --> 01:58:38,411
-You owe me ten dollars!
-Oh!
2318
01:58:40,746 --> 01:58:41,881
-Come on!
-Hang on.
2319
01:58:41,914 --> 01:58:43,350
I'm good for it, Kisty.
2320
01:58:43,383 --> 01:58:45,684
You are.
2321
01:58:45,718 --> 01:58:48,421
Yes, you are!
2322
01:59:12,512 --> 01:59:14,047
Well done.
2323
01:59:15,748 --> 01:59:18,285
We did it! We did it!
2324
01:59:18,318 --> 01:59:20,220
Well done.
2325
01:59:25,024 --> 01:59:26,859
-Get me Potsdam right away.
-Yes, sir.
2326
01:59:38,338 --> 01:59:40,106
Get a message to Kitty.
2327
01:59:40,140 --> 01:59:40,839
We can't say anything.
2328
01:59:40,873 --> 01:59:42,808
Tell her to take in the sheets.
2329
01:59:50,816 --> 01:59:52,352
We did it, everyone!
2330
01:59:57,224 --> 01:59:59,024
Hello?
2331
01:59:59,059 --> 02:00:01,494
-Hi, Kitty?
-What, what? Charlotte...
2332
02:00:01,528 --> 02:00:02,895
Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead.
2333
02:00:02,928 --> 02:00:04,297
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
2334
02:00:04,331 --> 02:00:07,534
he just said to tell you
to "bring in the sheets."
2335
02:00:10,237 --> 02:00:11,804
Kitty?
2336
02:00:12,905 --> 02:00:15,342
Kitty?
Kitty, are you still there?
2337
02:00:22,249 --> 02:00:24,384
If they detonate it
too high in the air,
2338
02:00:24,417 --> 02:00:25,784
the blast won't be as powerful.
2339
02:00:25,818 --> 02:00:27,853
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
2340
02:00:27,886 --> 02:00:29,922
we'll take it from here.
2341
02:00:40,166 --> 02:00:43,069
Did Truman brief Stalin
at Potsdam?
2342
02:00:43,103 --> 02:00:45,838
A brief would be
an overstatement.
2343
02:00:45,871 --> 02:00:49,942
He referred
to a powerful new weapon.
2344
02:00:49,975 --> 02:00:55,048
Stalin hoped we'd use it
against Japan.
2345
02:00:56,283 --> 02:00:58,017
That's it?
2346
02:00:58,051 --> 02:01:01,288
Robert, we've given them an ace,
it's for them to play the hand.
2347
02:01:03,423 --> 02:01:05,525
You're aiming for the 6th?
2348
02:01:05,558 --> 02:01:07,860
It's up to the CO
in the Pacific.
2349
02:01:09,195 --> 02:01:11,264
Shall I come with you
to Washington?
2350
02:01:12,865 --> 02:01:14,100
What for?
2351
02:01:16,369 --> 02:01:17,970
Well, you'll keep me informed.
2352
02:01:19,306 --> 02:01:20,939
Of course.
2353
02:01:22,509 --> 02:01:24,110
As best I can.
2354
02:01:41,528 --> 02:01:44,397
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
2355
02:01:45,632 --> 02:01:47,233
I don't know.
2356
02:01:49,636 --> 02:01:51,638
Have you seen
Szilard's petition?
2357
02:01:51,671 --> 02:01:54,407
What the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
2358
02:01:54,441 --> 02:01:55,642
You're not signing it, are you?
2359
02:01:55,675 --> 02:01:59,079
Many people have.
A lot of people have.
2360
02:01:59,112 --> 02:02:00,246
Edward.
2361
02:02:01,514 --> 02:02:03,183
The fact that we built this bomb
2362
02:02:03,216 --> 02:02:06,219
does not give us any more...
any more right or responsibility
2363
02:02:06,252 --> 02:02:08,355
to decide how it's used
than anyone else.
2364
02:02:08,388 --> 02:02:10,390
But we're the only people
who know about it.
2365
02:02:10,423 --> 02:02:13,992
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
2366
02:02:14,026 --> 02:02:15,428
But what's your opinion?
2367
02:02:16,663 --> 02:02:18,198
Once it's used...
2368
02:02:19,299 --> 02:02:23,001
...nuclear war,
perhaps all war...
2369
02:02:24,604 --> 02:02:26,039
...becomes unthinkable.
2370
02:02:26,072 --> 02:02:29,075
Until somebody
builds a bigger bomb.
2371
02:02:49,662 --> 02:02:51,398
I thought they would call.
2372
02:02:51,431 --> 02:02:52,998
It's only the 5th.
2373
02:02:55,168 --> 02:02:57,170
In Japan, it's the 6th.
2374
02:03:10,316 --> 02:03:11,317
Charlotte.
2375
02:03:13,653 --> 02:03:15,355
Try Groves.
2376
02:03:16,356 --> 02:03:17,424
Anything?
2377
02:03:19,726 --> 02:03:21,094
Charlotte?
2378
02:03:21,127 --> 02:03:22,429
Truman's on the radio.
2379
02:03:23,363 --> 02:03:26,266
Sixteen hours ago,
2380
02:03:26,299 --> 02:03:32,205
an American airplane dropped
one bomb on Hiroshima...
2381
02:03:33,239 --> 02:03:36,376
...and destroyed its usefulness
to the enemy.
2382
02:03:38,344 --> 02:03:44,217
The bomb had more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
2383
02:03:45,685 --> 02:03:48,154
It is an atomic bomb.
2384
02:03:51,357 --> 02:03:52,725
It is a harnessing
2385
02:03:52,759 --> 02:03:55,528
of the basic powers
of the universe.
2386
02:03:57,564 --> 02:03:59,199
Groves on one.
2387
02:03:59,232 --> 02:04:02,268
We are now prepared
to destroy more rapidly
2388
02:04:02,302 --> 02:04:04,604
and completely the Japanese...
2389
02:04:04,637 --> 02:04:06,306
General?
2390
02:04:06,339 --> 02:04:09,375
I'm very proud of you
and all of your people.
2391
02:04:09,409 --> 02:04:10,743
It went all right?
2392
02:04:10,777 --> 02:04:13,746
Apparently, it went
with a tremendous bang.
2393
02:04:13,780 --> 02:04:15,415
Well,
2394
02:04:15,448 --> 02:04:18,384
everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
2395
02:04:19,819 --> 02:04:21,454
It's been a long road.
2396
02:04:21,488 --> 02:04:24,290
I think one of
the wisest things I ever did
2397
02:04:24,324 --> 02:04:27,360
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
2398
02:04:29,729 --> 02:04:32,065
We have spent
2399
02:04:32,098 --> 02:04:34,100
more than $2 billion
2400
02:04:34,133 --> 02:04:38,371
on the greatest
scientific gamble in history,
2401
02:04:38,404 --> 02:04:41,241
and we have won.
2402
02:04:44,777 --> 02:04:47,480
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2403
02:04:47,514 --> 02:04:49,516
Oppie! Oppie!
2404
02:04:49,549 --> 02:04:52,752
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2405
02:04:52,785 --> 02:04:54,621
Oppie! Oppie!
2406
02:04:54,654 --> 02:04:57,423
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2407
02:04:57,457 --> 02:05:00,793
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2408
02:05:00,827 --> 02:05:05,431
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2409
02:05:05,465 --> 02:05:06,799
Oppie! Oppie!
2410
02:05:06,833 --> 02:05:09,402
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2411
02:06:08,494 --> 02:06:09,596
The world...
2412
02:06:11,598 --> 02:06:12,732
...will remember this day.
2413
02:06:31,651 --> 02:06:33,386
It's too soon to...
2414
02:06:34,253 --> 02:06:35,922
It's too soon to determine
2415
02:06:35,955 --> 02:06:38,324
what the results
of the bombing are.
2416
02:06:41,260 --> 02:06:42,862
But I'll bet the Japanese
didn't like it.
2417
02:07:03,750 --> 02:07:05,284
I'm so proud.
2418
02:07:06,419 --> 02:07:08,554
So proud of what
you have accomplished.
2419
02:07:14,861 --> 02:07:18,698
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2420
02:09:08,541 --> 02:09:10,409
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2421
02:09:11,010 --> 02:09:13,312
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2422
02:09:13,346 --> 02:09:15,014
-Nice picture.
-Oh.
2423
02:09:15,048 --> 02:09:17,383
President Truman
will see you now.
2424
02:09:31,098 --> 02:09:33,933
Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor.
2425
02:09:33,966 --> 02:09:35,902
-Mr. President.
-Please.
2426
02:09:35,935 --> 02:09:37,737
Thank you.
2427
02:09:37,770 --> 02:09:39,305
Secretary Byrnes.
2428
02:09:40,506 --> 02:09:42,508
How's it feel to be
2429
02:09:42,542 --> 02:09:44,577
the most famous man
in the world?
2430
02:09:45,578 --> 02:09:48,648
You helped save a lot
of American lives.
2431
02:09:48,681 --> 02:09:51,051
What we did
at Hiroshima was a...
2432
02:09:51,084 --> 02:09:53,019
And Nagasaki.
2433
02:09:53,053 --> 02:09:55,055
Well, obviously.
2434
02:09:55,088 --> 02:09:59,025
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2435
02:09:59,059 --> 02:10:02,428
Well, it was hardly
my invention.
2436
02:10:02,461 --> 02:10:04,730
It was you on the cover of
Time.
2437
02:10:07,600 --> 02:10:09,136
Jim tells me you're concerned
2438
02:10:09,169 --> 02:10:10,937
about an arms race
with the Soviets.
2439
02:10:10,970 --> 02:10:13,339
Uh, yes, uh...
2440
02:10:14,041 --> 02:10:15,541
Well, um,
2441
02:10:15,575 --> 02:10:20,680
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure
2442
02:10:20,713 --> 02:10:23,583
international cooperation on
atomic energy,
2443
02:10:23,616 --> 02:10:26,652
and... and I'm concerned...
2444
02:10:26,686 --> 02:10:28,921
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2445
02:10:28,955 --> 02:10:30,890
I don't think I could give a...
2446
02:10:30,923 --> 02:10:32,326
Never.
2447
02:10:32,959 --> 02:10:34,594
Never.
2448
02:10:34,627 --> 02:10:37,797
Mr. President, the-the Russians
have good physicists
2449
02:10:37,830 --> 02:10:39,465
and-and...
and abundant resources.
2450
02:10:39,498 --> 02:10:41,601
-Abundant?
-Yes.
2451
02:10:41,634 --> 02:10:44,904
I don't think so.
2452
02:10:44,937 --> 02:10:48,474
Well, they'll-they'll put
everything they have and...
2453
02:10:51,744 --> 02:10:55,615
I hear you're leaving
Los Alamos.
2454
02:10:56,883 --> 02:10:57,984
What should we do with it?
