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Divorced,
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beheaded,
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died.
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Divorced,
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beheaded,
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survived.
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The story of Henry VIII and his six wives
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is one of the best-known in history.
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There's Catherine of Aragon, the bitter, abandoned first wife.
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Anne Boleyn, the original "other woman".
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Jane Seymour - bit of a doormat.
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Then we've got Anne of Cleves, she was the ugly one.
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Catherine Howard, the one who slept around.
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And Catherine Parr, the saintly nurse.
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But I'm going to tell you a very different story.
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I'm going to take you back in time,
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and into the private lives of Henry's six wives.
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I'm going to see the story
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from THEIR point of view,
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and I'll watch as events unfold.
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- ANNE:
- '..and not defy the Church in this way!'
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The fate of my soul is no longer your concern!
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It will ALWAYS be my concern.
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These events all really happened,
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and were recorded in historical documents,
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or reported by eyewitnesses.
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I asked for his head.
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Not his coat.
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They reveal six complex women who lived in a dangerous age
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as they struggled to survive being married to Henry VIII.
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You are still prepared to question me?
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Six wives, whose names were tarnished
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by Henry's propaganda machine.
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Six queens, whose stories I want to re-examine.
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Is she here?
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I'll observe their life at court.
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I'll watch them romanced
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by a charismatic king...
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- Tell me you're the same.
- Always.
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..who craves the company of women.
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The King is a very...sociable man.
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I'll show you how they fall from favour.
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I am your loyal wife, my lord!
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Leave, or I shall have you dragged from here.
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I have here a warrant for the arrest of Queen Catherine.
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I'll see how their reputations are destroyed...
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I beg of you to tell the King that my heart is filled with sorrow.
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And assure him of my repentance.
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..and lives cut short at the hands of a ruthless, brutal man.
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Six children born!
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Five of them dead!
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SHE GASPS
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This is the ultimate true story
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of love, loss and betrayal.
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Remember what happened to my last wife and queen?
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It's the 18th of January, 1510.
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Catherine of Aragon has been married to Henry VIII for seven months.
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LADIES GROAN
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# Da-da! #
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Excellently played, Maria.
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Luck, my lady, nothing more.
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ALL GIGGLE
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METALLIC SCRAPE
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DOOR RATTLES >
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DOOR RATTLES
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Maud.
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LOCK CLACKS
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Who is it?
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Nobody.
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SHOUTING
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LADIES SCREAM
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SHE GASPS, HE CHUCKLES
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SHE GASPS
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HE LAUGHS, SHE CHUCKLES
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My darling lady.
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- We frightened you?
- Half to death!
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HE LAUGHS
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I'm sorry.
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Mmm...
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We thought you ladies far too clever to be fooled.
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ALL CHUCKLE
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What does the King think of my new robe?
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Beautiful. Every inch of you.
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HE CLEARS HIS THROAT
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- What does the Queen think of the King's costume?
- Quite the rogue!
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Friends,
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such a pity you have to leave us.
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HE LAUGHS
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Henry VIII is a loving husband
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to his Spanish queen, Catherine of Aragon.
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Those two truly believe that theirs is a match made in Heaven.
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A few hours and I miss you with all my heart.
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I feel delirious.
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What's wrong with me?
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Perhaps you're coming down with a fever.
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- Tell me you're the same.
- Always.
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Henry has been King of England for nine months
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and Catherine is already pregnant.
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We don't think of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
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ever being in love.
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Catherine was his first wife,
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and as the rhyme tells us,
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the one he divorced.
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The bitter ending of her marriage
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has come to define her as an angry woman, obsessed with religion,
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but I'm going to show you a different Catherine.
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In reality, she was a steadfast and popular queen.
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And for most of the 24 years of her marriage,
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she really was rather good at handling
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an increasingly difficult man.
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In an age of arranged marriages,
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that between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon was unusual
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because it was a love match.
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He could have had his pick of all the ladies of the Court,
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and he later said, that of all the ladies in the world,
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he would, again, have chosen her.
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She was a bit older than him.
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When they married she was 23,
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and he was about to turn 18.
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But they did have quite a lot in common.
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They were both the children of dynasties
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that had recently come to power through conflict,
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and they were both ambitious.
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They wanted to create a bigger role for themselves,
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and for England on the European stage.
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Ambition was something Catherine had had instilled in her
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from a very early age.
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This is the extraordinary Alhambra Palace in Grenada.
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This is the closest thing that Catherine had to a home.
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It was just one of many palaces of her parents,
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Queen Isabel of Castile
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and King Ferdinand of Aragon.
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The Alhambra was Catherine's favourite,
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and, by far, the grandest palace in the whole of Spain
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with its beautiful gardens.
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But it was also a fortress that witnessed battles,
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sieges and slaughter.
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Catherine's parents were fearsome rulers.
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They'd forged alliances, and united kingdoms.
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Her mother, Isabel, was known as the "Warrior Queen".
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And Isabel had big ambitions for Catherine. At the age of three,
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she was promised in marriage to the heir of the throne of England -
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we're not talking about Henry here, but his older brother, Arthur.
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To Catherine's parents, this was a great opportunity -
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a new dynastic alliance.
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But to Catherine herself,
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it meant that she'd have to go and live in a very different country,
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almost a different world.
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And once she'd left Spain,
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she'd never see her parents again.
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Aged just 15, Catherine landed on the shores of England,
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there to marry Prince Arthur.
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He was the same age.
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But their marriage would be tragically short-lived.
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After just a few months, Arthur sickened and died.
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It must have been devastating for Catherine,
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who was now a teenage widow.
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Her father then tried to marry her off
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to the new heir to the English throne,
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Arthur's younger brother, Henry.
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The Spanish and English kings spent seven years
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trying to agree on the marriage contract.
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Eventually, Henry's father called the marriage off.
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But behind the King's back,
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the young prince had grown rather fond of his Spanish princess.
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And when the old king died,
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the first thing the new king, Henry VIII, did
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was to marry Catherine of Aragon.
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So, Catherine and Henry were the ultimate thrusting power couple.
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But top of the agenda for their marriage
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was the continuation of the dynasty.
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It was now her job to have children
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and she did manage to get pregnant pretty easily.
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It was only a few months later that the problems began.
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Catherine's nearly five months pregnant
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but it looks like she's had a miscarriage.
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Has the King been told?
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Not yet, my lady.
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Then he must know.
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Somebody fetch him.
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Wait!
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What is it?
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Please, speak.
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I'm confident, Your Highness,
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- the situation is not as we had feared.
- How so?
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You are still with child.
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- It's impossible.
- I have taken the utmost care,
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a thorough examination has been made, and the evidence is there.
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My womb is empty.
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I've seen the evidence myself.
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- How do you dismiss that?
- I do not, Your Highness.
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My explanation is thus.
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A twin pregnancy.
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One child lost,
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the other child continuing to grow.
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Your belly is still full.
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You're certain?
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Quite.
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Then I must take your word.
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The Queen will require meticulous care during her confinement.
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Of course.
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Thank you.
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This is a miracle from Christ, is it not?
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The weight of expectation that Catherine is under
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to produce an heir to the throne is absolutely crushing.
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Oh, quickly.
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Can you feel it?
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I think so.
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A miracle.
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On the physician's word,
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relief and excitement flood through the royal household...
