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1
00:01:19,179 --> 00:01:21,214
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2
00:01:22,215 --> 00:01:23,417
Dr. Oppenheimer.
3
00:01:24,752 --> 00:01:26,353
As we begin, I believe you have
4
00:01:26,386 --> 00:01:28,388
a statement to read
into the record.
5
00:01:30,223 --> 00:01:31,425
Yes, Your Honor.
6
00:01:31,458 --> 00:01:33,561
We're not judges, Doctor.
7
00:01:33,595 --> 00:01:34,629
No.
8
00:01:35,730 --> 00:01:37,130
Of course.
9
00:01:42,336 --> 00:01:45,272
Members of the security board,
10
00:01:45,305 --> 00:01:47,609
the so-called
derogatory information
11
00:01:47,642 --> 00:01:50,545
in your indictment of me
cannot be fairly understood,
12
00:01:50,578 --> 00:01:54,414
except in the context
of my life and my work.
13
00:01:55,382 --> 00:01:57,619
How long did he testify?
14
00:01:57,652 --> 00:01:59,386
Honestly, I forget.
15
00:02:00,788 --> 00:02:02,757
The whole hearing took a month.
16
00:02:02,790 --> 00:02:04,224
An ordeal, hmm?
17
00:02:04,257 --> 00:02:05,927
Well, I've only
read the transcripts.
18
00:02:08,495 --> 00:02:10,230
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
19
00:02:10,263 --> 00:02:11,498
You weren't there?
20
00:02:11,532 --> 00:02:13,835
As chairman,
I wasn't allowed to be.
21
00:02:13,868 --> 00:02:16,436
Are they really
going to ask about it?
22
00:02:16,470 --> 00:02:18,573
-It was years ago.
-Four years ago...
23
00:02:18,606 --> 00:02:19,641
Five.
24
00:02:20,508 --> 00:02:22,242
Oppenheimer
still divides America.
25
00:02:22,275 --> 00:02:24,646
The committee is gonna want
to know where you stood.
26
00:02:24,679 --> 00:02:26,781
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
27
00:02:26,814 --> 00:02:28,650
not to feel that
you're on trial.
28
00:02:28,683 --> 00:02:32,219
Oh, funny, I didn't
till you just said that.
29
00:02:32,252 --> 00:02:33,855
-Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
30
00:02:33,888 --> 00:02:36,824
Um, Admiral Strauss.
This is a formality.
31
00:02:36,858 --> 00:02:39,359
President Eisenhower has asked
you to be in his cabinet.
32
00:02:39,393 --> 00:02:41,261
Senate really has no choice
but to confirm you.
33
00:02:41,294 --> 00:02:43,531
And if they bring up
Oppenheimer?
34
00:02:43,564 --> 00:02:45,933
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly.
35
00:02:45,967 --> 00:02:48,368
No senator can deny
you did your duty.
36
00:02:48,402 --> 00:02:50,538
It'll be uncomfortable.
37
00:02:50,571 --> 00:02:52,707
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
38
00:02:57,645 --> 00:03:00,347
Why did you leave
the United States?
39
00:03:02,449 --> 00:03:05,853
I, uh... I wanted to study
the new physics.
40
00:03:05,887 --> 00:03:07,421
Was there nowhere here?
41
00:03:07,454 --> 00:03:09,456
I thought Berkeley
had the leading
42
00:03:09,489 --> 00:03:11,324
theoretical physics department.
43
00:03:11,358 --> 00:03:13,928
Yes. Once I built it.
44
00:03:13,961 --> 00:03:15,563
But first I had to go to Europe.
45
00:03:15,596 --> 00:03:18,966
I went to Cambridge to study
under Patrick Blackett.
46
00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:21,602
Were you happier there
than in America?
47
00:03:21,636 --> 00:03:23,771
-Happier?
-Yes.
48
00:03:27,742 --> 00:03:30,745
No. No, I, uh...
49
00:03:33,748 --> 00:03:35,583
I was homesick, um...
50
00:03:36,450 --> 00:03:38,418
...emotionally immature...
51
00:03:39,587 --> 00:03:44,726
...troubled by visions
of a hidden universe.
52
00:03:55,770 --> 00:03:57,605
Useless in the lab.
53
00:04:02,643 --> 00:04:04,746
Christ, Oppenheimer.
54
00:04:04,779 --> 00:04:06,848
Have you had any sleep?
55
00:04:08,649 --> 00:04:09,884
Start again.
56
00:04:09,917 --> 00:04:12,419
I need to go
to the lecture, sir.
57
00:04:12,452 --> 00:04:13,855
Why?
58
00:04:13,888 --> 00:04:15,790
It's Niels Bohr.
59
00:04:18,593 --> 00:04:20,293
Damn, completely forgot.
60
00:04:20,327 --> 00:04:22,530
All right.
Let's go.
61
00:04:24,866 --> 00:04:26,768
Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer.
62
00:04:26,801 --> 00:04:27,902
You finish coating those plates.
63
00:04:27,935 --> 00:04:29,771
You see them?
64
00:04:35,342 --> 00:04:37,310
Don't forget to clean up!
65
00:05:08,475 --> 00:05:12,412
Quantum physics
is not a step forward,
66
00:05:12,445 --> 00:05:15,950
it is a new way
to understand reality.
67
00:05:15,983 --> 00:05:19,554
Einstein's opened the door,
now we are peering through,
68
00:05:19,587 --> 00:05:22,489
seeing a world inside our world.
69
00:05:22,523 --> 00:05:27,929
A world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
70
00:06:10,037 --> 00:06:11,471
Yeah, definitely.
71
00:06:11,505 --> 00:06:12,874
Are you all right?
72
00:06:14,108 --> 00:06:15,943
Niels, meet
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
73
00:06:15,977 --> 00:06:17,477
What's the "J" stand for?
74
00:06:17,511 --> 00:06:19,479
Nothing, apparently.
75
00:06:19,513 --> 00:06:20,615
You were at my lecture.
76
00:06:20,648 --> 00:06:22,049
You asked
the only good question.
77
00:06:22,083 --> 00:06:23,818
No one's denying his insight.
78
00:06:23,851 --> 00:06:25,920
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
79
00:06:25,953 --> 00:06:27,788
I heard
you give the same lecture...
80
00:06:27,822 --> 00:06:31,025
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
81
00:06:31,058 --> 00:06:32,159
Why ask again?
82
00:06:32,193 --> 00:06:33,794
Hadn't liked your answer.
83
00:06:35,162 --> 00:06:36,898
Did you like it better
yesterday?
84
00:06:36,931 --> 00:06:38,199
A lot.
85
00:06:38,232 --> 00:06:40,134
You can lift the stone
without being ready
86
00:06:40,167 --> 00:06:42,536
for the snake that's revealed.
87
00:06:42,570 --> 00:06:44,705
Now it seems you're ready.
88
00:06:44,739 --> 00:06:47,041
But you don't enjoy the lab?
89
00:06:47,074 --> 00:06:49,944
So get out of Cambridge
with its beakers and potions.
90
00:06:49,977 --> 00:06:52,947
Go somewhere they let you think.
91
00:06:53,948 --> 00:06:55,583
Where?
92
00:06:56,217 --> 00:06:57,218
Göttingen.
93
00:06:57,251 --> 00:06:59,186
-Born?
-Born.
94
00:06:59,220 --> 00:07:01,188
Get to Germany,
study under Max Born.
95
00:07:01,222 --> 00:07:03,858
Learn the ways of theory.
96
00:07:03,891 --> 00:07:04,926
I'll send word.
97
00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:08,663
Wormhole.
98
00:07:08,696 --> 00:07:10,064
How's your mathematics?
99
00:07:10,097 --> 00:07:12,066
Not good enough for
the physicist he wants to be.
100
00:07:12,099 --> 00:07:14,669
Algebra's like sheet music.
101
00:07:14,702 --> 00:07:17,171
The important thing isn't
"Can you read music?"
102
00:07:17,204 --> 00:07:18,205
It's "Can you hear it?"
103
00:07:18,239 --> 00:07:21,542
Can you hear the music, Robert?
104
00:07:22,510 --> 00:07:24,078
Yes, I can.
105
00:08:59,807 --> 00:09:01,308
The senator from Wyoming.
106
00:09:02,276 --> 00:09:04,745
Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
107
00:09:04,779 --> 00:09:07,648
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
108
00:09:07,681 --> 00:09:09,283
You met him in 1947?
109
00:09:09,316 --> 00:09:10,284
Correct.
110
00:09:10,317 --> 00:09:12,086
You were commissioner
111
00:09:12,119 --> 00:09:13,687
of the Atomic Energy Commission?
112
00:09:13,721 --> 00:09:17,658
I was, but I-I actually
met Robert in my capacity
113
00:09:17,691 --> 00:09:20,361
as board member of the
Institute for Advanced Study
114
00:09:20,394 --> 00:09:22,196
at Princeton because
115
00:09:22,229 --> 00:09:24,865
after the war,
he was world-renowned
116
00:09:24,899 --> 00:09:27,301
as the great man of physics,
and I was determined
117
00:09:27,334 --> 00:09:30,037
to get him to run the Institute.
118
00:09:39,213 --> 00:09:42,283
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
119
00:09:42,316 --> 00:09:43,651
Mr. Strauss.
120
00:09:43,684 --> 00:09:44,985
It's pronounced "straws."
121
00:09:45,886 --> 00:09:47,354
Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer.
122
00:09:47,388 --> 00:09:49,256
Whatever way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
123
00:09:50,791 --> 00:09:53,394
I'm president of Temple Emanu-El
in Manhattan.
124
00:09:53,427 --> 00:09:55,696
"Straws" is just
the Southern pronunciation.
125
00:09:55,729 --> 00:09:56,764
-Ah.
-Anyway,
126
00:09:56,797 --> 00:09:58,232
welcome to the Institute.
127
00:09:58,265 --> 00:09:59,900
I think you could be
very happy here.
128
00:09:59,934 --> 00:10:01,869
Yes, well,
you'll love the commute.
129
00:10:01,902 --> 00:10:03,237
The position comes
with that house
130
00:10:03,270 --> 00:10:04,738
for you and your wife
131
00:10:04,772 --> 00:10:06,941
and your, is it two children?
132
00:10:06,974 --> 00:10:07,775
Yes, two.
133
00:10:07,808 --> 00:10:10,744
I'm a great admirer
of your work.
134
00:10:10,778 --> 00:10:12,980
And you're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
135
00:10:13,013 --> 00:10:15,082
I'm sorry, uh,
common room 4:00 tea.
136
00:10:15,116 --> 00:10:17,885
No, I'm not trained in physics
or anything else.
137
00:10:17,918 --> 00:10:19,753
-I'm a self-made man.
-Ah.
138
00:10:19,787 --> 00:10:21,789
-I can relate to that.
-Really?
139
00:10:21,822 --> 00:10:24,158
Yes, my father was one.
140
00:10:24,191 --> 00:10:27,761
And this would be your office.
141
00:10:36,937 --> 00:10:38,873
I'm told he's there
most afternoons.
142
00:10:38,906 --> 00:10:41,008
You know, I've always wondered
143
00:10:41,041 --> 00:10:44,645
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
144
00:10:45,412 --> 00:10:48,916
Greatest scientific mind
of our time.
145
00:10:48,949 --> 00:10:50,818
Of his time.
146
00:10:50,851 --> 00:10:52,887
Einstein published
his Theory of Relativity
147
00:10:52,920 --> 00:10:55,856
more than 40 years ago now.
148
00:10:56,924 --> 00:10:59,360
But never embraced
the quantum world it revealed.
149
00:10:59,393 --> 00:11:00,928
"God doesn't play dice."
150
00:11:00,961 --> 00:11:02,930
Precisely.
151
00:11:02,963 --> 00:11:05,766
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
152
00:11:05,799 --> 00:11:08,169
Well, I had offers,
but I chose to sell shoes.
153
00:11:08,202 --> 00:11:11,705
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
154
00:11:12,473 --> 00:11:14,375
No, just a shoe salesman.
155
00:11:14,408 --> 00:11:16,677
Huh.
156
00:11:17,945 --> 00:11:20,714
-I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
157
00:11:21,815 --> 00:11:23,284
I have known him for years.
158
00:11:44,506 --> 00:11:46,207
Albert.
159
00:11:50,811 --> 00:11:55,015
What was that?
What did you say to him?
160
00:11:57,151 --> 00:11:58,185
Oh, he's fine.
161
00:12:00,054 --> 00:12:03,357
Mr. Strauss,
there are things in my past
162
00:12:03,390 --> 00:12:04,892
you ought to be aware of.
163
00:12:04,925 --> 00:12:06,827
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
164
00:12:06,860 --> 00:12:08,329
I have access
to your security file.
165
00:12:08,362 --> 00:12:09,363
I've read it.
166
00:12:09,396 --> 00:12:10,965
-You're not worried?
-No.
167
00:12:10,998 --> 00:12:12,366
Why would I be worried
after everything
168
00:12:12,399 --> 00:12:13,867
you've done for your country?
169
00:12:13,901 --> 00:12:15,369
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
170
00:12:15,402 --> 00:12:17,238
Well, the purpose
of this institute
171
00:12:17,271 --> 00:12:19,940
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
172
00:12:20,874 --> 00:12:23,877
That's you.
You are the man for the job.
173
00:12:23,911 --> 00:12:26,514
Well, then I'll consider it.
174
00:12:26,548 --> 00:12:28,816
I'll see you
at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
175
00:12:33,220 --> 00:12:34,788
This is one
of the most prestigious
176
00:12:34,822 --> 00:12:36,558
appointments in the country.
177
00:12:36,591 --> 00:12:38,792
Yes, with a great commute.
178
00:12:38,826 --> 00:12:41,128
That's why I'm considering it.
179
00:12:41,161 --> 00:12:42,930
So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought
180
00:12:42,963 --> 00:12:45,366
your attention
to his past associations
181
00:12:45,399 --> 00:12:46,534
before you appointed him?
182
00:12:46,568 --> 00:12:48,002
Yes.
183
00:12:48,035 --> 00:12:49,870
And it didn't concern you?
184
00:12:49,903 --> 00:12:51,438
Just then,
I was entirely consumed
185
00:12:51,472 --> 00:12:55,242
with what he must have said
to Einstein to sour him on me.
186
00:12:58,846 --> 00:13:00,047
But later?
187
00:13:00,080 --> 00:13:02,016
Well, we all know
what happened later.
188
00:13:02,049 --> 00:13:04,418
Doctor, your, uh...
your time in Europe,
189
00:13:04,451 --> 00:13:06,020
you seemed to meet
with a wide range
190
00:13:06,053 --> 00:13:07,488
of other countries' physicists.
191
00:13:07,522 --> 00:13:08,523
Yes, that's right.
192
00:13:08,556 --> 00:13:10,824
Any Russians?
193
00:13:11,892 --> 00:13:13,327
None that spring to mind.
194
00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:16,263
If you'll just allow me to
continue with my statement...
195
00:13:16,297 --> 00:13:19,266
Mr. Robb, you'll have ample
opportunity to cross-examine.
196
00:13:21,503 --> 00:13:24,438
After Göttingen,
I moved on to Leiden in Holland
197
00:13:24,471 --> 00:13:27,509
where I first met Isidor Rabi.
198
00:13:27,542 --> 00:13:30,044
Excuse me.
199
00:13:33,981 --> 00:13:36,317
A Yank,
lecturing on the new physics?
200
00:13:36,350 --> 00:13:37,418
This I have to hear.
201
00:13:37,451 --> 00:13:39,486
I'm an American myself.
202
00:13:39,521 --> 00:13:41,021
How surprising.
203
00:13:41,055 --> 00:13:42,122
Um...
204
00:13:42,156 --> 00:13:44,425
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
205
00:13:58,405 --> 00:14:00,374
Wait, what's he saying?
206
00:14:10,918 --> 00:14:11,952
No, thank you.
207
00:14:11,985 --> 00:14:13,954
It's a long way to Zurich.
208
00:14:13,987 --> 00:14:15,623
You get any skinnier,
we're gonna lose you
209
00:14:15,657 --> 00:14:17,491
between the seat cushions.
210
00:14:17,525 --> 00:14:18,560
I'm Rabi.
211
00:14:18,593 --> 00:14:19,960
Oppenheimer.
212
00:14:19,993 --> 00:14:22,029
I caught your lecture
on molecules.
213
00:14:22,062 --> 00:14:23,197
Caught some of it.
214
00:14:24,331 --> 00:14:26,500
We're a couple of New York Jews.
How do you know Dutch?
215
00:14:26,534 --> 00:14:28,102
Well, I thought
I'd better learn it
216
00:14:28,135 --> 00:14:29,303
when I got here this semester.
217
00:14:29,336 --> 00:14:30,938
You learned enough Dutch
in six weeks
218
00:14:30,971 --> 00:14:32,674
to give a lecture
on quantum mechanics?
219
00:14:32,707 --> 00:14:34,208
Wanted to challenge myself.
220
00:14:34,241 --> 00:14:36,611
Quantum physics wasn't
challenging enough.
221
00:14:36,644 --> 00:14:38,379
-Schvitzer.
-Schvitzer?
222
00:14:38,412 --> 00:14:40,314
Show-off.
223
00:14:40,347 --> 00:14:42,182
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish?
224
00:14:42,216 --> 00:14:44,284
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
225
00:14:44,318 --> 00:14:45,386
Screw you.
226
00:14:46,487 --> 00:14:47,988
You homesick?
227
00:14:48,021 --> 00:14:49,423
Oh, you know it.
228
00:14:50,391 --> 00:14:53,394
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
229
00:14:53,427 --> 00:14:54,495
Physicists?
230
00:14:54,529 --> 00:14:56,029
'S funny.
231
00:14:56,063 --> 00:14:58,132
Not in the department.
232
00:14:58,165 --> 00:14:59,466
They're all Jewish too.
233
00:15:01,569 --> 00:15:02,970
Eat.
234
00:15:05,272 --> 00:15:07,408
There's a German
you have to seek out.
235
00:15:08,442 --> 00:15:10,978
-Heisenberg.
-Right.
236
00:15:20,154 --> 00:15:21,656
One might be led
to the presumption
237
00:15:21,689 --> 00:15:24,158
that behind the quantum world,
238
00:15:24,191 --> 00:15:28,061
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
239
00:15:28,095 --> 00:15:30,297
but such speculation seem to us,
240
00:15:30,330 --> 00:15:33,066
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
Thank you.
241
00:15:33,100 --> 00:15:34,536
Have a great day.
242
00:15:39,741 --> 00:15:41,442
-Wonderful.
-Thank you.
243
00:15:41,475 --> 00:15:42,710
Dr. Oppenheimer.
244
00:15:42,744 --> 00:15:44,679
Oppenheimer, yes.
245
00:15:44,712 --> 00:15:46,581
I liked your paper on molecules.
246
00:15:46,614 --> 00:15:48,115
Probably because
you inspired it.
247
00:15:48,148 --> 00:15:49,651
If I inspire anything else,
let me know.
248
00:15:49,684 --> 00:15:50,718
We could publish together.
249
00:15:50,752 --> 00:15:52,587
I have to get back to America.
250
00:15:52,620 --> 00:15:54,354
Why? There's no one there
251
00:15:54,388 --> 00:15:56,591
taking quantum mechanics
seriously.
252
00:15:56,624 --> 00:15:58,225
That's exactly why.
253
00:15:58,258 --> 00:16:00,695
He's pining for the canyons
of Manhattan.
254
00:16:00,728 --> 00:16:03,163
Canyons of New Mexico.
255
00:16:03,197 --> 00:16:04,331
-You're from New Mexico?
-No.
256
00:16:04,364 --> 00:16:06,467
New York, but my brother
and I have a ranch
257
00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:08,603
outside Santa Fe.
258
00:16:08,636 --> 00:16:11,004
That's the America
I miss right now.
259
00:16:11,038 --> 00:16:13,106
Then it's best you get home,
cowboys.
260
00:16:13,140 --> 00:16:14,742
That's him.
261
00:16:14,776 --> 00:16:18,212
No, me and horses.
I don't think so.
262
00:16:18,245 --> 00:16:20,380
Nice to meet you.
263
00:16:22,115 --> 00:16:24,251
Did you ever encounter
Heisenberg again?
264
00:16:24,284 --> 00:16:27,187
Not in person, no, but, uh...
265
00:16:28,422 --> 00:16:30,525
...you might say
our paths crossed.
266
00:16:32,092 --> 00:16:34,294
On returning to America,
I accepted positions
267
00:16:34,328 --> 00:16:37,064
at both Caltech
and up at Berkeley.
268
00:16:40,768 --> 00:16:42,402
I got it, it's all right.
269
00:17:01,121 --> 00:17:03,156
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
270
00:17:04,559 --> 00:17:05,793
You must be Oppenheimer.
271
00:17:05,827 --> 00:17:07,361
Yes.
272
00:17:07,394 --> 00:17:09,731
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
273
00:17:09,764 --> 00:17:11,431
I am starting it. Next door.
274
00:17:11,465 --> 00:17:13,300
-They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
275
00:17:13,333 --> 00:17:15,402
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
276
00:17:15,435 --> 00:17:17,805
Theory will get you
only so far, huh?
277
00:17:17,839 --> 00:17:19,807
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
278
00:17:19,841 --> 00:17:22,544
-Magnificent.
-Would you like to help?
279
00:17:22,577 --> 00:17:24,411
Build it? Oh, no.
280
00:17:24,444 --> 00:17:25,547
No, no.
281
00:17:25,580 --> 00:17:28,148
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
282
00:17:28,181 --> 00:17:29,182
When do you start teaching?
283
00:17:29,216 --> 00:17:31,084
I've got my first in an hour.
284
00:17:31,118 --> 00:17:33,120
-Seminar?
-Pupil.
285
00:17:33,153 --> 00:17:36,390
One student? That's it?
286
00:17:36,423 --> 00:17:39,159
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
287
00:17:39,192 --> 00:17:41,194
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
288
00:17:41,228 --> 00:17:42,697
There's no going back.
289
00:17:44,866 --> 00:17:47,167
-Oh. I must have missed the...
-Ah. Lo...
290
00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:49,202
-Mr. Lomanitz?
-Na.
291
00:17:50,404 --> 00:17:51,305
Yeah.
292
00:17:51,338 --> 00:17:53,440
Yes, this is it. Please.
293
00:17:53,473 --> 00:17:54,542
Take a seat.
294
00:17:59,413 --> 00:18:01,214
What do you know
about quantum mechanics?
295
00:18:01,248 --> 00:18:03,618
I have a grasp on the basics.
296
00:18:03,651 --> 00:18:05,218
Then you're doing it wrong.
297
00:18:06,453 --> 00:18:08,723
Is light made up
of particles or waves?
298
00:18:08,756 --> 00:18:09,891
Quantum mechanics
says it's both.
299
00:18:09,924 --> 00:18:11,526
How could it be both?
300
00:18:11,559 --> 00:18:13,460
-It can't.
-It can't.
301
00:18:13,493 --> 00:18:18,365
But it is. It's paradoxical,
and yet, it works.
302
00:18:25,506 --> 00:18:26,507
Now.
303
00:18:28,375 --> 00:18:30,344
Thank you.
304
00:18:30,377 --> 00:18:33,380
Mr. Lomanitz.
You're gonna be okay.
305
00:18:33,413 --> 00:18:34,782
Mr. Snyder.
306
00:18:34,816 --> 00:18:36,350
Now let's consider a star.
307
00:18:36,383 --> 00:18:39,921
A star. A vast furnace
burning in outer space,
308
00:18:39,954 --> 00:18:43,357
fire pushing outwards
against its own gravity.
309
00:18:43,390 --> 00:18:44,826
Balanced.
310
00:18:44,859 --> 00:18:47,160
But if that furnace cools...
311
00:18:48,529 --> 00:18:50,531
...and gravity starts winning,
it contracts.
312
00:18:51,532 --> 00:18:52,499
Density increases.
313
00:18:52,533 --> 00:18:53,735
Correct.
314
00:18:53,768 --> 00:18:54,936
Increasing gravity.
315
00:18:54,969 --> 00:18:56,470
Increasing density.
316
00:18:56,504 --> 00:18:58,640
-And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
317
00:18:58,673 --> 00:19:00,307
what's the limit here?
318
00:19:01,475 --> 00:19:03,711
I don't know.
See where the math takes us.
319
00:19:03,745 --> 00:19:05,513
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before.
320
00:19:05,546 --> 00:19:07,447
Me?
321
00:19:07,481 --> 00:19:09,651
Yes, you.
Your math is better than mine.
322
00:19:11,385 --> 00:19:13,487
Dr. Oppenheimer's file
323
00:19:13,521 --> 00:19:15,923
contained detail
of his activities in Berkeley.
324
00:19:15,957 --> 00:19:17,424
Why would they have
started a file
325
00:19:17,457 --> 00:19:20,394
on Dr. Oppenheimer
before the war?
326
00:19:20,427 --> 00:19:22,897
Well, you'd have
to ask Mr. Hoover.
327
00:19:22,930 --> 00:19:24,799
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
328
00:19:24,832 --> 00:19:27,769
Uh, my assumption is that
329
00:19:27,802 --> 00:19:30,938
it was connected to his, uh,
330
00:19:30,972 --> 00:19:33,508
left-wing political activities.
331
00:19:34,609 --> 00:19:36,276
You shouldn't
let them bring up politics
332
00:19:36,309 --> 00:19:37,645
in the classroom, Oppie.
333
00:19:37,679 --> 00:19:39,413
I wrote that.
334
00:19:39,446 --> 00:19:42,717
Lawrence, you embrace
the revolution in physics.
335
00:19:42,750 --> 00:19:44,552
Can't you see it
everywhere else?
336
00:19:44,585 --> 00:19:46,688
Picasso, Stravinsky,
Freud, Marx.
337
00:19:46,721 --> 00:19:48,321
Well, this is America, Oppie.
338
00:19:48,355 --> 00:19:49,724
We had our revolution.
339
00:19:50,858 --> 00:19:53,360
Seriously,
keep it out of the lab.
340
00:19:53,393 --> 00:19:56,496
Well, out of the lab,
my landlady
341
00:19:56,531 --> 00:19:59,332
is having a discussion group
tonight. Interested?
342
00:19:59,366 --> 00:20:01,435
I have sampled
the Berkeley political scene.
343
00:20:01,468 --> 00:20:03,504
It's all just
philosophy post-grads
344
00:20:03,538 --> 00:20:05,840
and Communists
talking integration.
345
00:20:05,873 --> 00:20:07,542
You don't care
about integration.
346
00:20:07,575 --> 00:20:09,443
I want to vote for it,
not talk about it.
347
00:20:09,476 --> 00:20:11,478
'Specially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
348
00:20:11,512 --> 00:20:13,848
I'm meeting my brother there.
349
00:20:13,881 --> 00:20:15,750
And how would these activities
350
00:20:15,783 --> 00:20:16,918
have come to the attention
351
00:20:16,951 --> 00:20:17,952
of the FBI?
352
00:20:17,985 --> 00:20:19,954
Well, if I remember correctly,
353
00:20:19,987 --> 00:20:21,923
the FBI was taking
license plates
354
00:20:21,956 --> 00:20:24,291
outside suspected
Communist gatherings,
355
00:20:24,324 --> 00:20:26,326
and his name popped up.
356
00:20:33,901 --> 00:20:35,435
-Gotcha!
-Jesus Christ.
357
00:20:35,469 --> 00:20:37,772
-Sorry. Hi, brother.
-Frank.
358
00:20:38,773 --> 00:20:40,508
Uh, you remember Jackie.
359
00:20:40,541 --> 00:20:42,009
Evening.
360
00:20:42,043 --> 00:20:44,011
Let's go. Come.
361
00:20:44,045 --> 00:20:46,614
Right over there,
right over there.
362
00:20:47,548 --> 00:20:50,551
Robert. I want you
to meet Chevalier.
363
00:20:50,585 --> 00:20:54,287
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
364
00:20:54,321 --> 00:20:55,489
-Pleasure.
-Pleasure.
365
00:20:55,523 --> 00:20:56,824
This is my little brother,
Frank.
366
00:20:56,858 --> 00:20:58,059
-And this is...
-Hello.
367
00:20:58,092 --> 00:21:00,027
-Still Jackie.
-Hello, Still Jackie.
368
00:21:00,061 --> 00:21:02,029
Chevalier, you're in languages?
369
00:21:02,063 --> 00:21:03,798
And your reputation
precedes you.
370
00:21:03,831 --> 00:21:05,566
-What have you heard?
-Excuse me.
371
00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:07,367
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
372
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:08,636
I have no chance
of understanding,
373
00:21:08,669 --> 00:21:10,037
but I hadn't heard
you're a Party member.
374
00:21:10,071 --> 00:21:12,372
-Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
375
00:21:12,405 --> 00:21:14,374
Frank and I are thinking of
joining. Just the other day,
376
00:21:14,407 --> 00:21:16,043
-I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
377
00:21:16,077 --> 00:21:17,712
The Spanish Civil War?
378
00:21:17,745 --> 00:21:19,479
A democratic republic
being overthrown
379
00:21:19,514 --> 00:21:20,815
by fascist thugs, who wouldn't?
380
00:21:20,848 --> 00:21:22,517
Our government.
381
00:21:22,550 --> 00:21:24,018
They think that socialism is
a bigger threat than fascism.
382
00:21:24,051 --> 00:21:25,553
Not for long.
383
00:21:25,586 --> 00:21:27,387
Look at what the Nazis
are doing to the Jews.
384
00:21:27,420 --> 00:21:29,991
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
385
00:21:30,024 --> 00:21:32,059
I have to do something.
386
00:21:32,093 --> 00:21:35,462
My own work is so abstract.
387
00:21:35,495 --> 00:21:37,064
What are you working on?
388
00:21:37,098 --> 00:21:39,033
What happens to the stars
when they die.
389
00:21:39,066 --> 00:21:40,500
Do stars die?
390
00:21:41,702 --> 00:21:43,004
Well, if they do,
391
00:21:43,037 --> 00:21:44,939
they'd cool, then collapse.
392
00:21:44,972 --> 00:21:47,608
In fact, the bigger the star,
393
00:21:47,642 --> 00:21:50,343
the more violent its demise.
394
00:21:50,377 --> 00:21:51,913
The gravity gets so concentrated
395
00:21:51,946 --> 00:21:54,916
it swallows everything.
396
00:21:54,949 --> 00:21:55,917
Everything, even light.
397
00:21:55,950 --> 00:21:57,118
Can that really happen?
398
00:21:57,151 --> 00:21:58,953
The math says it can.
399
00:21:58,986 --> 00:22:00,420
If we can get published,
400
00:22:00,453 --> 00:22:02,023
then perhaps one day,
an astronomer finds one.
401
00:22:02,056 --> 00:22:03,791
But right now,
all I have is theory,
402
00:22:03,825 --> 00:22:05,693
which can't impact
people's lives.
403
00:22:05,726 --> 00:22:07,995
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
404
00:22:08,029 --> 00:22:09,597
do it through
the Communist Party.
405
00:22:09,630 --> 00:22:10,965
They can get it
to the front lines.
406
00:22:10,998 --> 00:22:13,400
Mary sent me with these.
407
00:22:14,101 --> 00:22:16,904
-I'm Jean.
-Robert.
408
00:22:16,938 --> 00:22:18,438
Haakon Chevalier.
409
00:22:18,471 --> 00:22:20,007
The union meeting at Serber's
last month?
410
00:22:20,041 --> 00:22:21,441
Right, right, yes.
411
00:22:21,474 --> 00:22:22,844
Oh, thank you.
412
00:22:22,877 --> 00:22:25,112
Robert here says
he's not a Communist.
413
00:22:25,146 --> 00:22:27,447
Well, then he doesn't know
enough about it.
414
00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:29,851
Oh, I've read
Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
415
00:22:29,884 --> 00:22:31,519
Does that count?
416
00:22:31,552 --> 00:22:33,521
It would make you better read
than most party members.
417
00:22:33,554 --> 00:22:35,857
Turgid stuff.
There's some thinking, um,
418
00:22:35,890 --> 00:22:37,058
"Ownership is theft."
419
00:22:37,091 --> 00:22:38,993
-"Property."
-"Property"?
420
00:22:39,026 --> 00:22:40,828
"Property," not "ownership."
421
00:22:40,862 --> 00:22:42,897
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
422
00:22:42,930 --> 00:22:45,600
Well.
423
00:22:46,466 --> 00:22:47,835
It's not about the book.
424
00:22:47,869 --> 00:22:50,872
It's about the ideas.
And you sound uncommitted.
425
00:22:50,905 --> 00:22:52,540
Well, I'm committed
to thinking freely
426
00:22:52,573 --> 00:22:55,009
about how to improve our world.
427
00:22:55,042 --> 00:22:57,144
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
428
00:22:57,178 --> 00:23:00,147
You're a physicist,
you pick and choose rules?
429
00:23:00,181 --> 00:23:01,749
Or do you use the discipline
430
00:23:01,782 --> 00:23:03,918
to channel your energies
into progress?
431
00:23:03,951 --> 00:23:06,354
I like a little wiggle room.
432
00:23:07,454 --> 00:23:09,657
Do you always
tow the party line?
433
00:23:11,025 --> 00:23:12,793
I like my wiggle room too.
