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1
00:01:18,479 --> 00:01:20,514
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2
00:01:21,515 --> 00:01:22,717
Dr. Oppenheimer.
3
00:01:24,052 --> 00:01:25,653
As we begin, I believe you have
4
00:01:25,686 --> 00:01:27,688
a statement to read
into the record.
5
00:01:29,523 --> 00:01:30,725
Yes, Your Honor.
6
00:01:30,758 --> 00:01:32,861
We're
not judges, Doctor.
7
00:01:32,895 --> 00:01:33,929
No.
8
00:01:35,030 --> 00:01:36,430
Of course.
9
00:01:41,636 --> 00:01:44,572
Members of the security board,
10
00:01:44,605 --> 00:01:46,909
the so-called
derogatory information
11
00:01:46,942 --> 00:01:49,845
in your indictment of me
cannot be fairly understood,
12
00:01:49,878 --> 00:01:53,714
except in the context
of my life and my work.
13
00:01:54,682 --> 00:01:56,919
How
long did he testify?
14
00:01:56,952 --> 00:01:58,686
Honestly, I forget.
15
00:02:00,088 --> 00:02:02,057
The whole hearing took a month.
16
00:02:02,090 --> 00:02:03,524
An ordeal, hmm?
17
00:02:03,557 --> 00:02:05,227
Well, I've only read
the transcripts.
18
00:02:07,795 --> 00:02:09,530
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
19
00:02:09,563 --> 00:02:10,798
You weren't there?
20
00:02:10,832 --> 00:02:13,135
As chairman, I
wasn't allowed to be.
21
00:02:13,168 --> 00:02:15,736
Are they really going
to ask about it?
22
00:02:15,770 --> 00:02:17,873
- It was years ago.
- Four years ago...
23
00:02:17,906 --> 00:02:18,941
Five.
24
00:02:19,808 --> 00:02:21,542
Oppenheimer still
divides America.
25
00:02:21,575 --> 00:02:23,946
The committee is gonna want
to know where you stood.
26
00:02:23,979 --> 00:02:26,081
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
27
00:02:26,114 --> 00:02:27,950
not to feel that
you're on trial.
28
00:02:27,983 --> 00:02:31,519
Oh, funny, I didn't
till you just said that.
29
00:02:31,552 --> 00:02:33,155
- Really, Mr. Strauss...
- It's Admiral.
30
00:02:33,188 --> 00:02:36,124
Um, Admiral Strauss.
This is a formality.
31
00:02:36,158 --> 00:02:38,659
President Eisenhower has asked
you to be in his cabinet.
32
00:02:38,693 --> 00:02:40,561
Senate really has no
choice but to confirm you.
33
00:02:40,594 --> 00:02:42,831
And if they bring
up Oppenheimer?
34
00:02:42,864 --> 00:02:45,233
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly.
35
00:02:45,267 --> 00:02:47,668
No senator can deny
you did your duty.
36
00:02:47,702 --> 00:02:49,838
It'll be uncomfortable.
37
00:02:49,871 --> 00:02:52,007
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
38
00:02:56,945 --> 00:02:59,647
Why did you
leave the United States?
39
00:03:01,749 --> 00:03:05,153
I, uh... I wanted to
study the new physics.
40
00:03:05,187 --> 00:03:06,721
Was there nowhere here?
41
00:03:06,754 --> 00:03:08,756
I thought Berkeley
had the leading
42
00:03:08,789 --> 00:03:10,624
theoretical physics department.
43
00:03:10,658 --> 00:03:13,228
Yes. Once I built it.
44
00:03:13,261 --> 00:03:14,863
But first I had to go to Europe.
45
00:03:14,896 --> 00:03:18,266
I went to Cambridge to study
under Patrick Blackett.
46
00:03:18,300 --> 00:03:20,902
Were you happier
there than in America?
47
00:03:20,936 --> 00:03:23,071
- Happier?
- Yes.
48
00:03:27,042 --> 00:03:30,045
No. No, I, uh...
49
00:03:33,048 --> 00:03:34,883
I was homesick, um...
50
00:03:35,750 --> 00:03:37,718
emotionally immature...
51
00:03:38,887 --> 00:03:44,026
troubled by visions
of a hidden universe.
52
00:03:55,070 --> 00:03:56,905
Useless in the lab.
53
00:04:01,943 --> 00:04:04,046
Christ, Oppenheimer.
54
00:04:04,079 --> 00:04:06,148
Have you had any sleep?
55
00:04:07,949 --> 00:04:09,184
Start again.
56
00:04:09,217 --> 00:04:11,719
I need to go to
the lecture, sir.
57
00:04:11,752 --> 00:04:13,155
Why?
58
00:04:13,188 --> 00:04:15,090
It's Niels Bohr.
59
00:04:17,893 --> 00:04:19,593
Damn,
completely forgot.
60
00:04:19,627 --> 00:04:21,830
All right. Let's go.
61
00:04:24,166 --> 00:04:26,077
Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer.
62
00:04:26,101 --> 00:04:27,211
You finish coating those plates.
63
00:04:27,235 --> 00:04:29,071
You see them?
64
00:04:34,642 --> 00:04:36,610
Don't
forget to clean up!
65
00:05:07,775 --> 00:05:11,712
Quantum physics
is not a step forward,
66
00:05:11,745 --> 00:05:15,250
it is a new way to
understand reality.
67
00:05:15,283 --> 00:05:18,854
Einstein's opened the door,
now we are peering through,
68
00:05:18,887 --> 00:05:21,789
seeing a world inside our world.
69
00:05:21,823 --> 00:05:27,229
A world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
70
00:06:09,337 --> 00:06:10,771
Yeah, definitely.
71
00:06:10,805 --> 00:06:12,174
Are you all right?
72
00:06:13,408 --> 00:06:15,243
Niels, meet J.
Robert Oppenheimer.
73
00:06:15,277 --> 00:06:16,777
What's the
"J" stand for?
74
00:06:16,811 --> 00:06:18,779
Nothing, apparently.
75
00:06:18,813 --> 00:06:19,915
You were at my lecture.
76
00:06:19,948 --> 00:06:21,349
You asked the only
good question.
77
00:06:21,383 --> 00:06:23,118
No one's
denying his insight.
78
00:06:23,151 --> 00:06:25,229
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
79
00:06:25,253 --> 00:06:27,093
I heard you
give the same lecture...
80
00:06:27,122 --> 00:06:30,325
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
81
00:06:30,358 --> 00:06:31,459
Why ask again?
82
00:06:31,493 --> 00:06:33,094
Hadn't liked your answer.
83
00:06:34,462 --> 00:06:36,198
Did you like it
better yesterday?
84
00:06:36,231 --> 00:06:37,499
A lot.
85
00:06:37,532 --> 00:06:39,434
You can lift the stone
without being ready
86
00:06:39,467 --> 00:06:41,836
for the snake that's revealed.
87
00:06:41,870 --> 00:06:44,005
Now it seems you're ready.
88
00:06:44,039 --> 00:06:46,341
But you don't enjoy the lab?
89
00:06:46,374 --> 00:06:49,244
So get out of Cambridge with
its beakers and potions.
90
00:06:49,277 --> 00:06:52,247
Go somewhere they let you think.
91
00:06:53,248 --> 00:06:54,883
Where?
92
00:06:55,517 --> 00:06:56,518
Göttingen.
93
00:06:56,551 --> 00:06:58,486
- Born?
- Born.
94
00:06:58,520 --> 00:07:00,488
Get to Germany,
study under Max Born.
95
00:07:00,522 --> 00:07:03,158
Learn the ways of theory.
96
00:07:03,191 --> 00:07:04,226
I'll send word.
97
00:07:05,860 --> 00:07:07,963
Wormhole.
98
00:07:07,996 --> 00:07:09,364
How's your mathematics?
99
00:07:09,397 --> 00:07:11,366
Not good enough for the
physicist he wants to be.
100
00:07:11,399 --> 00:07:13,969
Algebra's like sheet music.
101
00:07:14,002 --> 00:07:16,471
The important thing isn't
"Can you read music?"
102
00:07:16,504 --> 00:07:17,505
It's "Can you hear it?"
103
00:07:17,539 --> 00:07:20,842
Can you hear the music, Robert?
104
00:07:21,810 --> 00:07:23,378
Yes, I can.
105
00:08:59,107 --> 00:09:00,608
The senator from Wyoming.
106
00:09:01,576 --> 00:09:04,045
Admiral Strauss, I'm
interested in your relationship
107
00:09:04,079 --> 00:09:06,948
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
108
00:09:06,981 --> 00:09:08,583
You met him in 1947?
109
00:09:08,616 --> 00:09:09,584
Correct.
110
00:09:09,617 --> 00:09:11,386
You were commissioner
111
00:09:11,419 --> 00:09:12,987
of the Atomic Energy Commission?
112
00:09:13,021 --> 00:09:16,958
I was, but I-I actually
met Robert in my capacity
113
00:09:16,991 --> 00:09:19,661
as board member of the
Institute for Advanced Study
114
00:09:19,694 --> 00:09:21,496
at Princeton because
115
00:09:21,529 --> 00:09:24,165
after the war, he
was world-renowned
116
00:09:24,199 --> 00:09:26,601
as the great man of physics,
and I was determined
117
00:09:26,634 --> 00:09:29,337
to get him to run the Institute.
118
00:09:38,513 --> 00:09:41,583
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
119
00:09:41,616 --> 00:09:42,951
Mr. Strauss.
120
00:09:42,984 --> 00:09:44,285
It's pronounced "straws."
121
00:09:45,186 --> 00:09:46,654
Oh-ppenheimer,
Oppenheimer.
122
00:09:46,688 --> 00:09:48,556
Whatever way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
123
00:09:50,091 --> 00:09:52,694
I'm president of Temple
Emanu-El in Manhattan.
124
00:09:52,727 --> 00:09:54,996
"Straws" is just the
Southern pronunciation.
125
00:09:55,029 --> 00:09:56,064
- Ah.
- Anyway,
126
00:09:56,097 --> 00:09:57,532
welcome to the Institute.
127
00:09:57,565 --> 00:09:59,200
I think you could
be very happy here.
128
00:09:59,234 --> 00:10:01,169
Yes, well, you'll
love the commute.
129
00:10:01,202 --> 00:10:02,537
The position comes
with that house
130
00:10:02,570 --> 00:10:04,038
for you and your wife
131
00:10:04,072 --> 00:10:06,241
and your, is it two children?
132
00:10:06,274 --> 00:10:07,075
Yes, two.
133
00:10:07,108 --> 00:10:10,044
I'm a great admirer
of your work.
134
00:10:10,078 --> 00:10:12,280
And you're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
135
00:10:12,313 --> 00:10:14,382
I'm sorry, uh,
common room 4:00 tea.
136
00:10:14,416 --> 00:10:17,185
No, I'm not trained in
physics or anything else.
137
00:10:17,218 --> 00:10:19,053
- I'm a self-made man.
- Ah.
138
00:10:19,087 --> 00:10:21,089
- I can relate to that.
- Really?
139
00:10:21,122 --> 00:10:23,458
Yes, my father was one.
140
00:10:23,491 --> 00:10:27,061
And this would be your office.
141
00:10:36,237 --> 00:10:38,173
I'm told he's there
most afternoons.
142
00:10:38,206 --> 00:10:40,308
You know, I've always wondered
143
00:10:40,341 --> 00:10:43,945
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
144
00:10:44,712 --> 00:10:48,216
Greatest scientific
mind of our time.
145
00:10:48,249 --> 00:10:50,118
Of his time.
146
00:10:50,151 --> 00:10:52,187
Einstein published his
Theory of Relativity
147
00:10:52,220 --> 00:10:55,156
more than 40 years ago now.
148
00:10:56,224 --> 00:10:58,660
But never embraced the
quantum world it revealed.
149
00:10:58,693 --> 00:11:00,228
"God doesn't play dice."
150
00:11:00,261 --> 00:11:02,230
Precisely.
151
00:11:02,263 --> 00:11:05,066
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
152
00:11:05,099 --> 00:11:07,469
Well, I had offers, but
I chose to sell shoes.
153
00:11:07,502 --> 00:11:11,005
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
154
00:11:11,773 --> 00:11:13,675
No, just a shoe salesman.
155
00:11:13,708 --> 00:11:15,977
Huh.
156
00:11:17,245 --> 00:11:20,014
- I'd love to introduce you.
- No need.
157
00:11:21,115 --> 00:11:22,584
I have known him for years.
158
00:11:43,806 --> 00:11:45,507
Albert.
159
00:11:50,111 --> 00:11:54,315
What was that? What
did you say to him?
160
00:11:56,451 --> 00:11:57,485
Oh, he's fine.
161
00:11:59,354 --> 00:12:02,657
Mr. Strauss, there
are things in my past
162
00:12:02,690 --> 00:12:04,192
you ought to be aware of.
163
00:12:04,225 --> 00:12:06,127
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
164
00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:07,629
I have access to
your security file.
165
00:12:07,662 --> 00:12:08,663
I've read it.
166
00:12:08,696 --> 00:12:10,265
- You're not worried?
- No.
167
00:12:10,298 --> 00:12:11,675
Why would I be worried
after everything
168
00:12:11,699 --> 00:12:13,167
you've done for your country?
169
00:12:13,201 --> 00:12:14,669
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
170
00:12:14,702 --> 00:12:16,538
Well, the purpose
of this institute
171
00:12:16,571 --> 00:12:19,240
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
172
00:12:20,174 --> 00:12:23,177
That's you. You are
the man for the job.
173
00:12:23,211 --> 00:12:25,814
Well, then I'll consider it.
174
00:12:25,848 --> 00:12:28,116
I'll see you at the
AEC meeting tomorrow.
175
00:12:32,520 --> 00:12:34,088
This is one of the
most prestigious
176
00:12:34,122 --> 00:12:35,858
appointments in the country.
177
00:12:35,891 --> 00:12:38,092
Yes, with a great commute.
178
00:12:38,126 --> 00:12:40,428
That's why I'm considering it.
179
00:12:40,461 --> 00:12:42,230
So,
Dr. Oppenheimer brought
180
00:12:42,263 --> 00:12:44,666
your attention to
his past associations
181
00:12:44,699 --> 00:12:45,834
before you appointed him?
182
00:12:45,868 --> 00:12:47,302
Yes.
183
00:12:47,335 --> 00:12:49,170
And it didn't concern you?
184
00:12:49,203 --> 00:12:50,738
Just then, I was
entirely consumed
185
00:12:50,772 --> 00:12:54,542
with what he must have said
to Einstein to sour him on me.
186
00:12:58,146 --> 00:12:59,347
But later?
187
00:12:59,380 --> 00:13:01,316
Well, we all know
what happened later.
188
00:13:01,349 --> 00:13:03,718
Doctor, your, uh...
your time in Europe,
189
00:13:03,751 --> 00:13:05,320
you seemed to meet
with a wide range
190
00:13:05,353 --> 00:13:06,788
of other countries' physicists.
191
00:13:06,822 --> 00:13:07,823
Yes, that's right.
192
00:13:07,856 --> 00:13:10,124
Any Russians?
193
00:13:11,192 --> 00:13:12,627
None that spring to mind.
194
00:13:12,660 --> 00:13:15,563
If you'll just allow me to
continue with my statement...
195
00:13:15,597 --> 00:13:18,566
Mr. Robb, you'll have ample
opportunity to cross-examine.
196
00:13:20,803 --> 00:13:23,738
After Göttingen, I
moved on to Leiden in Holland
197
00:13:23,771 --> 00:13:26,809
where I first met Isidor Rabi.
198
00:13:26,842 --> 00:13:29,344
Excuse me.
199
00:13:33,281 --> 00:13:35,617
A Yank, lecturing
on the new physics?
200
00:13:35,650 --> 00:13:36,718
This I have to hear.
201
00:13:36,751 --> 00:13:38,786
I'm an American myself.
202
00:13:38,821 --> 00:13:40,321
How surprising.
203
00:13:40,355 --> 00:13:41,422
Um...
204
00:13:41,456 --> 00:13:43,725
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
205
00:13:57,705 --> 00:13:59,674
Wait, what's he saying?
206
00:14:10,218 --> 00:14:11,252
No, thank you.
207
00:14:11,285 --> 00:14:13,254
It's a long way to Zurich.
208
00:14:13,287 --> 00:14:14,927
You get any skinnier,
we're gonna lose you
209
00:14:14,957 --> 00:14:16,791
between the seat cushions.
210
00:14:16,825 --> 00:14:17,860
I'm Rabi.
211
00:14:17,893 --> 00:14:19,260
Oppenheimer.
212
00:14:19,293 --> 00:14:21,329
I caught your
lecture on molecules.
213
00:14:21,362 --> 00:14:22,497
Caught some of it.
214
00:14:23,631 --> 00:14:25,800
We're a couple of New York
Jews. How do you know Dutch?
215
00:14:25,834 --> 00:14:27,402
Well, I thought
I'd better learn it
216
00:14:27,435 --> 00:14:28,612
when I got here this semester.
217
00:14:28,636 --> 00:14:30,238
You learned enough
Dutch in six weeks
218
00:14:30,271 --> 00:14:31,974
to give a lecture on
quantum mechanics?
219
00:14:32,007 --> 00:14:33,508
Wanted to challenge myself.
220
00:14:33,541 --> 00:14:35,911
Quantum physics wasn't
challenging enough.
221
00:14:35,944 --> 00:14:37,679
- Schvitzer.
- Schvitzer?
222
00:14:37,712 --> 00:14:39,614
Show-off.
223
00:14:39,647 --> 00:14:41,492
Dutch in six weeks, but
you never learned Yiddish?
224
00:14:41,516 --> 00:14:43,584
They don't speak it so
much my side of the park.
225
00:14:43,618 --> 00:14:44,686
Screw you.
226
00:14:45,787 --> 00:14:47,288
You homesick?
227
00:14:47,321 --> 00:14:48,723
Oh, you know it.
228
00:14:49,691 --> 00:14:52,694
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
229
00:14:52,727 --> 00:14:53,795
Physicists?
230
00:14:53,829 --> 00:14:55,329
'S funny.
231
00:14:55,363 --> 00:14:57,432
Not in the department.
232
00:14:57,465 --> 00:14:58,766
They're all Jewish too.
233
00:15:00,869 --> 00:15:02,270
Eat.
234
00:15:04,572 --> 00:15:06,708
There's a German you
have to seek out.
235
00:15:07,742 --> 00:15:10,278
- Heisenberg.
- Right.
236
00:15:19,454 --> 00:15:20,956
One might be led
to the presumption
237
00:15:20,989 --> 00:15:23,458
that behind the quantum world,
238
00:15:23,491 --> 00:15:27,361
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
239
00:15:27,395 --> 00:15:29,597
but such speculation seem to us,
240
00:15:29,630 --> 00:15:32,366
to say it explicitly,
fruitless. Thank you.
241
00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:33,836
Have a great day.
242
00:15:39,041 --> 00:15:40,742
- Wonderful.
- Thank you.
243
00:15:40,775 --> 00:15:42,010
Dr. Oppenheimer.
244
00:15:42,044 --> 00:15:43,979
Oppenheimer, yes.
245
00:15:44,012 --> 00:15:45,881
I liked your paper on molecules.
246
00:15:45,914 --> 00:15:47,415
Probably because
you inspired it.
247
00:15:47,448 --> 00:15:48,960
If I inspire anything
else, let me know.
248
00:15:48,984 --> 00:15:50,024
We could publish together.
249
00:15:50,052 --> 00:15:51,887
I have to get back to America.
250
00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:53,654
Why? There's no one there
251
00:15:53,688 --> 00:15:55,891
taking quantum
mechanics seriously.
252
00:15:55,924 --> 00:15:57,525
That's exactly why.
253
00:15:57,558 --> 00:15:59,995
He's pining for the
canyons of Manhattan.
254
00:16:00,028 --> 00:16:02,463
Canyons of New Mexico.
255
00:16:02,497 --> 00:16:03,640
- You're from New Mexico?
- No.
256
00:16:03,664 --> 00:16:05,767
New York, but my brother
and I have a ranch
257
00:16:05,800 --> 00:16:07,903
outside Santa Fe.
258
00:16:07,936 --> 00:16:10,304
That's the America
I miss right now.
259
00:16:10,338 --> 00:16:12,406
Then it's best you
get home, cowboys.
260
00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:14,052
That's him.
261
00:16:14,076 --> 00:16:17,512
No, me and horses.
I don't think so.
262
00:16:17,545 --> 00:16:19,680
Nice to meet you.
263
00:16:21,415 --> 00:16:23,551
Did you ever encounter
Heisenberg again?
264
00:16:23,584 --> 00:16:26,487
Not in person, no, but, uh...
265
00:16:27,722 --> 00:16:29,825
you might say our paths crossed.
266
00:16:31,392 --> 00:16:33,594
On returning to America,
I accepted positions
267
00:16:33,628 --> 00:16:36,364
at both Caltech
and up at Berkeley.
268
00:16:40,068 --> 00:16:41,702
I got it,
it's all right.
269
00:17:00,421 --> 00:17:02,456
Dr. Lawrence,
I presume?
270
00:17:03,859 --> 00:17:05,093
You must be Oppenheimer.
271
00:17:05,127 --> 00:17:06,661
Yes.
272
00:17:06,694 --> 00:17:09,031
I hear you want to start a
school of quantum theory.
273
00:17:09,064 --> 00:17:10,731
I am starting it. Next door.
274
00:17:10,765 --> 00:17:12,600
- They put you in there?
- I asked for it.
275
00:17:12,633 --> 00:17:14,702
Wanted to be close to
you experimentalists.
276
00:17:14,735 --> 00:17:17,105
Theory will get you
only so far, huh?
277
00:17:17,139 --> 00:17:19,107
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
278
00:17:19,141 --> 00:17:21,844
- Magnificent.
- Would you like to help?
279
00:17:21,877 --> 00:17:23,711
Build it? Oh, no.
280
00:17:23,744 --> 00:17:24,847
No, no.
281
00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:27,448
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
282
00:17:27,481 --> 00:17:28,492
When do you start teaching?
283
00:17:28,516 --> 00:17:30,384
I've got my first in an hour.
284
00:17:30,418 --> 00:17:32,420
- Seminar?
- Pupil.
285
00:17:32,453 --> 00:17:35,690
One student? That's it?
286
00:17:35,723 --> 00:17:38,459
I'm teaching something no
one here has dreamt of.
287
00:17:38,492 --> 00:17:40,504
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
288
00:17:40,528 --> 00:17:41,997
There's no going back.
289
00:17:44,166 --> 00:17:46,467
- Oh. I must have missed the...
- Ah. Lo...
290
00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:48,502
- Mr. Lomanitz?
- Na.
291
00:17:49,704 --> 00:17:50,605
Yeah.
292
00:17:50,638 --> 00:17:52,740
Yes, this is it. Please.
293
00:17:52,773 --> 00:17:53,842
Take a seat.
294
00:17:58,713 --> 00:18:00,514
What do you know about
quantum mechanics?
295
00:18:00,548 --> 00:18:02,918
I have a grasp on the basics.
296
00:18:02,951 --> 00:18:04,518
Then you're doing it wrong.
297
00:18:05,753 --> 00:18:08,023
Is light made up of
particles or waves?
298
00:18:08,056 --> 00:18:09,200
Quantum mechanics
says it's both.
299
00:18:09,224 --> 00:18:10,826
How could it be both?
300
00:18:10,859 --> 00:18:12,760
- It can't.
- It can't.
301
00:18:12,793 --> 00:18:17,665
But it is. It's paradoxical,
and yet, it works.
302
00:18:24,806 --> 00:18:25,807
Now.
303
00:18:27,675 --> 00:18:29,644
Thank you.
304
00:18:29,677 --> 00:18:32,680
Mr. Lomanitz. You're
gonna be okay.
305
00:18:32,713 --> 00:18:34,082
Mr. Snyder.
306
00:18:34,116 --> 00:18:35,650
Now let's consider a star.
307
00:18:35,683 --> 00:18:39,221
A star. A vast furnace
burning in outer space,
308
00:18:39,254 --> 00:18:42,657
fire pushing outwards
against its own gravity.
309
00:18:42,690 --> 00:18:44,126
Balanced.
310
00:18:44,159 --> 00:18:46,460
But if that furnace cools...
311
00:18:47,829 --> 00:18:49,831
and gravity starts
winning, it contracts.
312
00:18:50,832 --> 00:18:51,799
Density increases.
313
00:18:51,833 --> 00:18:53,035
Correct.
314
00:18:53,068 --> 00:18:54,236
Increasing gravity.
315
00:18:54,269 --> 00:18:55,770
Increasing density.
316
00:18:55,804 --> 00:18:57,940
- And?
- It's a vicious cycle until...
317
00:18:57,973 --> 00:18:59,607
what's the limit here?
318
00:19:00,775 --> 00:19:03,011
I don't know.
See where the math takes us.
319
00:19:03,045 --> 00:19:04,822
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before.
320
00:19:04,846 --> 00:19:06,747
Me?
321
00:19:06,781 --> 00:19:08,951
Yes, you. Your math
is better than mine.
322
00:19:10,685 --> 00:19:12,787
Dr. Oppenheimer's file
323
00:19:12,821 --> 00:19:15,223
contained detail of his
activities in Berkeley.
324
00:19:15,257 --> 00:19:16,724
Why would they
have started a file
325
00:19:16,757 --> 00:19:19,694
on Dr. Oppenheimer
before the war?
326
00:19:19,727 --> 00:19:22,197
Well, you'd have
to ask Mr. Hoover.
327
00:19:22,230 --> 00:19:24,099
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
328
00:19:24,132 --> 00:19:27,069
Uh, my assumption is that
329
00:19:27,102 --> 00:19:30,238
it was connected to his, uh,
330
00:19:30,272 --> 00:19:32,808
left-wing political activities.
331
00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:35,585
You shouldn't
let them bring up politics
332
00:19:35,609 --> 00:19:36,945
in the classroom, Oppie.
333
00:19:36,979 --> 00:19:38,713
I wrote that.
334
00:19:38,746 --> 00:19:42,017
Lawrence, you embrace the
revolution in physics.
335
00:19:42,050 --> 00:19:43,852
Can't you see it
everywhere else?
336
00:19:43,885 --> 00:19:45,988
Picasso, Stravinsky,
Freud, Marx.
337
00:19:46,021 --> 00:19:47,621
Well, this
is America, Oppie.
338
00:19:47,655 --> 00:19:49,024
We had our revolution.
339
00:19:50,158 --> 00:19:52,660
Seriously, keep
it out of the lab.
340
00:19:52,693 --> 00:19:55,796
Well, out of the
lab, my landlady
341
00:19:55,831 --> 00:19:58,632
is having a discussion
group tonight. Interested?
342
00:19:58,666 --> 00:20:00,735
I have sampled the
Berkeley political scene.
343
00:20:00,768 --> 00:20:02,804
It's all just
philosophy post-grads
344
00:20:02,838 --> 00:20:05,140
and Communists
talking integration.
345
00:20:05,173 --> 00:20:06,842
You don't care
about integration.
346
00:20:06,875 --> 00:20:08,743
I want to vote for
it, not talk about it.
347
00:20:08,776 --> 00:20:10,778
'Specially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
348
00:20:10,812 --> 00:20:13,148
I'm meeting
my brother there.
349
00:20:13,181 --> 00:20:15,059
And how
would these activities
350
00:20:15,083 --> 00:20:16,218
have come to the attention
351
00:20:16,251 --> 00:20:17,252
of the FBI?
352
00:20:17,285 --> 00:20:19,254
Well, if I remember correctly,
353
00:20:19,287 --> 00:20:21,223
the FBI was taking
license plates
354
00:20:21,256 --> 00:20:23,591
outside suspected
Communist gatherings,
355
00:20:23,624 --> 00:20:25,626
and his name popped up.
356
00:20:33,201 --> 00:20:34,735
- Gotcha!
- Jesus Christ.
357
00:20:34,769 --> 00:20:37,072
- Sorry. Hi, brother.
- Frank.
358
00:20:38,073 --> 00:20:39,808
Uh, you remember Jackie.
359
00:20:39,841 --> 00:20:41,309
Evening.
360
00:20:41,343 --> 00:20:43,311
Let's go. Come.
361
00:20:43,345 --> 00:20:45,914
Right over there,
right over there.
362
00:20:46,848 --> 00:20:49,851
Robert. I want you
to meet Chevalier.
363
00:20:49,885 --> 00:20:53,587
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
364
00:20:53,621 --> 00:20:54,789
- Pleasure.
- Pleasure.
365
00:20:54,823 --> 00:20:56,124
This is my little
brother, Frank.
366
00:20:56,158 --> 00:20:57,359
- And this is...
- Hello.
367
00:20:57,392 --> 00:20:59,327
- Still Jackie.
- Hello, Still Jackie.
368
00:20:59,361 --> 00:21:01,329
Chevalier, you're in languages?
369
00:21:01,363 --> 00:21:03,098
And your reputation
precedes you.
370
00:21:03,131 --> 00:21:04,866
- What have you heard?
- Excuse me.
371
00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:06,676
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
372
00:21:06,700 --> 00:21:07,945
I have no chance
of understanding,
373
00:21:07,969 --> 00:21:09,347
but I hadn't heard
you're a Party member.
374
00:21:09,371 --> 00:21:11,672
- Uh, I'm not.
- Oh, not yet.
375
00:21:11,705 --> 00:21:13,683
Frank and I are thinking of
joining. Just the other day,
376
00:21:13,707 --> 00:21:15,353
- I was saying...
- I support a range of causes.
377
00:21:15,377 --> 00:21:17,012
The
Spanish Civil War?
378
00:21:17,045 --> 00:21:18,779
A democratic republic
being overthrown
379
00:21:18,814 --> 00:21:20,115
by fascist thugs, who wouldn't?
380
00:21:20,148 --> 00:21:21,817
Our government.
381
00:21:21,850 --> 00:21:23,327
They think that socialism is
a bigger threat than fascism.
382
00:21:23,351 --> 00:21:24,853
Not for long.
383
00:21:24,886 --> 00:21:26,687
Look at what the Nazis
are doing to the Jews.
384
00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:29,291
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
385
00:21:29,324 --> 00:21:31,359
I have to do something.
386
00:21:31,393 --> 00:21:34,762
My own work
is so abstract.
387
00:21:34,795 --> 00:21:36,364
What are you working on?
388
00:21:36,398 --> 00:21:38,333
What happens to the
stars when they die.
389
00:21:38,366 --> 00:21:39,800
Do stars die?
390
00:21:41,002 --> 00:21:42,304
Well, if they do,
391
00:21:42,337 --> 00:21:44,239
they'd cool, then collapse.
392
00:21:44,272 --> 00:21:46,908
In fact, the bigger the star,
393
00:21:46,942 --> 00:21:49,643
the more violent its demise.
394
00:21:49,677 --> 00:21:51,213
The gravity gets so concentrated
395
00:21:51,246 --> 00:21:54,216
it swallows everything.
396
00:21:54,249 --> 00:21:55,217
Everything, even light.
397
00:21:55,250 --> 00:21:56,418
Can that really happen?
398
00:21:56,451 --> 00:21:58,253
The math says it can.
399
00:21:58,286 --> 00:21:59,720
If we can get published,
400
00:21:59,753 --> 00:22:01,332
then perhaps one day,
an astronomer finds one.
401
00:22:01,356 --> 00:22:03,091
But right now, all
I have is theory,
402
00:22:03,125 --> 00:22:04,993
which can't impact
people's lives.
403
00:22:05,026 --> 00:22:07,295
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
404
00:22:07,329 --> 00:22:08,897
do it through the
Communist Party.
405
00:22:08,930 --> 00:22:10,274
They can get it to
the front lines.
406
00:22:10,298 --> 00:22:12,700
Mary sent me with these.
407
00:22:13,401 --> 00:22:16,204
- I'm Jean.
- Robert.
408
00:22:16,238 --> 00:22:17,738
Haakon Chevalier.
409
00:22:17,771 --> 00:22:19,317
The union meeting at
Serber's last month?
410
00:22:19,341 --> 00:22:20,741
Right, right, yes.
411
00:22:20,774 --> 00:22:22,144
Oh, thank you.
412
00:22:22,177 --> 00:22:24,412
Robert here
says he's not a Communist.
413
00:22:24,446 --> 00:22:26,747
Well, then he doesn't
know enough about it.
414
00:22:26,780 --> 00:22:29,151
Oh, I've read
Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
415
00:22:29,184 --> 00:22:30,819
Does that count?
416
00:22:30,852 --> 00:22:32,830
It would make you better
read than most party members.
417
00:22:32,854 --> 00:22:35,157
Turgid stuff. There's
some thinking, um,
418
00:22:35,190 --> 00:22:36,358
"Ownership is theft."
419
00:22:36,391 --> 00:22:38,293
- "Property."
- "Property"?
420
00:22:38,326 --> 00:22:40,128
"Property," not "ownership."
421
00:22:40,162 --> 00:22:42,197
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
422
00:22:42,230 --> 00:22:44,900
Well.
423
00:22:45,766 --> 00:22:47,135
It's not about the book.
424
00:22:47,169 --> 00:22:50,172
It's about the ideas. And
you sound uncommitted.
425
00:22:50,205 --> 00:22:51,840
Well, I'm committed
to thinking freely
426
00:22:51,873 --> 00:22:54,309
about how to improve our world.
427
00:22:54,342 --> 00:22:56,444
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
428
00:22:56,478 --> 00:22:59,447
You're a physicist, you
pick and choose rules?
429
00:22:59,481 --> 00:23:01,049
Or do you use the discipline
430
00:23:01,082 --> 00:23:03,218
to channel your
energies into progress?
431
00:23:03,251 --> 00:23:05,654
I like a little wiggle room.
432
00:23:06,754 --> 00:23:08,957
Do you always tow
the party line?
433
00:23:10,325 --> 00:23:12,093
I like my wiggle room too.
434
00:23:22,237 --> 00:23:24,772
What?
