All language subtitles for American Genius ~ Farnsworth vs Sarnoff-eng

How do I look?

Every age is defined by its innovations.

The greatest advances are born out
of fierce struggles, between rivals.

It is with a very deep sense of humility,
that I come to this moment of announcing

the birth in this country, of a new
art, so important in its implications.

That it is bound to affect all society.

And now ladies and gentlemen,
we add sight to sound.

Move, move, move.
- Watch out, kid.

Television is an art that shines like
a torch of hope to a troubled world.

The television is one of the most
revolutionary inventions of our time.

But the story of its creation, is
the ultimate David and Goliath tale.

A decades-long battle between one of the
biggest media moguls in the world and a

one-time farm boy from Idaho, driven to
turn the childhood vision of the future

into reality. Their rivalry
will bring an already rich

man, even more wealth
and power, and push

the other to the brink of insanity.

But together, they brought
the world into the home.

And connected humanity
like never before.

FARNSWORTH VS SARNOFF

AMERICAN GENIUS

In the early 20th century, a new invention
has captured the imagination of the world.

A device known as, the radio.

Radio changed America. All of a sudden
the nation can participate in a single

event at the same time. Before this if a
big event occurred in Washington, people

on the West Coast, would hear
about it hours later, days later.

Radio brings the nation together in real-time,
in way that it simply not been possible before.

One man sees the potential of a budding
radio industry and wants to dominate it.

Thank you. Good morning, how
are we today? Yes, they are...

Mr. Sarnoff... -I don't like that
title, change that right away please.

His name is David Sarnoff
and he's the general manager

of RCA, the leading radio
broadcast company in America.

Sarnoff was an ambitious
and very driven man.

He wanted to climb, as far in this business,
that he loved, as he could. And he never

let any obstacles stop him
from pursuing his goals.

RCA manufactures radios, and
owns over 2,000 radio patents.

Sarnoff believes the patents are
where the big money is to be made.

What do you see? Gentlemen.
- I see the parts to a radio.

What I see is the technology that goes

into the radio.

75% of all radios were sold by other
companies. That's how we make our money.

License the patents. We turn
our competitors into customers.

Every time they sell a radio,

we make money.

Sarnoff was able to create power

for himself an RCA, by taking all
the inventions in the radio world and

putting them together into one asset, so
anyone who made a radio, had to license

the patents from him. He was a genius,
because he saw the whole ecosystem of

radio. And it wasn't just a technological
invention, it was an entire industry.

My honor is to introduce tonight's main
speaker. Today radio is a household word.

For those of us in industry, he's
not just a leader, he is radio.

Ladies and gentlemen, I give
you David Sarnoff of RCA.

As radios popularity
surges, RCA's profits soar.

David Sarnoff has built a media empire.

But nearly two thousand
miles away, a teenage

farm boy is formulating an idea, that

could make radio obsolete.

Schemes to create television are not new.
Though every previous attempt has failed, as

the greatest minds in history have
tried to perfect this technology.

14 year-old Philo Farnsworth, has a knack
for electronics, but he is also a dreamer.

Philo Farnsworth, was the
son of a potato farmer.

He was shine withdrawn, but he
had some kind of inner drive.

He was always tinkering with crystal radio sets
and he was looking up to the heroes of the age,

like Edison, Tesla,
Ford and Wright brothers.

Farnsworth dreams of adding
moving images to the radio,

by capturing a picture electronically.
As a microphone does with the sound.

But he can't figure out how
to makes his dream a reality.

Until inspiration comes
from an unlikely place.

The plow lines of his father's field.

Farnsworth had the natural talent for
science and it suddenly occurs to him,

that it would be possible to build
a device, that would scan an image.

Line by line the same way your
eye scans the pages of a book.

Farnsworth's inspiration
soon turns to an obsession.

Between school work and farm work,
the teenager refines his idea.

A device that could electronically scan
an image dozens of times per second.

Then transmit that picture across
the airwaves, at the speed of light.

Time doesn't exist when you're creating.

24 hours feels like an hour and the next
thing you know, the whole day is passed.

That is cretering. Nothing else matters.

You are the only person who
might understand this idea.