2455
02:10:58,017 --> 02:11:00,519
Give it back to the Indians.
2456
02:11:07,927 --> 02:11:11,164
Um... Dr. Oppenheimer,
2457
02:11:11,198 --> 02:11:13,532
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2458
02:11:13,566 --> 02:11:16,969
we have to build up Los Alamos,
2459
02:11:17,003 --> 02:11:18,905
not shut it down.
2460
02:11:22,142 --> 02:11:23,943
Uh, Mr. President...
2461
02:11:25,011 --> 02:11:26,512
Um...
2462
02:11:29,182 --> 02:11:32,852
I feel that I have blood
on my hands.
2463
02:11:52,638 --> 02:11:57,944
You think anyone
in Hiroshima or Nagasaki
2464
02:11:57,977 --> 02:12:01,013
gives a shit who built the bomb?
2465
02:12:04,184 --> 02:12:06,552
They care who dropped it.
2466
02:12:07,254 --> 02:12:09,522
I did.
2467
02:12:10,756 --> 02:12:13,726
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2468
02:12:19,865 --> 02:12:22,001
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2469
02:12:32,945 --> 02:12:35,748
Don't let that crybaby
back in here.
2470
02:12:40,853 --> 02:12:43,889
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2471
02:12:43,923 --> 02:12:47,260
By the time I'd met him,
he'd fully embraced
2472
02:12:47,294 --> 02:12:49,862
his "father of the bomb"
reputation.
2473
02:12:49,895 --> 02:12:52,299
Used his profile
to influence policy.
2474
02:13:01,774 --> 02:13:03,143
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
2475
02:13:03,176 --> 02:13:05,312
would you say that
you exerted a great influence
2476
02:13:05,345 --> 02:13:07,147
on the atomic policies
of the USA?
2477
02:13:07,180 --> 02:13:09,882
I think great
would be an overstatement.
2478
02:13:09,915 --> 02:13:11,884
Really? If we look
at the issue of isotopes,
2479
02:13:11,917 --> 02:13:13,619
were you not
personally responsible
2480
02:13:13,652 --> 02:13:15,688
for destroying all opposition
to their export?
2481
02:13:15,721 --> 02:13:18,591
Could use a-a bottle of beer...
2482
02:13:18,624 --> 02:13:20,293
...when making atomic weapons.
In fact, you do.
2483
02:13:20,327 --> 02:13:22,795
I was the spokesman,
but the-the opinion
2484
02:13:22,828 --> 02:13:24,630
among scientists was unanimous.
2485
02:13:24,663 --> 02:13:26,333
All along with McCarthy
on the rise,
2486
02:13:26,366 --> 02:13:27,767
he knew he was vulnerable.
2487
02:13:27,800 --> 02:13:29,169
His brother was blacklisted
2488
02:13:29,202 --> 02:13:32,105
by every university
in the country.
2489
02:13:33,206 --> 02:13:36,043
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2490
02:13:38,644 --> 02:13:40,080
And Chevalier went into exile.
2491
02:13:43,216 --> 02:13:44,650
But none of that
2492
02:13:44,683 --> 02:13:46,652
stopped Robert
from pushing the GAC
2493
02:13:46,685 --> 02:13:49,555
to recommend arms control
instead of the H-bomb.
2494
02:13:51,358 --> 02:13:52,825
He was devastated
2495
02:13:52,858 --> 02:13:54,927
when Truman rejected
their recommendation.
2496
02:13:56,662 --> 02:13:59,199
I miss Richard
more than I can bear.
2497
02:13:59,232 --> 02:14:01,000
I know, Ruth, I know.
2498
02:14:01,034 --> 02:14:04,137
Part of me's glad he didn't live
to see where this is all going.
2499
02:14:06,906 --> 02:14:08,341
Here comes the birthday boy.
2500
02:14:08,375 --> 02:14:10,976
-To gloat.
-Have fun.
2501
02:14:11,977 --> 02:14:14,347
Robert, uh, my son and his
fiancée are desperate to meet
2502
02:14:14,381 --> 02:14:16,349
the father of the atomic bomb,
and so...
2503
02:14:16,383 --> 02:14:19,186
Well. Good day.
2504
02:14:25,258 --> 02:14:27,360
Is this a bad time?
2505
02:14:27,394 --> 02:14:28,894
What do you think, Lewis?
2506
02:14:28,928 --> 02:14:30,996
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
2507
02:14:31,030 --> 02:14:33,166
For the world.
2508
02:14:33,200 --> 02:14:34,834
The world?
2509
02:14:34,867 --> 02:14:38,838
What does Fuchs mean
to the rest of the world?
2510
02:14:38,871 --> 02:14:40,273
Fuchs?
2511
02:14:40,307 --> 02:14:41,907
Klaus Fuchs?
2512
02:14:43,343 --> 02:14:45,744
Oh, dear. You haven't heard.
2513
02:14:48,914 --> 02:14:50,783
Klaus Fuchs, the British
scientist that you put
2514
02:14:50,816 --> 02:14:53,853
onto the implosion team
at Los Alamos,
2515
02:14:53,886 --> 02:14:56,021
turns out he was...
2516
02:14:56,056 --> 02:14:59,326
he was spying for the Soviets
the whole time.
2517
02:14:59,359 --> 02:15:00,893
I'm sorry.
2518
02:15:06,066 --> 02:15:08,968
After the truth
about Fuchs came out,
2519
02:15:09,001 --> 02:15:11,104
the FBI stepped up
surveillance on him.
2520
02:15:11,138 --> 02:15:15,007
He knew his phone was tapped,
he was followed everywhere...
2521
02:15:16,376 --> 02:15:17,810
...his trash picked through.
2522
02:15:21,814 --> 02:15:23,283
But never stopped
speaking his mind.
2523
02:15:23,316 --> 02:15:25,985
A man of conviction.
2524
02:15:26,018 --> 02:15:28,854
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2525
02:15:30,357 --> 02:15:33,792
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2526
02:15:35,195 --> 02:15:36,229
He took it.
2527
02:15:36,263 --> 02:15:38,731
America and Russia
2528
02:15:38,764 --> 02:15:43,036
may be likened
to two scorpions in a bottle,
2529
02:15:43,069 --> 02:15:46,439
each capable
of killing the other
2530
02:15:46,473 --> 02:15:49,176
but only at the risk
of his own life.
2531
02:15:49,209 --> 02:15:51,977
Now, there are various aspects
of this policy...
2532
02:15:52,011 --> 02:15:54,013
Lot of scientists blame me,
2533
02:15:54,047 --> 02:15:57,184
but how was I supposed
to protect him?
2534
02:15:57,217 --> 02:15:59,186
...too secret for discussion,
2535
02:15:59,219 --> 02:16:01,221
candor is the only remedy.
2536
02:16:01,254 --> 02:16:02,788
Officials in Washington
2537
02:16:02,821 --> 02:16:04,324
need to start leveling
with the American people.
2538
02:16:06,025 --> 02:16:08,861
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2539
02:16:08,894 --> 02:16:10,930
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
2540
02:16:10,963 --> 02:16:13,732
And with it, his credibility.
2541
02:16:13,766 --> 02:16:16,169
But how could they do it?
2542
02:16:16,203 --> 02:16:17,470
He was a war hero.
2543
02:16:17,504 --> 02:16:19,206
He'd already told everyone
about his past.
2544
02:16:19,239 --> 02:16:21,208
Borden dredged it all up.
2545
02:16:21,241 --> 02:16:24,477
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2546
02:16:24,511 --> 02:16:26,079
Could it have been Nichols?
2547
02:16:26,112 --> 02:16:28,415
No, I can't imagine
he'd do that.
2548
02:16:28,448 --> 02:16:30,483
But whoever did
unleashed a firestorm
2549
02:16:30,517 --> 02:16:32,519
that burned a path
from the White House
2550
02:16:32,552 --> 02:16:35,222
back to my desk at the AEC.
2551
02:16:35,255 --> 02:16:37,090
You see them in there, right?
2552
02:16:37,123 --> 02:16:40,993
I've been working
my whole life to get here.
2553
02:16:41,026 --> 02:16:43,063
Cabinet of
the United States of America.
2554
02:16:43,096 --> 02:16:45,030
Now, in front
of the entire country,
2555
02:16:45,065 --> 02:16:47,133
they're gonna put me
back in my place.
2556
02:16:48,568 --> 02:16:51,238
A lowly shoe salesman.
2557
02:16:51,271 --> 02:16:53,106
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2558
02:16:53,139 --> 02:16:55,208
I-I think we can
get the Senate to grasp
2559
02:16:55,242 --> 02:16:58,044
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2560
02:16:58,078 --> 02:16:59,845
Now, will Hill's testimony
back us up?
2561
02:16:59,878 --> 02:17:01,847
-Hill will be fine.
-I don't really know him,
2562
02:17:01,880 --> 02:17:04,050
but, uh, he was one
of Szilard's boys in Chicago,
2563
02:17:04,084 --> 02:17:06,119
and they never forgave Robert
for not supporting
2564
02:17:06,152 --> 02:17:08,555
their petition
against bombing Japan.
2565
02:17:08,588 --> 02:17:13,792
This was taken 31 days
after the bombing.
2566
02:17:13,826 --> 02:17:16,563
Virtually everyone
in the street,
2567
02:17:16,596 --> 02:17:18,831
for nearly a mile around,
2568
02:17:18,864 --> 02:17:22,068
was instantly
and seriously burned.
2569
02:17:23,303 --> 02:17:27,840
The, uh, Japanese spoke of
people who wore striped clothing
2570
02:17:27,873 --> 02:17:30,843
upon whom the skin
was burned in stripes.
2571
02:17:31,910 --> 02:17:34,281
There were many
who thought themselves lucky,
2572
02:17:34,314 --> 02:17:37,016
who climbed out of the ruins
of their homes
2573
02:17:37,050 --> 02:17:38,917
only slightly injured.
2574
02:17:40,053 --> 02:17:41,820
But they died anyway.
2575
02:17:42,489 --> 02:17:45,592
They died days or weeks later
2576
02:17:45,625 --> 02:17:48,961
from the radium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2577
02:17:48,994 --> 02:17:50,896
at the moment of the explosion.
2578
02:17:52,098 --> 02:17:54,167
Did you read this crap
in the papers?
2579
02:17:54,200 --> 02:17:57,002
A British physicist is saying
the atomic bombings
2580
02:17:57,037 --> 02:17:59,205
were not the last act
of World War II
2581
02:17:59,239 --> 02:18:02,375
but the first act
of this cold war with Russia.
2582
02:18:02,409 --> 02:18:03,876
Which physicist?
2583
02:18:03,909 --> 02:18:05,312
I think you knew him.
2584
02:18:05,345 --> 02:18:06,945
Patrick Blackett.
2585
02:18:09,416 --> 02:18:10,983
He may not be wrong.