435
00:23:24,806 --> 00:23:25,974
Wait, wait, wait.
436
00:23:29,878 --> 00:23:31,479
Unexpected.
437
00:23:31,513 --> 00:23:33,415
- What?
- For a physicist.
438
00:23:33,448 --> 00:23:36,218
You only have a
shelf full of Freud?
439
00:23:36,251 --> 00:23:39,120
Well, actually, my
background's more...
440
00:23:39,154 --> 00:23:40,989
Uh, Jungian?
441
00:23:42,123 --> 00:23:43,225
You know analysis?
442
00:23:43,258 --> 00:23:45,793
When I was in
post-grad at Cambridge,
443
00:23:45,827 --> 00:23:47,128
I had a little trouble.
444
00:23:48,129 --> 00:23:50,865
- I'll bite.
- I tried to poison my tutor.
445
00:23:50,899 --> 00:23:51,900
Did you hate him?
446
00:23:51,933 --> 00:23:53,401
I liked him very much.
447
00:23:53,435 --> 00:23:55,337
You just needed to get laid.
448
00:23:55,370 --> 00:23:56,938
Took my analyst two years,
449
00:23:56,972 --> 00:23:58,916
and I don't think they ever
put it that succinctly.
450
00:23:58,940 --> 00:24:00,275
You have everyone convinced
451
00:24:00,308 --> 00:24:03,044
you're more complicated
than you actually are.
452
00:24:03,078 --> 00:24:05,080
We're all simple souls, I guess.
453
00:24:05,113 --> 00:24:06,281
I'm not.
454
00:24:09,150 --> 00:24:10,185
What's this?
455
00:24:10,218 --> 00:24:11,785
Sanskrit.
456
00:24:11,820 --> 00:24:13,121
You can read this?
457
00:24:13,154 --> 00:24:14,956
I'm learning.
458
00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:20,962
Read this.
459
00:24:22,397 --> 00:24:24,032
Well, in this part,
460
00:24:24,065 --> 00:24:26,268
Vishnu reveals his
multi-armed self...
461
00:24:26,301 --> 00:24:27,302
No.
462
00:24:28,370 --> 00:24:30,238
Read the words.
463
00:24:33,608 --> 00:24:36,777
"And now I am become Death.
464
00:24:42,217 --> 00:24:43,952
Destroyer of worlds."
465
00:25:14,883 --> 00:25:16,217
This'll do.
466
00:25:22,357 --> 00:25:23,958
It'll break before dawn.
467
00:25:23,992 --> 00:25:27,362
Air cools overnight, just
before dawn, it breaks.
468
00:25:30,031 --> 00:25:31,966
Come.
469
00:25:38,006 --> 00:25:41,476
Ah. So, I'm getting married.
470
00:25:41,509 --> 00:25:43,111
- Frank. Congratulations!
- Thank you.
471
00:25:43,144 --> 00:25:44,946
- Thank you.
- To Jackie?
472
00:25:44,979 --> 00:25:47,349
Yeah, to Jackie.
473
00:25:47,382 --> 00:25:48,483
The waitress.
474
00:25:48,516 --> 00:25:50,485
Oppie, you're right.
It's lettin' up.
475
00:25:50,518 --> 00:25:52,954
I'm gonna go see if
there's any stars.
476
00:25:52,987 --> 00:25:55,023
All your talk about
the common man,
477
00:25:55,056 --> 00:25:56,567
but Jackie's not good
enough for you, hmm?
478
00:25:56,591 --> 00:25:57,625
Mm-mm.
479
00:25:57,659 --> 00:25:59,160
We join the Party and you can't
480
00:25:59,194 --> 00:26:00,962
- hide your disapproval. Why?
- Oh, now, I...
481
00:26:00,995 --> 00:26:02,073
Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
482
00:26:02,097 --> 00:26:03,631
I haven't joined
the Party, Frank.
483
00:26:03,665 --> 00:26:06,201
And I don't think she should
have convinced you to either.
484
00:26:06,234 --> 00:26:07,969
Half of the faculty
is Communist.
485
00:26:08,002 --> 00:26:09,070
Not that half.
486
00:26:10,405 --> 00:26:13,141
I'm your brother, Frank, and
I want you to be cautious.
487
00:26:13,174 --> 00:26:14,876
And I want to wring your neck.
488
00:26:17,278 --> 00:26:20,181
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
489
00:26:22,050 --> 00:26:25,387
You're happy, I'm happy.
490
00:26:25,420 --> 00:26:26,955
So then I'm happy you're happy
491
00:26:26,988 --> 00:26:28,323
that I'm happy.
492
00:26:32,594 --> 00:26:34,195
I feel
like I could see
493
00:26:34,229 --> 00:26:36,331
one of those dark stars
that you're working on.
494
00:26:36,364 --> 00:26:38,933
You can't. That's
the whole point.
495
00:26:39,601 --> 00:26:41,302
Their gravity swallows light.
496
00:26:42,570 --> 00:26:45,640
It's like a kind
of hole in space.
497
00:26:45,673 --> 00:26:47,008
Is Frank okay?
498
00:26:47,041 --> 00:26:49,444
Yes. He just has
a shitty brother.
499
00:26:50,578 --> 00:26:52,247
It is special here.
500
00:26:54,616 --> 00:26:57,085
When I was a kid,
501
00:26:57,118 --> 00:27:00,155
I thought if I could find a way
502
00:27:00,188 --> 00:27:04,559
to combine physics
and New Mexico,
503
00:27:04,592 --> 00:27:07,128
my life would be
perfect.
504
00:27:08,196 --> 00:27:09,464
Little remote for that.
505
00:27:09,497 --> 00:27:10,632
Yes.
506
00:27:10,665 --> 00:27:12,333
Let's get some sleep.
507
00:27:13,301 --> 00:27:14,702
That mesa
we saw today,
508
00:27:14,736 --> 00:27:17,238
one of my favorite
places in the world.
509
00:27:18,072 --> 00:27:19,541
And tomorrow we'll climb it.
510
00:27:19,574 --> 00:27:21,009
What's it called?
511
00:27:22,043 --> 00:27:24,112
Los Alamos.
512
00:27:27,215 --> 00:27:29,217
I didn't expect
to see you today.
513
00:27:30,385 --> 00:27:32,220
Do I have to make
an appointment?
514
00:27:34,155 --> 00:27:36,291
Hey! Hey,
get back here!
515
00:27:36,324 --> 00:27:37,459
Alvarez?
516
00:27:43,231 --> 00:27:46,067
Oppie! Oppie!
517
00:27:46,100 --> 00:27:48,102
What? What is it?
518
00:27:48,136 --> 00:27:49,737
They've done it.
They've done it.
519
00:27:49,771 --> 00:27:51,039
Hahn and Strassmann in Germany.
520
00:27:51,072 --> 00:27:53,241
They split the uranium nucleus.
521
00:27:54,108 --> 00:27:55,977
How?
522
00:27:56,711 --> 00:27:58,613
Bombard it with neutrons.
523
00:27:58,646 --> 00:27:59,791
It's a
nuclear fission.
524
00:27:59,815 --> 00:28:01,449
They did it, they
split the atom.
525
00:28:01,483 --> 00:28:03,051
It's not possible.
526
00:28:09,190 --> 00:28:10,992
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
527
00:28:17,632 --> 00:28:19,567
See? Can't be done.
528
00:28:20,668 --> 00:28:24,072
Very
elegant. Quite clear.
529
00:28:24,105 --> 00:28:26,741
- There's just one problem.
- Where?
530
00:28:26,774 --> 00:28:28,576
Next door.
531
00:28:28,610 --> 00:28:30,545
Alvarez did it.
532
00:28:30,578 --> 00:28:32,714
But then look...
533
00:28:32,747 --> 00:28:36,084
these fission pulses,
they're massive.
534
00:28:36,117 --> 00:28:39,387
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
535
00:28:39,420 --> 00:28:42,257
Theory will take
you only so far.
536
00:28:43,758 --> 00:28:45,760
During the process...
537
00:28:45,793 --> 00:28:47,529
extra neutrons boil off,
538
00:28:47,562 --> 00:28:50,732
which could be used to
split other uranium atoms.
539
00:28:50,765 --> 00:28:52,166
Chain reaction.
540
00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:53,836
You're thinkin'
what I'm thinkin'.
541
00:28:53,869 --> 00:28:56,638
You, me, and every other
physicist around the world
542
00:28:56,671 --> 00:28:58,172
who's seen the news.
543
00:28:58,874 --> 00:29:00,675
I'm... what? What
are we all thinking?
544
00:29:00,708 --> 00:29:04,479
A bomb, Alvarez.
545
00:29:05,647 --> 00:29:07,348
A bomb.
546
00:29:07,382 --> 00:29:10,585
I told you, Robert, no
more fucking flowers.
547
00:29:12,186 --> 00:29:13,731
I don't understand
what you want from me.
548
00:29:13,755 --> 00:29:15,523
I don't want anything from you.
549
00:29:16,524 --> 00:29:18,560
Well, you say that
and then you call.
550
00:29:18,593 --> 00:29:21,195
Well, don't answer.
551
00:29:21,229 --> 00:29:23,231
I'll always answer.
552
00:29:28,503 --> 00:29:29,437
Fine.
553
00:29:29,470 --> 00:29:32,173
Just no more flowers.
554
00:29:33,207 --> 00:29:34,576
You're not coming?
555
00:29:35,743 --> 00:29:38,546
You have to know
when you're beaten, Robert.
556
00:29:40,849 --> 00:29:42,584
It's not that simple, Hoke.
557
00:29:42,617 --> 00:29:44,786
Chevalier, good
to see you. It's...
558
00:29:44,820 --> 00:29:46,154
Ah, Barbara, good to see you
559
00:29:46,187 --> 00:29:48,656
and the illustrious
Dr. Oppenheimer.
560
00:29:48,690 --> 00:29:49,858
I'm Eltenton.
561
00:29:49,892 --> 00:29:51,268
- Oh, pleasure.
- Please, please.
562
00:29:51,292 --> 00:29:52,460
Now, might you say a word
563
00:29:52,493 --> 00:29:55,229
about organized labor
on campuses, yes?
564
00:29:55,263 --> 00:29:56,798
Coming through! Coming through!
565
00:29:56,832 --> 00:29:58,409
- F.A.E.C.T.!
- I work at Shell.
566
00:29:58,433 --> 00:30:00,444
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers,
567
00:30:00,468 --> 00:30:02,337
so why not scientists
in academia?
568
00:30:02,370 --> 00:30:05,273
Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie!
569
00:30:05,306 --> 00:30:08,576
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
570
00:30:08,610 --> 00:30:10,244
Oppie! Oppie!
571
00:30:10,278 --> 00:30:13,181
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
572
00:30:16,351 --> 00:30:20,321
Teachers are unionized.
Why not professors?
573
00:30:20,355 --> 00:30:21,789
Don't you have somewhere to be?
574
00:30:21,824 --> 00:30:23,658
Lawrence, academics
have rights too.
575
00:30:23,691 --> 00:30:26,194
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
576
00:30:26,227 --> 00:30:29,430
- Well, I'll sit in.
- Not this one.
577
00:30:35,703 --> 00:30:37,372
Richard. Dr. Bush.
578
00:30:37,405 --> 00:30:39,474
What brings you two up north?
579
00:30:48,951 --> 00:30:50,318
Richard, you tell Ruth
580
00:30:50,351 --> 00:30:51,671
I'll be down to
Pasadena Thursday.
581
00:31:00,628 --> 00:31:03,264
Your paper
on black holes is in!
582
00:31:03,297 --> 00:31:05,266
Oppie!
583
00:31:05,299 --> 00:31:08,937
Where's Hartland? Get
Hartland. Get Hartland.
584
00:31:08,971 --> 00:31:11,239
September 1st, 1939,
585
00:31:11,272 --> 00:31:13,508
the world's gonna
remember this day.
586
00:31:14,442 --> 00:31:15,920
Oh, Hartland. Our
paper, it's in print.
587
00:31:15,944 --> 00:31:18,680
You've been upstaged.
588
00:31:22,283 --> 00:31:24,820
During the Battle of
Britain, I found myself
589
00:31:24,853 --> 00:31:27,588
increasingly out of sympathy
with the
590
00:31:27,622 --> 00:31:30,625
policy of neutrality that
Communists advocated.
591
00:31:30,658 --> 00:31:34,462
Right after Hitler invaded
Russia and we became allies,
592
00:31:34,495 --> 00:31:36,531
these Communist sympathies,
did they return?
593
00:31:36,564 --> 00:31:37,598
No.
594
00:31:38,733 --> 00:31:42,336
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
595
00:31:42,370 --> 00:31:43,604
did not mean a sharp break
596
00:31:43,638 --> 00:31:45,707
from those who held
different views.
597
00:31:45,740 --> 00:31:48,309
For a year or two, and
during a previous marriage,
598
00:31:48,342 --> 00:31:51,646
my wife Kitty had been a
Communist Party member.
599
00:31:54,282 --> 00:31:55,616
Oop!
600
00:31:55,650 --> 00:31:57,452
This way. This is where
I keep the good stuff.
601
00:31:57,485 --> 00:31:59,487
Well, I thought this
was the Tolmans' house.
602
00:31:59,520 --> 00:32:01,723
I live with them
while I'm at Caltech.
603
00:32:01,756 --> 00:32:03,257
Do you two need anything?
604
00:32:03,291 --> 00:32:04,759
We're good, Ruthie.
605
00:32:05,861 --> 00:32:08,496
So, you're a biologist.
606
00:32:08,529 --> 00:32:11,733
Well, somehow I have
graduated to housewife.
607
00:32:11,766 --> 00:32:14,903
Can you explain quantum
mechanics to me?
608
00:32:14,937 --> 00:32:15,971
Seems baffling.
609
00:32:16,004 --> 00:32:17,705
Yes, it is.
610
00:32:18,807 --> 00:32:21,609
Well, this glass,
611
00:32:21,642 --> 00:32:22,543
this drink...
612
00:32:22,577 --> 00:32:25,680
this countertop,
613
00:32:25,713 --> 00:32:28,817
uh, our bodies...
614
00:32:28,851 --> 00:32:30,752
all of it.
615
00:32:30,785 --> 00:32:33,354
It's mostly empty space.
616
00:32:33,387 --> 00:32:35,891
Groupings of tiny energy
waves bound together.
617
00:32:35,924 --> 00:32:37,792
By what?
618
00:32:37,826 --> 00:32:41,395
Forces of attraction strong
enough to convince us
619
00:32:41,429 --> 00:32:43,631
that matter is solid.
620
00:32:43,664 --> 00:32:46,801
Stop my body passing
through yours.
621
00:32:58,546 --> 00:33:00,048
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
622
00:33:00,082 --> 00:33:01,817
Not very.
623
00:33:03,852 --> 00:33:07,555
There is someone that I feel...
624
00:33:07,588 --> 00:33:09,024
Does she feel the same way?
625
00:33:09,057 --> 00:33:12,895
Sometimes. Not enough.
626
00:33:14,096 --> 00:33:17,065
You know, I'm going
to New Mexico.
627
00:33:17,099 --> 00:33:18,901
To my ranch, with friends.
628
00:33:18,934 --> 00:33:20,301
You should come.
629
00:33:21,103 --> 00:33:22,938
I meant with your husband.
630
00:33:22,971 --> 00:33:24,539
Yes, you did.
631
00:33:24,572 --> 00:33:27,475
'Cause you know it won't
make a bit of difference.
632
00:33:31,445 --> 00:33:32,948
Why did you marry him?
633
00:33:32,981 --> 00:33:36,517
I was lost and he was kind.
634
00:33:38,686 --> 00:33:39,554
Lost?
635
00:33:39,587 --> 00:33:43,091
Well, my previous
husband had died, and...
636
00:33:43,125 --> 00:33:45,560
at 28, I wasn't really
ready to be a widow.
637
00:33:45,593 --> 00:33:47,595
- Who was your first husband?
- Nobody.
638
00:33:47,628 --> 00:33:50,098
But my second husband
was Joe Dallet.
639
00:33:50,132 --> 00:33:53,101
He was, um, from
money, like me, but...
640
00:33:53,135 --> 00:33:56,071
he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
641
00:33:56,104 --> 00:33:57,371
Fell hard.
642
00:33:57,405 --> 00:33:58,673
How hard?
643
00:33:58,706 --> 00:34:00,374
Hard enough to spend
the next four years
644
00:34:00,408 --> 00:34:01,742
living off beans and pancakes,
645
00:34:01,776 --> 00:34:04,545
handing out the
Daily
Worker at factory gates.
646
00:34:04,579 --> 00:34:07,082
By 36, I just told Joe I
couldn't take it anymore.
647
00:34:07,115 --> 00:34:08,984
Quit the Party and a year later,
648
00:34:09,017 --> 00:34:12,553
I wanted him back, so...
Him, not the
Daily Worker.
649
00:34:12,587 --> 00:34:14,731
And he said, "Swell, I'll
meet you on my way to Spain."
650
00:34:14,755 --> 00:34:16,457
He went to fight
for the Loyalists?
651
00:34:16,490 --> 00:34:18,593
And then he went to the
brigades and I waited.
652
00:34:18,626 --> 00:34:19,694
And...
653
00:34:20,561 --> 00:34:21,930
Joe got himself killed
654
00:34:21,964 --> 00:34:24,365
first time he popped his
head out of the trench.
655
00:34:25,700 --> 00:34:28,136
Ideology got Joe
killed. For nothing.
656
00:34:28,170 --> 00:34:30,038
Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
657
00:34:30,072 --> 00:34:31,182
My husband offered
both our futures
658
00:34:31,206 --> 00:34:32,673
to stop one fascist bullet
659
00:34:32,707 --> 00:34:34,877
from embedding
itself in a mudbank.
660
00:34:35,776 --> 00:34:37,612
That's the definition
of nothing.
661
00:34:37,645 --> 00:34:39,647
Seems a little reductive.
662
00:34:39,680 --> 00:34:41,415
Pragmatic.
663
00:34:41,449 --> 00:34:43,886
Now here I am.
664
00:34:46,121 --> 00:34:47,722
Wherever the hell this is.
665
00:34:54,762 --> 00:34:58,033
I didn't want you to
hear it from anyone else.
666
00:35:00,468 --> 00:35:03,805
Least you didn't bring
me flowers.
667
00:35:08,944 --> 00:35:12,513
We both know I'm not
what you want, Jean.
668
00:35:13,547 --> 00:35:16,184
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
669
00:35:16,218 --> 00:35:17,618
No.
670
00:35:19,187 --> 00:35:21,555
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
671
00:35:22,757 --> 00:35:24,492
You knocked her up, fast work.
672
00:35:24,525 --> 00:35:27,162
Can't keep a good man down.
673
00:35:27,195 --> 00:35:29,197
I meant her.
674
00:35:29,231 --> 00:35:31,233
She knew what she wanted.
675
00:35:31,266 --> 00:35:33,201
What about the husband?
676
00:35:33,235 --> 00:35:34,702
We talked, um,
677
00:35:34,735 --> 00:35:36,671
they're getting a divorce, so...
678
00:35:36,704 --> 00:35:40,474
we can get married before
she starts showing.
679
00:35:40,508 --> 00:35:41,977
How civilized.
680
00:35:43,946 --> 00:35:45,047
You idiot.
681
00:35:45,080 --> 00:35:46,848
This is your community.
682
00:35:46,882 --> 00:35:49,818
You think the rules don't
apply to the golden boy?
683
00:35:50,986 --> 00:35:52,620
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
684
00:35:52,653 --> 00:35:55,157
Don't alienate the only
people in the world
685
00:35:55,190 --> 00:35:56,858
that understand what you do.
686
00:35:58,592 --> 00:35:59,962
One day you might need them.
687
00:35:59,995 --> 00:36:02,730
F.A.E.C.T. MEMBERS
F.A.E.C.T.!
688
00:36:02,763 --> 00:36:03,975
The Federation
of Architects,
689
00:36:03,999 --> 00:36:07,135
Engineers, Chemists
and Technicians.
690
00:36:13,574 --> 00:36:16,111
Lomanitz, what do
you get paid a month?
691
00:36:16,144 --> 00:36:17,288
That's not the point, Lawrence.
692
00:36:17,312 --> 00:36:19,613
What do any of
you have in common
693
00:36:19,647 --> 00:36:22,250
with farm laborers
and dock workers?
694
00:36:22,284 --> 00:36:23,852
Plenty.
695
00:36:24,920 --> 00:36:27,456
Everybody out. Now!
696
00:36:31,293 --> 00:36:32,693
Not you.
697
00:36:38,632 --> 00:36:39,600
What are you doing?
698
00:36:39,633 --> 00:36:41,303
It's a trade union.
699
00:36:41,336 --> 00:36:43,271
Filled with Communists.
700
00:36:43,305 --> 00:36:45,007
So? I haven't joined the Party.
701
00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:47,142
They won't let me bring
you onto the project
702
00:36:47,175 --> 00:36:48,877
because of this shit.
703
00:36:48,910 --> 00:36:50,687
They won't even let me tell
you what the project is.
704
00:36:50,711 --> 00:36:53,148
Oh. I know
what the project is.
705
00:36:53,181 --> 00:36:54,249
Oh, really?
706
00:36:54,282 --> 00:36:55,583
We've all heard about Einstein
707
00:36:55,616 --> 00:36:56,894
and Szilard's
letter to Roosevelt
708
00:36:56,918 --> 00:36:58,719
warning him the Germans
could make a bomb,
709
00:36:58,753 --> 00:37:01,622
and I know what it means for
the Nazis to have a bomb.
710
00:37:01,655 --> 00:37:03,025
Oh, and I don't?
711
00:37:03,058 --> 00:37:05,693
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
712
00:37:06,794 --> 00:37:07,795
It's mine.
713
00:37:07,829 --> 00:37:10,966
You think that I tell
them about your politics.
714
00:37:12,067 --> 00:37:14,635
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
715
00:37:14,668 --> 00:37:16,704
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror?
716
00:37:16,737 --> 00:37:18,807
Listen to the sounds
on your phone line
717
00:37:18,840 --> 00:37:21,910
and stop being so goddamn naive.
718
00:37:23,211 --> 00:37:24,745
Why would they care what I do?
719
00:37:24,779 --> 00:37:26,747
Because you're
not just self-important,
720
00:37:26,781 --> 00:37:28,950
you're actually important.
721
00:37:30,185 --> 00:37:31,552
Okay.
722
00:37:32,187 --> 00:37:35,190
Okay. I get it.
723
00:37:35,223 --> 00:37:37,292
If you could just
be a little more...
724
00:37:37,325 --> 00:37:38,827
Pragmatic.
725
00:37:38,860 --> 00:37:39,971
I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others,
726
00:37:39,995 --> 00:37:42,097
you don't have to
worry. It's done.
727
00:37:42,130 --> 00:37:43,899
Lawrence.
728
00:37:48,736 --> 00:37:50,738
Then welcome to the war.
729
00:37:50,771 --> 00:37:53,075
I filled out my
first security questionnaire
730
00:37:53,108 --> 00:37:54,376
and was informed
731
00:37:54,409 --> 00:37:56,211
that my involvement
with left-wing groups
732
00:37:56,244 --> 00:38:00,182
would not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
733
00:38:00,215 --> 00:38:02,951
Why were
his Communist associations
734
00:38:02,984 --> 00:38:06,088
not seen as a security
risk during the war?
735
00:38:06,121 --> 00:38:07,856
Senator, I can't possibly answer
736
00:38:07,889 --> 00:38:11,226
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
737
00:38:11,259 --> 00:38:13,261
Fine. What about after?
738
00:38:13,295 --> 00:38:15,230
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer
739
00:38:15,263 --> 00:38:19,034
was the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
740
00:38:19,067 --> 00:38:21,103
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute,
741
00:38:21,136 --> 00:38:24,239
that's why he advised the
Atomic Energy Commission.
742
00:38:24,272 --> 00:38:25,340
Simple as that.
743
00:38:25,373 --> 00:38:27,976
What are they accusing me of?
744
00:38:28,009 --> 00:38:29,777
I think they just want
to know what happened
745
00:38:29,811 --> 00:38:32,314
between 1947 and 1954
to change your mind
746
00:38:32,347 --> 00:38:34,382
on Oppenheimer's
security clearance.
747
00:38:34,416 --> 00:38:37,152
I didn't. I was
chair of the AEC,
748
00:38:37,185 --> 00:38:40,754
but it wasn't me that brought
the charges against Robert.
749
00:38:40,788 --> 00:38:42,033
- Who did?
- Some former staff member
750
00:38:42,057 --> 00:38:43,992
of the Joint
Congressional Committee.
751
00:38:44,025 --> 00:38:47,095
He was a rabid
anti-Communist named Borden.
752
00:38:47,129 --> 00:38:49,431
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
753
00:38:49,464 --> 00:38:52,000
The FBI? Why not go
to the AEC, direct?
754
00:38:52,033 --> 00:38:54,735
Why get caught holding
the knife yourself?
755
00:38:54,768 --> 00:38:57,205
What did Borden have
against Oppenheimer?
756
00:38:57,239 --> 00:38:59,074
This was the McCarthy Era.
757
00:38:59,107 --> 00:39:04,012
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red. And then,
758
00:39:04,045 --> 00:39:05,713
reading Oppenheimer's
security file,
759
00:39:05,746 --> 00:39:07,916
his Communist brother,
sister-in-law,
760
00:39:07,949 --> 00:39:10,018
fiancée, best friend, wife.
761
00:39:10,051 --> 00:39:12,387
That's before we even get
to the Chevalier incident.
762
00:39:12,420 --> 00:39:16,158
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
763
00:39:16,191 --> 00:39:17,859
Because somebody gave it to him.
764
00:39:19,027 --> 00:39:21,695
Somebody who wanted
Robert silenced.
765
00:39:21,729 --> 00:39:23,331
- Who?
- Who knows?
766
00:39:23,365 --> 00:39:25,901
Robert didn't take
care not to upset
767
00:39:25,934 --> 00:39:28,170
the power brokers in Washington.
768
00:39:28,203 --> 00:39:31,072
His opinions on the
atom became definitive
769
00:39:31,106 --> 00:39:34,009
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
770
00:39:37,412 --> 00:39:39,848
I came in for plenty
of harsh treatment.
771
00:39:39,881 --> 00:39:43,051
There was an AEC vote
772
00:39:43,084 --> 00:39:45,053
on the export of
isotopes to Norway,
773
00:39:45,086 --> 00:39:48,056
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
774
00:39:48,089 --> 00:39:49,790
But,
Dr. Oppenheimer,
775
00:39:49,824 --> 00:39:51,927
we've already heard from
Admiral Strauss that
776
00:39:51,960 --> 00:39:54,795
these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
777
00:39:54,829 --> 00:39:56,140
in the production
of atomic weapons.
778
00:39:56,164 --> 00:39:58,033
Congressmen,
you could use a shovel
779
00:39:58,066 --> 00:39:59,510
in making atomic weapons.
780
00:39:59,534 --> 00:40:00,734
In fact, you do.
781
00:40:00,768 --> 00:40:02,304
You could use a bottle of beer
782
00:40:02,337 --> 00:40:03,737
in making atomic weapons.
783
00:40:03,771 --> 00:40:05,240
In fact, you do.
784
00:40:05,273 --> 00:40:08,210
I say isotopes are less useful
than electronic components
785
00:40:08,243 --> 00:40:11,012
but more useful than a sandwich.
786
00:40:14,249 --> 00:40:16,117
Genius is no
guarantee of wisdom.
787
00:40:17,118 --> 00:40:19,888
How could this man who
saw so much be so blind?
788
00:40:29,397 --> 00:40:30,832
Kitty?
789
00:40:35,537 --> 00:40:37,472
Kitty?
790
00:40:37,505 --> 00:40:40,909
Kitty, the project...
791
00:40:41,876 --> 00:40:44,479
I'm in. I'm in.
792
00:40:44,512 --> 00:40:46,281
Let's celebrate.
793
00:40:51,920 --> 00:40:53,521
Shouldn't you go to him?
794
00:40:58,126 --> 00:41:01,296
I have been going to
him all fucking day.
795
00:41:25,053 --> 00:41:26,787
Come here, darling.
796
00:41:27,889 --> 00:41:29,457
I don't know how to say this.
797
00:41:29,491 --> 00:41:32,193
I'm... I'm ashamed to ask.
798
00:41:32,227 --> 00:41:34,162
Anything.
799
00:41:34,195 --> 00:41:34,996
Take Peter.
800
00:41:35,030 --> 00:41:38,066
- Sure.
- No, for-for a while, Hoke.
801
00:41:38,099 --> 00:41:40,068
A while.
802
00:41:41,636 --> 00:41:43,438
Does Kitty know you're here?
803
00:41:43,471 --> 00:41:45,206
Yes, of course she knows.
804
00:41:46,074 --> 00:41:48,076
Of course she knows.
805
00:41:48,109 --> 00:41:51,813
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
806
00:41:53,315 --> 00:41:54,316
Forget I asked.
807
00:41:54,349 --> 00:41:56,184
Selfish, awful people,
808
00:41:56,217 --> 00:41:58,620
they don't know they're
selfish and awful.
809
00:41:58,653 --> 00:42:01,222
Sit, sit, sit.
810
00:42:02,257 --> 00:42:06,361
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
811
00:42:08,063 --> 00:42:10,632
There is a price to
be paid for that.
812
00:42:10,665 --> 00:42:12,233
Of course we'll help you.
813
00:42:23,178 --> 00:42:25,347
Everything's
changing, Robert.
814
00:42:25,380 --> 00:42:27,349
Having a child was
always going to change...
815
00:42:27,382 --> 00:42:31,486
No, the world, it's pivoting
in some new direction.
816
00:42:31,519 --> 00:42:33,922
It's reforming.
817
00:42:35,690 --> 00:42:37,392
This is your moment.
818
00:42:38,560 --> 00:42:40,237
We're putting together a
group to study feasibility...
819
00:42:40,261 --> 00:42:43,064
"We" shouldn't be doing
anything. You should.
820
00:42:43,965 --> 00:42:46,101
Lawrence won't get this done.
821
00:42:46,134 --> 00:42:48,269
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
822
00:42:57,112 --> 00:42:59,247
Who are the uniforms?
823
00:43:00,048 --> 00:43:01,950
I thought you might know.
824
00:43:02,984 --> 00:43:05,253
Dr. Oppenheimer.
825
00:43:05,286 --> 00:43:07,255
I'm Colonel Groves.
826
00:43:07,288 --> 00:43:09,524
This is Lieutenant
Colonel Nichols.
827
00:43:09,557 --> 00:43:11,059
Have that dry-cleaned.
828
00:43:16,965 --> 00:43:19,033
Well, if that's how you
treat Lieutenant Colonel,
829
00:43:19,067 --> 00:43:22,437
I'd hate to see how you
treat a humble physicist.
830
00:43:22,470 --> 00:43:24,539
Ah, if I ever meet
one, I'll let you know.
831
00:43:24,572 --> 00:43:26,074
Ouch.
832
00:43:26,107 --> 00:43:27,675
Theaters of combat
all over the world,
833
00:43:27,709 --> 00:43:29,644
but I have to stay
in Washington.
834
00:43:29,677 --> 00:43:32,380
- Why?
- I built the Pentagon.
835
00:43:32,414 --> 00:43:35,049
The brass likes it so much
they made me take over
836
00:43:35,083 --> 00:43:37,218
the Manhattan Engineer District.
837
00:43:37,252 --> 00:43:38,386
Which is?
838
00:43:38,420 --> 00:43:41,689
Oh, don't be a smart ass. You
know damn well what it is.
839
00:43:41,723 --> 00:43:43,425
You and half of every
physics department
840
00:43:43,458 --> 00:43:46,294
across the country.
That's problem number one.
841
00:43:46,327 --> 00:43:48,062
I thought problem
number one would be
842
00:43:48,096 --> 00:43:49,364
securing enough uranium ore.
843
00:43:49,397 --> 00:43:52,500
1,200 tons bought the
day I took charge.
844
00:43:52,534 --> 00:43:53,701
Processing?
845
00:43:53,735 --> 00:43:55,937
Just broke ground at
Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
846
00:43:56,738 --> 00:43:58,440
Now I'm looking for
a project director.
847
00:43:58,473 --> 00:44:00,575
And my name came up?
848
00:44:00,608 --> 00:44:01,676
Nope.
849
00:44:02,812 --> 00:44:05,046
Even though you brought
quantum physics to America.
850
00:44:05,079 --> 00:44:06,448
Which made me curious.
851
00:44:06,481 --> 00:44:08,349
What have you found out?
852
00:44:09,250 --> 00:44:11,753
You're a dilettante,
a womanizer,
853
00:44:11,786 --> 00:44:13,121
a suspected Communist...
854
00:44:13,154 --> 00:44:14,556
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
855
00:44:14,589 --> 00:44:16,191
I said "suspected."
856
00:44:16,224 --> 00:44:20,462
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic...
857
00:44:20,495 --> 00:44:21,529
Nothing good, no?
858
00:44:21,563 --> 00:44:23,231
Not even "he's
brilliant, but..."
859
00:44:23,264 --> 00:44:25,066
Well, brilliance is
taken for granted
860
00:44:25,099 --> 00:44:26,601
in your circle, so no.
861
00:44:26,634 --> 00:44:28,603
No, the only person who
had anything good to say
862
00:44:28,636 --> 00:44:30,371
was Richard Tolman.
863
00:44:30,405 --> 00:44:32,507
Tolman thinks you
have integrity,
864
00:44:32,540 --> 00:44:34,676
but he also strikes me as a guy
865
00:44:34,709 --> 00:44:37,078
who knows more about
science than people.
866
00:44:37,111 --> 00:44:41,082
Yet here you are. You
don't take much on trust.
867
00:44:41,115 --> 00:44:43,117
I don't take anything on trust.
868
00:44:46,688 --> 00:44:48,423
Why don't you have
a Nobel Prize?
869
00:44:48,456 --> 00:44:49,524
Why aren't you a general?