434
00:23:22,937 --> 00:23:25,472
What?
435
00:23:25,506 --> 00:23:26,674
Wait, wait, wait.
436
00:23:30,578 --> 00:23:32,179
Unexpected.
437
00:23:32,213 --> 00:23:34,115
-What?
-For a physicist.
438
00:23:34,148 --> 00:23:36,918
You only have a shelf
full of Freud?
439
00:23:36,951 --> 00:23:39,820
Well, actually,
my background's more...
440
00:23:39,854 --> 00:23:41,689
Uh, Jungian?
441
00:23:42,823 --> 00:23:43,925
You know analysis?
442
00:23:43,958 --> 00:23:46,493
When I was in post-grad
at Cambridge,
443
00:23:46,527 --> 00:23:47,828
I had a little trouble.
444
00:23:48,829 --> 00:23:51,565
-I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
445
00:23:51,599 --> 00:23:52,600
Did you hate him?
446
00:23:52,633 --> 00:23:54,101
I liked him very much.
447
00:23:54,135 --> 00:23:56,037
You just needed to get laid.
448
00:23:56,070 --> 00:23:57,638
Took my analyst two years,
449
00:23:57,672 --> 00:23:59,607
and I don't think they
ever put it that succinctly.
450
00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:00,975
You have everyone convinced
451
00:24:01,008 --> 00:24:03,744
you're more complicated
than you actually are.
452
00:24:03,778 --> 00:24:05,780
We're all simple souls, I guess.
453
00:24:05,813 --> 00:24:06,981
I'm not.
454
00:24:09,850 --> 00:24:10,885
What's this?
455
00:24:10,918 --> 00:24:12,485
Sanskrit.
456
00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:13,821
You can read this?
457
00:24:13,854 --> 00:24:15,656
I'm learning.
458
00:24:19,860 --> 00:24:21,662
Read this.
459
00:24:23,097 --> 00:24:24,732
Well, in this part,
460
00:24:24,765 --> 00:24:26,968
Vishnu reveals
his multi-armed self...
461
00:24:27,001 --> 00:24:28,002
No.
462
00:24:29,070 --> 00:24:30,938
Read the words.
463
00:24:34,308 --> 00:24:37,477
"And now I am become Death.
464
00:24:42,917 --> 00:24:44,652
Destroyer of worlds."
465
00:25:15,583 --> 00:25:16,917
This'll do.
466
00:25:23,057 --> 00:25:24,658
It'll break before dawn.
467
00:25:24,692 --> 00:25:28,062
Air cools overnight,
just before dawn, it breaks.
468
00:25:30,731 --> 00:25:32,666
Come.
469
00:25:38,706 --> 00:25:42,176
Ah. So, I'm getting married.
470
00:25:42,209 --> 00:25:43,811
-Frank. Congratulations!
-Thank you.
471
00:25:43,844 --> 00:25:45,646
-Thank you.
-To Jackie?
472
00:25:45,679 --> 00:25:48,049
Yeah, to Jackie.
473
00:25:48,082 --> 00:25:49,183
The waitress.
474
00:25:49,216 --> 00:25:51,185
Oppie, you're right.
It's lettin' up.
475
00:25:51,218 --> 00:25:53,654
I'm gonna go see
if there's any stars.
476
00:25:53,687 --> 00:25:55,723
All your talk
about the common man,
477
00:25:55,756 --> 00:25:57,258
but Jackie's not good enough
for you, hmm?
478
00:25:57,291 --> 00:25:58,325
Mm-mm.
479
00:25:58,359 --> 00:25:59,860
We join the Party and you can't
480
00:25:59,894 --> 00:26:01,662
-hide your disapproval. Why?
-Oh, now, I...
481
00:26:01,695 --> 00:26:02,763
Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
482
00:26:02,797 --> 00:26:04,331
I haven't joined
the Party, Frank.
483
00:26:04,365 --> 00:26:06,901
And I don't think she should
have convinced you to either.
484
00:26:06,934 --> 00:26:08,669
Half of the faculty
is Communist.
485
00:26:08,702 --> 00:26:09,770
Not that half.
486
00:26:11,105 --> 00:26:13,841
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
487
00:26:13,874 --> 00:26:15,576
And I want to wring your neck.
488
00:26:17,978 --> 00:26:20,881
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
489
00:26:22,750 --> 00:26:26,087
You're happy, I'm happy.
490
00:26:26,120 --> 00:26:27,655
So then I'm happy you're happy
491
00:26:27,688 --> 00:26:29,023
that I'm happy.
492
00:26:33,294 --> 00:26:34,895
I feel like I could see
493
00:26:34,929 --> 00:26:37,031
one of those dark stars
that you're working on.
494
00:26:37,064 --> 00:26:39,633
You can't.
That's the whole point.
495
00:26:40,301 --> 00:26:42,002
Their gravity swallows light.
496
00:26:43,270 --> 00:26:46,340
It's like a kind of
hole in space.
497
00:26:46,373 --> 00:26:47,708
Is Frank okay?
498
00:26:47,741 --> 00:26:50,144
Yes. He just has
a shitty brother.
499
00:26:51,278 --> 00:26:52,947
It is special here.
500
00:26:55,316 --> 00:26:57,785
When I was a kid,
501
00:26:57,818 --> 00:27:00,855
I thought if I could find a way
502
00:27:00,888 --> 00:27:05,259
to combine physics
and New Mexico,
503
00:27:05,292 --> 00:27:07,828
my life would be perfect.
504
00:27:08,896 --> 00:27:10,164
Little remote for that.
505
00:27:10,197 --> 00:27:11,332
Yes.
506
00:27:11,365 --> 00:27:13,033
Let's get some sleep.
507
00:27:14,001 --> 00:27:15,402
That mesa we saw today,
508
00:27:15,436 --> 00:27:17,938
one of my favorite places
in the world.
509
00:27:18,772 --> 00:27:20,241
And tomorrow we'll climb it.
510
00:27:20,274 --> 00:27:21,709
What's it called?
511
00:27:22,743 --> 00:27:24,812
Los Alamos.
512
00:27:27,915 --> 00:27:29,917
I didn't expect
to see you today.
513
00:27:31,085 --> 00:27:32,920
Do I have to make
an appointment?
514
00:27:34,855 --> 00:27:36,991
Hey! Hey, get back here!
515
00:27:37,024 --> 00:27:38,159
Alvarez?
516
00:27:43,931 --> 00:27:46,767
Oppie! Oppie!
517
00:27:46,800 --> 00:27:48,802
What? What is it?
518
00:27:48,836 --> 00:27:50,437
They've done it.
They've done it.
519
00:27:50,471 --> 00:27:51,739
Hahn and Strassmann in Germany.
520
00:27:51,772 --> 00:27:53,941
They split the uranium nucleus.
521
00:27:54,808 --> 00:27:56,677
How?
522
00:27:57,411 --> 00:27:59,313
Bombard it with neutrons.
523
00:27:59,346 --> 00:28:00,481
It's a nuclear fission.
524
00:28:00,515 --> 00:28:02,149
They did it,
they split the atom.
525
00:28:02,183 --> 00:28:03,751
It's not possible.
526
00:28:09,890 --> 00:28:11,692
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
527
00:28:18,332 --> 00:28:20,267
See? Can't be done.
528
00:28:21,368 --> 00:28:24,772
Very elegant. Quite clear.
529
00:28:24,805 --> 00:28:27,441
-There's just one problem.
-Where?
530
00:28:27,474 --> 00:28:29,276
Next door.
531
00:28:29,310 --> 00:28:31,245
Alvarez did it.
532
00:28:31,278 --> 00:28:33,414
But then look...
533
00:28:33,447 --> 00:28:36,784
...these fission pulses,
they're massive.
534
00:28:36,817 --> 00:28:40,087
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
535
00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:42,957
Theory will take you
only so far.
536
00:28:44,458 --> 00:28:46,460
During the process...
537
00:28:46,493 --> 00:28:48,229
extra neutrons boil off,
538
00:28:48,262 --> 00:28:51,432
which could be used to split
other uranium atoms.
539
00:28:51,465 --> 00:28:52,866
Chain reaction.
540
00:28:52,900 --> 00:28:54,536
You're thinkin'
what I'm thinkin'.
541
00:28:54,569 --> 00:28:57,338
You, me, and every other
physicist around the world
542
00:28:57,371 --> 00:28:58,872
who's seen the news.
543
00:28:59,574 --> 00:29:01,375
I'm... what?
What are we all thinking?
544
00:29:01,408 --> 00:29:05,179
A bomb, Alvarez.
545
00:29:06,347 --> 00:29:08,048
A bomb.
546
00:29:08,082 --> 00:29:11,285
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
547
00:29:12,886 --> 00:29:14,421
I don't understand
what you want from me.
548
00:29:14,455 --> 00:29:16,223
I don't want anything from you.
549
00:29:17,224 --> 00:29:19,260
Well, you say that
and then you call.
550
00:29:19,293 --> 00:29:21,895
Well, don't answer.
551
00:29:21,929 --> 00:29:23,931
I'll always answer.
552
00:29:29,203 --> 00:29:30,137
Fine.
553
00:29:30,170 --> 00:29:32,873
Just no more flowers.
554
00:29:33,907 --> 00:29:35,276
You're not coming?
555
00:29:36,443 --> 00:29:39,246
You have to know
when you're beaten, Robert.
556
00:29:41,549 --> 00:29:43,284
It's not that simple, Hoke.
557
00:29:43,317 --> 00:29:45,486
Chevalier,
good to see you. It's...
558
00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:46,854
Ah, Barbara, good to see you
559
00:29:46,887 --> 00:29:49,356
and the illustrious
Dr. Oppenheimer.
560
00:29:49,390 --> 00:29:50,558
I'm Eltenton.
561
00:29:50,592 --> 00:29:51,959
-Oh, pleasure.
-Please, please.
562
00:29:51,992 --> 00:29:53,160
Now, might you say a word
563
00:29:53,193 --> 00:29:55,929
about organized labor
on campuses, yes?
564
00:29:55,963 --> 00:29:57,498
Coming through! Coming through!
565
00:29:57,532 --> 00:29:59,099
-F.A.E.C.T.!
-I work at Shell.
566
00:29:59,133 --> 00:30:01,135
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers,
567
00:30:01,168 --> 00:30:03,037
so why not scientists
in academia?
568
00:30:03,070 --> 00:30:05,973
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
569
00:30:06,006 --> 00:30:09,276
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
570
00:30:09,310 --> 00:30:10,944
Oppie! Oppie!
571
00:30:10,978 --> 00:30:13,881
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
572
00:30:17,051 --> 00:30:21,021
Teachers are unionized.
Why not professors?
573
00:30:21,055 --> 00:30:22,489
Don't you have somewhere to be?
574
00:30:22,524 --> 00:30:24,358
Lawrence,
academics have rights too.
575
00:30:24,391 --> 00:30:26,894
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
576
00:30:26,927 --> 00:30:30,130
-Well, I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
577
00:30:36,403 --> 00:30:38,072
Richard. Dr. Bush.
578
00:30:38,105 --> 00:30:40,174
What brings you two up north?
579
00:30:49,651 --> 00:30:51,018
Richard, you tell Ruth
580
00:30:51,051 --> 00:30:52,319
I'll be down
to Pasadena Thursday.
581
00:31:01,328 --> 00:31:03,964
Your paper
on black holes is in!
582
00:31:03,997 --> 00:31:05,966
Oppie!
583
00:31:05,999 --> 00:31:09,637
Where's Hartland?
Get Hartland. Get Hartland.
584
00:31:09,671 --> 00:31:11,939
September 1st, 1939,
585
00:31:11,972 --> 00:31:14,208
the world's gonna
remember this day.
586
00:31:15,142 --> 00:31:16,611
Oh, Hartland.
Our paper, it's in print.
587
00:31:16,644 --> 00:31:19,380
You've been upstaged.
588
00:31:22,983 --> 00:31:25,520
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
589
00:31:25,553 --> 00:31:28,288
increasingly out of sympathy
with the
590
00:31:28,322 --> 00:31:31,325
policy of neutrality
that Communists advocated.
591
00:31:31,358 --> 00:31:35,162
Right after Hitler invaded
Russia and we became allies,
592
00:31:35,195 --> 00:31:37,231
these Communist sympathies,
did they return?
593
00:31:37,264 --> 00:31:38,298
No.
594
00:31:39,433 --> 00:31:43,036
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
595
00:31:43,070 --> 00:31:44,304
did not mean a sharp break
596
00:31:44,338 --> 00:31:46,407
from those who held
different views.
597
00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:49,009
For a year or two,
and during a previous marriage,
598
00:31:49,042 --> 00:31:52,346
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
599
00:31:54,982 --> 00:31:56,316
Oop!
600
00:31:56,350 --> 00:31:58,152
This way. This is where
I keep the good stuff.
601
00:31:58,185 --> 00:32:00,187
Well, I thought
this was the Tolmans' house.
602
00:32:00,220 --> 00:32:02,423
I live with them
while I'm at Caltech.
603
00:32:02,456 --> 00:32:03,957
Do you two need anything?
604
00:32:03,991 --> 00:32:05,459
We're good, Ruthie.
605
00:32:06,561 --> 00:32:09,196
So, you're a biologist.
606
00:32:09,229 --> 00:32:12,433
Well, somehow
I have graduated to housewife.
607
00:32:12,466 --> 00:32:15,603
Can you explain
quantum mechanics to me?
608
00:32:15,637 --> 00:32:16,671
Seems baffling.
609
00:32:16,704 --> 00:32:18,405
Yes, it is.
610
00:32:19,507 --> 00:32:22,309
Well, this glass,
611
00:32:22,342 --> 00:32:23,243
this drink...
612
00:32:23,277 --> 00:32:26,380
...this countertop,
613
00:32:26,413 --> 00:32:29,517
uh, our bodies...
614
00:32:29,551 --> 00:32:31,452
all of it.
615
00:32:31,485 --> 00:32:34,054
It's mostly empty space.
616
00:32:34,087 --> 00:32:36,591
Groupings of tiny energy waves
bound together.
617
00:32:36,624 --> 00:32:38,492
By what?
618
00:32:38,526 --> 00:32:42,095
Forces of attraction
strong enough to convince us
619
00:32:42,129 --> 00:32:44,331
that matter is solid.
620
00:32:44,364 --> 00:32:47,501
Stop my body
passing through yours.
621
00:32:59,246 --> 00:33:00,748
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
622
00:33:00,782 --> 00:33:02,517
Not very.
623
00:33:04,552 --> 00:33:08,255
There is someone that I feel...
624
00:33:08,288 --> 00:33:09,724
Does she feel the same way?
625
00:33:09,757 --> 00:33:13,595
Sometimes. Not enough.
626
00:33:14,796 --> 00:33:17,765
You know,
I'm going to New Mexico.
627
00:33:17,799 --> 00:33:19,601
To my ranch, with friends.
628
00:33:19,634 --> 00:33:21,001
You should come.
629
00:33:21,803 --> 00:33:23,638
I meant with your husband.
630
00:33:23,671 --> 00:33:25,239
Yes, you did.
631
00:33:25,272 --> 00:33:28,175
'Cause you know it won't make
a bit of difference.
632
00:33:32,145 --> 00:33:33,648
Why did you marry him?
633
00:33:33,681 --> 00:33:37,217
I was lost and he was kind.
634
00:33:39,386 --> 00:33:40,254
Lost?
635
00:33:40,287 --> 00:33:43,791
Well, my previous husband
had died, and...
636
00:33:43,825 --> 00:33:46,260
at 28, I wasn't really ready
to be a widow.
637
00:33:46,293 --> 00:33:48,295
-Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
638
00:33:48,328 --> 00:33:50,798
But my second husband
was Joe Dallet.
639
00:33:50,832 --> 00:33:53,801
He was, um, from money,
like me, but...
640
00:33:53,835 --> 00:33:56,771
he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
641
00:33:56,804 --> 00:33:58,071
Fell hard.
642
00:33:58,105 --> 00:33:59,373
How hard?
643
00:33:59,406 --> 00:34:01,074
Hard enough to spend
the next four years
644
00:34:01,108 --> 00:34:02,442
living off beans and pancakes,
645
00:34:02,476 --> 00:34:05,245
handing out the
Daily Worker
at factory gates.
646
00:34:05,279 --> 00:34:07,782
By 36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
647
00:34:07,815 --> 00:34:09,684
Quit the Party and a year later,
648
00:34:09,717 --> 00:34:13,253
I wanted him back, so...
Him, not the
Daily Worker.
649
00:34:13,287 --> 00:34:15,422
And he said, "Swell, I'll meet
you on my way to Spain."
650
00:34:15,455 --> 00:34:17,157
He went to fight
for the Loyalists?
651
00:34:17,190 --> 00:34:19,293
And then he went to
the brigades and I waited.
652
00:34:19,326 --> 00:34:20,394
And...
653
00:34:21,261 --> 00:34:22,630
Joe got himself killed
654
00:34:22,664 --> 00:34:25,065
first time he popped his head
out of the trench.
655
00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:28,836
Ideology got Joe killed.
For nothing.
656
00:34:28,870 --> 00:34:30,738
Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
657
00:34:30,772 --> 00:34:31,873
My husband offered
both our futures
658
00:34:31,906 --> 00:34:33,373
to stop one fascist bullet
659
00:34:33,407 --> 00:34:35,577
from embedding itself
in a mudbank.
660
00:34:36,476 --> 00:34:38,312
That's the definition
of nothing.
661
00:34:38,345 --> 00:34:40,347
Seems a little reductive.
662
00:34:40,380 --> 00:34:42,115
Pragmatic.
663
00:34:42,149 --> 00:34:44,586
Now here I am.
664
00:34:46,821 --> 00:34:48,422
Wherever the hell this is.
665
00:34:55,462 --> 00:34:58,733
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
666
00:35:01,168 --> 00:35:04,505
Least you didn't
bring me flowers.
667
00:35:09,644 --> 00:35:13,213
We both know I'm not
what you want, Jean.
668
00:35:14,247 --> 00:35:16,884
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
669
00:35:16,918 --> 00:35:18,318
No.
670
00:35:19,887 --> 00:35:22,255
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
671
00:35:23,457 --> 00:35:25,192
You knocked her up, fast work.
672
00:35:25,225 --> 00:35:27,862
Can't keep a good man down.
673
00:35:27,895 --> 00:35:29,897
I meant her.
674
00:35:29,931 --> 00:35:31,933
She knew what she wanted.
675
00:35:31,966 --> 00:35:33,901
What about the husband?
676
00:35:33,935 --> 00:35:35,402
We talked, um,
677
00:35:35,435 --> 00:35:37,371
they're getting a divorce, so...
678
00:35:37,404 --> 00:35:41,174
we can get married
before she starts showing.
679
00:35:41,208 --> 00:35:42,677
How civilized.
680
00:35:44,646 --> 00:35:45,747
You idiot.
681
00:35:45,780 --> 00:35:47,548
This is your community.
682
00:35:47,582 --> 00:35:50,518
You think the rules
don't apply to the golden boy?
683
00:35:51,686 --> 00:35:53,320
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
684
00:35:53,353 --> 00:35:55,857
Don't alienate the only people
in the world
685
00:35:55,890 --> 00:35:57,558
that understand what you do.
686
00:35:59,292 --> 00:36:00,662
One day you might need them.
687
00:36:00,695 --> 00:36:03,430
F.A.E.C.T.!
688
00:36:03,463 --> 00:36:04,666
The Federation of Architects,
689
00:36:04,699 --> 00:36:07,835
Engineers, Chemists
and Technicians.
690
00:36:14,274 --> 00:36:16,811
Lomanitz,
what do you get paid a month?
691
00:36:16,844 --> 00:36:17,979
That's not the point, Lawrence.
692
00:36:18,012 --> 00:36:20,313
What do any of you
have in common
693
00:36:20,347 --> 00:36:22,950
with farm laborers
and dock workers?
694
00:36:22,984 --> 00:36:24,552
Plenty.
695
00:36:25,620 --> 00:36:28,156
Everybody out. Now!
696
00:36:31,993 --> 00:36:33,393
Not you.
697
00:36:39,332 --> 00:36:40,300
What are you doing?
698
00:36:40,333 --> 00:36:42,003
It's a trade union.
699
00:36:42,036 --> 00:36:43,971
Filled with Communists.
700
00:36:44,005 --> 00:36:45,707
So? I haven't joined the Party.
701
00:36:45,740 --> 00:36:47,842
They won't let me
bring you onto the project
702
00:36:47,875 --> 00:36:49,577
because of this shit.
703
00:36:49,610 --> 00:36:51,378
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
704
00:36:51,411 --> 00:36:53,848
Oh.
I know what the project is.
705
00:36:53,881 --> 00:36:54,949
Oh, really?
706
00:36:54,982 --> 00:36:56,283
We've all heard about Einstein
707
00:36:56,316 --> 00:36:57,585
and Szilard's letter
to Roosevelt
708
00:36:57,618 --> 00:36:59,419
warning him the Germans
could make a bomb,
709
00:36:59,453 --> 00:37:02,322
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
710
00:37:02,355 --> 00:37:03,725
Oh, and I don't?
711
00:37:03,758 --> 00:37:06,393
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
712
00:37:07,494 --> 00:37:08,495
It's mine.
713
00:37:08,529 --> 00:37:11,666
You think that I tell them
about your politics.
714
00:37:12,767 --> 00:37:15,335
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
715
00:37:15,368 --> 00:37:17,404
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror?
716
00:37:17,437 --> 00:37:19,507
Listen to the sounds
on your phone line
717
00:37:19,540 --> 00:37:22,610
and stop being so goddamn naive.
718
00:37:23,911 --> 00:37:25,445
Why would they care what I do?
719
00:37:25,479 --> 00:37:27,447
Because you're
not just self-important,
720
00:37:27,481 --> 00:37:29,650
you're actually important.
721
00:37:30,885 --> 00:37:32,252
Okay.
722
00:37:32,887 --> 00:37:35,890
Okay. I get it.
723
00:37:35,923 --> 00:37:37,992
If you could
just be a little more...
724
00:37:38,025 --> 00:37:39,527
Pragmatic.
725
00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:40,661
I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others,
726
00:37:40,695 --> 00:37:42,797
you don't have to worry.
It's done.
727
00:37:42,830 --> 00:37:44,599
Lawrence.
728
00:37:49,436 --> 00:37:51,438
Then welcome to the war.
729
00:37:51,471 --> 00:37:53,775
I filled out my first
security questionnaire
730
00:37:53,808 --> 00:37:55,076
and was informed
731
00:37:55,109 --> 00:37:56,911
that my involvement
with left-wing groups
732
00:37:56,944 --> 00:38:00,882
would not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
733
00:38:00,915 --> 00:38:03,651
Why were
his Communist associations
734
00:38:03,684 --> 00:38:06,788
not seen as a security risk
during the war?
735
00:38:06,821 --> 00:38:08,556
Senator, I can't possibly answer
736
00:38:08,589 --> 00:38:11,926
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
737
00:38:11,959 --> 00:38:13,961
Fine. What about after?
738
00:38:13,995 --> 00:38:15,930
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer
739
00:38:15,963 --> 00:38:19,734
was the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
740
00:38:19,767 --> 00:38:21,803
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute,
741
00:38:21,836 --> 00:38:24,939
that's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
742
00:38:24,972 --> 00:38:26,040
Simple as that.
743
00:38:26,073 --> 00:38:28,676
What are they accusing me of?
744
00:38:28,709 --> 00:38:30,477
I think they just want
to know what happened
745
00:38:30,511 --> 00:38:33,014
between 1947 and 1954
to change your mind
746
00:38:33,047 --> 00:38:35,082
on Oppenheimer's
security clearance.
747
00:38:35,116 --> 00:38:37,852
I didn't.
I was chair of the AEC,
748
00:38:37,885 --> 00:38:41,454
but it wasn't me that brought
the charges against Robert.
749
00:38:41,488 --> 00:38:42,723
-Who did?
-Some former staff member
750
00:38:42,757 --> 00:38:44,692
of the Joint
Congressional Committee.
751
00:38:44,725 --> 00:38:47,795
He was a rabid anti-Communist
named Borden.
752
00:38:47,829 --> 00:38:50,131
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
753
00:38:50,164 --> 00:38:52,700
The FBI? Why not go
to the AEC, direct?
754
00:38:52,733 --> 00:38:55,435
Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?
755
00:38:55,468 --> 00:38:57,905
What did Borden have
against Oppenheimer?
756
00:38:57,939 --> 00:38:59,774
This was the McCarthy Era.
757
00:38:59,807 --> 00:39:04,712
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red. And then,
758
00:39:04,745 --> 00:39:06,413
reading Oppenheimer's
security file,
759
00:39:06,446 --> 00:39:08,616
his Communist brother,
sister-in-law,
760
00:39:08,649 --> 00:39:10,718
fiancée, best friend, wife.
761
00:39:10,751 --> 00:39:13,087
That's before we even
get to the Chevalier incident.
762
00:39:13,120 --> 00:39:16,858
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
763
00:39:16,891 --> 00:39:18,559
Because somebody gave it to him.
764
00:39:19,727 --> 00:39:22,395
Somebody who wanted
Robert silenced.
765
00:39:22,429 --> 00:39:24,031
-Who?
-Who knows?
766
00:39:24,065 --> 00:39:26,601
Robert didn't take care
not to upset
767
00:39:26,634 --> 00:39:28,870
the power brokers in Washington.
768
00:39:28,903 --> 00:39:31,772
His opinions on the atom
became definitive
769
00:39:31,806 --> 00:39:34,709
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
770
00:39:38,112 --> 00:39:40,548
I came in for plenty
of harsh treatment.
771
00:39:40,581 --> 00:39:43,751
There was an AEC vote
772
00:39:43,784 --> 00:39:45,753
on the export of isotopes
to Norway,
773
00:39:45,786 --> 00:39:48,756
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
774
00:39:48,789 --> 00:39:50,490
But, Dr. Oppenheimer,
775
00:39:50,524 --> 00:39:52,627
we've already heard
from Admiral Strauss that
776
00:39:52,660 --> 00:39:55,495
these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
777
00:39:55,529 --> 00:39:56,831
in the production
of atomic weapons.
778
00:39:56,864 --> 00:39:58,733
Congressmen,
you could use a shovel
779
00:39:58,766 --> 00:40:00,201
in making atomic weapons.
780
00:40:00,234 --> 00:40:01,434
In fact, you do.
781
00:40:01,468 --> 00:40:03,004
You could use a bottle of beer
782
00:40:03,037 --> 00:40:04,437
in making atomic weapons.
783
00:40:04,471 --> 00:40:05,940
In fact, you do.
784
00:40:05,973 --> 00:40:08,910
I say isotopes are less useful
than electronic components
785
00:40:08,943 --> 00:40:11,712
but more useful than a sandwich.
786
00:40:14,949 --> 00:40:16,817
Genius is
no guarantee of wisdom.
787
00:40:17,818 --> 00:40:20,588
How could this man
who saw so much be so blind?
788
00:40:30,097 --> 00:40:31,532
Kitty?
789
00:40:36,237 --> 00:40:38,172
Kitty?
790
00:40:38,205 --> 00:40:41,609
Kitty, the project...
791
00:40:42,576 --> 00:40:45,179
I'm in. I'm in.
792
00:40:45,212 --> 00:40:46,981
Let's celebrate.
793
00:40:52,620 --> 00:40:54,221
Shouldn't you go to him?
794
00:40:58,826 --> 00:41:01,996
I have been going to him
all fucking day.
795
00:41:25,753 --> 00:41:27,487
Come here, darling.
796
00:41:28,589 --> 00:41:30,157
I don't know how to say this.
797
00:41:30,191 --> 00:41:32,893
I'm... I'm ashamed to ask.
798
00:41:32,927 --> 00:41:34,862
Anything.
799
00:41:34,895 --> 00:41:35,696
Take Peter.
800
00:41:35,730 --> 00:41:38,766
-Sure.
-No, for-for a while, Hoke.
801
00:41:38,799 --> 00:41:40,768
A while.
802
00:41:42,336 --> 00:41:44,138
Does Kitty know you're here?
803
00:41:44,171 --> 00:41:45,906
Yes, of course she knows.
804
00:41:46,774 --> 00:41:48,776
Of course she knows.
805
00:41:48,809 --> 00:41:52,513
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
806
00:41:54,015 --> 00:41:55,016
Forget I asked.
807
00:41:55,049 --> 00:41:56,884
Selfish, awful people,
808
00:41:56,917 --> 00:41:59,320
they don't know
they're selfish and awful.
809
00:41:59,353 --> 00:42:01,922
Sit, sit, sit.
810
00:42:02,957 --> 00:42:07,061
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
811
00:42:08,763 --> 00:42:11,332
There is a price
to be paid for that.
812
00:42:11,365 --> 00:42:12,933
Of course we'll help you.
813
00:42:23,878 --> 00:42:26,047
Everything's changing, Robert.
814
00:42:26,080 --> 00:42:28,049
Having a child was always
going to change...
815
00:42:28,082 --> 00:42:32,186
No, the world, it's pivoting
in some new direction.
816
00:42:32,219 --> 00:42:34,622
It's reforming.
817
00:42:36,390 --> 00:42:38,092
This is your moment.
818
00:42:39,260 --> 00:42:40,928
We're putting together a group
to study feasibility...
819
00:42:40,961 --> 00:42:43,764
"We" shouldn't be
doing anything. You should.
820
00:42:44,665 --> 00:42:46,801
Lawrence won't get this done.
821
00:42:46,834 --> 00:42:48,969
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
822
00:42:57,812 --> 00:42:59,947
Who are the uniforms?
823
00:43:00,748 --> 00:43:02,650
I thought you might know.
824
00:43:03,684 --> 00:43:05,953
Dr. Oppenheimer.
825
00:43:05,986 --> 00:43:07,955
I'm Colonel Groves.
826
00:43:07,988 --> 00:43:10,224
This is Lieutenant
Colonel Nichols.
827
00:43:10,257 --> 00:43:11,759
Have that dry-cleaned.
828
00:43:17,665 --> 00:43:19,733
Well, if that's how you treat
Lieutenant Colonel,
829
00:43:19,767 --> 00:43:23,137
I'd hate to see how you treat
a humble physicist.
830
00:43:23,170 --> 00:43:25,239
Ah, if I ever meet one,
I'll let you know.
831
00:43:25,272 --> 00:43:26,774
Ouch.
832
00:43:26,807 --> 00:43:28,375
Theaters of combat
all over the world,
833
00:43:28,409 --> 00:43:30,344
but I have to stay
in Washington.
834
00:43:30,377 --> 00:43:33,080
-Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
835
00:43:33,114 --> 00:43:35,749
The brass likes it so much
they made me take over
836
00:43:35,783 --> 00:43:37,918
the Manhattan Engineer District.
837
00:43:37,952 --> 00:43:39,086
Which is?
838
00:43:39,120 --> 00:43:42,389
Oh, don't be a smart ass.
You know damn well what it is.
839
00:43:42,423 --> 00:43:44,125
You and half of every
physics department
840
00:43:44,158 --> 00:43:46,994
across the country.
That's problem number one.
841
00:43:47,027 --> 00:43:48,762
I thought problem
number one would be
842
00:43:48,796 --> 00:43:50,064
securing enough uranium ore.
843
00:43:50,097 --> 00:43:53,200
1,200 tons bought
the day I took charge.
844
00:43:53,234 --> 00:43:54,401
Processing?
845
00:43:54,435 --> 00:43:56,637
Just broke ground
at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
846
00:43:57,438 --> 00:43:59,140
Now I'm looking
for a project director.
847
00:43:59,173 --> 00:44:01,275
And my name came up?
848
00:44:01,308 --> 00:44:02,376
Nope.
849
00:44:03,512 --> 00:44:05,746
Even though you brought
quantum physics to America.
850
00:44:05,779 --> 00:44:07,148
Which made me curious.
851
00:44:07,181 --> 00:44:09,049
What have you found out?
852
00:44:09,950 --> 00:44:12,453
You're a dilettante,
a womanizer,
853
00:44:12,486 --> 00:44:13,821
a suspected Communist...
854
00:44:13,854 --> 00:44:15,256
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
855
00:44:15,289 --> 00:44:16,891
I said "suspected."
856
00:44:16,924 --> 00:44:21,162
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic...
857
00:44:21,195 --> 00:44:22,229
Nothing good, no?
858
00:44:22,263 --> 00:44:23,931
Not even
"he's brilliant, but..."
859
00:44:23,964 --> 00:44:25,766
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted
860
00:44:25,799 --> 00:44:27,301
in your circle, so no.
861
00:44:27,334 --> 00:44:29,303
No, the only person who had
anything good to say
862
00:44:29,336 --> 00:44:31,071
was Richard Tolman.
863
00:44:31,105 --> 00:44:33,207
Tolman thinks
you have integrity,
864
00:44:33,240 --> 00:44:35,376
but he also strikes me as a guy
865
00:44:35,409 --> 00:44:37,778
who knows more about
science than people.
866
00:44:37,811 --> 00:44:41,782
Yet here you are.
You don't take much on trust.
867
00:44:41,815 --> 00:44:43,817
I don't take anything on trust.
868
00:44:47,388 --> 00:44:49,123
Why don't you
have a Nobel Prize?
869
00:44:49,156 --> 00:44:50,224
Why aren't you a general?