Farnsworth shares his idea with his high
school science teacher, Justin Tolman.

You came up with this yourself?
- Yes.

It was unbelievable to a man of science,

like Justin Tolman, that a kid would
have this miraculous breakthrough that

scientists around the
world hadn't conceived of.

Be careful who you trust with this.

For the next four years,
Farnsworth's fine tube is designed.

Leaving Idaho and relocating to
California with his new wife Pem.

Farnsworth's set up a small laboratory,
determined to makes his dream a reality.

Sends images through the air without
wires and it's called television.

In a stroke of good fortune the Crocker family, one of
the original investors in the Transcontinental Railroad

gets delighted from Farnsworth's
idea and wants to invest.

$25,000 and 60% share.
- But I only asked for a 49% share.

25,000 for 60.

It was a difficult decision
that he had to face.

Which was I need to raise money to build
my television, to get it out into the world.

And the only thing he could do, was
give up partial ownership of his baby.

The investment is enough for
Farnsworth to jumpstart a small lab.

And build a prototype of his television.

It takes an entrepreneur and perhaps a team of
people, to get behind an idea and push it, push it.

They pushed to get the
capital to fund it.

They pushed against the
competition that wants to crush it.

Okay. This should do it.

All right, Cliff get that curtain shot.

Farnsworth is ready to put his prototype
to the test and glimpse the future.

All right, hit it.

We got to get something here. Hold on.

Okay try now. Still not seeing anything.

Shut it down.

Farnsworth's first attempt is a
failure. And its dream of creating

a working television,
hangs in the balance.

In less than ten years
David Sarnoff is build RCA

into a radio empire. But in San Francisco,
a young inventor named Philo Farnsworth

has built a prototype of the television.

A machine that could
crush the radio supremacy.

There's just one problem.

It doesn't work.

Farnsworth needed a way for the
negatively charged electrons, that

got shot across the cathode ray tube to

stick to the surface of the screen.

Positive and negative.

Opposites? They attract, so the coating
needs to be the most positive element.

Farnsworth focused finally on Cesium, which was
the most photopositive element he could find.

And that was really a big part of the
breakthrough that made television work.

With his design reconfigured, Farnsworth

is ready to show his investors
exactly what they've been waiting for.

Gentlemen, now you asked me when you
would see dollar signs in this gadget.

Cliff. Look right here.

It says something about Farnsworth's
conviction and the force of his personality,

that he was able to
get this up and running.

One of his investors said
the ideas in this boy's head

will astonish the world.

This is going to make us a fortune.

We just have to take
the right time to sell.

Sell? -Let's just see what
kind of offers we can get.

Farnsworth said, no
no, no. I'm an inventor.

I'm going to use the money from
licensing the patents to create more

inventions to refine the invention. He
wanted to be in control of it. He wanted

to be the Edison of television.

Farnsworth needs to convince his
investors, that they'll make more money

if they hold on to his invention.

Why don't we invite the newspapers?

A Demonstration.

Farnsworth called a press conference,
and 'San Francisco Chronicle' came

and snapped a photo of this young
genius and his amazing light machine.

While Farnsworth applies for a
patent the news of his television

quickly spreads throughout the country.

And land on the desk of David Sarnoff.

Sarnoff's reaction was a little bit of
panic, because he was the radio monopoly.

And in one sense, television could
disrupt the market for radios. People

might stop buying radios, if they
read that in a near-future I could see

pictures on this thing.

If Sarnoff can patent
television first, then RCA could

own this new technology,
just like they do radio.

He had a very keen awareness of

how important it was, and how much
power having a patent, could give you, in

shaping the course of future
technological development.

But to compete with a
minds like Philo Farnsworth,

Sarnoff will need someone
equally as brilliant.

And he finds his man, Vladimir Zworykin.

Zworykin was a Russian engineer who was
working at Westinghouse in Pittsburgh.

Who had early designs on
electronic television as well.

Zworykin has filed for patents on
his own electronic television system,

but he hasn't been able to
produce a design that works.

Here will be capture the
image and send it wirelessly.

Sarnoff offers Zworykin four times the budget
of Farnsworth's. To bring television to life.