870
00:44:49,557 --> 00:44:50,734
They're making me one for this.
871
00:44:50,758 --> 00:44:52,126
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
872
00:44:52,160 --> 00:44:53,761
A Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
873
00:44:53,795 --> 00:44:56,130
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
874
00:44:58,566 --> 00:45:00,201
So how would you proceed?
875
00:45:01,703 --> 00:45:04,405
You're talking
about turning theory
876
00:45:04,439 --> 00:45:06,608
into a practical weapons system
877
00:45:06,641 --> 00:45:07,775
faster than the Nazis.
878
00:45:07,810 --> 00:45:09,544
Who have a 12-month head start.
879
00:45:09,577 --> 00:45:10,712
Eighteen.
880
00:45:10,745 --> 00:45:12,113
How could you
possibly know that?
881
00:45:12,146 --> 00:45:14,182
Our fast neutron
research took six months.
882
00:45:14,215 --> 00:45:15,726
The man they've
undoubtedly put in charge
883
00:45:15,750 --> 00:45:17,151
will have made that
leap instantly.
884
00:45:17,185 --> 00:45:18,395
Who do you think
they put in charge?
885
00:45:18,419 --> 00:45:19,521
Werner Heisenberg.
886
00:45:19,554 --> 00:45:22,123
He has the most
intuitive understanding
887
00:45:22,156 --> 00:45:23,826
of atomic structure
I have ever seen.
888
00:45:23,859 --> 00:45:25,560
- You know his work?
- I know him.
889
00:45:25,593 --> 00:45:27,438
Just like I know Walther
Bothe, von Weizsäcker, Diebner.
890
00:45:27,462 --> 00:45:30,265
In a straight race,
the Germans win.
891
00:45:30,298 --> 00:45:33,034
- We've got one hope.
- Which is?
892
00:45:33,635 --> 00:45:35,270
Anti-Semitism.
893
00:45:36,404 --> 00:45:37,405
What?
894
00:45:37,438 --> 00:45:40,275
Hitler called quantum
physics "Jewish science."
895
00:45:40,308 --> 00:45:42,143
Said it right to
Einstein's face.
896
00:45:42,176 --> 00:45:45,413
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so... so blinded by hate
897
00:45:45,446 --> 00:45:47,248
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
898
00:45:47,282 --> 00:45:49,217
because it'll take
vast resources.
899
00:45:49,250 --> 00:45:50,795
Our nation's best
scientists working together.
900
00:45:50,819 --> 00:45:52,220
Right now, they're scattered.
901
00:45:52,253 --> 00:45:53,856
Which gives us
compartmentalization.
902
00:45:53,889 --> 00:45:55,757
All minds have to
see the whole task
903
00:45:55,790 --> 00:45:57,158
to contribute efficiently.
904
00:45:57,191 --> 00:45:59,427
Poor security may
cost us the race.
905
00:45:59,460 --> 00:46:01,296
Inefficiency will.
906
00:46:01,329 --> 00:46:03,164
The Germans know
more than us anyway.
907
00:46:03,197 --> 00:46:05,300
The Russians don't.
908
00:46:05,333 --> 00:46:09,270
Remind me, who are
we at war with?
909
00:46:09,304 --> 00:46:11,739
Somebody with your past
doesn't want to be seen
910
00:46:11,773 --> 00:46:13,374
downplaying the importance
911
00:46:13,408 --> 00:46:16,144
of security from our
Communist allies.
912
00:46:16,177 --> 00:46:18,847
Point taken. But, no.
913
00:46:18,881 --> 00:46:21,182
You don't
get to say "no" to me.
914
00:46:21,215 --> 00:46:23,484
It's my job to say "no"
to you when you're wrong.
915
00:46:23,518 --> 00:46:25,520
So you have the job now?
916
00:46:25,553 --> 00:46:27,622
Uh, I'm considering it.
917
00:46:30,325 --> 00:46:32,660
I'm starting to see where
you got your reputation.
918
00:46:33,862 --> 00:46:36,297
My favorite response,
919
00:46:36,331 --> 00:46:38,666
"Oppenheimer couldn't
run a hamburger stand."
920
00:46:40,635 --> 00:46:41,635
I couldn't.
921
00:46:43,471 --> 00:46:45,640
But I can run the
Manhattan Project.
922
00:46:46,507 --> 00:46:48,676
There's a way to
balance these things.
923
00:46:48,710 --> 00:46:52,915
Keep the Rad Lab here at
Berkeley under Lawrence.
924
00:46:52,948 --> 00:46:55,216
Met Lab in Chicago,
under Szilard.
925
00:46:55,249 --> 00:46:57,685
Large-scale refining, where
did you say? Tennessee.
926
00:46:57,719 --> 00:46:59,387
- And Hanford.
- And Hanford.
927
00:46:59,420 --> 00:47:03,491
All America's industrial might
and scientific innovation,
928
00:47:03,524 --> 00:47:04,893
connected by rail.
929
00:47:04,927 --> 00:47:06,594
Focused on one goal.
930
00:47:06,628 --> 00:47:09,330
One point in space and time.
And it comes together here.
931
00:47:09,364 --> 00:47:11,666
A secret laboratory. In
the middle of nowhere,
932
00:47:11,699 --> 00:47:13,167
secure, self-sufficient,
933
00:47:13,201 --> 00:47:14,569
equipment, housing, the works.
934
00:47:14,602 --> 00:47:16,771
Keep everyone there
until it's done.
935
00:47:16,805 --> 00:47:18,841
It'll need a school,
stores, a church.
936
00:47:18,874 --> 00:47:20,308
Why?
937
00:47:20,341 --> 00:47:21,652
If we don't
let scientists
938
00:47:21,676 --> 00:47:23,387
bring their families,
we'll never get the best.
939
00:47:23,411 --> 00:47:25,480
You want security, build
a town, build it fast.
940
00:47:25,513 --> 00:47:26,581
Where?
941
00:47:30,585 --> 00:47:32,553
Welcome to Los Alamos.
942
00:47:32,587 --> 00:47:35,390
Now, there's a boys school
we'll have to commandeer,
943
00:47:35,423 --> 00:47:37,401
and the local Indians come
up here for burial rites.
944
00:47:37,425 --> 00:47:40,662
But, apart from that, nothing.
Forty miles. Any direction.
945
00:47:40,695 --> 00:47:42,630
Enough to find the perfect spot.
946
00:47:42,664 --> 00:47:45,166
- For?
- Success.
947
00:47:50,438 --> 00:47:52,440
Build him a town. Fast.
948
00:47:53,474 --> 00:47:55,978
Let's go recruit
some scientists.
949
00:47:56,011 --> 00:47:58,346
Why would I leave my family?
950
00:47:58,379 --> 00:47:59,824
I told you, you can
bring your family.
951
00:47:59,848 --> 00:48:01,282
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
952
00:48:01,315 --> 00:48:03,418
A soldier? He's a general.
953
00:48:03,451 --> 00:48:05,286
I've got all the soldier I need.
954
00:48:05,319 --> 00:48:06,889
What can I tell them?
955
00:48:06,922 --> 00:48:09,257
Heisenberg, Diebner,
Bothe and Bohr.
956
00:48:09,290 --> 00:48:10,591
What do these men
have in common?
957
00:48:10,625 --> 00:48:12,627
The greatest minds
on atomic theory.
958
00:48:12,660 --> 00:48:13,996
- Yes, and?
- Uh...
959
00:48:14,029 --> 00:48:17,298
As much as you like,
960
00:48:17,331 --> 00:48:19,467
until you feel my
boot on your balls.
961
00:48:19,500 --> 00:48:22,270
You know isotopes and
you know explosives
962
00:48:22,303 --> 00:48:23,604
better than anyone in the world.
963
00:48:23,638 --> 00:48:26,240
But you can't tell
us what you're doing?
964
00:48:29,310 --> 00:48:31,546
- I don't know.
- The Nazis have them.
965
00:48:31,579 --> 00:48:33,715
- Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
- Under Nazi occupation.
966
00:48:33,748 --> 00:48:35,616
Did they stop printing
newspapers in Princeton?
967
00:48:35,650 --> 00:48:37,986
Why would we go to
the middle of nowhere
968
00:48:38,020 --> 00:48:39,487
for who knows how
long?
969
00:48:39,520 --> 00:48:41,622
For a year or two. Or three.
970
00:48:42,623 --> 00:48:46,227
Uh, General, could
you give us a moment?
971
00:48:47,295 --> 00:48:50,364
It's about unleashing
the strong force...
972
00:48:51,499 --> 00:48:52,901
before the Nazis do.
973
00:48:52,935 --> 00:48:54,870
Oh, my God.
974
00:48:54,903 --> 00:48:56,014
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
975
00:48:56,038 --> 00:48:57,338
No, never.
976
00:48:57,371 --> 00:48:59,674
But while they
have him, we don't.
977
00:48:59,707 --> 00:49:00,876
That's why I need you.
978
00:49:00,909 --> 00:49:02,878
Why would you think I'd do that?
979
00:49:02,911 --> 00:49:04,746
"Why?" "Why?"
980
00:49:04,779 --> 00:49:06,991
How about because this is the
most important fucking thing
981
00:49:07,015 --> 00:49:09,017
to ever happen in the
history of the world.
982
00:49:09,051 --> 00:49:10,485
How about that?
983
00:49:11,053 --> 00:49:12,487
Fuck.
984
00:49:17,425 --> 00:49:19,794
They are not gonna let
me onto this project.
985
00:49:19,828 --> 00:49:21,897
And failing a security
check is not gonna be good
986
00:49:21,930 --> 00:49:23,598
for a career, even
after the war.
987
00:49:23,631 --> 00:49:26,400
So you're a fellow
traveler. So what?
988
00:49:26,434 --> 00:49:27,802
This is a national emergency.
989
00:49:27,836 --> 00:49:31,006
I've got some skeletons,
they put me in charge.
990
00:49:31,039 --> 00:49:32,340
They need us.
991
00:49:32,373 --> 00:49:34,542
Until they don't.
992
00:49:37,612 --> 00:49:40,015
Is there any chance of
getting Bohr out of Denmark?
993
00:49:40,048 --> 00:49:43,051
Nah, no dice. I checked
with the British.
994
00:49:43,085 --> 00:49:45,386
Until we get Allied boots
back onto the continent,
995
00:49:45,419 --> 00:49:46,822
there's just no way.
996
00:49:48,356 --> 00:49:49,791
Is he that important?
997
00:49:49,825 --> 00:49:52,861
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
998
00:49:53,929 --> 00:49:56,031
You know, it really would
be quicker to take a plane.
999
00:49:56,064 --> 00:49:57,799
No, plane's too risky.
1000
00:49:57,833 --> 00:50:00,301
Country needs us.
1001
00:50:02,670 --> 00:50:03,771
The Harvard guys,
1002
00:50:03,806 --> 00:50:06,374
they say the building's too
small for the cyclotron.
1003
00:50:08,609 --> 00:50:10,511
Get them together
with the architects.
1004
00:50:13,714 --> 00:50:15,716
When's this place
supposed to open?
1005
00:50:18,821 --> 00:50:19,821
Two months.
1006
00:50:20,755 --> 00:50:23,025
Robert, you're the
great improviser,
1007
00:50:23,058 --> 00:50:25,093
but this...
1008
00:50:25,127 --> 00:50:26,727
you can't do in your head.
1009
00:50:27,762 --> 00:50:29,363
Four divisions.
1010
00:50:30,498 --> 00:50:34,102
Experimental, Theoretical,
Metallurgical, Ordnance.
1011
00:50:34,136 --> 00:50:35,103
Who's running Theoretical?
1012
00:50:35,137 --> 00:50:36,537
I am.
1013
00:50:36,571 --> 00:50:37,782
That's what
I was afraid of.
1014
00:50:37,806 --> 00:50:39,674
You're spread too thin.
1015
00:50:40,876 --> 00:50:42,577
So you take Theoretical.
1016
00:50:45,147 --> 00:50:48,382
I'm not coming here, Robert.
1017
00:50:54,022 --> 00:50:55,690
Why not?
1018
00:51:01,562 --> 00:51:05,633
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
1019
00:51:06,902 --> 00:51:09,537
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
1020
00:51:09,570 --> 00:51:11,974
to be a weapon of
mass destruction.
1021
00:51:21,183 --> 00:51:22,516
Izzy.
1022
00:51:23,651 --> 00:51:27,788
I don't know if we can be
trusted with such a weapon.
1023
00:51:29,157 --> 00:51:32,460
But I know the Nazis can't.
1024
00:51:35,864 --> 00:51:38,666
We have no choice.
1025
00:51:40,068 --> 00:51:41,502
Then...
1026
00:51:42,838 --> 00:51:45,207
the second thing you'll
have to do is appoint
1027
00:51:45,240 --> 00:51:47,508
Hans Bethe to run the
Theoretical division.
1028
00:51:49,878 --> 00:51:51,712
Wait, what was the first?
1029
00:51:51,746 --> 00:51:54,216
Take off that
ridiculous uniform.
1030
00:51:54,249 --> 00:51:55,449
You're a scientist.
1031
00:51:55,483 --> 00:51:57,085
Groves is insisting we join.
1032
00:51:57,119 --> 00:51:59,553
Tell Groves to go
shit in his hat.
1033
00:51:59,587 --> 00:52:03,058
They need us for who
we are. So be yourself.
1034
00:52:03,091 --> 00:52:05,060
Only better.
1035
00:52:44,099 --> 00:52:46,134
This is the only key.
1036
00:52:46,168 --> 00:52:47,601
And Teller's already here.
1037
00:52:47,635 --> 00:52:49,503
Shall I just show him in?
1038
00:52:49,537 --> 00:52:51,206
No, let's wait for the others.
1039
00:52:59,147 --> 00:53:00,148
Let's get started.
1040
00:53:00,182 --> 00:53:02,250
Hello, Edward.
1041
00:53:02,284 --> 00:53:03,986
Yes.
1042
00:53:04,019 --> 00:53:05,720
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
1043
00:53:05,753 --> 00:53:08,756
until the T-section at
Los Alamos is finished.
1044
00:53:08,789 --> 00:53:11,093
- Edward, can I please...
- It is more important.
1045
00:53:13,161 --> 00:53:15,130
When I calculated
the chain reaction,
1046
00:53:15,163 --> 00:53:17,866
I found a rather
troubling possibility.
1047
00:53:17,899 --> 00:53:20,002
No.
1048
00:53:20,035 --> 00:53:21,269
But this can't be right.
1049
00:53:21,303 --> 00:53:23,238
Show me how you did
your calculations.
1050
00:53:23,271 --> 00:53:24,672
Yes.
1051
00:53:28,176 --> 00:53:29,244
It's exponential.
1052
00:53:29,277 --> 00:53:31,746
No. No, no, no. No.
1053
00:53:34,282 --> 00:53:36,284
This is fantasy.
1054
00:53:36,318 --> 00:53:38,586
Teller's calculations
can't be right.
1055
00:53:38,619 --> 00:53:41,289
Do them yourself while
I go to Princeton.
1056
00:53:41,323 --> 00:53:43,158
- What for?
- To talk to Einstein.
1057
00:53:43,191 --> 00:53:45,760
Well, there's not much common
ground between you two.
1058
00:53:45,793 --> 00:53:48,830
That's why I should
get his view.
1059
00:53:52,267 --> 00:53:54,269
- Albert.
- Hmm?
1060
00:53:54,302 --> 00:53:57,205
Ah. Dr. Oppenheimer.
1061
00:53:57,239 --> 00:53:58,706
Well, have you met Dr. Gödel?
1062
00:53:58,739 --> 00:54:00,308
We walk here most days.
1063
00:54:00,342 --> 00:54:05,147
Trees are the most
inspiring structures.
1064
00:54:05,180 --> 00:54:06,647
Albert, might I have a word?
1065
00:54:06,680 --> 00:54:10,085
Of course. 'Scuse me, Kurt.
1066
00:54:11,086 --> 00:54:14,022
You know, some days,
Kurt refuses to eat.
1067
00:54:14,056 --> 00:54:15,656
Even in Princeton.
1068
00:54:15,689 --> 00:54:18,793
He's convinced that the
Nazis can poison his food.
1069
00:54:18,827 --> 00:54:20,095
Mm.
1070
00:54:20,128 --> 00:54:21,963
Hmm? Huh.
1071
00:54:23,832 --> 00:54:25,666
Wha...
1072
00:54:30,205 --> 00:54:33,041
Whose... Whose work is this?
1073
00:54:33,075 --> 00:54:34,109
Teller's.
1074
00:54:35,243 --> 00:54:37,711
What do you take it to mean?
1075
00:54:37,745 --> 00:54:39,680
Neutrons smash into nucleus,
1076
00:54:39,713 --> 00:54:43,751
releasing neutrons to
smash into other nuclei.
1077
00:54:43,784 --> 00:54:45,987
Criticality, a
point of no return,
1078
00:54:46,021 --> 00:54:47,621
massive explosive force.
1079
00:54:47,655 --> 00:54:49,991
But this time, the chain
reaction doesn't stop.
1080
00:54:50,892 --> 00:54:53,862
It would ignite the atmosphere.
1081
00:54:54,930 --> 00:54:56,898
When we detonate
an atomic device,
1082
00:54:56,932 --> 00:54:59,101
we might start a
chain reaction that...
1083
00:55:00,068 --> 00:55:01,602
destroys the world.
1084
00:55:02,770 --> 00:55:04,672
So here we are, hmm?
1085
00:55:04,705 --> 00:55:09,010
Lost in your quantum
world of probabilities
1086
00:55:09,044 --> 00:55:10,778
and needing certainty.
1087
00:55:10,812 --> 00:55:13,681
Can you run the
calculations yourself?
1088
00:55:13,714 --> 00:55:15,117
About the only thing
1089
00:55:15,150 --> 00:55:18,420
you and I have in common is
a disdain for mathematics.
1090
00:55:18,453 --> 00:55:21,022
Who's working on
this in-in Berkeley?
1091
00:55:21,056 --> 00:55:22,357
Hans Bethe.
1092
00:55:22,390 --> 00:55:24,226
Well, he'll get to the truth.
1093
00:55:25,861 --> 00:55:28,729
And if the truth
is catastrophic?
1094
00:55:28,762 --> 00:55:30,065
Then you stop.
1095
00:55:30,098 --> 00:55:33,835
And you share your
findings with the Nazis.
1096
00:55:33,869 --> 00:55:37,005
So neither side
destroys the world.
1097
00:55:40,208 --> 00:55:41,243
Robert.
1098
00:55:42,710 --> 00:55:45,914
This is yours, not mine.
1099
00:55:58,792 --> 00:56:00,195
Teller's wrong.
1100
00:56:00,228 --> 00:56:01,429
He's wrong.
1101
00:56:11,106 --> 00:56:13,808
When you know Teller's
critical assumptions,
1102
00:56:13,842 --> 00:56:15,177
the real picture emerges.
1103
00:56:15,210 --> 00:56:17,012
Bottom line?
1104
00:56:17,045 --> 00:56:19,147
The chances of an
uncontrolled nuclear reaction
1105
00:56:19,181 --> 00:56:20,182
are near zero.
1106
00:56:20,215 --> 00:56:22,851
Near zero.
1107
00:56:22,884 --> 00:56:25,153
- Oppie, this is good news.
- Mm.
1108
00:56:26,488 --> 00:56:27,721
Can you run them again?
1109
00:56:27,755 --> 00:56:29,491
No, you'll get the same answer.
1110
00:56:29,524 --> 00:56:31,102
Till they actually detonate
one of these things,
1111
00:56:31,126 --> 00:56:33,962
the best assurance you're
going to get is this.
1112
00:56:33,995 --> 00:56:35,063
Near zero.
1113
00:56:37,265 --> 00:56:39,935
Theory
will take you only so far.
1114
00:56:39,968 --> 00:56:41,469
- Mm.
- Hello!
1115
00:56:41,503 --> 00:56:42,813
- Hello, you.
- Hi.
1116
00:56:42,837 --> 00:56:44,172
We missed him.
1117
00:56:44,206 --> 00:56:45,340
You want to adopt?
1118
00:56:45,373 --> 00:56:46,774
She's kidding.
1119
00:56:46,808 --> 00:56:48,742
We wanted to see
you before we left.
1120
00:56:48,776 --> 00:56:51,947
For parts unknown.
1121
00:56:51,980 --> 00:56:54,516
You know who
I ran into the other day?
1122
00:56:54,549 --> 00:56:56,184
Eltenton.
1123
00:56:56,218 --> 00:56:57,485
Oh.
1124
00:56:57,519 --> 00:56:59,221
The chemist from
Shell? The union guy?
1125
00:56:59,254 --> 00:57:03,124
Yeah. He...
The, uh, F.A.E.C.T. guy.
1126
00:57:03,158 --> 00:57:06,528
He was moaning about how
we're handling the war.
1127
00:57:06,561 --> 00:57:08,762
How so?
1128
00:57:08,796 --> 00:57:11,533
Lack of cooperation
with our allies.
1129
00:57:11,566 --> 00:57:13,902
Apparently our
government's not sharing
1130
00:57:13,935 --> 00:57:16,037
any research with the Russians.
1131
00:57:16,071 --> 00:57:17,038
Well, he said,
1132
00:57:17,072 --> 00:57:19,808
"Most scientists think
the policy is stupid."
1133
00:57:23,144 --> 00:57:24,980
- Oh, yeah?
- Yeah.
1134
00:57:25,013 --> 00:57:27,382
He mentioned that if anyone
1135
00:57:27,415 --> 00:57:30,385
had anything they
wanted to pass on,
1136
00:57:30,418 --> 00:57:32,254
uh, going around
official channels,
1137
00:57:32,287 --> 00:57:34,222
that he could help.
1138
00:57:42,864 --> 00:57:44,532
That would be treason.
1139
00:57:44,566 --> 00:57:47,402
Yes, of course.
1140
00:57:47,435 --> 00:57:49,237
I just thought you should know.
1141
00:57:52,374 --> 00:57:53,842
The brat is down.
1142
00:57:53,875 --> 00:57:55,243
Where are the martinis?
1143
00:58:00,448 --> 00:58:01,950
Coming right up.
1144
00:58:01,983 --> 00:58:03,451
Conversation ended there.
1145
00:58:03,485 --> 00:58:05,587
Nothing in our
long-standing friendship
1146
00:58:05,620 --> 00:58:07,188
would have led me to believe
1147
00:58:07,222 --> 00:58:09,958
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
1148
00:58:09,991 --> 00:58:12,460
and I am certain
that he had no idea
1149
00:58:12,494 --> 00:58:14,795
of the work in
which I was engaged.
1150
00:58:19,334 --> 00:58:21,303
It has long been clear to me
1151
00:58:21,336 --> 00:58:24,039
that I should have reported
this incident at once.
1152
00:58:24,072 --> 00:58:25,583
The
Oppenheimer situation
1153
00:58:25,607 --> 00:58:28,510
highlights the tension
between scientists
1154
00:58:28,543 --> 00:58:30,145
and the security apparatus.
1155
00:58:30,178 --> 00:58:32,047
In hopes of learning
how the nominee handled
1156
00:58:32,080 --> 00:58:34,416
such issues during
his time at the AEC,
1157
00:58:34,449 --> 00:58:37,952
we'll have a scientist
appearing before the committee.
1158
00:58:38,620 --> 00:58:40,188
Who are they bringing in?
1159
00:58:40,221 --> 00:58:41,189
They hadn't said.
1160
00:58:41,222 --> 00:58:42,590
Mr. Chairman,
if I may,
1161
00:58:42,624 --> 00:58:45,160
I'm nominated for
Commerce Secretary.
1162
00:58:45,193 --> 00:58:47,495
Why seek the opinion
of scientists?
1163
00:58:47,529 --> 00:58:49,864
This is a Cabinet post, Admiral.
1164
00:58:49,898 --> 00:58:52,067
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1165
00:58:52,100 --> 00:58:54,903
Well, I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1166
00:58:54,936 --> 00:58:56,438
I'd like the chance
to cross-examine.
1167
00:58:56,471 --> 00:58:58,606
This is not a court.
1168
00:58:58,640 --> 00:59:01,042
Formality, huh?
1169
00:59:01,076 --> 00:59:02,353
No
presidential Cabinet nominee
1170
00:59:02,377 --> 00:59:04,946
has failed to be
confirmed since 1925.
1171
00:59:04,979 --> 00:59:07,082
This is just how
the game is played.
1172
00:59:07,115 --> 00:59:08,416
It's in the bag, Lewis.
1173
00:59:08,450 --> 00:59:09,651
So play nice.
1174
00:59:09,684 --> 00:59:11,953
They bring in a
scientist, so what?
1175
00:59:11,986 --> 00:59:13,988
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1176
00:59:14,022 --> 00:59:16,057
They resent anyone who
questions their judgment,
1177
00:59:16,091 --> 00:59:18,093
especially if you're
not one of them.
1178
00:59:18,126 --> 00:59:19,427
I was chair of the AEC.
1179
00:59:19,461 --> 00:59:21,896
I'm easy to blame for
what happened to Robert.
1180
00:59:21,930 --> 00:59:23,231
We can't have the
Senate thinking
1181
00:59:23,264 --> 00:59:26,368
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1182
00:59:26,401 --> 00:59:28,236
Or should we pivot?
1183
00:59:28,269 --> 00:59:30,238
- To what?
- And embrace it.
1184
00:59:30,271 --> 00:59:33,041
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1185
00:59:33,074 --> 00:59:34,642
I-I don't think we
need to go there.
1186
00:59:34,676 --> 00:59:36,954
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1187
00:59:36,978 --> 00:59:38,418
- Teller.
- He'll make an impression.
1188
00:59:38,446 --> 00:59:40,524
Can you get the name of the
scientist they've called?
1189
00:59:40,548 --> 00:59:42,117
- Probably.
- Find out if he was
1190
00:59:42,150 --> 00:59:44,519
based in Chicago or Los
Alamos during the war.
1191
00:59:44,552 --> 00:59:45,920
Why does that matter?
1192
00:59:45,954 --> 00:59:47,164
Well, if he was
based in Chicago,
1193
00:59:47,188 --> 00:59:48,599
then he worked under
Szilard and Fermi,
1194
00:59:48,623 --> 00:59:50,925
not the cult of
Oppie at Los Alamos.
1195
00:59:50,959 --> 00:59:52,193
Robert built that damn place.
1196
00:59:52,227 --> 00:59:54,996
He was founder, mayor, sheriff,
1197
00:59:55,029 --> 00:59:56,431
all rolled into one.
1198
01:00:09,377 --> 01:00:11,179
All it needs is a saloon.
1199
01:00:39,607 --> 01:00:42,177
There's no kitchen.
1200
01:00:42,210 --> 01:00:46,147
Really? We'll fix that.
1201
01:00:52,053 --> 01:00:55,457
Barbed wire, guns.
1202
01:00:55,490 --> 01:00:56,591
Oppie.
1203
01:00:56,624 --> 01:00:58,259
We're at war, Hans.
1204
01:01:00,662 --> 01:01:03,231
Halifax. 1917.
1205
01:01:03,264 --> 01:01:06,234
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1206
01:01:08,636 --> 01:01:11,573
A vast and sudden
chemical reaction.
1207
01:01:15,243 --> 01:01:18,079
The biggest man-made
explosion in history.
1208
01:01:18,112 --> 01:01:20,081
Now let's calculate how
much more destructive
1209
01:01:20,114 --> 01:01:22,784
it would have been
if it were a nuclear
1210
01:01:22,818 --> 01:01:24,486
and not a chemical reaction.
1211
01:01:24,519 --> 01:01:28,156
Expressing power in
terms of tons of TNT.
1212
01:01:28,189 --> 01:01:29,691
But it will be thousands.
1213
01:01:29,724 --> 01:01:33,161
Well, then kilotons.
1214
01:01:36,731 --> 01:01:40,101
Using U-235,
1215
01:01:40,134 --> 01:01:42,704
- the bomb will need a...
- Uh-uh.
1216
01:01:42,737 --> 01:01:45,808
Sorry. Gadget will
need a 33-pound sphere
1217
01:01:45,841 --> 01:01:47,308
about this size.
1218
01:01:47,342 --> 01:01:51,145
Or using plutonium,
the ten-pound sphere.
1219
01:01:52,547 --> 01:01:53,781
Here's the amount of uranium
1220
01:01:53,816 --> 01:01:57,151
Oak Ridge refined
all of last month.
1221
01:01:59,554 --> 01:02:03,558
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1222
01:02:04,692 --> 01:02:07,795
Now, if we can
enrich these amounts,
1223
01:02:07,830 --> 01:02:10,632
we need a way to detonate them.
1224
01:02:10,665 --> 01:02:12,767
Are we boring you, Edward?
1225
01:02:12,800 --> 01:02:14,402
A little bit, yes.
1226
01:02:14,435 --> 01:02:15,670
May I ask why?
1227
01:02:15,703 --> 01:02:17,138
We all
entered this room
1228
01:02:17,171 --> 01:02:19,107
knowing a fission
bomb was possible.
1229
01:02:19,140 --> 01:02:21,743
How 'bout we leave it
with something new?
1230
01:02:21,776 --> 01:02:22,777
Such as?
1231
01:02:22,811 --> 01:02:25,547
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
1232
01:02:25,580 --> 01:02:26,581
we use hydrogen.
1233
01:02:28,149 --> 01:02:29,760
- Heavy hydrogen.
- Hydrogen.
1234
01:02:29,784 --> 01:02:32,554
Deuterium. You see?
1235
01:02:32,587 --> 01:02:34,289
We compact the atoms together
1236
01:02:34,322 --> 01:02:37,392
under great pressure to
induce a fusion reaction.
1237
01:02:38,326 --> 01:02:41,162
Then we'll get not kilotons,
1238
01:02:41,195 --> 01:02:42,263
but megatons.
1239
01:02:42,297 --> 01:02:43,231
A big
fission reaction...
1240
01:02:43,264 --> 01:02:44,833
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1241
01:02:44,867 --> 01:02:49,571
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1242
01:02:49,604 --> 01:02:51,673
A small fission bomb.
1243
01:02:51,706 --> 01:02:53,408
There we are.
1244
01:02:55,343 --> 01:02:57,145
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1245
01:02:57,178 --> 01:02:59,147
can we get back to
the business at hand?
1246
01:02:59,180 --> 01:03:00,524
The isotopes issue
1247
01:03:00,548 --> 01:03:04,185
wasn't your most important
policy disagreement
1248
01:03:04,218 --> 01:03:05,854
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1249
01:03:05,888 --> 01:03:08,289
It was the hydrogen
bomb, wasn't it?
1250
01:03:08,323 --> 01:03:11,192
Uh, as colleagues,
we agreed to disagree
1251
01:03:11,225 --> 01:03:13,227
on a great many things, uh,
1252
01:03:13,261 --> 01:03:14,495
and, well, one of them
1253
01:03:14,529 --> 01:03:17,599
was the need for an
H-bomb program, yes.
1254
01:03:30,445 --> 01:03:33,214
Thanks for convening
on short notice.
1255
01:03:33,247 --> 01:03:34,716
I can't believe it.
1256
01:03:35,717 --> 01:03:37,251
Well, here we are.
1257
01:03:37,285 --> 01:03:39,287
Catch me up. What do we know?
1258
01:03:39,320 --> 01:03:41,824
One of our B-29s over
the North Pacific
1259
01:03:41,857 --> 01:03:43,358
has detected radiation.
1260
01:03:43,391 --> 01:03:45,159
Do we have the filter papers?
1261
01:03:45,193 --> 01:03:47,195
There's no doubt what this is.
1262
01:03:47,228 --> 01:03:48,439
White House says
there's a doubt.
1263
01:03:48,463 --> 01:03:49,898
Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1264
01:03:49,932 --> 01:03:52,634
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1265
01:03:53,568 --> 01:03:55,637
It's an atomic test.
1266
01:03:58,272 --> 01:03:59,674
The Russians have a bomb.
1267
01:03:59,707 --> 01:04:03,444
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but some...
1268
01:04:03,478 --> 01:04:05,780
What were you guys
doing at Los Alamos?
1269
01:04:05,814 --> 01:04:06,949
Wasn't security tight?
1270
01:04:06,982 --> 01:04:08,483
Of course it was.
You weren't there.
1271
01:04:08,516 --> 01:04:10,919
- It was...
- Forgive me, Doctor...
1272
01:04:10,953 --> 01:04:13,388
but I was there.
1273
01:04:14,455 --> 01:04:15,790
We can now consider
1274
01:04:15,824 --> 01:04:17,759
the actual mechanics
of detonation.
1275
01:04:17,792 --> 01:04:18,927
Any ideas?
1276
01:04:18,961 --> 01:04:20,695
I call
this "shooting."
1277
01:04:20,728 --> 01:04:24,265
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1278
01:04:24,298 --> 01:04:26,801
with enough force to
achieve criticality.
1279
01:04:26,835 --> 01:04:28,503
What do we think? Anyone?
1280
01:04:28,536 --> 01:04:30,338
I've been
thinking about implosion.
1281
01:04:30,371 --> 01:04:32,340
Explosives around the
sphere blast inwards,
1282
01:04:32,373 --> 01:04:34,409
crushing the material.
1283
01:04:34,442 --> 01:04:36,377
I'd like to
investigate that idea.
1284
01:04:36,411 --> 01:04:38,713
I'll talk to Ordnance,
get you blowing things up.
1285
01:04:39,714 --> 01:04:40,816
Progress?
1286
01:04:40,849 --> 01:04:42,684
Nice to see you too.
1287
01:04:42,717 --> 01:04:44,485
Meet the British contingent.
1288
01:04:44,519 --> 01:04:46,354
Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs.
1289
01:04:46,387 --> 01:04:48,256
How long have you been British?
1290
01:04:48,289 --> 01:04:49,500
Since Hitler told
me I wasn't German.
1291
01:04:49,524 --> 01:04:53,327
Uh-huh. Come, welcome
to Los Alamos.
