All language subtitles for 04. About Space

Hello. Thank you for watching Section 2.

I would like to review the content of the last video.

In the last video, I explained about the screen.

I explained how to place the basic screen,

and how to change the size according to the purpose.

I learned that the screen gives a different impression depending on the size of the person.

Next, I explained about the overlap and drop-off method.

It was a content that uses overlaps and drop-offs well to form the screen.

In this course, I will focus on the second element, depth, and explain it.

I will explain the depth, space, and perspective to express the space and perspective.

Depth in a picture is the sense of distance due to the illusion.

In order to draw a picture with a clear sense of reality, you have to give the screen a sense of depth.

One way to do this is to overlap things.

The other is to draw as small as possible from eye to eye.

Let's look at this illustration.

This illustration shows the person in front of me in red,

and the object in front of me,

and the background shown in blue,

and the city behind it as a circle.

By doing this, you can get a sense of perspective.

If you look closely at the city, you can see that it is drawn as small as possible.

In a landscape that spreads over several kilometers, the farther it gets, the blurrier the shape becomes.

Now, let's look at the placement of the person with a sense of depth.

I'd like to actually draw it and explain it.

First, use a straight ruler to draw the place where it hits the ground.

Then, draw the person on top of this.

It's pretty rough, but I think you can see that it's a human.

Three people have appeared.

First, this is the first example.

In this example, it is placed in a parallel line.

So it's a flat impression.

How do you get rid of this flat impression?

Copy this and use the Selection tool.

This is a tool called Throw Selection.

Let's move on.

The further you go, the smaller it gets.

Use the Expand and Shrink tool to make it a little smaller.

I arranged it like this.

This time, it's like this.

I arranged it in a straight line diagonally to the back.

In this case, you can feel a little depth.

The person is lined up in a straight line, so it's a bit of a flat impression.

I'm sorry, I forgot to place the ground.

If you place the ground, it's like this.

And the next pattern.

Place the ground and copy and paste.

Next, let's add more rhythm.

Bring the person in the middle to the front.

It comes to the front, so the size gets bigger.

And the person on the left facing the screen.

Let's put it in the back on the second one.

Let's put the person on the right facing the screen in the back.

This time, I arranged them overlapped and placed them in the back.

I think it's going to look like this.

The person is overlapped, and the rhythm comes out, and you can feel the depth.

You can also avoid monotonousness.

I think it's good to arrange it like this.

In this way, the method of overlapping, erasing, and reducing the distance is an effective way to create a sense of perspective.

However, if you want to create a sense of depth, you need to draw the attention of the viewer.

Let's take a look at some examples.

This is an illustration of a mountain, a river, a yacht, and grass.

First of all, the shape of the mountain and the position and shape of the yacht are similar,

and the paralleled top of the yacht overlaps the opposite shoreline, giving it a cramped impression.

On the other hand, the grass in the foreground and the rhythm of the river lead the viewer to the back of the screen.

I think the overlapping mountains and the position of the yacht give depth.

If you don't have a particular reason, you should avoid arranging objects in a straight line or focusing them on a part of the space.

I think it's a good way to draw attention to various changes.

Now, I'd like to talk about perspective.

The rule of perspective is based on a simple observation.

The smaller the object or a part of the object, the further away it looks from the eye.

What I mean by that is, look at this picture.

There are a lot of stardust in this picture.

If you look closely at this stardust, you can see that it gets smaller as it moves away.

Height, width, and thickness are all proportional to each other.

This rule applies to both people and houses.

I divided the colors to make it easier to understand.

You can see that the red and blue sides are getting smaller as they move away.

And here's the next picture.

Take a look at this.

It's a picture of a certain town.

The effect of this distance can be confirmed by looking at the townscape nearby.

As the distance gets farther, the overall shape of the object,

each part, each sense of symmetry, and the space are reduced in the same way.

For example, if you look at the position of the light bulb,

you can see that the more it goes back, the narrower the space is.

I'll put the picture back.

If you can see that the distance and the size are getting smaller,

you'll notice that the object is shrinking to a certain level or height.

And let's pay attention to this line.

This blue line is called the eye level.

It's also called the horizon line.

Let's take a look at another picture that's a little easier to understand.

This is a picture of a field.

If you look at the picture of this field,

you can see that all the lines are concentrated towards this blue line.

It looks like this.

This concentrated part is called the vanishing point.

This vanishing point is always somewhere on the eye level, the horizon line.

Now I'm going to explain how to draw the vanishing point.

This is also called the perspective.

Let's draw it.

I'm going to use the rectangle tool to draw a rectangle.

And I'm going to draw an eye level on a random part.

The eye level is the height of your eyes.

And then I'll decide the vanishing point.

And I'm going to draw a line where the vanishing point and the wall meet.

And I'm going to delete this.

Doesn't it look like a room?

And next, let's put a desk in this room.

From this vanishing point,

I'm going to draw a line like this,

and I'm going to draw a line next to the desk.

And I'm going to draw a foot.

And I'm going to erase the unnecessary part.

I put the desk.

This is the shape of the desk on this perspective.

I'll erase this too.