2586
02:18:11,016 --> 02:18:12,352
Stimson is now telling me
2587
02:18:12,385 --> 02:18:15,622
we bombed an enemy
that was essentially defeated.
2588
02:18:15,655 --> 02:18:19,192
Robert,
you've all the influence now.
2589
02:18:19,225 --> 02:18:20,926
Please.
2590
02:18:20,959 --> 02:18:23,063
Urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
2591
02:18:23,096 --> 02:18:24,464
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2592
02:18:24,497 --> 02:18:26,599
Why not?
2593
02:18:26,633 --> 02:18:28,335
It's not the right use
of our resources.
2594
02:18:28,368 --> 02:18:30,470
Is that what you really believe?
2595
02:18:30,503 --> 02:18:32,871
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2596
02:18:32,905 --> 02:18:35,308
Sphinx-like guru of the atom.
2597
02:18:36,609 --> 02:18:38,378
Nobody knows what you believe.
2598
02:18:39,479 --> 02:18:41,348
Do you? Hmm?
2599
02:18:41,381 --> 02:18:44,084
One final time,
our program director,
2600
02:18:44,117 --> 02:18:46,086
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2601
02:18:47,287 --> 02:18:49,055
I hope that in years to come
2602
02:18:49,089 --> 02:18:53,093
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
2603
02:18:53,126 --> 02:18:55,495
But today, that pride
must be tempered
2604
02:18:55,528 --> 02:18:57,863
with a profound concern.
2605
02:18:59,132 --> 02:19:00,933
If atomic weapons
are to be added
2606
02:19:00,966 --> 02:19:03,370
to the arsenals
of a warring world,
2607
02:19:03,403 --> 02:19:06,972
then the day will come
when people will curse
2608
02:19:07,005 --> 02:19:08,408
the name of Los Alamos.
2609
02:19:12,412 --> 02:19:14,514
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2610
02:19:14,547 --> 02:19:16,549
Stopped off to get this.
2611
02:19:16,583 --> 02:19:19,386
It seems pretty favorable.
2612
02:19:19,419 --> 02:19:20,520
There's Oppenheimer.
2613
02:19:20,553 --> 02:19:22,122
What's the caption?
2614
02:19:22,155 --> 02:19:24,990
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer,
Strauss fought..."
2615
02:19:26,559 --> 02:19:28,128
"...and the US won."
2616
02:19:28,961 --> 02:19:30,230
That'll work.
2617
02:19:30,263 --> 02:19:32,499
Those were your words
from the other day.
2618
02:19:32,532 --> 02:19:33,932
We needed to pivot.
2619
02:19:33,966 --> 02:19:35,235
But how would you know
2620
02:19:35,268 --> 02:19:37,070
what
Time magazine's
gonna write?
2621
02:19:37,103 --> 02:19:39,339
Henry Luce is a friend.
2622
02:19:45,478 --> 02:19:48,981
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2623
02:19:49,014 --> 02:19:51,684
but you've been
far ahead all along.
2624
02:19:51,718 --> 02:19:54,687
Survival in Washington
2625
02:19:54,721 --> 02:19:57,056
is about knowing
how to get things done.
2626
02:19:57,690 --> 02:19:59,092
Right.
2627
02:20:00,693 --> 02:20:02,429
What was it you said
about Borden?
2628
02:20:02,462 --> 02:20:05,465
"Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?"
2629
02:20:07,300 --> 02:20:10,303
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2630
02:20:12,372 --> 02:20:14,607
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2631
02:20:14,641 --> 02:20:16,709
Borden's been able
to exert on Teller.
2632
02:20:16,743 --> 02:20:19,179
Did I say something funny?
2633
02:20:19,212 --> 02:20:20,580
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden"
2634
02:20:20,613 --> 02:20:24,384
when we all know
that it's Strauss.
2635
02:20:24,417 --> 02:20:26,386
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
2636
02:20:26,419 --> 02:20:29,122
And then you humiliated him
in front of Congress.
2637
02:20:29,155 --> 02:20:31,990
But more useful than a sandwich.
2638
02:20:35,161 --> 02:20:36,329
-How'd I do?
-I'll call recess,
2639
02:20:36,362 --> 02:20:37,464
ten minutes.
2640
02:20:37,497 --> 02:20:39,732
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2641
02:20:39,766 --> 02:20:40,999
That was six years ago.
2642
02:20:41,034 --> 02:20:42,735
You know, the truly vindictive,
2643
02:20:42,769 --> 02:20:44,370
patient as saints.
2644
02:20:44,404 --> 02:20:47,207
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2645
02:20:47,240 --> 02:20:50,743
Wake up. It is Strauss.
2646
02:20:50,777 --> 02:20:53,713
It's always been Strauss,
and you know it.
2647
02:20:53,746 --> 02:20:55,381
Why won't you fight him?
2648
02:20:56,416 --> 02:20:57,617
Christ's sake.
2649
02:20:58,718 --> 02:21:01,387
It wasn't Nichols or Hoover
2650
02:21:01,421 --> 02:21:03,089
or one of Truman's guys.
It was you.
2651
02:21:03,122 --> 02:21:05,091
You gave the file to Borden.
2652
02:21:05,124 --> 02:21:06,759
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2653
02:21:06,793 --> 02:21:09,229
-You convinced him to...
-Borden...
2654
02:21:09,262 --> 02:21:11,164
didn't take any convincing.
2655
02:21:11,197 --> 02:21:13,299
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2656
02:21:13,333 --> 02:21:16,236
Write up your conclusion,
send them to the FBI.
2657
02:21:16,269 --> 02:21:18,505
The material
is obviously extensive,
2658
02:21:18,538 --> 02:21:21,207
but there's nothing new here.
2659
02:21:21,241 --> 02:21:22,775
Your conclusions will be.
2660
02:21:22,809 --> 02:21:25,111
And they'll have to be answered.
2661
02:21:25,144 --> 02:21:26,613
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2662
02:21:26,646 --> 02:21:30,250
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2663
02:21:30,283 --> 02:21:33,152
I've talked it over with Hoover,
he'll hold McCarthy at bay
2664
02:21:33,186 --> 02:21:34,787
while you do this with the AEC.
2665
02:21:34,821 --> 02:21:36,656
-A trial.
-No.
2666
02:21:36,689 --> 02:21:40,460
No trial. You can't
give Oppenheimer a platform.
2667
02:21:40,493 --> 02:21:42,262
You can't martyr him.
2668
02:21:42,295 --> 02:21:45,465
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility
2669
02:21:45,498 --> 02:21:49,068
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2670
02:21:49,102 --> 02:21:51,170
Then what?
2671
02:21:52,372 --> 02:21:55,742
A shabby little room,
far from the limelight.
2672
02:22:02,181 --> 02:22:03,449
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
2673
02:22:03,483 --> 02:22:06,119
His Q clearance
is up for renewal.
2674
02:22:06,152 --> 02:22:09,122
You send your accusations
to the FBI.
2675
02:22:10,757 --> 02:22:14,360
Hoover sends them to the AEC,
you're forced to act.
2676
02:22:15,194 --> 02:22:16,496
You write up an indictment
2677
02:22:16,529 --> 02:22:18,164
and tell Oppenheimer
2678
02:22:18,197 --> 02:22:20,867
his security clearance
is not being renewed.
2679
02:22:20,900 --> 02:22:22,435
But offer him
the chance to appeal.
2680
02:22:22,468 --> 02:22:24,804
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2681
02:22:24,837 --> 02:22:26,339
May I keep this?
2682
02:22:26,372 --> 02:22:27,307
No.
2683
02:22:27,340 --> 02:22:29,576
If you do decide to appeal,
2684
02:22:29,609 --> 02:22:31,144
they'll have to send you a copy.
2685
02:22:31,177 --> 02:22:34,414
When he appeals--
and trust me, he will--
2686
02:22:34,447 --> 02:22:36,849
I appoint a board.
2687
02:22:36,883 --> 02:22:39,352
They will, of course,
have counsel.
2688
02:22:39,385 --> 02:22:41,321
-Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
2689
02:22:41,354 --> 02:22:43,523
-Who?
-Roger Robb.
2690
02:22:43,556 --> 02:22:44,724
Ouch.
2691
02:22:44,757 --> 02:22:46,225
Robb will have
security clearance
2692
02:22:46,259 --> 02:22:47,794
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2693
02:22:47,827 --> 02:22:49,262
As will the Gray board.
2694
02:22:49,295 --> 02:22:50,663
Defense counsel will not.
2695
02:22:52,498 --> 02:22:53,900
A closed hearing.
2696
02:22:53,933 --> 02:22:55,168
The so-called
derogatory information
2697
02:22:55,201 --> 02:22:57,370
in your indictment of me.
2698
02:22:57,403 --> 02:22:59,872
No audience. No reporters.
2699
02:22:59,906 --> 02:23:03,376
-No burden of proof.
-No burden of proof?
2700
02:23:04,744 --> 02:23:06,245
We're not convicting.
2701
02:23:06,946 --> 02:23:09,549
We're just denying.
2702
02:23:14,520 --> 02:23:17,290
What is it you said?
2703
02:23:17,323 --> 02:23:20,660
"This is just how
the game is played."
2704
02:23:20,693 --> 02:23:23,663
Well, forgive my naivete.
2705
02:23:23,696 --> 02:23:25,665
Amateurs seek the sun.
2706
02:23:26,633 --> 02:23:27,700
Get eaten.
2707
02:23:28,768 --> 02:23:31,604
Power stays in the shadows.
2708
02:23:31,638 --> 02:23:35,341
But, sir, you're...
you're out of the shadows now.
2709
02:23:35,375 --> 02:23:36,809
Yeah, that's why
this has to work.
2710
02:23:36,843 --> 02:23:38,311
Well...
2711
02:23:39,612 --> 02:23:41,748
Teller's testifying
this morning.
2712
02:23:41,781 --> 02:23:44,183
That'll help. And then...
2713
02:23:44,217 --> 02:23:45,652
Hill is in the afternoon.
2714
02:23:45,685 --> 02:23:48,154
Hill is gonna help us too.
2715
02:23:50,390 --> 02:23:53,559
As you can see,
Robert, it's not yet signed.
2716
02:23:53,593 --> 02:23:54,627
May I keep this?
2717
02:23:54,661 --> 02:23:55,695
No.
2718
02:23:57,797 --> 02:23:59,799
If you do decide to appeal,
2719
02:23:59,832 --> 02:24:02,669
then they'll have
to send you a copy.
2720
02:24:06,239 --> 02:24:08,541
Take my car and driver.
I insist.
2721
02:24:13,279 --> 02:24:15,214
I'll have to consult
my lawyers, Lewis.
2722
02:24:15,248 --> 02:24:17,950
Of course.
But don't take too long.
2723
02:24:17,984 --> 02:24:20,186
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2724
02:24:26,325 --> 02:24:28,628
I'm sorry
it's come to this, Robert.