870
00:44:50,257 --> 00:44:51,425
They're making me one for this.
871
00:44:51,458 --> 00:44:52,826
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
872
00:44:52,860 --> 00:44:54,461
A Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
873
00:44:54,495 --> 00:44:56,830
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
874
00:44:59,266 --> 00:45:00,901
So how would you proceed?
875
00:45:02,403 --> 00:45:05,105
You're talking
about turning theory
876
00:45:05,139 --> 00:45:07,308
into a practical weapons system
877
00:45:07,341 --> 00:45:08,475
faster than the Nazis.
878
00:45:08,510 --> 00:45:10,244
Who have a 12-month head start.
879
00:45:10,277 --> 00:45:11,412
Eighteen.
880
00:45:11,445 --> 00:45:12,813
How could you possibly
know that?
881
00:45:12,846 --> 00:45:14,882
Our fast neutron research
took six months.
882
00:45:14,915 --> 00:45:16,417
The man they've
undoubtedly put in charge
883
00:45:16,450 --> 00:45:17,851
will have made
that leap instantly.
884
00:45:17,885 --> 00:45:19,086
Who do you think
they put in charge?
885
00:45:19,119 --> 00:45:20,221
Werner Heisenberg.
886
00:45:20,254 --> 00:45:22,823
He has the most intuitive
understanding
887
00:45:22,856 --> 00:45:24,526
of atomic structure
I have ever seen.
888
00:45:24,559 --> 00:45:26,260
-You know his work?
-I know him.
889
00:45:26,293 --> 00:45:28,128
Just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsäcker, Diebner.
890
00:45:28,162 --> 00:45:30,965
In a straight race,
the Germans win.
891
00:45:30,998 --> 00:45:33,734
-We've got one hope.
-Which is?
892
00:45:34,335 --> 00:45:35,970
Anti-Semitism.
893
00:45:37,104 --> 00:45:38,105
What?
894
00:45:38,138 --> 00:45:40,975
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science."
895
00:45:41,008 --> 00:45:42,843
Said it right
to Einstein's face.
896
00:45:42,876 --> 00:45:46,113
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so... so blinded by hate
897
00:45:46,146 --> 00:45:47,948
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
898
00:45:47,982 --> 00:45:49,917
because it'll take
vast resources.
899
00:45:49,950 --> 00:45:51,485
Our nation's best scientists
working together.
900
00:45:51,519 --> 00:45:52,920
Right now, they're scattered.
901
00:45:52,953 --> 00:45:54,556
Which gives us
compartmentalization.
902
00:45:54,589 --> 00:45:56,457
All minds have
to see the whole task
903
00:45:56,490 --> 00:45:57,858
to contribute efficiently.
904
00:45:57,891 --> 00:46:00,127
Poor security
may cost us the race.
905
00:46:00,160 --> 00:46:01,996
Inefficiency will.
906
00:46:02,029 --> 00:46:03,864
The Germans know
more than us anyway.
907
00:46:03,897 --> 00:46:06,000
The Russians don't.
908
00:46:06,033 --> 00:46:09,970
Remind me,
who are we at war with?
909
00:46:10,004 --> 00:46:12,439
Somebody with your past
doesn't want to be seen
910
00:46:12,473 --> 00:46:14,074
downplaying the importance
911
00:46:14,108 --> 00:46:16,844
of security from
our Communist allies.
912
00:46:16,877 --> 00:46:19,547
Point taken. But, no.
913
00:46:19,581 --> 00:46:21,882
You don't get
to say "no" to me.
914
00:46:21,915 --> 00:46:24,184
It's my job to say "no" to you
when you're wrong.
915
00:46:24,218 --> 00:46:26,220
So you have the job now?
916
00:46:26,253 --> 00:46:28,322
Uh, I'm considering it.
917
00:46:31,025 --> 00:46:33,360
I'm starting to see
where you got your reputation.
918
00:46:34,562 --> 00:46:36,997
My favorite response,
919
00:46:37,031 --> 00:46:39,366
"Oppenheimer couldn't
run a hamburger stand."
920
00:46:41,335 --> 00:46:42,136
I couldn't.
921
00:46:44,171 --> 00:46:46,340
But I can run
the Manhattan Project.
922
00:46:47,207 --> 00:46:49,376
There's a way
to balance these things.
923
00:46:49,410 --> 00:46:53,615
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley under Lawrence.
924
00:46:53,648 --> 00:46:55,916
Met Lab in Chicago,
under Szilard.
925
00:46:55,949 --> 00:46:58,385
Large-scale refining,
where did you say? Tennessee.
926
00:46:58,419 --> 00:47:00,087
-And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
927
00:47:00,120 --> 00:47:04,191
All America's industrial might
and scientific innovation,
928
00:47:04,224 --> 00:47:05,593
connected by rail.
929
00:47:05,627 --> 00:47:07,294
Focused on one goal.
930
00:47:07,328 --> 00:47:10,030
One point in space and time.
And it comes together here.
931
00:47:10,064 --> 00:47:12,366
A secret laboratory.
In the middle of nowhere,
932
00:47:12,399 --> 00:47:13,867
secure, self-sufficient,
933
00:47:13,901 --> 00:47:15,269
equipment, housing, the works.
934
00:47:15,302 --> 00:47:17,471
Keep everyone there
until it's done.
935
00:47:17,505 --> 00:47:19,541
It'll need a school,
stores, a church.
936
00:47:19,574 --> 00:47:21,008
Why?
937
00:47:21,041 --> 00:47:22,343
If we don't let scientists
938
00:47:22,376 --> 00:47:24,078
bring their families,
we'll never get the best.
939
00:47:24,111 --> 00:47:26,180
You want security,
build a town, build it fast.
940
00:47:26,213 --> 00:47:27,281
Where?
941
00:47:31,285 --> 00:47:33,253
Welcome to Los Alamos.
942
00:47:33,287 --> 00:47:36,090
Now, there's a boys school
we'll have to commandeer,
943
00:47:36,123 --> 00:47:38,092
and the local Indians come
up here for burial rites.
944
00:47:38,125 --> 00:47:41,362
But, apart from that, nothing.
Forty miles. Any direction.
945
00:47:41,395 --> 00:47:43,330
Enough to find the perfect spot.
946
00:47:43,364 --> 00:47:45,866
-For?
-Success.
947
00:47:51,138 --> 00:47:53,140
Build him a town. Fast.
948
00:47:54,174 --> 00:47:56,678
Let's go recruit
some scientists.
949
00:47:56,711 --> 00:47:59,046
Why would I leave my family?
950
00:47:59,079 --> 00:48:00,515
I told you,
you can bring your family.
951
00:48:00,548 --> 00:48:01,982
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
952
00:48:02,015 --> 00:48:04,118
A soldier? He's a general.
953
00:48:04,151 --> 00:48:05,986
I've got all the soldier I need.
954
00:48:06,019 --> 00:48:07,589
What can I tell them?
955
00:48:07,622 --> 00:48:09,957
Heisenberg, Diebner,
Bothe and Bohr.
956
00:48:09,990 --> 00:48:11,291
What do these men
have in common?
957
00:48:11,325 --> 00:48:13,327
The greatest minds
on atomic theory.
958
00:48:13,360 --> 00:48:14,696
-Yes, and?
-Uh...
959
00:48:14,729 --> 00:48:17,998
As much as you like,
960
00:48:18,031 --> 00:48:20,167
until you feel my boot
on your balls.
961
00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:22,970
You know isotopes
and you know explosives
962
00:48:23,003 --> 00:48:24,304
better than anyone in the world.
963
00:48:24,338 --> 00:48:26,940
But you can't tell us
what you're doing?
964
00:48:30,010 --> 00:48:32,246
-I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
965
00:48:32,279 --> 00:48:34,415
-Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
-Under Nazi occupation.
966
00:48:34,448 --> 00:48:36,316
Did they stop printing
newspapers in Princeton?
967
00:48:36,350 --> 00:48:38,686
Why would we go
to the middle of nowhere
968
00:48:38,720 --> 00:48:40,187
for who knows how long?
969
00:48:40,220 --> 00:48:42,322
For a year or two. Or three.
970
00:48:43,323 --> 00:48:46,927
Uh, General, could you
give us a moment?
971
00:48:47,995 --> 00:48:51,064
It's about unleashing
the strong force...
972
00:48:52,199 --> 00:48:53,601
...before the Nazis do.
973
00:48:53,635 --> 00:48:55,570
Oh, my God.
974
00:48:55,603 --> 00:48:56,704
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
975
00:48:56,738 --> 00:48:58,038
No, never.
976
00:48:58,071 --> 00:49:00,374
But while they have him,
we don't.
977
00:49:00,407 --> 00:49:01,576
That's why I need you.
978
00:49:01,609 --> 00:49:03,578
Why would you think I'd do that?
979
00:49:03,611 --> 00:49:05,446
"Why?" "Why?"
980
00:49:05,479 --> 00:49:07,682
How about because this is the
most important fucking thing
981
00:49:07,715 --> 00:49:09,717
to ever happen
in the history of the world.
982
00:49:09,751 --> 00:49:11,185
How about that?
983
00:49:11,753 --> 00:49:13,187
Fuck.
984
00:49:18,125 --> 00:49:20,494
They are not gonna
let me onto this project.
985
00:49:20,528 --> 00:49:22,597
And failing a security check
is not gonna be good
986
00:49:22,630 --> 00:49:24,298
for a career,
even after the war.
987
00:49:24,331 --> 00:49:27,100
So you're a fellow traveler.
So what?
988
00:49:27,134 --> 00:49:28,502
This is a national emergency.
989
00:49:28,536 --> 00:49:31,706
I've got some skeletons,
they put me in charge.
990
00:49:31,739 --> 00:49:33,040
They need us.
991
00:49:33,073 --> 00:49:35,242
Until they don't.
992
00:49:38,312 --> 00:49:40,715
Is there any chance of getting
Bohr out of Denmark?
993
00:49:40,748 --> 00:49:43,751
Nah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
994
00:49:43,785 --> 00:49:46,086
Until we get Allied boots
back onto the continent,
995
00:49:46,119 --> 00:49:47,522
there's just no way.
996
00:49:49,056 --> 00:49:50,491
Is he that important?
997
00:49:50,525 --> 00:49:53,561
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
998
00:49:54,629 --> 00:49:56,731
You know, it really would
be quicker to take a plane.
999
00:49:56,764 --> 00:49:58,499
No, plane's too risky.
1000
00:49:58,533 --> 00:50:01,001
Country needs us.
1001
00:50:03,370 --> 00:50:04,471
The Harvard guys,
1002
00:50:04,506 --> 00:50:07,074
they say the building's
too small for the cyclotron.
1003
00:50:09,309 --> 00:50:11,211
Get them together
with the architects.
1004
00:50:14,414 --> 00:50:16,416
When's this place
supposed to open?
1005
00:50:19,521 --> 00:50:20,320
Two months.
1006
00:50:21,455 --> 00:50:23,725
Robert, you're
the great improviser,
1007
00:50:23,758 --> 00:50:25,793
but this...
1008
00:50:25,827 --> 00:50:27,427
you can't do in your head.
1009
00:50:28,462 --> 00:50:30,063
Four divisions.
1010
00:50:31,198 --> 00:50:34,802
Experimental, Theoretical,
Metallurgical, Ordnance.
1011
00:50:34,836 --> 00:50:35,803
Who's running Theoretical?
1012
00:50:35,837 --> 00:50:37,237
I am.
1013
00:50:37,271 --> 00:50:38,472
That's what I was afraid of.
1014
00:50:38,506 --> 00:50:40,374
You're spread too thin.
1015
00:50:41,576 --> 00:50:43,277
So you take Theoretical.
1016
00:50:45,847 --> 00:50:49,082
I'm not coming here, Robert.
1017
00:50:54,722 --> 00:50:56,390
Why not?
1018
00:51:02,262 --> 00:51:06,333
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
1019
00:51:07,602 --> 00:51:10,237
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
1020
00:51:10,270 --> 00:51:12,674
to be a weapon
of mass destruction.
1021
00:51:21,883 --> 00:51:23,216
Izzy.
1022
00:51:24,351 --> 00:51:28,488
I don't know if we can
be trusted with such a weapon.
1023
00:51:29,857 --> 00:51:33,160
But I know the Nazis can't.
1024
00:51:36,564 --> 00:51:39,366
We have no choice.
1025
00:51:40,768 --> 00:51:42,202
Then...
1026
00:51:43,538 --> 00:51:45,907
...the second thing
you'll have to do is appoint
1027
00:51:45,940 --> 00:51:48,208
Hans Bethe to run
the Theoretical division.
1028
00:51:50,578 --> 00:51:52,412
Wait, what was the first?
1029
00:51:52,446 --> 00:51:54,916
Take off
that ridiculous uniform.
1030
00:51:54,949 --> 00:51:56,149
You're a scientist.
1031
00:51:56,183 --> 00:51:57,785
Groves is insisting we join.
1032
00:51:57,819 --> 00:52:00,253
Tell Groves to go
shit in his hat.
1033
00:52:00,287 --> 00:52:03,758
They need us for who we are.
So be yourself.
1034
00:52:03,791 --> 00:52:05,760
Only better.
1035
00:52:44,799 --> 00:52:46,834
This is the only key.
1036
00:52:46,868 --> 00:52:48,301
And Teller's already here.
1037
00:52:48,335 --> 00:52:50,203
Shall I just show him in?
1038
00:52:50,237 --> 00:52:51,906
No, let's wait for the others.
1039
00:52:59,847 --> 00:53:00,848
Let's get started.
1040
00:53:00,882 --> 00:53:02,950
Hello, Edward.
1041
00:53:02,984 --> 00:53:04,686
Yes.
1042
00:53:04,719 --> 00:53:06,420
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
1043
00:53:06,453 --> 00:53:09,456
until the T-section
at Los Alamos is finished.
1044
00:53:09,489 --> 00:53:11,793
-Edward, can I please...
-It is more important.
1045
00:53:13,861 --> 00:53:15,830
When I calculated
the chain reaction,
1046
00:53:15,863 --> 00:53:18,566
I found a rather
troubling possibility.
1047
00:53:18,599 --> 00:53:20,702
No.
1048
00:53:20,735 --> 00:53:21,969
But this can't be right.
1049
00:53:22,003 --> 00:53:23,938
Show me how
you did your calculations.
1050
00:53:23,971 --> 00:53:25,372
Yes.
1051
00:53:28,876 --> 00:53:29,944
It's exponential.
1052
00:53:29,977 --> 00:53:32,446
No. No, no, no. No.
1053
00:53:34,982 --> 00:53:36,984
This is fantasy.
1054
00:53:37,018 --> 00:53:39,286
Teller's calculations
can't be right.
1055
00:53:39,319 --> 00:53:41,989
Do them yourself
while I go to Princeton.
1056
00:53:42,023 --> 00:53:43,858
-What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
1057
00:53:43,891 --> 00:53:46,460
Well, there's not much
common ground between you two.
1058
00:53:46,493 --> 00:53:49,530
That's why
I should get his view.
1059
00:53:52,967 --> 00:53:54,969
-Albert.
-Hmm?
1060
00:53:55,002 --> 00:53:57,905
Ah. Dr. Oppenheimer.
1061
00:53:57,939 --> 00:53:59,406
Well, have you met Dr. Gödel?
1062
00:53:59,439 --> 00:54:01,008
We walk here most days.
1063
00:54:01,042 --> 00:54:05,847
Trees are the most
inspiring structures.
1064
00:54:05,880 --> 00:54:07,347
Albert, might I have a word?
1065
00:54:07,380 --> 00:54:10,785
Of course. 'Scuse me, Kurt.
1066
00:54:11,786 --> 00:54:14,722
You know, some days,
Kurt refuses to eat.
1067
00:54:14,756 --> 00:54:16,356
Even in Princeton.
1068
00:54:16,389 --> 00:54:19,493
He's convinced that the Nazis
can poison his food.
1069
00:54:19,527 --> 00:54:20,795
Mm.
1070
00:54:20,828 --> 00:54:22,663
Hmm? Huh.
1071
00:54:24,532 --> 00:54:26,366
Wha...
1072
00:54:30,905 --> 00:54:33,741
Whose... Whose work is this?
1073
00:54:33,775 --> 00:54:34,809
Teller's.
1074
00:54:35,943 --> 00:54:38,411
What do you take it to mean?
1075
00:54:38,445 --> 00:54:40,380
Neutrons smash into nucleus,
1076
00:54:40,413 --> 00:54:44,451
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
1077
00:54:44,484 --> 00:54:46,687
Criticality,
a point of no return,
1078
00:54:46,721 --> 00:54:48,321
massive explosive force.
1079
00:54:48,355 --> 00:54:50,691
But this time,
the chain reaction doesn't stop.
1080
00:54:51,592 --> 00:54:54,562
It would ignite the atmosphere.
1081
00:54:55,630 --> 00:54:57,598
When we detonate
an atomic device,
1082
00:54:57,632 --> 00:54:59,801
we might start
a chain reaction that...
1083
00:55:00,768 --> 00:55:02,302
...destroys the world.
1084
00:55:03,470 --> 00:55:05,372
So here we are, hmm?
1085
00:55:05,405 --> 00:55:09,710
Lost in your quantum world
of probabilities
1086
00:55:09,744 --> 00:55:11,478
and needing certainty.
1087
00:55:11,512 --> 00:55:14,381
Can you run
the calculations yourself?
1088
00:55:14,414 --> 00:55:15,817
About the only thing
1089
00:55:15,850 --> 00:55:19,120
you and I have in common
is a disdain for mathematics.
1090
00:55:19,153 --> 00:55:21,722
Who's working on this
in-in Berkeley?
1091
00:55:21,756 --> 00:55:23,057
Hans Bethe.
1092
00:55:23,090 --> 00:55:24,926
Well, he'll get to the truth.
1093
00:55:26,561 --> 00:55:29,429
And if the truth
is catastrophic?
1094
00:55:29,462 --> 00:55:30,765
Then you stop.
1095
00:55:30,798 --> 00:55:34,535
And you share your findings
with the Nazis.
1096
00:55:34,569 --> 00:55:37,705
So neither side
destroys the world.
1097
00:55:40,908 --> 00:55:41,943
Robert.
1098
00:55:43,410 --> 00:55:46,614
This is yours, not mine.
1099
00:55:59,492 --> 00:56:00,895
Teller's wrong.
1100
00:56:00,928 --> 00:56:02,129
He's wrong.
1101
00:56:11,806 --> 00:56:14,508
When you know
Teller's critical assumptions,
1102
00:56:14,542 --> 00:56:15,877
the real picture emerges.
1103
00:56:15,910 --> 00:56:17,712
Bottom line?
1104
00:56:17,745 --> 00:56:19,847
The chances of an uncontrolled
nuclear reaction
1105
00:56:19,881 --> 00:56:20,882
are near zero.
1106
00:56:20,915 --> 00:56:23,551
Near zero.
1107
00:56:23,584 --> 00:56:25,853
-Oppie, this is good news.
-Mm.
1108
00:56:27,188 --> 00:56:28,421
Can you run them again?
1109
00:56:28,455 --> 00:56:30,191
No, you'll get the same answer.
1110
00:56:30,224 --> 00:56:31,792
Till they actually detonate
one of these things,
1111
00:56:31,826 --> 00:56:34,662
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
1112
00:56:34,695 --> 00:56:35,763
Near zero.
1113
00:56:37,965 --> 00:56:40,635
Theory
will take you only so far.
1114
00:56:40,668 --> 00:56:42,169
-Mm.
-Hello!
1115
00:56:42,203 --> 00:56:43,504
-Hello, you.
-Hi.
1116
00:56:43,537 --> 00:56:44,872
We missed him.
1117
00:56:44,906 --> 00:56:46,040
You want to adopt?
1118
00:56:46,073 --> 00:56:47,474
She's kidding.
1119
00:56:47,508 --> 00:56:49,442
We wanted to see you
before we left.
1120
00:56:49,476 --> 00:56:52,647
For parts unknown.
1121
00:56:52,680 --> 00:56:55,216
You know who
I ran into the other day?
1122
00:56:55,249 --> 00:56:56,884
Eltenton.
1123
00:56:56,918 --> 00:56:58,185
Oh.
1124
00:56:58,219 --> 00:56:59,921
The chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
1125
00:56:59,954 --> 00:57:03,824
Yeah. He...
The, uh, F.A.E.C.T. guy.
1126
00:57:03,858 --> 00:57:07,228
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
1127
00:57:07,261 --> 00:57:09,462
How so?
1128
00:57:09,496 --> 00:57:12,233
Lack of cooperation
with our allies.
1129
00:57:12,266 --> 00:57:14,602
Apparently
our government's not sharing
1130
00:57:14,635 --> 00:57:16,737
any research with the Russians.
1131
00:57:16,771 --> 00:57:17,738
Well, he said,
1132
00:57:17,772 --> 00:57:20,508
"Most scientists think
the policy is stupid."
1133
00:57:23,844 --> 00:57:25,680
-Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
1134
00:57:25,713 --> 00:57:28,082
He mentioned that if anyone
1135
00:57:28,115 --> 00:57:31,085
had anything
they wanted to pass on,
1136
00:57:31,118 --> 00:57:32,954
uh, going around
official channels,
1137
00:57:32,987 --> 00:57:34,922
that he could help.
1138
00:57:43,564 --> 00:57:45,232
That would be treason.
1139
00:57:45,266 --> 00:57:48,102
Yes, of course.
1140
00:57:48,135 --> 00:57:49,937
I just thought you should know.
1141
00:57:53,074 --> 00:57:54,542
The brat is down.
1142
00:57:54,575 --> 00:57:55,943
Where are the martinis?
1143
00:58:01,148 --> 00:58:02,650
Coming right up.
1144
00:58:02,683 --> 00:58:04,151
Conversation ended there.
1145
00:58:04,185 --> 00:58:06,287
Nothing in our
long-standing friendship
1146
00:58:06,320 --> 00:58:07,888
would have led me to believe
1147
00:58:07,922 --> 00:58:10,658
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
1148
00:58:10,691 --> 00:58:13,160
and I am certain
that he had no idea
1149
00:58:13,194 --> 00:58:15,495
of the work in which
I was engaged.
1150
00:58:20,034 --> 00:58:22,003
It has long been clear to me
1151
00:58:22,036 --> 00:58:24,739
that I should have reported
this incident at once.
1152
00:58:24,772 --> 00:58:26,273
The Oppenheimer situation
1153
00:58:26,307 --> 00:58:29,210
highlights the tension
between scientists
1154
00:58:29,243 --> 00:58:30,845
and the security apparatus.
1155
00:58:30,878 --> 00:58:32,747
In hopes of learning
how the nominee handled
1156
00:58:32,780 --> 00:58:35,116
such issues during
his time at the AEC,
1157
00:58:35,149 --> 00:58:38,652
we'll have a scientist
appearing before the committee.
1158
00:58:39,320 --> 00:58:40,888
Who are they bringing in?
1159
00:58:40,921 --> 00:58:41,889
They hadn't said.
1160
00:58:41,922 --> 00:58:43,290
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
1161
00:58:43,324 --> 00:58:45,860
I'm nominated
for Commerce Secretary.
1162
00:58:45,893 --> 00:58:48,195
Why seek the opinion
of scientists?
1163
00:58:48,229 --> 00:58:50,564
This is a Cabinet post, Admiral.
1164
00:58:50,598 --> 00:58:52,767
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1165
00:58:52,800 --> 00:58:55,603
Well, I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1166
00:58:55,636 --> 00:58:57,138
I'd like the chance
to cross-examine.
1167
00:58:57,171 --> 00:58:59,306
This is not a court.
1168
00:58:59,340 --> 00:59:01,742
Formality, huh?
1169
00:59:01,776 --> 00:59:03,044
No presidential Cabinet nominee
1170
00:59:03,077 --> 00:59:05,646
has failed to be confirmed
since 1925.
1171
00:59:05,679 --> 00:59:07,782
This is just how
the game is played.
1172
00:59:07,815 --> 00:59:09,116
It's in the bag, Lewis.
1173
00:59:09,150 --> 00:59:10,351
So play nice.
1174
00:59:10,384 --> 00:59:12,653
They bring in a scientist,
so what?
1175
00:59:12,686 --> 00:59:14,688
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1176
00:59:14,722 --> 00:59:16,757
They resent anyone
who questions their judgment,
1177
00:59:16,791 --> 00:59:18,793
especially if you're
not one of them.
1178
00:59:18,826 --> 00:59:20,127
I was chair of the AEC.
1179
00:59:20,161 --> 00:59:22,596
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1180
00:59:22,630 --> 00:59:23,931
We can't have
the Senate thinking
1181
00:59:23,964 --> 00:59:27,068
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1182
00:59:27,101 --> 00:59:28,936
Or should we pivot?
1183
00:59:28,969 --> 00:59:30,938
-To what?
-And embrace it.
1184
00:59:30,971 --> 00:59:33,741
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1185
00:59:33,774 --> 00:59:35,342
I-I don't think
we need to go there.
1186
00:59:35,376 --> 00:59:37,645
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1187
00:59:37,678 --> 00:59:39,113
-Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
1188
00:59:39,146 --> 00:59:41,215
Can you get the name of
the scientist they've called?
1189
00:59:41,248 --> 00:59:42,817
-Probably.
-Find out if he was
1190
00:59:42,850 --> 00:59:45,219
based in Chicago
or Los Alamos during the war.
1191
00:59:45,252 --> 00:59:46,620
Why does that matter?
1192
00:59:46,654 --> 00:59:47,855
Well, if he was
based in Chicago,
1193
00:59:47,888 --> 00:59:49,290
then he worked
under Szilard and Fermi,
1194
00:59:49,323 --> 00:59:51,625
not the cult of Oppie
at Los Alamos.
1195
00:59:51,659 --> 00:59:52,893
Robert built that damn place.
1196
00:59:52,927 --> 00:59:55,696
He was founder, mayor, sheriff,
1197
00:59:55,729 --> 00:59:57,131
all rolled into one.
1198
01:00:10,077 --> 01:00:11,879
All it needs is a saloon.
1199
01:00:40,307 --> 01:00:42,877
There's no kitchen.
1200
01:00:42,910 --> 01:00:46,847
Really? We'll fix that.
1201
01:00:52,753 --> 01:00:56,157
Barbed wire, guns.
1202
01:00:56,190 --> 01:00:57,291
Oppie.
1203
01:00:57,324 --> 01:00:58,959
We're at war, Hans.
1204
01:01:01,362 --> 01:01:03,931
Halifax. 1917.
1205
01:01:03,964 --> 01:01:06,934
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1206
01:01:09,336 --> 01:01:12,273
A vast and sudden
chemical reaction.
1207
01:01:15,943 --> 01:01:18,779
The biggest man-made
explosion in history.
1208
01:01:18,812 --> 01:01:20,781
Now let's calculate
how much more destructive
1209
01:01:20,814 --> 01:01:23,484
it would have been
if it were a nuclear
1210
01:01:23,518 --> 01:01:25,186
and not a chemical reaction.
1211
01:01:25,219 --> 01:01:28,856
Expressing power in terms
of tons of TNT.
1212
01:01:28,889 --> 01:01:30,391
But it will be thousands.
1213
01:01:30,424 --> 01:01:33,861
Well, then kilotons.
1214
01:01:37,431 --> 01:01:40,801
Using U-235,
1215
01:01:40,834 --> 01:01:43,404
-the bomb will need a...
-Uh-uh.
1216
01:01:43,437 --> 01:01:46,508
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
1217
01:01:46,541 --> 01:01:48,008
about this size.
1218
01:01:48,042 --> 01:01:51,845
Or using plutonium,
the ten-pound sphere.
1219
01:01:53,247 --> 01:01:54,481
Here's the amount of uranium
1220
01:01:54,516 --> 01:01:57,851
Oak Ridge refined
all of last month.
1221
01:02:00,254 --> 01:02:04,258
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1222
01:02:05,392 --> 01:02:08,495
Now, if we can enrich
these amounts,
1223
01:02:08,530 --> 01:02:11,332
we need a way to detonate them.
1224
01:02:11,365 --> 01:02:13,467
Are we boring you, Edward?
1225
01:02:13,500 --> 01:02:15,102
A little bit, yes.
1226
01:02:15,135 --> 01:02:16,370
May I ask why?
1227
01:02:16,403 --> 01:02:17,838
We all entered this room
1228
01:02:17,871 --> 01:02:19,807
knowing a fission bomb
was possible.
1229
01:02:19,840 --> 01:02:22,443
How 'bout we leave it
with something new?
1230
01:02:22,476 --> 01:02:23,477
Such as?
1231
01:02:23,511 --> 01:02:26,247
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
1232
01:02:26,280 --> 01:02:27,281
we use hydrogen.
1233
01:02:28,849 --> 01:02:30,451
-Heavy hydrogen.
-Hydrogen.
1234
01:02:30,484 --> 01:02:33,254
Deuterium. You see?
1235
01:02:33,287 --> 01:02:34,989
We compact the atoms together
1236
01:02:35,022 --> 01:02:38,092
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
1237
01:02:39,026 --> 01:02:41,862
Then we'll get not kilotons,
1238
01:02:41,895 --> 01:02:42,963
but megatons.
1239
01:02:42,997 --> 01:02:43,931
A big fission reaction...
1240
01:02:43,964 --> 01:02:45,533
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1241
01:02:45,567 --> 01:02:50,271
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1242
01:02:50,304 --> 01:02:52,373
A small fission bomb.
1243
01:02:52,406 --> 01:02:54,108
There we are.
1244
01:02:56,043 --> 01:02:57,845
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1245
01:02:57,878 --> 01:02:59,847
can we get back
to the business at hand?
1246
01:02:59,880 --> 01:03:01,215
The isotopes issue
1247
01:03:01,248 --> 01:03:04,885
wasn't your most important
policy disagreement
1248
01:03:04,918 --> 01:03:06,554
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1249
01:03:06,588 --> 01:03:08,989
It was the hydrogen bomb,
wasn't it?
1250
01:03:09,023 --> 01:03:11,892
Uh, as colleagues,
we agreed to disagree
1251
01:03:11,925 --> 01:03:13,927
on a great many things, uh,
1252
01:03:13,961 --> 01:03:15,195
and, well, one of them
1253
01:03:15,229 --> 01:03:18,299
was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1254
01:03:31,145 --> 01:03:33,914
Thanks for convening
on short notice.
1255
01:03:33,947 --> 01:03:35,416
I can't believe it.
1256
01:03:36,417 --> 01:03:37,951
Well, here we are.
1257
01:03:37,985 --> 01:03:39,987
Catch me up. What do we know?
1258
01:03:40,020 --> 01:03:42,524
One of our B-29s
over the North Pacific
1259
01:03:42,557 --> 01:03:44,058
has detected radiation.
1260
01:03:44,091 --> 01:03:45,859
Do we have the filter papers?
1261
01:03:45,893 --> 01:03:47,895
There's no doubt what this is.
1262
01:03:47,928 --> 01:03:49,129
White House says
there's a doubt.
1263
01:03:49,163 --> 01:03:50,598
Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1264
01:03:50,632 --> 01:03:53,334
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1265
01:03:54,268 --> 01:03:56,337
It's an atomic test.
1266
01:03:58,972 --> 01:04:00,374
The Russians have a bomb.
1267
01:04:00,407 --> 01:04:04,144
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but some...
1268
01:04:04,178 --> 01:04:06,480
What were you guys
doing at Los Alamos?
1269
01:04:06,514 --> 01:04:07,649
Wasn't security tight?
1270
01:04:07,682 --> 01:04:09,183
Of course it was.
You weren't there.
1271
01:04:09,216 --> 01:04:11,619
-It was...
-Forgive me, Doctor...
1272
01:04:11,653 --> 01:04:14,088
but I was there.
1273
01:04:15,155 --> 01:04:16,490
We can now consider
1274
01:04:16,524 --> 01:04:18,459
the actual mechanics
of detonation.
1275
01:04:18,492 --> 01:04:19,627
Any ideas?
1276
01:04:19,661 --> 01:04:21,395
I call this "shooting."
1277
01:04:21,428 --> 01:04:24,965
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1278
01:04:24,998 --> 01:04:27,501
with enough force
to achieve criticality.
1279
01:04:27,535 --> 01:04:29,203
What do we think? Anyone?
1280
01:04:29,236 --> 01:04:31,038
I've been
thinking about implosion.
1281
01:04:31,071 --> 01:04:33,040
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards,
1282
01:04:33,073 --> 01:04:35,109
crushing the material.
1283
01:04:35,142 --> 01:04:37,077
I'd like to investigate
that idea.
1284
01:04:37,111 --> 01:04:39,413
I'll talk to Ordnance,
get you blowing things up.
1285
01:04:40,414 --> 01:04:41,516
Progress?
1286
01:04:41,549 --> 01:04:43,384
Nice to see you too.
1287
01:04:43,417 --> 01:04:45,185
Meet the British contingent.
1288
01:04:45,219 --> 01:04:47,054
Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs.
1289
01:04:47,087 --> 01:04:48,956
How long have you been British?
1290
01:04:48,989 --> 01:04:50,190
Since Hitler told me
I wasn't German.
1291
01:04:50,224 --> 01:04:54,027
Uh-huh.
Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1292
01:04:54,061 --> 01:04:55,929
School's up and running.