1292
01:04:53,361 --> 01:04:55,229
School's up and running.
1293
01:04:55,263 --> 01:04:57,565
Bar. Always running.
1294
01:04:57,598 --> 01:05:00,601
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1295
01:05:01,569 --> 01:05:03,571
- Is that...
- Mrs. Serber, yes.
1296
01:05:03,604 --> 01:05:05,007
I've offered jobs
to all the wives.
1297
01:05:05,040 --> 01:05:06,507
Admin, librarians, computation.
1298
01:05:06,541 --> 01:05:08,844
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1299
01:05:08,877 --> 01:05:11,446
- Are these women qualified?
- Don't be absurd.
1300
01:05:11,479 --> 01:05:13,849
These are some of the brightest
minds in our community.
1301
01:05:13,882 --> 01:05:15,450
And they're already
security cleared.
1302
01:05:15,483 --> 01:05:17,361
I've informed General
Groves you've been holding
1303
01:05:17,385 --> 01:05:18,854
cross-divisional
open discussions
1304
01:05:18,887 --> 01:05:20,588
- on a nightly basis.
- Shut them down.
1305
01:05:20,621 --> 01:05:22,958
Compartmentalization is the
key to maintaining security...
1306
01:05:22,991 --> 01:05:24,492
It's only the top men.
1307
01:05:24,525 --> 01:05:26,360
Who presumably communicate
with subordinates.
1308
01:05:26,394 --> 01:05:27,595
These men aren't stupid.
1309
01:05:27,628 --> 01:05:29,464
- They can be discreet.
- I don't like it.
1310
01:05:29,497 --> 01:05:32,400
You don't like anything enough
for that to be a fair test.
1311
01:05:37,940 --> 01:05:40,475
Once a week. Top men only.
1312
01:05:40,508 --> 01:05:41,877
I'd like to bring
my brother here.
1313
01:05:41,910 --> 01:05:43,377
No.
1314
01:05:44,012 --> 01:05:45,780
Uh, Nichols...
1315
01:05:46,915 --> 01:05:48,851
I still haven't heard
that my security clearance
1316
01:05:48,884 --> 01:05:50,451
- has been approved.
- It hasn't.
1317
01:05:50,485 --> 01:05:51,854
We're going to Chicago tomorrow.
1318
01:05:51,887 --> 01:05:52,921
No, you should wait.
1319
01:05:54,123 --> 01:05:55,232
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start.
1320
01:05:55,256 --> 01:05:58,326
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1321
01:05:58,359 --> 01:06:00,361
is proving difficult to
obtain is not my fault.
1322
01:06:00,394 --> 01:06:01,662
It's yours.
1323
01:06:01,696 --> 01:06:03,631
May not be your fault,
but it's your problem.
1324
01:06:03,664 --> 01:06:04,665
Because I'm going.
1325
01:06:04,699 --> 01:06:08,469
And how many
people were in these, uh,
1326
01:06:08,503 --> 01:06:10,705
- open discussions?
- Too many.
1327
01:06:10,738 --> 01:06:12,083
Compartmentalization was
supposed to be the protocol.
1328
01:06:12,107 --> 01:06:14,042
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1329
01:06:14,076 --> 01:06:16,511
And now the race is
against the Soviets.
1330
01:06:16,544 --> 01:06:18,056
- Not unless we start it.
- Robert.
1331
01:06:18,080 --> 01:06:21,482
They just fired a starting gun.
1332
01:06:21,516 --> 01:06:23,484
What's the nature of the
device they detonated?
1333
01:06:23,518 --> 01:06:25,063
The data
indicates it may have been
1334
01:06:25,087 --> 01:06:27,388
a plutonium implosion device.
1335
01:06:27,421 --> 01:06:30,525
Like the one you
built at Los Alamos.
1336
01:06:30,558 --> 01:06:32,393
The Russians have a bomb,
1337
01:06:32,426 --> 01:06:33,704
Truman needs to
know what's next.
1338
01:06:33,728 --> 01:06:35,530
What's next? Arms talks.
1339
01:06:35,563 --> 01:06:37,431
- Arms talks.
- Obviously.
1340
01:06:38,366 --> 01:06:39,567
What about the Super?
1341
01:06:39,600 --> 01:06:41,335
Does Truman even know about it?
1342
01:06:41,369 --> 01:06:43,371
Did we brief him on that?
1343
01:06:43,404 --> 01:06:44,472
Not specifically.
1344
01:06:44,505 --> 01:06:45,808
We still don't know
1345
01:06:45,841 --> 01:06:47,608
if a hydrogen bomb's
technically feasible.
1346
01:06:47,642 --> 01:06:49,553
Right, my understanding is
that Teller proposed it?
1347
01:06:49,577 --> 01:06:51,412
- Yes.
- At Los Alamos?
1348
01:06:51,445 --> 01:06:53,091
Teller's designs have always
been wildly impractical.
1349
01:06:53,115 --> 01:06:55,449
You'd have to
deliver by ox cart.
1350
01:06:55,483 --> 01:06:56,760
- Not airplane.
- Oppie.
1351
01:06:56,784 --> 01:07:00,488
I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
you want to comment?
1352
01:07:01,722 --> 01:07:02,825
No.
1353
01:07:04,692 --> 01:07:06,962
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1354
01:07:06,995 --> 01:07:10,032
the President of
the United States
1355
01:07:10,065 --> 01:07:12,067
needs to know about it.
1356
01:07:13,601 --> 01:07:15,403
And if the Russians
know about it already,
1357
01:07:15,436 --> 01:07:18,439
from a spy at Los Alamos,
1358
01:07:18,472 --> 01:07:19,774
then we've gotta get going.
1359
01:07:19,808 --> 01:07:22,777
There's no proof there
was a spy at Los Alamos.
1360
01:07:22,811 --> 01:07:23,879
Robert.
1361
01:07:28,716 --> 01:07:30,484
They put it under
the football stadium?
1362
01:07:30,518 --> 01:07:32,453
The field's not in use anymore.
1363
01:07:32,486 --> 01:07:34,722
Just as well.
1364
01:07:36,024 --> 01:07:38,459
- Oppie.
- Dr. Fermi.
1365
01:07:41,163 --> 01:07:42,496
I hear you got a little town.
1366
01:07:42,530 --> 01:07:43,764
Yes. Come and see.
1367
01:07:45,499 --> 01:07:49,604
Who could think straight
in a place like that? Huh?
1368
01:07:49,637 --> 01:07:51,572
Everybody will go crazy.
1369
01:07:51,606 --> 01:07:55,476
Thank you for the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1370
01:07:55,509 --> 01:07:59,147
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1371
01:07:59,181 --> 01:08:01,616
When are you going
to try it out?
1372
01:08:01,649 --> 01:08:02,683
We did.
1373
01:08:02,717 --> 01:08:07,089
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1374
01:08:07,122 --> 01:08:08,756
Didn't Groves tell you?
1375
01:08:08,789 --> 01:08:10,424
No.
1376
01:08:14,930 --> 01:08:18,033
One at a time,
please, one at a time.
1377
01:08:18,066 --> 01:08:19,533
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1378
01:08:20,635 --> 01:08:23,105
I tried Personnel. They
asked if I could type.
1379
01:08:23,138 --> 01:08:24,438
Can you?
1380
01:08:24,472 --> 01:08:25,606
Harvard forgot to teach that
1381
01:08:25,640 --> 01:08:27,475
on the graduate
chemistry course.
1382
01:08:28,844 --> 01:08:31,746
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig
here on the plutonium team.
1383
01:08:37,518 --> 01:08:39,187
What the hell were
you doing in Chicago?
1384
01:08:39,221 --> 01:08:40,688
Visiting the Met?
1385
01:08:40,721 --> 01:08:41,732
- Why? Why?
- Well, you can't talk to...
1386
01:08:41,756 --> 01:08:43,791
Because we have every right...
1387
01:08:43,825 --> 01:08:46,161
You have just the
rights that I give you.
1388
01:08:46,194 --> 01:08:47,662
No more, no less.
1389
01:08:47,695 --> 01:08:50,132
We are adults trying
to run a project here.
1390
01:08:50,165 --> 01:08:51,867
This is ridiculous.
1391
01:08:51,900 --> 01:08:53,668
Tell him.
1392
01:08:53,701 --> 01:08:56,838
Compartmentalization is
the protocol we agreed to.
1393
01:08:57,973 --> 01:08:59,207
Enough of this madhouse.
1394
01:08:59,241 --> 01:09:01,609
Nobody can work under
these conditions.
1395
01:09:01,642 --> 01:09:06,081
You know what,
Generalissimo? I quit.
1396
01:09:06,114 --> 01:09:07,515
Thanks for nothing.
1397
01:09:09,617 --> 01:09:11,119
Better
off without him.
1398
01:09:12,553 --> 01:09:13,587
Aren't you more concerned
1399
01:09:13,621 --> 01:09:15,991
about his discretion out there?
1400
01:09:16,024 --> 01:09:18,427
We'll have him killed.
1401
01:09:19,261 --> 01:09:21,830
I was just kidding.
1402
01:09:21,863 --> 01:09:24,799
- No, he hates me, not America.
- You know, General,
1403
01:09:24,833 --> 01:09:27,169
not everyone has levers
to pull like mine.
1404
01:09:27,202 --> 01:09:29,037
I don't think I understand.
1405
01:09:29,071 --> 01:09:31,239
You didn't hire me
despite my left-wing past.
1406
01:09:31,273 --> 01:09:33,008
You hired me because of it.
1407
01:09:34,009 --> 01:09:35,978
So you could control me.
1408
01:09:36,011 --> 01:09:38,612
Well, I'm not that subtle.
1409
01:09:38,646 --> 01:09:40,681
I'm just a humble soldier.
1410
01:09:40,715 --> 01:09:42,226
You're neither humble
nor just a soldier.
1411
01:09:42,250 --> 01:09:43,261
You studied engineering at MIT.
1412
01:09:43,285 --> 01:09:45,120
Guilty as charged.
1413
01:09:45,153 --> 01:09:46,654
Well, now we
understand each other,
1414
01:09:46,687 --> 01:09:48,132
perhaps you can get me
my security clearance
1415
01:09:48,156 --> 01:09:50,959
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1416
01:09:55,864 --> 01:09:57,607
General
Groves, were you aware
1417
01:09:57,631 --> 01:09:59,935
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
left-wing associations
1418
01:09:59,968 --> 01:10:01,635
when you appointed him?
1419
01:10:01,669 --> 01:10:03,314
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1420
01:10:03,338 --> 01:10:05,207
I was aware he
had a very extreme
1421
01:10:05,240 --> 01:10:06,607
liberal background.
1422
01:10:06,640 --> 01:10:08,252
In your opinion, would
he ever consciously
1423
01:10:08,276 --> 01:10:09,577
commit a disloyal act?
1424
01:10:09,610 --> 01:10:11,213
I would be amazed if he did.
1425
01:10:11,246 --> 01:10:14,316
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity.
1426
01:10:14,349 --> 01:10:15,750
At Los Alamos, yes,
1427
01:10:15,783 --> 01:10:17,119
which is where I
really knew him.
1428
01:10:17,152 --> 01:10:19,121
General, did your
security officers
1429
01:10:19,154 --> 01:10:20,621
on the project advise you
1430
01:10:20,654 --> 01:10:22,133
against the clearance
of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1431
01:10:22,157 --> 01:10:25,961
They could not and would not
clear him until I insisted.
1432
01:10:25,994 --> 01:10:28,629
And it's safe to say that you
had a pretty good knowledge
1433
01:10:28,662 --> 01:10:29,907
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
security file.
1434
01:10:29,931 --> 01:10:31,599
I did.
1435
01:10:31,632 --> 01:10:32,810
Well, then there's only
really one question
1436
01:10:32,834 --> 01:10:34,302
I need answered here today.
1437
01:10:34,336 --> 01:10:36,038
In light of the
current AEC guidelines,
1438
01:10:36,071 --> 01:10:38,773
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1439
01:10:38,807 --> 01:10:40,876
Do you have the guidelines?
1440
01:10:47,949 --> 01:10:50,618
Under current
AEC guidelines,
1441
01:10:50,651 --> 01:10:52,686
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1442
01:11:04,900 --> 01:11:08,702
Physics and New
Mexico, huh?
1443
01:11:08,736 --> 01:11:11,772
My God. What a trek.
1444
01:11:11,807 --> 01:11:13,275
That's why you need a liaison.
1445
01:11:13,308 --> 01:11:14,843
I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1446
01:11:16,011 --> 01:11:17,079
You're gonna be okay.
1447
01:11:17,112 --> 01:11:18,280
This way, gentlemen.
1448
01:11:28,256 --> 01:11:30,092
- Dr. Lawrence.
- Leslie.
1449
01:11:30,125 --> 01:11:32,693
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about in Berkeley.
1450
01:11:32,726 --> 01:11:35,063
Compartmentalization. I
understand completely.
1451
01:11:38,233 --> 01:11:39,234
Okay.
1452
01:11:40,402 --> 01:11:41,837
Thank you.
1453
01:11:49,743 --> 01:11:50,988
Greetings
from Berkeley.
1454
01:11:51,012 --> 01:11:53,148
I am here to update
you on our progress
1455
01:11:53,181 --> 01:11:54,715
and solicit your input.
1456
01:11:54,748 --> 01:11:56,127
To do so, I am going
to have to share
1457
01:11:56,151 --> 01:11:59,821
a few things that General
Groves told me not to.
1458
01:11:59,855 --> 01:12:01,655
Sorry, General, I
said I understood,
1459
01:12:01,689 --> 01:12:02,756
not that I agreed.
1460
01:12:02,790 --> 01:12:04,326
'Kay.
1461
01:12:04,359 --> 01:12:06,394
Gentlemen, to business.
1462
01:12:06,428 --> 01:12:08,796
There were rumors of
espionage at Los Alamos.
1463
01:12:08,830 --> 01:12:10,308
Unsubstantiated.
Unsubstantiated.
1464
01:12:10,332 --> 01:12:11,799
I'm told
1465
01:12:11,833 --> 01:12:13,144
that there were
Communists on the project.
1466
01:12:13,168 --> 01:12:14,936
We didn't knowingly
employ any Communists.
1467
01:12:14,970 --> 01:12:16,746
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1468
01:12:16,770 --> 01:12:18,240
in discussions of the Super?
1469
01:12:18,273 --> 01:12:20,451
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1470
01:12:20,475 --> 01:12:22,743
My brother had left
the Party by then.
1471
01:12:22,776 --> 01:12:24,012
What about Lomanitz?
1472
01:12:24,045 --> 01:12:25,779
Lomanitz was never
employed at Los Alamos.
1473
01:12:25,814 --> 01:12:26,815
He was a liaison.
1474
01:12:26,848 --> 01:12:28,016
Our security was tight,
1475
01:12:28,049 --> 01:12:29,427
as former Colonel
Nichols well knows.
1476
01:12:29,451 --> 01:12:31,019
Our security was as
tight as it could be
1477
01:12:31,052 --> 01:12:32,420
given the
personalities involved,
1478
01:12:32,454 --> 01:12:34,289
but attempts were made.
1479
01:12:34,322 --> 01:12:35,333
What is that supposed to mean?
1480
01:12:35,357 --> 01:12:36,925
We've all read his file here.
1481
01:12:37,959 --> 01:12:39,961
Do we need to talk
about Jean Tatlock?
1482
01:12:40,495 --> 01:12:42,663
Or the Chevalier incident?
1483
01:12:47,269 --> 01:12:48,669
'Scuse me.
1484
01:12:51,973 --> 01:12:53,942
That's
Lomanitz, line one.
1485
01:12:59,814 --> 01:13:00,849
Hello, Rossi.
1486
01:13:00,882 --> 01:13:04,085
What? O-Okay, just calm down.
1487
01:13:05,053 --> 01:13:08,290
There's been another screw-up.
Lomanitz just got drafted.
1488
01:13:08,323 --> 01:13:10,791
- We are at war, Doctor.
- Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
1489
01:13:10,825 --> 01:13:12,827
We need this kid.
Fix it, will you?
1490
01:13:12,861 --> 01:13:14,062
It wasn't a mistake.
1491
01:13:14,095 --> 01:13:15,439
Your friend Lomanitz
has been trying
1492
01:13:15,463 --> 01:13:17,731
to unionize the Radiation Lab.
1493
01:13:17,765 --> 01:13:19,067
He promised to quit all that.
1494
01:13:19,100 --> 01:13:21,002
Well, he hasn't.
1495
01:13:21,036 --> 01:13:22,904
Security officer at
Berkeley's concerned about
1496
01:13:22,938 --> 01:13:25,240
Communist infiltration
through that union,
1497
01:13:25,273 --> 01:13:27,876
- the F.A...
- F.A.E.C.T.
1498
01:13:30,278 --> 01:13:33,982
While I'm there next week,
I'll drop in to see him.
1499
01:13:36,251 --> 01:13:37,986
Your Q clearance came through.
1500
01:13:41,523 --> 01:13:42,967
It's important you
not maintain or renew
1501
01:13:42,991 --> 01:13:45,260
any questionable associations.
1502
01:13:49,998 --> 01:13:52,500
Doctor, did you
think social contacts
1503
01:13:52,534 --> 01:13:54,869
between a person engaged
on secret war work
1504
01:13:54,903 --> 01:13:56,271
and Communists was dangerous?
1505
01:13:56,304 --> 01:13:59,975
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1506
01:14:00,008 --> 01:14:02,911
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1507
01:14:02,944 --> 01:14:06,147
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1508
01:14:12,587 --> 01:14:15,557
Were conceivably
dangerous, yes.
1509
01:14:15,590 --> 01:14:17,859
I mean, really,
1510
01:14:17,892 --> 01:14:19,928
known Communists.
1511
01:14:22,063 --> 01:14:24,299
Look...
1512
01:14:24,332 --> 01:14:25,867
I've had a lot of secrets
1513
01:14:25,900 --> 01:14:28,870
in my head for a long time.
1514
01:14:29,838 --> 01:14:31,115
Doesn't matter who
I associate with.
1515
01:14:31,139 --> 01:14:34,042
I don't talk about
those secrets.
1516
01:14:41,449 --> 01:14:43,084
You said
in your statement
1517
01:14:43,118 --> 01:14:49,057
that you had to see
Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1518
01:14:50,525 --> 01:14:52,193
You left.
1519
01:14:53,428 --> 01:14:54,863
Not a word.
1520
01:14:54,896 --> 01:14:57,365
What did you think
that would do to me?
1521
01:14:58,466 --> 01:14:59,534
I wrote.
1522
01:14:59,567 --> 01:15:01,970
Pages of nothing.
1523
01:15:04,239 --> 01:15:06,574
Where did you go?
1524
01:15:06,608 --> 01:15:09,044
- I can't tell you.
- Why not?
1525
01:15:09,077 --> 01:15:11,813
Because you're a Communist.
1526
01:15:13,348 --> 01:15:15,216
Why did you have to see her?
1527
01:15:15,250 --> 01:15:18,353
Because she had
indicated a great desire
1528
01:15:18,386 --> 01:15:20,055
to see me before we left.
1529
01:15:20,088 --> 01:15:21,256
At that time, I couldn't,
1530
01:15:21,289 --> 01:15:25,093
but I felt that
she had to see me.
1531
01:15:25,126 --> 01:15:27,629
She was undergoing
psychiatric treatment.
1532
01:15:27,662 --> 01:15:29,898
She was extremely unhappy.
1533
01:15:29,931 --> 01:15:31,933
Did you find out why
she had to see you?
1534
01:15:37,038 --> 01:15:39,107
Because she was still
in love with me.
1535
01:15:46,314 --> 01:15:48,383
Spent the night
together, didn't you?
1536
01:15:56,358 --> 01:15:57,392
Yes.
1537
01:16:03,064 --> 01:16:06,935
You drop in and out of my life,
1538
01:16:06,968 --> 01:16:09,437
and you don't have
to tell me why.
1539
01:16:09,471 --> 01:16:10,939
Now that's power.
1540
01:16:10,972 --> 01:16:13,007
Not that I enjoy.
1541
01:16:13,975 --> 01:16:16,111
I'd rather be here
for you as you need.
1542
01:16:16,144 --> 01:16:18,613
But you have other
priorities now.
1543
01:16:18,646 --> 01:16:21,416
I have a wife and child.
1544
01:16:22,417 --> 01:16:25,220
That's not what either
of us is talking about.
1545
01:16:28,656 --> 01:16:30,525
Jean.
1546
01:16:30,558 --> 01:16:32,694
You asked me to come.
1547
01:16:32,727 --> 01:16:35,096
And I'm glad I did.
1548
01:16:35,730 --> 01:16:38,299
But I can't see you again.
1549
01:16:40,702 --> 01:16:42,404
But what if I need you?
1550
01:16:45,974 --> 01:16:48,943
You said you would
always answer.
1551
01:16:51,413 --> 01:16:52,547
Not a word?
1552
01:16:53,816 --> 01:16:54,892
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1553
01:16:54,916 --> 01:16:57,585
As a matter of fact, it was.
1554
01:16:57,619 --> 01:16:59,988
Not a word.
1555
01:17:00,021 --> 01:17:02,190
When did you
see her after that?
1556
01:17:10,598 --> 01:17:12,267
I never saw her again.
1557
01:17:18,473 --> 01:17:21,109
I can make the last
train back to Princeton.
1558
01:17:21,142 --> 01:17:24,312
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1559
01:17:24,345 --> 01:17:26,481
Today you said it to
history, didn't you?
1560
01:17:26,514 --> 01:17:28,049
This is a closed hearing.
1561
01:17:29,751 --> 01:17:31,362
If they don't
release the transcript,
1562
01:17:31,386 --> 01:17:33,388
- I'm sure you will.
- I was under oath.
1563
01:17:33,421 --> 01:17:35,190
Well, you were
under an oath for me
1564
01:17:35,223 --> 01:17:37,025
when you went to see Jean.
1565
01:17:37,692 --> 01:17:39,127
You know, you...
1566
01:17:40,028 --> 01:17:42,330
you sit there, day after day,
1567
01:17:42,363 --> 01:17:45,400
letting them pick
our lives to pieces.
1568
01:17:48,403 --> 01:17:50,104
Why won't you fight?
1569
01:17:53,241 --> 01:17:56,377
Robert, I'm
not putting her up there.
1570
01:18:01,516 --> 01:18:04,385
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an
honor. Please, take a seat.
1571
01:18:04,419 --> 01:18:08,022
No need, um, I just wanted
to check whether I should
1572
01:18:08,056 --> 01:18:10,225
talk to Lomanitz while I'm
here, given your concerns.
1573
01:18:10,258 --> 01:18:12,360
Well, I'd say that's really
up to you, Professor,
1574
01:18:12,393 --> 01:18:14,562
- but I'd be cautious.
- Uh-huh. Understood.
1575
01:18:14,596 --> 01:18:17,332
Oh, and, um,
as regards to the union,
1576
01:18:17,365 --> 01:18:19,133
I wanted to give you
a heads-up on a...
1577
01:18:19,167 --> 01:18:20,502
on a man named Eltenton.
1578
01:18:20,535 --> 01:18:22,036
A heads-up?
1579
01:18:22,070 --> 01:18:26,007
Yes, just that he might
merit watching is all.
1580
01:18:26,809 --> 01:18:28,243
Well, I'd love to
get more details.
1581
01:18:28,276 --> 01:18:30,612
Well, I... I have
an appointment now
1582
01:18:30,645 --> 01:18:32,080
and I leave early tomorrow.
1583
01:18:32,113 --> 01:18:33,648
Well, come back as
early as you like.
1584
01:18:33,681 --> 01:18:36,017
Since you haven't time now.
1585
01:18:36,684 --> 01:18:38,520
You went back the next morning.
1586
01:18:38,553 --> 01:18:40,555
I did, I had to, really.
1587
01:18:41,489 --> 01:18:44,092
This time, there
was another man.
1588
01:18:44,759 --> 01:18:46,261
He said his name's Pash.
1589
01:18:46,294 --> 01:18:48,796
Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1590
01:18:48,831 --> 01:18:50,374
Colonel Pash,
could you please read
1591
01:18:50,398 --> 01:18:54,202
from your memo
dated June 29, 1943?
1592
01:18:56,304 --> 01:18:58,406
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1593
01:18:58,439 --> 01:19:01,276
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections.
1594
01:19:01,309 --> 01:19:03,478
"Subject met with and
spent considerable time
1595
01:19:03,511 --> 01:19:05,713
"with one Jean
Tatlock, Communist,
1596
01:19:05,747 --> 01:19:07,215
the record of whom is attached."
1597
01:19:07,248 --> 01:19:09,117
The subject being
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1598
01:19:09,150 --> 01:19:11,619
- Yes.
- Whom you had not met?
1599
01:19:11,653 --> 01:19:13,454
Not then,
but soon after.
1600
01:19:13,488 --> 01:19:14,866
He's the head of
security for the project.
1601
01:19:14,890 --> 01:19:16,124
Shouldn't I know him?
1602
01:19:16,157 --> 01:19:17,492
No, he should know you.
1603
01:19:17,525 --> 01:19:19,427
I would never put you
in a room with Pash.
1604
01:19:19,460 --> 01:19:20,728
Why not?
1605
01:19:20,762 --> 01:19:22,831
When Pash first
heard about Lomanitz,
1606
01:19:22,865 --> 01:19:25,800
he told the FBI he
was gonna kidnap him,
1607
01:19:25,834 --> 01:19:27,302
take him out on a boat
1608
01:19:27,335 --> 01:19:30,338
and interrogate him
in the Russian manner.
1609
01:19:32,473 --> 01:19:35,310
General Groves has placed in
me a certain responsibility,
1610
01:19:35,343 --> 01:19:37,579
and it's like having a
child who I can't see.
1611
01:19:37,612 --> 01:19:39,714
- Ah.
- By remote control.
1612
01:19:39,747 --> 01:19:43,351
So to actually meet you is...
1613
01:19:44,452 --> 01:19:45,897
I won't take up too
much of your time.
1614
01:19:45,921 --> 01:19:48,189
No, no, not at all.
Whatever time you choose.
1615
01:19:48,222 --> 01:19:51,125
Mm. Mr. Johnson told
me of a conversation
1616
01:19:51,159 --> 01:19:52,904
you had yesterday in
which I'm very interested.
1617
01:19:52,928 --> 01:19:55,196
It's had me worried all day.
1618
01:19:55,229 --> 01:19:57,732
Yes, well, I didn't
want to talk to Lomanitz
1619
01:19:57,765 --> 01:19:59,300
without authorization.
1620
01:19:59,334 --> 01:20:00,544
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1621
01:20:00,568 --> 01:20:02,537
It's something a
little bit more...
1622
01:20:03,571 --> 01:20:05,340
well, in my opinion,
more serious.
1623
01:20:05,373 --> 01:20:08,309
Now, when the FBI pointed
out that such information
1624
01:20:08,343 --> 01:20:09,888
wouldn't be admissible in
court, Pash made it clear
1625
01:20:09,912 --> 01:20:13,681
he had no intention of leaving
any witness left to prosecute.
1626
01:20:13,715 --> 01:20:15,283
Now, the FBI talked him down,
1627
01:20:15,316 --> 01:20:16,885
but that's the man
you're dancing with.
1628
01:20:16,919 --> 01:20:19,621
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1629
01:20:19,654 --> 01:20:22,357
interested in the work
of the Radiation Lab.
1630
01:20:22,390 --> 01:20:26,294
A man attached to
the Soviet Consul
1631
01:20:26,327 --> 01:20:29,364
indicated, through
intermediate people,
1632
01:20:29,397 --> 01:20:30,933
to people on this project,
1633
01:20:30,966 --> 01:20:34,402
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1634
01:20:34,435 --> 01:20:37,271
Oh, why would anyone on the
project want to do that?
1635
01:20:38,706 --> 01:20:41,242
Frankly, I can see that
there might be an argument
1636
01:20:41,275 --> 01:20:43,678
for the Commander-in-Chief
informing the Russians...
1637
01:20:43,711 --> 01:20:45,580
they're our allies after all...
1638
01:20:45,613 --> 01:20:48,516
but I don't like the idea of
it going out the back door.
1639
01:20:48,549 --> 01:20:51,285
It might not hurt to be
on the lookout for it.
1640
01:20:52,687 --> 01:20:53,856
And you said that to Pash?
1641
01:20:53,889 --> 01:20:55,390
I was trying to put it
1642
01:20:55,423 --> 01:20:58,259
in a context of
Russia's not Germany.
1643
01:20:58,292 --> 01:21:02,697
Boris Pash is the son of
a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1644
01:21:02,730 --> 01:21:06,234
Born here, but in 1918,
he went back to Russia
1645
01:21:06,267 --> 01:21:07,702
to fight the Bolsheviks.
1646
01:21:07,735 --> 01:21:09,914
This is a man who has killed
Communists with his own hands.
1647
01:21:09,938 --> 01:21:13,408
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1648
01:21:13,441 --> 01:21:15,486
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1649
01:21:15,510 --> 01:21:17,712
Would you be a
little more specific?
1650
01:21:20,581 --> 01:21:23,451
There's a man whose
name was mentioned to me
1651
01:21:23,484 --> 01:21:25,586
a couple of times. Eltenton.
1652
01:21:26,621 --> 01:21:29,724
Uh, I believe he's a
chemist who works at Shell.
1653
01:21:29,757 --> 01:21:32,293
He talked to a friend of his
1654
01:21:32,326 --> 01:21:36,230
who's an acquaintance of
someone on the project.
1655
01:21:37,465 --> 01:21:39,902
And you thought Pash would
be satisfied with that?
1656
01:21:39,935 --> 01:21:42,470
I was attempting to
give them Eltenton
1657
01:21:42,503 --> 01:21:43,839
without opening a can of worms.
1658
01:21:43,872 --> 01:21:45,841
I told them a
cock-and-bull story.
1659
01:21:45,874 --> 01:21:47,408
Did you lie to
General Groves too?
1660
01:21:47,442 --> 01:21:50,979
No. I admitted to him
that I'd lied to Pash.
1661
01:21:51,013 --> 01:21:52,456
Do you recall
this conversation
1662
01:21:52,480 --> 01:21:54,883
about the Chevalier incident?
1663
01:21:54,917 --> 01:21:57,318
I've seen so many
versions of it. Um...
1664
01:21:57,351 --> 01:21:58,519
Wasn't confused before,
1665
01:21:58,553 --> 01:21:59,988
but I'm certainly
getting there now.
1666
01:22:00,022 --> 01:22:01,331
And what
was your conclusion?
1667
01:22:01,355 --> 01:22:03,725
That he was under
the influence of
1668
01:22:03,758 --> 01:22:06,627
the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1669
01:22:06,661 --> 01:22:10,264
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1670
01:22:10,298 --> 01:22:12,333
Well, now.
1671
01:22:12,366 --> 01:22:14,802
Might we know through
whom the contact was made?
1672
01:22:14,837 --> 01:22:17,039
That would in... involve people
1673
01:22:17,072 --> 01:22:19,041
who are not to be
involved in this.
1674
01:22:19,074 --> 01:22:21,844
Is that someone a
member of the project?
1675
01:22:21,877 --> 01:22:26,414
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1676
01:22:26,447 --> 01:22:27,548
Ah.
1677
01:22:27,582 --> 01:22:29,350
So Eltenton made his approach
1678
01:22:29,383 --> 01:22:32,620
through a member of the
faculty here at Berkeley?
1679
01:22:34,355 --> 01:22:36,825
As far as I know. As
far as I know, yes.
1680
01:22:36,859 --> 01:22:39,494
But there-there may have been
1681
01:22:39,527 --> 01:22:42,263
more than one person involved.
1682
01:22:45,666 --> 01:22:48,871
Gentlemen, if I... if
I seem uncooperative,
1683
01:22:48,904 --> 01:22:51,840
I think you can understand
that's because of my insistence
1684
01:22:51,874 --> 01:22:54,475
in not getting innocent
people into trouble.
1685
01:22:54,509 --> 01:22:56,310
You're trying
to protect your friend.
1686
01:22:56,344 --> 01:22:57,578
Who's protecting you?
1687
01:22:57,612 --> 01:22:59,014
Well, you could.
1688
01:22:59,047 --> 01:23:00,381
If you gave me the name.
1689
01:23:00,414 --> 01:23:02,350
If you order me to, I'll do it.
1690
01:23:02,383 --> 01:23:03,417
That's a mistake, Robert.
1691
01:23:03,451 --> 01:23:05,286
You need to volunteer this name.
1692
01:23:06,121 --> 01:23:07,789
And did he
give you the name?
1693
01:23:07,823 --> 01:23:08,957
He did.
1694
01:23:08,991 --> 01:23:10,458
- But not then, did he?
- No.
1695
01:23:10,491 --> 01:23:11,970
No. In fact, it was some
months later, wasn't it?
1696
01:23:11,994 --> 01:23:13,896
It was.
1697
01:23:13,929 --> 01:23:15,030
You see me as persistent.
1698
01:23:15,063 --> 01:23:16,798
Well, you are...
1699
01:23:16,832 --> 01:23:18,666
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1700
01:23:18,699 --> 01:23:22,403
And-and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1701
01:23:22,436 --> 01:23:24,438
Instead of us
going on certain steps,
1702
01:23:24,472 --> 01:23:26,574
which may come to
your attention...
1703
01:23:27,943 --> 01:23:29,710
and be disturbing to you,
1704
01:23:29,744 --> 01:23:32,848
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1705
01:23:32,881 --> 01:23:34,382
I'm not formulating a plan.
1706
01:23:34,415 --> 01:23:36,751
I'll just have to
digest the whole thing.
1707
01:23:40,388 --> 01:23:43,091
In the months in
between your interview
1708
01:23:43,125 --> 01:23:46,761
with Dr. Oppenheimer and his
eventual naming of Chevalier,
1709
01:23:46,794 --> 01:23:48,096
did you expend resources
1710
01:23:48,130 --> 01:23:49,606
trying to find the name
of the intermediary?