2725
02:24:28,661 --> 02:24:29,696
I think it's wrong.
2726
02:24:43,009 --> 02:24:44,444
Nichols wants me to fight
2727
02:24:44,477 --> 02:24:46,479
so he can get it
all on the record.
2728
02:24:46,512 --> 02:24:48,381
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2729
02:24:48,414 --> 02:24:51,250
Strauss knows
that you can't do that,
2730
02:24:51,284 --> 02:24:53,720
you'd be accepting the charges.
2731
02:24:53,753 --> 02:24:55,421
You'll lose your job.
2732
02:24:55,455 --> 02:24:57,724
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2733
02:24:57,757 --> 02:25:00,460
Robert, we have to fight.
2734
02:25:03,029 --> 02:25:05,331
As AEC Counsel,
I can't represent you.
2735
02:25:05,364 --> 02:25:06,899
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2736
02:25:06,933 --> 02:25:08,468
Oh, he's good.
2737
02:25:08,501 --> 02:25:12,238
The best,
but I have to warn you...
2738
02:25:12,905 --> 02:25:15,341
...this won't be a fair fight.
2739
02:25:15,374 --> 02:25:17,376
During your interview
2740
02:25:17,410 --> 02:25:19,879
with Boris Pash in 1943,
did you refer to microfilm?
2741
02:25:19,912 --> 02:25:21,414
-No.
-Tab 11,
2742
02:25:21,447 --> 02:25:22,882
page one, paragraph three.
You never said,
2743
02:25:22,915 --> 02:25:26,552
"Man at the consulate expert
in the use of microfilm"?
2744
02:25:26,586 --> 02:25:27,920
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
-No.
2745
02:25:27,954 --> 02:25:28,888
I would like to know
what document
2746
02:25:28,921 --> 02:25:30,356
Mr. Robb is quoting from
2747
02:25:30,389 --> 02:25:31,657
and if we might be
furnished with a copy.
2748
02:25:31,691 --> 02:25:33,760
The document is classified,
Mr. Garrison.
2749
02:25:33,793 --> 02:25:35,628
I think we should get back
to first-hand information.
2750
02:25:35,661 --> 02:25:37,029
This is first-hand.
2751
02:25:37,064 --> 02:25:39,332
How so, Roger?
2752
02:25:40,700 --> 02:25:42,535
There was a recording
of the interview.
2753
02:25:46,506 --> 02:25:48,407
You let my client sit here
2754
02:25:48,441 --> 02:25:49,942
and potentially perjure himself,
2755
02:25:49,976 --> 02:25:52,512
and all this time,
you had a recording?
2756
02:25:52,545 --> 02:25:53,913
Nobody told your client
2757
02:25:53,946 --> 02:25:55,348
to misrepresent
his former answers.
2758
02:25:55,381 --> 02:25:57,450
Misrepre...
It-it was 12 years ago.
2759
02:25:57,483 --> 02:25:58,785
Can we hear this recording?
2760
02:25:58,818 --> 02:26:00,386
You don't have the clearance,
Mr. Garrison.
2761
02:26:00,419 --> 02:26:02,055
But you're reading it
into the record.
2762
02:26:02,089 --> 02:26:03,723
Please, please.
2763
02:26:03,756 --> 02:26:07,360
Is this proceeding interested
in entrapment or in truth?
2764
02:26:07,393 --> 02:26:09,829
If it's truth,
where's the disclosure?
2765
02:26:09,862 --> 02:26:11,497
Where's the witness list?
2766
02:26:11,531 --> 02:26:14,067
Mr. Garrison, this isn't
a trial, as you are well aware.
2767
02:26:14,101 --> 02:26:15,968
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
2768
02:26:16,002 --> 02:26:17,870
We are dealing
with national security.
2769
02:26:17,904 --> 02:26:19,405
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2770
02:26:19,438 --> 02:26:21,808
I fail to see how
national security
2771
02:26:21,841 --> 02:26:23,543
prevents the prosecution
from providing us
2772
02:26:23,576 --> 02:26:25,578
-with a list of witnesses.
-Perhaps we are in need
2773
02:26:25,611 --> 02:26:26,913
-of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen,
2774
02:26:26,946 --> 02:26:28,681
you have my words.
2775
02:26:28,714 --> 02:26:30,850
If you say they're from a
transcript, then I'll accept it.
2776
02:26:30,883 --> 02:26:33,653
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2777
02:26:33,686 --> 02:26:37,023
But why would anyone
make up such an elaborate story?
2778
02:26:37,057 --> 02:26:39,126
Because I was an idiot.
2779
02:26:39,159 --> 02:26:40,760
Why lie?
2780
02:26:40,793 --> 02:26:43,396
Well, clearly with
the intention of not revealing
2781
02:26:43,429 --> 02:26:45,498
who the intermediary was.
2782
02:26:45,531 --> 02:26:47,567
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the Communist.
2783
02:26:47,600 --> 02:26:49,869
Is he still your friend?
2784
02:26:49,902 --> 02:26:51,337
Yes.
2785
02:26:53,439 --> 02:26:56,375
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2786
02:26:56,409 --> 02:26:58,111
Do you know who else
the prosecution has called?
2787
02:26:58,145 --> 02:27:00,479
Teller, obviously.
2788
02:27:01,447 --> 02:27:02,715
They've asked Lawrence.
2789
02:27:02,748 --> 02:27:03,583
What did he say?
2790
02:27:03,616 --> 02:27:06,519
He wasn't going
to help them, but...
2791
02:27:06,552 --> 02:27:07,486
But?
2792
02:27:07,520 --> 02:27:09,522
Strauss told him that
you and Ruth Tolman
2793
02:27:09,555 --> 02:27:11,991
have been having
an affair for years.
2794
02:27:12,024 --> 02:27:13,126
The whole time you lived
2795
02:27:13,160 --> 02:27:14,794
with them in Pasadena.
2796
02:27:14,827 --> 02:27:16,495
He convinced Lawrence
2797
02:27:16,529 --> 02:27:18,098
that Richard died
of a broken heart.
2798
02:27:18,131 --> 02:27:19,432
That's absurd.
2799
02:27:19,465 --> 02:27:22,001
-What part?
-The broken heart.
2800
02:27:22,035 --> 02:27:24,071
Richard never found out.
2801
02:27:24,104 --> 02:27:25,872
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2802
02:27:25,905 --> 02:27:27,406
I don't know.
2803
02:27:27,940 --> 02:27:29,575
Dr. Rabi,
2804
02:27:29,609 --> 02:27:32,678
what governmental positions
do you currently hold?
2805
02:27:32,712 --> 02:27:35,615
I am the chairman of the
General Advisory Committee
2806
02:27:35,648 --> 02:27:38,551
to the AEC,
succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer.
2807
02:27:38,584 --> 02:27:41,420
And how long have
you known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2808
02:27:41,454 --> 02:27:43,056
Since 1928.
2809
02:27:43,090 --> 02:27:45,158
I... I know him quite well.
2810
02:27:45,192 --> 02:27:47,160
Well enough
to speak to the bearing
2811
02:27:47,194 --> 02:27:49,762
of his loyalty and character?
2812
02:27:49,795 --> 02:27:53,799
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2813
02:27:53,833 --> 02:27:56,502
And he is loyal
to the United States,
2814
02:27:56,535 --> 02:27:57,770
to his friends,
2815
02:27:57,803 --> 02:28:00,473
to the institutions
of which he is part.
2816
02:28:01,941 --> 02:28:02,975
Eat.
2817
02:28:21,961 --> 02:28:23,663
What was that?
2818
02:28:23,696 --> 02:28:25,731
Nothing to worry about.
2819
02:28:27,967 --> 02:28:29,702
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2820
02:28:29,735 --> 02:28:32,205
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2821
02:28:32,239 --> 02:28:34,041
You'd be better off asking him.
2822
02:28:34,074 --> 02:28:35,608
Well, I fully intend to.
2823
02:28:35,641 --> 02:28:38,211
Would you say
that Dr. Oppenheimer was
2824
02:28:38,245 --> 02:28:40,247
unalterably opposed
to the H-bomb?
2825
02:28:40,280 --> 02:28:43,083
No, he-he thought that
a fusion program
2826
02:28:43,116 --> 02:28:46,219
would come at the expense of our
awfully good fission program.
2827
02:28:46,253 --> 02:28:48,088
But that proved
not to be the case.
2828
02:28:48,121 --> 02:28:50,756
In the event both could be done.
2829
02:28:50,790 --> 02:28:53,093
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2830
02:28:53,126 --> 02:28:54,261
that in his testimony here,
2831
02:28:54,294 --> 02:28:56,562
Dr. Oppenheimer had been
wholly truthful.
2832
02:28:56,595 --> 02:28:59,799
What would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2833
02:28:59,832 --> 02:29:01,734
Why go through
all this against a man
2834
02:29:01,767 --> 02:29:03,970
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2835
02:29:04,003 --> 02:29:05,638
Look at his record.
2836
02:29:05,671 --> 02:29:07,740
We have an A-bomb
and a whole series of it.
2837
02:29:07,773 --> 02:29:09,709
We have a whole series
of Super bombs.
2838
02:29:09,742 --> 02:29:11,711
What more do you want?
2839
02:29:11,744 --> 02:29:12,611
Mermaids?
2840
02:29:12,645 --> 02:29:14,947
But I've known Secretary Strauss
2841
02:29:14,981 --> 02:29:16,582
for many years,
2842
02:29:16,615 --> 02:29:19,885
and I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2843
02:29:19,919 --> 02:29:22,588
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2844
02:29:22,621 --> 02:29:23,856
We'll break now,
2845
02:29:23,889 --> 02:29:25,691
unless there's
any immediate business.
2846
02:29:25,725 --> 02:29:28,261
Senator, I'd like
to once again request
2847
02:29:28,295 --> 02:29:30,963
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2848
02:29:30,997 --> 02:29:33,766
And I will remind the nominee
that we don't always
2849
02:29:33,799 --> 02:29:35,801
have that information
in advance.
2850
02:29:35,835 --> 02:29:39,272
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2851
02:29:39,306 --> 02:29:40,940
Mr. Chairman,
our next scheduled witness,
2852
02:29:40,973 --> 02:29:45,511
Dr. Lawrence, has apparently
come down with colitis.
2853
02:29:46,979 --> 02:29:49,882
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2854
02:29:51,151 --> 02:29:52,551
Mr. Borden, welcome.
2855
02:29:52,585 --> 02:29:54,054
Please take a seat.
2856
02:29:55,222 --> 02:29:57,623
Mr. Borden,
2857
02:29:57,656 --> 02:30:00,227
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2858
02:30:00,260 --> 02:30:01,894
did you reach
certain conclusions?
2859
02:30:01,927 --> 02:30:04,231
-I did.