1293
01:04:55,963 --> 01:04:58,265
Bar. Always running.
1294
01:04:58,298 --> 01:05:01,301
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1295
01:05:02,269 --> 01:05:04,271
-Is that...
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
1296
01:05:04,304 --> 01:05:05,707
I've offered jobs
to all the wives.
1297
01:05:05,740 --> 01:05:07,207
Admin, librarians, computation.
1298
01:05:07,241 --> 01:05:09,544
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1299
01:05:09,577 --> 01:05:12,146
-Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
1300
01:05:12,179 --> 01:05:14,549
These are some of the brightest
minds in our community.
1301
01:05:14,582 --> 01:05:16,150
And they're already
security cleared.
1302
01:05:16,183 --> 01:05:18,051
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding
1303
01:05:18,085 --> 01:05:19,554
cross-divisional
open discussions
1304
01:05:19,587 --> 01:05:21,288
-on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
1305
01:05:21,321 --> 01:05:23,658
Compartmentalization is the
key to maintaining security...
1306
01:05:23,691 --> 01:05:25,192
It's only the top men.
1307
01:05:25,225 --> 01:05:27,060
Who presumably communicate
with subordinates.
1308
01:05:27,094 --> 01:05:28,295
These men aren't stupid.
1309
01:05:28,328 --> 01:05:30,164
-They can be discreet.
-I don't like it.
1310
01:05:30,197 --> 01:05:33,100
You don't like anything enough
for that to be a fair test.
1311
01:05:38,640 --> 01:05:41,175
Once a week. Top men only.
1312
01:05:41,208 --> 01:05:42,577
I'd like to bring
my brother here.
1313
01:05:42,610 --> 01:05:44,077
No.
1314
01:05:44,712 --> 01:05:46,480
Uh, Nichols...
1315
01:05:47,615 --> 01:05:49,551
I still haven't heard
that my security clearance
1316
01:05:49,584 --> 01:05:51,151
-has been approved.
-It hasn't.
1317
01:05:51,185 --> 01:05:52,554
We're going to Chicago tomorrow.
1318
01:05:52,587 --> 01:05:53,621
No, you should wait.
1319
01:05:54,823 --> 01:05:55,924
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start.
1320
01:05:55,956 --> 01:05:59,026
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1321
01:05:59,059 --> 01:06:01,061
is proving difficult to obtain
is not my fault.
1322
01:06:01,094 --> 01:06:02,362
It's yours.
1323
01:06:02,396 --> 01:06:04,331
May not be your fault,
but it's your problem.
1324
01:06:04,364 --> 01:06:05,365
Because I'm going.
1325
01:06:05,399 --> 01:06:09,169
And how many people
were in these, uh,
1326
01:06:09,203 --> 01:06:11,405
-open discussions?
-Too many.
1327
01:06:11,438 --> 01:06:12,774
Compartmentalization was
supposed to be the protocol.
1328
01:06:12,807 --> 01:06:14,742
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1329
01:06:14,776 --> 01:06:17,211
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
1330
01:06:17,244 --> 01:06:18,746
-Not unless we start it.
-Robert.
1331
01:06:18,780 --> 01:06:22,182
They just fired a starting gun.
1332
01:06:22,216 --> 01:06:24,184
What's the nature
of the device they detonated?
1333
01:06:24,218 --> 01:06:25,753
The data indicates
it may have been
1334
01:06:25,787 --> 01:06:28,088
a plutonium implosion device.
1335
01:06:28,121 --> 01:06:31,225
Like the one you built
at Los Alamos.
1336
01:06:31,258 --> 01:06:33,093
The Russians have a bomb,
1337
01:06:33,126 --> 01:06:34,394
Truman needs to know
what's next.
1338
01:06:34,428 --> 01:06:36,230
What's next? Arms talks.
1339
01:06:36,263 --> 01:06:38,131
-Arms talks.
-Obviously.
1340
01:06:39,066 --> 01:06:40,267
What about the Super?
1341
01:06:40,300 --> 01:06:42,035
Does Truman even know about it?
1342
01:06:42,069 --> 01:06:44,071
Did we brief him on that?
1343
01:06:44,104 --> 01:06:45,172
Not specifically.
1344
01:06:45,205 --> 01:06:46,508
We still don't know
1345
01:06:46,541 --> 01:06:48,308
if a hydrogen bomb's
technically feasible.
1346
01:06:48,342 --> 01:06:50,244
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it?
1347
01:06:50,277 --> 01:06:52,112
-Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
1348
01:06:52,145 --> 01:06:53,781
Teller's designs have always
been wildly impractical.
1349
01:06:53,815 --> 01:06:56,149
You'd have to deliver
by ox cart.
1350
01:06:56,183 --> 01:06:57,451
-Not airplane.
-Oppie.
1351
01:06:57,484 --> 01:07:01,188
I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
you want to comment?
1352
01:07:02,422 --> 01:07:03,525
No.
1353
01:07:05,392 --> 01:07:07,662
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1354
01:07:07,695 --> 01:07:10,732
the President
of the United States
1355
01:07:10,765 --> 01:07:12,767
needs to know about it.
1356
01:07:14,301 --> 01:07:16,103
And if the Russians
know about it already,
1357
01:07:16,136 --> 01:07:19,139
from a spy at Los Alamos,
1358
01:07:19,172 --> 01:07:20,474
then we've gotta get going.
1359
01:07:20,508 --> 01:07:23,477
There's no proof there was
a spy at Los Alamos.
1360
01:07:23,511 --> 01:07:24,579
Robert.
1361
01:07:29,416 --> 01:07:31,184
They put it under
the football stadium?
1362
01:07:31,218 --> 01:07:33,153
The field's not in use anymore.
1363
01:07:33,186 --> 01:07:35,422
Just as well.
1364
01:07:36,724 --> 01:07:39,159
-Oppie.
-Dr. Fermi.
1365
01:07:41,863 --> 01:07:43,196
I hear you got a little town.
1366
01:07:43,230 --> 01:07:44,464
Yes. Come and see.
1367
01:07:46,199 --> 01:07:50,304
Who could think straight
in a place like that? Huh?
1368
01:07:50,337 --> 01:07:52,272
Everybody will go crazy.
1369
01:07:52,306 --> 01:07:56,176
Thank you for the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1370
01:07:56,209 --> 01:07:59,847
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1371
01:07:59,881 --> 01:08:02,316
When are you going
to try it out?
1372
01:08:02,349 --> 01:08:03,383
We did.
1373
01:08:03,417 --> 01:08:07,789
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1374
01:08:07,822 --> 01:08:09,456
Didn't Groves tell you?
1375
01:08:09,489 --> 01:08:11,124
No.
1376
01:08:15,630 --> 01:08:18,733
One at a time, please,
one at a time.
1377
01:08:18,766 --> 01:08:20,233
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1378
01:08:21,335 --> 01:08:23,805
I tried Personnel.
They asked if I could type.
1379
01:08:23,838 --> 01:08:25,138
Can you?
1380
01:08:25,172 --> 01:08:26,306
Harvard forgot to teach that
1381
01:08:26,340 --> 01:08:28,175
on the graduate
chemistry course.
1382
01:08:29,544 --> 01:08:32,446
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here
on the plutonium team.
1383
01:08:38,218 --> 01:08:39,887
What the hell
were you doing in Chicago?
1384
01:08:39,921 --> 01:08:41,388
Visiting the Met?
1385
01:08:41,421 --> 01:08:42,422
-Why? Why?
-Well, you can't talk to...
1386
01:08:42,456 --> 01:08:44,491
Because we have every right...
1387
01:08:44,525 --> 01:08:46,861
You have just the rights
that I give you.
1388
01:08:46,894 --> 01:08:48,362
No more, no less.
1389
01:08:48,395 --> 01:08:50,832
We are adults
trying to run a project here.
1390
01:08:50,865 --> 01:08:52,567
This is ridiculous.
1391
01:08:52,600 --> 01:08:54,368
Tell him.
1392
01:08:54,401 --> 01:08:57,538
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1393
01:08:58,673 --> 01:08:59,907
Enough of this madhouse.
1394
01:08:59,941 --> 01:09:02,309
Nobody can work
under these conditions.
1395
01:09:02,342 --> 01:09:06,781
You know what, Generalissimo?
I quit.
1396
01:09:06,814 --> 01:09:08,215
Thanks for nothing.
1397
01:09:10,317 --> 01:09:11,819
Better off without him.
1398
01:09:13,253 --> 01:09:14,287
Aren't you more concerned
1399
01:09:14,321 --> 01:09:16,691
about his discretion out there?
1400
01:09:16,724 --> 01:09:19,127
We'll have him killed.
1401
01:09:19,961 --> 01:09:22,530
I was just kidding.
1402
01:09:22,563 --> 01:09:25,499
-No, he hates me, not America.
-You know, General,
1403
01:09:25,533 --> 01:09:27,869
not everyone has levers
to pull like mine.
1404
01:09:27,902 --> 01:09:29,737
I don't think I understand.
1405
01:09:29,771 --> 01:09:31,939
You didn't hire me
despite my left-wing past.
1406
01:09:31,973 --> 01:09:33,708
You hired me because of it.
1407
01:09:34,709 --> 01:09:36,678
So you could control me.
1408
01:09:36,711 --> 01:09:39,312
Well, I'm not that subtle.
1409
01:09:39,346 --> 01:09:41,381
I'm just a humble soldier.
1410
01:09:41,415 --> 01:09:42,917
You're neither humble
nor just a soldier.
1411
01:09:42,950 --> 01:09:43,951
You studied engineering at MIT.
1412
01:09:43,985 --> 01:09:45,820
Guilty as charged.
1413
01:09:45,853 --> 01:09:47,354
Well, now we understand
each other,
1414
01:09:47,387 --> 01:09:48,823
perhaps you can get me
my security clearance
1415
01:09:48,856 --> 01:09:51,659
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1416
01:09:56,564 --> 01:09:58,298
General Groves, were you aware
1417
01:09:58,331 --> 01:10:00,635
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
left-wing associations
1418
01:10:00,668 --> 01:10:02,335
when you appointed him?
1419
01:10:02,369 --> 01:10:04,005
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1420
01:10:04,038 --> 01:10:05,907
I was aware he had
a very extreme
1421
01:10:05,940 --> 01:10:07,307
liberal background.
1422
01:10:07,340 --> 01:10:08,943
In your opinion,
would he ever consciously
1423
01:10:08,976 --> 01:10:10,277
commit a disloyal act?
1424
01:10:10,310 --> 01:10:11,913
I would be amazed if he did.
1425
01:10:11,946 --> 01:10:15,016
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity.
1426
01:10:15,049 --> 01:10:16,450
At Los Alamos, yes,
1427
01:10:16,483 --> 01:10:17,819
which is where
I really knew him.
1428
01:10:17,852 --> 01:10:19,821
General,
did your security officers
1429
01:10:19,854 --> 01:10:21,321
on the project advise you
1430
01:10:21,354 --> 01:10:22,824
against the clearance
of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1431
01:10:22,857 --> 01:10:26,661
They could not and would not
clear him until I insisted.
1432
01:10:26,694 --> 01:10:29,329
And it's safe to say that you
had a pretty good knowledge
1433
01:10:29,362 --> 01:10:30,598
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
security file.
1434
01:10:30,631 --> 01:10:32,299
I did.
1435
01:10:32,332 --> 01:10:33,500
Well, then there's only
really one question
1436
01:10:33,534 --> 01:10:35,002
I need answered here today.
1437
01:10:35,036 --> 01:10:36,738
In light of
the current AEC guidelines,
1438
01:10:36,771 --> 01:10:39,473
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1439
01:10:39,507 --> 01:10:41,576
Do you have the guidelines?
1440
01:10:48,649 --> 01:10:51,318
Under current AEC guidelines,
1441
01:10:51,351 --> 01:10:53,386
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1442
01:11:05,600 --> 01:11:09,402
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1443
01:11:09,436 --> 01:11:12,472
My God. What a trek.
1444
01:11:12,507 --> 01:11:13,975
That's why you need a liaison.
1445
01:11:14,008 --> 01:11:15,543
I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1446
01:11:16,711 --> 01:11:17,779
You're gonna be okay.
1447
01:11:17,812 --> 01:11:18,980
This way, gentlemen.
1448
01:11:28,956 --> 01:11:30,792
-Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
1449
01:11:30,825 --> 01:11:33,393
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about in Berkeley.
1450
01:11:33,426 --> 01:11:35,763
Compartmentalization.
I understand completely.
1451
01:11:38,933 --> 01:11:39,934
Okay.
1452
01:11:41,102 --> 01:11:42,537
Thank you.
1453
01:11:50,443 --> 01:11:51,679
Greetings from Berkeley.
1454
01:11:51,712 --> 01:11:53,848
I am here to update you
on our progress
1455
01:11:53,881 --> 01:11:55,415
and solicit your input.
1456
01:11:55,448 --> 01:11:56,818
To do so,
I am going to have to share
1457
01:11:56,851 --> 01:12:00,521
a few things that
General Groves told me not to.
1458
01:12:00,555 --> 01:12:02,355
Sorry, General,
I said I understood,
1459
01:12:02,389 --> 01:12:03,456
not that I agreed.
1460
01:12:03,490 --> 01:12:05,026
'Kay.
1461
01:12:05,059 --> 01:12:07,094
Gentlemen, to business.
1462
01:12:07,128 --> 01:12:09,496
There were rumors of espionage
at Los Alamos.
1463
01:12:09,530 --> 01:12:10,998
Unsubstantiated.
Unsubstantiated.
1464
01:12:11,032 --> 01:12:12,499
I'm told
1465
01:12:12,533 --> 01:12:13,835
that there were Communists
on the project.
1466
01:12:13,868 --> 01:12:15,636
We didn't knowingly
employ any Communists.
1467
01:12:15,670 --> 01:12:17,437
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1468
01:12:17,470 --> 01:12:18,940
in discussions of the Super?
1469
01:12:18,973 --> 01:12:21,142
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1470
01:12:21,175 --> 01:12:23,443
My brother had left
the Party by then.
1471
01:12:23,476 --> 01:12:24,712
What about Lomanitz?
1472
01:12:24,745 --> 01:12:26,479
Lomanitz was never
employed at Los Alamos.
1473
01:12:26,514 --> 01:12:27,515
He was a liaison.
1474
01:12:27,548 --> 01:12:28,716
Our security was tight,
1475
01:12:28,749 --> 01:12:30,117
as former Colonel Nichols
well knows.
1476
01:12:30,151 --> 01:12:31,719
Our security was as tight
as it could be
1477
01:12:31,752 --> 01:12:33,120
given the personalities
involved,
1478
01:12:33,154 --> 01:12:34,989
but attempts were made.
1479
01:12:35,022 --> 01:12:36,023
What is that supposed to mean?
1480
01:12:36,057 --> 01:12:37,625
We've all read his file here.
1481
01:12:38,659 --> 01:12:40,661
Do we need to talk
about Jean Tatlock?
1482
01:12:41,195 --> 01:12:43,363
Or the Chevalier incident?
1483
01:12:47,969 --> 01:12:49,369
'Scuse me.
1484
01:12:52,673 --> 01:12:54,642
That's Lomanitz, line one.
1485
01:13:00,514 --> 01:13:01,549
Hello, Rossi.
1486
01:13:01,582 --> 01:13:04,785
What? O-Okay, just calm down.
1487
01:13:05,753 --> 01:13:08,990
There's been another screw-up.
Lomanitz just got drafted.
1488
01:13:09,023 --> 01:13:11,491
-We are at war, Doctor.
-Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
1489
01:13:11,525 --> 01:13:13,527
We need this kid.
Fix it, will you?
1490
01:13:13,561 --> 01:13:14,762
It wasn't a mistake.
1491
01:13:14,795 --> 01:13:16,130
Your friend Lomanitz
has been trying
1492
01:13:16,163 --> 01:13:18,431
to unionize the Radiation Lab.
1493
01:13:18,465 --> 01:13:19,767
He promised to quit all that.
1494
01:13:19,800 --> 01:13:21,702
Well, he hasn't.
1495
01:13:21,736 --> 01:13:23,604
Security officer at Berkeley's
concerned about
1496
01:13:23,638 --> 01:13:25,940
Communist infiltration
through that union,
1497
01:13:25,973 --> 01:13:28,576
-the F.A...
-F.A.E.C.T.
1498
01:13:30,978 --> 01:13:34,682
While I'm there next week,
I'll drop in to see him.
1499
01:13:36,951 --> 01:13:38,686
Your Q clearance came through.
1500
01:13:42,223 --> 01:13:43,658
It's important
you not maintain or renew
1501
01:13:43,691 --> 01:13:45,960
any questionable associations.
1502
01:13:50,698 --> 01:13:53,200
Doctor, did you think
social contacts
1503
01:13:53,234 --> 01:13:55,569
between a person engaged
on secret war work
1504
01:13:55,603 --> 01:13:56,971
and Communists was dangerous?
1505
01:13:57,004 --> 01:14:00,675
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1506
01:14:00,708 --> 01:14:03,611
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1507
01:14:03,644 --> 01:14:06,847
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1508
01:14:13,287 --> 01:14:16,257
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1509
01:14:16,290 --> 01:14:18,559
I mean, really,
1510
01:14:18,592 --> 01:14:20,628
known Communists.
1511
01:14:22,763 --> 01:14:24,999
Look...
1512
01:14:25,032 --> 01:14:26,567
I've had a lot of secrets
1513
01:14:26,600 --> 01:14:29,570
in my head for a long time.
1514
01:14:30,538 --> 01:14:31,806
Doesn't matter
who I associate with.
1515
01:14:31,839 --> 01:14:34,742
I don't talk about
those secrets.
1516
01:14:42,149 --> 01:14:43,784
You said in your statement
1517
01:14:43,818 --> 01:14:49,757
that you had to see
Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1518
01:14:51,225 --> 01:14:52,893
You left.
1519
01:14:54,128 --> 01:14:55,563
Not a word.
1520
01:14:55,596 --> 01:14:58,065
What did you think
that would do to me?
1521
01:14:59,166 --> 01:15:00,234
I wrote.
1522
01:15:00,267 --> 01:15:02,670
Pages of nothing.
1523
01:15:04,939 --> 01:15:07,274
Where did you go?
1524
01:15:07,308 --> 01:15:09,744
-I can't tell you.
-Why not?
1525
01:15:09,777 --> 01:15:12,513
Because you're a Communist.
1526
01:15:14,048 --> 01:15:15,916
Why did you have to see her?
1527
01:15:15,950 --> 01:15:19,053
Because she had indicated
a great desire
1528
01:15:19,086 --> 01:15:20,755
to see me before we left.
1529
01:15:20,788 --> 01:15:21,956
At that time, I couldn't,
1530
01:15:21,989 --> 01:15:25,793
but I felt that
she had to see me.
1531
01:15:25,826 --> 01:15:28,329
She was undergoing
psychiatric treatment.
1532
01:15:28,362 --> 01:15:30,598
She was extremely unhappy.
1533
01:15:30,631 --> 01:15:32,633
Did you find out
why she had to see you?
1534
01:15:37,738 --> 01:15:39,807
Because she was
still in love with me.
1535
01:15:47,014 --> 01:15:49,083
Spent the night together,
didn't you?
1536
01:15:57,058 --> 01:15:58,092
Yes.
1537
01:16:03,764 --> 01:16:07,635
You drop in and out of my life,
1538
01:16:07,668 --> 01:16:10,137
and you don't
have to tell me why.
1539
01:16:10,171 --> 01:16:11,639
Now that's power.
1540
01:16:11,672 --> 01:16:13,707
Not that I enjoy.
1541
01:16:14,675 --> 01:16:16,811
I'd rather be here
for you as you need.
1542
01:16:16,844 --> 01:16:19,313
But you have
other priorities now.
1543
01:16:19,346 --> 01:16:22,116
I have a wife and child.
1544
01:16:23,117 --> 01:16:25,920
That's not what either of us
is talking about.
1545
01:16:29,356 --> 01:16:31,225
Jean.
1546
01:16:31,258 --> 01:16:33,394
You asked me to come.
1547
01:16:33,427 --> 01:16:35,796
And I'm glad I did.
1548
01:16:36,430 --> 01:16:38,999
But I can't see you again.
1549
01:16:41,402 --> 01:16:43,104
But what if I need you?
1550
01:16:46,674 --> 01:16:49,643
You said you would
always answer.
1551
01:16:52,113 --> 01:16:53,247
Not a word?
1552
01:16:54,516 --> 01:16:55,584
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1553
01:16:55,616 --> 01:16:58,285
As a matter of fact, it was.
1554
01:16:58,319 --> 01:17:00,688
Not a word.
1555
01:17:00,721 --> 01:17:02,890
When did you
see her after that?
1556
01:17:11,298 --> 01:17:12,967
I never saw her again.
1557
01:17:19,173 --> 01:17:21,809
I can make the last train
back to Princeton.
1558
01:17:21,842 --> 01:17:25,012
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1559
01:17:25,045 --> 01:17:27,181
Today you said it to history,
didn't you?
1560
01:17:27,214 --> 01:17:28,749
This is a closed hearing.
1561
01:17:30,451 --> 01:17:32,052
If they don't release
the transcript,
1562
01:17:32,086 --> 01:17:34,088
-I'm sure you will.
-I was under oath.
1563
01:17:34,121 --> 01:17:35,890
Well, you were
under an oath for me
1564
01:17:35,923 --> 01:17:37,725
when you went to see Jean.
1565
01:17:38,392 --> 01:17:39,827
You know, you...
1566
01:17:40,728 --> 01:17:43,030
...you sit there, day after day,
1567
01:17:43,063 --> 01:17:46,100
letting them pick our lives
to pieces.
1568
01:17:49,103 --> 01:17:50,804
Why won't you fight?
1569
01:17:53,941 --> 01:17:57,077
Robert, I'm not
putting her up there.
1570
01:18:02,216 --> 01:18:05,085
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
Please, take a seat.
1571
01:18:05,119 --> 01:18:08,722
No need, um, I just wanted
to check whether I should
1572
01:18:08,756 --> 01:18:10,925
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
1573
01:18:10,958 --> 01:18:13,060
Well, I'd say that's really
up to you, Professor,
1574
01:18:13,093 --> 01:18:15,262
-but I'd be cautious.
-Uh-huh. Understood.
1575
01:18:15,296 --> 01:18:18,032
Oh, and, um,
as regards to the union,
1576
01:18:18,065 --> 01:18:19,833
I wanted to give you
a heads-up on a...
1577
01:18:19,867 --> 01:18:21,202
on a man named Eltenton.
1578
01:18:21,235 --> 01:18:22,736
A heads-up?
1579
01:18:22,770 --> 01:18:26,707
Yes, just that he might
merit watching is all.
1580
01:18:27,509 --> 01:18:28,943
Well, I'd love
to get more details.
1581
01:18:28,976 --> 01:18:31,312
Well, I...
I have an appointment now
1582
01:18:31,345 --> 01:18:32,780
and I leave early tomorrow.
1583
01:18:32,813 --> 01:18:34,348
Well, come back
as early as you like.
1584
01:18:34,381 --> 01:18:36,717
Since you haven't time now.
1585
01:18:37,384 --> 01:18:39,220
You went back the next morning.
1586
01:18:39,253 --> 01:18:41,255
I did, I had to, really.
1587
01:18:42,189 --> 01:18:44,792
This time, there was
another man.
1588
01:18:45,459 --> 01:18:46,961
He said his name's Pash.
1589
01:18:46,994 --> 01:18:49,496
Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1590
01:18:49,531 --> 01:18:51,065
Colonel Pash,
could you please read
1591
01:18:51,098 --> 01:18:54,902
from your memo
dated June 29, 1943?
1592
01:18:57,004 --> 01:18:59,106
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1593
01:18:59,139 --> 01:19:01,976
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections.
1594
01:19:02,009 --> 01:19:04,178
"Subject met with
and spent considerable time
1595
01:19:04,211 --> 01:19:06,413
"with one Jean Tatlock,
Communist,
1596
01:19:06,447 --> 01:19:07,915
the record of whom is attached."
1597
01:19:07,948 --> 01:19:09,817
The subject being
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1598
01:19:09,850 --> 01:19:12,319
-Yes.
-Whom you had not met?
1599
01:19:12,353 --> 01:19:14,154
Not then, but soon after.
1600
01:19:14,188 --> 01:19:15,557
He's the head of security
for the project.
1601
01:19:15,590 --> 01:19:16,824
Shouldn't I know him?
1602
01:19:16,857 --> 01:19:18,192
No, he should know you.
1603
01:19:18,225 --> 01:19:20,127
I would never put you
in a room with Pash.
1604
01:19:20,160 --> 01:19:21,428
Why not?
1605
01:19:21,462 --> 01:19:23,531
When Pash first heard
about Lomanitz,
1606
01:19:23,565 --> 01:19:26,500
he told the FBI
he was gonna kidnap him,
1607
01:19:26,534 --> 01:19:28,002
take him out on a boat
1608
01:19:28,035 --> 01:19:31,038
and interrogate him
in the Russian manner.
1609
01:19:33,173 --> 01:19:36,010
General Groves has placed in me
a certain responsibility,
1610
01:19:36,043 --> 01:19:38,279
and it's like having a child
who I can't see.
1611
01:19:38,312 --> 01:19:40,414
-Ah.
-By remote control.
1612
01:19:40,447 --> 01:19:44,051
So to actually meet you is...
1613
01:19:45,152 --> 01:19:46,588
I won't take up
too much of your time.
1614
01:19:46,621 --> 01:19:48,889
No, no, not at all.
Whatever time you choose.
1615
01:19:48,922 --> 01:19:51,825
Mm. Mr. Johnson told me
of a conversation
1616
01:19:51,859 --> 01:19:53,595
you had yesterday
in which I'm very interested.
1617
01:19:53,628 --> 01:19:55,896
It's had me worried all day.
1618
01:19:55,929 --> 01:19:58,432
Yes, well, I didn't want
to talk to Lomanitz
1619
01:19:58,465 --> 01:20:00,000
without authorization.
1620
01:20:00,034 --> 01:20:01,235
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1621
01:20:01,268 --> 01:20:03,237
It's something
a little bit more...
1622
01:20:04,271 --> 01:20:06,040
...well, in my opinion,
more serious.
1623
01:20:06,073 --> 01:20:09,009
Now, when the FBI pointed out
that such information
1624
01:20:09,043 --> 01:20:10,578
wouldn't be admissible in court,
Pash made it clear
1625
01:20:10,612 --> 01:20:14,381
he had no intention of leaving
any witness left to prosecute.
1626
01:20:14,415 --> 01:20:15,983
Now, the FBI talked him down,
1627
01:20:16,016 --> 01:20:17,585
but that's the man
you're dancing with.
1628
01:20:17,619 --> 01:20:20,321
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1629
01:20:20,354 --> 01:20:23,057
interested in the work
of the Radiation Lab.
1630
01:20:23,090 --> 01:20:26,994
A man attached
to the Soviet Consul
1631
01:20:27,027 --> 01:20:30,064
indicated,
through intermediate people,
1632
01:20:30,097 --> 01:20:31,633
to people on this project,
1633
01:20:31,666 --> 01:20:35,102
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1634
01:20:35,135 --> 01:20:37,971
Oh, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
1635
01:20:39,406 --> 01:20:41,942
Frankly, I can see that
there might be an argument
1636
01:20:41,975 --> 01:20:44,378
for the Commander-in-Chief
informing the Russians--
1637
01:20:44,411 --> 01:20:46,280
they're our allies after all--
1638
01:20:46,313 --> 01:20:49,216
but I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
1639
01:20:49,249 --> 01:20:51,985
It might not hurt
to be on the lookout for it.
1640
01:20:53,387 --> 01:20:54,556
And you said that to Pash?
1641
01:20:54,589 --> 01:20:56,090
I was trying to put it
1642
01:20:56,123 --> 01:20:58,959
in a context
of Russia's not Germany.
1643
01:20:58,992 --> 01:21:03,397
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1644
01:21:03,430 --> 01:21:06,934
Born here, but in 1918,
he went back to Russia
1645
01:21:06,967 --> 01:21:08,402
to fight the Bolsheviks.
1646
01:21:08,435 --> 01:21:10,605
This is a man who has killed
Communists with his own hands.
1647
01:21:10,638 --> 01:21:14,108
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1648
01:21:14,141 --> 01:21:16,176
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1649
01:21:16,210 --> 01:21:18,412
Would you be
a little more specific?
1650
01:21:21,281 --> 01:21:24,151
There's a man whose name
was mentioned to me
1651
01:21:24,184 --> 01:21:26,286
a couple of times. Eltenton.
1652
01:21:27,321 --> 01:21:30,424
Uh, I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1653
01:21:30,457 --> 01:21:32,993
He talked to a friend of his
1654
01:21:33,026 --> 01:21:36,930
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1655
01:21:38,165 --> 01:21:40,602
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1656
01:21:40,635 --> 01:21:43,170
I was attempting
to give them Eltenton
1657
01:21:43,203 --> 01:21:44,539
without opening a can of worms.
1658
01:21:44,572 --> 01:21:46,541
I told them
a cock-and-bull story.
1659
01:21:46,574 --> 01:21:48,108
Did you lie
to General Groves too?
1660
01:21:48,142 --> 01:21:51,679
No. I admitted to him
that I'd lied to Pash.
1661
01:21:51,713 --> 01:21:53,147
Do you recall this conversation
1662
01:21:53,180 --> 01:21:55,583
about the Chevalier incident?
1663
01:21:55,617 --> 01:21:58,018
I've seen so many
versions of it. Um...
1664
01:21:58,051 --> 01:21:59,219
Wasn't confused before,
1665
01:21:59,253 --> 01:22:00,688
but I'm certainly
getting there now.
1666
01:22:00,722 --> 01:22:02,022
And what was your conclusion?
1667
01:22:02,055 --> 01:22:04,425
That he was under
the influence of
1668
01:22:04,458 --> 01:22:07,327
the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1669
01:22:07,361 --> 01:22:10,964
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1670
01:22:10,998 --> 01:22:13,033
Well, now.
1671
01:22:13,066 --> 01:22:15,502
Might we know through whom
the contact was made?
1672
01:22:15,537 --> 01:22:17,739
That would in... involve people
1673
01:22:17,772 --> 01:22:19,741
who are not to be
involved in this.
1674
01:22:19,774 --> 01:22:22,544
Is that someone
a member of the project?
1675
01:22:22,577 --> 01:22:27,114
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1676
01:22:27,147 --> 01:22:28,248
Ah.
1677
01:22:28,282 --> 01:22:30,050
So Eltenton made his approach
1678
01:22:30,083 --> 01:22:33,320
through a member of
the faculty here at Berkeley?
1679
01:22:35,055 --> 01:22:37,525
As far as I know.
As far as I know, yes.
1680
01:22:37,559 --> 01:22:40,194
But there-there may have been
1681
01:22:40,227 --> 01:22:42,963
more than one person involved.
1682
01:22:46,366 --> 01:22:49,571
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
1683
01:22:49,604 --> 01:22:52,540
I think you can understand
that's because of my insistence
1684
01:22:52,574 --> 01:22:55,175
in not getting
innocent people into trouble.
1685
01:22:55,209 --> 01:22:57,010
You're trying
to protect your friend.
1686
01:22:57,044 --> 01:22:58,278
Who's protecting you?
1687
01:22:58,312 --> 01:22:59,714
Well, you could.
1688
01:22:59,747 --> 01:23:01,081
If you gave me the name.
1689
01:23:01,114 --> 01:23:03,050
If you order me to, I'll do it.
1690
01:23:03,083 --> 01:23:04,117
That's a mistake, Robert.
1691
01:23:04,151 --> 01:23:05,986
You need to volunteer this name.
1692
01:23:06,821 --> 01:23:08,489
And did he give you the name?
1693
01:23:08,523 --> 01:23:09,657
He did.
1694
01:23:09,691 --> 01:23:11,158
-But not then, did he?
-No.
1695
01:23:11,191 --> 01:23:12,660
No. In fact, it was some
months later, wasn't it?
1696
01:23:12,694 --> 01:23:14,596
It was.
1697
01:23:14,629 --> 01:23:15,730
You see me as persistent.
1698
01:23:15,763 --> 01:23:17,498
Well, you are...
1699
01:23:17,532 --> 01:23:19,366
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1700
01:23:19,399 --> 01:23:23,103
And-and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1701
01:23:23,136 --> 01:23:25,138
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
1702
01:23:25,172 --> 01:23:27,274
which may come
to your attention...
1703
01:23:28,643 --> 01:23:30,410
...and be disturbing to you,
1704
01:23:30,444 --> 01:23:33,548
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1705
01:23:33,581 --> 01:23:35,082
I'm not formulating a plan.
1706
01:23:35,115 --> 01:23:37,451
I'll just have to digest
the whole thing.
1707
01:23:41,088 --> 01:23:43,791
In the months
in between your interview
1708
01:23:43,825 --> 01:23:47,461
with Dr. Oppenheimer and his
eventual naming of Chevalier,
1709
01:23:47,494 --> 01:23:48,796
did you expend resources
1710
01:23:48,830 --> 01:23:50,297
trying to find the name
of the intermediary?
1711
01:23:50,330 --> 01:23:52,800
Considerable resources, yes.