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..and preparations for Catherine's confinement can proceed.
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She will spend the last month before the birth locked away
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with her personal servants, including her ladies-in-waiting.
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The Tudors believe that disease travels through the air,
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so the floors, doors and windows of her chambers are sealed
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to prevent her or the baby from getting ill.
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The groaning chair is prepared.
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The mother sits in this to groan her way through labour,
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and to give birth with the aid of gravity.
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And, finally, the bed is blessed.
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The day has come. My queen must go.
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- Only as far as my bedchamber.
- Which might as well be in Spain...
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Gentlemen, I trust you'll look after the King in my absence.
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I'll be in good hands.
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But none as fair or kind as these.
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- My heart aches at the thought of weeks without you.
- Mine too.
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But what prize at the end?
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Indeed.
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Pray for me.
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I'll pray for you both.
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Catherine enters confinement in spring 1510.
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Ahead now lies the ordeal of childbirth.
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It's terrifying, because of the distinct possibility
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that you might die.
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Husbands often have portraits painted of their wives
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while they're pregnant, so that a baby will have something
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to remember its mother by if she doesn't make it.
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I would prefer to undress alone.
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But there's something Catherine fears more than death.
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And that's failing in her royal duty.
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With just weeks to go before the birth,
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should she trust her doctor
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who believes there's a surviving twin still inside her?
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Or should she trust her instincts?
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All she can do is wait and pray
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that God will deliver the Tudor dynasty a son.
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SLAMMING
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You've loaded them, surely?
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KNOCK AT DOOR
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Your Grace.
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- What is it?
- The Queen, my lord.
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What's the matter with her?
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The matter is not with the Queen herself...
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..but with the baby.
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It's been born?
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I'm afraid she has suffered a loss of the child.
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The physician has just left the Queen's chamber,
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he confirms as much.
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Please leave us.
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Get out!
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The child?
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What was it,
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male or female?
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I do not know.
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You do not know?
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How can that be so?
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I came in haste.
269
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'The Queen asks if you will pay a visit to her chamber.'
270
00:17:18,480 --> 00:17:20,720
She is bereft, my lord.
271
00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:30,680
Maud, a stillbirth?
272
00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:34,240
No birth.
273
00:17:34,240 --> 00:17:35,760
There was no child.
274
00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:42,320
Catherine's bump has simply disappeared.
275
00:17:42,320 --> 00:17:46,080
It looks like the doctor's got it spectacularly wrong.
276
00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:47,680
Not a second baby,
277
00:17:47,680 --> 00:17:49,320
but an infection.
278
00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:56,400
The infection must have made Catherine's belly swell up.
279
00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:59,320
And I believe she was so desperate to have a child
280
00:17:59,320 --> 00:18:02,600
that she convinced herself that she was still pregnant.
281
00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:04,560
It was humiliating.
282
00:18:04,560 --> 00:18:07,240
All of that time spent in confinement,
283
00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:11,560
all of that ceremony, and absolutely nothing to show for it.
284
00:18:11,560 --> 00:18:13,760
Rumours started to circulate
285
00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:16,720
that Catherine was unable to conceive.
286
00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:19,360
And people at Court began to think that she was,
287
00:18:19,360 --> 00:18:21,880
maybe, unsuitable as a queen.
288
00:18:24,520 --> 00:18:26,360
And what about Henry?
289
00:18:26,360 --> 00:18:29,160
He must have been disappointed too.
290
00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:33,200
After all, he had the future of the dynasty to consider.
291
00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:34,560
We sometimes forget,
292
00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:39,080
but he was only the second Tudor king after his father, Henry VII.
293
00:18:39,080 --> 00:18:42,280
The dynasty was young, it was still insecure.
294
00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:46,160
And then, there was the security, the peace of the country.
295
00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:49,960
If Henry were to die without an agreed heir,
296
00:18:49,960 --> 00:18:52,200
there could be civil war -
297
00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:55,680
exactly what his father had managed to stop.
298
00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:59,000
So, it's difficult to underestimate the pressure
299
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:03,560
that Catherine must have felt, literally, to deliver.
300
00:19:03,560 --> 00:19:05,440
Fortunately for her,
301
00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:08,000
her luck was about to change.
302
00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:10,680
A few months later, she did conceive again,
303
00:19:10,680 --> 00:19:14,120
and, this time, it was a real pregnancy.
304
00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:20,800
It was also a smooth pregnancy.
305
00:19:22,480 --> 00:19:24,440
On New Year's Day, 1511,
306
00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:26,400
Catherine gave birth.
307
00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:27,800
It was a boy,
308
00:19:27,800 --> 00:19:30,280
and he was christened Henry.
309
00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:34,400
It looked like God was happy at last with Henry VIII,
310
00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:35,880
with the Tudor dynasty,
311
00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:38,080
with the whole kingdom of England.
312
00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:40,640
London went wild with celebrations,
313
00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:43,240
there were bonfires and fireworks,
314
00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:46,200
and, here at Westminster, there was a joust.
315
00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:55,960
The grandest jousting tournament of Henry VIII's reign
316
00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:59,880
was now held in honour of Catherine delivering him a son.
317
00:19:59,880 --> 00:20:05,320
The event was recorded on a spectacular 60-foot-long manuscript.
318
00:20:05,320 --> 00:20:06,720
For the last 500 years,
319
00:20:06,720 --> 00:20:10,920
it's been looked after by the College of Arms in London.
320
00:20:10,920 --> 00:20:15,200
Its custodian is the York Herald, Peter O'Donoghue.
321
00:20:16,680 --> 00:20:20,120
So, Peter, this is the actual moment of jousting.
322
00:20:20,120 --> 00:20:22,280
What's going on here? It looks very exciting.
323
00:20:22,280 --> 00:20:24,440
This is Henry on his horse,
324
00:20:24,440 --> 00:20:29,640
and he has struck his opponent on the head, and broken his lance.
325
00:20:29,640 --> 00:20:31,440
It's the most prestigious blow in jousting -
326
00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:33,320
to break your lance on your opponent's head.
327
00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:35,880
You can't really tell that he's the King, can you?
328
00:20:35,880 --> 00:20:38,440
- Because he's in disguise.
- Yeah, that's right.
329
00:20:38,440 --> 00:20:41,600
There is this disguising, this playful element to it.
330
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:44,000
He's fighting under an assumed name.
331
00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:47,240
You can make out what that name is with the heart,
332
00:20:47,240 --> 00:20:48,920
that's a "Coeur Loyal".
333
00:20:48,920 --> 00:20:52,240
- He's called "Sir Loyal Heart"?
- That's it, exactly.
334
00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:55,400
So, tell me a bit about the ladies.
335
00:20:55,400 --> 00:20:57,840
The most important lady here, of course, is the Queen.
336
00:20:57,840 --> 00:21:00,440
So, here's Catherine of Aragon, watching.
337
00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:04,640
And here we have this motif of Ks everywhere.
338
00:21:04,640 --> 00:21:07,160
'By calling himself Sir Loyal Heart,
339
00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:09,920
'Henry was declaring his love for Catherine.
340
00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:13,440
'She'd done everything right. She'd given him a son.
341
00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:17,160
'This really was the high point of their marriage.'
342
00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:19,760
And this is the King on the way home again afterwards?