-And did there come a time
2860
02:30:04,264 --> 02:30:05,731
when you expressed
those conclusions
2861
02:30:05,765 --> 02:30:07,767
in a letter
to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
2862
02:30:07,800 --> 02:30:09,735
of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation?
2863
02:30:09,769 --> 02:30:11,171
-That is correct.
-Prior to the writing
2864
02:30:11,204 --> 02:30:12,972
of the letter, did you discuss
the writing of the letter
2865
02:30:13,005 --> 02:30:15,308
with anybody attached to
the Atomic Energy Commission?
2866
02:30:15,342 --> 02:30:16,942
I did not.
2867
02:30:16,976 --> 02:30:18,311
Thanks, and do you have
a copy of the letter?
2868
02:30:18,345 --> 02:30:19,945
I have one in front of me.
2869
02:30:19,979 --> 02:30:22,082
Would you please be so kind
as to read it, sir?
2870
02:30:22,115 --> 02:30:23,649
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2871
02:30:23,682 --> 02:30:25,118
the purpose of this letter
is to state..."
2872
02:30:25,152 --> 02:30:27,187
Uh, I'm sorry,
I'm sorry, if I could have a...
2873
02:30:27,220 --> 02:30:29,588
What is the purpose
of the delay?
2874
02:30:29,622 --> 02:30:31,091
He's simply gonna
read the letter.
2875
02:30:31,124 --> 02:30:32,658
Mr. Chairman,
2876
02:30:32,691 --> 02:30:34,693
this is the first
I've seen of this letter,
2877
02:30:34,727 --> 02:30:35,995
and I see statements here, uh,
2878
02:30:36,028 --> 02:30:37,997
at least one,
of a kind that I don't think
2879
02:30:38,030 --> 02:30:39,999
anyone would like to see
go into the record.
2880
02:30:40,032 --> 02:30:42,802
These are accusations that have
not previously been made.
2881
02:30:42,835 --> 02:30:44,770
That are not part of
the indictment from Nichols.
2882
02:30:44,804 --> 02:30:46,939
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2883
02:30:46,972 --> 02:30:49,142
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2884
02:30:49,176 --> 02:30:51,744
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2885
02:30:51,777 --> 02:30:53,380
His conclusions
are valid testimony,
2886
02:30:53,413 --> 02:30:55,315
just like the...
the positive conclusions
2887
02:30:55,348 --> 02:30:56,682
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2888
02:30:56,715 --> 02:30:58,218
It cuts both ways.
2889
02:30:58,251 --> 02:31:00,686
How long has Counsel been
in possession of this letter?
2890
02:31:00,719 --> 02:31:02,089
I don't think
I should be subject
2891
02:31:02,122 --> 02:31:04,690
to cross-examination by you,
Mr. Garrison.
2892
02:31:04,723 --> 02:31:06,359
Mr. Garrison,
given that we on the board
2893
02:31:06,393 --> 02:31:07,893
have all read the letter,
2894
02:31:07,927 --> 02:31:10,263
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2895
02:31:10,297 --> 02:31:11,764
Let's proceed.
2896
02:31:13,766 --> 02:31:15,235
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2897
02:31:15,268 --> 02:31:18,704
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion
2898
02:31:18,737 --> 02:31:20,040
"based upon years of study
2899
02:31:20,073 --> 02:31:22,842
"of the available
classified evidence,
2900
02:31:22,875 --> 02:31:24,910
"that more probably than not,
2901
02:31:24,944 --> 02:31:29,815
"J. Robert Oppenheimer is
an agent of the Soviet Union.
2902
02:31:29,849 --> 02:31:32,185
"The following conclusions
are justified.
2903
02:31:32,219 --> 02:31:37,057
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2904
02:31:37,090 --> 02:31:38,391
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
2905
02:31:38,425 --> 02:31:40,726
"was a sufficiently
hardened Communist,
2906
02:31:40,759 --> 02:31:42,862
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2907
02:31:42,895 --> 02:31:45,232
"Two, more probably than not,
2908
02:31:45,265 --> 02:31:49,835
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2909
02:31:49,869 --> 02:31:52,705
"Three, more probably than not,
2910
02:31:52,738 --> 02:31:54,974
"he has since acted
under a Soviet directive
2911
02:31:55,007 --> 02:31:57,743
in influencing United States
military policy..."
2912
02:31:57,776 --> 02:31:59,011
I'm sorry, Robert.
2913
02:31:59,045 --> 02:32:00,380
"...atomic energy, intelligence
2914
02:32:00,413 --> 02:32:01,780
-and diplomatic policy."
-Is anyone
2915
02:32:01,814 --> 02:32:03,450
ever going to tell the truth
2916
02:32:03,483 --> 02:32:05,252
about what's happening here?
2917
02:32:05,285 --> 02:32:08,821
We will now
hear from Dr. David Hill.
2918
02:32:18,064 --> 02:32:19,399
Dr. Hill,
2919
02:32:19,432 --> 02:32:22,068
would you care
to make a statement?
2920
02:32:23,203 --> 02:32:24,770
Thank you.
2921
02:32:24,803 --> 02:32:28,475
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss.
2922
02:32:28,508 --> 02:32:30,910
A man who has
given years of service
2923
02:32:30,943 --> 02:32:33,913
in high positions of government
2924
02:32:33,946 --> 02:32:38,884
and who is known to be earnest,
hardworking and intelligent.
2925
02:32:39,885 --> 02:32:41,388
The views I have to express
are my own,
2926
02:32:41,421 --> 02:32:45,125
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate
2927
02:32:45,158 --> 02:32:48,861
why most of the scientists
in this country
2928
02:32:48,894 --> 02:32:51,897
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2929
02:32:51,931 --> 02:32:53,766
completely out of government.
2930
02:32:55,801 --> 02:32:58,305
You're... You're referring
to the hostility
2931
02:32:58,338 --> 02:32:59,805
of certain scientists
2932
02:32:59,838 --> 02:33:01,474
directed toward Mr. Strauss
2933
02:33:01,508 --> 02:33:03,742
because of his commitment
to security
2934
02:33:03,776 --> 02:33:06,779
as demonstrated
in the Oppenheimer affair?
2935
02:33:09,249 --> 02:33:10,517
No.
2936
02:33:10,550 --> 02:33:12,952
Because of the personal
vindictiveness
2937
02:33:12,985 --> 02:33:15,222
he demonstrated against
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2938
02:33:16,889 --> 02:33:19,024
Order.
2939
02:33:19,059 --> 02:33:20,093
Order!
2940
02:33:20,126 --> 02:33:25,398
It appears to most
scientists around this country
2941
02:33:25,432 --> 02:33:26,966
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being
2942
02:33:26,999 --> 02:33:29,236
pilloried and put through
an ordeal
2943
02:33:29,269 --> 02:33:32,372
because he expressed
his honest opinions.
2944
02:33:33,373 --> 02:33:35,442
Dr. Bush, I thought
I was performing a service
2945
02:33:35,475 --> 02:33:37,210
to my country
when hearing this case.
2946
02:33:37,244 --> 02:33:41,381
No board in this country
should sit in judgment of a man
2947
02:33:41,414 --> 02:33:44,050
because he expressed
strong opinions.
2948
02:33:44,084 --> 02:33:47,153
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
2949
02:33:47,187 --> 02:33:51,191
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I become stirred,
2950
02:33:51,224 --> 02:33:52,425
but I am.
2951
02:33:52,459 --> 02:33:54,427
Dr. Hill, we've already heard
2952
02:33:54,461 --> 02:33:56,895
that Mr. Strauss
did not bring the charges
2953
02:33:56,929 --> 02:33:59,999
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2954
02:34:00,032 --> 02:34:02,535
The Oppenheimer matter was
2955
02:34:02,569 --> 02:34:04,937
initiated and carried through
2956
02:34:04,970 --> 02:34:07,340
largely through the animus
of Lewis Strauss.
2957
02:34:08,941 --> 02:34:11,578
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2958
02:34:11,611 --> 02:34:13,213
on the shipment
of isotopes to Norway,
2959
02:34:13,246 --> 02:34:17,250
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2960
02:34:17,284 --> 02:34:19,885
Another controversy between them
centered around
2961
02:34:19,918 --> 02:34:22,888
their differences in judgment
on how the H-bomb
2962
02:34:22,921 --> 02:34:24,990
would contribute
to national security.
2963
02:34:25,024 --> 02:34:26,992
Strauss turned to
the personnel security system
2964
02:34:27,026 --> 02:34:31,264
in order to destroy
Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2965
02:34:31,298 --> 02:34:33,832
and Strauss was able to find
a few ambitious men
2966
02:34:33,866 --> 02:34:36,902
who also disagreed
with Oppenheimer's positions
2967
02:34:36,935 --> 02:34:39,972
and envied him his prestige
in government circles.
2968
02:34:40,005 --> 02:34:42,609
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
2969
02:34:42,642 --> 02:34:44,877
that he's loyal
to the United States.
2970
02:34:44,910 --> 02:34:46,313
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
2971
02:34:46,346 --> 02:34:48,914
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2972
02:34:48,947 --> 02:34:50,916
Do you or do you not believe
2973
02:34:50,949 --> 02:34:53,253
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
2974
02:34:56,989 --> 02:34:58,258
In a great number of cases,
2975
02:34:58,291 --> 02:35:00,260
I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer
act in a way
2976
02:35:00,293 --> 02:35:04,164
which was to me
exceedingly hard to understand.
2977
02:35:04,197 --> 02:35:06,199
I thoroughly disagreed
with him in numerous issues,
2978
02:35:06,232 --> 02:35:08,335
and his actions frankly
appeared to me
2979
02:35:08,368 --> 02:35:09,902
confused and complicated.
2980
02:35:09,935 --> 02:35:11,471
To this extent, I feel,
2981
02:35:11,504 --> 02:35:14,607
I want to see the vital
interest of this country
2982
02:35:14,641 --> 02:35:16,476
in hands which
I understand better
2983
02:35:16,509 --> 02:35:18,645
and therefore trust more.
2984
02:35:18,678 --> 02:35:21,448
-Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
2985
02:35:25,251 --> 02:35:26,353
I'm sorry.
2986
02:35:28,987 --> 02:35:31,157
You shook his fucking hand?
2987
02:35:31,191 --> 02:35:34,094
Oh, I would have
spit in his face.
2988
02:35:34,127 --> 02:35:35,662
Not sure the board
would have appreciated that.
2989
02:35:35,695 --> 02:35:37,263
Is it not
gentlemanly enough for you?
2990
02:35:37,297 --> 02:35:40,633
Well, I-I think you're all being
too goddamn gentlemanly.
2991
02:35:40,667 --> 02:35:42,635
Gray must see
what Robb is doing.
2992
02:35:42,669 --> 02:35:44,604
Why doesn't he just
shut him down?
2993
02:35:44,637 --> 02:35:47,240
And you shaking Teller's hand.