1711
01:23:49,630 --> 01:23:52,100
Considerable resources, yes.
1712
01:23:52,134 --> 01:23:54,368
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1713
01:23:54,402 --> 01:23:55,838
And when did you
receive the name?
1714
01:23:55,871 --> 01:23:57,105
I was gone by the time
1715
01:23:57,139 --> 01:23:59,574
-Oppenheimer finally offered it up.
-Gone?
1716
01:23:59,607 --> 01:24:01,776
They felt my time would
be better spent in Europe
1717
01:24:01,810 --> 01:24:04,545
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1718
01:24:04,579 --> 01:24:05,746
Who did?
1719
01:24:06,849 --> 01:24:08,583
General Groves.
1720
01:24:08,616 --> 01:24:10,384
He transferred me to London.
1721
01:24:16,825 --> 01:24:18,927
It's a little early
for a Christmas party.
1722
01:24:18,961 --> 01:24:20,963
Something's up.
1723
01:24:20,996 --> 01:24:23,031
Tolman's been away.
1724
01:24:23,065 --> 01:24:24,765
Where?
1725
01:24:24,799 --> 01:24:26,367
Ruth won't tell.
1726
01:24:30,906 --> 01:24:31,907
Hey!
1727
01:24:36,078 --> 01:24:37,612
Come on, Ruthie.
1728
01:24:37,645 --> 01:24:39,714
Can't tell me, who can you tell?
1729
01:24:39,747 --> 01:24:42,483
Compartmentalization,
Oppie.
1730
01:24:42,516 --> 01:24:43,895
What makes you think I
know where he is anyway?
1731
01:24:43,919 --> 01:24:45,620
'Cause you
do a pretty good job
1732
01:24:45,653 --> 01:24:48,422
of knowing where Mr. Tolman
is when it counts.
1733
01:24:48,456 --> 01:24:49,992
Like now?
1734
01:24:50,025 --> 01:24:53,461
Attention!
1735
01:24:56,664 --> 01:24:58,599
Early Christmas
present for you all.
1736
01:25:06,674 --> 01:25:09,044
The British pilots
put me in the bomb bay.
1737
01:25:09,077 --> 01:25:11,079
Showed me the-the
oxygen, you know,
1738
01:25:11,113 --> 01:25:12,848
but I messed it up.
1739
01:25:12,881 --> 01:25:15,483
Uh, when they opened me up in
Scotland, I was unconscious.
1740
01:25:15,516 --> 01:25:17,718
But I pretended
I'd been napping.
1741
01:25:18,686 --> 01:25:20,122
Please enjoy your party.
1742
01:25:21,489 --> 01:25:22,790
Is
it big enough?
1743
01:25:22,824 --> 01:25:24,092
To end the war?
1744
01:25:24,126 --> 01:25:27,029
To end all war.
1745
01:25:29,865 --> 01:25:33,936
Uh, Heisenberg sought
me out in Copenhagen.
1746
01:25:33,969 --> 01:25:35,703
It was chilling,
1747
01:25:35,736 --> 01:25:37,772
my old student
working for the Nazis.
1748
01:25:37,806 --> 01:25:41,709
He told me some
things to draw me out.
1749
01:25:42,610 --> 01:25:45,948
Sustained fission
reactions in uranium.
1750
01:25:45,981 --> 01:25:48,183
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1751
01:25:48,216 --> 01:25:49,650
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1752
01:25:49,684 --> 01:25:51,954
He seemed more focused
on heavy water.
1753
01:25:51,987 --> 01:25:53,688
As a moderator?
1754
01:25:53,721 --> 01:25:55,090
Yes, instead of graphite.
1755
01:25:58,126 --> 01:25:59,493
What?
1756
01:25:59,527 --> 01:26:01,696
He took a wrong turn.
1757
01:26:01,729 --> 01:26:04,199
We're ahead. And with you
here to help us, Niels.
1758
01:26:04,232 --> 01:26:06,500
Sorry, could you...
1759
01:26:06,534 --> 01:26:09,470
could you give us a
moment, gentlemen?
1760
01:26:15,643 --> 01:26:18,180
I am not here to help, Robert.
1761
01:26:18,213 --> 01:26:20,115
I knew you could
do this without me.
1762
01:26:20,148 --> 01:26:21,249
Then why did you come?
1763
01:26:21,283 --> 01:26:22,717
To talk about after.
1764
01:26:22,750 --> 01:26:24,719
The power you're about to reveal
1765
01:26:24,752 --> 01:26:26,955
will forever outlive the Nazis.
1766
01:26:28,023 --> 01:26:29,623
And the world is not prepared.
1767
01:26:29,657 --> 01:26:31,059
"You could lift the stone
1768
01:26:31,093 --> 01:26:33,728
without being ready for
the snake that's revealed."
1769
01:26:33,761 --> 01:26:35,139
We have to make the
politicians understand,
1770
01:26:35,163 --> 01:26:37,265
this isn't a new weapon.
1771
01:26:37,299 --> 01:26:38,766
It's a new world.
1772
01:26:38,799 --> 01:26:42,170
I'll be out there doing
what I can, but you...
1773
01:26:42,204 --> 01:26:44,772
you're an American Prometheus.
1774
01:26:44,806 --> 01:26:47,042
The man who gave them the power
1775
01:26:47,075 --> 01:26:49,111
to destroy themselves,
1776
01:26:49,144 --> 01:26:50,778
and they'll respect that.
1777
01:26:50,812 --> 01:26:52,981
And your work really begins.
1778
01:26:56,918 --> 01:27:00,055
I'm sorry, Oppie,
but there's a call.
1779
01:27:01,189 --> 01:27:03,925
From San Francisco.
1780
01:27:10,198 --> 01:27:11,900
Robert!
1781
01:27:15,137 --> 01:27:16,670
Robert?
1782
01:27:17,339 --> 01:27:19,908
Robert. Robert.
1783
01:27:19,941 --> 01:27:22,144
God, what's the matter?
1784
01:27:22,177 --> 01:27:23,945
What happened?
1785
01:27:24,813 --> 01:27:26,747
Her father called.
1786
01:27:26,781 --> 01:27:28,917
They found her
yesterday in the bath.
1787
01:27:29,918 --> 01:27:31,053
Who?
1788
01:27:32,054 --> 01:27:34,056
She'd taken pills.
1789
01:27:34,089 --> 01:27:35,991
Left a note, not signed.
1790
01:27:36,992 --> 01:27:37,959
She took barbiturates,
1791
01:27:37,993 --> 01:27:39,928
but there was chloral
hydrate in her blood.
1792
01:27:43,298 --> 01:27:44,632
There was a note.
1793
01:27:44,665 --> 01:27:46,968
Jean Tatlock?
1794
01:27:52,740 --> 01:27:54,742
We were together.
1795
01:27:54,775 --> 01:27:57,578
She said she needed me. I...
1796
01:27:59,680 --> 01:28:02,616
I told her I... I
wouldn't...
1797
01:28:02,650 --> 01:28:04,286
I told her I couldn't...
1798
01:28:04,319 --> 01:28:05,987
No, it was... it was me.
1799
01:28:08,990 --> 01:28:11,093
You don't get to commit the sin
1800
01:28:11,126 --> 01:28:12,928
and then have us all
feel sorry for you
1801
01:28:12,961 --> 01:28:15,831
that it had consequences.
1802
01:28:17,899 --> 01:28:20,102
You pull yourself together.
1803
01:28:23,771 --> 01:28:25,907
You know, people
here depend on you.
1804
01:28:28,410 --> 01:28:29,878
Donald, would you like
1805
01:28:29,911 --> 01:28:30,988
to contribute here?
Please, help me out.
1806
01:28:31,012 --> 01:28:32,223
You're
on your own, pal.
1807
01:28:32,247 --> 01:28:33,357
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
1808
01:28:33,381 --> 01:28:34,715
because plutonium
is radioactive.
1809
01:28:34,748 --> 01:28:36,284
We just don't know
what it might do
1810
01:28:36,318 --> 01:28:38,053
to the female
reproductive system...
1811
01:28:38,086 --> 01:28:39,997
Your reproductive system is more
exposed than mine, presumably.
1812
01:28:40,021 --> 01:28:42,891
Can we please? The
implosion device is nowhere.
1813
01:28:42,924 --> 01:28:44,326
Hey, you can't rush everything.
1814
01:28:44,359 --> 01:28:45,903
- Oppie, please.
- Well, there's rushing
1815
01:28:45,927 --> 01:28:47,728
and there's getting on
with it, so pick one.
1816
01:28:47,761 --> 01:28:49,763
Wait. Neddermeyer's
doing his job.
1817
01:28:49,797 --> 01:28:50,731
Teller's not helping.
1818
01:28:50,764 --> 01:28:52,300
You're not helping.
1819
01:28:52,334 --> 01:28:53,734
I've been asking
for calculations
1820
01:28:53,767 --> 01:28:54,912
on the implosion
lenses for weeks.
1821
01:28:54,936 --> 01:28:56,404
The British can do it. Fuchs.
1822
01:28:56,438 --> 01:28:57,738
Absolutely.
1823
01:28:57,771 --> 01:28:59,141
It's your job, Teller.
1824
01:28:59,174 --> 01:29:00,976
I'm engaged in research.
1825
01:29:01,009 --> 01:29:03,677
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building.
1826
01:29:11,785 --> 01:29:13,155
I won't work for that man.
1827
01:29:14,923 --> 01:29:17,025
Let him go. He's a prima donna.
1828
01:29:17,058 --> 01:29:19,294
I agree. He
should leave Los Alamos.
1829
01:29:19,327 --> 01:29:20,829
Okay.
1830
01:29:20,862 --> 01:29:22,730
Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer.
1831
01:29:22,763 --> 01:29:24,166
Seth, I'm putting
you on plutonium.
1832
01:29:24,199 --> 01:29:27,302
Lilli, you go work for
Kisty. Because he needs you.
1833
01:29:27,335 --> 01:29:29,905
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1834
01:29:29,938 --> 01:29:32,307
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1835
01:29:32,340 --> 01:29:36,111
And no one is
leaving Los Alamos.
1836
01:29:50,358 --> 01:29:52,327
- They won't let me leave.
- No.
1837
01:29:52,360 --> 01:29:53,962
I won't let you leave.
1838
01:29:54,829 --> 01:29:57,933
Forget Hans. Forget fission.
1839
01:29:57,966 --> 01:30:01,102
Stay here, research
what you want.
1840
01:30:01,136 --> 01:30:03,737
Fusion, the hydrogen
bomb, whatever.
1841
01:30:03,771 --> 01:30:04,940
We'll meet to discuss.
1842
01:30:04,973 --> 01:30:06,441
You don't have time to meet.
1843
01:30:06,474 --> 01:30:08,043
You're a politician now, Robert.
1844
01:30:08,076 --> 01:30:10,711
You've left physics behind
many, many years ago.
1845
01:30:11,546 --> 01:30:13,348
Once a week.
1846
01:30:13,381 --> 01:30:15,250
One hour. You and me.
1847
01:30:20,422 --> 01:30:22,991
Now raise this fucking barrier.
1848
01:30:26,928 --> 01:30:29,364
So the Super
was under development
1849
01:30:29,397 --> 01:30:31,366
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1850
01:30:31,399 --> 01:30:32,901
Yes.
1851
01:30:32,934 --> 01:30:34,802
And yet, after the war,
1852
01:30:34,836 --> 01:30:36,438
you tried to deny it was viable.
1853
01:30:36,471 --> 01:30:37,973
No, no, no. I...
1854
01:30:38,006 --> 01:30:39,841
I pointed out technical
difficulties with it.
1855
01:30:39,874 --> 01:30:41,519
You... Didn't you try to
kill it at the AEC meeting
1856
01:30:41,543 --> 01:30:43,111
- after the Russian bomb test?
- No.
1857
01:30:43,144 --> 01:30:45,247
But that was the
recommendation of the AEC,
1858
01:30:45,280 --> 01:30:47,549
- was it not?
- After hours of discussion
1859
01:30:47,582 --> 01:30:49,851
about the best response.
1860
01:30:49,884 --> 01:30:54,990
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1861
01:30:56,157 --> 01:30:59,928
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1862
01:30:59,961 --> 01:31:02,063
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
1863
01:31:02,097 --> 01:31:04,399
Izzy, draw some circles
on this side of the map
1864
01:31:04,432 --> 01:31:06,067
where they would target us.
1865
01:31:06,101 --> 01:31:08,136
- Starting with New York. D.C.
- That's fair.
1866
01:31:08,169 --> 01:31:10,939
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1867
01:31:10,972 --> 01:31:12,507
- Deterrence.
- "Deterrence"?
1868
01:31:12,540 --> 01:31:14,142
Do we really need
more deterrence
1869
01:31:14,175 --> 01:31:16,578
than our current
arsenal of atomic bombs?
1870
01:31:16,611 --> 01:31:19,314
Y-You drown in ten feet
of water or-or 10,000,
1871
01:31:19,347 --> 01:31:21,025
what's the difference?
1872
01:31:21,049 --> 01:31:23,018
We can already drown
Russia. They know it.
1873
01:31:23,051 --> 01:31:25,329
- And now they can drown us.
- So we're just escalating...
1874
01:31:36,231 --> 01:31:39,067
As I said, Teller's
designs are still as
1875
01:31:39,100 --> 01:31:41,036
impractical as they
were during the war.
1876
01:31:41,069 --> 01:31:44,039
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie, you know that.
1877
01:31:44,072 --> 01:31:45,216
I don't believe we should commit
1878
01:31:45,240 --> 01:31:47,142
all our resources
to that chance.
1879
01:31:47,175 --> 01:31:50,045
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1880
01:31:50,078 --> 01:31:52,280
Simply by limiting the
spread of atomic weapons
1881
01:31:52,314 --> 01:31:55,617
through international
control on nuclear energy.
1882
01:31:55,650 --> 01:31:57,218
By which you mean
world government?
1883
01:31:57,252 --> 01:32:00,188
The United Nations as
Roosevelt intended.
1884
01:32:00,221 --> 01:32:03,124
Well, I... I asked what
Truman should do, right?
1885
01:32:03,158 --> 01:32:06,061
The world's changed, it's
not fascism but Communism
1886
01:32:06,094 --> 01:32:07,562
that now threatens our survival.
1887
01:32:07,595 --> 01:32:11,232
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1888
01:32:11,266 --> 01:32:14,135
the Russians will have no
choice but to build their own?
1889
01:32:14,169 --> 01:32:15,937
Could they be working
on one already?
1890
01:32:15,970 --> 01:32:18,473
Based on information gathered
from a spy at Los Alamos.
1891
01:32:18,506 --> 01:32:19,974
No spy at Los Alamos.
1892
01:32:20,008 --> 01:32:21,085
- Gentlemen.
- There wasn't?
1893
01:32:21,109 --> 01:32:22,344
Let's not get sidetracked.
1894
01:32:22,377 --> 01:32:24,079
I say we use this moment
1895
01:32:24,112 --> 01:32:25,523
to gain concessions
from the Russians
1896
01:32:25,547 --> 01:32:28,616
by committing that we will
not build a hydrogen bomb.
1897
01:32:28,650 --> 01:32:30,285
Thereby revealing its existence.
1898
01:32:30,318 --> 01:32:32,320
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1899
01:32:32,354 --> 01:32:33,955
All right.
1900
01:32:33,988 --> 01:32:36,091
At this point, I'd like
the committee members
1901
01:32:36,124 --> 01:32:40,061
to meet in privacy to
finalize our recommendations.
1902
01:32:41,196 --> 01:32:43,198
I'm just not sure you
want to go down this road.
1903
01:32:43,231 --> 01:32:45,500
Lewis, with respect, we
are the advisory committee,
1904
01:32:45,533 --> 01:32:47,302
we will give them our advice.
1905
01:32:47,335 --> 01:32:48,436
Good night.
1906
01:32:52,640 --> 01:32:56,911
Dr. Oppenheimer?
Hi. William Borden.
1907
01:32:56,945 --> 01:32:58,279
Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy?
1908
01:32:58,313 --> 01:32:59,514
Oh, yes, yes.
1909
01:32:59,547 --> 01:33:01,182
During the war, I was a pilot.
1910
01:33:02,317 --> 01:33:05,053
One night, flying
back from a raid,
1911
01:33:05,086 --> 01:33:07,989
I saw an amazing
sight like a meteor.
1912
01:33:09,190 --> 01:33:11,960
A V-2 rocket headed to England.
1913
01:33:11,993 --> 01:33:13,995
I can't help but
imagine what it will be
1914
01:33:14,028 --> 01:33:17,932
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1915
01:33:26,708 --> 01:33:28,052
Well, let's make sure
we're not the ones
1916
01:33:28,076 --> 01:33:29,377
to make that possible.
1917
01:33:36,084 --> 01:33:38,987
Oppie, I don't think you want
to go up against Strauss.
1918
01:33:39,020 --> 01:33:41,089
If we both speak,
they listen to me.
1919
01:33:41,122 --> 01:33:43,191
When you speak,
they hear a prophet.
1920
01:33:43,224 --> 01:33:45,193
When Strauss speaks,
they hear themselves.
1921
01:33:45,226 --> 01:33:47,028
They'll listen to a prophet.
1922
01:33:47,061 --> 01:33:50,331
A prophet can't be
wrong. Not once.
1923
01:33:50,365 --> 01:33:52,133
Didn't
you accuse Oppenheimer
1924
01:33:52,167 --> 01:33:54,068
of sabotaging the
development of the Super?
1925
01:33:54,102 --> 01:33:55,703
I was never one of those
1926
01:33:55,737 --> 01:33:59,007
to bandy around terms
like "sabotage."
1927
01:33:59,040 --> 01:34:01,009
But
Mr. Borden was?
1928
01:34:01,042 --> 01:34:02,310
As I understand it, possibly.
1929
01:34:02,343 --> 01:34:04,446
How was Mr. Borden
able to put together
1930
01:34:04,479 --> 01:34:05,747
such a detailed indictment?
1931
01:34:05,780 --> 01:34:07,315
He was no longer a
government employee,
1932
01:34:07,348 --> 01:34:09,984
yet he appears to have
had unlimited access
1933
01:34:10,018 --> 01:34:11,519
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1934
01:34:11,553 --> 01:34:14,456
Might Mr. Nichols have given
him access to the file?
1935
01:34:14,489 --> 01:34:16,391
Or someone else, at the AEC?
1936
01:34:16,424 --> 01:34:19,260
That's a very serious
accusation, Senator.
1937
01:34:19,294 --> 01:34:21,763
Is it your intention to
suggest that Dr. Oppenheimer
1938
01:34:21,796 --> 01:34:23,731
is disloyal to
the United States?
1939
01:34:23,765 --> 01:34:26,301
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
1940
01:34:26,334 --> 01:34:29,037
that he's loyal to
the United States.
1941
01:34:29,070 --> 01:34:30,514
I believe this. And
I shall believe it
1942
01:34:30,538 --> 01:34:33,341
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1943
01:34:33,374 --> 01:34:35,143
Do you or
do you not believe
1944
01:34:35,176 --> 01:34:37,545
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
1945
01:34:45,753 --> 01:34:47,388
And if I may,
1946
01:34:47,422 --> 01:34:50,225
when Hitler blew his
brains out in that bunker,
1947
01:34:50,258 --> 01:34:51,803
it's my humble opinion
that there is no need
1948
01:34:51,827 --> 01:34:53,294
for that bomb to
be seen anywhere
1949
01:34:53,328 --> 01:34:55,096
except for that test site.
1950
01:34:55,129 --> 01:34:57,131
But we at least
have to take a moment
1951
01:34:57,165 --> 01:34:59,167
to think about whether the means
1952
01:34:59,200 --> 01:35:01,469
justify the ends any
longer, because...
1953
01:35:03,805 --> 01:35:06,374
Germany is about to surrender.
1954
01:35:08,276 --> 01:35:11,613
It's no longer the enemy
who are the greatest threat
1955
01:35:11,646 --> 01:35:13,448
to mankind, it's our work.
1956
01:35:15,851 --> 01:35:18,586
Hitler's dead, it's true.
1957
01:35:20,288 --> 01:35:21,824
But the Japanese fight on.
1958
01:35:21,857 --> 01:35:23,525
Their defeat seems assured.
1959
01:35:23,558 --> 01:35:26,561
Not if you're a G.I.
preparing to invade.
1960
01:35:27,863 --> 01:35:29,163
We can end this war.
1961
01:35:29,197 --> 01:35:30,598
But
how do we justify
1962
01:35:30,632 --> 01:35:32,200
using this weapon
on human beings?
1963
01:35:35,236 --> 01:35:38,640
We're theorists, yes?
1964
01:35:38,673 --> 01:35:40,275
Yes. Yep.
1965
01:35:40,308 --> 01:35:44,345
We imagine a future and
our imaginings horrify us.
1966
01:35:45,413 --> 01:35:47,549
But they won't fear it
until they understand it,
1967
01:35:47,582 --> 01:35:50,485
and they won't understand
it until they've used it.
1968
01:35:50,518 --> 01:35:51,686
When the world learns
1969
01:35:51,719 --> 01:35:54,222
the terrible secret
of Los Alamos,
1970
01:35:54,255 --> 01:35:57,692
our work here will ensure a
peace mankind has never seen.
1971
01:35:57,725 --> 01:36:01,095
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1972
01:36:01,129 --> 01:36:03,164
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1973
01:36:08,269 --> 01:36:09,504
Progress?
1974
01:36:09,537 --> 01:36:12,307
Two years and a
billion dollars' worth?
1975
01:36:12,340 --> 01:36:14,108
Well, hard to put a price on it.
1976
01:36:14,142 --> 01:36:15,710
Not really, just
add up the bills.
1977
01:36:15,743 --> 01:36:17,445
"Rural free deliveries."
1978
01:36:17,478 --> 01:36:20,248
Eighty babies delivered
the first year.
1979
01:36:20,281 --> 01:36:22,617
This year, we've
had ten a month.
1980
01:36:22,650 --> 01:36:25,386
Birth control is a little out
of my jurisdiction, General.
1981
01:36:26,254 --> 01:36:28,590
- Clearly.
- General.
1982
01:36:33,561 --> 01:36:34,897
Head down, everyone.
1983
01:36:34,930 --> 01:36:37,098
Fuchs, head down.
1984
01:36:39,601 --> 01:36:40,768
Hmm?
1985
01:36:43,638 --> 01:36:45,373
That's the one.
1986
01:36:45,406 --> 01:36:48,309
Two viable bombs. I need a date.
1987
01:36:50,612 --> 01:36:52,447
September.
1988
01:36:52,480 --> 01:36:53,481
July.
1989
01:36:53,514 --> 01:36:55,450
That's the sweet
spot, gentlemen.
1990
01:36:55,483 --> 01:36:57,652
August.
1991
01:36:57,685 --> 01:36:59,420
July.
1992
01:36:59,454 --> 01:37:01,255
Test in July.
1993
01:37:01,289 --> 01:37:02,925
But I need my brother.
1994
01:37:07,295 --> 01:37:09,239
Frank knows the desert,
he's left politics behind,
1995
01:37:09,263 --> 01:37:11,699
he's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1996
01:37:18,673 --> 01:37:20,508
What do we call the test?
1997
01:37:21,609 --> 01:37:25,380
"Batter my heart,
three-person'd god."
1998
01:37:25,413 --> 01:37:26,514
What?
1999
01:37:27,883 --> 01:37:29,283
Trinity.
2000
01:37:36,959 --> 01:37:38,326
You insisted
2001
01:37:38,359 --> 01:37:39,670
on bringing on
your brother Frank,
2002
01:37:39,694 --> 01:37:41,305
- a known Communist.
- A former Communist.
2003
01:37:41,329 --> 01:37:43,765
You brought a known
former Communist
2004
01:37:43,798 --> 01:37:47,669
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
2005
01:37:47,702 --> 01:37:50,805
I knew my brother could
be trusted. Absolutely.
2006
01:37:50,839 --> 01:37:52,808
And you felt your
judgment was sound
2007
01:37:52,841 --> 01:37:54,676
on who on the team
could be trusted?
2008
01:37:55,677 --> 01:37:56,812
Fuchs, head down.
2009
01:37:56,845 --> 01:37:58,579
Okay, everybody ready?
2010
01:37:59,948 --> 01:38:01,884
Hmm?
2011
01:38:01,917 --> 01:38:03,685
Oh.
2012
01:38:06,822 --> 01:38:07,956
Oh.
2013
01:38:07,990 --> 01:38:09,724
Well, I hope you
learned something.
2014
01:38:09,757 --> 01:38:11,669
Yeah, we learned we're gonna
need to be a lot further away.
2015
01:38:11,693 --> 01:38:13,261
Well, figure it out. Fast.
2016
01:38:13,294 --> 01:38:14,963
We leave for Washington
in the morning.
2017
01:38:14,997 --> 01:38:17,198
We're gonna give them a date.
2018
01:38:31,345 --> 01:38:33,015
You're a long way
from Chicago, Leo.
2019
01:38:33,048 --> 01:38:34,549
If we don't act now,
2020
01:38:34,582 --> 01:38:36,293
they're going to use
this thing against Japan.
2021
01:38:36,317 --> 01:38:38,286
We booked a meeting with Truman,
2022
01:38:38,319 --> 01:38:39,587
but somebody killed it.
2023
01:38:39,620 --> 01:38:41,489
You're meeting the
Secretary of War.
2024
01:38:41,522 --> 01:38:43,691
Just because we're building it,
2025
01:38:43,725 --> 01:38:45,727
doesn't mean we get to
decide how it's used.
2026
01:38:45,760 --> 01:38:48,529
History will judge us, Robert.
2027
01:38:48,563 --> 01:38:51,867
In Chicago, we put
together a petition.
2028
01:38:51,900 --> 01:38:53,836
I'm not... I'm not
getting into that.
2029
01:38:58,907 --> 01:39:00,843
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relay them.
2030
01:39:00,876 --> 01:39:01,977
My concerns?
2031
01:39:02,010 --> 01:39:03,979
Germany's defeated.
2032
01:39:04,012 --> 01:39:05,780
Japan's not going
to hold out alone.
2033
01:39:05,814 --> 01:39:07,715
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
2034
01:39:07,749 --> 01:39:09,526
You and Einstein with
your letter to Roosevelt
2035
01:39:09,550 --> 01:39:12,353
- saying we could build a bomb.
- Against Germany.
2036
01:39:12,386 --> 01:39:15,323
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
2037
01:39:15,356 --> 01:39:16,500
Oppie,
you have to help.
2038
01:39:16,524 --> 01:39:17,826
Fermi's
in the meeting.
2039
01:39:17,860 --> 01:39:19,436
- Lawrence is in the meeting.
- They're not you.
2040
01:39:19,460 --> 01:39:21,629
You're the great
salesman of science.
2041
01:39:21,662 --> 01:39:24,265
You can convince
anyone of anything.
2042
01:39:24,967 --> 01:39:26,367
Even yourself.
2043
01:39:26,969 --> 01:39:28,369
'Scuse me.
2044
01:39:29,403 --> 01:39:32,673
The firestorm in Tokyo
killed 100,000 people.
2045
01:39:32,707 --> 01:39:34,509
Mostly civilians.
2046
01:39:34,542 --> 01:39:37,079
I worry about an America
where we do these things
2047
01:39:37,112 --> 01:39:38,847
and no one protests.
2048
01:39:38,881 --> 01:39:41,917
Pearl Harbor and three years of
brutal conflict in the Pacific
2049
01:39:41,950 --> 01:39:44,485
bought us a lot of latitude
with the American public.
2050
01:39:44,519 --> 01:39:46,554
Enough to
unleash the atomic bomb?
2051
01:39:46,587 --> 01:39:48,456
Uh, the A-bomb
might not cause
2052
01:39:48,489 --> 01:39:50,391
as much damage as
the Tokyo bombings.
2053
01:39:50,424 --> 01:39:51,793
What are we estimating?
2054
01:39:51,827 --> 01:39:54,662
In a medium-size city, uh,
2055
01:39:54,695 --> 01:39:56,098
20 or 30,000 dead.
2056
01:39:56,131 --> 01:39:57,933
Yes, but, uh,
2057
01:39:57,966 --> 01:40:01,003
don't underestimate the
psychological impact of a...
2058
01:40:01,036 --> 01:40:02,436
of an atomic explosion.
2059
01:40:02,470 --> 01:40:06,707
A pillar of fire
10,000 feet tall.
2060
01:40:06,741 --> 01:40:10,078
Deadly neutron effects for
a mile, in all directions,
2061
01:40:10,112 --> 01:40:13,015
from one single device.
2062
01:40:13,048 --> 01:40:15,383
Dropped from a
barely noticed B-29,
2063
01:40:15,416 --> 01:40:17,685
the atomic bomb will be
2064
01:40:17,718 --> 01:40:20,555
a terrible revelation
of divine power.
2065
01:40:20,588 --> 01:40:23,859
If that's true, it
would be definitive.
2066
01:40:23,892 --> 01:40:25,961
World War II would be over.
2067
01:40:25,994 --> 01:40:27,695
Our boys would come home.
2068
01:40:27,728 --> 01:40:28,864
Military targets?
2069
01:40:29,998 --> 01:40:32,667
Uh, there aren't any big enough.
2070
01:40:32,700 --> 01:40:38,472
Perhaps a vital war plant
with workers housed nearby.
2071
01:40:38,506 --> 01:40:40,843
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
2072
01:40:40,876 --> 01:40:43,045
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
2073
01:40:43,078 --> 01:40:44,679
and I'd be up in that plane.
2074
01:40:44,712 --> 01:40:47,916
But if we announce it
and it fails to go off,
2075
01:40:47,950 --> 01:40:50,651
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
2076
01:40:50,685 --> 01:40:53,788
Is there no way to
demonstrate a bomb to Japan
2077
01:40:53,822 --> 01:40:55,523
to provoke surrender?
2078
01:40:55,556 --> 01:40:58,626
We intend to demonstrate it
in the most unambiguous terms.
2079
01:40:58,659 --> 01:40:59,360
Twice.
2080
01:40:59,393 --> 01:41:01,462
Once to show the weapon's power
2081
01:41:01,495 --> 01:41:03,999
and a second to show that
we can keep doing this
2082
01:41:04,032 --> 01:41:05,533
until they surrender.
2083
01:41:05,566 --> 01:41:08,937
We have a list of 12
cities to choose from...
2084
01:41:08,971 --> 01:41:10,873
Sorry, 11.
2085
01:41:10,906 --> 01:41:12,607
I've taken Kyoto off the list
2086
01:41:12,640 --> 01:41:16,444
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
2087
01:41:16,477 --> 01:41:19,114
Also, my wife and I
honeymooned there.
2088
01:41:19,147 --> 01:41:20,648
It's a magnificent city.
2089
01:41:24,219 --> 01:41:25,921
Let me make this simple
for you, gentlemen.
2090
01:41:25,954 --> 01:41:28,456
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
2091
01:41:28,489 --> 01:41:30,926
the Japanese people
will not surrender
2092
01:41:30,959 --> 01:41:32,727
under any circumstances
2093
01:41:32,760 --> 01:41:36,164
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
2094
01:41:36,198 --> 01:41:39,167
Many lives will be lost,
American and Japanese.
2095
01:41:39,201 --> 01:41:41,435
The use of the atomic
bomb on Japanese cities
2096
01:41:41,469 --> 01:41:43,437
will save lives.
2097
01:41:43,471 --> 01:41:45,773
If we retain moral advantage.
2098
01:41:45,807 --> 01:41:47,943
- How so?
- Well, if we use this weapon
2099
01:41:47,976 --> 01:41:50,913
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat.
2100
01:41:50,946 --> 01:41:52,114
And we'll be in an arms race.
2101
01:41:52,147 --> 01:41:54,216
How open can we be
with the Soviets?
2102
01:41:54,249 --> 01:41:55,817
Secrecy won't
stop the Soviets
2103
01:41:55,851 --> 01:41:58,220
from becoming part
of the atomic world.
2104
01:41:58,253 --> 01:42:00,554
We've been told they
have no uranium.
2105
01:42:00,588 --> 01:42:01,789
You've been misinformed.
2106
01:42:01,823 --> 01:42:03,658
A Russian bomb is
a matter of time.
2107
01:42:03,691 --> 01:42:07,095
The program needs to continue
at full pace after the war.
2108
01:42:07,129 --> 01:42:09,730
Uh, Secretary
Stimson, if I may...
2109
01:42:09,764 --> 01:42:13,768
Not all scientists on the
project are in agreement.
2110
01:42:13,801 --> 01:42:16,671
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
2111
01:42:16,704 --> 01:42:18,615
- If you talk a scientist in...
- The Manhattan Project
2112
01:42:18,639 --> 01:42:20,008
has been plagued from the start
2113
01:42:20,042 --> 01:42:23,845
by certain scientists
of doubtful discretion
2114
01:42:23,879 --> 01:42:24,947
and uncertain loyalty.
2115
01:42:24,980 --> 01:42:27,215
One of them just tried to
meet with the president.
2116
01:42:27,249 --> 01:42:29,084
Now, we need these men,
2117
01:42:29,117 --> 01:42:30,651
but as soon as it's practical,
2118
01:42:30,685 --> 01:42:32,955
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
2119
01:42:32,988 --> 01:42:34,555
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
2120
01:42:35,690 --> 01:42:37,525
If a Russian
bomb is inevitable,
2121
01:42:37,558 --> 01:42:40,829
perhaps we should invite their
top scientists to Trinity.
2122
01:42:40,862 --> 01:42:43,165
President Truman
has no intention
2123
01:42:43,198 --> 01:42:44,765
of raising expectations
2124
01:42:44,799 --> 01:42:47,601
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
2125
01:42:47,635 --> 01:42:49,004
Informing him of
our breakthrough
2126
01:42:49,037 --> 01:42:50,647
and presenting it as
a means to win the war
2127
01:42:50,671 --> 01:42:53,574
need not make
unkeepable promises.