343
00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:23,920
That's right. "Desarmey" - "disarmed", on the way home.
344
00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:25,360
He's out of his armour,
345
00:21:25,360 --> 00:21:28,200
in his golden robe which is very spectacular.
346
00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:33,400
And what I really like is the way you can see his piercing blue gaze
347
00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:37,200
and he's training it straight on the beautiful queen.
348
00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:40,720
He is looking right at the woman he loves.
349
00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,160
Oh! Look at this, all the other ladies are looking at her
350
00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:46,400
and they're going, "Oh, isn't your husband gorgeous?"
351
00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:48,280
You know, you see him here
352
00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:52,000
painted in this, sort of, wonderful work of art.
353
00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:55,120
He's just had his son, so the dynasty is established.
354
00:21:55,120 --> 00:21:57,000
The whole kingdom waited with bated breath
355
00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:59,480
to see what the outcome of that pregnancy would be.
356
00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:02,440
If you've got a son and heir, everyone can relax.
357
00:22:02,440 --> 00:22:04,640
And he is the hero of the day.
358
00:22:04,640 --> 00:22:07,160
He's young, he's incredibly rich,
359
00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:09,120
he's incredibly glamorous and handsome...
360
00:22:09,120 --> 00:22:11,240
And a beautiful wife as well.
361
00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:13,360
What could possibly go wrong(?) PETER LAUGHS
362
00:22:13,360 --> 00:22:14,880
Exactly right.
363
00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:22,840
There were endless celebrations for the royal birth.
364
00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:25,040
But they were all in vain.
365
00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:31,080
At just seven weeks old, Prince Henry sickened and died.
366
00:22:33,320 --> 00:22:36,080
Three barges draped with black cloth
367
00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:40,720
brought a baby's body down the river from Richmond to Westminster
368
00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:43,040
where he was buried in the Abbey.
369
00:22:43,040 --> 00:22:46,440
For Henry, he could hardly bear to talk about it.
370
00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:49,360
One ambassador going in for a meeting with the King
371
00:22:49,360 --> 00:22:51,880
was advised not to mention it,
372
00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:54,680
lest it "revive his grief".
373
00:22:55,760 --> 00:22:59,320
And we're told that Catherine made much lamentation.
374
00:23:00,600 --> 00:23:02,960
She was inconsolable.
375
00:23:02,960 --> 00:23:05,320
She'd now lost two babies.
376
00:23:10,120 --> 00:23:13,200
Catherine is struggling to give the King an heir.
377
00:23:13,200 --> 00:23:15,960
But in pretty much every other respect,
378
00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:18,160
she's still his perfect queen.
379
00:23:18,160 --> 00:23:19,600
It's two years later,
380
00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:21,960
Henry is away fighting the French.
381
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:25,360
This is an on-off war that'll go on throughout his reign.
382
00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:28,440
And in his absence, he's made Catherine regent.
383
00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:30,560
She is running the country.
384
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:32,720
Now, this is quite uncommon.
385
00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:36,680
For me, it's evidence that not only does he still love her,
386
00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:40,280
but also, that he respects her judgment.
387
00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:46,560
With Henry away, the Scottish king, James IV,
388
00:23:46,560 --> 00:23:50,320
has seized an opportunity to invade England.
389
00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:53,480
But he hasn't calculated on the Spanish warrior queen,
390
00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:55,120
Catherine of Aragon.
391
00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:57,000
DOOR OPENS
392
00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:00,600
She's deployed an army of 26,000 Englishmen
393
00:24:00,600 --> 00:24:04,560
and is awaiting news from the battlefield.
394
00:24:07,760 --> 00:24:09,800
Your Highness...
395
00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:12,680
..the Scot is dead.
396
00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:15,280
CHEERING
397
00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:20,680
And what proof is this?
398
00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:23,600
The Earl of Surrey thought it more...palatable
399
00:24:23,600 --> 00:24:25,000
to send his clothing.
400
00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:26,920
LAUGHTER
401
00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:28,440
SHE CHUCKLES
402
00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:29,920
"More palatable"?
403
00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:31,520
For whom?
404
00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:35,680
He was killed on the battlefield in Northumbria yesterday,
405
00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:37,720
along with scores of his men.
406
00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:41,880
The Queen can be assured that this is his blood.
407
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:43,160
That may be so.
408
00:24:43,160 --> 00:24:45,120
But where is the body?
409
00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:48,520
I asked for his head.
410
00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:50,360
Not his coat.
411
00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:53,920
- The body's in London.
- Then have it brought to me.
412
00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:55,640
As you wish, Your Highness.
413
00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:57,520
Majesty.
414
00:24:57,520 --> 00:24:58,960
Your Majesty.
415
00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:06,160
This shall be sent to King Henry.
416
00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:17,520
A reputed 10,000 Scots lie dead on the battlefield -
417
00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:19,920
the invasion defeated.
418
00:25:19,920 --> 00:25:23,560
Catherine's popularity as queen soars,
419
00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:28,280
and the dead king's coat is dispatched to Henry in France.
420
00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:32,320
She'd wanted to send something even better,
421
00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:33,960
as she wrote to Henry...
422
00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:38,080
"I thought to send himself unto you."
423
00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:40,320
By which she means she'd wanted to send
424
00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:42,920
the actual corpse of the dead king.
425
00:25:42,920 --> 00:25:47,440
"But our Englishmen's hearts would not suffer it."
426
00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:49,960
By which, she means her wimpy English servants
427
00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:52,440
had thought that this was a bit too much.
428
00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:56,280
Later on in the letter, she says something rather intriguing.
429
00:25:56,280 --> 00:26:00,760
That she is off to see "Our Lady at Walsingham".
430
00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:11,080
Walsingham in Norfolk
431
00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:13,800
is the site of a religious shrine.
432
00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:15,240
Since the Middle Ages,
433
00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:18,640
it's been associated with fertility and childbirth.
434
00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:21,600
It was a hugely popular place in Tudor times.
435
00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:25,520
Catherine came here in 1513
436
00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:28,080
to pray and give thanks.
437
00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:30,320
She had lots to give thanks for.
438
00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:35,160
There was that victory over the Scots, and, even more significantly,
439
00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:37,240
she was, once again, pregnant.
440
00:26:44,800 --> 00:26:49,040
And Catherine believed that she was in need of God's protection.
441
00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:52,560
This was her third pregnancy in four years of marriage
442
00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:54,840
and she still had no children.
443
00:26:59,880 --> 00:27:04,520
Catherine of Aragon was now 27 years old,
444
00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:07,520
in Tudor terms, that's middle-aged.
445
00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:11,160
Royal women were giving birth at 16, even 15.
446
00:27:11,160 --> 00:27:14,240
In fact, Henry VIII's own grandmother
447
00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:17,560
gave birth to his dad when she was just 13.
448
00:27:17,560 --> 00:27:20,640
So, Catherine was definitely an older mum.
449
00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:25,640
She must have felt like time was running out.
450
00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:36,440
But Catherine's prayers weren't answered.
451
00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:41,280
For the third time, she'd lose the baby.
452
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:48,040
Tragically, it had been a boy.
453
00:27:48,040 --> 00:27:51,280
Catherine's success as queen was now being overshadowed
454
00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:54,560
by her failure to deliver a healthy son.
455
00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:57,480
She was starting to test the King's patience.