2994
02:35:47,273 --> 02:35:50,143
You need to stop
playing the martyr.
2995
02:35:51,144 --> 02:35:53,546
Under the current
AEC guidelines,
2996
02:35:53,580 --> 02:35:55,981
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2997
02:36:02,155 --> 02:36:04,524
Under my interpretation
2998
02:36:04,557 --> 02:36:06,693
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2999
02:36:06,726 --> 02:36:08,561
which did not exist
3000
02:36:08,595 --> 02:36:11,431
when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942...
3001
02:36:12,665 --> 02:36:16,069
I would not clear him today,
3002
02:36:16,102 --> 02:36:18,071
uh, if I were on the commission.
3003
02:36:18,104 --> 02:36:19,672
Good. Thank you, General.
That is all.
3004
02:36:19,706 --> 02:36:21,708
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
3005
02:36:21,741 --> 02:36:23,909
That's all.
3006
02:36:26,413 --> 02:36:28,548
Dr. Oppenheimer
had no responsibility
3007
02:36:28,581 --> 02:36:30,083
in the selection
or the clearance
3008
02:36:30,116 --> 02:36:31,418
of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
3009
02:36:31,451 --> 02:36:32,719
No. None at all.
3010
02:36:32,752 --> 02:36:34,354
And you wouldn't want
to leave this board
3011
02:36:34,387 --> 02:36:37,157
with any suggestion today
that you're here questioning
3012
02:36:37,190 --> 02:36:39,225
his basic loyalty
to the United States
3013
02:36:39,259 --> 02:36:40,660
in the operation of Los Alamos?
3014
02:36:40,693 --> 02:36:42,262
By no means.
3015
02:36:42,295 --> 02:36:44,297
I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise
3016
02:36:44,330 --> 02:36:45,964
for an instant.
3017
02:36:45,998 --> 02:36:47,100
Thank you, General.
3018
02:37:05,151 --> 02:37:07,420
Okay. We shouldn't
keep them waiting.
3019
02:37:07,454 --> 02:37:08,721
She'll be here.
3020
02:37:08,755 --> 02:37:10,190
Do you even want her here?
3021
02:37:10,223 --> 02:37:12,725
Only a fool or an adolescent
3022
02:37:12,759 --> 02:37:14,661
presumes to know
someone else's relationship,
3023
02:37:14,694 --> 02:37:16,995
and you're neither, Lloyd.
3024
02:37:18,565 --> 02:37:20,533
Kitty and I,
3025
02:37:20,567 --> 02:37:22,635
we're grown-ups.
3026
02:37:22,669 --> 02:37:25,505
We've walked
through fire together.
3027
02:37:25,538 --> 02:37:28,107
She'll do fine.
3028
02:37:28,141 --> 02:37:30,210
Would you describe
your views on Communism
3029
02:37:30,243 --> 02:37:32,278
as pro, anti, neutral?
3030
02:37:32,312 --> 02:37:34,180
Very strongly against.
3031
02:37:34,214 --> 02:37:36,349
I-I've had nothing to do
with Communism in... since...
3032
02:37:36,382 --> 02:37:39,219
since 1936, since...
3033
02:37:39,252 --> 02:37:42,121
since before I met Robert.
3034
02:37:42,722 --> 02:37:44,557
That's all.
3035
02:37:44,591 --> 02:37:46,159
The record demonstrates
3036
02:37:46,192 --> 02:37:47,794
that Oppenheimer
was not interrogated
3037
02:37:47,827 --> 02:37:51,064
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray board.
3038
02:37:51,097 --> 02:37:52,499
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor
3039
02:37:52,532 --> 02:37:54,200
who used all the tricks
3040
02:37:54,234 --> 02:37:56,035
of a rather ingenious
legal background.
3041
02:37:56,069 --> 02:37:57,504
You are charging now
3042
02:37:57,537 --> 02:38:00,507
that the Gray board
permitted a prosecution.
3043
02:38:00,540 --> 02:38:03,243
If I were on the Gray board,
3044
02:38:03,276 --> 02:38:05,245
I would have protested
against the tactics
3045
02:38:05,278 --> 02:38:08,181
of the man who served, in fact,
as the prosecuting counsel.
3046
02:38:08,214 --> 02:38:11,417
A man appointed not by the board
3047
02:38:11,451 --> 02:38:13,520
but by Lewis Strauss.
3048
02:38:15,522 --> 02:38:16,556
Who was this?
3049
02:38:17,857 --> 02:38:19,692
I'm sorry?
3050
02:38:19,726 --> 02:38:20,793
Who was this?
3051
02:38:20,827 --> 02:38:22,262
Uh, Roger Robb.
3052
02:38:22,295 --> 02:38:24,631
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
3053
02:38:28,835 --> 02:38:31,271
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
3054
02:38:32,705 --> 02:38:34,807
I'm... I'm not sure.
3055
02:38:34,841 --> 02:38:36,342
Not sure?
3056
02:38:39,312 --> 02:38:40,313
Well...
3057
02:38:42,715 --> 02:38:44,450
Well?
3058
02:38:53,393 --> 02:38:56,362
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the Party
3059
02:38:56,396 --> 02:39:00,166
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
3060
02:39:03,336 --> 02:39:04,470
Yeah.
3061
02:39:09,842 --> 02:39:11,244
Sorry.
3062
02:39:11,878 --> 02:39:13,479
Yes. Mm.
3063
02:39:15,315 --> 02:39:17,317
It's just it was all
so very long ago,
3064
02:39:17,350 --> 02:39:19,185
-Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
-Not really.
3065
02:39:19,218 --> 02:39:20,453
Long enough to have forgotten.
3066
02:39:20,486 --> 02:39:21,854
Did you return the card
or rip it up?
3067
02:39:21,888 --> 02:39:23,489
The card whose existence
I've forgotten?
3068
02:39:23,523 --> 02:39:25,325
Your Communist Party
membership card.
3069
02:39:25,358 --> 02:39:27,093
Haven't the slightest idea.
3070
02:39:29,395 --> 02:39:32,165
Can a distinction
be made between
3071
02:39:32,198 --> 02:39:33,866
Soviet Communism and Communism?
3072
02:39:33,900 --> 02:39:35,468
Well, in the days
when I was a member,
3073
02:39:35,501 --> 02:39:37,136
I thought they were
definitely two things.
3074
02:39:37,170 --> 02:39:38,438
-Oh?
-I thought that
3075
02:39:38,471 --> 02:39:40,340
the Communist Party
of the United States
3076
02:39:40,373 --> 02:39:42,775
was concerned with
our domestic problems.
3077
02:39:42,809 --> 02:39:44,277
I now no longer believe this.
3078
02:39:44,310 --> 02:39:45,345
Believe the whole thing's
linked together
3079
02:39:45,378 --> 02:39:46,646
and spread all over the world,
3080
02:39:46,679 --> 02:39:48,881
and I have believed this
since I left the Party
3081
02:39:48,915 --> 02:39:50,383
16 years ago.
3082
02:39:50,416 --> 02:39:51,718
-But...
-Seventeen years ago.
3083
02:39:51,751 --> 02:39:53,152
My mistake.
3084
02:39:53,186 --> 02:39:55,822
-But you said...
-Sorry, 18.
3085
02:39:55,855 --> 02:39:58,124
Eighteen years ago.
3086
02:39:58,925 --> 02:40:00,226
Are you familiar with the fact
3087
02:40:00,259 --> 02:40:01,427
your husband was
making contributions
3088
02:40:01,461 --> 02:40:04,530
to the Spanish Civil War
as late as 1942?
3089
02:40:04,564 --> 02:40:06,432
I knew that Robert gave money
from time to time.
3090
02:40:06,466 --> 02:40:07,700
Did you know
this money was going
3091
02:40:07,734 --> 02:40:09,168
into Communist Party channels?
3092
02:40:09,202 --> 02:40:10,637
Don't you mean "through"?
3093
02:40:10,670 --> 02:40:12,438
-Pardon?
-I think you mean
3094
02:40:12,472 --> 02:40:14,273
"through Communist Party
channels," don't you?
3095
02:40:14,307 --> 02:40:15,541
-Y-Yes!
-Yes?
3096
02:40:15,575 --> 02:40:17,477
-Yes!
-Yes.
3097
02:40:17,510 --> 02:40:21,214
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
3098
02:40:21,247 --> 02:40:22,548
your husband had not stopped
3099
02:40:22,582 --> 02:40:24,517
having anything to do
with the Communist Party?
3100
02:40:24,550 --> 02:40:26,352
You don't have
to answer that yes or no.
3101
02:40:26,386 --> 02:40:27,754
You can answer that
any way you wish.
3102
02:40:27,787 --> 02:40:29,656
I know that, thank you.
3103
02:40:29,689 --> 02:40:31,391
It's your question.
3104
02:40:31,424 --> 02:40:33,326
-It's not properly phrased.
-Do you understand
3105
02:40:33,359 --> 02:40:34,594
-what I'm getting at?
-I do.
3106
02:40:34,627 --> 02:40:35,895
Then why don't you
answer it that way?
3107
02:40:35,928 --> 02:40:37,530
'Cause I don't like your phrase.
3108
02:40:37,563 --> 02:40:39,499
"Having anything to do
with the Communist Party."
3109
02:40:39,532 --> 02:40:41,334
Because Robert never
had anything to do
3110
02:40:41,367 --> 02:40:42,669
with the Communist Party
as such.
3111
02:40:42,702 --> 02:40:45,338
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
3112
02:40:45,371 --> 02:40:47,306
I know he took
an intellectual interest
3113
02:40:47,340 --> 02:40:48,541
in Communist ideas...
3114
02:40:48,574 --> 02:40:49,676
Are there two types
of Communists?
3115
02:40:49,709 --> 02:40:51,411
Intellectual Communists
3116
02:40:51,444 --> 02:40:53,379
and your plain old
regular Commie?
3117
02:40:54,380 --> 02:40:55,948
Well, I couldn't
answer that one.
3118
02:40:55,982 --> 02:40:58,751
I couldn't either.
3119
02:41:04,891 --> 02:41:06,693
Evening.
3120
02:41:06,726 --> 02:41:08,461
Robert,
you can't win this thing.
3121
02:41:08,494 --> 02:41:10,430
It's a kangaroo court
with a predetermined outcome.
3122
02:41:10,463 --> 02:41:12,398
Why put yourself
through more of it?
3123
02:41:12,999 --> 02:41:15,435
I have my reasons.
3124
02:41:16,036 --> 02:41:17,470
All right.
3125
02:41:17,503 --> 02:41:18,638
Good night.
3126
02:41:23,342 --> 02:41:24,744
He has a point.
3127
02:41:25,678 --> 02:41:27,714
I'm not sure
you understand, Albert.
3128
02:41:27,747 --> 02:41:28,848
No?