2128
01:42:53,607 --> 01:42:55,153
But the Potsdam peace
conference in July
2129
01:42:55,177 --> 01:42:57,079
will be President
Truman's last chance
2130
01:42:57,112 --> 01:42:59,247
to have that conversation.
2131
01:42:59,281 --> 01:43:01,183
Can you give us a
working bomb by then?
2132
01:43:02,150 --> 01:43:05,887
Absolutely. We will test
fire before the conference.
2133
01:43:10,624 --> 01:43:13,161
Ground zero
observation posts
2134
01:43:13,195 --> 01:43:14,662
at 10,000 yards
2135
01:43:14,695 --> 01:43:16,865
north, south and west.
2136
01:43:16,898 --> 01:43:20,202
- Where do we trigger from?
- Uh, south 10,000.
2137
01:43:20,235 --> 01:43:23,571
And base camp is ten
miles south, here.
2138
01:43:23,604 --> 01:43:26,540
And there's a further
observation post
2139
01:43:26,574 --> 01:43:28,743
on-on that hill 20 miles away.
2140
01:43:28,776 --> 01:43:31,746
What's that, Frank? Trigger
lines already went in.
2141
01:43:31,779 --> 01:43:35,283
The Air Force requested a
line of lights for their B-29.
2142
01:43:35,317 --> 01:43:37,752
What B-29? Our
bomb's on the tower.
2143
01:43:37,785 --> 01:43:39,154
They want
to use the test
2144
01:43:39,187 --> 01:43:41,023
to confirm a safe
operating distance.
2145
01:43:41,056 --> 01:43:42,290
That's risky.
2146
01:43:42,324 --> 01:43:43,959
Not as risky as
dropping one over Japan
2147
01:43:43,992 --> 01:43:45,769
and hoping that we were
right about the blast radius.
2148
01:43:45,793 --> 01:43:47,905
Don't let them slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
2149
01:43:47,929 --> 01:43:51,166
- The 15th? That's not...
- The 15th.
2150
01:43:51,199 --> 01:43:53,534
The 15th.
2151
01:43:54,635 --> 01:43:56,580
So I'll be here
at South Observation point
2152
01:43:56,604 --> 01:43:58,807
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
2153
01:43:58,840 --> 01:44:01,343
You'll all be
assigned to Base Camp,
2154
01:44:01,376 --> 01:44:04,578
West Observation
or Far Observation.
2155
01:44:14,222 --> 01:44:16,124
Whoa, whoa. Careful
with the knife.
2156
01:44:16,158 --> 01:44:18,592
There, carefully.
2157
01:44:19,693 --> 01:44:21,229
Are those safe distances?
2158
01:44:21,263 --> 01:44:23,764
They're based on
your calculations.
2159
01:44:23,798 --> 01:44:26,700
Time to stand behind your
science, Hans. Literally.
2160
01:44:50,125 --> 01:44:51,592
Yeah.
2161
01:44:56,264 --> 01:44:58,100
What 'bout the radiation cloud?
2162
01:44:58,133 --> 01:44:59,367
Without high winds,
2163
01:44:59,401 --> 01:45:00,978
it should settle within
two to three miles.
2164
01:45:01,002 --> 01:45:03,405
Evacuation measures
are in place.
2165
01:45:03,438 --> 01:45:05,240
But we need good
weather for visibility,
2166
01:45:05,273 --> 01:45:06,740
so it has to be fine.
2167
01:45:07,843 --> 01:45:09,111
Everybody out.
2168
01:45:19,287 --> 01:45:20,431
We go on the night of the 15th.
2169
01:45:20,455 --> 01:45:22,390
It's a hard deadline,
2170
01:45:22,424 --> 01:45:25,726
so if anyone has
anything, speak now.
2171
01:45:26,428 --> 01:45:27,761
Okay, stop, stop.
2172
01:45:27,795 --> 01:45:29,663
Everybody, mattresses.
2173
01:45:29,697 --> 01:45:31,765
Put the mattress underneath.
2174
01:45:48,749 --> 01:45:51,652
Could use a final
implosion test.
2175
01:45:52,354 --> 01:45:54,322
It couldn't hurt.
2176
01:45:54,356 --> 01:45:55,857
Do it.
2177
01:45:56,825 --> 01:45:59,127
Is there anything else
that might stop us?
2178
01:46:33,228 --> 01:46:36,131
It's happening, isn't it?
2179
01:46:37,232 --> 01:46:39,000
I'll send a message.
2180
01:46:39,868 --> 01:46:42,504
If it's gone our way,
2181
01:46:42,537 --> 01:46:44,105
take in the sheets.
2182
01:46:48,143 --> 01:46:49,177
Robert?
2183
01:46:51,846 --> 01:46:53,281
Break a leg.
2184
01:47:59,848 --> 01:48:02,984
Oppie's taken a very
modest three kilotons.
2185
01:48:03,018 --> 01:48:05,387
- Teller's in with 45.
- 20.
2186
01:48:05,420 --> 01:48:07,856
Twenty thousand tons of TNT,
2187
01:48:07,889 --> 01:48:09,291
and does anyone
want the side action
2188
01:48:09,324 --> 01:48:12,060
on atmospheric ignition?
2189
01:48:13,028 --> 01:48:15,964
Are you saying
we'll have to delay?
2190
01:48:15,997 --> 01:48:17,174
I'm saying it would be prudent.
2191
01:48:17,198 --> 01:48:18,442
This weather, has
it reached the site?
2192
01:48:24,272 --> 01:48:26,250
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
2193
01:48:26,274 --> 01:48:27,909
Hello, Hans.
2194
01:48:27,942 --> 01:48:29,344
Yes, he's here.
2195
01:48:30,178 --> 01:48:31,513
Yes.
2196
01:48:34,082 --> 01:48:35,283
- Is he wrong?
- No.
2197
01:48:35,317 --> 01:48:37,218
- No?
- No.
2198
01:48:38,053 --> 01:48:39,621
So we're about to fire a dud?
2199
01:48:39,654 --> 01:48:41,122
- No.
- Explain.
2200
01:48:41,156 --> 01:48:43,925
Well, I can't. I
just... I-I just know.
2201
01:48:43,958 --> 01:48:45,627
I know the implosion
lenses will work.
2202
01:48:45,660 --> 01:48:47,062
If we fire these detonators
2203
01:48:47,095 --> 01:48:48,339
and they don't
trigger a reaction,
2204
01:48:48,363 --> 01:48:50,031
two years' worth of plutonium
2205
01:48:50,065 --> 01:48:51,475
will be scattered
across White Sands.
2206
01:48:51,499 --> 01:48:55,403
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
2207
01:48:55,437 --> 01:48:57,439
Jesus.
2208
01:49:02,510 --> 01:49:05,647
The wind's picking
up at zero, not the rain.
2209
01:49:05,680 --> 01:49:07,115
Lightning's circling.
2210
01:49:07,148 --> 01:49:08,592
You think it might be
time to tell your men
2211
01:49:08,616 --> 01:49:11,519
to get away from the steel
tower with the atomic bomb?
2212
01:49:14,656 --> 01:49:16,624
Let's get to South Observation.
2213
01:49:16,658 --> 01:49:18,126
Pull 'em out.
2214
01:49:18,159 --> 01:49:19,570
We can make our
determination there.
2215
01:49:24,966 --> 01:49:26,968
The team hasn't
slept in two nights.
2216
01:49:27,001 --> 01:49:29,003
If we stand down,
make the bomb safe,
2217
01:49:29,037 --> 01:49:30,372
we won't be back here for weeks.
2218
01:49:30,405 --> 01:49:32,073
Then we'll miss Potsdam.
2219
01:49:32,107 --> 01:49:34,008
I gotta get word
to Truman by 7:00.
2220
01:49:34,042 --> 01:49:35,276
Our window's closing.
2221
01:49:35,310 --> 01:49:36,378
What is this doing?
2222
01:49:36,411 --> 01:49:37,912
Raining, blowing, lightning.
2223
01:49:37,946 --> 01:49:39,981
- For how long, damn it?
- It's holdin' strong.
2224
01:49:40,014 --> 01:49:41,316
It'll break before dawn.
2225
01:49:41,349 --> 01:49:43,027
- How could you know that?
- I know this desert.
2226
01:49:43,051 --> 01:49:44,152
Storm cools overnight.
2227
01:49:44,185 --> 01:49:45,987
Just before dawn,
the storm breaks.
2228
01:49:46,020 --> 01:49:48,223
He could be right, but
schedule as late as possible.
2229
01:49:48,256 --> 01:49:49,991
5:30!
2230
01:49:50,024 --> 01:49:51,059
Sign your forecast.
2231
01:49:51,092 --> 01:49:52,169
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
2232
01:49:52,193 --> 01:49:53,995
Frank, tell them all, 5:30.
2233
01:49:54,028 --> 01:49:56,164
- 5:30, 5:30.
- 5:30.
2234
01:49:58,366 --> 01:50:03,304
Three years, 4,000
people, $2 billion.
2235
01:50:03,338 --> 01:50:05,707
Well, if it doesn't
go off...
2236
01:50:05,740 --> 01:50:07,342
we're both finished.
2237
01:50:10,111 --> 01:50:12,080
I'm betting on three kilotons.
2238
01:50:13,047 --> 01:50:14,492
Anything less, they
won't get what it is.
2239
01:50:14,516 --> 01:50:19,087
What did Fermi mean by
"atmospheric ignition"?
2240
01:50:19,120 --> 01:50:20,598
Well, we had a moment
where it looked like
2241
01:50:20,622 --> 01:50:24,459
the chain reaction from an
atomic device might never stop.
2242
01:50:25,693 --> 01:50:27,729
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
2243
01:50:27,762 --> 01:50:29,731
Why is Fermi still
taking side bets on it?
2244
01:50:29,764 --> 01:50:32,934
Call it gallows humor.
2245
01:50:35,270 --> 01:50:38,072
Wait, are we saying
there's a chance
2246
01:50:38,106 --> 01:50:39,974
that when we push that button,
2247
01:50:40,008 --> 01:50:41,342
we destroy the world?
2248
01:50:41,376 --> 01:50:43,545
Nothing in our research
over three years
2249
01:50:43,578 --> 01:50:45,213
supports that conclusion.
2250
01:50:45,246 --> 01:50:48,216
Except as the most
remote possibility.
2251
01:50:48,249 --> 01:50:49,584
How remote?
2252
01:50:49,617 --> 01:50:51,219
Chances are near zero.
2253
01:50:52,554 --> 01:50:53,955
Near zero?
2254
01:50:54,722 --> 01:50:57,292
What do you want
from theory alone?
2255
01:50:58,793 --> 01:51:01,162
Zero would be nice.
2256
01:51:04,466 --> 01:51:06,100
In exactly
2257
01:51:06,134 --> 01:51:09,437
one hour, 58 minutes,
2258
01:51:09,471 --> 01:51:11,005
we'll know.
2259
01:51:17,045 --> 01:51:18,246
It's letting up.
2260
01:51:31,125 --> 01:51:33,495
The arming party's left Zero,
they're heading this way.
2261
01:51:33,528 --> 01:51:34,496
Throwing the switches.
2262
01:51:34,529 --> 01:51:35,630
Turn the cars.
2263
01:51:35,663 --> 01:51:38,132
Ready for emergency evacuation.
2264
01:51:55,818 --> 01:51:57,058
Welder's glass.
2265
01:51:57,085 --> 01:51:58,653
Everybody take your places.
2266
01:51:58,686 --> 01:52:01,189
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2267
01:52:02,690 --> 01:52:04,559
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2268
01:52:55,777 --> 01:52:57,178
Twenty minutes.
2269
01:53:00,682 --> 01:53:02,517
Twenty minutes.
2270
01:53:13,695 --> 01:53:15,229
That's 20.
2271
01:53:18,232 --> 01:53:19,701
On the leg, please.
2272
01:53:21,235 --> 01:53:23,738
- Feynman.
- No.
2273
01:53:23,771 --> 01:53:25,740
The glass. Stops the U.V.
2274
01:53:25,773 --> 01:53:27,575
And what stops the glass?
2275
01:53:28,576 --> 01:53:31,546
I'm gonna head to base
camp. Best of luck.
2276
01:53:32,680 --> 01:53:34,215
Robert.
2277
01:53:34,817 --> 01:53:36,651
Try not to blow up the world.
2278
01:53:48,529 --> 01:53:49,631
Watch that needle.
2279
01:53:49,664 --> 01:53:51,232
If the detonators don't charge
2280
01:53:51,265 --> 01:53:53,201
or the voltage drops
below one volt,
2281
01:53:53,234 --> 01:53:55,236
you hit that button, you abort.
2282
01:53:55,269 --> 01:53:57,572
- Understood?
- Understood.
2283
01:54:04,980 --> 01:54:07,515
Two
minutes to detonation.
2284
01:54:07,548 --> 01:54:09,517
Everybody down.
2285
01:54:09,550 --> 01:54:10,518
Do not turn around
2286
01:54:10,551 --> 01:54:13,621
until you see light
reflected on the hills.
2287
01:54:13,655 --> 01:54:14,789
Then look at the explosion
2288
01:54:14,823 --> 01:54:16,457
only through your
welder's glass.
2289
01:54:16,491 --> 01:54:19,193
Ninety
seconds to detonation.
2290
01:54:20,829 --> 01:54:23,665
Ninety seconds to detonation.
2291
01:54:23,698 --> 01:54:25,800
Is it rubbed in?
2292
01:54:25,834 --> 01:54:27,201
Yeah.
2293
01:54:33,541 --> 01:54:36,644
Sixty
seconds to detonation.
2294
01:54:51,325 --> 01:54:53,561
These things are
hard on your heart.
2295
01:54:53,594 --> 01:54:55,296
Thirty seconds.
2296
01:55:00,401 --> 01:55:01,803
Detonators charged.
2297
01:55:11,947 --> 01:55:15,416
Seventeen, sixteen,
2298
01:55:15,450 --> 01:55:16,617
fifteen,
2299
01:55:16,651 --> 01:55:17,820
fourteen,
2300
01:55:17,853 --> 01:55:19,654
thirteen,
2301
01:55:19,687 --> 01:55:21,857
twelve,
2302
01:55:21,890 --> 01:55:23,558
eleven,
2303
01:55:23,591 --> 01:55:25,560
ten,
2304
01:55:25,593 --> 01:55:27,996
nine,
2305
01:55:28,030 --> 01:55:29,998
eight,
2306
01:55:30,032 --> 01:55:32,600
seven,
2307
01:55:32,633 --> 01:55:35,003
six...
2308
01:55:35,037 --> 01:55:36,504
five...
2309
01:55:38,506 --> 01:55:40,976
four...
2310
01:55:41,009 --> 01:55:42,945
three...
2311
01:55:42,978 --> 01:55:44,512
two...
2312
01:55:45,814 --> 01:55:46,882
one.
2313
01:56:08,402 --> 01:56:10,338
Poof.
2314
01:57:19,141 --> 01:57:22,510
"And now
I am become Death.
2315
01:57:24,412 --> 01:57:26,581
The destroyer of worlds."
2316
01:57:59,580 --> 01:58:00,949
It worked.
2317
01:58:36,184 --> 01:58:38,186
- You owe me ten dollars!
- Oh!
2318
01:58:40,521 --> 01:58:41,656
- Come on!
- Hang on.
2319
01:58:41,689 --> 01:58:43,125
I'm good for it, Kisty.
2320
01:58:43,158 --> 01:58:45,459
You are.
2321
01:58:45,493 --> 01:58:48,196
Yes, you are!
2322
01:59:12,287 --> 01:59:13,822
Well done.
2323
01:59:15,523 --> 01:59:18,060
We did it! We did it!
2324
01:59:18,093 --> 01:59:19,995
Well done.
2325
01:59:24,799 --> 01:59:26,634
- Get me Potsdam right away.
- Yes, sir.
2326
01:59:38,113 --> 01:59:39,881
Get a message to Kitty.
2327
01:59:39,915 --> 01:59:40,614
We can't say anything.
2328
01:59:40,648 --> 01:59:42,583
Tell her to take in the sheets.
2329
01:59:50,591 --> 01:59:52,127
We did it, everyone!
2330
01:59:56,999 --> 01:59:58,799
Hello?
2331
01:59:58,834 --> 02:00:01,269
- Hi, Kitty?
- What, what? Charlotte...
2332
02:00:01,303 --> 02:00:02,670
Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead.
2333
02:00:02,703 --> 02:00:04,072
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
2334
02:00:04,106 --> 02:00:07,309
he just said to tell you
to "bring in the sheets."
2335
02:00:10,012 --> 02:00:11,579
Kitty?
2336
02:00:12,680 --> 02:00:15,117
Kitty? Kitty, are
you still there?
2337
02:00:22,024 --> 02:00:24,159
If they detonate
it too high in the air,
2338
02:00:24,192 --> 02:00:25,559
the blast won't be as powerful.
2339
02:00:25,593 --> 02:00:27,628
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
2340
02:00:27,661 --> 02:00:29,697
we'll take it from here.
2341
02:00:39,941 --> 02:00:42,844
Did Truman brief
Stalin at Potsdam?
2342
02:00:42,878 --> 02:00:45,613
A brief would be
an overstatement.
2343
02:00:45,646 --> 02:00:49,717
He referred to a
powerful new weapon.
2344
02:00:49,750 --> 02:00:54,823
Stalin hoped we'd
use it against Japan.
2345
02:00:56,058 --> 02:00:57,792
That's it?
2346
02:00:57,826 --> 02:01:01,063
Robert, we've given them an ace,
it's for them to play the hand.
2347
02:01:03,198 --> 02:01:05,300
You're aiming for the 6th?
2348
02:01:05,333 --> 02:01:07,635
It's up to the CO
in the Pacific.
2349
02:01:08,970 --> 02:01:11,039
Shall I come with
you to Washington?
2350
02:01:12,640 --> 02:01:13,875
What for?
2351
02:01:16,144 --> 02:01:17,745
Well, you'll keep me informed.
2352
02:01:19,081 --> 02:01:20,714
Of course.
2353
02:01:22,284 --> 02:01:23,885
As best I can.
2354
02:01:41,303 --> 02:01:44,172
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
2355
02:01:45,407 --> 02:01:47,008
I don't know.
2356
02:01:49,411 --> 02:01:51,413
Have you seen
Szilard's petition?
2357
02:01:51,446 --> 02:01:54,182
What the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
2358
02:01:54,216 --> 02:01:55,426
You're not signing it, are you?
2359
02:01:55,450 --> 02:01:58,854
Many people have. A
lot of people have.
2360
02:01:58,887 --> 02:02:00,021
Edward.
2361
02:02:01,289 --> 02:02:02,958
The fact that we built this bomb
2362
02:02:02,991 --> 02:02:05,994
does not give us any more...
any more right or responsibility
2363
02:02:06,027 --> 02:02:08,130
to decide how it's
used than anyone else.
2364
02:02:08,163 --> 02:02:10,165
But we're the only
people who know about it.
2365
02:02:10,198 --> 02:02:13,767
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
2366
02:02:13,801 --> 02:02:15,203
But what's your opinion?
2367
02:02:16,438 --> 02:02:17,973
Once it's used...
2368
02:02:19,074 --> 02:02:22,776
nuclear war, perhaps all war...
2369
02:02:24,379 --> 02:02:25,814
becomes unthinkable.
2370
02:02:25,847 --> 02:02:28,850
Until somebody
builds a bigger bomb.
2371
02:02:49,437 --> 02:02:51,173
I thought they would call.
2372
02:02:51,206 --> 02:02:52,773
It's only the 5th.
2373
02:02:54,943 --> 02:02:56,945
In Japan, it's the 6th.
2374
02:03:10,091 --> 02:03:11,092
Charlotte.
2375
02:03:13,428 --> 02:03:15,130
Try Groves.
2376
02:03:16,131 --> 02:03:17,199
Anything?
2377
02:03:19,501 --> 02:03:20,869
Charlotte?
2378
02:03:20,902 --> 02:03:22,204
Truman's
on the radio.
2379
02:03:23,138 --> 02:03:26,041
Sixteen hours ago,
2380
02:03:26,074 --> 02:03:31,980
an American airplane dropped
one bomb on Hiroshima...
2381
02:03:33,014 --> 02:03:36,151
and destroyed its
usefulness to the enemy.
2382
02:03:38,119 --> 02:03:43,992
The bomb had more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
2383
02:03:45,460 --> 02:03:47,929
It is an atomic bomb.
2384
02:03:51,132 --> 02:03:52,500
It is a harnessing
2385
02:03:52,534 --> 02:03:55,303
of the basic powers
of the universe.
2386
02:03:57,339 --> 02:03:58,974
Groves on one.
2387
02:03:59,007 --> 02:04:02,043
We are now prepared
to destroy more rapidly
2388
02:04:02,077 --> 02:04:04,379
and completely the Japanese...
2389
02:04:04,412 --> 02:04:06,081
General?
2390
02:04:06,114 --> 02:04:09,150
I'm very proud of
you and all of your people.
2391
02:04:09,184 --> 02:04:10,518
It went all right?
2392
02:04:10,552 --> 02:04:13,521
Apparently, it went
with a tremendous bang.
2393
02:04:13,555 --> 02:04:15,190
Well,
2394
02:04:15,223 --> 02:04:18,159
everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
2395
02:04:19,594 --> 02:04:21,229
It's been a long road.
2396
02:04:21,263 --> 02:04:24,065
I think one of the
wisest things I ever did
2397
02:04:24,099 --> 02:04:27,135
was when I selected the
director of Los Alamos.
2398
02:04:29,504 --> 02:04:31,840
We have spent
2399
02:04:31,873 --> 02:04:33,875
more than $2 billion
2400
02:04:33,908 --> 02:04:38,146
on the greatest scientific
gamble in history,
2401
02:04:38,179 --> 02:04:41,016
and we have won.
2402
02:04:44,552 --> 02:04:47,255
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2403
02:04:47,289 --> 02:04:49,291
Oppie! Oppie!
2404
02:04:49,324 --> 02:04:52,527
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2405
02:04:52,560 --> 02:04:54,396
Oppie! Oppie!
2406
02:04:54,429 --> 02:04:57,198
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2407
02:04:57,232 --> 02:05:00,568
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2408
02:05:00,602 --> 02:05:05,206
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2409
02:05:05,240 --> 02:05:06,574
Oppie! Oppie!
2410
02:05:06,608 --> 02:05:09,177
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2411
02:06:08,269 --> 02:06:09,371
The world...
2412
02:06:11,373 --> 02:06:12,507
will remember this day.
2413
02:06:31,426 --> 02:06:33,161
It's too soon to...
2414
02:06:34,028 --> 02:06:35,697
It's too soon to determine
2415
02:06:35,730 --> 02:06:38,099
what the results
of the bombing are.
2416
02:06:41,035 --> 02:06:42,637
But I'll bet the
Japanese didn't like it.
2417
02:07:03,525 --> 02:07:05,059
I'm so proud.
2418
02:07:06,194 --> 02:07:08,329
So proud of what you
have accomplished.
2419
02:07:14,636 --> 02:07:18,473
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2420
02:09:08,316 --> 02:09:10,184
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2421
02:09:10,785 --> 02:09:13,087
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2422
02:09:13,121 --> 02:09:14,789
- Nice picture.
- Oh.
2423
02:09:14,823 --> 02:09:17,158
President Truman
will see you now.
2424
02:09:30,873 --> 02:09:33,708
Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor.
2425
02:09:33,741 --> 02:09:35,677
- Mr. President.
- Please.
2426
02:09:35,710 --> 02:09:37,512
Thank you.
2427
02:09:37,545 --> 02:09:39,080
Secretary Byrnes.
2428
02:09:40,281 --> 02:09:42,283
How's it feel to be
2429
02:09:42,317 --> 02:09:44,352
the most famous
man in the world?
2430
02:09:45,353 --> 02:09:48,423
You helped save a lot
of American lives.
2431
02:09:48,456 --> 02:09:50,826
What we did at
Hiroshima was a...
2432
02:09:50,859 --> 02:09:52,794
And Nagasaki.
2433
02:09:52,828 --> 02:09:54,830
Well, obviously.
2434
02:09:54,863 --> 02:09:58,800
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2435
02:09:58,834 --> 02:10:02,203
Well, it was hardly
my invention.
2436
02:10:02,236 --> 02:10:04,505
It was you on the cover of
Time.
2437
02:10:07,375 --> 02:10:08,911
Jim tells me you're concerned
2438
02:10:08,944 --> 02:10:10,712
about an arms race
with the Soviets.
2439
02:10:10,745 --> 02:10:13,114
Uh, yes, uh...
2440
02:10:13,816 --> 02:10:15,316
Well, um,
2441
02:10:15,350 --> 02:10:20,455
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure
2442
02:10:20,488 --> 02:10:23,358
international cooperation on
atomic energy,
2443
02:10:23,391 --> 02:10:26,427
and... and I'm concerned...
2444
02:10:26,461 --> 02:10:28,696
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2445
02:10:28,730 --> 02:10:30,665
I don't think I could give a...
2446
02:10:30,698 --> 02:10:32,101
Never.
2447
02:10:32,734 --> 02:10:34,369
Never.
2448
02:10:34,402 --> 02:10:37,572
Mr. President, the-the
Russians have good physicists
2449
02:10:37,605 --> 02:10:39,240
and-and... and
abundant resources.
2450
02:10:39,273 --> 02:10:41,376
- Abundant?
- Yes.
2451
02:10:41,409 --> 02:10:44,679
I don't think so.
2452
02:10:44,712 --> 02:10:48,249
Well, they'll-they'll put
everything they have and...
2453
02:10:51,519 --> 02:10:55,390
I hear you're
leaving Los Alamos.
2454
02:10:56,658 --> 02:10:57,759
What should we do with it?
2455
02:10:57,792 --> 02:11:00,294
Give it back to the Indians.
2456
02:11:07,702 --> 02:11:10,939
Um... Dr. Oppenheimer,
2457
02:11:10,973 --> 02:11:13,307
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2458
02:11:13,341 --> 02:11:16,744
we have to build up Los Alamos,
2459
02:11:16,778 --> 02:11:18,680
not shut it down.
2460
02:11:21,917 --> 02:11:23,718
Uh, Mr. President...
2461
02:11:24,786 --> 02:11:26,287
Um...
2462
02:11:28,957 --> 02:11:32,627
I feel that I have
blood on my hands.
2463
02:11:52,413 --> 02:11:57,719
You think anyone in
Hiroshima or Nagasaki
2464
02:11:57,752 --> 02:12:00,788
gives a shit who built the bomb?
2465
02:12:03,959 --> 02:12:06,327
They care who dropped it.
2466
02:12:07,029 --> 02:12:09,297
I did.
2467
02:12:10,531 --> 02:12:13,501
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2468
02:12:19,640 --> 02:12:21,776
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2469
02:12:32,720 --> 02:12:35,523
Don't let that
crybaby back in here.
2470
02:12:40,628 --> 02:12:43,664
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2471
02:12:43,698 --> 02:12:47,035
By the time I'd met
him, he'd fully embraced
2472
02:12:47,069 --> 02:12:49,637
his "father of the
bomb" reputation.
2473
02:12:49,670 --> 02:12:52,074
Used his profile to
influence policy.
2474
02:13:01,549 --> 02:13:02,927
Doctor, in the
years following the war,
2475
02:13:02,951 --> 02:13:05,087
would you say that you
exerted a great influence
2476
02:13:05,120 --> 02:13:06,922
on the atomic
policies of the USA?
2477
02:13:06,955 --> 02:13:09,657
I think great
would be an overstatement.
2478
02:13:09,690 --> 02:13:11,659
Really? If we look
at the issue of isotopes,
2479
02:13:11,692 --> 02:13:13,394
were you not
personally responsible
2480
02:13:13,427 --> 02:13:15,463
for destroying all
opposition to their export?
2481
02:13:15,496 --> 02:13:18,366
Could use a-a bottle of beer...
2482
02:13:18,399 --> 02:13:20,078
when making atomic
weapons. In fact, you do.
2483
02:13:20,102 --> 02:13:22,570
I was the spokesman,
but the-the opinion
2484
02:13:22,603 --> 02:13:24,405
among scientists was unanimous.
2485
02:13:24,438 --> 02:13:26,108
All along with
McCarthy on the rise,
2486
02:13:26,141 --> 02:13:27,542
he knew he was vulnerable.
2487
02:13:27,575 --> 02:13:28,944
His brother was blacklisted
2488
02:13:28,977 --> 02:13:31,880
by every university
in the country.
2489
02:13:32,981 --> 02:13:35,818
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2490
02:13:38,419 --> 02:13:39,855
And Chevalier went into exile.
2491
02:13:42,991 --> 02:13:44,425
But none of that
2492
02:13:44,458 --> 02:13:46,427
stopped Robert from
pushing the GAC
2493
02:13:46,460 --> 02:13:49,330
to recommend arms control
instead of the H-bomb.
2494
02:13:51,133 --> 02:13:52,600
He was devastated
2495
02:13:52,633 --> 02:13:54,702
when Truman rejected
their recommendation.
2496
02:13:56,437 --> 02:13:58,974
I miss Richard more
than I can bear.
2497
02:13:59,007 --> 02:14:00,775
I know, Ruth, I know.
2498
02:14:00,809 --> 02:14:03,912
Part of me's glad he didn't live
to see where this is all going.
2499
02:14:06,681 --> 02:14:08,116
Here comes
the birthday boy.
2500
02:14:08,150 --> 02:14:10,751
- To gloat.
- Have fun.
2501
02:14:11,752 --> 02:14:14,122
Robert, uh, my son and his
fiancée are desperate to meet
2502
02:14:14,156 --> 02:14:16,124
the father of the
atomic bomb, and so...
2503
02:14:16,158 --> 02:14:18,961
Well. Good day.
2504
02:14:25,033 --> 02:14:27,135
Is this a bad time?
2505
02:14:27,169 --> 02:14:28,669
What do you think, Lewis?
2506
02:14:28,703 --> 02:14:30,771
Well, I think it must
have been a blow for you.
2507
02:14:30,805 --> 02:14:32,941
For the world.
2508
02:14:32,975 --> 02:14:34,609
The world?
2509
02:14:34,642 --> 02:14:38,613
What does Fuchs mean to
the rest of the world?
2510
02:14:38,646 --> 02:14:40,048
Fuchs?
2511
02:14:40,082 --> 02:14:41,682
Klaus Fuchs?
2512
02:14:43,118 --> 02:14:45,519
Oh, dear. You haven't heard.
2513
02:14:48,689 --> 02:14:50,558
Klaus Fuchs, the British
scientist that you put
2514
02:14:50,591 --> 02:14:53,628
onto the implosion
team at Los Alamos,
2515
02:14:53,661 --> 02:14:55,796
turns out he was...
2516
02:14:55,831 --> 02:14:59,101
he was spying for the
Soviets the whole time.
2517
02:14:59,134 --> 02:15:00,668
I'm sorry.
2518
02:15:05,841 --> 02:15:08,743
After the truth
about Fuchs came out,
2519
02:15:08,776 --> 02:15:10,879
the FBI stepped up
surveillance on him.
2520
02:15:10,913 --> 02:15:14,782
He knew his phone was tapped,
he was followed everywhere...
2521
02:15:16,151 --> 02:15:17,585
his trash picked through.
2522
02:15:21,589 --> 02:15:23,058
But never stopped
speaking his mind.
2523
02:15:23,091 --> 02:15:25,760
A man of conviction.
2524
02:15:25,793 --> 02:15:28,629
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2525
02:15:30,132 --> 02:15:33,567
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2526
02:15:34,970 --> 02:15:36,004
He took it.
2527
02:15:36,038 --> 02:15:38,506
America and Russia
2528
02:15:38,539 --> 02:15:42,811
may be likened to two
scorpions in a bottle,
2529
02:15:42,844 --> 02:15:46,214
each capable of
killing the other
2530
02:15:46,248 --> 02:15:48,951
but only at the risk
of his own life.
2531
02:15:48,984 --> 02:15:51,752
Now, there are various
aspects of this policy...
2532
02:15:51,786 --> 02:15:53,788
Lot of
scientists blame me,
2533
02:15:53,822 --> 02:15:56,959
but how was I supposed
to protect him?
2534
02:15:56,992 --> 02:15:58,961
Too secret for discussion,
2535
02:15:58,994 --> 02:16:00,996
candor is the only remedy.
2536
02:16:01,029 --> 02:16:02,563
Officials in Washington
2537
02:16:02,596 --> 02:16:04,108
need to start leveling
with the American people.
2538
02:16:05,800 --> 02:16:08,636
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2539
02:16:08,669 --> 02:16:10,705
So he had to lose his
security clearance.
2540
02:16:10,738 --> 02:16:13,507
And with it, his credibility.
2541
02:16:13,541 --> 02:16:15,944
But how could they do it?
2542
02:16:15,978 --> 02:16:17,245
He was a war hero.
2543
02:16:17,279 --> 02:16:18,981
He'd already told
everyone about his past.
2544
02:16:19,014 --> 02:16:20,983
Borden dredged it all up.
2545
02:16:21,016 --> 02:16:24,252
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2546
02:16:24,286 --> 02:16:25,854
Could it have been Nichols?
2547
02:16:25,887 --> 02:16:28,190
No, I can't imagine
he'd do that.
2548
02:16:28,223 --> 02:16:30,258
But whoever did
unleashed a firestorm
2549
02:16:30,292 --> 02:16:32,294
that burned a path
from the White House
2550
02:16:32,327 --> 02:16:34,997
back to my desk at the AEC.
2551
02:16:35,030 --> 02:16:36,865
You see them in there, right?
2552
02:16:36,898 --> 02:16:40,768
I've been working my
whole life to get here.
2553
02:16:40,801 --> 02:16:42,838
Cabinet of the United
States of America.
2554
02:16:42,871 --> 02:16:44,805
Now, in front of
the entire country,
2555
02:16:44,840 --> 02:16:46,908
they're gonna put
me back in my place.
2556
02:16:48,343 --> 02:16:51,013
A lowly shoe salesman.