1712
01:23:52,834 --> 01:23:55,068
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1713
01:23:55,102 --> 01:23:56,538
And when did you
receive the name?
1714
01:23:56,571 --> 01:23:57,805
I was gone by the time
1715
01:23:57,839 --> 01:24:00,274
-Oppenheimer finally
offered it up. -Gone?
1716
01:24:00,307 --> 01:24:02,476
They felt my time would be
better spent in Europe
1717
01:24:02,510 --> 01:24:05,245
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1718
01:24:05,279 --> 01:24:06,446
Who did?
1719
01:24:07,549 --> 01:24:09,283
General Groves.
1720
01:24:09,316 --> 01:24:11,084
He transferred me to London.
1721
01:24:17,525 --> 01:24:19,627
It's a little early
for a Christmas party.
1722
01:24:19,661 --> 01:24:21,663
Something's up.
1723
01:24:21,696 --> 01:24:23,731
Tolman's been away.
1724
01:24:23,765 --> 01:24:25,465
Where?
1725
01:24:25,499 --> 01:24:27,067
Ruth won't tell.
1726
01:24:31,606 --> 01:24:32,607
Hey!
1727
01:24:36,778 --> 01:24:38,312
Come on, Ruthie.
1728
01:24:38,345 --> 01:24:40,414
Can't tell me, who can you tell?
1729
01:24:40,447 --> 01:24:43,183
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1730
01:24:43,216 --> 01:24:44,586
What makes you think
I know where he is anyway?
1731
01:24:44,619 --> 01:24:46,320
'Cause you do a pretty good job
1732
01:24:46,353 --> 01:24:49,122
of knowing where Mr. Tolman is
when it counts.
1733
01:24:49,156 --> 01:24:50,692
Like now?
1734
01:24:50,725 --> 01:24:54,161
Attention!
1735
01:24:57,364 --> 01:24:59,299
Early Christmas present
for you all.
1736
01:25:07,374 --> 01:25:09,744
The British pilots
put me in the bomb bay.
1737
01:25:09,777 --> 01:25:11,779
Showed me the-the oxygen,
you know,
1738
01:25:11,813 --> 01:25:13,548
but I messed it up.
1739
01:25:13,581 --> 01:25:16,183
Uh, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
1740
01:25:16,216 --> 01:25:18,418
But I pretended
I'd been napping.
1741
01:25:19,386 --> 01:25:20,822
Please enjoy your party.
1742
01:25:22,189 --> 01:25:23,490
Is it big enough?
1743
01:25:23,524 --> 01:25:24,792
To end the war?
1744
01:25:24,826 --> 01:25:27,729
To end all war.
1745
01:25:30,565 --> 01:25:34,636
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
1746
01:25:34,669 --> 01:25:36,403
It was chilling,
1747
01:25:36,436 --> 01:25:38,472
my old student
working for the Nazis.
1748
01:25:38,506 --> 01:25:42,409
He told me some things
to draw me out.
1749
01:25:43,310 --> 01:25:46,648
Sustained fission reactions
in uranium.
1750
01:25:46,681 --> 01:25:48,883
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1751
01:25:48,916 --> 01:25:50,350
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1752
01:25:50,384 --> 01:25:52,654
He seemed more focused
on heavy water.
1753
01:25:52,687 --> 01:25:54,388
As a moderator?
1754
01:25:54,421 --> 01:25:55,790
Yes, instead of graphite.
1755
01:25:58,826 --> 01:26:00,193
What?
1756
01:26:00,227 --> 01:26:02,396
He took a wrong turn.
1757
01:26:02,429 --> 01:26:04,899
We're ahead. And with you here
to help us, Niels.
1758
01:26:04,932 --> 01:26:07,200
Sorry, could you...
1759
01:26:07,234 --> 01:26:10,170
could you give us a moment,
gentlemen?
1760
01:26:16,343 --> 01:26:18,880
I am not here to help, Robert.
1761
01:26:18,913 --> 01:26:20,815
I knew you could
do this without me.
1762
01:26:20,848 --> 01:26:21,949
Then why did you come?
1763
01:26:21,983 --> 01:26:23,417
To talk about after.
1764
01:26:23,450 --> 01:26:25,419
The power you're about to reveal
1765
01:26:25,452 --> 01:26:27,655
will forever outlive the Nazis.
1766
01:26:28,723 --> 01:26:30,323
And the world is not prepared.
1767
01:26:30,357 --> 01:26:31,759
"You could lift the stone
1768
01:26:31,793 --> 01:26:34,428
without being ready
for the snake that's revealed."
1769
01:26:34,461 --> 01:26:35,830
We have to make
the politicians understand,
1770
01:26:35,863 --> 01:26:37,965
this isn't a new weapon.
1771
01:26:37,999 --> 01:26:39,466
It's a new world.
1772
01:26:39,499 --> 01:26:42,870
I'll be out there
doing what I can, but you...
1773
01:26:42,904 --> 01:26:45,472
you're an American Prometheus.
1774
01:26:45,506 --> 01:26:47,742
The man who gave them the power
1775
01:26:47,775 --> 01:26:49,811
to destroy themselves,
1776
01:26:49,844 --> 01:26:51,478
and they'll respect that.
1777
01:26:51,512 --> 01:26:53,681
And your work really begins.
1778
01:26:57,618 --> 01:27:00,755
I'm sorry, Oppie,
but there's a call.
1779
01:27:01,889 --> 01:27:04,625
From San Francisco.
1780
01:27:10,898 --> 01:27:12,600
Robert!
1781
01:27:15,837 --> 01:27:17,370
Robert?
1782
01:27:18,039 --> 01:27:20,608
Robert. Robert.
1783
01:27:20,641 --> 01:27:22,844
God, what's the matter?
1784
01:27:22,877 --> 01:27:24,645
What happened?
1785
01:27:25,513 --> 01:27:27,447
Her father called.
1786
01:27:27,481 --> 01:27:29,617
They found her yesterday
in the bath.
1787
01:27:30,618 --> 01:27:31,753
Who?
1788
01:27:32,754 --> 01:27:34,756
She'd taken pills.
1789
01:27:34,789 --> 01:27:36,691
Left a note, not signed.
1790
01:27:37,692 --> 01:27:38,659
She took barbiturates,
1791
01:27:38,693 --> 01:27:40,628
but there was chloral hydrate
in her blood.
1792
01:27:43,998 --> 01:27:45,332
There was a note.
1793
01:27:45,365 --> 01:27:47,668
Jean Tatlock?
1794
01:27:53,440 --> 01:27:55,442
We were together.
1795
01:27:55,475 --> 01:27:58,278
She said she needed me. I...
1796
01:28:00,380 --> 01:28:03,316
I told her I... I wouldn't...
1797
01:28:03,350 --> 01:28:04,986
I told her I couldn't...
1798
01:28:05,019 --> 01:28:06,687
No, it was... it was me.
1799
01:28:09,690 --> 01:28:11,793
You don't get to commit the sin
1800
01:28:11,826 --> 01:28:13,628
and then have us all
feel sorry for you
1801
01:28:13,661 --> 01:28:16,531
that it had consequences.
1802
01:28:18,599 --> 01:28:20,802
You pull yourself together.
1803
01:28:24,471 --> 01:28:26,607
You know,
people here depend on you.
1804
01:28:29,110 --> 01:28:30,578
Donald, would you like
1805
01:28:30,611 --> 01:28:31,679
to contribute here?
Please, help me out.
1806
01:28:31,712 --> 01:28:32,914
You're on your own, pal.
1807
01:28:32,947 --> 01:28:34,048
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
1808
01:28:34,081 --> 01:28:35,415
because plutonium
is radioactive.
1809
01:28:35,448 --> 01:28:36,984
We just don't know
what it might do
1810
01:28:37,018 --> 01:28:38,753
to the female
reproductive system...
1811
01:28:38,786 --> 01:28:40,688
Your reproductive system is more
exposed than mine, presumably.
1812
01:28:40,721 --> 01:28:43,591
Can we please? The implosion
device is nowhere.
1813
01:28:43,624 --> 01:28:45,026
Hey, you can't rush everything.
1814
01:28:45,059 --> 01:28:46,594
-Oppie, please.
-Well, there's rushing
1815
01:28:46,627 --> 01:28:48,428
and there's getting on
with it, so pick one.
1816
01:28:48,461 --> 01:28:50,463
Wait. Neddermeyer's
doing his job.
1817
01:28:50,497 --> 01:28:51,431
Teller's not helping.
1818
01:28:51,464 --> 01:28:53,000
You're not helping.
1819
01:28:53,034 --> 01:28:54,434
I've been asking
for calculations
1820
01:28:54,467 --> 01:28:55,603
on the implosion lenses
for weeks.
1821
01:28:55,636 --> 01:28:57,104
The British can do it. Fuchs.
1822
01:28:57,138 --> 01:28:58,438
Absolutely.
1823
01:28:58,471 --> 01:28:59,841
It's your job, Teller.
1824
01:28:59,874 --> 01:29:01,676
I'm engaged in research.
1825
01:29:01,709 --> 01:29:04,377
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building.
1826
01:29:12,485 --> 01:29:13,855
I won't work for that man.
1827
01:29:15,623 --> 01:29:17,725
Let him go. He's a prima donna.
1828
01:29:17,758 --> 01:29:19,994
I agree.
He should leave Los Alamos.
1829
01:29:20,027 --> 01:29:21,529
Okay.
1830
01:29:21,562 --> 01:29:23,430
Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer.
1831
01:29:23,463 --> 01:29:24,866
Seth, I'm putting you
on plutonium.
1832
01:29:24,899 --> 01:29:28,002
Lilli, you go work for Kisty.
Because he needs you.
1833
01:29:28,035 --> 01:29:30,605
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1834
01:29:30,638 --> 01:29:33,007
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1835
01:29:33,040 --> 01:29:36,811
And no one is leaving
Los Alamos.
1836
01:29:51,058 --> 01:29:53,027
-They won't let me leave.
-No.
1837
01:29:53,060 --> 01:29:54,662
I won't let you leave.
1838
01:29:55,529 --> 01:29:58,633
Forget Hans. Forget fission.
1839
01:29:58,666 --> 01:30:01,802
Stay here,
research what you want.
1840
01:30:01,836 --> 01:30:04,437
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb,
whatever.
1841
01:30:04,471 --> 01:30:05,640
We'll meet to discuss.
1842
01:30:05,673 --> 01:30:07,141
You don't have time to meet.
1843
01:30:07,174 --> 01:30:08,743
You're a politician now, Robert.
1844
01:30:08,776 --> 01:30:11,411
You've left physics behind
many, many years ago.
1845
01:30:12,246 --> 01:30:14,048
Once a week.
1846
01:30:14,081 --> 01:30:15,950
One hour. You and me.
1847
01:30:21,122 --> 01:30:23,691
Now raise this fucking barrier.
1848
01:30:27,628 --> 01:30:30,064
So the Super
was under development
1849
01:30:30,097 --> 01:30:32,066
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1850
01:30:32,099 --> 01:30:33,601
Yes.
1851
01:30:33,634 --> 01:30:35,502
And yet, after the war,
1852
01:30:35,536 --> 01:30:37,138
you tried to deny it was viable.
1853
01:30:37,171 --> 01:30:38,673
No, no, no. I...
1854
01:30:38,706 --> 01:30:40,541
I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1855
01:30:40,574 --> 01:30:42,209
You... Didn't you try
to kill it at the AEC meeting
1856
01:30:42,243 --> 01:30:43,811
-after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
1857
01:30:43,844 --> 01:30:45,947
But that was
the recommendation of the AEC,
1858
01:30:45,980 --> 01:30:48,249
-was it not?
-After hours of discussion
1859
01:30:48,282 --> 01:30:50,551
about the best response.
1860
01:30:50,584 --> 01:30:55,690
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1861
01:30:56,857 --> 01:31:00,628
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1862
01:31:00,661 --> 01:31:02,763
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
1863
01:31:02,797 --> 01:31:05,099
Izzy, draw some circles
on this side of the map
1864
01:31:05,132 --> 01:31:06,767
where they would target us.
1865
01:31:06,801 --> 01:31:08,836
-Starting with New York. D.C.
-That's fair.
1866
01:31:08,869 --> 01:31:11,639
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1867
01:31:11,672 --> 01:31:13,207
-Deterrence.
-"Deterrence"?
1868
01:31:13,240 --> 01:31:14,842
Do we really need
more deterrence
1869
01:31:14,875 --> 01:31:17,278
than our current arsenal
of atomic bombs?
1870
01:31:17,311 --> 01:31:20,014
Y-You drown in ten feet
of water or-or 10,000,
1871
01:31:20,047 --> 01:31:21,716
what's the difference?
1872
01:31:21,749 --> 01:31:23,718
We can already drown Russia.
They know it.
1873
01:31:23,751 --> 01:31:26,020
-And now they can drown us.
-So we're just escalating...
1874
01:31:36,931 --> 01:31:39,767
As I said,
Teller's designs are still as
1875
01:31:39,800 --> 01:31:41,736
impractical as they were
during the war.
1876
01:31:41,769 --> 01:31:44,739
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie, you know that.
1877
01:31:44,772 --> 01:31:45,906
I don't believe we should commit
1878
01:31:45,940 --> 01:31:47,842
all our resources
to that chance.
1879
01:31:47,875 --> 01:31:50,745
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1880
01:31:50,778 --> 01:31:52,980
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1881
01:31:53,014 --> 01:31:56,317
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1882
01:31:56,350 --> 01:31:57,918
By which you mean
world government?
1883
01:31:57,952 --> 01:32:00,888
The United Nations
as Roosevelt intended.
1884
01:32:00,921 --> 01:32:03,824
Well, I... I asked what Truman
should do, right?
1885
01:32:03,858 --> 01:32:06,761
The world's changed,
it's not fascism but Communism
1886
01:32:06,794 --> 01:32:08,262
that now threatens our survival.
1887
01:32:08,295 --> 01:32:11,932
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1888
01:32:11,966 --> 01:32:14,835
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1889
01:32:14,869 --> 01:32:16,637
Could they be working
on one already?
1890
01:32:16,670 --> 01:32:19,173
Based on information gathered
from a spy at Los Alamos.
1891
01:32:19,206 --> 01:32:20,674
No spy at Los Alamos.
1892
01:32:20,708 --> 01:32:21,776
-Gentlemen.
-There wasn't?
1893
01:32:21,809 --> 01:32:23,044
Let's not get sidetracked.
1894
01:32:23,077 --> 01:32:24,779
I say we use this moment
1895
01:32:24,812 --> 01:32:26,213
to gain concessions
from the Russians
1896
01:32:26,247 --> 01:32:29,316
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
1897
01:32:29,350 --> 01:32:30,985
Thereby revealing its existence.
1898
01:32:31,018 --> 01:32:33,020
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1899
01:32:33,054 --> 01:32:34,655
All right.
1900
01:32:34,688 --> 01:32:36,791
At this point, I'd like
the committee members
1901
01:32:36,824 --> 01:32:40,761
to meet in privacy to finalize
our recommendations.
1902
01:32:41,896 --> 01:32:43,898
I'm just not sure you want
to go down this road.
1903
01:32:43,931 --> 01:32:46,200
Lewis, with respect,
we are the advisory committee,
1904
01:32:46,233 --> 01:32:48,002
we will give them our advice.
1905
01:32:48,035 --> 01:32:49,136
Good night.
1906
01:32:53,340 --> 01:32:57,611
Dr. Oppenheimer?
Hi. William Borden.
1907
01:32:57,645 --> 01:32:58,979
Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy?
1908
01:32:59,013 --> 01:33:00,214
Oh, yes, yes.
1909
01:33:00,247 --> 01:33:01,882
During the war, I was a pilot.
1910
01:33:03,017 --> 01:33:05,753
One night,
flying back from a raid,
1911
01:33:05,786 --> 01:33:08,689
I saw an amazing sight
like a meteor.
1912
01:33:09,890 --> 01:33:12,660
A V-2 rocket headed to England.
1913
01:33:12,693 --> 01:33:14,695
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
1914
01:33:14,728 --> 01:33:18,632
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1915
01:33:27,408 --> 01:33:28,742
Well, let's make sure
we're not the ones
1916
01:33:28,776 --> 01:33:30,077
to make that possible.
1917
01:33:36,784 --> 01:33:39,687
Oppie, I don't think you want
to go up against Strauss.
1918
01:33:39,720 --> 01:33:41,789
If we both speak,
they listen to me.
1919
01:33:41,822 --> 01:33:43,891
When you speak,
they hear a prophet.
1920
01:33:43,924 --> 01:33:45,893
When Strauss speaks,
they hear themselves.
1921
01:33:45,926 --> 01:33:47,728
They'll listen to a prophet.
1922
01:33:47,761 --> 01:33:51,031
A prophet can't be wrong.
Not once.
1923
01:33:51,065 --> 01:33:52,833
Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer
1924
01:33:52,867 --> 01:33:54,768
of sabotaging the development
of the Super?
1925
01:33:54,802 --> 01:33:56,403
I was never one of those
1926
01:33:56,437 --> 01:33:59,707
to bandy around terms
like "sabotage."
1927
01:33:59,740 --> 01:34:01,709
But Mr. Borden was?
1928
01:34:01,742 --> 01:34:03,010
As I understand it, possibly.
1929
01:34:03,043 --> 01:34:05,146
How was Mr. Borden able
to put together
1930
01:34:05,179 --> 01:34:06,447
such a detailed indictment?
1931
01:34:06,480 --> 01:34:08,015
He was no longer
a government employee,
1932
01:34:08,048 --> 01:34:10,684
yet he appears to have
had unlimited access
1933
01:34:10,718 --> 01:34:12,219
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1934
01:34:12,253 --> 01:34:15,156
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
1935
01:34:15,189 --> 01:34:17,091
Or someone else, at the AEC?
1936
01:34:17,124 --> 01:34:19,960
That's a very serious
accusation, Senator.
1937
01:34:19,994 --> 01:34:22,463
Is it your intention to
suggest that Dr. Oppenheimer
1938
01:34:22,496 --> 01:34:24,431
is disloyal
to the United States?
1939
01:34:24,465 --> 01:34:27,001
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
1940
01:34:27,034 --> 01:34:29,737
that he's loyal
to the United States.
1941
01:34:29,770 --> 01:34:31,205
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
1942
01:34:31,238 --> 01:34:34,041
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1943
01:34:34,074 --> 01:34:35,843
Do you or do you not believe
1944
01:34:35,876 --> 01:34:38,245
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
1945
01:34:46,453 --> 01:34:48,088
And if I may,
1946
01:34:48,122 --> 01:34:50,925
when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
1947
01:34:50,958 --> 01:34:52,493
it's my humble opinion
that there is no need
1948
01:34:52,527 --> 01:34:53,994
for that bomb
to be seen anywhere
1949
01:34:54,028 --> 01:34:55,796
except for that test site.
1950
01:34:55,829 --> 01:34:57,831
But we at least
have to take a moment
1951
01:34:57,865 --> 01:34:59,867
to think about whether the means
1952
01:34:59,900 --> 01:35:02,169
justify the ends
any longer, because...
1953
01:35:04,505 --> 01:35:07,074
Germany is about to surrender.
1954
01:35:08,976 --> 01:35:12,313
It's no longer the enemy
who are the greatest threat
1955
01:35:12,346 --> 01:35:14,148
to mankind, it's our work.
1956
01:35:16,551 --> 01:35:19,286
Hitler's dead, it's true.
1957
01:35:20,988 --> 01:35:22,524
But the Japanese fight on.
1958
01:35:22,557 --> 01:35:24,225
Their defeat seems assured.
1959
01:35:24,258 --> 01:35:27,261
Not if you're a G.I.
preparing to invade.
1960
01:35:28,563 --> 01:35:29,863
We can end this war.
1961
01:35:29,897 --> 01:35:31,298
But how do we justify
1962
01:35:31,332 --> 01:35:32,900
using this weapon
on human beings?
1963
01:35:35,936 --> 01:35:39,340
We're theorists, yes?
1964
01:35:39,373 --> 01:35:40,975
Yes. Yep.
1965
01:35:41,008 --> 01:35:45,045
We imagine a future
and our imaginings horrify us.
1966
01:35:46,113 --> 01:35:48,249
But they won't fear it
until they understand it,
1967
01:35:48,282 --> 01:35:51,185
and they won't understand it
until they've used it.
1968
01:35:51,218 --> 01:35:52,386
When the world learns
1969
01:35:52,419 --> 01:35:54,922
the terrible secret
of Los Alamos,
1970
01:35:54,955 --> 01:35:58,392
our work here will ensure
a peace mankind has never seen.
1971
01:35:58,425 --> 01:36:01,795
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1972
01:36:01,829 --> 01:36:03,864
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1973
01:36:08,969 --> 01:36:10,204
Progress?
1974
01:36:10,237 --> 01:36:13,007
Two years and
a billion dollars' worth?
1975
01:36:13,040 --> 01:36:14,808
Well, hard to put a price on it.
1976
01:36:14,842 --> 01:36:16,410
Not really,
just add up the bills.
1977
01:36:16,443 --> 01:36:18,145
"Rural free deliveries."
1978
01:36:18,178 --> 01:36:20,948
Eighty babies delivered
the first year.
1979
01:36:20,981 --> 01:36:23,317
This year,
we've had ten a month.
1980
01:36:23,350 --> 01:36:26,086
Birth control is a little out
of my jurisdiction, General.
1981
01:36:26,954 --> 01:36:29,290
-Clearly.
-General.
1982
01:36:34,261 --> 01:36:35,597
Head down, everyone.
1983
01:36:35,630 --> 01:36:37,798
Fuchs, head down.
1984
01:36:40,301 --> 01:36:41,468
Hmm?
1985
01:36:44,338 --> 01:36:46,073
That's the one.
1986
01:36:46,106 --> 01:36:49,009
Two viable bombs. I need a date.
1987
01:36:51,312 --> 01:36:53,147
September.
1988
01:36:53,180 --> 01:36:54,181
July.
1989
01:36:54,214 --> 01:36:56,150
That's the sweet spot,
gentlemen.
1990
01:36:56,183 --> 01:36:58,352
August.
1991
01:36:58,385 --> 01:37:00,120
July.
1992
01:37:00,154 --> 01:37:01,955
Test in July.
1993
01:37:01,989 --> 01:37:03,625
But I need my brother.
1994
01:37:07,995 --> 01:37:09,930
Frank knows the desert,
he's left politics behind,
1995
01:37:09,963 --> 01:37:12,399
he's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1996
01:37:19,373 --> 01:37:21,208
What do we call the test?
1997
01:37:22,309 --> 01:37:26,080
"Batter my heart,
three-person'd god."
1998
01:37:26,113 --> 01:37:27,214
What?
1999
01:37:28,583 --> 01:37:29,983
Trinity.
2000
01:37:37,659 --> 01:37:39,026
You insisted
2001
01:37:39,059 --> 01:37:40,361
on bringing on
your brother Frank,
2002
01:37:40,394 --> 01:37:41,995
-a known Communist.
-A former Communist.
2003
01:37:42,029 --> 01:37:44,465
You brought a known
former Communist
2004
01:37:44,498 --> 01:37:48,369
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
2005
01:37:48,402 --> 01:37:51,505
I knew my brother
could be trusted. Absolutely.
2006
01:37:51,539 --> 01:37:53,508
And you felt
your judgment was sound
2007
01:37:53,541 --> 01:37:55,376
on who on the team
could be trusted?
2008
01:37:56,377 --> 01:37:57,512
Fuchs, head down.
2009
01:37:57,545 --> 01:37:59,279
Okay, everybody ready?
2010
01:38:00,648 --> 01:38:02,584
Hmm?
2011
01:38:02,617 --> 01:38:04,385
Oh.
2012
01:38:07,522 --> 01:38:08,656
Oh.
2013
01:38:08,690 --> 01:38:10,424
Well, I hope
you learned something.
2014
01:38:10,457 --> 01:38:12,359
Yeah, we learned we're gonna
need to be a lot further away.
2015
01:38:12,393 --> 01:38:13,961
Well, figure it out. Fast.
2016
01:38:13,994 --> 01:38:15,663
We leave for Washington
in the morning.
2017
01:38:15,697 --> 01:38:17,898
We're gonna give them a date.
2018
01:38:32,045 --> 01:38:33,715
You're a long way
from Chicago, Leo.
2019
01:38:33,748 --> 01:38:35,249
If we don't act now,
2020
01:38:35,282 --> 01:38:36,984
they're going to use
this thing against Japan.
2021
01:38:37,017 --> 01:38:38,986
We booked a meeting with Truman,
2022
01:38:39,019 --> 01:38:40,287
but somebody killed it.
2023
01:38:40,320 --> 01:38:42,189
You're meeting
the Secretary of War.
2024
01:38:42,222 --> 01:38:44,391
Just because we're building it,
2025
01:38:44,425 --> 01:38:46,427
doesn't mean we get to decide
how it's used.
2026
01:38:46,460 --> 01:38:49,229
History will judge us, Robert.
2027
01:38:49,263 --> 01:38:52,567
In Chicago,
we put together a petition.
2028
01:38:52,600 --> 01:38:54,536
I'm not...
I'm not getting into that.
2029
01:38:59,607 --> 01:39:01,543
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relay them.
2030
01:39:01,576 --> 01:39:02,677
My concerns?
2031
01:39:02,710 --> 01:39:04,679
Germany's defeated.
2032
01:39:04,712 --> 01:39:06,480
Japan's not going
to hold out alone.
2033
01:39:06,514 --> 01:39:08,415
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
2034
01:39:08,449 --> 01:39:10,217
You and Einstein
with your letter to Roosevelt
2035
01:39:10,250 --> 01:39:13,053
-saying we could build a bomb.
-Against Germany.
2036
01:39:13,086 --> 01:39:16,023
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
2037
01:39:16,056 --> 01:39:17,191
Oppie, you have to help.
2038
01:39:17,224 --> 01:39:18,526
Fermi's in the meeting.
2039
01:39:18,560 --> 01:39:20,127
-Lawrence is in the meeting.
-They're not you.
2040
01:39:20,160 --> 01:39:22,329
You're the great salesman
of science.
2041
01:39:22,362 --> 01:39:24,965
You can convince
anyone of anything.
2042
01:39:25,667 --> 01:39:27,067
Even yourself.
2043
01:39:27,669 --> 01:39:29,069
'Scuse me.
2044
01:39:30,103 --> 01:39:33,373
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people.
2045
01:39:33,407 --> 01:39:35,209
Mostly civilians.
2046
01:39:35,242 --> 01:39:37,779
I worry about an America
where we do these things
2047
01:39:37,812 --> 01:39:39,547
and no one protests.
2048
01:39:39,581 --> 01:39:42,617
Pearl Harbor and three years of
brutal conflict in the Pacific
2049
01:39:42,650 --> 01:39:45,185
bought us a lot of latitude
with the American public.
2050
01:39:45,219 --> 01:39:47,254
Enough to unleash
the atomic bomb?
2051
01:39:47,287 --> 01:39:49,156
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause
2052
01:39:49,189 --> 01:39:51,091
as much damage
as the Tokyo bombings.
2053
01:39:51,124 --> 01:39:52,493
What are we estimating?
2054
01:39:52,527 --> 01:39:55,362
In a medium-size city, uh,
2055
01:39:55,395 --> 01:39:56,798
20 or 30,000 dead.
2056
01:39:56,831 --> 01:39:58,633
Yes, but, uh,
2057
01:39:58,666 --> 01:40:01,703
don't underestimate
the psychological impact of a...
2058
01:40:01,736 --> 01:40:03,136
of an atomic explosion.
2059
01:40:03,170 --> 01:40:07,407
A pillar of fire
10,000 feet tall.
2060
01:40:07,441 --> 01:40:10,778
Deadly neutron effects
for a mile, in all directions,
2061
01:40:10,812 --> 01:40:13,715
from one single device.
2062
01:40:13,748 --> 01:40:16,083
Dropped from
a barely noticed B-29,
2063
01:40:16,116 --> 01:40:18,385
the atomic bomb will be
2064
01:40:18,418 --> 01:40:21,255
a terrible revelation
of divine power.
2065
01:40:21,288 --> 01:40:24,559
If that's true,
it would be definitive.
2066
01:40:24,592 --> 01:40:26,661
World War II would be over.
2067
01:40:26,694 --> 01:40:28,395
Our boys would come home.
2068
01:40:28,428 --> 01:40:29,564
Military targets?
2069
01:40:30,698 --> 01:40:33,367
Uh, there aren't any big enough.
2070
01:40:33,400 --> 01:40:39,172
Perhaps a vital war plant
with workers housed nearby.
2071
01:40:39,206 --> 01:40:41,543
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
2072
01:40:41,576 --> 01:40:43,745
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
2073
01:40:43,778 --> 01:40:45,379
and I'd be up in that plane.
2074
01:40:45,412 --> 01:40:48,616
But if we announce it
and it fails to go off,
2075
01:40:48,650 --> 01:40:51,351
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
2076
01:40:51,385 --> 01:40:54,488
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan
2077
01:40:54,522 --> 01:40:56,223
to provoke surrender?
2078
01:40:56,256 --> 01:40:59,326
We intend to demonstrate it
in the most unambiguous terms.
2079
01:40:59,359 --> 01:41:00,060
Twice.
2080
01:41:00,093 --> 01:41:02,162
Once to show the weapon's power
2081
01:41:02,195 --> 01:41:04,699
and a second to show
that we can keep doing this
2082
01:41:04,732 --> 01:41:06,233
until they surrender.
2083
01:41:06,266 --> 01:41:09,637
We have a list of 12 cities
to choose from...
2084
01:41:09,671 --> 01:41:11,573
Sorry, 11.
2085
01:41:11,606 --> 01:41:13,307
I've taken Kyoto off the list
2086
01:41:13,340 --> 01:41:17,144
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
2087
01:41:17,177 --> 01:41:19,814
Also, my wife and I
honeymooned there.
2088
01:41:19,847 --> 01:41:21,348
It's a magnificent city.
2089
01:41:24,919 --> 01:41:26,621
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
2090
01:41:26,654 --> 01:41:29,156
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
2091
01:41:29,189 --> 01:41:31,626
the Japanese people
will not surrender
2092
01:41:31,659 --> 01:41:33,427
under any circumstances
2093
01:41:33,460 --> 01:41:36,864
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
2094
01:41:36,898 --> 01:41:39,867
Many lives will be lost,
American and Japanese.
2095
01:41:39,901 --> 01:41:42,135
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities
2096
01:41:42,169 --> 01:41:44,137
will save lives.
2097
01:41:44,171 --> 01:41:46,473
If we retain moral advantage.
2098
01:41:46,507 --> 01:41:48,643
-How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
2099
01:41:48,676 --> 01:41:51,613
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat.
2100
01:41:51,646 --> 01:41:52,814
And we'll be in an arms race.
2101
01:41:52,847 --> 01:41:54,916
How open can we be
with the Soviets?
2102
01:41:54,949 --> 01:41:56,517
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets
2103
01:41:56,551 --> 01:41:58,920
from becoming part
of the atomic world.
2104
01:41:58,953 --> 01:42:01,254
We've been told
they have no uranium.
2105
01:42:01,288 --> 01:42:02,489
You've been misinformed.
2106
01:42:02,523 --> 01:42:04,358
A Russian bomb
is a matter of time.
2107
01:42:04,391 --> 01:42:07,795
The program needs to continue
at full pace after the war.
2108
01:42:07,829 --> 01:42:10,430
Uh, Secretary Stimson,
if I may...
2109
01:42:10,464 --> 01:42:14,468
Not all scientists
on the project are in agreement.
2110
01:42:14,501 --> 01:42:17,371
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
2111
01:42:17,404 --> 01:42:19,306
-If you talk a scientist in...
-The Manhattan Project
2112
01:42:19,339 --> 01:42:20,708
has been plagued from the start
2113
01:42:20,742 --> 01:42:24,545
by certain scientists
of doubtful discretion
2114
01:42:24,579 --> 01:42:25,647
and uncertain loyalty.
2115
01:42:25,680 --> 01:42:27,915
One of them just tried to meet
with the president.
2116
01:42:27,949 --> 01:42:29,784
Now, we need these men,
2117
01:42:29,817 --> 01:42:31,351
but as soon as it's practical,
2118
01:42:31,385 --> 01:42:33,655
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
2119
01:42:33,688 --> 01:42:35,255
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
2120
01:42:36,390 --> 01:42:38,225
If a Russian bomb
is inevitable,
2121
01:42:38,258 --> 01:42:41,529
perhaps we should invite
their top scientists to Trinity.
2122
01:42:41,562 --> 01:42:43,865
President Truman
has no intention
2123
01:42:43,898 --> 01:42:45,465
of raising expectations
2124
01:42:45,499 --> 01:42:48,301
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
2125
01:42:48,335 --> 01:42:49,704
Informing him
of our breakthrough
2126
01:42:49,737 --> 01:42:51,338
and presenting it as a means
to win the war
2127
01:42:51,371 --> 01:42:54,274
need not make
unkeepable promises.
2128
01:42:54,307 --> 01:42:55,843
But the Potsdam
peace conference in July
2129
01:42:55,877 --> 01:42:57,779
will be President Truman's
last chance
2130
01:42:57,812 --> 01:42:59,947
to have that conversation.
2131
01:42:59,981 --> 01:43:01,883
Can you give us
a working bomb by then?