David Sarnoff knew that television
had to be invented at RCA

and he needed to take credit for
the invention, whatever the cost.

The race to invent television has begun.

This is going to make us a fortune.

In the late 1920s, television is
on the cusp of becoming a reality.

And radio giant David Sarnoff wants this
new technology under the control of RCA.

But by August 1930, Philo Farnsworth is

already way ahead of him. Three years
earlier the young inventor submitted a

patent for his design and
finally it's been approved.

According to the US government Philo Farnsworth
is the inventor of electronic television.

His patents will last for seventeen years
and now he's in reach of his ultimate goal.

A television in every American
home, with the Farnsworth name on it.

Is that it?

David Sarnoff has spent $100,000

to recruit Vladimir Zworykin,
to develop a television for RCA.

Well, we just need to figure out a way to keep the
negative charge from building up on the screen.

In other words his works
and, ours doesn't.

Sarnoff refuses to be beaten to the most
important invention of the 20th century.

So it makes a bold move to put
television at the forefront of RCA.

It's impossible to boil David Sarnoff
down to one thing. He is either

a corporate visionary or the most ruthless
robber baron you can possibly imagine.

Despite the fact that
Farnsworth owns the patent,

Sarnoff announces that RCA will invest 1
million dollars in developing a television.

David Sarnoff thought that if he
couldn't buy up a patent outright,

he would steal it. And if he couldn't steal
it, he would find a way to delay progress, to

give his own team time to do the same
thing in a different way. To his way of

thinking, that was how
the game was played.

Farnsworth can see the race is heating up and
if he wants to compete, he has to move fast.

Farnsworth faced the choice, either he
could raise massive amounts of capital

and begin manufacturing
television sets himself, or he

could licenses his patents and begin working
with a radio company, that knew how to

manufacture this kind of equipment.

In an effort to get his television to market before RCA,
Farnsworth turns to a Philadelphia based radio manufacturer

called Philco.

But just when Farnsworth
is starting to make progress

he's blindsided by the
power of David Sarnoff.

Philco like almost every other radio manufacturer,
has the licensed radio patents from RCA.

Look at the numbers.

And when David Sarnoff learns of their television partnership
with Farnsworth, he decides to flex all of his muscle.

What's Sarnoff ends up doing, essentially
is pressure Philco to get out of television,

by saying, if you keep working with Farnsworth, we
will stop allowing you to use RCA's radio patents.

Philo, Philo? - Philco
is backing out. - What?

Sarnoff's aggressive tactics had
backed Farnsworth into a corner.

If Farnsworth is going to win, he'll
have to find a way to strike back.

We're going to sue him.
- Philo?

David Sarnoff has blocked Philo Farnsworth from manufacturing
his television. But Farnsworth isn't backing down.

Now in a bold move, the young inventor will meet the Vladimir
Zworykin, and the best lawyers RCA's money can buy, in court.

To determine whom the invention
of television really belongs to.

Was television invented by Mr. Zworykin, working with
brilliant minds in the world's finest research facility

or is were invented by
a 15 year old farm boy?

RCA mobilized the strength of its full legal
department, and they had some of the best

lawyers in the country. Farnsworth had
what he felt, was the right on his side.

The case rests on who had a design
for working television first.

Vladimir Zworykin filed
his patent in 1923.

While Farnsworth submitted in 1927.

Four years later.

If RCA can prove Zworykin's original design was
functional, Farnsworth could lose everything.

The question at stake was who described

in their patent applications a
working television system first.

And this was a pretty hard to figure out. So
they had to hash all this out in patent court.

Technical experts had to go through all
the evidence. Is our belief if this court

is able to answer this question
successfully, by laying out an accurate

chronology, it will have no
choice but to find for my client.

The hearing drags on
for 15 bruising months.

Farnsworth's legal fees reached $30,000,
over half a million dollars in today's money.

And the ordeal is
taking a brutal toll.

The fighting back and forth
between his operation and RCA,

it's proven a real physical and
emotional strain. He turns to alcohol.

David Sarnoff knows he has time on his
side. The longer deliberations last the

longer he can keep Farnsworth away
from his lab and his invention.