456
00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:06,400
As Catherine struggled to bring babies to term,
457
00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:10,120
her husband's fancy started to wander.
458
00:28:10,120 --> 00:28:12,360
There was nothing astonishing about this.
459
00:28:12,360 --> 00:28:17,120
Whenever the Queen was expecting, her health came first - no sex -
460
00:28:17,120 --> 00:28:20,000
but nobody expected Henry to go without.
461
00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:22,360
He looked through his wife's ladies-in-waiting,
462
00:28:22,360 --> 00:28:23,680
women of good family
463
00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:25,840
chosen as the Queen's companions.
464
00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:28,960
And he picked out Bessie Blount.
465
00:28:28,960 --> 00:28:31,720
They started a relationship.
466
00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:35,160
Bessie got pregnant, she even gave birth to a son,
467
00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:38,120
the only downside was that he was illegitimate.
468
00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:41,120
But Henry was proud of him, recognised him,
469
00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:44,000
and gave him the name Henry Fitzroy,
470
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,640
meaning "son of the king".
471
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:49,640
But Bessie Blount's son
472
00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:53,440
can never be the legitimate heir to the throne of England
473
00:28:53,440 --> 00:28:55,960
and the King respects his queen enough
474
00:28:55,960 --> 00:28:58,640
to send Bessie away from Court.
475
00:29:03,600 --> 00:29:06,120
This must have been awful for Catherine,
476
00:29:06,120 --> 00:29:09,960
her husband's mistress giving him a boy, where she'd failed.
477
00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:12,680
But then, after five pregnancies,
478
00:29:12,680 --> 00:29:15,600
four stillbirths, one infant death,
479
00:29:15,600 --> 00:29:17,760
and six years of marriage,
480
00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:19,960
God smiled on Catherine.
481
00:29:19,960 --> 00:29:23,480
She gave birth to a healthy baby who lived.
482
00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:25,320
The only problem was,
483
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:26,520
it was a girl.
484
00:29:28,120 --> 00:29:29,480
Mary?
485
00:29:31,960 --> 00:29:35,360
The Princess Mary is now six years old.
486
00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:37,800
Mary?
487
00:29:37,800 --> 00:29:38,840
Mother?
488
00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:42,480
Since her daughter was born,
489
00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:46,120
Catherine has tried and tried to give Henry the son
490
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:48,240
that he desperately craves.
491
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:51,440
But now, her age is against her.
492
00:29:51,440 --> 00:29:54,440
She's 37 years old.
493
00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:56,560
It looks increasingly likely
494
00:29:56,560 --> 00:29:59,680
that Mary will be her only surviving child.
495
00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:06,160
Henry is putting on a pageant.
496
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:14,320
Catherine's ladies-in-waiting are playing Virtues.
497
00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:16,680
Such as Perseverance,
498
00:30:16,680 --> 00:30:18,720
Beauty, Kindness.
499
00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:21,440
And they await rescue by knights.
500
00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:24,320
Mary?
501
00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:26,680
But the Queen is a spectator.
502
00:30:26,680 --> 00:30:29,360
She hasn't been invited to take part.
503
00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:31,160
Mary?
504
00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:45,200
A more apt description I couldn't imagine.
505
00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:49,360
Although...Beauty would be equally fitting.
506
00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:52,920
Beauty belongs to the King's sister, my lord.
507
00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:54,320
Hm.
508
00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:56,760
THEY CHUCKLE
509
00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:00,840
And mine?
510
00:31:00,840 --> 00:31:02,880
"Ardent Desire".
511
00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:04,520
Quite.
512
00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:07,600
Henry's new love interest is one of two sisters
513
00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:12,160
who've recently arrived at Court as ladies-in-waiting to Catherine.
514
00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:16,240
They're the daughters of a landowner and diplomat, Thomas Boleyn.
515
00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:22,760
This is the beginning of a series of events
516
00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:26,320
that will ultimately destroy the royal marriage.
517
00:31:27,640 --> 00:31:29,920
But this isn't Anne Boleyn.
518
00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:33,760
Catherine's husband is kissing Anne's older sister, Mary.
519
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:47,520
Mary Boleyn grew up here, at Hever Castle in Kent,
520
00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:50,960
along with her brother, George, and her sister, Anne.
521
00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:56,120
Mary and Anne were close in age,
522
00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:58,520
but they were very different girls.
523
00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:02,120
Of the two sisters, everybody thought
524
00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:04,240
that Mary was the more attractive.
525
00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:07,440
She had fair hair, and she was super vivacious.
526
00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:11,080
Anne had dark hair and olive-coloured skin.
527
00:32:11,080 --> 00:32:15,840
It's definitely fair to say that Tudor gentlemen preferred blondes.
528
00:32:15,840 --> 00:32:17,360
Mary was married
529
00:32:17,360 --> 00:32:20,280
to one of Henry's best friends.
530
00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:23,120
But this didn't stop him from pursuing her.
531
00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:24,960
After all, he was the king,
532
00:32:24,960 --> 00:32:26,840
he could have whoever he wanted.
533
00:32:28,280 --> 00:32:31,800
We don't know an awful lot about Henry VIII's affair
534
00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:34,360
with Mary Boleyn, but there is a clue.
535
00:32:34,360 --> 00:32:36,440
A series of mysterious payments
536
00:32:36,440 --> 00:32:40,000
from the Crown to her husband, William Carey.
537
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:43,040
The theory is that that was hush money.
538
00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:47,240
Henry's affair with Mary was explosive, but it was short-lived.
539
00:32:47,240 --> 00:32:48,600
He got bored.
540
00:32:48,600 --> 00:32:52,400
And in any case, his eye had moved on
541
00:32:52,400 --> 00:32:55,080
to Mary's sister, Anne.
542
00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:03,920
It was probably in 1525
543
00:33:03,920 --> 00:33:07,920
that Henry first really noticed Anne Boleyn.
544
00:33:09,040 --> 00:33:11,720
At this point, she was actually betrothed
545
00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:16,040
to somebody else - Henry Percy - and they were probably in love.
546
00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:18,040
But when Henry got to hear about it,
547
00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:22,000
he had his advisers break the couple up.
548
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:24,160
Anne was probably pretty annoyed about this,
549
00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:26,040
but she had to go along with it.
550
00:33:28,240 --> 00:33:31,800
Now that the King's eye had fallen upon her,
551
00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:35,880
I think that Anne looked at the way Henry had treated Bessie Blount
552
00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:37,600
and her own sister, Mary,
553
00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:40,240
and decided that she wasn't going to be
554
00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:42,400
just another mistress like them.
555
00:33:47,280 --> 00:33:50,160
And, in fact, Anne wasn't like anybody else at all.
556
00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:55,480
Compared to her fellow ladies-in-waiting, she was exotic.
557
00:33:55,480 --> 00:34:00,160
She'd been schooled in the refined world of the French court.
558
00:34:05,080 --> 00:34:09,320
This is Chateau Amboise in the heart of the Loire Valley.
559
00:34:09,320 --> 00:34:13,120
Unusually for an English courtier, the teenage Anne
560
00:34:13,120 --> 00:34:17,280
had spent seven years in the royal household of Queen Claude,
561
00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:20,480
the young wife of King Francis I.
562
00:34:22,040 --> 00:34:26,000
Court life in France was different from court life in England.