2557
02:16:51,046 --> 02:16:52,881
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2558
02:16:52,914 --> 02:16:54,983
I-I think we can get
the Senate to grasp
2559
02:16:55,017 --> 02:16:57,819
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2560
02:16:57,853 --> 02:16:59,620
Now, will Hill's
testimony back us up?
2561
02:16:59,653 --> 02:17:01,631
- Hill will be fine.
- I don't really know him,
2562
02:17:01,655 --> 02:17:03,825
but, uh, he was one of
Szilard's boys in Chicago,
2563
02:17:03,859 --> 02:17:05,894
and they never forgave
Robert for not supporting
2564
02:17:05,927 --> 02:17:08,330
their petition
against bombing Japan.
2565
02:17:08,363 --> 02:17:13,567
This was taken 31 days
after the bombing.
2566
02:17:13,601 --> 02:17:16,338
Virtually everyone
in the street,
2567
02:17:16,371 --> 02:17:18,606
for nearly a mile around,
2568
02:17:18,639 --> 02:17:21,843
was instantly and
seriously burned.
2569
02:17:23,078 --> 02:17:27,615
The, uh, Japanese spoke of
people who wore striped clothing
2570
02:17:27,648 --> 02:17:30,618
upon whom the skin
was burned in stripes.
2571
02:17:31,685 --> 02:17:34,056
There were many who
thought themselves lucky,
2572
02:17:34,089 --> 02:17:36,791
who climbed out of the
ruins of their homes
2573
02:17:36,825 --> 02:17:38,692
only slightly injured.
2574
02:17:39,828 --> 02:17:41,595
But they died anyway.
2575
02:17:42,264 --> 02:17:45,367
They died days or weeks later
2576
02:17:45,400 --> 02:17:48,736
from the radium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2577
02:17:48,769 --> 02:17:50,671
at the moment of the explosion.
2578
02:17:51,873 --> 02:17:53,942
Did you read this
crap in the papers?
2579
02:17:53,975 --> 02:17:56,777
A British physicist is
saying the atomic bombings
2580
02:17:56,812 --> 02:17:58,980
were not the last
act of World War II
2581
02:17:59,014 --> 02:18:02,150
but the first act of this
cold war with Russia.
2582
02:18:02,184 --> 02:18:03,651
Which physicist?
2583
02:18:03,684 --> 02:18:05,087
I think you knew him.
2584
02:18:05,120 --> 02:18:06,720
Patrick Blackett.
2585
02:18:09,191 --> 02:18:10,758
He may not be wrong.
2586
02:18:10,791 --> 02:18:12,127
Stimson is now telling me
2587
02:18:12,160 --> 02:18:15,397
we bombed an enemy that
was essentially defeated.
2588
02:18:15,430 --> 02:18:18,967
Robert, you've
all the influence now.
2589
02:18:19,000 --> 02:18:20,701
Please.
2590
02:18:20,734 --> 02:18:22,838
Urge them to continue my
research on the Super.
2591
02:18:22,871 --> 02:18:24,239
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2592
02:18:24,272 --> 02:18:26,374
Why not?
2593
02:18:26,408 --> 02:18:28,110
It's not the right
use of our resources.
2594
02:18:28,143 --> 02:18:30,245
Is that what you really believe?
2595
02:18:30,278 --> 02:18:32,646
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2596
02:18:32,680 --> 02:18:35,083
Sphinx-like guru of the atom.
2597
02:18:36,384 --> 02:18:38,153
Nobody knows what you believe.
2598
02:18:39,254 --> 02:18:41,123
Do you? Hmm?
2599
02:18:41,156 --> 02:18:43,859
One final time,
our program director,
2600
02:18:43,892 --> 02:18:45,861
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2601
02:18:47,062 --> 02:18:48,830
I hope that
in years to come
2602
02:18:48,864 --> 02:18:52,868
you will look back on
your work here with pride.
2603
02:18:52,901 --> 02:18:55,270
But today, that pride
must be tempered
2604
02:18:55,303 --> 02:18:57,638
with a profound concern.
2605
02:18:58,907 --> 02:19:00,708
If atomic weapons
are to be added
2606
02:19:00,741 --> 02:19:03,145
to the arsenals of
a warring world,
2607
02:19:03,178 --> 02:19:06,747
then the day will come
when people will curse
2608
02:19:06,780 --> 02:19:08,183
the name of Los Alamos.
2609
02:19:12,187 --> 02:19:14,289
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2610
02:19:14,322 --> 02:19:16,324
Stopped off to get this.
2611
02:19:16,358 --> 02:19:19,161
It seems pretty favorable.
2612
02:19:19,194 --> 02:19:20,304
There's Oppenheimer.
2613
02:19:20,328 --> 02:19:21,897
What's the caption?
2614
02:19:21,930 --> 02:19:24,765
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer,
Strauss fought..."
2615
02:19:26,334 --> 02:19:27,903
"and the US won."
2616
02:19:28,736 --> 02:19:30,005
That'll work.
2617
02:19:30,038 --> 02:19:32,274
Those were your words
from the other day.
2618
02:19:32,307 --> 02:19:33,707
We needed to pivot.
2619
02:19:33,741 --> 02:19:35,010
But how would you know
2620
02:19:35,043 --> 02:19:36,845
what
Time magazine's
gonna write?
2621
02:19:36,878 --> 02:19:39,114
Henry Luce is a friend.
2622
02:19:45,253 --> 02:19:48,756
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2623
02:19:48,789 --> 02:19:51,459
but you've been far
ahead all along.
2624
02:19:51,493 --> 02:19:54,462
Survival in Washington
2625
02:19:54,496 --> 02:19:56,831
is about knowing how
to get things done.
2626
02:19:57,465 --> 02:19:58,867
Right.
2627
02:20:00,468 --> 02:20:02,204
What was it you
said about Borden?
2628
02:20:02,237 --> 02:20:05,240
"Why get caught holding
the knife yourself?"
2629
02:20:07,075 --> 02:20:10,078
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2630
02:20:12,147 --> 02:20:14,382
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2631
02:20:14,416 --> 02:20:16,484
Borden's been able
to exert on Teller.
2632
02:20:16,518 --> 02:20:18,954
Did I say something funny?
2633
02:20:18,987 --> 02:20:20,355
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden"
2634
02:20:20,388 --> 02:20:24,159
when we all know
that it's Strauss.
2635
02:20:24,192 --> 02:20:26,161
Lewis brought me to
Princeton, Kitty.
2636
02:20:26,194 --> 02:20:28,897
And then you humiliated
him in front of Congress.
2637
02:20:28,930 --> 02:20:31,765
But more useful than a sandwich.
2638
02:20:34,936 --> 02:20:36,113
- How'd I do?
- I'll call recess,
2639
02:20:36,137 --> 02:20:37,239
ten minutes.
2640
02:20:37,272 --> 02:20:39,507
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2641
02:20:39,541 --> 02:20:40,774
That was six years ago.
2642
02:20:40,809 --> 02:20:42,510
You know, the truly vindictive,
2643
02:20:42,544 --> 02:20:44,145
patient as saints.
2644
02:20:44,179 --> 02:20:46,982
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2645
02:20:47,015 --> 02:20:50,518
Wake up. It is Strauss.
2646
02:20:50,552 --> 02:20:53,488
It's always been
Strauss, and you know it.
2647
02:20:53,521 --> 02:20:55,156
Why won't you fight him?
2648
02:20:56,191 --> 02:20:57,392
Christ's sake.
2649
02:20:58,493 --> 02:21:01,162
It wasn't Nichols or Hoover
2650
02:21:01,196 --> 02:21:02,864
or one of Truman's
guys. It was you.
2651
02:21:02,897 --> 02:21:04,866
You gave the file to Borden.
2652
02:21:04,899 --> 02:21:06,534
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2653
02:21:06,568 --> 02:21:09,004
- You convinced him to...
- Borden...
2654
02:21:09,037 --> 02:21:10,939
Didn't
take any convincing.
2655
02:21:10,972 --> 02:21:13,074
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2656
02:21:13,108 --> 02:21:16,011
Write up your conclusion,
send them to the FBI.
2657
02:21:16,044 --> 02:21:18,280
The material is
obviously extensive,
2658
02:21:18,313 --> 02:21:20,982
but there's nothing new here.
2659
02:21:21,016 --> 02:21:22,550
Your
conclusions will be.
2660
02:21:22,584 --> 02:21:24,886
And they'll have to be answered.
2661
02:21:24,919 --> 02:21:26,388
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2662
02:21:26,421 --> 02:21:30,025
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2663
02:21:30,058 --> 02:21:32,927
I've talked it over with Hoover,
he'll hold McCarthy at bay
2664
02:21:32,961 --> 02:21:34,562
while you do this with the AEC.
2665
02:21:34,596 --> 02:21:36,431
- A trial.
- No.
2666
02:21:36,464 --> 02:21:40,235
No trial. You can't give
Oppenheimer a platform.
2667
02:21:40,268 --> 02:21:42,037
You can't martyr him.
2668
02:21:42,070 --> 02:21:45,240
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility
2669
02:21:45,273 --> 02:21:48,843
so he can never again speak on
matters of national security.
2670
02:21:48,877 --> 02:21:50,945
Then what?
2671
02:21:52,147 --> 02:21:55,517
A shabby little room,
far from the limelight.
2672
02:22:01,956 --> 02:22:03,234
A simple
bureaucratic procedure.
2673
02:22:03,258 --> 02:22:05,894
His Q clearance
is up for renewal.
2674
02:22:05,927 --> 02:22:08,897
You send your
accusations to the FBI.
2675
02:22:10,532 --> 02:22:14,135
Hoover sends them to the
AEC, you're forced to act.
2676
02:22:14,969 --> 02:22:16,271
You write up an indictment
2677
02:22:16,304 --> 02:22:17,939
and tell Oppenheimer
2678
02:22:17,972 --> 02:22:20,642
his security clearance
is not being renewed.
2679
02:22:20,675 --> 02:22:22,210
But offer him the
chance to appeal.
2680
02:22:22,243 --> 02:22:24,579
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2681
02:22:24,612 --> 02:22:26,114
May I keep this?
2682
02:22:26,147 --> 02:22:27,082
No.
2683
02:22:27,115 --> 02:22:29,351
If you do decide to appeal,
2684
02:22:29,384 --> 02:22:30,919
they'll have to send you a copy.
2685
02:22:30,952 --> 02:22:34,189
When he appeals... and
trust me, he will...
2686
02:22:34,222 --> 02:22:36,624
I appoint a board.
2687
02:22:36,658 --> 02:22:39,127
They will, of
course, have counsel.
2688
02:22:39,160 --> 02:22:41,096
- Prosecutor?
- In all but name.
2689
02:22:41,129 --> 02:22:43,298
- Who?
- Roger Robb.
2690
02:22:43,331 --> 02:22:44,499
Ouch.
2691
02:22:44,532 --> 02:22:46,000
Robb will have
security clearance
2692
02:22:46,034 --> 02:22:47,569
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2693
02:22:47,602 --> 02:22:49,037
As will the Gray board.
2694
02:22:49,070 --> 02:22:50,438
Defense counsel will not.
2695
02:22:52,273 --> 02:22:53,675
A closed hearing.
2696
02:22:53,708 --> 02:22:54,952
The so-called
derogatory information
2697
02:22:54,976 --> 02:22:57,145
in your indictment of me.
2698
02:22:57,178 --> 02:22:59,647
No audience. No reporters.
2699
02:22:59,681 --> 02:23:03,151
- No burden of proof.
- No burden of proof?
2700
02:23:04,519 --> 02:23:06,020
We're not convicting.
2701
02:23:06,721 --> 02:23:09,324
We're just denying.
2702
02:23:14,295 --> 02:23:17,065
What is it you said?
2703
02:23:17,098 --> 02:23:20,435
"This is just how
the game is played."
2704
02:23:20,468 --> 02:23:23,438
Well, forgive my naivete.
2705
02:23:23,471 --> 02:23:25,440
Amateurs seek the sun.
2706
02:23:26,408 --> 02:23:27,475
Get eaten.
2707
02:23:28,543 --> 02:23:31,379
Power stays in the shadows.
2708
02:23:31,413 --> 02:23:35,116
But, sir, you're... you're
out of the shadows now.
2709
02:23:35,150 --> 02:23:36,584
Yeah, that's why
this has to work.
2710
02:23:36,618 --> 02:23:38,086
Well...
2711
02:23:39,387 --> 02:23:41,523
Teller's testifying
this morning.
2712
02:23:41,556 --> 02:23:43,958
That'll help. And then...
2713
02:23:43,992 --> 02:23:45,427
Hill is in the afternoon.
2714
02:23:45,460 --> 02:23:47,929
Hill is gonna help us too.
2715
02:23:50,165 --> 02:23:53,334
As you can see,
Robert, it's not yet signed.
2716
02:23:53,368 --> 02:23:54,402
May I keep this?
2717
02:23:54,436 --> 02:23:55,470
No.
2718
02:23:57,572 --> 02:23:59,574
If you do decide to appeal,
2719
02:23:59,607 --> 02:24:02,444
then they'll have
to send you a copy.
2720
02:24:06,014 --> 02:24:08,316
Take my car and
driver. I insist.
2721
02:24:13,054 --> 02:24:14,989
I'll have to consult
my lawyers, Lewis.
2722
02:24:15,023 --> 02:24:17,725
Of course. But
don't take too long.
2723
02:24:17,759 --> 02:24:19,961
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2724
02:24:26,100 --> 02:24:28,403
I'm sorry it's come
to this, Robert.
2725
02:24:28,436 --> 02:24:29,471
I think it's wrong.
2726
02:24:42,784 --> 02:24:44,219
Nichols
wants me to fight
2727
02:24:44,252 --> 02:24:46,254
so he can get it
all on the record.
2728
02:24:46,287 --> 02:24:48,156
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2729
02:24:48,189 --> 02:24:51,025
Strauss knows that
you can't do that,
2730
02:24:51,059 --> 02:24:53,495
you'd be accepting the charges.
2731
02:24:53,528 --> 02:24:55,196
You'll lose your job.
2732
02:24:55,230 --> 02:24:57,499
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2733
02:24:57,532 --> 02:25:00,235
Robert, we have to fight.
2734
02:25:02,804 --> 02:25:05,106
As AEC Counsel,
I can't represent you.
2735
02:25:05,139 --> 02:25:06,674
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2736
02:25:06,708 --> 02:25:08,243
Oh, he's good.
2737
02:25:08,276 --> 02:25:12,013
The best, but I
have to warn you...
2738
02:25:12,680 --> 02:25:15,116
this won't be a fair fight.
2739
02:25:15,149 --> 02:25:17,161
During your interview
2740
02:25:17,185 --> 02:25:19,654
with Boris Pash in 1943,
did you refer to microfilm?
2741
02:25:19,687 --> 02:25:21,189
- No.
- Tab 11,
2742
02:25:21,222 --> 02:25:22,666
page one, paragraph
three. You never said,
2743
02:25:22,690 --> 02:25:26,327
"Man at the consulate expert
in the use of microfilm"?
2744
02:25:26,361 --> 02:25:27,695
- I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
- No.
2745
02:25:27,729 --> 02:25:28,663
I would like to
know what document
2746
02:25:28,696 --> 02:25:30,131
Mr. Robb is quoting from
2747
02:25:30,164 --> 02:25:31,442
and if we might be
furnished with a copy.
2748
02:25:31,466 --> 02:25:33,535
The document is
classified, Mr. Garrison.
2749
02:25:33,568 --> 02:25:35,412
I think we should get back
to first-hand information.
2750
02:25:35,436 --> 02:25:36,804
This is first-hand.
2751
02:25:36,839 --> 02:25:39,107
How so, Roger?
2752
02:25:40,475 --> 02:25:42,310
There was a recording
of the interview.
2753
02:25:46,281 --> 02:25:48,182
You let
my client sit here
2754
02:25:48,216 --> 02:25:49,717
and potentially perjure himself,
2755
02:25:49,751 --> 02:25:52,287
and all this time,
you had a recording?
2756
02:25:52,320 --> 02:25:53,688
Nobody told your client
2757
02:25:53,721 --> 02:25:55,123
to misrepresent
his former answers.
2758
02:25:55,156 --> 02:25:57,225
Misrepre... It-it
was 12 years ago.
2759
02:25:57,258 --> 02:25:58,560
Can we hear this recording?
2760
02:25:58,593 --> 02:26:00,170
You don't have the
clearance, Mr. Garrison.
2761
02:26:00,194 --> 02:26:01,830
But you're reading
it into the record.
2762
02:26:01,864 --> 02:26:03,498
Please, please.
2763
02:26:03,531 --> 02:26:07,135
Is this proceeding interested
in entrapment or in truth?
2764
02:26:07,168 --> 02:26:09,604
If it's truth, where's
the disclosure?
2765
02:26:09,637 --> 02:26:11,272
Where's the witness list?
2766
02:26:11,306 --> 02:26:13,842
Mr. Garrison, this isn't a
trial, as you are well aware.
2767
02:26:13,876 --> 02:26:15,743
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
2768
02:26:15,777 --> 02:26:17,645
We are dealing with
national security.
2769
02:26:17,679 --> 02:26:19,180
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2770
02:26:19,213 --> 02:26:21,583
I fail to see how
national security
2771
02:26:21,616 --> 02:26:23,318
prevents the prosecution
from providing us
2772
02:26:23,351 --> 02:26:25,362
- with a list of witnesses.
- Perhaps we are in need
2773
02:26:25,386 --> 02:26:26,697
- of a brief recess.
- Gentlemen,
2774
02:26:26,721 --> 02:26:28,456
you have my words.
2775
02:26:28,489 --> 02:26:30,634
If you say they're from a
transcript, then I'll accept it.
2776
02:26:30,658 --> 02:26:33,428
I've already explained I made
up a cock-and-bull story.
2777
02:26:33,461 --> 02:26:36,798
But why would anyone make
up such an elaborate story?
2778
02:26:36,832 --> 02:26:38,901
Because I was an idiot.
2779
02:26:38,934 --> 02:26:40,535
Why lie?
2780
02:26:40,568 --> 02:26:43,171
Well, clearly with the
intention of not revealing
2781
02:26:43,204 --> 02:26:45,273
who the intermediary was.
2782
02:26:45,306 --> 02:26:47,342
Your friend, Haakon
Chevalier, the Communist.
2783
02:26:47,375 --> 02:26:49,644
Is he still your friend?
2784
02:26:49,677 --> 02:26:51,112
Yes.
2785
02:26:53,214 --> 02:26:56,150
Dr. Rabi,
thank you for coming.
2786
02:26:56,184 --> 02:26:57,896
Do you know who else the
prosecution has called?
2787
02:26:57,920 --> 02:27:00,254
Teller, obviously.
2788
02:27:01,222 --> 02:27:02,490
They've asked Lawrence.
2789
02:27:02,523 --> 02:27:03,358
What did he say?
2790
02:27:03,391 --> 02:27:06,294
He wasn't going to
help them, but...
2791
02:27:06,327 --> 02:27:07,261
But?
2792
02:27:07,295 --> 02:27:09,297
Strauss told him that
you and Ruth Tolman
2793
02:27:09,330 --> 02:27:11,766
have been having an
affair for years.
2794
02:27:11,799 --> 02:27:12,901
The whole time you lived
2795
02:27:12,935 --> 02:27:14,569
with them in Pasadena.
2796
02:27:14,602 --> 02:27:16,270
He convinced Lawrence
2797
02:27:16,304 --> 02:27:17,873
that Richard died
of a broken heart.
2798
02:27:17,906 --> 02:27:19,207
That's absurd.
2799
02:27:19,240 --> 02:27:21,776
- What part?
- The broken heart.
2800
02:27:21,810 --> 02:27:23,846
Richard never found out.
2801
02:27:23,879 --> 02:27:25,647
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2802
02:27:25,680 --> 02:27:27,181
I don't know.
2803
02:27:27,715 --> 02:27:29,350
Dr. Rabi,
2804
02:27:29,384 --> 02:27:32,453
what governmental positions
do you currently hold?
2805
02:27:32,487 --> 02:27:35,390
I am the chairman of the
General Advisory Committee
2806
02:27:35,423 --> 02:27:38,326
to the AEC, succeeding
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2807
02:27:38,359 --> 02:27:41,195
And how long have
you known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2808
02:27:41,229 --> 02:27:42,831
Since 1928.
2809
02:27:42,865 --> 02:27:44,933
I... I know him quite well.
2810
02:27:44,967 --> 02:27:46,935
Well enough to
speak to the bearing
2811
02:27:46,969 --> 02:27:49,537
of his loyalty and character?
2812
02:27:49,570 --> 02:27:53,574
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2813
02:27:53,608 --> 02:27:56,277
And he is loyal to
the United States,
2814
02:27:56,310 --> 02:27:57,545
to his friends,
2815
02:27:57,578 --> 02:28:00,248
to the institutions
of which he is part.
2816
02:28:01,716 --> 02:28:02,750
Eat.
2817
02:28:21,736 --> 02:28:23,438
What was that?
2818
02:28:23,471 --> 02:28:25,506
Nothing to worry about.
2819
02:28:27,742 --> 02:28:29,477
After the
Russian A-bomb test,
2820
02:28:29,510 --> 02:28:31,980
did Dr. Lawrence come to see
you about the hydrogen bomb?
2821
02:28:32,014 --> 02:28:33,816
You'd be better off asking him.
2822
02:28:33,849 --> 02:28:35,383
Well, I fully intend to.
2823
02:28:35,416 --> 02:28:37,986
Would you say that
Dr. Oppenheimer was
2824
02:28:38,020 --> 02:28:40,022
unalterably opposed
to the H-bomb?
2825
02:28:40,055 --> 02:28:42,858
No, he-he thought
that a fusion program
2826
02:28:42,891 --> 02:28:45,994
would come at the expense of our
awfully good fission program.
2827
02:28:46,028 --> 02:28:47,863
But that proved
not to be the case.
2828
02:28:47,896 --> 02:28:50,531
In the event both could be done.
2829
02:28:50,565 --> 02:28:52,868
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2830
02:28:52,901 --> 02:28:54,036
that in his testimony here,
2831
02:28:54,069 --> 02:28:56,337
Dr. Oppenheimer had
been wholly truthful.
2832
02:28:56,370 --> 02:28:59,574
What would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2833
02:28:59,607 --> 02:29:01,509
Why go through all
this against a man
2834
02:29:01,542 --> 02:29:03,745
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2835
02:29:03,778 --> 02:29:05,413
Look at his record.
2836
02:29:05,446 --> 02:29:07,515
We have an A-bomb and
a whole series of it.
2837
02:29:07,548 --> 02:29:09,484
We have a whole
series of Super bombs.
2838
02:29:09,517 --> 02:29:11,486
What more do you want?
2839
02:29:11,519 --> 02:29:12,386
Mermaids?
2840
02:29:12,420 --> 02:29:14,722
But I've known
Secretary Strauss
2841
02:29:14,756 --> 02:29:16,357
for many years,
2842
02:29:16,390 --> 02:29:19,660
and I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2843
02:29:19,694 --> 02:29:22,363
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2844
02:29:22,396 --> 02:29:23,631
We'll break now,
2845
02:29:23,664 --> 02:29:25,466
unless there's any
immediate business.
2846
02:29:25,500 --> 02:29:28,036
Senator, I'd
like to once again request
2847
02:29:28,070 --> 02:29:30,738
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2848
02:29:30,772 --> 02:29:33,541
And I will remind the
nominee that we don't always
2849
02:29:33,574 --> 02:29:35,576
have that information
in advance.
2850
02:29:35,610 --> 02:29:39,047
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2851
02:29:39,081 --> 02:29:40,715
Mr. Chairman, our next
scheduled witness,
2852
02:29:40,748 --> 02:29:45,286
Dr. Lawrence, has apparently
come down with colitis.
2853
02:29:46,754 --> 02:29:49,657
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2854
02:29:50,926 --> 02:29:52,326
Mr. Borden, welcome.
2855
02:29:52,360 --> 02:29:53,829
Please take a seat.
2856
02:29:54,997 --> 02:29:57,398
Mr. Borden,
2857
02:29:57,431 --> 02:30:00,002
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2858
02:30:00,035 --> 02:30:01,669
did you reach
certain conclusions?
2859
02:30:01,702 --> 02:30:04,006
- I did.
- And did there come a time
2860
02:30:04,039 --> 02:30:05,506
when you expressed
those conclusions
2861
02:30:05,540 --> 02:30:07,542
in a letter to
Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
2862
02:30:07,575 --> 02:30:09,510
of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation?
2863
02:30:09,544 --> 02:30:10,955
- That is correct.
- Prior to the writing
2864
02:30:10,979 --> 02:30:12,756
of the letter, did you discuss
the writing of the letter
2865
02:30:12,780 --> 02:30:15,083
with anybody attached to the
Atomic Energy Commission?
2866
02:30:15,117 --> 02:30:16,717
I did not.
2867
02:30:16,751 --> 02:30:18,096
Thanks, and do you
have a copy of the letter?
2868
02:30:18,120 --> 02:30:19,720
I have one
in front of me.
2869
02:30:19,754 --> 02:30:21,857
Would you please be so
kind as to read it, sir?
2870
02:30:21,890 --> 02:30:23,424
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2871
02:30:23,457 --> 02:30:24,903
the purpose of this
letter is to state..."
2872
02:30:24,927 --> 02:30:26,971
Uh, I'm sorry, I'm
sorry, if I could have a...
2873
02:30:26,995 --> 02:30:29,363
What is the purpose
of the delay?
2874
02:30:29,397 --> 02:30:30,866
He's simply gonna
read the letter.
2875
02:30:30,899 --> 02:30:32,433
Mr. Chairman,
2876
02:30:32,466 --> 02:30:34,468
this is the first I've
seen of this letter,
2877
02:30:34,502 --> 02:30:35,770
and I see statements here, uh,
2878
02:30:35,803 --> 02:30:37,772
at least one, of a
kind that I don't think
2879
02:30:37,805 --> 02:30:39,774
anyone would like to
see go into the record.
2880
02:30:39,807 --> 02:30:42,577
These are accusations that
have not previously been made.
2881
02:30:42,610 --> 02:30:44,545
That are not part of the
indictment from Nichols.
2882
02:30:44,579 --> 02:30:46,714
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2883
02:30:46,747 --> 02:30:48,917
The witness wrote this
letter on his own initiative,
2884
02:30:48,951 --> 02:30:51,519
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2885
02:30:51,552 --> 02:30:53,155
His conclusions are
valid testimony,
2886
02:30:53,188 --> 02:30:55,090
just like the... the
positive conclusions
2887
02:30:55,123 --> 02:30:56,457
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2888
02:30:56,490 --> 02:30:57,993
It cuts both ways.
2889
02:30:58,026 --> 02:31:00,461
How long has Counsel been in
possession of this letter?
2890
02:31:00,494 --> 02:31:01,864
I don't think I
should be subject
2891
02:31:01,897 --> 02:31:04,465
to cross-examination
by you, Mr. Garrison.
2892
02:31:04,498 --> 02:31:06,144
Mr. Garrison, given
that we on the board
2893
02:31:06,168 --> 02:31:07,668
have all read the letter,
2894
02:31:07,702 --> 02:31:10,038
wouldn't it be better to
have it in the record?
2895
02:31:10,072 --> 02:31:11,539
Let's proceed.
2896
02:31:13,541 --> 02:31:15,010
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2897
02:31:15,043 --> 02:31:18,479
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion
2898
02:31:18,512 --> 02:31:19,815
"based upon years of study
2899
02:31:19,848 --> 02:31:22,617
"of the available
classified evidence,
2900
02:31:22,650 --> 02:31:24,685
"that more probably than not,
2901
02:31:24,719 --> 02:31:29,590
"J. Robert Oppenheimer is an
agent of the Soviet Union.
2902
02:31:29,624 --> 02:31:31,960
"The following
conclusions are justified.
2903
02:31:31,994 --> 02:31:36,832
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2904
02:31:36,865 --> 02:31:38,166
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
2905
02:31:38,200 --> 02:31:40,501
"was a sufficiently
hardened Communist,
2906
02:31:40,534 --> 02:31:42,637
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2907
02:31:42,670 --> 02:31:45,007
"Two, more probably than not,
2908
02:31:45,040 --> 02:31:49,610
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2909
02:31:49,644 --> 02:31:52,480
"Three, more probably than not,
2910
02:31:52,513 --> 02:31:54,749
"he has since acted
under a Soviet directive
2911
02:31:54,782 --> 02:31:57,518
in influencing United
States military policy..."
2912
02:31:57,551 --> 02:31:58,786
I'm sorry, Robert.
2913
02:31:58,820 --> 02:32:00,164
"atomic
energy, intelligence
2914
02:32:00,188 --> 02:32:01,565
- and diplomatic policy."
- Is anyone
2915
02:32:01,589 --> 02:32:03,225
ever going to tell the truth
2916
02:32:03,258 --> 02:32:05,027
about what's happening here?
2917
02:32:05,060 --> 02:32:08,596
We will
now hear from Dr. David Hill.
2918
02:32:17,839 --> 02:32:19,174
Dr. Hill,
2919
02:32:19,207 --> 02:32:21,843
would you care to
make a statement?
2920
02:32:22,978 --> 02:32:24,545
Thank you.
2921
02:32:24,578 --> 02:32:28,250
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss.
2922
02:32:28,283 --> 02:32:30,685
A man who has given
years of service
2923
02:32:30,718 --> 02:32:33,688
in high positions of government
2924
02:32:33,721 --> 02:32:38,659
and who is known to be earnest,
hardworking and intelligent.
2925
02:32:39,660 --> 02:32:41,172
The views I have to
express are my own,
2926
02:32:41,196 --> 02:32:44,900
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate
2927
02:32:44,933 --> 02:32:48,636
why most of the
scientists in this country
2928
02:32:48,669 --> 02:32:51,672
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2929
02:32:51,706 --> 02:32:53,541
completely out of government.
2930
02:32:55,576 --> 02:32:58,080
You're... You're
referring to the hostility
2931
02:32:58,113 --> 02:32:59,580
of certain scientists
2932
02:32:59,613 --> 02:33:01,249
directed toward Mr. Strauss
2933
02:33:01,283 --> 02:33:03,517
because of his
commitment to security
2934
02:33:03,551 --> 02:33:06,554
as demonstrated in the
Oppenheimer affair?
2935
02:33:09,024 --> 02:33:10,292
No.
2936
02:33:10,325 --> 02:33:12,727
Because of the
personal vindictiveness
2937
02:33:12,760 --> 02:33:14,997
he demonstrated against
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2938
02:33:16,664 --> 02:33:18,799
Order.
2939
02:33:18,834 --> 02:33:19,868
Order!
2940
02:33:19,901 --> 02:33:25,173
It appears to most scientists
around this country
2941
02:33:25,207 --> 02:33:26,741
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being
2942
02:33:26,774 --> 02:33:29,011
pilloried and put
through an ordeal
2943
02:33:29,044 --> 02:33:32,147
because he expressed
his honest opinions.
2944
02:33:33,148 --> 02:33:35,217
Dr. Bush, I thought I
was performing a service
2945
02:33:35,250 --> 02:33:36,985
to my country when
hearing this case.
2946
02:33:37,019 --> 02:33:41,156
No board in this country
should sit in judgment of a man
2947
02:33:41,189 --> 02:33:43,825
because he expressed
strong opinions.
2948
02:33:43,859 --> 02:33:46,928
If you want to try that
case, you should try me.
2949
02:33:46,962 --> 02:33:50,966
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I become stirred,
2950
02:33:50,999 --> 02:33:52,200
but I am.
2951
02:33:52,234 --> 02:33:54,202
Dr. Hill, we've already heard
2952
02:33:54,236 --> 02:33:56,670
that Mr. Strauss did
not bring the charges
2953
02:33:56,704 --> 02:33:59,774
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2954
02:33:59,807 --> 02:34:02,310
The Oppenheimer matter was
2955
02:34:02,344 --> 02:34:04,712
initiated and carried through
2956
02:34:04,745 --> 02:34:07,115
largely through the
animus of Lewis Strauss.
2957
02:34:08,716 --> 02:34:11,353
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2958
02:34:11,386 --> 02:34:12,988
on the shipment of
isotopes to Norway,
2959
02:34:13,021 --> 02:34:17,025
and Strauss never forgave
him this public humiliation.
2960
02:34:17,059 --> 02:34:19,660
Another controversy between
them centered around
2961
02:34:19,693 --> 02:34:22,663
their differences in
judgment on how the H-bomb
2962
02:34:22,696 --> 02:34:24,765
would contribute to
national security.
2963
02:34:24,799 --> 02:34:26,767
Strauss turned to the
personnel security system
2964
02:34:26,801 --> 02:34:31,039
in order to destroy
Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2965
02:34:31,073 --> 02:34:33,607
and Strauss was able to
find a few ambitious men
2966
02:34:33,641 --> 02:34:36,677
who also disagreed with
Oppenheimer's positions
2967
02:34:36,710 --> 02:34:39,747
and envied him his prestige
in government circles.
2968
02:34:39,780 --> 02:34:42,384
I've always
assumed, and still assume,
2969
02:34:42,417 --> 02:34:44,652
that he's loyal to
the United States.
2970
02:34:44,685 --> 02:34:46,097
I believe this. And
I shall believe it
2971
02:34:46,121 --> 02:34:48,689
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2972
02:34:48,722 --> 02:34:50,691
Do you or do you not believe
2973
02:34:50,724 --> 02:34:53,028
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
2974
02:34:56,764 --> 02:34:58,033
In a great number of cases,
2975
02:34:58,066 --> 02:35:00,035
I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer
act in a way
2976
02:35:00,068 --> 02:35:03,939
which was to me exceedingly
hard to understand.
2977
02:35:03,972 --> 02:35:05,974
I thoroughly disagreed with
him in numerous issues,
2978
02:35:06,007 --> 02:35:08,110
and his actions
frankly appeared to me
2979
02:35:08,143 --> 02:35:09,677
confused and complicated.