The important cannot be allowed to
distract us from the essence of this case.

It's very much a David
and Goliath scenario.

Farnsworth doesn't have deep pockets, and Sarnoff
knows he can spend this out as long as he has to.

With no hard evidence to prove that
he came up with television first

the case is turning against Farnsworth.

But he has one last hope.

The Plaintiff calls its next witness.

How do you know Mr. Farnsworth?
- I was his teacher at high school.

And how did you come to learn of his idea?
- One day after science class, he explained it to me.

And you evaluated the idea and judged
it to have merit, is that correct?

As best I could.

When was your training, in physics?

I studied chemistry and taught it...
- Oh, but no training, no background, but you come here

and testify that what Mr. Farnsworth
told you in 1922, when he was 15 years,

matches his patent from 1930?

I have proof.

He not only told me about
television, he drew me a picture.

Tolman's testimony proves that Farnsworth conceived of
a working television. One year before Zworykin.

This was an amazingly
dramatic moment for Farnsworth,

because Mr. Tolman remembered this kid,
as the smartest student he's ever had.

This was a very powerful
emotional statement of his

teacher coming to his defense. To
hopefully win this landmark patent war.

In fact Farnsworth's childhood sketch is
remarkably similar to his actual plans.

On July 22nd 1935, Farnsworth
is awarded priority of invention.

He's free and cleared to purse his
dream to make and sell televisions.

But his victory is short-lived.

We have a rigorous
appeals strategy plan.

Keep him busy, file injunctions, delay him.
- For how long?

For years, until his patents expire.

Despite the ruling, Sarnoff
refuses to admit defeat.

By applying legal pressure and leading
on political connections, he's determined

to keep Farnsworth from manufacturing.
Buying time for Zworykin to build a

working television for RCA. One that

isn't dependent on Farnsworth's patents.

Sarnoff brings his power to bear, to
suppress any business advantage that

Farnsworth might have had. Basically he's
trying to cut off any flow of money and

essentially tighten the
noose around Farnsworth.

Farnsworth has developed a 10 inch
television with 343 lines of resolution.

He's won the right in court to
manufacture it and make a fortune.

But in every turn, he's
blocked by David Sarnoff.

Farnsworth had a lot going for him.
He had a working television system.

He had the patent rights to produce the
television system and earn money from it.

But he couldn't do it.
Farnsworth was powerless.

While David Sarnoff keeps Philo Farnsworth
from manufacturing his invention,

the media mogul begins laying the
groundwork for his television empire.

He builds a new lab in the center of
Manhattan and begins conducting tests

from a transmitter atop
the Empire State building.

Sarnoff has a grand plan to launch America's first
television network, called the National Broadcasting Company.

Or NBC. But he can't do any of it.

Unless Vladimir Zworykin can
build him a television that works.

Mr. Sarnoff?
- Where is your team?

It's Sunday.

I need you to get me a
television that I can sell.

The tycoons of the 19th century,

The Vanderbilts, the
Morgans, the Carnegies.

Sarnoff has definitely saw himself as one
of those people. When he saw technology that he

felt had potential, he was willing to put
in, as much money, time, manpower, resources,

as necessary to bring it to fruition.

Zworykin rises to Sarnoff's challenge,

steadily improving their
prototype's resolution line by line.

Zworykin was a very, very, talented. Very
accomplished scientist, and Sarnoff had

the good sense to supply him with the
tools he needed and let him get on with it.

And Zworykin did.

Zworykin gets his television
up to 441 lines of resolution.

and 30 frames per second.

The same as Farnsworth's.

Sarnoff has spent a modern equivalent of 165
million dollars to finally match his rival.

Farnsworth has spend less than a tenth of what Sarnoff
has, but the physical and mental toil has been high.

By 1939, Farnsworth had been working 18-hour days
for 15 years. And he was driving so hard at it.

And he was compensating by drinking
heavily. He wasn't getting sleep.

He had ulcers. He had all
kinds of personal problems.

There was an enormous cost for
Farnsworth of the ongoing struggles, but

he always rallied, he always came
back. And as bad as things got,

he never gave up.