563
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,360
It was more...sophisticated.
564
00:34:28,360 --> 00:34:30,080
It was sexier,
565
00:34:30,080 --> 00:34:32,280
and some of this rubbed off on Anne.
566
00:34:34,120 --> 00:34:35,640
At the French court,
567
00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:38,440
Anne learnt how to sing, how to dance.
568
00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:41,720
Obviously, how to speak French perfectly.
569
00:34:41,720 --> 00:34:45,440
And she learnt about fashion that was much more seductive
570
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:48,360
and revealing than the English equivalent.
571
00:34:48,360 --> 00:34:51,760
But, most importantly, she learnt a new way of behaving,
572
00:34:51,760 --> 00:34:55,400
flirtatiously and confidently with men.
573
00:34:55,400 --> 00:34:57,280
She picked up this trick
574
00:34:57,280 --> 00:34:58,760
of using her eyes.
575
00:34:58,760 --> 00:35:02,680
It was said that she could... "send them forth as messengers
576
00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:06,600
"to carry the secret witness of the heart".
577
00:35:06,600 --> 00:35:09,680
Anne became indistinguishable, people thought,
578
00:35:09,680 --> 00:35:12,080
from a native-born French lady.
579
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:17,080
And Anne's European sophistication
580
00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:20,440
enchanted the cultured English king.
581
00:35:20,440 --> 00:35:24,760
What really put the seal on Anne's attractiveness was her intelligence.
582
00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:27,640
She was sharp and curious,
583
00:35:27,640 --> 00:35:30,160
and interested in matters of the mind.
584
00:35:30,160 --> 00:35:33,160
So, Anne didn't just flirt with Henry,
585
00:35:33,160 --> 00:35:34,920
she also argued with him
586
00:35:34,920 --> 00:35:38,040
on everything from politics to religion
587
00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:39,520
and he loved it.
588
00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:46,720
It's New Year's Eve, 1527, and the King is receiving gifts.
589
00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:50,160
He's been pursuing Anne Boleyn for well over a year,
590
00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:54,080
but, so far, she's resisted all of his advances.
591
00:35:54,080 --> 00:35:55,880
- COURTIER:
- From Queen Catherine.
592
00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:00,960
Your Majesty.
593
00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:11,440
- And where might the Queen be?
- She's in her chamber,
594
00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:14,400
resting before the celebrations later this evening.
595
00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:21,440
Sent from Anne Boleyn, with her kindest regards, Your Majesty.
596
00:36:36,960 --> 00:36:38,280
Is she here?
597
00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:53,040
This is exquisite.
598
00:36:54,600 --> 00:36:55,640
Thank you.
599
00:36:57,800 --> 00:36:59,520
Tell me of it.
600
00:36:59,520 --> 00:37:01,520
The diamond is the North Star,
601
00:37:01,520 --> 00:37:04,760
the ship's protector, guiding her home.
602
00:37:12,120 --> 00:37:13,400
And the maiden?
603
00:37:14,680 --> 00:37:16,320
Well, despite the rough seas,
604
00:37:16,320 --> 00:37:18,440
she trusts in God that all will be well.
605
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:23,200
The lady is right to have faith.
606
00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:26,160
The storm shall pass.
607
00:37:27,720 --> 00:37:29,760
If she has patience enough.
608
00:37:29,760 --> 00:37:31,560
Or the will to see it through.
609
00:37:36,600 --> 00:37:38,000
I will treasure it.
610
00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:45,360
Please offer my sincere thanks to the bearers of these gifts.
611
00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:48,320
Their generosity is greatly appreciated.
612
00:37:50,240 --> 00:37:52,240
Now!
613
00:37:52,240 --> 00:37:55,960
I feel some air is called for before the celebrations commence.
614
00:37:57,320 --> 00:37:59,720
A walk in the grounds, perhaps?
615
00:38:01,560 --> 00:38:04,760
Anne, would you care to join me?
616
00:38:06,480 --> 00:38:08,120
With pleasure, Your Grace.
617
00:38:19,840 --> 00:38:24,800
- I trust it is your will to walk with me?
- Indeed, it's my pleasure.
618
00:38:24,800 --> 00:38:27,400
I'm far happier on the safety of dry land.
619
00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:33,640
It is such an important moment.
620
00:38:33,640 --> 00:38:37,000
For the first time, Anne's shown that she IS interested in Henry,
621
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:39,360
and she's done it in public too.
622
00:38:39,360 --> 00:38:42,560
Now, Catherine has seen mistresses come and mistresses go.
623
00:38:42,560 --> 00:38:44,560
But this time it's different.
624
00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:46,680
Anne is a real threat.
625
00:38:59,640 --> 00:39:03,600
The best insight that we can get into Henry's growing feelings
626
00:39:03,600 --> 00:39:07,880
for Anne Boleyn comes in the form of 17 love letters,
627
00:39:07,880 --> 00:39:09,240
from him to her.
628
00:39:09,240 --> 00:39:12,160
It's extraordinary that they still survive.
629
00:39:12,160 --> 00:39:13,880
They're here in Rome,
630
00:39:13,880 --> 00:39:15,800
in the Vatican Library.
631
00:39:15,800 --> 00:39:19,800
And, amazingly, I'm the first person who's been allowed in to film them.
632
00:39:19,800 --> 00:39:21,320
It's brilliant!
633
00:39:25,120 --> 00:39:28,640
The letters were almost certainly stolen from Anne Boleyn,
634
00:39:28,640 --> 00:39:32,560
perhaps by a supporter of Queen Catherine.
635
00:39:32,560 --> 00:39:34,760
The Vatican paid a handsome sum of money
636
00:39:34,760 --> 00:39:37,440
to get hold of them in the 17th century.
637
00:39:45,120 --> 00:39:49,360
My guide to the Vatican Archives is Emalia Delascio.
638
00:39:49,360 --> 00:39:52,520
She's the only one allowed to touch the letters.
639
00:39:53,720 --> 00:39:58,160
Emalia, are these really the letters of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn?
640
00:39:58,160 --> 00:40:01,600
- Yes, they are.
- Nearly 500 years old.
641
00:40:02,720 --> 00:40:04,000
I open for you.
642
00:40:06,640 --> 00:40:09,360
This one is the first page.
643
00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:13,840
"Letters of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn."
644
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:17,080
Wow.
645
00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:20,440
This is Henry's own handwriting?
646
00:40:20,440 --> 00:40:21,720
These are all in French,
647
00:40:21,720 --> 00:40:24,320
the language of love, the language of chivalry.
648
00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:30,960
"I'm sending you, by this messenger, my picture set into a bracelet."
649
00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:34,920
- It's a gift, a beautiful gift.
- Yes.
- Very intimate.
650
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:39,720
And this is... Oh!
651
00:40:39,720 --> 00:40:43,000
This one's very romantic.
652
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:44,720
And chivalric.
653
00:40:44,720 --> 00:40:47,640
It's like a knight writing to his lady,
654
00:40:47,640 --> 00:40:53,560
"Henceforth my heart shall be dedicated to you alone.
655
00:40:53,560 --> 00:40:58,080
"And hoping that my body will follow."
656
00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:00,520
This is getting steamy.
657
00:41:00,520 --> 00:41:02,320
He must have really been in love,
658
00:41:02,320 --> 00:41:05,520
because we know that Henry hated to write letters.