3129
02:41:28,881 --> 02:41:32,385
I left my country
never to return.
3130
02:41:33,019 --> 02:41:34,987
You served your country well.
3131
02:41:35,021 --> 02:41:38,658
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
3132
02:41:38,691 --> 02:41:42,328
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
3133
02:41:42,361 --> 02:41:44,997
Damn it, I happen
to love this country.
3134
02:41:45,031 --> 02:41:47,633
Then tell them to go to hell.
3135
02:41:47,667 --> 02:41:48,568
Interestingly enough,
3136
02:41:48,601 --> 02:41:51,671
this is no longer
a confirmation hearing,
3137
02:41:51,704 --> 02:41:53,873
it's now a trial...
3138
02:41:53,906 --> 02:41:55,641
about a trial!
3139
02:41:56,642 --> 02:41:57,944
It's not good
he's telling everyone
3140
02:41:57,977 --> 02:41:59,278
you initiated the hearings.
3141
02:41:59,312 --> 02:42:01,681
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
3142
02:42:01,714 --> 02:42:04,383
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
3143
02:42:04,417 --> 02:42:06,753
We're not in court, sir.
3144
02:42:06,786 --> 02:42:07,987
There's no burden of proof.
3145
02:42:08,020 --> 02:42:10,389
Right. They're not convicting...
3146
02:42:10,423 --> 02:42:11,691
just denying.
3147
02:42:11,724 --> 02:42:14,627
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down?
3148
02:42:14,660 --> 02:42:16,295
What's his angle?
3149
02:42:16,329 --> 02:42:18,431
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
3150
02:42:18,464 --> 02:42:20,067
-As he sees it.
-I told you,
3151
02:42:20,100 --> 02:42:22,769
Oppenheimer poisoned
the scientists against me,
3152
02:42:22,802 --> 02:42:24,504
right from that first meeting.
3153
02:42:24,537 --> 02:42:27,774
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
3154
02:42:27,807 --> 02:42:30,543
but Einstein wouldn't
even meet my eye.
3155
02:42:31,644 --> 02:42:34,747
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
3156
02:42:34,781 --> 02:42:36,049
And at Los Alamos,
3157
02:42:36,083 --> 02:42:38,417
he preyed
on the naivete of scientists
3158
02:42:38,451 --> 02:42:40,753
who thought they'd get a say
in how we used their work,
3159
02:42:40,787 --> 02:42:43,790
but don't ever think
he was that naive himself.
3160
02:42:43,823 --> 02:42:45,092
Doctor.
3161
02:42:45,125 --> 02:42:47,094
During your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
3162
02:42:47,127 --> 02:42:50,797
were you deterred
by any moral qualms?
3163
02:42:50,830 --> 02:42:52,465
Yes, of course.
3164
02:42:52,498 --> 02:42:53,800
But you still got on
with your work, didn't you?
3165
02:42:53,833 --> 02:42:56,069
Yes, because this was
work of exploration,
3166
02:42:56,103 --> 02:42:58,337
it was not the preparation
of a weapon.
3167
02:42:58,371 --> 02:43:00,439
You mean it was more of a...
an academic excursion.
3168
02:43:00,473 --> 02:43:02,375
No, it is not an academic thing
3169
02:43:02,408 --> 02:43:03,810
whether you can build
a hydrogen bomb.
3170
02:43:03,843 --> 02:43:05,444
It's a matter of life and death.
3171
02:43:05,478 --> 02:43:06,846
By 1942, you were
actively pushing
3172
02:43:06,879 --> 02:43:08,447
the development of
the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
3173
02:43:08,481 --> 02:43:09,715
Pushing's not the right word.
3174
02:43:09,749 --> 02:43:11,684
Supporting it
and working on it, yes.
3175
02:43:11,717 --> 02:43:14,054
So when did these moral qualms
become so strong
3176
02:43:14,087 --> 02:43:15,721
that you actively opposed
3177
02:43:15,755 --> 02:43:17,423
the development
of the hydrogen bomb?
3178
02:43:17,456 --> 02:43:19,425
When it was suggested
that it be the policy
3179
02:43:19,458 --> 02:43:21,627
of the United States to make
these things at all cost
3180
02:43:21,661 --> 02:43:23,663
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
3181
02:43:23,696 --> 02:43:26,766
and atomic weapons
as part of our arsenal.
3182
02:43:28,135 --> 02:43:30,070
What do moral qualms
have to do with that?
3183
02:43:30,103 --> 02:43:32,139
Wha... What do moral qualms
3184
02:43:32,172 --> 02:43:33,706
-have to do with it?
-Yes.
3185
02:43:33,739 --> 02:43:35,808
Oppenheimer wanted
to own the atomic bomb.
3186
02:43:35,842 --> 02:43:37,743
He wanted to be the man
who moved the Earth.
3187
02:43:37,777 --> 02:43:40,947
He talks about
putting the nuclear genie
3188
02:43:40,980 --> 02:43:42,448
back in the bottle.
3189
02:43:42,481 --> 02:43:43,616
Well, I'm here to tell you
3190
02:43:43,649 --> 02:43:45,852
that I know
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
3191
02:43:45,885 --> 02:43:49,989
and if he could do it all over,
he'd do it all the same.
3192
02:43:50,022 --> 02:43:53,060
You know he's never once said
that he regrets Hiroshima?
3193
02:43:53,093 --> 02:43:55,962
He'd do it all over. Why?
3194
02:43:55,995 --> 02:43:57,430
Because it made him
3195
02:43:57,463 --> 02:43:59,099
the most important man
who ever lived.
3196
02:43:59,132 --> 02:44:01,467
Well, we've...
3197
02:44:01,500 --> 02:44:03,603
we've freely used
the atomic bomb...
3198
02:44:03,636 --> 02:44:05,738
In fact, Doctor,
you assisted in selecting
3199
02:44:05,771 --> 02:44:07,174
the target to drop
the atomic bomb on Japan,
3200
02:44:07,207 --> 02:44:08,875
-didn't you?
-Yes.
3201
02:44:08,908 --> 02:44:10,543
Well, then you knew,
did you not, that by dropping
3202
02:44:10,576 --> 02:44:12,745
that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
3203
02:44:12,778 --> 02:44:14,181
that thousands of civilians
would be killed
3204
02:44:14,214 --> 02:44:15,948
or injured, is that correct?
3205
02:44:15,982 --> 02:44:17,884
Yes, not as many
as turned out...
3206
02:44:17,917 --> 02:44:20,120
Oh. Well, how many
were killed or injured?
3207
02:44:20,153 --> 02:44:22,021
-70,000.
-70,000
3208
02:44:22,055 --> 02:44:23,123
at both Hiroshima and...
3209
02:44:23,156 --> 02:44:24,590
110,000 at both.
3210
02:44:24,624 --> 02:44:26,025
On the day of each bombing?
3211
02:44:27,994 --> 02:44:29,162
Yes.
3212
02:44:29,196 --> 02:44:30,763
And in the weeks
and years that followed?
3213
02:44:30,796 --> 02:44:33,499
It has been put at somewhere
between 50 and 100,000.
3214
02:44:33,532 --> 02:44:35,635
-220,000 dead at least?
-Yes.
3215
02:44:35,668 --> 02:44:37,570
Any moral scruples about that?
3216
02:44:38,938 --> 02:44:40,040
Terrible ones.
3217
02:44:40,073 --> 02:44:41,641
But yet you testified in here
3218
02:44:41,674 --> 02:44:44,044
that the bombing of Hiroshima
was very successful.
3219
02:44:44,077 --> 02:44:45,645
-Technically successful.
-Oh!
3220
02:44:45,678 --> 02:44:47,446
Technically, it was
very successful.
3221
02:44:47,480 --> 02:44:48,948
And it is also alleged
to have helped end the war.
3222
02:44:48,981 --> 02:44:50,950
Would you have been
in support of the dropping
3223
02:44:50,983 --> 02:44:52,919
of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
3224
02:44:52,952 --> 02:44:54,487
That would make no sense at all.
3225
02:44:54,520 --> 02:44:56,956
-Why?
-The-the target is too small.
3226
02:44:56,989 --> 02:44:59,492
Well, supposing there had been
a target in Japan
3227
02:44:59,525 --> 02:45:00,993
big enough for
a thermonuclear weapon,
3228
02:45:01,027 --> 02:45:02,795
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
3229
02:45:02,828 --> 02:45:04,664
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted...
3230
02:45:04,697 --> 02:45:06,133
Well, I'm confronting you
with it now, sir.
3231
02:45:06,166 --> 02:45:07,934
It was all part of his plan.
3232
02:45:07,967 --> 02:45:09,535
He wanted the glorious,
3233
02:45:09,568 --> 02:45:11,737
insincere guilt
of the self-important
3234
02:45:11,771 --> 02:45:13,240
to wear like a fuckin' crown.
3235
02:45:13,273 --> 02:45:16,709
Say, "No, we cannot
go down this road,"
3236
02:45:16,742 --> 02:45:19,545
even as he knew we'd have to.
3237
02:45:19,578 --> 02:45:21,114
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping
3238
02:45:21,148 --> 02:45:22,815
of a thermonuclear weapon
on Japan
3239
02:45:22,848 --> 02:45:25,085
-because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
3240
02:45:25,118 --> 02:45:26,819
Well, did you oppose
the dropping
3241
02:45:26,852 --> 02:45:28,854
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
because of moral scruples?
3242
02:45:28,888 --> 02:45:30,523
We set forth our arguments...
3243
02:45:30,556 --> 02:45:31,958
No, you, you, you.
I'm asking you.
3244
02:45:31,991 --> 02:45:33,626
-I set... I set forth...
-Not we. You, you, you!
3245
02:45:33,659 --> 02:45:35,262
...our arguments
against dropping it,
3246
02:45:35,295 --> 02:45:36,829
but I did not endorse them.
3247
02:45:36,862 --> 02:45:38,564
You mean after
working night and day
3248
02:45:38,597 --> 02:45:39,966
for three years
building the bomb,
3249
02:45:39,999 --> 02:45:41,834
you then argued against
the use of it?
3250
02:45:41,867 --> 02:45:44,570
I was asked
by the Secretary of War
3251
02:45:44,603 --> 02:45:45,972
what the views
of scientists were.
3252
02:45:46,005 --> 02:45:48,741
I gave him the views against
and the views for.
3253
02:45:48,774 --> 02:45:50,776
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb on Japan.
3254
02:45:50,810 --> 02:45:52,279
-What do you mean "support"?
-Didn't you?
3255
02:45:52,312 --> 02:45:53,779
-You supported it!
-What do you mean "support"?
3256
02:45:53,813 --> 02:45:55,148
Well, you helped
pick the target, didn't you?
3257
02:45:55,182 --> 02:45:56,816
I did my job.
3258
02:45:56,849 --> 02:45:58,584
I was not in a policy-making
position at Los Alamos.