As Farnsworth continues to
labor on his dream, Sarnoff

is ready to go public with Zworykin's
creation, at the greatest show on earth

the 1939 New York World's fair.

With its theme The World
of Tomorrow, it would draw

44 million people.

The world is about to be
introduced to television.

How do I look? - Good,
sir. - It's important.

It is with a very deep sense of humility, that I come
to this moment of announcing the birth in this country,

of a new art, so important in its implications,
that it is bound to affect all society.

Television is an art that shines like
a torch of hope to a troubled world.

And now ladies and gentlemen
we add sight to sound.

Move, move, move.

Get out of the way.
- Watch it, kid.

It is with a very deep sense of humility, that I come
to this moment of announcing the birth in this country,

of a new art, so important in its implications,
that it is bound to affect all society.

Television is an art that shines like
a torch of hope to a troubled world.

David Sarnoff has beaten Philo Farnsworth
in the battle to introduce America to

the technological marvel of television.

Get out of the way.
- Watch it, kid.

Even though the courts named
Farnsworth, the creator of television.

It's Sarnoff who's
getting all the credit.

Farnsworth was powerless to
overcome that kind of publicity.

Farnsworth was essentially done in,
by the power of his own invention.

The hidden power of television was you
could create an image that was perceived as

reality and you could not overcome that.

Despite his public victory, Sarnoff
isn't satisfied with his current model.

Vladimir Zworykin, keeps working and
develops a second television, that's far

superior to the first. The only catch is,
that use elements of Farnsworth's design.

To put the best
television on the market,

Sarnoff will need to do the one
thing he swore RCA never would.

Sarnoff tells his lawyers that they
need to go purchase the rights to use

Farnsworth's patents. Something that RCA
had never done. They're used to having

other people pay them patent royalties.
This was a complete reversal of their

normal business practice,
but they had to do that.

It's the pay-out that the
inventor has always wanted.

But before Farnsworth is able to meaningfully
advances his design fate intervenes.

Yesterday, December 7, 1941

A date which will live in infamy.

The USA was suddenly
and deliberately attacked

by naval and air forces
of the Empire of Japan.

Suddenly, TV is the last
thing on American minds.

When the US got involved in
the war all manufacturing in

the united states had to be dedicated
to wartime equipment, so television

was literally put on hold for six years.

Farnsworth's patents expired in 1946. So he was
not able to earn royalties from his invention,

in time for this incredible explosion
of television taking over America.

By the time the war ends, Farnsworth's patents are no
longer valid. Now anyone can use the technology he devised.

David Sarnoff seizes the moment.

RCA develops its first consumer
TV at the end of the war

and sells nearly 10,000
in its first year.

Television did what radio had
already been doing but did it better.

So now not only could you hear what was
happening, you can see what was happening.

You could be there.

Sarnoff's TV network, NBC has been broadcasting
experimentally since 1937. Now it's ready

for primetime and television
enters its golden age.

Television unified the world

in a way that it never had before. For
the first time instead of just hearing

of what was going someplace else, you
could now see live what was going on

half a world away. This was an amazing, almost
magical ability, granted to us by this technology.

In a matter of three years the number
of televisions in American living rooms

climbs from forty thousand
to over nine million.

And RCA's profits increased from nine million in 1940
to nearly fifty million dollars just ten years later.

It isn't long before television takes over as
the most popular form of entertainment in America.

In 1969 television cements its place in human
history when the world watches an unprecedented

broadcast from outer space.

One small step for a man,
one giant leap for mankind.

One of the 600 million people watching
the historic event, is Philo Farnsworth.

Setting up the flag now. I guess you're about the
only person around it doesn't have TV coverage of the scene.

Farnsworth created television really to
bring people together around powerful images

and watching the Lunar Landing on his
sofa which was broadcast to the biggest

audience ever assembled in history of
the world, it was really a final moment

of redemption for him.
This is why he did it.

This makes it all worthwhile.

Sarnoff may have been the one to introduce the world
to electronic television, but history will go on to

recognize the Philo Farnsworth, as the true creator, of
one of the most significant inventions of the 20th century.

How's the
quality of the TV?

Beautiful, just beautiful.

Preuzeto sa www.titlovi.com