2132
01:43:02,850 --> 01:43:06,587
Absolutely. We will test fire
before the conference.
2133
01:43:11,324 --> 01:43:13,861
Ground zero observation posts
2134
01:43:13,895 --> 01:43:15,362
at 10,000 yards
2135
01:43:15,395 --> 01:43:17,565
north, south and west.
2136
01:43:17,598 --> 01:43:20,902
-Where do we trigger from?
-Uh, south 10,000.
2137
01:43:20,935 --> 01:43:24,271
And base camp
is ten miles south, here.
2138
01:43:24,304 --> 01:43:27,240
And there's a further
observation post
2139
01:43:27,274 --> 01:43:29,443
on-on that hill 20 miles away.
2140
01:43:29,476 --> 01:43:32,446
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
2141
01:43:32,479 --> 01:43:35,983
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
2142
01:43:36,017 --> 01:43:38,452
What B-29?
Our bomb's on the tower.
2143
01:43:38,485 --> 01:43:39,854
They want to use the test
2144
01:43:39,887 --> 01:43:41,723
to confirm a safe
operating distance.
2145
01:43:41,756 --> 01:43:42,990
That's risky.
2146
01:43:43,024 --> 01:43:44,659
Not as risky as dropping one
over Japan
2147
01:43:44,692 --> 01:43:46,460
and hoping that we were right
about the blast radius.
2148
01:43:46,493 --> 01:43:48,596
Don't let them slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
2149
01:43:48,629 --> 01:43:51,866
-The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
2150
01:43:51,899 --> 01:43:54,234
The 15th.
2151
01:43:55,335 --> 01:43:57,270
So I'll be here
at South Observation point
2152
01:43:57,304 --> 01:43:59,507
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
2153
01:43:59,540 --> 01:44:02,043
You'll all be assigned
to Base Camp,
2154
01:44:02,076 --> 01:44:05,278
West Observation
or Far Observation.
2155
01:44:14,922 --> 01:44:16,824
Whoa, whoa.
Careful with the knife.
2156
01:44:16,858 --> 01:44:19,292
There, carefully.
2157
01:44:20,393 --> 01:44:21,929
Are those safe distances?
2158
01:44:21,963 --> 01:44:24,464
They're based
on your calculations.
2159
01:44:24,498 --> 01:44:27,400
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
2160
01:44:50,825 --> 01:44:52,292
Yeah.
2161
01:44:56,964 --> 01:44:58,800
What 'bout the radiation cloud?
2162
01:44:58,833 --> 01:45:00,067
Without high winds,
2163
01:45:00,101 --> 01:45:01,669
it should settle
within two to three miles.
2164
01:45:01,702 --> 01:45:04,105
Evacuation measures
are in place.
2165
01:45:04,138 --> 01:45:05,940
But we need good weather
for visibility,
2166
01:45:05,973 --> 01:45:07,440
so it has to be fine.
2167
01:45:08,543 --> 01:45:09,811
Everybody out.
2168
01:45:19,987 --> 01:45:21,122
We go on the night of the 15th.
2169
01:45:21,155 --> 01:45:23,090
It's a hard deadline,
2170
01:45:23,124 --> 01:45:26,426
so if anyone has anything,
speak now.
2171
01:45:27,128 --> 01:45:28,461
Okay, stop, stop.
2172
01:45:28,495 --> 01:45:30,363
Everybody, mattresses.
2173
01:45:30,397 --> 01:45:32,465
Put the mattress underneath.
2174
01:45:49,449 --> 01:45:52,352
Could use
a final implosion test.
2175
01:45:53,054 --> 01:45:55,022
It couldn't hurt.
2176
01:45:55,056 --> 01:45:56,557
Do it.
2177
01:45:57,525 --> 01:45:59,827
Is there anything else
that might stop us?
2178
01:46:33,928 --> 01:46:36,831
It's happening, isn't it?
2179
01:46:37,932 --> 01:46:39,700
I'll send a message.
2180
01:46:40,568 --> 01:46:43,204
If it's gone our way,
2181
01:46:43,237 --> 01:46:44,805
take in the sheets.
2182
01:46:48,843 --> 01:46:49,877
Robert?
2183
01:46:52,546 --> 01:46:53,981
Break a leg.
2184
01:48:00,548 --> 01:48:03,684
Oppie's taken a very modest
three kilotons.
2185
01:48:03,718 --> 01:48:06,087
-Teller's in with 45.
-20.
2186
01:48:06,120 --> 01:48:08,556
Twenty thousand tons of TNT,
2187
01:48:08,589 --> 01:48:09,991
and does anyone want
the side action
2188
01:48:10,024 --> 01:48:12,760
on atmospheric ignition?
2189
01:48:13,728 --> 01:48:16,664
Are you saying
we'll have to delay?
2190
01:48:16,697 --> 01:48:17,865
I'm saying it would be prudent.
2191
01:48:17,898 --> 01:48:19,133
This weather,
has it reached the site?
2192
01:48:24,972 --> 01:48:26,941
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
2193
01:48:26,974 --> 01:48:28,609
Hello, Hans.
2194
01:48:28,642 --> 01:48:30,044
Yes, he's here.
2195
01:48:30,878 --> 01:48:32,213
Yes.
2196
01:48:34,782 --> 01:48:35,983
-Is he wrong?
-No.
2197
01:48:36,017 --> 01:48:37,918
-No?
-No.
2198
01:48:38,753 --> 01:48:40,321
So we're about to fire a dud?
2199
01:48:40,354 --> 01:48:41,822
-No.
-Explain.
2200
01:48:41,856 --> 01:48:44,625
Well, I can't. I just...
I-I just know.
2201
01:48:44,658 --> 01:48:46,327
I know the implosion lenses
will work.
2202
01:48:46,360 --> 01:48:47,762
If we fire these detonators
2203
01:48:47,795 --> 01:48:49,030
and they don't
trigger a reaction,
2204
01:48:49,063 --> 01:48:50,731
two years' worth of plutonium
2205
01:48:50,765 --> 01:48:52,166
will be scattered
across White Sands.
2206
01:48:52,199 --> 01:48:56,103
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
2207
01:48:56,137 --> 01:48:58,139
Jesus.
2208
01:49:03,210 --> 01:49:06,347
The wind's picking
up at zero, not the rain.
2209
01:49:06,380 --> 01:49:07,815
Lightning's circling.
2210
01:49:07,848 --> 01:49:09,283
You think it might be time
to tell your men
2211
01:49:09,316 --> 01:49:12,219
to get away from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
2212
01:49:15,356 --> 01:49:17,324
Let's get to South Observation.
2213
01:49:17,358 --> 01:49:18,826
Pull 'em out.
2214
01:49:18,859 --> 01:49:20,261
We can make
our determination there.
2215
01:49:25,666 --> 01:49:27,668
The team hasn't slept
in two nights.
2216
01:49:27,701 --> 01:49:29,703
If we stand down,
make the bomb safe,
2217
01:49:29,737 --> 01:49:31,072
we won't be back here for weeks.
2218
01:49:31,105 --> 01:49:32,773
Then we'll miss Potsdam.
2219
01:49:32,807 --> 01:49:34,708
I gotta get word
to Truman by 7:00.
2220
01:49:34,742 --> 01:49:35,976
Our window's closing.
2221
01:49:36,010 --> 01:49:37,078
What is this doing?
2222
01:49:37,111 --> 01:49:38,612
Raining, blowing, lightning.
2223
01:49:38,646 --> 01:49:40,681
-For how long, damn it?
-It's holdin' strong.
2224
01:49:40,714 --> 01:49:42,016
It'll break before dawn.
2225
01:49:42,049 --> 01:49:43,717
-How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
2226
01:49:43,751 --> 01:49:44,852
Storm cools overnight.
2227
01:49:44,885 --> 01:49:46,687
Just before dawn,
the storm breaks.
2228
01:49:46,720 --> 01:49:48,923
He could be right, but schedule
as late as possible.
2229
01:49:48,956 --> 01:49:50,691
5:30!
2230
01:49:50,724 --> 01:49:51,759
Sign your forecast.
2231
01:49:51,792 --> 01:49:52,860
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
2232
01:49:52,893 --> 01:49:54,695
Frank, tell them all, 5:30.
2233
01:49:54,728 --> 01:49:56,864
-5:30, 5:30.
-5:30.
2234
01:49:59,066 --> 01:50:04,004
Three years,
4,000 people, $2 billion.
2235
01:50:04,038 --> 01:50:06,407
Well, if it doesn't go off...
2236
01:50:06,440 --> 01:50:08,042
we're both finished.
2237
01:50:10,811 --> 01:50:12,780
I'm betting on three kilotons.
2238
01:50:13,747 --> 01:50:15,182
Anything less,
they won't get what it is.
2239
01:50:15,216 --> 01:50:19,787
What did Fermi mean
by "atmospheric ignition"?
2240
01:50:19,820 --> 01:50:21,288
Well, we had a moment
where it looked like
2241
01:50:21,322 --> 01:50:25,159
the chain reaction from an
atomic device might never stop.
2242
01:50:26,393 --> 01:50:28,429
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
2243
01:50:28,462 --> 01:50:30,431
Why is Fermi
still taking side bets on it?
2244
01:50:30,464 --> 01:50:33,634
Call it gallows humor.
2245
01:50:35,970 --> 01:50:38,772
Wait, are we saying
there's a chance
2246
01:50:38,806 --> 01:50:40,674
that when we push that button,
2247
01:50:40,708 --> 01:50:42,042
we destroy the world?
2248
01:50:42,076 --> 01:50:44,245
Nothing in our research
over three years
2249
01:50:44,278 --> 01:50:45,913
supports that conclusion.
2250
01:50:45,946 --> 01:50:48,916
Except as the most
remote possibility.
2251
01:50:48,949 --> 01:50:50,284
How remote?
2252
01:50:50,317 --> 01:50:51,919
Chances are near zero.
2253
01:50:53,254 --> 01:50:54,655
Near zero?
2254
01:50:55,422 --> 01:50:57,992
What do you want
from theory alone?
2255
01:50:59,493 --> 01:51:01,862
Zero would be nice.
2256
01:51:05,166 --> 01:51:06,800
In exactly
2257
01:51:06,834 --> 01:51:10,137
one hour, 58 minutes,
2258
01:51:10,171 --> 01:51:11,705
we'll know.
2259
01:51:17,745 --> 01:51:18,946
It's letting up.
2260
01:51:31,825 --> 01:51:34,195
The arming party's left Zero,
they're heading this way.
2261
01:51:34,228 --> 01:51:35,196
Throwing the switches.
2262
01:51:35,229 --> 01:51:36,330
Turn the cars.
2263
01:51:36,363 --> 01:51:38,832
Ready for emergency evacuation.
2264
01:51:56,518 --> 01:51:57,751
...welder's glass.
2265
01:51:57,785 --> 01:51:59,353
Everybody take your places.
2266
01:51:59,386 --> 01:52:01,889
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2267
01:52:03,390 --> 01:52:05,259
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2268
01:52:56,477 --> 01:52:57,878
Twenty minutes.
2269
01:53:01,382 --> 01:53:03,217
Twenty minutes.
2270
01:53:14,395 --> 01:53:15,929
That's 20.
2271
01:53:18,932 --> 01:53:20,401
On the leg, please.
2272
01:53:21,935 --> 01:53:24,438
-Feynman.
-No.
2273
01:53:24,471 --> 01:53:26,440
The glass. Stops the U.V.
2274
01:53:26,473 --> 01:53:28,275
And what stops the glass?
2275
01:53:29,276 --> 01:53:32,246
I'm gonna head to base camp.
Best of luck.
2276
01:53:33,380 --> 01:53:34,915
Robert.
2277
01:53:35,517 --> 01:53:37,351
Try not to blow up the world.
2278
01:53:49,229 --> 01:53:50,331
Watch that needle.
2279
01:53:50,364 --> 01:53:51,932
If the detonators don't charge
2280
01:53:51,965 --> 01:53:53,901
or the voltage drops
below one volt,
2281
01:53:53,934 --> 01:53:55,936
you hit that button, you abort.
2282
01:53:55,969 --> 01:53:58,272
-Understood?
-Understood.
2283
01:54:05,680 --> 01:54:08,215
Two minutes to detonation.
2284
01:54:08,248 --> 01:54:10,217
Everybody down.
2285
01:54:10,250 --> 01:54:11,218
Do not turn around
2286
01:54:11,251 --> 01:54:14,321
until you see light
reflected on the hills.
2287
01:54:14,355 --> 01:54:15,489
Then look at the explosion
2288
01:54:15,523 --> 01:54:17,157
only through
your welder's glass.
2289
01:54:17,191 --> 01:54:19,893
Ninety seconds to detonation.
2290
01:54:21,529 --> 01:54:24,365
Ninety seconds to detonation.
2291
01:54:24,398 --> 01:54:26,500
Is it rubbed in?
2292
01:54:26,534 --> 01:54:27,901
Yeah.
2293
01:54:34,241 --> 01:54:37,344
Sixty seconds to detonation.
2294
01:54:52,025 --> 01:54:54,261
These things are hard
on your heart.
2295
01:54:54,294 --> 01:54:55,996
Thirty seconds.
2296
01:55:01,101 --> 01:55:02,503
Detonators charged.
2297
01:55:12,647 --> 01:55:16,116
Seventeen, sixteen,
2298
01:55:16,150 --> 01:55:17,317
fifteen,
2299
01:55:17,351 --> 01:55:18,520
fourteen,
2300
01:55:18,553 --> 01:55:20,354
thirteen,
2301
01:55:20,387 --> 01:55:22,557
twelve,
2302
01:55:22,590 --> 01:55:24,258
eleven,
2303
01:55:24,291 --> 01:55:26,260
ten,
2304
01:55:26,293 --> 01:55:28,696
nine,
2305
01:55:28,730 --> 01:55:30,698
eight,
2306
01:55:30,732 --> 01:55:33,300
seven,
2307
01:55:33,333 --> 01:55:35,703
six...
2308
01:55:35,737 --> 01:55:37,204
...five...
2309
01:55:39,206 --> 01:55:41,676
...four...
2310
01:55:41,709 --> 01:55:43,645
three...
2311
01:55:43,678 --> 01:55:45,212
two...
2312
01:55:46,514 --> 01:55:47,582
...one.
2313
01:56:09,102 --> 01:56:11,038
Poof.
2314
01:57:19,841 --> 01:57:23,210
"And now I am become Death.
2315
01:57:25,112 --> 01:57:27,281
The destroyer of worlds."
2316
01:58:00,280 --> 01:58:01,649
It worked.
2317
01:58:36,884 --> 01:58:38,886
-You owe me ten dollars!
-Oh!
2318
01:58:41,221 --> 01:58:42,356
-Come on!
-Hang on.
2319
01:58:42,389 --> 01:58:43,825
I'm good for it, Kisty.
2320
01:58:43,858 --> 01:58:46,159
You are.
2321
01:58:46,193 --> 01:58:48,896
Yes, you are!
2322
01:59:12,987 --> 01:59:14,522
Well done.
2323
01:59:16,223 --> 01:59:18,760
We did it! We did it!
2324
01:59:18,793 --> 01:59:20,695
Well done.
2325
01:59:25,499 --> 01:59:27,334
-Get me Potsdam right away.
-Yes, sir.
2326
01:59:38,813 --> 01:59:40,581
Get a message to Kitty.
2327
01:59:40,615 --> 01:59:41,314
We can't say anything.
2328
01:59:41,348 --> 01:59:43,283
Tell her to take in the sheets.
2329
01:59:51,291 --> 01:59:52,827
We did it, everyone!
2330
01:59:57,699 --> 01:59:59,499
Hello?
2331
01:59:59,534 --> 02:00:01,969
-Hi, Kitty?
-What, what? Charlotte...
2332
02:00:02,003 --> 02:00:03,370
Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead.
2333
02:00:03,403 --> 02:00:04,772
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
2334
02:00:04,806 --> 02:00:08,009
he just said to tell you
to "bring in the sheets."
2335
02:00:10,712 --> 02:00:12,279
Kitty?
2336
02:00:13,380 --> 02:00:15,817
Kitty?
Kitty, are you still there?
2337
02:00:22,724 --> 02:00:24,859
If they detonate it
too high in the air,
2338
02:00:24,892 --> 02:00:26,259
the blast won't be as powerful.
2339
02:00:26,293 --> 02:00:28,328
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
2340
02:00:28,361 --> 02:00:30,397
we'll take it from here.
2341
02:00:40,641 --> 02:00:43,544
Did Truman brief Stalin
at Potsdam?
2342
02:00:43,578 --> 02:00:46,313
A brief would be
an overstatement.
2343
02:00:46,346 --> 02:00:50,417
He referred
to a powerful new weapon.
2344
02:00:50,450 --> 02:00:55,523
Stalin hoped we'd use it
against Japan.
2345
02:00:56,758 --> 02:00:58,492
That's it?
2346
02:00:58,526 --> 02:01:01,763
Robert, we've given them an ace,
it's for them to play the hand.
2347
02:01:03,898 --> 02:01:06,000
You're aiming for the 6th?
2348
02:01:06,033 --> 02:01:08,335
It's up to the CO
in the Pacific.
2349
02:01:09,670 --> 02:01:11,739
Shall I come with you
to Washington?
2350
02:01:13,340 --> 02:01:14,575
What for?
2351
02:01:16,844 --> 02:01:18,445
Well, you'll keep me informed.
2352
02:01:19,781 --> 02:01:21,414
Of course.
2353
02:01:22,984 --> 02:01:24,585
As best I can.
2354
02:01:42,003 --> 02:01:44,872
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
2355
02:01:46,107 --> 02:01:47,708
I don't know.
2356
02:01:50,111 --> 02:01:52,113
Have you seen
Szilard's petition?
2357
02:01:52,146 --> 02:01:54,882
What the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
2358
02:01:54,916 --> 02:01:56,117
You're not signing it, are you?
2359
02:01:56,150 --> 02:01:59,554
Many people have.
A lot of people have.
2360
02:01:59,587 --> 02:02:00,721
Edward.
2361
02:02:01,989 --> 02:02:03,658
The fact that we built this bomb
2362
02:02:03,691 --> 02:02:06,694
does not give us any more...
any more right or responsibility
2363
02:02:06,727 --> 02:02:08,830
to decide how it's used
than anyone else.
2364
02:02:08,863 --> 02:02:10,865
But we're the only people
who know about it.
2365
02:02:10,898 --> 02:02:14,467
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
2366
02:02:14,501 --> 02:02:15,903
But what's your opinion?
2367
02:02:17,138 --> 02:02:18,673
Once it's used...
2368
02:02:19,774 --> 02:02:23,476
...nuclear war,
perhaps all war...
2369
02:02:25,079 --> 02:02:26,514
...becomes unthinkable.
2370
02:02:26,547 --> 02:02:29,550
Until somebody
builds a bigger bomb.
2371
02:02:50,137 --> 02:02:51,873
I thought they would call.
2372
02:02:51,906 --> 02:02:53,473
It's only the 5th.
2373
02:02:55,643 --> 02:02:57,645
In Japan, it's the 6th.
2374
02:03:10,791 --> 02:03:11,792
Charlotte.
2375
02:03:14,128 --> 02:03:15,830
Try Groves.
2376
02:03:16,831 --> 02:03:17,899
Anything?
2377
02:03:20,201 --> 02:03:21,569
Charlotte?
2378
02:03:21,602 --> 02:03:22,904
Truman's on the radio.
2379
02:03:23,838 --> 02:03:26,741
Sixteen hours ago,
2380
02:03:26,774 --> 02:03:32,680
an American airplane dropped
one bomb on Hiroshima...
2381
02:03:33,714 --> 02:03:36,851
...and destroyed its usefulness
to the enemy.
2382
02:03:38,819 --> 02:03:44,692
The bomb had more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
2383
02:03:46,160 --> 02:03:48,629
It is an atomic bomb.
2384
02:03:51,832 --> 02:03:53,200
It is a harnessing
2385
02:03:53,234 --> 02:03:56,003
of the basic powers
of the universe.
2386
02:03:58,039 --> 02:03:59,674
Groves on one.
2387
02:03:59,707 --> 02:04:02,743
We are now prepared
to destroy more rapidly
2388
02:04:02,777 --> 02:04:05,079
and completely the Japanese...
2389
02:04:05,112 --> 02:04:06,781
General?
2390
02:04:06,814 --> 02:04:09,850
I'm very proud of you
and all of your people.
2391
02:04:09,884 --> 02:04:11,218
It went all right?
2392
02:04:11,252 --> 02:04:14,221
Apparently, it went
with a tremendous bang.
2393
02:04:14,255 --> 02:04:15,890
Well,
2394
02:04:15,923 --> 02:04:18,859
everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
2395
02:04:20,294 --> 02:04:21,929
It's been a long road.
2396
02:04:21,963 --> 02:04:24,765
I think one of
the wisest things I ever did
2397
02:04:24,799 --> 02:04:27,835
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
2398
02:04:30,204 --> 02:04:32,540
We have spent
2399
02:04:32,573 --> 02:04:34,575
more than $2 billion
2400
02:04:34,608 --> 02:04:38,846
on the greatest
scientific gamble in history,
2401
02:04:38,879 --> 02:04:41,716
and we have won.
2402
02:04:45,252 --> 02:04:47,955
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2403
02:04:47,989 --> 02:04:49,991
Oppie! Oppie!
2404
02:04:50,024 --> 02:04:53,227
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2405
02:04:53,260 --> 02:04:55,096
Oppie! Oppie!
2406
02:04:55,129 --> 02:04:57,898
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2407
02:04:57,932 --> 02:05:01,268
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2408
02:05:01,302 --> 02:05:05,906
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2409
02:05:05,940 --> 02:05:07,274
Oppie! Oppie!
2410
02:05:07,308 --> 02:05:09,877
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2411
02:06:08,969 --> 02:06:10,071
The world...
2412
02:06:12,073 --> 02:06:13,207
...will remember this day.
2413
02:06:32,126 --> 02:06:33,861
It's too soon to...
2414
02:06:34,728 --> 02:06:36,397
It's too soon to determine
2415
02:06:36,430 --> 02:06:38,799
what the results
of the bombing are.
2416
02:06:41,735 --> 02:06:43,337
But I'll bet the Japanese
didn't like it.
2417
02:07:04,225 --> 02:07:05,759
I'm so proud.
2418
02:07:06,894 --> 02:07:09,029
So proud of what
you have accomplished.
2419
02:07:15,336 --> 02:07:19,173
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2420
02:09:09,016 --> 02:09:10,884
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2421
02:09:11,485 --> 02:09:13,787
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2422
02:09:13,821 --> 02:09:15,489
-Nice picture.
-Oh.
2423
02:09:15,523 --> 02:09:17,858
President Truman
will see you now.
2424
02:09:31,573 --> 02:09:34,408
Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor.
2425
02:09:34,441 --> 02:09:36,377
-Mr. President.
-Please.
2426
02:09:36,410 --> 02:09:38,212
Thank you.
2427
02:09:38,245 --> 02:09:39,780
Secretary Byrnes.
2428
02:09:40,981 --> 02:09:42,983
How's it feel to be
2429
02:09:43,017 --> 02:09:45,052
the most famous man
in the world?
2430
02:09:46,053 --> 02:09:49,123
You helped save a lot
of American lives.
2431
02:09:49,156 --> 02:09:51,526
What we did
at Hiroshima was a...
2432
02:09:51,559 --> 02:09:53,494
And Nagasaki.
2433
02:09:53,528 --> 02:09:55,530
Well, obviously.
2434
02:09:55,563 --> 02:09:59,500
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2435
02:09:59,534 --> 02:10:02,903
Well, it was hardly
my invention.
2436
02:10:02,936 --> 02:10:05,205
It was you on the cover of
Time.
2437
02:10:08,075 --> 02:10:09,611
Jim tells me you're concerned
2438
02:10:09,644 --> 02:10:11,412
about an arms race
with the Soviets.
2439
02:10:11,445 --> 02:10:13,814
Uh, yes, uh...
2440
02:10:14,516 --> 02:10:16,016
Well, um,
2441
02:10:16,050 --> 02:10:21,155
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure
2442
02:10:21,188 --> 02:10:24,058
international cooperation on
atomic energy,
2443
02:10:24,091 --> 02:10:27,127
and... and I'm concerned...
2444
02:10:27,161 --> 02:10:29,396
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2445
02:10:29,430 --> 02:10:31,365
I don't think I could give a...
2446
02:10:31,398 --> 02:10:32,801
Never.
2447
02:10:33,434 --> 02:10:35,069
Never.
2448
02:10:35,102 --> 02:10:38,272
Mr. President, the-the Russians
have good physicists
2449
02:10:38,305 --> 02:10:39,940
and-and...
and abundant resources.
2450
02:10:39,973 --> 02:10:42,076
-Abundant?
-Yes.
2451
02:10:42,109 --> 02:10:45,379
I don't think so.
2452
02:10:45,412 --> 02:10:48,949
Well, they'll-they'll put
everything they have and...
2453
02:10:52,219 --> 02:10:56,090
I hear you're leaving
Los Alamos.
2454
02:10:57,358 --> 02:10:58,459
What should we do with it?
2455
02:10:58,492 --> 02:11:00,994
Give it back to the Indians.
2456
02:11:08,402 --> 02:11:11,639
Um... Dr. Oppenheimer,
2457
02:11:11,673 --> 02:11:14,007
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2458
02:11:14,041 --> 02:11:17,444
we have to build up Los Alamos,
2459
02:11:17,478 --> 02:11:19,380
not shut it down.
2460
02:11:22,617 --> 02:11:24,418
Uh, Mr. President...
2461
02:11:25,486 --> 02:11:26,987
Um...
2462
02:11:29,657 --> 02:11:33,327
I feel that I have blood
on my hands.
2463
02:11:53,113 --> 02:11:58,419
You think anyone
in Hiroshima or Nagasaki
2464
02:11:58,452 --> 02:12:01,488
gives a shit who built the bomb?
2465
02:12:04,659 --> 02:12:07,027
They care who dropped it.
2466
02:12:07,729 --> 02:12:09,997
I did.
2467
02:12:11,231 --> 02:12:14,201
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2468
02:12:20,340 --> 02:12:22,476
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2469
02:12:33,420 --> 02:12:36,223
Don't let that crybaby
back in here.
2470
02:12:41,328 --> 02:12:44,364
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2471
02:12:44,398 --> 02:12:47,735
By the time I'd met him,
he'd fully embraced
2472
02:12:47,769 --> 02:12:50,337
his "father of the bomb"
reputation.
2473
02:12:50,370 --> 02:12:52,774
Used his profile
to influence policy.
2474
02:13:02,249 --> 02:13:03,618
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
2475
02:13:03,651 --> 02:13:05,787
would you say that
you exerted a great influence
2476
02:13:05,820 --> 02:13:07,622
on the atomic policies
of the USA?
2477
02:13:07,655 --> 02:13:10,357
I think great
would be an overstatement.
2478
02:13:10,390 --> 02:13:12,359
Really? If we look
at the issue of isotopes,
2479
02:13:12,392 --> 02:13:14,094
were you not
personally responsible
2480
02:13:14,127 --> 02:13:16,163
for destroying all opposition
to their export?
2481
02:13:16,196 --> 02:13:19,066
Could use a-a bottle of beer...
2482
02:13:19,099 --> 02:13:20,768
...when making atomic weapons.
In fact, you do.
2483
02:13:20,802 --> 02:13:23,270
I was the spokesman,
but the-the opinion
2484
02:13:23,303 --> 02:13:25,105
among scientists was unanimous.
2485
02:13:25,138 --> 02:13:26,808
All along with McCarthy
on the rise,
2486
02:13:26,841 --> 02:13:28,242
he knew he was vulnerable.
2487
02:13:28,275 --> 02:13:29,644
His brother was blacklisted
2488
02:13:29,677 --> 02:13:32,580
by every university
in the country.
2489
02:13:33,681 --> 02:13:36,518
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2490
02:13:39,119 --> 02:13:40,555
And Chevalier went into exile.
2491
02:13:43,691 --> 02:13:45,125
But none of that
2492
02:13:45,158 --> 02:13:47,127
stopped Robert
from pushing the GAC
2493
02:13:47,160 --> 02:13:50,030
to recommend arms control
instead of the H-bomb.
2494
02:13:51,833 --> 02:13:53,300
He was devastated
2495
02:13:53,333 --> 02:13:55,402
when Truman rejected
their recommendation.
2496
02:13:57,137 --> 02:13:59,674
I miss Richard
more than I can bear.
2497
02:13:59,707 --> 02:14:01,475
I know, Ruth, I know.
2498
02:14:01,509 --> 02:14:04,612
Part of me's glad he didn't live
to see where this is all going.
2499
02:14:07,381 --> 02:14:08,816
Here comes the birthday boy.
2500
02:14:08,850 --> 02:14:11,451
-To gloat.
-Have fun.
2501
02:14:12,452 --> 02:14:14,822
Robert, uh, my son and his
fiancée are desperate to meet
2502
02:14:14,856 --> 02:14:16,824
the father of the atomic bomb,
and so...
2503
02:14:16,858 --> 02:14:19,661
Well. Good day.
2504
02:14:25,733 --> 02:14:27,835
Is this a bad time?
2505
02:14:27,869 --> 02:14:29,369
What do you think, Lewis?
2506
02:14:29,403 --> 02:14:31,471
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
2507
02:14:31,505 --> 02:14:33,641
For the world.
2508
02:14:33,675 --> 02:14:35,309
The world?
2509
02:14:35,342 --> 02:14:39,313
What does Fuchs mean
to the rest of the world?
2510
02:14:39,346 --> 02:14:40,748
Fuchs?
2511
02:14:40,782 --> 02:14:42,382
Klaus Fuchs?
2512
02:14:43,818 --> 02:14:46,219
Oh, dear. You haven't heard.
2513
02:14:49,389 --> 02:14:51,258
Klaus Fuchs, the British
scientist that you put
2514
02:14:51,291 --> 02:14:54,328
onto the implosion team
at Los Alamos,
2515
02:14:54,361 --> 02:14:56,496
turns out he was...
2516
02:14:56,531 --> 02:14:59,801
he was spying for the Soviets
the whole time.
2517
02:14:59,834 --> 02:15:01,368
I'm sorry.
2518
02:15:06,541 --> 02:15:09,443
After the truth
about Fuchs came out,
2519
02:15:09,476 --> 02:15:11,579
the FBI stepped up
surveillance on him.
2520
02:15:11,613 --> 02:15:15,482
He knew his phone was tapped,
he was followed everywhere...
2521
02:15:16,851 --> 02:15:18,285
...his trash picked through.
2522
02:15:22,289 --> 02:15:23,758
But never stopped
speaking his mind.
2523
02:15:23,791 --> 02:15:26,460
A man of conviction.
2524
02:15:26,493 --> 02:15:29,329
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2525
02:15:30,832 --> 02:15:34,267
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2526
02:15:35,670 --> 02:15:36,704
He took it.
2527
02:15:36,738 --> 02:15:39,206
America and Russia
2528
02:15:39,239 --> 02:15:43,511
may be likened
to two scorpions in a bottle,
2529
02:15:43,544 --> 02:15:46,914
each capable
of killing the other
2530
02:15:46,948 --> 02:15:49,651
but only at the risk
of his own life.
2531
02:15:49,684 --> 02:15:52,452
Now, there are various aspects
of this policy...
2532
02:15:52,486 --> 02:15:54,488
Lot of scientists blame me,
2533
02:15:54,522 --> 02:15:57,659
but how was I supposed
to protect him?
2534
02:15:57,692 --> 02:15:59,661
...too secret for discussion,
2535
02:15:59,694 --> 02:16:01,696
candor is the only remedy.
2536
02:16:01,729 --> 02:16:03,263
Officials in Washington
2537
02:16:03,296 --> 02:16:04,799
need to start leveling
with the American people.
2538
02:16:06,500 --> 02:16:09,336
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2539
02:16:09,369 --> 02:16:11,405
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
2540
02:16:11,438 --> 02:16:14,207
And with it, his credibility.
2541
02:16:14,241 --> 02:16:16,644
But how could they do it?
2542
02:16:16,678 --> 02:16:17,945
He was a war hero.
2543
02:16:17,979 --> 02:16:19,681
He'd already told everyone
about his past.
2544
02:16:19,714 --> 02:16:21,683
Borden dredged it all up.
2545
02:16:21,716 --> 02:16:24,952
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2546
02:16:24,986 --> 02:16:26,554
Could it have been Nichols?
2547
02:16:26,587 --> 02:16:28,890
No, I can't imagine
he'd do that.
2548
02:16:28,923 --> 02:16:30,958
But whoever did
unleashed a firestorm
2549
02:16:30,992 --> 02:16:32,994
that burned a path
from the White House
2550
02:16:33,027 --> 02:16:35,697
back to my desk at the AEC.
2551
02:16:35,730 --> 02:16:37,565
You see them in there, right?
2552
02:16:37,598 --> 02:16:41,468
I've been working
my whole life to get here.
2553
02:16:41,501 --> 02:16:43,538
Cabinet of
the United States of America.
2554
02:16:43,571 --> 02:16:45,505
Now, in front
of the entire country,
2555
02:16:45,540 --> 02:16:47,608
they're gonna put me
back in my place.