659
00:41:05,520 --> 00:41:07,640
- Yes.
- He found it difficult.
660
00:41:07,640 --> 00:41:08,760
He was slow.
661
00:41:08,760 --> 00:41:11,360
But here he is, gushing away.
662
00:41:11,360 --> 00:41:13,280
And here is...
663
00:41:13,280 --> 00:41:16,360
This is wonderful. This is like a little Valentine.
664
00:41:16,360 --> 00:41:22,480
- He chooses no other than Anne Boleyn. AB in the heart.
- AB.
665
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:25,240
And then HR. They're embracing.
666
00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:27,920
AB for Anne Boleyn.
667
00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:30,880
It's beautiful.
668
00:41:35,120 --> 00:41:37,400
Oh, and now, it's changed to English.
669
00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:41,120
"Wishing myself, especially of an evening..."
670
00:41:42,640 --> 00:41:45,400
"..in my sweetheart's arms.
671
00:41:45,400 --> 00:41:50,600
"Written in the hand of him that was, is,
672
00:41:50,600 --> 00:41:54,080
"and shall be yours by his will.
673
00:41:54,080 --> 00:41:56,400
"HR."
674
00:41:57,400 --> 00:41:59,320
In his desire for Anne,
675
00:41:59,320 --> 00:42:02,360
Henry was promising himself to her.
676
00:42:02,360 --> 00:42:06,800
This last letter was nothing short of a marriage proposal.
677
00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:13,800
What's extraordinary about these letters
678
00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:17,440
is that Henry is making a promise he couldn't possibly keep.
679
00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:19,960
He was already married.
680
00:42:19,960 --> 00:42:23,920
They also reveal that Henry and Anne hadn't had sex yet.
681
00:42:23,920 --> 00:42:26,640
Anne was doing what nobody had done before.
682
00:42:26,640 --> 00:42:28,680
She was refusing the King.
683
00:42:29,880 --> 00:42:32,440
Historians have sometimes interpreted this
684
00:42:32,440 --> 00:42:35,360
as tricksy, girlie behaviour on Anne's part.
685
00:42:35,360 --> 00:42:39,040
But I prefer to think that she had a bold strategy, here.
686
00:42:39,040 --> 00:42:40,640
Anne is impressive to us
687
00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:43,600
because she often acts like a modern person,
688
00:42:43,600 --> 00:42:46,960
like somebody with ambitions who knew where she was going.
689
00:42:46,960 --> 00:42:49,960
And I prefer to think that Anne made Henry wait
690
00:42:49,960 --> 00:42:53,320
because she wanted to be Queen of England.
691
00:42:56,240 --> 00:42:59,400
But there already was a hugely popular queen
692
00:42:59,400 --> 00:43:02,720
who was alive and well, and believed it was God's will
693
00:43:02,720 --> 00:43:05,000
that SHE remained Queen of England.
694
00:43:13,320 --> 00:43:16,320
This is St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle,
695
00:43:16,320 --> 00:43:18,640
one of the royal residences.
696
00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:22,360
Catherine worshipped here with Henry.
697
00:43:22,360 --> 00:43:24,240
God was at the heart of their marriage
698
00:43:24,240 --> 00:43:27,440
and Catherine had strived to make a success of it,
699
00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:29,640
and God had given her a daughter, Mary.
700
00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:33,360
Henry wanted a son, though.
701
00:43:33,360 --> 00:43:36,040
And after 18 years of marriage to Catherine,
702
00:43:36,040 --> 00:43:38,760
he now wanted to marry Anne Boleyn.
703
00:43:38,760 --> 00:43:41,720
This meant getting rid of Catherine.
704
00:43:41,720 --> 00:43:44,480
You might wonder why he didn't just get a divorce.
705
00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:46,680
But it wasn't that simple,
706
00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:49,440
because England was still a Catholic country.
707
00:43:50,640 --> 00:43:55,640
Marriage was the vital glue that stuck society together.
708
00:43:55,640 --> 00:43:58,560
Only the Church could sanctify marriage,
709
00:43:58,560 --> 00:44:02,160
and ending marriage was also the Church's preserve.
710
00:44:02,160 --> 00:44:05,560
It was possible to get divorced as a 16th-century person,
711
00:44:05,560 --> 00:44:07,960
but it was difficult, and the problem was
712
00:44:07,960 --> 00:44:10,400
that you could not then marry anybody else,
713
00:44:10,400 --> 00:44:12,520
because marriage was for life.
714
00:44:13,960 --> 00:44:18,280
What Henry needed was an annulment of his marriage to Catherine,
715
00:44:18,280 --> 00:44:20,840
as if it had never existed.
716
00:44:20,840 --> 00:44:25,400
But an annulment was granted only in the rarest of circumstances,
717
00:44:25,400 --> 00:44:28,520
and only by the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope.
718
00:44:30,240 --> 00:44:31,840
In the summer of 1527,
719
00:44:31,840 --> 00:44:35,520
Henry ordered a group of his most trusted advisers
720
00:44:35,520 --> 00:44:39,720
to look into the possibility of getting him an annulment.
721
00:44:39,720 --> 00:44:43,840
They'd have to put together the best possible case to the Pope.
722
00:44:43,840 --> 00:44:48,160
The whole business became known as "the King's great matter".
723
00:44:53,480 --> 00:44:56,480
To try to get the Vatican's agreement,
724
00:44:56,480 --> 00:44:59,080
Henry started to build his case.
725
00:44:59,080 --> 00:45:01,280
There was no mention of Anne Boleyn.
726
00:45:01,280 --> 00:45:04,560
Instead, he would use his wife's previous marriage
727
00:45:04,560 --> 00:45:07,480
to his dead brother, Arthur, against her.
728
00:45:09,680 --> 00:45:13,240
Henry discovered this passage in the Bible -
729
00:45:13,240 --> 00:45:15,400
it's Leviticus 20:21.
730
00:45:15,400 --> 00:45:21,720
"If a man shall take his brother's wife, it is an unclean thing.
731
00:45:21,720 --> 00:45:24,800
"He has uncovered his brother's nakedness."
732
00:45:24,800 --> 00:45:29,200
And this is the key bit. "They shall be childless."
733
00:45:29,200 --> 00:45:33,080
Henry used this to argue that his marriage had been invalid.
734
00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:35,000
It was a kind of incest.
735
00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:39,040
And this was the reason he probably still didn't have a son.
736
00:45:40,440 --> 00:45:43,960
But Catherine had got wind of the "great matter"
737
00:45:43,960 --> 00:45:47,640
and was steeling herself to take on the King.
738
00:45:47,640 --> 00:45:51,000
Because, despite their difficulties,
739
00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:52,760
and his dalliances,
740
00:45:52,760 --> 00:45:55,760
Catherine is determined to oppose Henry -
741
00:45:55,760 --> 00:45:59,720
to stay married and to remain Queen of England.
742
00:46:04,080 --> 00:46:05,360
My lord.
743
00:46:10,800 --> 00:46:14,280
- What is it?
- My conscience troubles me greatly.
744
00:46:14,280 --> 00:46:18,040
- I need to speak with you.
- You need to absolve yourself of something?
745
00:46:18,040 --> 00:46:19,840
I wish to find a way forward.