Now you can see the perspective of the desk in the room.

You can draw a line from the vanishing point like this.

All the lines running towards the back of the screen

look like they're focused on one of the vanishing points on the eye level.

This effect is called the one-point perspective.

Except for the parallel lines going to the back,

the lines running to the side are not focused and remain parallel.

It's this line.

This side is parallel.

Now, next.

Let's take a look at the next picture.

In this picture, the eye level is around here.

And the lines of the track, the platform, the roof, and the train are parallel.

And the lines of the roof, the track, and the platform

are all focused on one point.

So the vanishing point is around here.

Next, I'd like to explain the two-point perspective.

Take a look at this picture.

It's a little off to the left, but it makes sense.

If you look at it from the position where you can see the two sides of the building,

the parallel lines on both sides gather at the vanishing point of the eye level.

First, the eye level is around here.

And if you follow the side of the house and draw a line,

it will converge to the eye level like this.

And the other side.

There is also this side, so if you connect this side,

two vanishing points appear like this.

So, since there are two vanishing points,

it is called the two-point perspective.

Next, I will explain the three-point perspective.

If you come this far, you can imagine that there will be three vanishing points next.

Take a look at this picture of the building on the left.

First, the eye level is around here.

And if you draw a line along this side,

it will hit this point on the eye level.

And if you draw this side, it will hit here,

and points that converge to the top will appear along this side.

Three vanishing points appear like this.

The three vanishing points are called the three-point perspective.

This is the explanation of the three-point perspective,

but when you draw a target according to the perspective,

you need to draw it so that the proportions look accurate.

I will now explain how to measure for that.

When there are a lot of layers like this,

you can select all the layers and put them in a layer folder.

If you store it like this, it will look neat.

If you press the eye button, you can also hide it.

So I'm going to draw a box.

I'm using the two-point perspective to draw a box.

To make it easier to understand the three-dimensional effect,

I'm going to draw a shadow on one side.

Here is a box.

Where is the center of this white surface?

In order to guide it,

I'm going to draw this corner.

I'm going to connect the corners from the corners.

This intersecting line is the center point.

For example, let's draw another box.

The extreme shape may be interesting.

Next, let's try a box with a slightly different shape.

First, draw the eye level.

I'm going to draw the side of the box.

I'm going to make a cube from the two-point perspective.

I'm going to draw a shadow.

Let's take a look at the center of this box.

It's here.

There is a way to find the center point in this way.

You can also draw it so that the pillars are lined up evenly.

Let's draw it.

First, draw the eye level.

And I'm going to draw two lines in a suitable position.

This intersecting line is the vanishing point.

And I'm going to draw two pillars in a suitable position.

And I'm going to draw a line from the center point to the vanishing point.

And I'm going to draw a line from the top of the first pillar to the center of the second pillar.

And I'm going to draw a third line where this line intersects.

And I'm going to draw a line from the top of the first pillar to the center of the second pillar.

And I'm going to draw a third line where this line intersects.

I'm going to draw it in the same way as before.

And you can also draw shadows using the perspective method.

How do you draw it?

First, let's look at this picture.

And I'm going to find this vanishing point.

I'm going to draw a line from the corner to the vanishing point.

And I'm going to put a light source right above this vanishing point.

Because light travels straight, I'm going to draw a line from the vanishing point to the corner of the box.

And I'm going to draw a line where this line intersects.

And this square is the direction of the shadow length when the light source is here.

Finally, I would like to explain how to draw a person on the perspective method.

The height of a person is also a parameter.

For example, the height of a tree is easier to understand than a person standing next to it.

If it's a building, you can judge whether it's big or small by comparing the person going in there and the building, and the person going in there and the door, so you can judge whether it's big or small.

Now, let's draw again.

First of all, there is a person named A here.

In this case, the eye level is around here.

And from the top of the head to the bottom of the feet, draw a line like this to guide the vanishing point.

Draw a line between the red lines of this line.

It's this height.

If a person the same height as this A was at this point, it would be this size.

If you want to draw a person about 10 cm tall, it's around here, so draw a line towards the vanishing point as the top of the head, and draw a person at the vertical line that connects here.

If you draw it in this position, you can draw that a person who is 10 cm short is here.

Now, if you want to draw a person in this space on the left,

in that case, draw a line right next to the first two red lines.

The length of the vertical line at this point does not change, so the distance from here to this point is the height of the person here.

This is also the case of the same height as A.

Now, if you want to draw a person sitting down,

First, decide where you want to draw the person sitting down.

Let's do it around here.

If you want to draw a person sitting around here,

First, I'd like to ask for the height of the person standing.

Draw a line right next to this line and draw it here.

If you're standing, the length of the person is from here to here.

But if you sit down, the length of the person is usually half the length.

The center of gravity is around here, so put your head around here.

The person is sitting with his legs bent.

There is also a way to draw like this.

This is the explanation using the perspective method.

It may be a little difficult to get used to, but I think it's pretty difficult.

I'm sure you'll get used to it as you draw.

Let's do our best!

Then, Section 2, Depth, will end here.

Thank you for watching until the end.

In the next lecture, I'll explain about lines.

Thank you again.