2556
02:16:49,043 --> 02:16:51,713
A lowly shoe salesman.
2557
02:16:51,746 --> 02:16:53,581
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2558
02:16:53,614 --> 02:16:55,683
I-I think we can
get the Senate to grasp
2559
02:16:55,717 --> 02:16:58,519
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2560
02:16:58,553 --> 02:17:00,320
Now, will Hill's testimony
back us up?
2561
02:17:00,353 --> 02:17:02,322
-Hill will be fine.
-I don't really know him,
2562
02:17:02,355 --> 02:17:04,525
but, uh, he was one
of Szilard's boys in Chicago,
2563
02:17:04,559 --> 02:17:06,594
and they never forgave Robert
for not supporting
2564
02:17:06,627 --> 02:17:09,030
their petition
against bombing Japan.
2565
02:17:09,063 --> 02:17:14,267
This was taken 31 days
after the bombing.
2566
02:17:14,301 --> 02:17:17,038
Virtually everyone
in the street,
2567
02:17:17,071 --> 02:17:19,306
for nearly a mile around,
2568
02:17:19,339 --> 02:17:22,543
was instantly
and seriously burned.
2569
02:17:23,778 --> 02:17:28,315
The, uh, Japanese spoke of
people who wore striped clothing
2570
02:17:28,348 --> 02:17:31,318
upon whom the skin
was burned in stripes.
2571
02:17:32,385 --> 02:17:34,756
There were many
who thought themselves lucky,
2572
02:17:34,789 --> 02:17:37,491
who climbed out of the ruins
of their homes
2573
02:17:37,525 --> 02:17:39,392
only slightly injured.
2574
02:17:40,528 --> 02:17:42,295
But they died anyway.
2575
02:17:42,964 --> 02:17:46,067
They died days or weeks later
2576
02:17:46,100 --> 02:17:49,436
from the radium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2577
02:17:49,469 --> 02:17:51,371
at the moment of the explosion.
2578
02:17:52,573 --> 02:17:54,642
Did you read this crap
in the papers?
2579
02:17:54,675 --> 02:17:57,477
A British physicist is saying
the atomic bombings
2580
02:17:57,512 --> 02:17:59,680
were not the last act
of World War II
2581
02:17:59,714 --> 02:18:02,850
but the first act
of this cold war with Russia.
2582
02:18:02,884 --> 02:18:04,351
Which physicist?
2583
02:18:04,384 --> 02:18:05,787
I think you knew him.
2584
02:18:05,820 --> 02:18:07,420
Patrick Blackett.
2585
02:18:09,891 --> 02:18:11,458
He may not be wrong.
2586
02:18:11,491 --> 02:18:12,827
Stimson is now telling me
2587
02:18:12,860 --> 02:18:16,097
we bombed an enemy
that was essentially defeated.
2588
02:18:16,130 --> 02:18:19,667
Robert,
you've all the influence now.
2589
02:18:19,700 --> 02:18:21,401
Please.
2590
02:18:21,434 --> 02:18:23,538
Urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
2591
02:18:23,571 --> 02:18:24,939
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2592
02:18:24,972 --> 02:18:27,074
Why not?
2593
02:18:27,108 --> 02:18:28,810
It's not the right use
of our resources.
2594
02:18:28,843 --> 02:18:30,945
Is that what you really believe?
2595
02:18:30,978 --> 02:18:33,346
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2596
02:18:33,380 --> 02:18:35,783
Sphinx-like guru of the atom.
2597
02:18:37,084 --> 02:18:38,853
Nobody knows what you believe.
2598
02:18:39,954 --> 02:18:41,823
Do you? Hmm?
2599
02:18:41,856 --> 02:18:44,559
One final time,
our program director,
2600
02:18:44,592 --> 02:18:46,561
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2601
02:18:47,762 --> 02:18:49,530
I hope that in years to come
2602
02:18:49,564 --> 02:18:53,568
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
2603
02:18:53,601 --> 02:18:55,970
But today, that pride
must be tempered
2604
02:18:56,003 --> 02:18:58,338
with a profound concern.
2605
02:18:59,607 --> 02:19:01,408
If atomic weapons
are to be added
2606
02:19:01,441 --> 02:19:03,845
to the arsenals
of a warring world,
2607
02:19:03,878 --> 02:19:07,447
then the day will come
when people will curse
2608
02:19:07,480 --> 02:19:08,883
the name of Los Alamos.
2609
02:19:12,887 --> 02:19:14,989
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2610
02:19:15,022 --> 02:19:17,024
Stopped off to get this.
2611
02:19:17,058 --> 02:19:19,861
It seems pretty favorable.
2612
02:19:19,894 --> 02:19:20,995
There's Oppenheimer.
2613
02:19:21,028 --> 02:19:22,597
What's the caption?
2614
02:19:22,630 --> 02:19:25,465
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer,
Strauss fought..."
2615
02:19:27,034 --> 02:19:28,603
"...and the US won."
2616
02:19:29,436 --> 02:19:30,705
That'll work.
2617
02:19:30,738 --> 02:19:32,974
Those were your words
from the other day.
2618
02:19:33,007 --> 02:19:34,407
We needed to pivot.
2619
02:19:34,441 --> 02:19:35,710
But how would you know
2620
02:19:35,743 --> 02:19:37,545
what
Time magazine's
gonna write?
2621
02:19:37,578 --> 02:19:39,814
Henry Luce is a friend.
2622
02:19:45,953 --> 02:19:49,456
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2623
02:19:49,489 --> 02:19:52,159
but you've been
far ahead all along.
2624
02:19:52,193 --> 02:19:55,162
Survival in Washington
2625
02:19:55,196 --> 02:19:57,531
is about knowing
how to get things done.
2626
02:19:58,165 --> 02:19:59,567
Right.
2627
02:20:01,168 --> 02:20:02,904
What was it you said
about Borden?
2628
02:20:02,937 --> 02:20:05,940
"Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?"
2629
02:20:07,775 --> 02:20:10,778
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2630
02:20:12,847 --> 02:20:15,082
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2631
02:20:15,116 --> 02:20:17,184
Borden's been able
to exert on Teller.
2632
02:20:17,218 --> 02:20:19,654
Did I say something funny?
2633
02:20:19,687 --> 02:20:21,055
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden"
2634
02:20:21,088 --> 02:20:24,859
when we all know
that it's Strauss.
2635
02:20:24,892 --> 02:20:26,861
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
2636
02:20:26,894 --> 02:20:29,597
And then you humiliated him
in front of Congress.
2637
02:20:29,630 --> 02:20:32,465
But more useful than a sandwich.
2638
02:20:35,636 --> 02:20:36,804
-How'd I do?
-I'll call recess,
2639
02:20:36,837 --> 02:20:37,939
ten minutes.
2640
02:20:37,972 --> 02:20:40,207
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2641
02:20:40,241 --> 02:20:41,474
That was six years ago.
2642
02:20:41,509 --> 02:20:43,210
You know, the truly vindictive,
2643
02:20:43,244 --> 02:20:44,845
patient as saints.
2644
02:20:44,879 --> 02:20:47,682
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2645
02:20:47,715 --> 02:20:51,218
Wake up. It is Strauss.
2646
02:20:51,252 --> 02:20:54,188
It's always been Strauss,
and you know it.
2647
02:20:54,221 --> 02:20:55,856
Why won't you fight him?
2648
02:20:56,891 --> 02:20:58,092
Christ's sake.
2649
02:20:59,193 --> 02:21:01,862
It wasn't Nichols or Hoover
2650
02:21:01,896 --> 02:21:03,564
or one of Truman's guys.
It was you.
2651
02:21:03,597 --> 02:21:05,566
You gave the file to Borden.
2652
02:21:05,599 --> 02:21:07,234
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2653
02:21:07,268 --> 02:21:09,704
-You convinced him to...
-Borden...
2654
02:21:09,737 --> 02:21:11,639
didn't take any convincing.
2655
02:21:11,672 --> 02:21:13,774
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2656
02:21:13,808 --> 02:21:16,711
Write up your conclusion,
send them to the FBI.
2657
02:21:16,744 --> 02:21:18,980
The material
is obviously extensive,
2658
02:21:19,013 --> 02:21:21,682
but there's nothing new here.
2659
02:21:21,716 --> 02:21:23,250
Your conclusions will be.
2660
02:21:23,284 --> 02:21:25,586
And they'll have to be answered.
2661
02:21:25,619 --> 02:21:27,088
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2662
02:21:27,121 --> 02:21:30,725
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2663
02:21:30,758 --> 02:21:33,627
I've talked it over with Hoover,
he'll hold McCarthy at bay
2664
02:21:33,661 --> 02:21:35,262
while you do this with the AEC.
2665
02:21:35,296 --> 02:21:37,131
-A trial.
-No.
2666
02:21:37,164 --> 02:21:40,935
No trial. You can't
give Oppenheimer a platform.
2667
02:21:40,968 --> 02:21:42,737
You can't martyr him.
2668
02:21:42,770 --> 02:21:45,940
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility
2669
02:21:45,973 --> 02:21:49,543
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2670
02:21:49,577 --> 02:21:51,645
Then what?
2671
02:21:52,847 --> 02:21:56,217
A shabby little room,
far from the limelight.
2672
02:22:02,656 --> 02:22:03,924
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
2673
02:22:03,958 --> 02:22:06,594
His Q clearance
is up for renewal.
2674
02:22:06,627 --> 02:22:09,597
You send your accusations
to the FBI.
2675
02:22:11,232 --> 02:22:14,835
Hoover sends them to the AEC,
you're forced to act.
2676
02:22:15,669 --> 02:22:16,971
You write up an indictment
2677
02:22:17,004 --> 02:22:18,639
and tell Oppenheimer
2678
02:22:18,672 --> 02:22:21,342
his security clearance
is not being renewed.
2679
02:22:21,375 --> 02:22:22,910
But offer him
the chance to appeal.
2680
02:22:22,943 --> 02:22:25,279
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2681
02:22:25,312 --> 02:22:26,814
May I keep this?
2682
02:22:26,847 --> 02:22:27,782
No.
2683
02:22:27,815 --> 02:22:30,051
If you do decide to appeal,
2684
02:22:30,084 --> 02:22:31,619
they'll have to send you a copy.
2685
02:22:31,652 --> 02:22:34,889
When he appeals--
and trust me, he will--
2686
02:22:34,922 --> 02:22:37,324
I appoint a board.
2687
02:22:37,358 --> 02:22:39,827
They will, of course,
have counsel.
2688
02:22:39,860 --> 02:22:41,796
-Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
2689
02:22:41,829 --> 02:22:43,998
-Who?
-Roger Robb.
2690
02:22:44,031 --> 02:22:45,199
Ouch.
2691
02:22:45,232 --> 02:22:46,700
Robb will have
security clearance
2692
02:22:46,734 --> 02:22:48,269
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2693
02:22:48,302 --> 02:22:49,737
As will the Gray board.
2694
02:22:49,770 --> 02:22:51,138
Defense counsel will not.
2695
02:22:52,973 --> 02:22:54,375
A closed hearing.
2696
02:22:54,408 --> 02:22:55,643
The so-called
derogatory information
2697
02:22:55,676 --> 02:22:57,845
in your indictment of me.
2698
02:22:57,878 --> 02:23:00,347
No audience. No reporters.
2699
02:23:00,381 --> 02:23:03,851
-No burden of proof.
-No burden of proof?
2700
02:23:05,219 --> 02:23:06,720
We're not convicting.
2701
02:23:07,421 --> 02:23:10,024
We're just denying.
2702
02:23:14,995 --> 02:23:17,765
What is it you said?
2703
02:23:17,798 --> 02:23:21,135
"This is just how
the game is played."
2704
02:23:21,168 --> 02:23:24,138
Well, forgive my naivete.
2705
02:23:24,171 --> 02:23:26,140
Amateurs seek the sun.
2706
02:23:27,108 --> 02:23:28,175
Get eaten.
2707
02:23:29,243 --> 02:23:32,079
Power stays in the shadows.
2708
02:23:32,113 --> 02:23:35,816
But, sir, you're...
you're out of the shadows now.
2709
02:23:35,850 --> 02:23:37,284
Yeah, that's why
this has to work.
2710
02:23:37,318 --> 02:23:38,786
Well...
2711
02:23:40,087 --> 02:23:42,223
Teller's testifying
this morning.
2712
02:23:42,256 --> 02:23:44,658
That'll help. And then...
2713
02:23:44,692 --> 02:23:46,127
Hill is in the afternoon.
2714
02:23:46,160 --> 02:23:48,629
Hill is gonna help us too.
2715
02:23:50,865 --> 02:23:54,034
As you can see,
Robert, it's not yet signed.
2716
02:23:54,068 --> 02:23:55,102
May I keep this?
2717
02:23:55,136 --> 02:23:56,170
No.
2718
02:23:58,272 --> 02:24:00,274
If you do decide to appeal,
2719
02:24:00,307 --> 02:24:03,144
then they'll have
to send you a copy.
2720
02:24:06,714 --> 02:24:09,016
Take my car and driver.
I insist.
2721
02:24:13,754 --> 02:24:15,689
I'll have to consult
my lawyers, Lewis.
2722
02:24:15,723 --> 02:24:18,425
Of course.
But don't take too long.
2723
02:24:18,459 --> 02:24:20,661
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2724
02:24:26,800 --> 02:24:29,103
I'm sorry
it's come to this, Robert.
2725
02:24:29,136 --> 02:24:30,171
I think it's wrong.
2726
02:24:43,484 --> 02:24:44,919
Nichols wants me to fight
2727
02:24:44,952 --> 02:24:46,954
so he can get it
all on the record.
2728
02:24:46,987 --> 02:24:48,856
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2729
02:24:48,889 --> 02:24:51,725
Strauss knows
that you can't do that,
2730
02:24:51,759 --> 02:24:54,195
you'd be accepting the charges.
2731
02:24:54,228 --> 02:24:55,896
You'll lose your job.
2732
02:24:55,930 --> 02:24:58,199
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2733
02:24:58,232 --> 02:25:00,935
Robert, we have to fight.
2734
02:25:03,504 --> 02:25:05,806
As AEC Counsel,
I can't represent you.
2735
02:25:05,839 --> 02:25:07,374
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2736
02:25:07,408 --> 02:25:08,943
Oh, he's good.
2737
02:25:08,976 --> 02:25:12,713
The best,
but I have to warn you...
2738
02:25:13,380 --> 02:25:15,816
...this won't be a fair fight.
2739
02:25:15,849 --> 02:25:17,851
During your interview
2740
02:25:17,885 --> 02:25:20,354
with Boris Pash in 1943,
did you refer to microfilm?
2741
02:25:20,387 --> 02:25:21,889
-No.
-Tab 11,
2742
02:25:21,922 --> 02:25:23,357
page one, paragraph three.
You never said,
2743
02:25:23,390 --> 02:25:27,027
"Man at the consulate expert
in the use of microfilm"?
2744
02:25:27,061 --> 02:25:28,395
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
-No.
2745
02:25:28,429 --> 02:25:29,363
I would like to know
what document
2746
02:25:29,396 --> 02:25:30,831
Mr. Robb is quoting from
2747
02:25:30,864 --> 02:25:32,132
and if we might be
furnished with a copy.
2748
02:25:32,166 --> 02:25:34,235
The document is classified,
Mr. Garrison.
2749
02:25:34,268 --> 02:25:36,103
I think we should get back
to first-hand information.
2750
02:25:36,136 --> 02:25:37,504
This is first-hand.
2751
02:25:37,539 --> 02:25:39,807
How so, Roger?
2752
02:25:41,175 --> 02:25:43,010
There was a recording
of the interview.
2753
02:25:46,981 --> 02:25:48,882
You let my client sit here
2754
02:25:48,916 --> 02:25:50,417
and potentially perjure himself,
2755
02:25:50,451 --> 02:25:52,987
and all this time,
you had a recording?
2756
02:25:53,020 --> 02:25:54,388
Nobody told your client
2757
02:25:54,421 --> 02:25:55,823
to misrepresent
his former answers.
2758
02:25:55,856 --> 02:25:57,925
Misrepre...
It-it was 12 years ago.
2759
02:25:57,958 --> 02:25:59,260
Can we hear this recording?
2760
02:25:59,293 --> 02:26:00,861
You don't have the clearance,
Mr. Garrison.
2761
02:26:00,894 --> 02:26:02,530
But you're reading it
into the record.
2762
02:26:02,564 --> 02:26:04,198
Please, please.
2763
02:26:04,231 --> 02:26:07,835
Is this proceeding interested
in entrapment or in truth?
2764
02:26:07,868 --> 02:26:10,304
If it's truth,
where's the disclosure?
2765
02:26:10,337 --> 02:26:11,972
Where's the witness list?
2766
02:26:12,006 --> 02:26:14,542
Mr. Garrison, this isn't
a trial, as you are well aware.
2767
02:26:14,576 --> 02:26:16,443
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
2768
02:26:16,477 --> 02:26:18,345
We are dealing
with national security.
2769
02:26:18,379 --> 02:26:19,880
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2770
02:26:19,913 --> 02:26:22,283
I fail to see how
national security
2771
02:26:22,316 --> 02:26:24,018
prevents the prosecution
from providing us
2772
02:26:24,051 --> 02:26:26,053
-with a list of witnesses.
-Perhaps we are in need
2773
02:26:26,086 --> 02:26:27,388
-of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen,
2774
02:26:27,421 --> 02:26:29,156
you have my words.
2775
02:26:29,189 --> 02:26:31,325
If you say they're from a
transcript, then I'll accept it.
2776
02:26:31,358 --> 02:26:34,128
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2777
02:26:34,161 --> 02:26:37,498
But why would anyone
make up such an elaborate story?
2778
02:26:37,532 --> 02:26:39,601
Because I was an idiot.
2779
02:26:39,634 --> 02:26:41,235
Why lie?
2780
02:26:41,268 --> 02:26:43,871
Well, clearly with
the intention of not revealing
2781
02:26:43,904 --> 02:26:45,973
who the intermediary was.
2782
02:26:46,006 --> 02:26:48,042
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the Communist.
2783
02:26:48,075 --> 02:26:50,344
Is he still your friend?
2784
02:26:50,377 --> 02:26:51,812
Yes.
2785
02:26:53,914 --> 02:26:56,850
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2786
02:26:56,884 --> 02:26:58,586
Do you know who else
the prosecution has called?
2787
02:26:58,620 --> 02:27:00,954
Teller, obviously.
2788
02:27:01,922 --> 02:27:03,190
They've asked Lawrence.
2789
02:27:03,223 --> 02:27:04,058
What did he say?
2790
02:27:04,091 --> 02:27:06,994
He wasn't going
to help them, but...
2791
02:27:07,027 --> 02:27:07,961
But?
2792
02:27:07,995 --> 02:27:09,997
Strauss told him that
you and Ruth Tolman
2793
02:27:10,030 --> 02:27:12,466
have been having
an affair for years.
2794
02:27:12,499 --> 02:27:13,601
The whole time you lived
2795
02:27:13,635 --> 02:27:15,269
with them in Pasadena.
2796
02:27:15,302 --> 02:27:16,970
He convinced Lawrence
2797
02:27:17,004 --> 02:27:18,573
that Richard died
of a broken heart.
2798
02:27:18,606 --> 02:27:19,907
That's absurd.
2799
02:27:19,940 --> 02:27:22,476
-What part?
-The broken heart.
2800
02:27:22,510 --> 02:27:24,546
Richard never found out.
2801
02:27:24,579 --> 02:27:26,347
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2802
02:27:26,380 --> 02:27:27,881
I don't know.
2803
02:27:28,415 --> 02:27:30,050
Dr. Rabi,
2804
02:27:30,084 --> 02:27:33,153
what governmental positions
do you currently hold?
2805
02:27:33,187 --> 02:27:36,090
I am the chairman of the
General Advisory Committee
2806
02:27:36,123 --> 02:27:39,026
to the AEC,
succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer.
2807
02:27:39,059 --> 02:27:41,895
And how long have
you known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2808
02:27:41,929 --> 02:27:43,531
Since 1928.
2809
02:27:43,565 --> 02:27:45,633
I... I know him quite well.
2810
02:27:45,667 --> 02:27:47,635
Well enough
to speak to the bearing
2811
02:27:47,669 --> 02:27:50,237
of his loyalty and character?
2812
02:27:50,270 --> 02:27:54,274
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2813
02:27:54,308 --> 02:27:56,977
And he is loyal
to the United States,
2814
02:27:57,010 --> 02:27:58,245
to his friends,
2815
02:27:58,278 --> 02:28:00,948
to the institutions
of which he is part.
2816
02:28:02,416 --> 02:28:03,450
Eat.
2817
02:28:22,436 --> 02:28:24,138
What was that?
2818
02:28:24,171 --> 02:28:26,206
Nothing to worry about.
2819
02:28:28,442 --> 02:28:30,177
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2820
02:28:30,210 --> 02:28:32,680
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2821
02:28:32,714 --> 02:28:34,516
You'd be better off asking him.
2822
02:28:34,549 --> 02:28:36,083
Well, I fully intend to.
2823
02:28:36,116 --> 02:28:38,686
Would you say
that Dr. Oppenheimer was
2824
02:28:38,720 --> 02:28:40,722
unalterably opposed
to the H-bomb?
2825
02:28:40,755 --> 02:28:43,558
No, he-he thought that
a fusion program
2826
02:28:43,591 --> 02:28:46,694
would come at the expense of our
awfully good fission program.
2827
02:28:46,728 --> 02:28:48,563
But that proved
not to be the case.
2828
02:28:48,596 --> 02:28:51,231
In the event both could be done.
2829
02:28:51,265 --> 02:28:53,568
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2830
02:28:53,601 --> 02:28:54,736
that in his testimony here,
2831
02:28:54,769 --> 02:28:57,037
Dr. Oppenheimer had been
wholly truthful.
2832
02:28:57,070 --> 02:29:00,274
What would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2833
02:29:00,307 --> 02:29:02,209
Why go through
all this against a man
2834
02:29:02,242 --> 02:29:04,445
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2835
02:29:04,478 --> 02:29:06,113
Look at his record.
2836
02:29:06,146 --> 02:29:08,215
We have an A-bomb
and a whole series of it.
2837
02:29:08,248 --> 02:29:10,184
We have a whole series
of Super bombs.
2838
02:29:10,217 --> 02:29:12,186
What more do you want?
2839
02:29:12,219 --> 02:29:13,086
Mermaids?
2840
02:29:13,120 --> 02:29:15,422
But I've known Secretary Strauss
2841
02:29:15,456 --> 02:29:17,057
for many years,
2842
02:29:17,090 --> 02:29:20,360
and I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2843
02:29:20,394 --> 02:29:23,063
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2844
02:29:23,096 --> 02:29:24,331
We'll break now,
2845
02:29:24,364 --> 02:29:26,166
unless there's
any immediate business.
2846
02:29:26,200 --> 02:29:28,736
Senator, I'd like
to once again request
2847
02:29:28,770 --> 02:29:31,438
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2848
02:29:31,472 --> 02:29:34,241
And I will remind the nominee
that we don't always
2849
02:29:34,274 --> 02:29:36,276
have that information
in advance.
2850
02:29:36,310 --> 02:29:39,747
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2851
02:29:39,781 --> 02:29:41,415
Mr. Chairman,
our next scheduled witness,
2852
02:29:41,448 --> 02:29:45,986
Dr. Lawrence, has apparently
come down with colitis.
2853
02:29:47,454 --> 02:29:50,357
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2854
02:29:51,626 --> 02:29:53,026
Mr. Borden, welcome.
2855
02:29:53,060 --> 02:29:54,529
Please take a seat.
2856
02:29:55,697 --> 02:29:58,098
Mr. Borden,
2857
02:29:58,131 --> 02:30:00,702
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2858
02:30:00,735 --> 02:30:02,369
did you reach
certain conclusions?
2859
02:30:02,402 --> 02:30:04,706
-I did.
-And did there come a time
2860
02:30:04,739 --> 02:30:06,206
when you expressed
those conclusions
2861
02:30:06,240 --> 02:30:08,242
in a letter
to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
2862
02:30:08,275 --> 02:30:10,210
of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation?
2863
02:30:10,244 --> 02:30:11,646
-That is correct.
-Prior to the writing
2864
02:30:11,679 --> 02:30:13,447
of the letter, did you discuss
the writing of the letter
2865
02:30:13,480 --> 02:30:15,783
with anybody attached to
the Atomic Energy Commission?
2866
02:30:15,817 --> 02:30:17,417
I did not.
2867
02:30:17,451 --> 02:30:18,786
Thanks, and do you have
a copy of the letter?
2868
02:30:18,820 --> 02:30:20,420
I have one in front of me.
2869
02:30:20,454 --> 02:30:22,557
Would you please be so kind
as to read it, sir?
2870
02:30:22,590 --> 02:30:24,124
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2871
02:30:24,157 --> 02:30:25,593
the purpose of this letter
is to state..."
2872
02:30:25,627 --> 02:30:27,662
Uh, I'm sorry,
I'm sorry, if I could have a...
2873
02:30:27,695 --> 02:30:30,063
What is the purpose
of the delay?
2874
02:30:30,097 --> 02:30:31,566
He's simply gonna
read the letter.
2875
02:30:31,599 --> 02:30:33,133
Mr. Chairman,
2876
02:30:33,166 --> 02:30:35,168
this is the first
I've seen of this letter,
2877
02:30:35,202 --> 02:30:36,470
and I see statements here, uh,
2878
02:30:36,503 --> 02:30:38,472
at least one,
of a kind that I don't think
2879
02:30:38,505 --> 02:30:40,474
anyone would like to see
go into the record.
2880
02:30:40,507 --> 02:30:43,277
These are accusations that have
not previously been made.
2881
02:30:43,310 --> 02:30:45,245
That are not part of
the indictment from Nichols.
2882
02:30:45,279 --> 02:30:47,414
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2883
02:30:47,447 --> 02:30:49,617
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2884
02:30:49,651 --> 02:30:52,219
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2885
02:30:52,252 --> 02:30:53,855
His conclusions
are valid testimony,
2886
02:30:53,888 --> 02:30:55,790
just like the...
the positive conclusions
2887
02:30:55,823 --> 02:30:57,157
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2888
02:30:57,190 --> 02:30:58,693
It cuts both ways.
2889
02:30:58,726 --> 02:31:01,161
How long has Counsel been
in possession of this letter?
2890
02:31:01,194 --> 02:31:02,564
I don't think
I should be subject
2891
02:31:02,597 --> 02:31:05,165
to cross-examination by you,
Mr. Garrison.
2892
02:31:05,198 --> 02:31:06,834
Mr. Garrison,
given that we on the board
2893
02:31:06,868 --> 02:31:08,368
have all read the letter,
2894
02:31:08,402 --> 02:31:10,738
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2895
02:31:10,772 --> 02:31:12,239
Let's proceed.
2896
02:31:14,241 --> 02:31:15,710
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2897
02:31:15,743 --> 02:31:19,179
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion
2898
02:31:19,212 --> 02:31:20,515
"based upon years of study
2899
02:31:20,548 --> 02:31:23,317
"of the available
classified evidence,
2900
02:31:23,350 --> 02:31:25,385
"that more probably than not,
2901
02:31:25,419 --> 02:31:30,290
"J. Robert Oppenheimer is
an agent of the Soviet Union.
2902
02:31:30,324 --> 02:31:32,660
"The following conclusions
are justified.
2903
02:31:32,694 --> 02:31:37,532
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2904
02:31:37,565 --> 02:31:38,866
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
2905
02:31:38,900 --> 02:31:41,201
"was a sufficiently
hardened Communist,
2906
02:31:41,234 --> 02:31:43,337
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2907
02:31:43,370 --> 02:31:45,707
"Two, more probably than not,
2908
02:31:45,740 --> 02:31:50,310
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2909
02:31:50,344 --> 02:31:53,180
"Three, more probably than not,
2910
02:31:53,213 --> 02:31:55,449
"he has since acted
under a Soviet directive
2911
02:31:55,482 --> 02:31:58,218
in influencing United States
military policy..."
2912
02:31:58,251 --> 02:31:59,486
I'm sorry, Robert.
2913
02:31:59,520 --> 02:32:00,855
"...atomic energy, intelligence
2914
02:32:00,888 --> 02:32:02,255
-and diplomatic policy."
-Is anyone
2915
02:32:02,289 --> 02:32:03,925
ever going to tell the truth
2916
02:32:03,958 --> 02:32:05,727
about what's happening here?
2917
02:32:05,760 --> 02:32:09,296
We will now
hear from Dr. David Hill.
2918
02:32:18,539 --> 02:32:19,874
Dr. Hill,
2919
02:32:19,907 --> 02:32:22,543
would you care
to make a statement?
2920
02:32:23,678 --> 02:32:25,245
Thank you.
2921
02:32:25,278 --> 02:32:28,950
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss.
2922
02:32:28,983 --> 02:32:31,385
A man who has
given years of service
2923
02:32:31,418 --> 02:32:34,388
in high positions of government
2924
02:32:34,421 --> 02:32:39,359
and who is known to be earnest,
hardworking and intelligent.
2925
02:32:40,360 --> 02:32:41,863
The views I have to express
are my own,
2926
02:32:41,896 --> 02:32:45,600
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate
2927
02:32:45,633 --> 02:32:49,336
why most of the scientists
in this country
2928
02:32:49,369 --> 02:32:52,372
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2929
02:32:52,406 --> 02:32:54,241
completely out of government.
2930
02:32:56,276 --> 02:32:58,780
You're... You're referring
to the hostility
2931
02:32:58,813 --> 02:33:00,280
of certain scientists
2932
02:33:00,313 --> 02:33:01,949
directed toward Mr. Strauss
2933
02:33:01,983 --> 02:33:04,217
because of his commitment
to security
2934
02:33:04,251 --> 02:33:07,254
as demonstrated
in the Oppenheimer affair?
2935
02:33:09,724 --> 02:33:10,992
No.
2936
02:33:11,025 --> 02:33:13,427
Because of the personal
vindictiveness
2937
02:33:13,460 --> 02:33:15,697
he demonstrated against
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2938
02:33:17,364 --> 02:33:19,499
Order.
2939
02:33:19,534 --> 02:33:20,568
Order!
2940
02:33:20,601 --> 02:33:25,873
It appears to most
scientists around this country
2941
02:33:25,907 --> 02:33:27,441
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being
2942
02:33:27,474 --> 02:33:29,711
pilloried and put through
an ordeal
2943
02:33:29,744 --> 02:33:32,847
because he expressed
his honest opinions.
2944
02:33:33,848 --> 02:33:35,917
Dr. Bush, I thought
I was performing a service
2945
02:33:35,950 --> 02:33:37,685
to my country
when hearing this case.
2946
02:33:37,719 --> 02:33:41,856
No board in this country
should sit in judgment of a man
2947
02:33:41,889 --> 02:33:44,525
because he expressed
strong opinions.
2948
02:33:44,559 --> 02:33:47,628
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
2949
02:33:47,662 --> 02:33:51,666
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I become stirred,
2950
02:33:51,699 --> 02:33:52,900
but I am.
2951
02:33:52,934 --> 02:33:54,902
Dr. Hill, we've already heard
2952
02:33:54,936 --> 02:33:57,370
that Mr. Strauss
did not bring the charges
2953
02:33:57,404 --> 02:34:00,474
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2954
02:34:00,507 --> 02:34:03,010
The Oppenheimer matter was
2955
02:34:03,044 --> 02:34:05,412
initiated and carried through
2956
02:34:05,445 --> 02:34:07,815
largely through the animus
of Lewis Strauss.
2957
02:34:09,416 --> 02:34:12,053
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2958
02:34:12,086 --> 02:34:13,688
on the shipment
of isotopes to Norway,
2959
02:34:13,721 --> 02:34:17,725
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2960
02:34:17,759 --> 02:34:20,360
Another controversy between them
centered around
2961
02:34:20,393 --> 02:34:23,363
their differences in judgment
on how the H-bomb
2962
02:34:23,396 --> 02:34:25,465
would contribute
to national security.
2963
02:34:25,499 --> 02:34:27,467
Strauss turned to
the personnel security system
2964
02:34:27,501 --> 02:34:31,739
in order to destroy
Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2965
02:34:31,773 --> 02:34:34,307
and Strauss was able to find
a few ambitious men
2966
02:34:34,341 --> 02:34:37,377
who also disagreed
with Oppenheimer's positions
2967
02:34:37,410 --> 02:34:40,447
and envied him his prestige
in government circles.
2968
02:34:40,480 --> 02:34:43,084
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
2969
02:34:43,117 --> 02:34:45,352
that he's loyal
to the United States.
2970
02:34:45,385 --> 02:34:46,788
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
2971
02:34:46,821 --> 02:34:49,389
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2972
02:34:49,422 --> 02:34:51,391
Do you or do you not believe
2973
02:34:51,424 --> 02:34:53,728
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
2974
02:34:57,464 --> 02:34:58,733
In a great number of cases,
2975
02:34:58,766 --> 02:35:00,735
I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer
act in a way
2976
02:35:00,768 --> 02:35:04,639
which was to me
exceedingly hard to understand.
2977
02:35:04,672 --> 02:35:06,674
I thoroughly disagreed
with him in numerous issues,
2978
02:35:06,707 --> 02:35:08,810
and his actions frankly
appeared to me
2979
02:35:08,843 --> 02:35:10,377
confused and complicated.