746
00:46:32,440 --> 00:46:33,920
Be still, please.
747
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:36,040
Speak to me.
748
00:46:37,520 --> 00:46:41,000
For some time now, there's been a vast distance between us.
749
00:46:41,000 --> 00:46:43,120
And what do you believe the cause to be?
750
00:46:43,120 --> 00:46:44,960
"Causes".
751
00:46:44,960 --> 00:46:46,400
A number.
752
00:46:46,400 --> 00:46:49,440
- SHARPLY:
- As far as I understand it, there is only one.
753
00:46:49,440 --> 00:46:51,440
It's a complicated matter.
754
00:46:51,440 --> 00:46:53,560
We cannot continue to ignore it.
755
00:46:53,560 --> 00:46:54,920
I agree.
756
00:46:56,080 --> 00:46:59,480
Following much consideration, the conclusion is this.
757
00:46:59,480 --> 00:47:00,840
I wish for us to live apart.
758
00:47:02,600 --> 00:47:04,760
No longer as king and queen.
759
00:47:04,760 --> 00:47:06,560
A separation.
760
00:47:06,560 --> 00:47:09,440
We cannot be separated.
761
00:47:09,440 --> 00:47:13,360
We knelt before Christ and took vows. That can't be undone.
762
00:47:13,360 --> 00:47:16,640
It's possible. I've taken advice on the matter.
763
00:47:20,240 --> 00:47:21,520
My lord...
764
00:47:24,080 --> 00:47:26,400
..look me in the eyes and tell me our marriage
765
00:47:26,400 --> 00:47:30,200
- has not been a happy one.
- We must be honest with ourselves.
766
00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:32,360
It's been cursed from the start.
767
00:47:32,360 --> 00:47:34,600
In the eyes of the Church, you are my sister!
768
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:37,080
Then the Church is blind!
769
00:47:37,080 --> 00:47:39,680
My marriage to Arthur was never binding,
770
00:47:39,680 --> 00:47:41,880
because we did not lie together.
771
00:47:41,880 --> 00:47:44,280
You are my one, true husband!
772
00:47:45,920 --> 00:47:49,080
Grant me the respect I deserve, and please don't dismiss me.
773
00:47:49,080 --> 00:47:52,760
- I would never dismiss you.
- No, but you're prepared to cast me aside
774
00:47:52,760 --> 00:47:54,960
in order to marry another woman.
775
00:47:56,520 --> 00:47:58,680
You wish to talk about honesty?
776
00:47:58,680 --> 00:48:00,000
I'm not a fool.
777
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:02,120
Speak the plain truth,
778
00:48:02,120 --> 00:48:04,760
and do not use our Church for your own gains.
779
00:48:04,760 --> 00:48:07,760
Catherine, why do you choose to make this harder than it need be?
780
00:48:07,760 --> 00:48:09,400
You think this should be easy?
781
00:48:11,200 --> 00:48:13,360
Six children born!
782
00:48:13,360 --> 00:48:14,720
Five of them dead!
783
00:48:14,720 --> 00:48:16,280
SHE GASPS
784
00:48:17,320 --> 00:48:21,280
A life lived in loyal and unswerving devotion. All for nothing?
785
00:48:21,280 --> 00:48:23,920
Did you really imagine I might bid you farewell
786
00:48:23,920 --> 00:48:26,880
with a smile on my face? What did you expect from me?
787
00:48:26,880 --> 00:48:28,040
Respect!
788
00:48:29,280 --> 00:48:30,960
For your king's wishes.
789
00:48:30,960 --> 00:48:34,520
What about respect for your queen and daughter?!
790
00:48:34,520 --> 00:48:36,360
You'll want for nothing.
791
00:48:36,360 --> 00:48:37,560
I promise.
792
00:48:37,560 --> 00:48:39,000
How can you say that?
793
00:48:40,200 --> 00:48:41,720
I want you.
794
00:48:44,160 --> 00:48:45,640
Catherine, I beg...
795
00:48:45,640 --> 00:48:47,280
keep your dignity.
796
00:48:52,120 --> 00:48:53,400
Christ forgive you.
797
00:48:59,240 --> 00:49:02,440
Catherine believed her marriage to Henry
798
00:49:02,440 --> 00:49:04,840
was a union preordained by God.
799
00:49:04,840 --> 00:49:08,840
Yet, she also knew that Henry got what Henry wanted.
800
00:49:09,880 --> 00:49:11,840
But even with his cunning plan,
801
00:49:11,840 --> 00:49:14,360
his cherry-picked biblical arguments,
802
00:49:14,360 --> 00:49:16,600
it will be harder to end his marriage
803
00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:19,200
than Henry could ever have imagined.
804
00:49:19,200 --> 00:49:22,120
The Pope may have been head of the Church,
805
00:49:22,120 --> 00:49:25,280
but he wasn't the most powerful man in Europe.
806
00:49:28,040 --> 00:49:32,120
That man was the leader of the Holy Roman Empire,
807
00:49:32,120 --> 00:49:34,760
Charles V, who was busy conquering Europe.
808
00:49:36,720 --> 00:49:41,000
In 1527, Charles invaded Rome.
809
00:49:41,000 --> 00:49:45,160
The Pope was holed up here in the Castel Sant'Angelo.
810
00:49:45,160 --> 00:49:48,760
Now, obviously, this was highly inconvenient for the Pope,
811
00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:52,080
but it was a diplomatic nightmare for Henry.
812
00:49:52,080 --> 00:49:55,040
Because Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor,
813
00:49:55,040 --> 00:49:57,240
who now had the Pope in his power,
814
00:49:57,240 --> 00:49:59,680
was Catherine of Aragon's nephew.
815
00:50:01,160 --> 00:50:03,280
This was the perfect opportunity
816
00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:06,120
for Catherine to use her family connections
817
00:50:06,120 --> 00:50:08,760
and to build a few alliances of her own.
818
00:50:15,000 --> 00:50:18,720
First off, she wrote to her nephew, Emperor Charles V,
819
00:50:18,720 --> 00:50:20,880
asking for his support.
820
00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:22,240
And she got it.
821
00:50:22,240 --> 00:50:24,840
Then, she challenged Henry's argument
822
00:50:24,840 --> 00:50:28,880
that their marriage had been invalid under Church law.
823
00:50:28,880 --> 00:50:32,400
That's the whole "don't marry your dead brother's wife" thing.
824
00:50:32,400 --> 00:50:36,000
Catherine said that when she'd married Prince Arthur,
825
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:37,440
they'd never had sex.
826
00:50:37,440 --> 00:50:41,160
The marriage was unconsummated, therefore, invalid -
827
00:50:41,160 --> 00:50:43,840
therefore, Henry's case was invalid.
828
00:50:43,840 --> 00:50:46,600
And what about the Pope? What did he say?
829
00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:48,880
Well, he just kept stalling.
830
00:50:48,880 --> 00:50:51,960
He didn't say one thing or the other.
831
00:50:51,960 --> 00:50:54,840
It looked like Catherine had won the battle.
832
00:50:54,840 --> 00:50:59,000
But Henry hadn't given up hope of winning the war.
833
00:51:05,640 --> 00:51:09,520
For three years, Catherine had successfully blocked
834
00:51:09,520 --> 00:51:12,560
Henry's attempts to end their marriage.