3259
02:45:58,617 --> 02:46:00,253
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
3260
02:46:00,287 --> 02:46:02,555
Well, then you would have
built the H-bomb too,
3261
02:46:02,588 --> 02:46:03,723
-wouldn't you?
-I couldn't.
3262
02:46:03,756 --> 02:46:05,658
I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
3263
02:46:05,691 --> 02:46:08,027
And the GAC report
which you co-authored
3264
02:46:08,061 --> 02:46:09,929
after the Soviet
atomic test said
3265
02:46:09,962 --> 02:46:12,631
a Super bomb
should never be built!
3266
02:46:12,665 --> 02:46:14,000
What we meant,
what I meant was...
3267
02:46:14,033 --> 02:46:16,103
-What you, who? Who?
-What I meant...
3268
02:46:17,870 --> 02:46:19,306
And wouldn't the Russians
do anything
3269
02:46:19,339 --> 02:46:21,607
to increase their strength?
3270
02:46:21,640 --> 02:46:23,609
If we did it,
they would have to do it.
3271
02:46:23,642 --> 02:46:25,678
Our efforts would only
fuel their efforts,
3272
02:46:25,711 --> 02:46:27,813
just as it had
with the atomic bomb.
3273
02:46:27,847 --> 02:46:31,251
"Just as it had with
the atomic bomb," exactly!
3274
02:46:31,284 --> 02:46:36,022
No moral scruples in 1945,
plenty in 1949.
3275
02:46:40,160 --> 02:46:41,994
Dr. Oppenheimer...
3276
02:46:43,662 --> 02:46:46,266
...when did your strong
moral convictions develop
3277
02:46:46,299 --> 02:46:49,102
with respect
to the hydrogen bomb?
3278
02:46:56,143 --> 02:46:59,046
When it became clear to me
3279
02:46:59,079 --> 02:47:02,715
that we would tend to use
any weapon we had.
3280
02:47:05,152 --> 02:47:07,653
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
the martyr.
3281
02:47:07,686 --> 02:47:10,290
I gave him exactly
what he wanted.
3282
02:47:10,323 --> 02:47:12,591
To be remembered for Trinity,
3283
02:47:12,625 --> 02:47:15,228
not Hiroshima,
3284
02:47:15,262 --> 02:47:17,696
not Nagasaki.
3285
02:47:20,233 --> 02:47:22,935
He should be thanking me.
3286
02:47:22,968 --> 02:47:25,905
Well, he's not.
3287
02:47:27,740 --> 02:47:29,342
Do we still have enough votes,
3288
02:47:29,376 --> 02:47:31,044
or is the crowning moment
of my career
3289
02:47:31,078 --> 02:47:35,215
about to become the most public
humiliation of my life?
3290
02:47:35,248 --> 02:47:37,817
Full Senate's about to vote.
3291
02:47:37,850 --> 02:47:39,018
You'll scrape through.
3292
02:47:39,052 --> 02:47:40,686
Great, then gather
the fucking press.
3293
02:47:40,719 --> 02:47:42,688
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
3294
02:47:42,721 --> 02:47:45,691
This board, having heard
testimony from you
3295
02:47:45,724 --> 02:47:48,861
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
3296
02:47:48,894 --> 02:47:50,896
has come to
the unanimous conclusion
3297
02:47:50,930 --> 02:47:54,033
that you are a loyal citizen.
3298
02:47:55,335 --> 02:47:56,969
However,
3299
02:47:57,002 --> 02:48:00,639
in the light of
your continuing associations
3300
02:48:00,673 --> 02:48:01,941
and disregard
3301
02:48:01,974 --> 02:48:04,111
for the security apparatus
of this country,
3302
02:48:04,144 --> 02:48:07,680
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
3303
02:48:07,713 --> 02:48:10,250
on the hydrogen bomb program
3304
02:48:10,283 --> 02:48:11,817
and the regrettable
lack of candor
3305
02:48:11,851 --> 02:48:14,221
in certain of your responses
to this board,
3306
02:48:14,254 --> 02:48:17,124
we have voted two to one
3307
02:48:17,157 --> 02:48:20,260
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
3308
02:48:20,293 --> 02:48:23,396
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
3309
02:48:23,430 --> 02:48:26,932
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
3310
02:48:26,966 --> 02:48:28,634
That is all.
3311
02:48:32,405 --> 02:48:33,739
-Gordon...
-Roger.
3312
02:48:38,777 --> 02:48:40,679
Robert.
3313
02:48:41,314 --> 02:48:42,848
Robert.
3314
02:48:45,318 --> 02:48:46,819
Don't...
3315
02:48:49,189 --> 02:48:52,392
Don't take in the sheets.
3316
02:48:53,792 --> 02:48:55,195
Get a picture with him.
3317
02:48:55,228 --> 02:48:56,463
Sir, sir.
3318
02:48:56,496 --> 02:48:58,964
Two minutes. Two minutes.
3319
02:48:58,998 --> 02:49:00,200
-You'll get your shot.
-Please, sir.
3320
02:49:00,233 --> 02:49:01,800
We've been waiting for so long.
3321
02:49:01,834 --> 02:49:02,835
-Evening, sir.
-Come out.
3322
02:49:02,868 --> 02:49:03,903
Sir, sir!
3323
02:49:03,936 --> 02:49:05,272
Is it official?
3324
02:49:07,374 --> 02:49:08,774
Well, there were,
3325
02:49:08,807 --> 02:49:11,944
uh, a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
3326
02:49:16,383 --> 02:49:19,052
I'm denied. Yeah?
3327
02:49:19,085 --> 02:49:21,054
-I'm afraid so, sir.
-All right.
3328
02:49:28,761 --> 02:49:29,828
Who were the holdouts?
3329
02:49:29,862 --> 02:49:32,798
Um, there were three,
3330
02:49:32,831 --> 02:49:35,768
led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
3331
02:49:35,801 --> 02:49:37,204
Young guy trying
to make a name for himself,
3332
02:49:37,237 --> 02:49:39,805
didn't like what you did
to Oppenheimer.
3333
02:49:39,838 --> 02:49:40,973
What's his name?
3334
02:49:41,006 --> 02:49:43,210
Uh, Kennedy.
3335
02:49:43,243 --> 02:49:45,045
John F. Kennedy.
3336
02:49:48,515 --> 02:49:49,915
Kitty?
3337
02:49:55,988 --> 02:49:59,392
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
3338
02:49:59,426 --> 02:50:01,994
that the world
would forgive you?
3339
02:50:05,532 --> 02:50:06,966
It won't.
3340
02:50:09,336 --> 02:50:10,736
We'll see.
3341
02:50:20,513 --> 02:50:22,515
Goddamn it.
3342
02:50:24,050 --> 02:50:26,986
You told me I'd be okay.
3343
02:50:27,019 --> 02:50:29,389
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
3344
02:50:29,422 --> 02:50:30,990
Here's a fact.
3345
02:50:31,023 --> 02:50:32,858
President Eisenhower pinned
the Medal of Freedom
3346
02:50:32,891 --> 02:50:34,327
on my chest last year
3347
02:50:34,361 --> 02:50:36,862
'cause I've always done
what's right for this country.
3348
02:50:36,895 --> 02:50:39,399
They don't want me
in the Cabinet room?
3349
02:50:39,432 --> 02:50:41,867
Well, that's... that's fine.
3350
02:50:41,900 --> 02:50:44,237
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
3351
02:50:44,271 --> 02:50:45,305
Maybe they will.
3352
02:50:46,306 --> 02:50:47,540
I told you,
3353
02:50:47,574 --> 02:50:50,210
he turned the scientists
against me one by one,
3354
02:50:50,243 --> 02:50:52,412
starting with Einstein.
I told you about, uh, Einstein.
3355
02:50:52,445 --> 02:50:53,879
I saw him by the pond.
3356
02:50:53,912 --> 02:50:55,415
You did, but you know, sir,
3357
02:50:55,448 --> 02:50:57,450
since nobody really knows
3358
02:50:57,484 --> 02:50:59,119
what they said
to each other that day,
3359
02:50:59,152 --> 02:51:03,189
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
3360
02:51:03,223 --> 02:51:06,359
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh,
3361
02:51:06,393 --> 02:51:07,826
more important?
3362
02:51:07,860 --> 02:51:09,296
Mr. Strauss!
3363
02:51:12,632 --> 02:51:15,034
Over here! Mr. Strauss!
3364
02:51:18,171 --> 02:51:21,441
Oh.
3365
02:51:22,609 --> 02:51:23,909
Thank you.
3366
02:51:23,942 --> 02:51:26,446
Albert.
3367
02:51:26,479 --> 02:51:28,448
Ah.
3368
02:51:28,481 --> 02:51:30,983
The man of the moment.
3369
02:51:34,087 --> 02:51:37,457
You once held
a-a reception for me.
3370
02:51:37,490 --> 02:51:39,292
In Berkeley.
You gave me an award.
3371
02:51:39,326 --> 02:51:41,194
-Hmm?
-Yes.
3372
02:51:42,095 --> 02:51:44,497
You all thought that
I had lost the ability
3373
02:51:44,531 --> 02:51:47,467
to understand what I'd started.
3374
02:51:47,500 --> 02:51:50,936
So the award
really wasn't for me,
3375
02:51:50,969 --> 02:51:53,373
it was for all of you, hmm?
3376
02:51:55,241 --> 02:51:57,243
Now it's your turn
3377
02:51:57,277 --> 02:52:01,980
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
3378
02:52:02,915 --> 02:52:04,217
And one day,
3379
02:52:04,250 --> 02:52:06,885
when they've
punished you enough...
3380
02:52:08,288 --> 02:52:12,192
...they'll serve you
salmon and potato salad.
3381
02:52:15,928 --> 02:52:17,963
Make speeches...
3382
02:52:18,997 --> 02:52:20,500
...give you a medal.
3383
02:52:22,202 --> 02:52:24,371
Hello, Frank.
3384
02:52:24,404 --> 02:52:25,638
You're happy, I'm happy.
3385
02:52:32,612 --> 02:52:35,948
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
3386
02:52:37,484 --> 02:52:39,885
Just remember...
3387
02:52:40,520 --> 02:52:42,389
...it won't be for you.
3388
02:52:46,659 --> 02:52:48,294
It'll be for them.
3389
02:53:02,442 --> 02:53:03,976
Albert.
3390
02:53:05,211 --> 02:53:08,681
When I came to you
with those calculations,
3391
02:53:08,715 --> 02:53:10,949
we thought we might
start a chain reaction
3392
02:53:10,983 --> 02:53:14,454
that would destroy
the entire world.
3393
02:53:14,487 --> 02:53:17,956
Mm, I remember it well.
3394
02:53:17,990 --> 02:53:20,059
What of it?
3395
02:53:22,695 --> 02:53:24,431
I believe we did.
246826