2980
02:35:10,410 --> 02:35:11,946
To this extent, I feel,
2981
02:35:11,979 --> 02:35:15,082
I want to see the vital
interest of this country
2982
02:35:15,116 --> 02:35:16,951
in hands which
I understand better
2983
02:35:16,984 --> 02:35:19,120
and therefore trust more.
2984
02:35:19,153 --> 02:35:21,923
-Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
2985
02:35:25,726 --> 02:35:26,828
I'm sorry.
2986
02:35:29,462 --> 02:35:31,632
You shook his fucking hand?
2987
02:35:31,666 --> 02:35:34,569
Oh, I would have
spit in his face.
2988
02:35:34,602 --> 02:35:36,137
Not sure the board
would have appreciated that.
2989
02:35:36,170 --> 02:35:37,738
Is it not
gentlemanly enough for you?
2990
02:35:37,772 --> 02:35:41,108
Well, I-I think you're all being
too goddamn gentlemanly.
2991
02:35:41,142 --> 02:35:43,110
Gray must see
what Robb is doing.
2992
02:35:43,144 --> 02:35:45,079
Why doesn't he just
shut him down?
2993
02:35:45,112 --> 02:35:47,715
And you shaking Teller's hand.
2994
02:35:47,748 --> 02:35:50,618
You need to stop
playing the martyr.
2995
02:35:51,619 --> 02:35:54,021
Under the current
AEC guidelines,
2996
02:35:54,055 --> 02:35:56,456
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2997
02:36:02,630 --> 02:36:04,999
Under my interpretation
2998
02:36:05,032 --> 02:36:07,168
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2999
02:36:07,201 --> 02:36:09,036
which did not exist
3000
02:36:09,070 --> 02:36:11,906
when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942...
3001
02:36:13,140 --> 02:36:16,544
I would not clear him today,
3002
02:36:16,577 --> 02:36:18,546
uh, if I were on the commission.
3003
02:36:18,579 --> 02:36:20,147
Good. Thank you, General.
That is all.
3004
02:36:20,181 --> 02:36:22,183
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
3005
02:36:22,216 --> 02:36:24,384
That's all.
3006
02:36:26,888 --> 02:36:29,023
Dr. Oppenheimer
had no responsibility
3007
02:36:29,056 --> 02:36:30,558
in the selection
or the clearance
3008
02:36:30,591 --> 02:36:31,893
of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
3009
02:36:31,926 --> 02:36:33,194
No. None at all.
3010
02:36:33,227 --> 02:36:34,829
And you wouldn't want
to leave this board
3011
02:36:34,862 --> 02:36:37,632
with any suggestion today
that you're here questioning
3012
02:36:37,665 --> 02:36:39,700
his basic loyalty
to the United States
3013
02:36:39,734 --> 02:36:41,135
in the operation of Los Alamos?
3014
02:36:41,168 --> 02:36:42,737
By no means.
3015
02:36:42,770 --> 02:36:44,772
I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise
3016
02:36:44,805 --> 02:36:46,439
for an instant.
3017
02:36:46,473 --> 02:36:47,575
Thank you, General.
3018
02:37:05,626 --> 02:37:07,895
Okay. We shouldn't
keep them waiting.
3019
02:37:07,929 --> 02:37:09,196
She'll be here.
3020
02:37:09,230 --> 02:37:10,665
Do you even want her here?
3021
02:37:10,698 --> 02:37:13,200
Only a fool or an adolescent
3022
02:37:13,234 --> 02:37:15,136
presumes to know
someone else's relationship,
3023
02:37:15,169 --> 02:37:17,470
and you're neither, Lloyd.
3024
02:37:19,040 --> 02:37:21,008
Kitty and I,
3025
02:37:21,042 --> 02:37:23,110
we're grown-ups.
3026
02:37:23,144 --> 02:37:25,980
We've walked
through fire together.
3027
02:37:26,013 --> 02:37:28,582
She'll do fine.
3028
02:37:28,616 --> 02:37:30,685
Would you describe
your views on Communism
3029
02:37:30,718 --> 02:37:32,753
as pro, anti, neutral?
3030
02:37:32,787 --> 02:37:34,655
Very strongly against.
3031
02:37:34,689 --> 02:37:36,824
I-I've had nothing to do
with Communism in... since...
3032
02:37:36,857 --> 02:37:39,694
since 1936, since...
3033
02:37:39,727 --> 02:37:42,596
since before I met Robert.
3034
02:37:43,197 --> 02:37:45,032
That's all.
3035
02:37:45,066 --> 02:37:46,634
The record demonstrates
3036
02:37:46,667 --> 02:37:48,269
that Oppenheimer
was not interrogated
3037
02:37:48,302 --> 02:37:51,539
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray board.
3038
02:37:51,572 --> 02:37:52,974
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor
3039
02:37:53,007 --> 02:37:54,675
who used all the tricks
3040
02:37:54,709 --> 02:37:56,510
of a rather ingenious
legal background.
3041
02:37:56,544 --> 02:37:57,979
You are charging now
3042
02:37:58,012 --> 02:38:00,982
that the Gray board
permitted a prosecution.
3043
02:38:01,015 --> 02:38:03,718
If I were on the Gray board,
3044
02:38:03,751 --> 02:38:05,720
I would have protested
against the tactics
3045
02:38:05,753 --> 02:38:08,656
of the man who served, in fact,
as the prosecuting counsel.
3046
02:38:08,689 --> 02:38:11,892
A man appointed not by the board
3047
02:38:11,926 --> 02:38:13,995
but by Lewis Strauss.
3048
02:38:15,997 --> 02:38:17,031
Who was this?
3049
02:38:18,332 --> 02:38:20,167
I'm sorry?
3050
02:38:20,201 --> 02:38:21,268
Who was this?
3051
02:38:21,302 --> 02:38:22,737
Uh, Roger Robb.
3052
02:38:22,770 --> 02:38:25,106
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
3053
02:38:29,310 --> 02:38:31,746
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
3054
02:38:33,180 --> 02:38:35,282
I'm... I'm not sure.
3055
02:38:35,316 --> 02:38:36,817
Not sure?
3056
02:38:39,787 --> 02:38:40,788
Well...
3057
02:38:43,190 --> 02:38:44,925
Well?
3058
02:38:53,868 --> 02:38:56,837
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the Party
3059
02:38:56,871 --> 02:39:00,641
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
3060
02:39:03,811 --> 02:39:04,945
Yeah.
3061
02:39:10,317 --> 02:39:11,719
Sorry.
3062
02:39:12,353 --> 02:39:13,954
Yes. Mm.
3063
02:39:15,790 --> 02:39:17,792
It's just it was all
so very long ago,
3064
02:39:17,825 --> 02:39:19,660
-Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
-Not really.
3065
02:39:19,693 --> 02:39:20,928
Long enough to have forgotten.
3066
02:39:20,961 --> 02:39:22,329
Did you return the card
or rip it up?
3067
02:39:22,363 --> 02:39:23,964
The card whose existence
I've forgotten?
3068
02:39:23,998 --> 02:39:25,800
Your Communist Party
membership card.
3069
02:39:25,833 --> 02:39:27,568
Haven't the slightest idea.
3070
02:39:29,870 --> 02:39:32,640
Can a distinction
be made between
3071
02:39:32,673 --> 02:39:34,341
Soviet Communism and Communism?
3072
02:39:34,375 --> 02:39:35,943
Well, in the days
when I was a member,
3073
02:39:35,976 --> 02:39:37,611
I thought they were
definitely two things.
3074
02:39:37,645 --> 02:39:38,913
-Oh?
-I thought that
3075
02:39:38,946 --> 02:39:40,815
the Communist Party
of the United States
3076
02:39:40,848 --> 02:39:43,250
was concerned with
our domestic problems.
3077
02:39:43,284 --> 02:39:44,752
I now no longer believe this.
3078
02:39:44,785 --> 02:39:45,820
Believe the whole thing's
linked together
3079
02:39:45,853 --> 02:39:47,121
and spread all over the world,
3080
02:39:47,154 --> 02:39:49,356
and I have believed this
since I left the Party
3081
02:39:49,390 --> 02:39:50,858
16 years ago.
3082
02:39:50,891 --> 02:39:52,193
-But...
-Seventeen years ago.
3083
02:39:52,226 --> 02:39:53,627
My mistake.
3084
02:39:53,661 --> 02:39:56,297
-But you said...
-Sorry, 18.
3085
02:39:56,330 --> 02:39:58,599
Eighteen years ago.
3086
02:39:59,400 --> 02:40:00,701
Are you familiar with the fact
3087
02:40:00,734 --> 02:40:01,902
your husband was
making contributions
3088
02:40:01,936 --> 02:40:05,005
to the Spanish Civil War
as late as 1942?
3089
02:40:05,039 --> 02:40:06,907
I knew that Robert gave money
from time to time.
3090
02:40:06,941 --> 02:40:08,175
Did you know
this money was going
3091
02:40:08,209 --> 02:40:09,643
into Communist Party channels?
3092
02:40:09,677 --> 02:40:11,112
Don't you mean "through"?
3093
02:40:11,145 --> 02:40:12,913
-Pardon?
-I think you mean
3094
02:40:12,947 --> 02:40:14,748
"through Communist Party
channels," don't you?
3095
02:40:14,782 --> 02:40:16,016
-Y-Yes!
-Yes?
3096
02:40:16,050 --> 02:40:17,952
-Yes!
-Yes.
3097
02:40:17,985 --> 02:40:21,689
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
3098
02:40:21,722 --> 02:40:23,023
your husband had not stopped
3099
02:40:23,057 --> 02:40:24,992
having anything to do
with the Communist Party?
3100
02:40:25,025 --> 02:40:26,827
You don't have
to answer that yes or no.
3101
02:40:26,861 --> 02:40:28,229
You can answer that
any way you wish.
3102
02:40:28,262 --> 02:40:30,131
I know that, thank you.
3103
02:40:30,164 --> 02:40:31,866
It's your question.
3104
02:40:31,899 --> 02:40:33,801
-It's not properly phrased.
-Do you understand
3105
02:40:33,834 --> 02:40:35,069
-what I'm getting at?
-I do.
3106
02:40:35,102 --> 02:40:36,370
Then why don't you
answer it that way?
3107
02:40:36,403 --> 02:40:38,005
'Cause I don't like your phrase.
3108
02:40:38,038 --> 02:40:39,974
"Having anything to do
with the Communist Party."
3109
02:40:40,007 --> 02:40:41,809
Because Robert never
had anything to do
3110
02:40:41,842 --> 02:40:43,144
with the Communist Party
as such.
3111
02:40:43,177 --> 02:40:45,813
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
3112
02:40:45,846 --> 02:40:47,781
I know he took
an intellectual interest
3113
02:40:47,815 --> 02:40:49,016
in Communist ideas...
3114
02:40:49,049 --> 02:40:50,151
Are there two types
of Communists?
3115
02:40:50,184 --> 02:40:51,886
Intellectual Communists
3116
02:40:51,919 --> 02:40:53,854
and your plain old
regular Commie?
3117
02:40:54,855 --> 02:40:56,423
Well, I couldn't
answer that one.
3118
02:40:56,457 --> 02:40:59,226
I couldn't either.
3119
02:41:05,366 --> 02:41:07,168
Evening.
3120
02:41:07,201 --> 02:41:08,936
Robert,
you can't win this thing.
3121
02:41:08,969 --> 02:41:10,905
It's a kangaroo court
with a predetermined outcome.
3122
02:41:10,938 --> 02:41:12,873
Why put yourself
through more of it?
3123
02:41:13,474 --> 02:41:15,910
I have my reasons.
3124
02:41:16,511 --> 02:41:17,945
All right.
3125
02:41:17,978 --> 02:41:19,113
Good night.
3126
02:41:23,817 --> 02:41:25,219
He has a point.
3127
02:41:26,153 --> 02:41:28,189
I'm not sure
you understand, Albert.
3128
02:41:28,222 --> 02:41:29,323
No?
3129
02:41:29,356 --> 02:41:32,860
I left my country
never to return.
3130
02:41:33,494 --> 02:41:35,462
You served your country well.
3131
02:41:35,496 --> 02:41:39,133
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
3132
02:41:39,166 --> 02:41:42,803
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
3133
02:41:42,836 --> 02:41:45,472
Damn it, I happen
to love this country.
3134
02:41:45,506 --> 02:41:48,108
Then tell them to go to hell.
3135
02:41:48,142 --> 02:41:49,043
Interestingly enough,
3136
02:41:49,076 --> 02:41:52,146
this is no longer
a confirmation hearing,
3137
02:41:52,179 --> 02:41:54,348
it's now a trial...
3138
02:41:54,381 --> 02:41:56,116
about a trial!
3139
02:41:57,117 --> 02:41:58,419
It's not good
he's telling everyone
3140
02:41:58,452 --> 02:41:59,753
you initiated the hearings.
3141
02:41:59,787 --> 02:42:02,156
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
3142
02:42:02,189 --> 02:42:04,858
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
3143
02:42:04,892 --> 02:42:07,228
We're not in court, sir.
3144
02:42:07,261 --> 02:42:08,462
There's no burden of proof.
3145
02:42:08,495 --> 02:42:10,864
Right. They're not convicting...
3146
02:42:10,898 --> 02:42:12,166
just denying.
3147
02:42:12,199 --> 02:42:15,102
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down?
3148
02:42:15,135 --> 02:42:16,770
What's his angle?
3149
02:42:16,804 --> 02:42:18,906
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
3150
02:42:18,939 --> 02:42:20,542
-As he sees it.
-I told you,
3151
02:42:20,575 --> 02:42:23,244
Oppenheimer poisoned
the scientists against me,
3152
02:42:23,277 --> 02:42:24,979
right from that first meeting.
3153
02:42:25,012 --> 02:42:28,249
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
3154
02:42:28,282 --> 02:42:31,018
but Einstein wouldn't
even meet my eye.
3155
02:42:32,119 --> 02:42:35,222
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
3156
02:42:35,256 --> 02:42:36,524
And at Los Alamos,
3157
02:42:36,558 --> 02:42:38,892
he preyed
on the naivete of scientists
3158
02:42:38,926 --> 02:42:41,228
who thought they'd get a say
in how we used their work,
3159
02:42:41,262 --> 02:42:44,265
but don't ever think
he was that naive himself.
3160
02:42:44,298 --> 02:42:45,567
Doctor.
3161
02:42:45,600 --> 02:42:47,569
During your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
3162
02:42:47,602 --> 02:42:51,272
were you deterred
by any moral qualms?
3163
02:42:51,305 --> 02:42:52,940
Yes, of course.
3164
02:42:52,973 --> 02:42:54,275
But you still got on
with your work, didn't you?
3165
02:42:54,308 --> 02:42:56,544
Yes, because this was
work of exploration,
3166
02:42:56,578 --> 02:42:58,812
it was not the preparation
of a weapon.
3167
02:42:58,846 --> 02:43:00,914
You mean it was more of a...
an academic excursion.
3168
02:43:00,948 --> 02:43:02,850
No, it is not an academic thing
3169
02:43:02,883 --> 02:43:04,285
whether you can build
a hydrogen bomb.
3170
02:43:04,318 --> 02:43:05,919
It's a matter of life and death.
3171
02:43:05,953 --> 02:43:07,321
By 1942, you were
actively pushing
3172
02:43:07,354 --> 02:43:08,922
the development of
the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
3173
02:43:08,956 --> 02:43:10,190
Pushing's not the right word.
3174
02:43:10,224 --> 02:43:12,159
Supporting it
and working on it, yes.
3175
02:43:12,192 --> 02:43:14,529
So when did these moral qualms
become so strong
3176
02:43:14,562 --> 02:43:16,196
that you actively opposed
3177
02:43:16,230 --> 02:43:17,898
the development
of the hydrogen bomb?
3178
02:43:17,931 --> 02:43:19,900
When it was suggested
that it be the policy
3179
02:43:19,933 --> 02:43:22,102
of the United States to make
these things at all cost
3180
02:43:22,136 --> 02:43:24,138
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
3181
02:43:24,171 --> 02:43:27,241
and atomic weapons
as part of our arsenal.
3182
02:43:28,610 --> 02:43:30,545
What do moral qualms
have to do with that?
3183
02:43:30,578 --> 02:43:32,614
Wha... What do moral qualms
3184
02:43:32,647 --> 02:43:34,181
-have to do with it?
-Yes.
3185
02:43:34,214 --> 02:43:36,283
Oppenheimer wanted
to own the atomic bomb.
3186
02:43:36,317 --> 02:43:38,218
He wanted to be the man
who moved the Earth.
3187
02:43:38,252 --> 02:43:41,422
He talks about
putting the nuclear genie
3188
02:43:41,455 --> 02:43:42,923
back in the bottle.
3189
02:43:42,956 --> 02:43:44,091
Well, I'm here to tell you
3190
02:43:44,124 --> 02:43:46,327
that I know
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
3191
02:43:46,360 --> 02:43:50,464
and if he could do it all over,
he'd do it all the same.
3192
02:43:50,497 --> 02:43:53,535
You know he's never once said
that he regrets Hiroshima?
3193
02:43:53,568 --> 02:43:56,437
He'd do it all over. Why?
3194
02:43:56,470 --> 02:43:57,905
Because it made him
3195
02:43:57,938 --> 02:43:59,574
the most important man
who ever lived.
3196
02:43:59,607 --> 02:44:01,942
Well, we've...
3197
02:44:01,975 --> 02:44:04,078
we've freely used
the atomic bomb...
3198
02:44:04,111 --> 02:44:06,213
In fact, Doctor,
you assisted in selecting
3199
02:44:06,246 --> 02:44:07,649
the target to drop
the atomic bomb on Japan,
3200
02:44:07,682 --> 02:44:09,350
-didn't you?
-Yes.
3201
02:44:09,383 --> 02:44:11,018
Well, then you knew,
did you not, that by dropping
3202
02:44:11,051 --> 02:44:13,220
that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
3203
02:44:13,253 --> 02:44:14,656
that thousands of civilians
would be killed
3204
02:44:14,689 --> 02:44:16,423
or injured, is that correct?
3205
02:44:16,457 --> 02:44:18,359
Yes, not as many
as turned out...
3206
02:44:18,392 --> 02:44:20,595
Oh. Well, how many
were killed or injured?
3207
02:44:20,628 --> 02:44:22,496
-70,000.
-70,000
3208
02:44:22,530 --> 02:44:23,598
at both Hiroshima and...
3209
02:44:23,631 --> 02:44:25,065
110,000 at both.
3210
02:44:25,099 --> 02:44:26,500
On the day of each bombing?
3211
02:44:28,469 --> 02:44:29,637
Yes.
3212
02:44:29,671 --> 02:44:31,238
And in the weeks
and years that followed?
3213
02:44:31,271 --> 02:44:33,974
It has been put at somewhere
between 50 and 100,000.
3214
02:44:34,007 --> 02:44:36,110
-220,000 dead at least?
-Yes.
3215
02:44:36,143 --> 02:44:38,045
Any moral scruples about that?
3216
02:44:39,413 --> 02:44:40,515
Terrible ones.
3217
02:44:40,548 --> 02:44:42,116
But yet you testified in here
3218
02:44:42,149 --> 02:44:44,519
that the bombing of Hiroshima
was very successful.
3219
02:44:44,552 --> 02:44:46,120
-Technically successful.
-Oh!
3220
02:44:46,153 --> 02:44:47,921
Technically, it was
very successful.
3221
02:44:47,955 --> 02:44:49,423
And it is also alleged
to have helped end the war.
3222
02:44:49,456 --> 02:44:51,425
Would you have been
in support of the dropping
3223
02:44:51,458 --> 02:44:53,394
of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
3224
02:44:53,427 --> 02:44:54,962
That would make no sense at all.
3225
02:44:54,995 --> 02:44:57,431
-Why?
-The-the target is too small.
3226
02:44:57,464 --> 02:44:59,967
Well, supposing there had been
a target in Japan
3227
02:45:00,000 --> 02:45:01,468
big enough for
a thermonuclear weapon,
3228
02:45:01,502 --> 02:45:03,270
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
3229
02:45:03,303 --> 02:45:05,139
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted...
3230
02:45:05,172 --> 02:45:06,608
Well, I'm confronting you
with it now, sir.
3231
02:45:06,641 --> 02:45:08,409
It was all part of his plan.
3232
02:45:08,442 --> 02:45:10,010
He wanted the glorious,
3233
02:45:10,043 --> 02:45:12,212
insincere guilt
of the self-important
3234
02:45:12,246 --> 02:45:13,715
to wear like a fuckin' crown.
3235
02:45:13,748 --> 02:45:17,184
Say, "No, we cannot
go down this road,"
3236
02:45:17,217 --> 02:45:20,020
even as he knew we'd have to.
3237
02:45:20,053 --> 02:45:21,589
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping
3238
02:45:21,623 --> 02:45:23,290
of a thermonuclear weapon
on Japan
3239
02:45:23,323 --> 02:45:25,560
-because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
3240
02:45:25,593 --> 02:45:27,294
Well, did you oppose
the dropping
3241
02:45:27,327 --> 02:45:29,329
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
because of moral scruples?
3242
02:45:29,363 --> 02:45:30,998
We set forth our arguments...
3243
02:45:31,031 --> 02:45:32,433
No, you, you, you.
I'm asking you.
3244
02:45:32,466 --> 02:45:34,101
-I set... I set forth...
-Not we. You, you, you!
3245
02:45:34,134 --> 02:45:35,737
...our arguments
against dropping it,
3246
02:45:35,770 --> 02:45:37,304
but I did not endorse them.
3247
02:45:37,337 --> 02:45:39,039
You mean after
working night and day
3248
02:45:39,072 --> 02:45:40,441
for three years
building the bomb,
3249
02:45:40,474 --> 02:45:42,309
you then argued against
the use of it?
3250
02:45:42,342 --> 02:45:45,045
I was asked
by the Secretary of War
3251
02:45:45,078 --> 02:45:46,447
what the views
of scientists were.
3252
02:45:46,480 --> 02:45:49,216
I gave him the views against
and the views for.
3253
02:45:49,249 --> 02:45:51,251
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb on Japan.
3254
02:45:51,285 --> 02:45:52,754
-What do you mean "support"?
-Didn't you?
3255
02:45:52,787 --> 02:45:54,254
-You supported it!
-What do you mean "support"?
3256
02:45:54,288 --> 02:45:55,623
Well, you helped
pick the target, didn't you?
3257
02:45:55,657 --> 02:45:57,291
I did my job.
3258
02:45:57,324 --> 02:45:59,059
I was not in a policy-making
position at Los Alamos.
3259
02:45:59,092 --> 02:46:00,728
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
3260
02:46:00,762 --> 02:46:03,030
Well, then you would have
built the H-bomb too,
3261
02:46:03,063 --> 02:46:04,198
-wouldn't you?
-I couldn't.
3262
02:46:04,231 --> 02:46:06,133
I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
3263
02:46:06,166 --> 02:46:08,502
And the GAC report
which you co-authored
3264
02:46:08,536 --> 02:46:10,404
after the Soviet
atomic test said
3265
02:46:10,437 --> 02:46:13,106
a Super bomb
should never be built!
3266
02:46:13,140 --> 02:46:14,475
What we meant,
what I meant was...
3267
02:46:14,508 --> 02:46:16,578
-What you, who? Who?
-What I meant...
3268
02:46:18,345 --> 02:46:19,781
And wouldn't the Russians
do anything
3269
02:46:19,814 --> 02:46:22,082
to increase their strength?
3270
02:46:22,115 --> 02:46:24,084
If we did it,
they would have to do it.
3271
02:46:24,117 --> 02:46:26,153
Our efforts would only
fuel their efforts,
3272
02:46:26,186 --> 02:46:28,288
just as it had
with the atomic bomb.
3273
02:46:28,322 --> 02:46:31,726
"Just as it had with
the atomic bomb," exactly!
3274
02:46:31,759 --> 02:46:36,497
No moral scruples in 1945,
plenty in 1949.
3275
02:46:40,635 --> 02:46:42,469
Dr. Oppenheimer...
3276
02:46:44,137 --> 02:46:46,741
...when did your strong
moral convictions develop
3277
02:46:46,774 --> 02:46:49,577
with respect
to the hydrogen bomb?
3278
02:46:56,618 --> 02:46:59,521
When it became clear to me
3279
02:46:59,554 --> 02:47:03,190
that we would tend to use
any weapon we had.
3280
02:47:05,627 --> 02:47:08,128
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
the martyr.
3281
02:47:08,161 --> 02:47:10,765
I gave him exactly
what he wanted.
3282
02:47:10,798 --> 02:47:13,066
To be remembered for Trinity,
3283
02:47:13,100 --> 02:47:15,703
not Hiroshima,
3284
02:47:15,737 --> 02:47:18,171
not Nagasaki.
3285
02:47:20,708 --> 02:47:23,410
He should be thanking me.
3286
02:47:23,443 --> 02:47:26,380
Well, he's not.
3287
02:47:28,215 --> 02:47:29,817
Do we still have enough votes,
3288
02:47:29,851 --> 02:47:31,519
or is the crowning moment
of my career
3289
02:47:31,553 --> 02:47:35,690
about to become the most public
humiliation of my life?
3290
02:47:35,723 --> 02:47:38,292
Full Senate's about to vote.
3291
02:47:38,325 --> 02:47:39,493
You'll scrape through.
3292
02:47:39,527 --> 02:47:41,161
Great, then gather
the fucking press.
3293
02:47:41,194 --> 02:47:43,163
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
3294
02:47:43,196 --> 02:47:46,166
This board, having heard
testimony from you
3295
02:47:46,199 --> 02:47:49,336
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
3296
02:47:49,369 --> 02:47:51,371
has come to
the unanimous conclusion
3297
02:47:51,405 --> 02:47:54,508
that you are a loyal citizen.
3298
02:47:55,810 --> 02:47:57,444
However,
3299
02:47:57,477 --> 02:48:01,114
in the light of
your continuing associations
3300
02:48:01,148 --> 02:48:02,416
and disregard
3301
02:48:02,449 --> 02:48:04,586
for the security apparatus
of this country,
3302
02:48:04,619 --> 02:48:08,155
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
3303
02:48:08,188 --> 02:48:10,725
on the hydrogen bomb program
3304
02:48:10,758 --> 02:48:12,292
and the regrettable
lack of candor
3305
02:48:12,326 --> 02:48:14,696
in certain of your responses
to this board,
3306
02:48:14,729 --> 02:48:17,599
we have voted two to one
3307
02:48:17,632 --> 02:48:20,735
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
3308
02:48:20,768 --> 02:48:23,871
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
3309
02:48:23,905 --> 02:48:27,407
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
3310
02:48:27,441 --> 02:48:29,109
That is all.
3311
02:48:32,880 --> 02:48:34,214
-Gordon...
-Roger.
3312
02:48:39,252 --> 02:48:41,154
Robert.
3313
02:48:41,789 --> 02:48:43,323
Robert.
3314
02:48:45,793 --> 02:48:47,294
Don't...
3315
02:48:49,664 --> 02:48:52,867
Don't take in the sheets.
3316
02:48:54,267 --> 02:48:55,670
Get a picture with him.
3317
02:48:55,703 --> 02:48:56,938
Sir, sir.
3318
02:48:56,971 --> 02:48:59,439
Two minutes. Two minutes.
3319
02:48:59,473 --> 02:49:00,675
-You'll get your shot.
-Please, sir.
3320
02:49:00,708 --> 02:49:02,275
We've been waiting for so long.
3321
02:49:02,309 --> 02:49:03,310
-Evening, sir.
-Come out.
3322
02:49:03,343 --> 02:49:04,378
Sir, sir!
3323
02:49:04,411 --> 02:49:05,747
Is it official?
3324
02:49:07,849 --> 02:49:09,249
Well, there were,
3325
02:49:09,282 --> 02:49:12,419
uh, a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
3326
02:49:16,858 --> 02:49:19,527
I'm denied. Yeah?
3327
02:49:19,560 --> 02:49:21,529
-I'm afraid so, sir.
-All right.
3328
02:49:29,236 --> 02:49:30,303
Who were the holdouts?
3329
02:49:30,337 --> 02:49:33,273
Um, there were three,
3330
02:49:33,306 --> 02:49:36,243
led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
3331
02:49:36,276 --> 02:49:37,679
Young guy trying
to make a name for himself,
3332
02:49:37,712 --> 02:49:40,280
didn't like what you did
to Oppenheimer.
3333
02:49:40,313 --> 02:49:41,448
What's his name?
3334
02:49:41,481 --> 02:49:43,685
Uh, Kennedy.
3335
02:49:43,718 --> 02:49:45,520
John F. Kennedy.
3336
02:49:48,990 --> 02:49:50,390
Kitty?
3337
02:49:56,463 --> 02:49:59,867
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
3338
02:49:59,901 --> 02:50:02,469
that the world
would forgive you?
3339
02:50:06,007 --> 02:50:07,441
It won't.
3340
02:50:09,811 --> 02:50:11,211
We'll see.
3341
02:50:20,988 --> 02:50:22,990
Goddamn it.
3342
02:50:24,525 --> 02:50:27,461
You told me I'd be okay.
3343
02:50:27,494 --> 02:50:29,864
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
3344
02:50:29,897 --> 02:50:31,465
Here's a fact.
3345
02:50:31,498 --> 02:50:33,333
President Eisenhower pinned
the Medal of Freedom
3346
02:50:33,366 --> 02:50:34,802
on my chest last year
3347
02:50:34,836 --> 02:50:37,337
'cause I've always done
what's right for this country.
3348
02:50:37,370 --> 02:50:39,874
They don't want me
in the Cabinet room?
3349
02:50:39,907 --> 02:50:42,342
Well, that's... that's fine.
3350
02:50:42,375 --> 02:50:44,712
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
3351
02:50:44,746 --> 02:50:45,780
Maybe they will.
3352
02:50:46,781 --> 02:50:48,015
I told you,
3353
02:50:48,049 --> 02:50:50,685
he turned the scientists
against me one by one,
3354
02:50:50,718 --> 02:50:52,887
starting with Einstein.
I told you about, uh, Einstein.
3355
02:50:52,920 --> 02:50:54,354
I saw him by the pond.
3356
02:50:54,387 --> 02:50:55,890
You did, but you know, sir,
3357
02:50:55,923 --> 02:50:57,925
since nobody really knows
3358
02:50:57,959 --> 02:50:59,594
what they said
to each other that day,
3359
02:50:59,627 --> 02:51:03,664
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
3360
02:51:03,698 --> 02:51:06,834
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh,
3361
02:51:06,868 --> 02:51:08,301
more important?
3362
02:51:08,335 --> 02:51:09,771
Mr. Strauss!
3363
02:51:13,107 --> 02:51:15,509
Over here! Mr. Strauss!
3364
02:51:18,646 --> 02:51:21,916
Oh.
3365
02:51:23,084 --> 02:51:24,384
Thank you.
3366
02:51:24,417 --> 02:51:26,921
Albert.
3367
02:51:26,954 --> 02:51:28,923
Ah.
3368
02:51:28,956 --> 02:51:31,458
The man of the moment.
3369
02:51:34,562 --> 02:51:37,932
You once held
a-a reception for me.
3370
02:51:37,965 --> 02:51:39,767
In Berkeley.
You gave me an award.
3371
02:51:39,801 --> 02:51:41,669
-Hmm?
-Yes.
3372
02:51:42,570 --> 02:51:44,972
You all thought that
I had lost the ability
3373
02:51:45,006 --> 02:51:47,942
to understand what I'd started.
3374
02:51:47,975 --> 02:51:51,411
So the award
really wasn't for me,
3375
02:51:51,444 --> 02:51:53,848
it was for all of you, hmm?
3376
02:51:55,716 --> 02:51:57,718
Now it's your turn
3377
02:51:57,752 --> 02:52:02,455
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
3378
02:52:03,390 --> 02:52:04,692
And one day,
3379
02:52:04,725 --> 02:52:07,360
when they've
punished you enough...
3380
02:52:08,763 --> 02:52:12,667
...they'll serve you
salmon and potato salad.
3381
02:52:16,403 --> 02:52:18,438
Make speeches...
3382
02:52:19,472 --> 02:52:20,975
...give you a medal.
3383
02:52:22,677 --> 02:52:24,846
Hello, Frank.
3384
02:52:24,879 --> 02:52:26,113
You're happy, I'm happy.
3385
02:52:33,087 --> 02:52:36,423
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
3386
02:52:37,959 --> 02:52:40,360
Just remember...
3387
02:52:40,995 --> 02:52:42,864
...it won't be for you.
3388
02:52:47,134 --> 02:52:48,769
It'll be for them.
3389
02:53:02,917 --> 02:53:04,451
Albert.
3390
02:53:05,686 --> 02:53:09,156
When I came to you
with those calculations,
3391
02:53:09,190 --> 02:53:11,424
we thought we might
start a chain reaction
3392
02:53:11,458 --> 02:53:14,929
that would destroy
the entire world.
3393
02:53:14,962 --> 02:53:18,431
Mm, I remember it well.
3394
02:53:18,465 --> 02:53:20,534
What of it?
3395
02:53:23,170 --> 02:53:24,906
I believe we did.
246826