835
00:51:12,560 --> 00:51:17,200
In May 1528, Henry tries a different tactic.
836
00:51:18,280 --> 00:51:20,400
Provocatively, Anne's been moved
837
00:51:20,400 --> 00:51:23,800
into her own apartments inside the Palace of Greenwich.
838
00:51:23,800 --> 00:51:28,040
It's becoming clear that there are three people in this marriage.
839
00:51:28,040 --> 00:51:30,520
It's getting pretty crowded.
840
00:51:31,560 --> 00:51:35,240
It's as if there are two queens under one roof.
841
00:51:35,240 --> 00:51:38,720
There's Anne who has Henry's heart and his hopes,
842
00:51:38,720 --> 00:51:41,080
and Catherine, his faithful wife,
843
00:51:41,080 --> 00:51:44,000
who thinks that she has the ultimate power,
844
00:51:44,000 --> 00:51:46,920
the power of the Church, on her side.
845
00:51:55,440 --> 00:51:58,600
Henry was still claiming that, in the eyes of God,
846
00:51:58,600 --> 00:52:02,400
Catherine was technically his sister, not his wife.
847
00:52:03,560 --> 00:52:05,920
On the 21st June, 1529,
848
00:52:05,920 --> 00:52:08,920
after two years of deadlock,
849
00:52:08,920 --> 00:52:13,320
he launched what he hoped would be a fatal blow to Catherine.
850
00:52:13,320 --> 00:52:16,960
He convened a special public court to hear his case
851
00:52:16,960 --> 00:52:20,520
and he invited senior clerics from England and Rome.
852
00:52:22,160 --> 00:52:25,760
It took place, here, in Blackfriars, London.
853
00:52:25,760 --> 00:52:28,600
Anne Boleyn had been sent off to the countryside
854
00:52:28,600 --> 00:52:32,000
to get her out of the way, because Henry needed to convince everybody
855
00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:35,000
that his reason for wanting to end his marriage
856
00:52:35,000 --> 00:52:37,120
was nothing to do with her at all.
857
00:52:37,120 --> 00:52:39,240
Catherine knew otherwise,
858
00:52:39,240 --> 00:52:44,640
and the Queen insisted on giving evidence in person, in open court.
859
00:52:51,800 --> 00:52:55,400
Henry expects the clerics to grant him his annulment.
860
00:52:56,600 --> 00:52:59,520
But Catherine's about to take a huge gamble,
861
00:52:59,520 --> 00:53:03,560
and publicly put her case to the Pope's representative,
862
00:53:03,560 --> 00:53:05,520
and to the King himself.
863
00:53:11,400 --> 00:53:12,920
My lord...
864
00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:18,520
I appeal to your conscience
865
00:53:18,520 --> 00:53:21,480
to show me the compassion and justice I deserve
866
00:53:21,480 --> 00:53:23,120
as your one, true wife.
867
00:53:23,120 --> 00:53:27,960
To honour the years I have dedicated to you and you alone.
868
00:53:27,960 --> 00:53:30,480
The loyalty I have shown,
869
00:53:30,480 --> 00:53:32,400
and above all else,
870
00:53:32,400 --> 00:53:34,120
the love I have...
871
00:53:35,360 --> 00:53:37,840
..which will never die.
872
00:53:42,320 --> 00:53:44,000
For the love of God,
873
00:53:44,000 --> 00:53:46,840
in your heart, you must know there is no other
874
00:53:46,840 --> 00:53:50,640
in whom you can pledge your trust with such confidence.
875
00:53:50,640 --> 00:53:53,760
Our long history has proved that to you, surely?
876
00:53:55,280 --> 00:53:58,080
I have been a true,
877
00:53:58,080 --> 00:54:00,480
humble and obedient wife.
878
00:54:01,760 --> 00:54:04,600
I came to you as a true maid.
879
00:54:05,840 --> 00:54:07,360
Untouched by man.
880
00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:11,280
And whether it is true or not,
881
00:54:11,280 --> 00:54:13,000
I put it to your conscience
882
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:17,440
that if there is any just cause by law that you can put against me
883
00:54:17,440 --> 00:54:19,040
of either dishonesty,
884
00:54:19,040 --> 00:54:20,880
or any other impediment,
885
00:54:20,880 --> 00:54:24,320
then I am content to depart to my shame and dishonour.
886
00:54:25,800 --> 00:54:27,600
But if there is none...
887
00:54:29,320 --> 00:54:31,240
..then I beg of you,
888
00:54:31,240 --> 00:54:34,760
let me remain in this estate.
889
00:54:40,920 --> 00:54:44,480
I implore you...to consider your actions today.
890
00:54:45,840 --> 00:54:50,000
But also to know that, regardless of the decision you make,
891
00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:52,960
I remain your devoted servant.
892
00:54:55,160 --> 00:54:57,520
And you remain
893
00:54:57,520 --> 00:55:00,480
my one, true husband.
894
00:55:11,400 --> 00:55:14,320
To God, I commit my cause.
895
00:55:27,320 --> 00:55:31,080
- COURTIER:
- Catherine, Queen of England, return to this court!
896
00:55:34,640 --> 00:55:37,520
The Pope's emissary went back to Rome
897
00:55:37,520 --> 00:55:41,160
without granting an annulment to the marriage.
898
00:55:41,160 --> 00:55:45,160
People sometimes forget what a setback this was for Henry.
899
00:55:45,160 --> 00:55:47,400
He'd achieved absolutely nothing
900
00:55:47,400 --> 00:55:51,360
apart from being publicly humiliated by his wife.
901
00:55:51,360 --> 00:55:55,680
And I think that this was Catherine's defining moment.
902
00:55:55,680 --> 00:55:57,520
She used her passion,
903
00:55:57,520 --> 00:56:01,360
and her intelligence to defend her marriage.
904
00:56:01,360 --> 00:56:04,320
She'd won the fight to hold on to her crown.
905
00:56:04,320 --> 00:56:05,760
At least for now.
906
00:56:08,200 --> 00:56:09,440
Am I too late?
907
00:56:09,440 --> 00:56:11,720
Please tell me I am not too late?
908
00:56:11,720 --> 00:56:15,480
Catherine of Aragon will be cruelly punished for challenging the King,
909
00:56:15,480 --> 00:56:19,280
and sent into exile to die.
910
00:56:19,280 --> 00:56:23,200
Henry will defy the Church to marry Anne Boleyn.
911
00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:26,600
The entire kingdom harbours hatred towards me.
912
00:56:26,600 --> 00:56:31,800
But it won't be long before his eyes, again, begin to wander...
913
00:56:31,800 --> 00:56:35,240
Surely I deserve your respect, my lord?
914
00:56:35,240 --> 00:56:39,440
..and Anne is not a woman to turn a blind eye.
915
00:56:39,440 --> 00:56:43,280
I'm going to show you a driven, highly intelligent queen,
916
00:56:43,280 --> 00:56:46,520
who thought that she could take on the King of England...
917
00:56:46,520 --> 00:56:48,800
What I mean to say is this,
918
00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:52,400
that if something were to happen to the King, you'd look to marry me.
919
00:56:52,400 --> 00:56:56,480
..but who miscalculated with dreadful consequences.
920
00:56:56,480 --> 00:56:58,320
All this for so little a neck.
66843
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