2980
02:35:09,710 --> 02:35:11,246
To this extent, I feel,
2981
02:35:11,279 --> 02:35:14,382
I want to see the vital
interest of this country
2982
02:35:14,416 --> 02:35:16,251
in hands which I
understand better
2983
02:35:16,284 --> 02:35:18,420
and therefore trust more.
2984
02:35:18,453 --> 02:35:21,223
- Thank you, Doctor.
- Thank you.
2985
02:35:25,026 --> 02:35:26,128
I'm sorry.
2986
02:35:28,762 --> 02:35:30,932
You shook
his fucking hand?
2987
02:35:30,966 --> 02:35:33,869
Oh, I would have
spit in his face.
2988
02:35:33,902 --> 02:35:35,446
Not sure the board would
have appreciated that.
2989
02:35:35,470 --> 02:35:37,048
Is it not
gentlemanly enough for you?
2990
02:35:37,072 --> 02:35:40,408
Well, I-I think you're all
being too goddamn gentlemanly.
2991
02:35:40,442 --> 02:35:42,410
Gray must see what
Robb is doing.
2992
02:35:42,444 --> 02:35:44,379
Why doesn't he
just shut him down?
2993
02:35:44,412 --> 02:35:47,015
And you shaking Teller's hand.
2994
02:35:47,048 --> 02:35:49,918
You need to stop
playing the martyr.
2995
02:35:50,919 --> 02:35:53,321
Under the current
AEC guidelines,
2996
02:35:53,355 --> 02:35:55,756
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2997
02:36:01,930 --> 02:36:04,299
Under my interpretation
2998
02:36:04,332 --> 02:36:06,468
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2999
02:36:06,501 --> 02:36:08,336
which did not exist
3000
02:36:08,370 --> 02:36:11,206
when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942...
3001
02:36:12,440 --> 02:36:15,844
I would not clear him today,
3002
02:36:15,877 --> 02:36:17,846
uh, if I were on the commission.
3003
02:36:17,879 --> 02:36:19,457
Good. Thank you,
General. That is all.
3004
02:36:19,481 --> 02:36:21,483
But I don't think I'd
clear any of those guys.
3005
02:36:21,516 --> 02:36:23,684
That's all.
3006
02:36:26,188 --> 02:36:28,323
Dr. Oppenheimer
had no responsibility
3007
02:36:28,356 --> 02:36:29,858
in the selection
or the clearance
3008
02:36:29,891 --> 02:36:31,193
of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
3009
02:36:31,226 --> 02:36:32,494
No. None at all.
3010
02:36:32,527 --> 02:36:34,129
And you wouldn't want
to leave this board
3011
02:36:34,162 --> 02:36:36,932
with any suggestion today
that you're here questioning
3012
02:36:36,965 --> 02:36:39,000
his basic loyalty
to the United States
3013
02:36:39,034 --> 02:36:40,435
in the operation of Los Alamos?
3014
02:36:40,468 --> 02:36:42,037
By no means.
3015
02:36:42,070 --> 02:36:44,072
I hope I didn't lead
anyone to believe otherwise
3016
02:36:44,105 --> 02:36:45,739
for an instant.
3017
02:36:45,773 --> 02:36:46,875
Thank you, General.
3018
02:37:04,926 --> 02:37:07,195
Okay. We shouldn't
keep them waiting.
3019
02:37:07,229 --> 02:37:08,496
She'll be here.
3020
02:37:08,530 --> 02:37:09,965
Do you even want her here?
3021
02:37:09,998 --> 02:37:12,500
Only a fool or an adolescent
3022
02:37:12,534 --> 02:37:14,436
presumes to know someone
else's relationship,
3023
02:37:14,469 --> 02:37:16,770
and you're neither, Lloyd.
3024
02:37:18,340 --> 02:37:20,308
Kitty and I,
3025
02:37:20,342 --> 02:37:22,410
we're grown-ups.
3026
02:37:22,444 --> 02:37:25,280
We've walked through
fire together.
3027
02:37:25,313 --> 02:37:27,882
She'll do fine.
3028
02:37:27,916 --> 02:37:29,985
Would you describe
your views on Communism
3029
02:37:30,018 --> 02:37:32,053
as pro, anti, neutral?
3030
02:37:32,087 --> 02:37:33,955
Very strongly against.
3031
02:37:33,989 --> 02:37:36,124
I-I've had nothing to do
with Communism in... since...
3032
02:37:36,157 --> 02:37:38,994
since 1936, since...
3033
02:37:39,027 --> 02:37:41,896
since before I met Robert.
3034
02:37:42,497 --> 02:37:44,332
That's all.
3035
02:37:44,366 --> 02:37:45,934
The record demonstrates
3036
02:37:45,967 --> 02:37:47,569
that Oppenheimer
was not interrogated
3037
02:37:47,602 --> 02:37:50,839
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray board.
3038
02:37:50,872 --> 02:37:52,274
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor
3039
02:37:52,307 --> 02:37:53,975
who used all the tricks
3040
02:37:54,009 --> 02:37:55,810
of a rather ingenious
legal background.
3041
02:37:55,844 --> 02:37:57,279
You
are charging now
3042
02:37:57,312 --> 02:38:00,282
that the Gray board
permitted a prosecution.
3043
02:38:00,315 --> 02:38:03,018
If I were on the Gray board,
3044
02:38:03,051 --> 02:38:05,020
I would have protested
against the tactics
3045
02:38:05,053 --> 02:38:07,956
of the man who served, in fact,
as the prosecuting counsel.
3046
02:38:07,989 --> 02:38:11,192
A man appointed not by the board
3047
02:38:11,226 --> 02:38:13,295
but by Lewis Strauss.
3048
02:38:15,297 --> 02:38:16,331
Who was this?
3049
02:38:17,632 --> 02:38:19,467
I'm sorry?
3050
02:38:19,501 --> 02:38:20,568
Who was this?
3051
02:38:20,602 --> 02:38:22,037
Uh, Roger Robb.
3052
02:38:22,070 --> 02:38:24,406
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
3053
02:38:28,610 --> 02:38:31,046
Did you have a Communist
Party membership card?
3054
02:38:32,480 --> 02:38:34,582
I'm... I'm not sure.
3055
02:38:34,616 --> 02:38:36,117
Not sure?
3056
02:38:39,087 --> 02:38:40,088
Well...
3057
02:38:42,490 --> 02:38:44,225
Well?
3058
02:38:53,168 --> 02:38:56,137
I mean, presumably, the
act of joining the Party
3059
02:38:56,171 --> 02:38:59,941
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
3060
02:39:03,111 --> 02:39:04,245
Yeah.
3061
02:39:09,617 --> 02:39:11,019
Sorry.
3062
02:39:11,653 --> 02:39:13,254
Yes. Mm.
3063
02:39:15,090 --> 02:39:17,092
It's just it was all
so very long ago,
3064
02:39:17,125 --> 02:39:18,960
- Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
- Not really.
3065
02:39:18,993 --> 02:39:20,228
Long enough to have forgotten.
3066
02:39:20,261 --> 02:39:21,639
Did you return the
card or rip it up?
3067
02:39:21,663 --> 02:39:23,264
The card whose existence
I've forgotten?
3068
02:39:23,298 --> 02:39:25,100
Your Communist Party
membership card.
3069
02:39:25,133 --> 02:39:26,868
Haven't the slightest idea.
3070
02:39:29,170 --> 02:39:31,940
Can a distinction
be made between
3071
02:39:31,973 --> 02:39:33,641
Soviet Communism and Communism?
3072
02:39:33,675 --> 02:39:35,243
Well, in the days
when I was a member,
3073
02:39:35,276 --> 02:39:36,916
I thought they were
definitely two things.
3074
02:39:36,945 --> 02:39:38,213
- Oh?
- I thought that
3075
02:39:38,246 --> 02:39:40,115
the Communist Party
of the United States
3076
02:39:40,148 --> 02:39:42,550
was concerned with
our domestic problems.
3077
02:39:42,584 --> 02:39:44,052
I now no longer believe this.
3078
02:39:44,085 --> 02:39:45,129
Believe the whole
thing's linked together
3079
02:39:45,153 --> 02:39:46,421
and spread all over the world,
3080
02:39:46,454 --> 02:39:48,656
and I have believed this
since I left the Party
3081
02:39:48,690 --> 02:39:50,158
16 years ago.
3082
02:39:50,191 --> 02:39:51,493
- But...
- Seventeen years ago.
3083
02:39:51,526 --> 02:39:52,927
My mistake.
3084
02:39:52,961 --> 02:39:55,597
- But you said...
- Sorry, 18.
3085
02:39:55,630 --> 02:39:57,899
Eighteen years ago.
3086
02:39:58,700 --> 02:40:00,010
Are you
familiar with the fact
3087
02:40:00,034 --> 02:40:01,212
your husband was
making contributions
3088
02:40:01,236 --> 02:40:04,305
to the Spanish Civil
War as late as 1942?
3089
02:40:04,339 --> 02:40:06,217
I knew that Robert gave
money from time to time.
3090
02:40:06,241 --> 02:40:07,485
Did you know this
money was going
3091
02:40:07,509 --> 02:40:08,943
into Communist Party channels?
3092
02:40:08,977 --> 02:40:10,412
Don't you mean "through"?
3093
02:40:10,445 --> 02:40:12,213
- Pardon?
- I think you mean
3094
02:40:12,247 --> 02:40:14,048
"through Communist Party
channels," don't you?
3095
02:40:14,082 --> 02:40:15,316
- Y-Yes!
- Yes?
3096
02:40:15,350 --> 02:40:17,252
- Yes!
- Yes.
3097
02:40:17,285 --> 02:40:20,989
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
3098
02:40:21,022 --> 02:40:22,323
your husband had not stopped
3099
02:40:22,357 --> 02:40:24,292
having anything to do
with the Communist Party?
3100
02:40:24,325 --> 02:40:26,127
You don't have to
answer that yes or no.
3101
02:40:26,161 --> 02:40:27,538
You can answer that
any way you wish.
3102
02:40:27,562 --> 02:40:29,431
I know that, thank you.
3103
02:40:29,464 --> 02:40:31,166
It's your question.
3104
02:40:31,199 --> 02:40:33,101
- It's not properly phrased.
- Do you understand
3105
02:40:33,134 --> 02:40:34,369
- what I'm getting at?
- I do.
3106
02:40:34,402 --> 02:40:35,679
Then why don't you
answer it that way?
3107
02:40:35,703 --> 02:40:37,305
'Cause I don't like your phrase.
3108
02:40:37,338 --> 02:40:39,274
"Having anything to do
with the Communist Party."
3109
02:40:39,307 --> 02:40:41,109
Because Robert never
had anything to do
3110
02:40:41,142 --> 02:40:42,444
with the Communist
Party as such.
3111
02:40:42,477 --> 02:40:45,113
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
3112
02:40:45,146 --> 02:40:47,081
I know he took an
intellectual interest
3113
02:40:47,115 --> 02:40:48,316
in Communist ideas...
3114
02:40:48,349 --> 02:40:49,460
Are there two types
of Communists?
3115
02:40:49,484 --> 02:40:51,186
Intellectual Communists
3116
02:40:51,219 --> 02:40:53,154
and your plain old
regular Commie?
3117
02:40:54,155 --> 02:40:55,723
Well, I couldn't
answer that one.
3118
02:40:55,757 --> 02:40:58,526
I
couldn't either.
3119
02:41:04,666 --> 02:41:06,468
Evening.
3120
02:41:06,501 --> 02:41:08,236
Robert, you
can't win this thing.
3121
02:41:08,269 --> 02:41:10,214
It's a kangaroo court with
a predetermined outcome.
3122
02:41:10,238 --> 02:41:12,173
Why put yourself
through more of it?
3123
02:41:12,774 --> 02:41:15,210
I have my reasons.
3124
02:41:15,811 --> 02:41:17,245
All right.
3125
02:41:17,278 --> 02:41:18,413
Good night.
3126
02:41:23,117 --> 02:41:24,519
He has a point.
3127
02:41:25,453 --> 02:41:27,489
I'm not sure you
understand, Albert.
3128
02:41:27,522 --> 02:41:28,623
No?
3129
02:41:28,656 --> 02:41:32,160
I left my country
never to return.
3130
02:41:32,794 --> 02:41:34,762
You served your country well.
3131
02:41:34,796 --> 02:41:38,433
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
3132
02:41:38,466 --> 02:41:42,103
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
3133
02:41:42,136 --> 02:41:44,772
Damn it, I happen to
love this country.
3134
02:41:44,806 --> 02:41:47,408
Then tell them to go to hell.
3135
02:41:47,442 --> 02:41:48,343
Interestingly enough,
3136
02:41:48,376 --> 02:41:51,446
this is no longer a
confirmation hearing,
3137
02:41:51,479 --> 02:41:53,648
it's now a trial...
3138
02:41:53,681 --> 02:41:55,416
about a trial!
3139
02:41:56,417 --> 02:41:57,728
It's not good he's
telling everyone
3140
02:41:57,752 --> 02:41:59,053
you initiated the hearings.
3141
02:41:59,087 --> 02:42:01,456
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
3142
02:42:01,489 --> 02:42:04,158
He certainly can't prove that
I gave the file to Borden.
3143
02:42:04,192 --> 02:42:06,528
We're not in court, sir.
3144
02:42:06,561 --> 02:42:07,762
There's no burden of proof.
3145
02:42:07,795 --> 02:42:10,164
Right. They're not convicting...
3146
02:42:10,198 --> 02:42:11,466
just denying.
3147
02:42:11,499 --> 02:42:14,402
Why would Hill come
here to tear me down?
3148
02:42:14,435 --> 02:42:16,070
What's his angle?
3149
02:42:16,104 --> 02:42:18,206
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
3150
02:42:18,239 --> 02:42:19,842
- As he sees it.
- I told you,
3151
02:42:19,875 --> 02:42:22,544
Oppenheimer poisoned the
scientists against me,
3152
02:42:22,577 --> 02:42:24,279
right from that first meeting.
3153
02:42:24,312 --> 02:42:27,549
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
3154
02:42:27,582 --> 02:42:30,318
but Einstein wouldn't
even meet my eye.
3155
02:42:31,419 --> 02:42:34,522
Oppenheimer knows how
to manipulate his own.
3156
02:42:34,556 --> 02:42:35,824
And at Los Alamos,
3157
02:42:35,858 --> 02:42:38,192
he preyed on the
naivete of scientists
3158
02:42:38,226 --> 02:42:40,528
who thought they'd get a say
in how we used their work,
3159
02:42:40,562 --> 02:42:43,565
but don't ever think he
was that naive himself.
3160
02:42:43,598 --> 02:42:44,867
Doctor.
3161
02:42:44,900 --> 02:42:46,869
During your work on
the hydrogen bomb,
3162
02:42:46,902 --> 02:42:50,572
were you deterred
by any moral qualms?
3163
02:42:50,605 --> 02:42:52,240
Yes, of course.
3164
02:42:52,273 --> 02:42:53,584
But you still got on
with your work, didn't you?
3165
02:42:53,608 --> 02:42:55,844
Yes, because this was
work of exploration,
3166
02:42:55,878 --> 02:42:58,112
it was not the
preparation of a weapon.
3167
02:42:58,146 --> 02:43:00,214
You mean it was more of
a... an academic excursion.
3168
02:43:00,248 --> 02:43:02,150
No, it is not an academic thing
3169
02:43:02,183 --> 02:43:03,594
whether you can build
a hydrogen bomb.
3170
02:43:03,618 --> 02:43:05,219
It's a matter of life and death.
3171
02:43:05,253 --> 02:43:06,621
By 1942, you were
actively pushing
3172
02:43:06,654 --> 02:43:08,232
the development of the
hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
3173
02:43:08,256 --> 02:43:09,490
Pushing's not the right word.
3174
02:43:09,524 --> 02:43:11,459
Supporting it and
working on it, yes.
3175
02:43:11,492 --> 02:43:13,829
So when did these moral
qualms become so strong
3176
02:43:13,862 --> 02:43:15,496
that you actively opposed
3177
02:43:15,530 --> 02:43:17,198
the development of
the hydrogen bomb?
3178
02:43:17,231 --> 02:43:19,200
When it was suggested
that it be the policy
3179
02:43:19,233 --> 02:43:21,402
of the United States to make
these things at all cost
3180
02:43:21,436 --> 02:43:23,438
without regard to the
balance between these weapons
3181
02:43:23,471 --> 02:43:26,541
and atomic weapons as
part of our arsenal.
3182
02:43:27,910 --> 02:43:29,845
What do moral qualms
have to do with that?
3183
02:43:29,878 --> 02:43:31,914
Wha... What do moral qualms
3184
02:43:31,947 --> 02:43:33,481
- have to do with it?
- Yes.
3185
02:43:33,514 --> 02:43:35,583
Oppenheimer wanted to
own the atomic bomb.
3186
02:43:35,617 --> 02:43:37,518
He wanted to be the man
who moved the Earth.
3187
02:43:37,552 --> 02:43:40,722
He talks about putting
the nuclear genie
3188
02:43:40,755 --> 02:43:42,223
back in the bottle.
3189
02:43:42,256 --> 02:43:43,391
Well, I'm here to tell you
3190
02:43:43,424 --> 02:43:45,627
that I know J.
Robert Oppenheimer,
3191
02:43:45,660 --> 02:43:49,764
and if he could do it all
over, he'd do it all the same.
3192
02:43:49,797 --> 02:43:52,835
You know he's never once said
that he regrets Hiroshima?
3193
02:43:52,868 --> 02:43:55,737
He'd do it all over. Why?
3194
02:43:55,770 --> 02:43:57,205
Because it made him
3195
02:43:57,238 --> 02:43:58,874
the most important
man who ever lived.
3196
02:43:58,907 --> 02:44:01,242
Well, we've...
3197
02:44:01,275 --> 02:44:03,378
we've freely used
the atomic bomb...
3198
02:44:03,411 --> 02:44:05,513
In fact, Doctor,
you assisted in selecting
3199
02:44:05,546 --> 02:44:06,958
the target to drop the
atomic bomb on Japan,
3200
02:44:06,982 --> 02:44:08,650
- didn't you?
- Yes.
3201
02:44:08,683 --> 02:44:10,327
Well, then you knew,
did you not, that by dropping
3202
02:44:10,351 --> 02:44:12,520
that atomic bomb on the
target you selected,
3203
02:44:12,553 --> 02:44:13,965
that thousands of
civilians would be killed
3204
02:44:13,989 --> 02:44:15,723
or injured, is that correct?
3205
02:44:15,757 --> 02:44:17,659
Yes, not as many
as turned out...
3206
02:44:17,692 --> 02:44:19,895
Oh. Well, how many
were killed or injured?
3207
02:44:19,928 --> 02:44:21,796
- 70,000.
- 70,000
3208
02:44:21,830 --> 02:44:22,898
at both Hiroshima and...
3209
02:44:22,931 --> 02:44:24,365
110,000 at both.
3210
02:44:24,399 --> 02:44:25,800
On the day
of each bombing?
3211
02:44:27,769 --> 02:44:28,937
Yes.
3212
02:44:28,971 --> 02:44:30,547
And in the weeks and
years that followed?
3213
02:44:30,571 --> 02:44:33,274
It has been put at somewhere
between 50 and 100,000.
3214
02:44:33,307 --> 02:44:35,410
- 220,000 dead at least?
- Yes.
3215
02:44:35,443 --> 02:44:37,345
Any moral scruples about that?
3216
02:44:38,713 --> 02:44:39,815
Terrible ones.
3217
02:44:39,848 --> 02:44:41,416
But yet you testified in here
3218
02:44:41,449 --> 02:44:43,819
that the bombing of Hiroshima
was very successful.
3219
02:44:43,852 --> 02:44:45,420
- Technically successful.
- Oh!
3220
02:44:45,453 --> 02:44:47,221
Technically, it was
very successful.
3221
02:44:47,255 --> 02:44:48,732
And it is also alleged to
have helped end the war.
3222
02:44:48,756 --> 02:44:50,725
Would you have been in
support of the dropping
3223
02:44:50,758 --> 02:44:52,694
of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
3224
02:44:52,727 --> 02:44:54,262
That would make no sense at all.
3225
02:44:54,295 --> 02:44:56,731
- Why?
- The-the target is too small.
3226
02:44:56,764 --> 02:44:59,267
Well, supposing there had
been a target in Japan
3227
02:44:59,300 --> 02:45:00,778
big enough for a
thermonuclear weapon,
3228
02:45:00,802 --> 02:45:02,579
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
3229
02:45:02,603 --> 02:45:04,448
This was not a problem with
which I was confronted...
3230
02:45:04,472 --> 02:45:05,917
Well, I'm confronting
you with it now, sir.
3231
02:45:05,941 --> 02:45:07,709
It was all part of his plan.
3232
02:45:07,742 --> 02:45:09,310
He wanted the glorious,
3233
02:45:09,343 --> 02:45:11,512
insincere guilt of
the self-important
3234
02:45:11,546 --> 02:45:13,015
to wear like a fuckin' crown.
3235
02:45:13,048 --> 02:45:16,484
Say, "No, we cannot
go down this road,"
3236
02:45:16,517 --> 02:45:19,320
even as he knew we'd have to.
3237
02:45:19,353 --> 02:45:20,899
Would you have been
opposed to the dropping
3238
02:45:20,923 --> 02:45:22,590
of a thermonuclear
weapon on Japan
3239
02:45:22,623 --> 02:45:24,869
- because of moral scruples?
- Yes, I believe I would, sir.
3240
02:45:24,893 --> 02:45:26,594
Well, did you
oppose the dropping
3241
02:45:26,627 --> 02:45:28,639
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
because of moral scruples?
3242
02:45:28,663 --> 02:45:30,307
We set forth our arguments...
3243
02:45:30,331 --> 02:45:31,733
No, you, you, you.
I'm asking you.
3244
02:45:31,766 --> 02:45:33,410
- I set... I set forth...
- Not we. You, you, you!
3245
02:45:33,434 --> 02:45:35,037
Our arguments
against dropping it,
3246
02:45:35,070 --> 02:45:36,604
but I did not endorse them.
3247
02:45:36,637 --> 02:45:38,339
You mean after
working night and day
3248
02:45:38,372 --> 02:45:39,741
for three years
building the bomb,
3249
02:45:39,774 --> 02:45:41,614
you then argued against
the use of it?
3250
02:45:41,642 --> 02:45:44,345
I was asked by the
Secretary of War
3251
02:45:44,378 --> 02:45:45,747
what the views of
scientists were.
3252
02:45:45,780 --> 02:45:48,516
I gave him the views
against and the views for.
3253
02:45:48,549 --> 02:45:50,561
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb on Japan.
3254
02:45:50,585 --> 02:45:52,063
- What do you mean "support"?
- Didn't you?
3255
02:45:52,087 --> 02:45:53,564
- You supported it!
- What do you mean "support"?
3256
02:45:53,588 --> 02:45:54,933
Well, you helped pick
the target, didn't you?
3257
02:45:54,957 --> 02:45:56,591
I did my job.
3258
02:45:56,624 --> 02:45:58,368
I was not in a policy-making
position at Los Alamos.
3259
02:45:58,392 --> 02:46:00,038
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
3260
02:46:00,062 --> 02:46:02,330
Well, then you would have
built the H-bomb too,
3261
02:46:02,363 --> 02:46:03,498
- wouldn't you?
- I couldn't.
3262
02:46:03,531 --> 02:46:05,433
I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
3263
02:46:05,466 --> 02:46:07,802
And the GAC report
which you co-authored
3264
02:46:07,836 --> 02:46:09,704
after the Soviet
atomic test said
3265
02:46:09,737 --> 02:46:12,406
a Super bomb should
never be built!
3266
02:46:12,440 --> 02:46:13,775
What we meant,
what I meant was...
3267
02:46:13,808 --> 02:46:15,878
- What you, who? Who?
- What I meant...
3268
02:46:17,645 --> 02:46:19,085
And wouldn't the
Russians do anything
3269
02:46:19,114 --> 02:46:21,382
to increase their strength?
3270
02:46:21,415 --> 02:46:23,393
If we did
it, they would have to do it.
3271
02:46:23,417 --> 02:46:25,453
Our efforts would only
fuel their efforts,
3272
02:46:25,486 --> 02:46:27,588
just as it had with
the atomic bomb.
3273
02:46:27,622 --> 02:46:31,026
"Just as it had with the
atomic bomb," exactly!
3274
02:46:31,059 --> 02:46:35,797
No moral scruples in
1945, plenty in 1949.
3275
02:46:39,935 --> 02:46:41,769
Dr. Oppenheimer...
3276
02:46:43,437 --> 02:46:46,041
when did your strong
moral convictions develop
3277
02:46:46,074 --> 02:46:48,877
with respect to
the hydrogen bomb?
3278
02:46:55,918 --> 02:46:58,821
When it became clear to me
3279
02:46:58,854 --> 02:47:02,490
that we would tend to
use any weapon we had.
3280
02:47:04,927 --> 02:47:07,428
J. Robert
Oppenheimer, the martyr.
3281
02:47:07,461 --> 02:47:10,065
I gave him exactly
what he wanted.
3282
02:47:10,098 --> 02:47:12,366
To be remembered for Trinity,
3283
02:47:12,400 --> 02:47:15,003
not Hiroshima,
3284
02:47:15,037 --> 02:47:17,471
not Nagasaki.
3285
02:47:20,008 --> 02:47:22,710
He should be thanking me.
3286
02:47:22,743 --> 02:47:25,680
Well, he's not.
3287
02:47:27,515 --> 02:47:29,117
Do we still have enough votes,
3288
02:47:29,151 --> 02:47:30,819
or is the crowning
moment of my career
3289
02:47:30,853 --> 02:47:34,990
about to become the most
public humiliation of my life?
3290
02:47:35,023 --> 02:47:37,592
Full Senate's about to vote.
3291
02:47:37,625 --> 02:47:38,793
You'll scrape through.
3292
02:47:38,827 --> 02:47:40,461
Great, then gather
the fucking press.
3293
02:47:40,494 --> 02:47:42,463
Dr. J.
Robert Oppenheimer.
3294
02:47:42,496 --> 02:47:45,466
This board, having
heard testimony from you
3295
02:47:45,499 --> 02:47:48,636
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
3296
02:47:48,669 --> 02:47:50,671
has come to the
unanimous conclusion
3297
02:47:50,705 --> 02:47:53,808
that you are a loyal citizen.
3298
02:47:55,110 --> 02:47:56,744
However,
3299
02:47:56,777 --> 02:48:00,414
in the light of your
continuing associations
3300
02:48:00,448 --> 02:48:01,716
and disregard
3301
02:48:01,749 --> 02:48:03,886
for the security
apparatus of this country,
3302
02:48:03,919 --> 02:48:07,455
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
3303
02:48:07,488 --> 02:48:10,025
on the hydrogen bomb program
3304
02:48:10,058 --> 02:48:11,592
and the regrettable
lack of candor
3305
02:48:11,626 --> 02:48:13,996
in certain of your
responses to this board,
3306
02:48:14,029 --> 02:48:16,899
we have voted two to one
3307
02:48:16,932 --> 02:48:20,035
to deny the renewal of
your security clearance.
3308
02:48:20,068 --> 02:48:23,171
A full written opinion, with
a dissent from Mr. Evans,
3309
02:48:23,205 --> 02:48:26,707
will be issued to the
AEC in the coming days.
3310
02:48:26,741 --> 02:48:28,409
That is all.
3311
02:48:32,180 --> 02:48:33,514
- Gordon...
- Roger.
3312
02:48:38,552 --> 02:48:40,454
Robert.
3313
02:48:41,089 --> 02:48:42,623
Robert.
3314
02:48:45,093 --> 02:48:46,594
Don't...
3315
02:48:48,964 --> 02:48:52,167
Don't take in the sheets.
3316
02:48:53,567 --> 02:48:54,970
Get a
picture with him.
3317
02:48:55,003 --> 02:48:56,238
Sir, sir.
3318
02:48:56,271 --> 02:48:58,739
Two
minutes. Two minutes.
3319
02:48:58,773 --> 02:48:59,984
- You'll get your shot.
- Please, sir.
3320
02:49:00,008 --> 02:49:01,575
We've been waiting for so long.
3321
02:49:01,609 --> 02:49:02,619
- Evening, sir.
- Come out.
3322
02:49:02,643 --> 02:49:03,678
Sir, sir!
3323
02:49:03,711 --> 02:49:05,047
Is it official?
3324
02:49:07,149 --> 02:49:08,549
Well, there were,
3325
02:49:08,582 --> 02:49:11,719
uh, a couple of
unexpected holdouts.
3326
02:49:16,158 --> 02:49:18,827
I'm denied. Yeah?
3327
02:49:18,860 --> 02:49:20,829
- I'm afraid so, sir.
- All right.
3328
02:49:28,536 --> 02:49:29,603
Who were the holdouts?
3329
02:49:29,637 --> 02:49:32,573
Um, there were three,
3330
02:49:32,606 --> 02:49:35,543
led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
3331
02:49:35,576 --> 02:49:36,988
Young guy trying to
make a name for himself,
3332
02:49:37,012 --> 02:49:39,580
didn't like what you
did to Oppenheimer.
3333
02:49:39,613 --> 02:49:40,748
What's his name?
3334
02:49:40,781 --> 02:49:42,985
Uh, Kennedy.
3335
02:49:43,018 --> 02:49:44,820
John F. Kennedy.
3336
02:49:48,290 --> 02:49:49,690
Kitty?
3337
02:49:55,763 --> 02:49:59,167
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
3338
02:49:59,201 --> 02:50:01,769
that the world
would forgive you?
3339
02:50:05,307 --> 02:50:06,741
It won't.
3340
02:50:09,111 --> 02:50:10,511
We'll see.
3341
02:50:20,288 --> 02:50:22,290
Goddamn it.
3342
02:50:23,825 --> 02:50:26,761
You
told me I'd be okay.
3343
02:50:26,794 --> 02:50:29,164
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
3344
02:50:29,197 --> 02:50:30,765
Here's a fact.
3345
02:50:30,798 --> 02:50:32,642
President Eisenhower
pinned the Medal of Freedom
3346
02:50:32,666 --> 02:50:34,102
on my chest last year
3347
02:50:34,136 --> 02:50:36,637
'cause I've always done
what's right for this country.
3348
02:50:36,670 --> 02:50:39,174
They don't want me
in the Cabinet room?
3349
02:50:39,207 --> 02:50:41,642
Well, that's... that's fine.
3350
02:50:41,675 --> 02:50:44,012
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
3351
02:50:44,046 --> 02:50:45,080
Maybe they will.
3352
02:50:46,081 --> 02:50:47,315
I told you,
3353
02:50:47,349 --> 02:50:49,985
he turned the scientists
against me one by one,
3354
02:50:50,018 --> 02:50:52,187
starting with Einstein. I
told you about, uh, Einstein.
3355
02:50:52,220 --> 02:50:53,654
I saw him by the pond.
3356
02:50:53,687 --> 02:50:55,190
You did, but you know, sir,
3357
02:50:55,223 --> 02:50:57,225
since nobody really knows
3358
02:50:57,259 --> 02:50:58,894
what they said to
each other that day,
3359
02:50:58,927 --> 02:51:02,964
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
3360
02:51:02,998 --> 02:51:06,134
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh,
3361
02:51:06,168 --> 02:51:07,601
more important?
3362
02:51:07,635 --> 02:51:09,071
Mr. Strauss!
3363
02:51:12,407 --> 02:51:14,809
Over here! Mr. Strauss!
3364
02:51:17,946 --> 02:51:21,216
Oh.
3365
02:51:22,384 --> 02:51:23,684
Thank you.
3366
02:51:23,717 --> 02:51:26,221
Albert.
3367
02:51:26,254 --> 02:51:28,223
Ah.
3368
02:51:28,256 --> 02:51:30,758
The man of the moment.
3369
02:51:33,862 --> 02:51:37,232
You once held a-a
reception for me.
3370
02:51:37,265 --> 02:51:39,067
In Berkeley. You
gave me an award.
3371
02:51:39,101 --> 02:51:40,969
- Hmm?
- Yes.
3372
02:51:41,870 --> 02:51:44,272
You all thought that
I had lost the ability
3373
02:51:44,306 --> 02:51:47,242
to understand what I'd started.
3374
02:51:47,275 --> 02:51:50,711
So the award really
wasn't for me,
3375
02:51:50,744 --> 02:51:53,148
it was for all of you, hmm?
3376
02:51:55,016 --> 02:51:57,018
Now it's your turn
3377
02:51:57,052 --> 02:52:01,755
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
3378
02:52:02,690 --> 02:52:03,992
And one day,
3379
02:52:04,025 --> 02:52:06,660
when they've punished
you enough...
3380
02:52:08,063 --> 02:52:11,967
they'll serve you
salmon and potato salad.
3381
02:52:15,703 --> 02:52:17,738
Make speeches...
3382
02:52:18,772 --> 02:52:20,275
give you a medal.
3383
02:52:21,977 --> 02:52:24,146
Hello, Frank.
3384
02:52:24,179 --> 02:52:25,413
You're happy, I'm happy.
3385
02:52:32,387 --> 02:52:35,723
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
3386
02:52:37,259 --> 02:52:39,660
Just remember...
3387
02:52:40,295 --> 02:52:42,164
it won't be for you.
3388
02:52:46,434 --> 02:52:48,069
It'll be for them.
3389
02:53:02,217 --> 02:53:03,751
Albert.
3390
02:53:04,986 --> 02:53:08,456
When I came to you with
those calculations,
3391
02:53:08,490 --> 02:53:10,724
we thought we might
start a chain reaction
3392
02:53:10,758 --> 02:53:14,229
that would destroy
the entire world.
3393
02:53:14,262 --> 02:53:17,731
Mm, I remember it well.
3394
02:53:17,765 --> 02:53:19,834
What of it?
3395
02:53:22,470 --> 02:53:24,206
I believe we did.
231390