All language subtitles for Lucy Worsley Mozarts London Odyssey

af Afrikaans
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bn Bengali
bs Bosnian
bg Bulgarian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
km Khmer
ko Korean
ku Kurdish (Kurmanji)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Lao
la Latin
lv Latvian
lt Lithuanian
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
ne Nepali
no Norwegian
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt Portuguese
pa Punjabi
ro Romanian
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
st Sesotho
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhala
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish Download
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
te Telugu
th Thai
tr Turkish
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
or Odia (Oriya)
rw Kinyarwanda
tk Turkmen
tt Tatar
ug Uyghur
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,480 --> 00:00:09,600 London, 1765. 2 00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:19,080 A scientist had been granted access to an extraordinary specimen. 3 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,600 It was said to possess magical abilities 4 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:27,720 never before seen in the natural world. 5 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:34,960 But this specimen did not belong to the animal kingdom. 6 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:39,520 It was in fact a little boy 7 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:42,520 by the name of Wolfgang 8 00:00:42,520 --> 00:00:43,920 Amadeus 9 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:45,840 Mozart. 10 00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:52,640 And he was now to be the subject of a rigorous examination. 11 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:01,840 With Wolfgang at the keyboard, the scientist went about his work. 12 00:01:03,560 --> 00:01:06,880 He scrutinised Wolfgang's technique, 13 00:01:06,880 --> 00:01:09,400 he dissected his compositions, 14 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:12,360 placing the boy on musical trial. 15 00:01:13,960 --> 00:01:18,720 But what had Mozart done to deserve such an interrogation? 16 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:22,600 It was all because of this. 17 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:25,480 MUSIC: Symphony No.1 by Mozart 18 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:32,040 While in London, and at just eight years of age, 19 00:01:32,040 --> 00:01:35,280 Mozart had composed this... 20 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:38,080 his first ever symphony. 21 00:01:41,040 --> 00:01:45,560 It was such an extraordinary achievement by such a young boy 22 00:01:45,560 --> 00:01:48,680 that few people believed that he'd really done it. 23 00:01:50,560 --> 00:01:52,760 That's just beautiful. 24 00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:56,080 I can't quite believe that there hasn't been some sort of trick 25 00:01:56,080 --> 00:02:00,160 or scam here. I just can't believe that he was only eight years old. 26 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:06,960 But it was true, and this is the fascinating story of the 27 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:12,760 pivotal year that little Mozart and his family spent in London. 28 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:18,920 Mozart found it more difficult than he expected when he came to London. 29 00:02:18,920 --> 00:02:23,960 What began with the thrill of a royal performance ended... 30 00:02:23,960 --> 00:02:25,640 in an unexpected way. 31 00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:30,040 But it was here in London 32 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:33,960 that Mozart found musical inspiration. 33 00:02:33,960 --> 00:02:37,160 I think there is a sense that the musical style that he was 34 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:40,720 imbibing in London was one that would hold him 35 00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:43,040 in good stead for the whole of his career. 36 00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:46,960 And it was here, 250 years ago, 37 00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:50,880 that Mozart made a musical breakthrough, 38 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:54,760 blossoming from a child prodigy performer 39 00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:57,520 into a powerful new composer. 40 00:02:57,520 --> 00:03:00,680 His adventures in London changed Mozart's life 41 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:04,520 and would change the history of music for ever. 42 00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:17,880 I'm lucky enough to work at Hampton Court Palace... 43 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:19,520 PIANO PLAYS 44 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:22,680 ..and when our visitors have left the building and the gates have 45 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:27,760 been locked, I can often be found playing at the Chapel Royal's piano. 46 00:03:31,720 --> 00:03:35,520 For me, tickling the ivories with a little bit of Mozart 47 00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:38,120 is one of life's pleasures. 48 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:40,960 But I have to confess that when I was much younger, 49 00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:44,440 I found Mozart's music a real challenge. 50 00:03:44,440 --> 00:03:49,520 When I was learning the piano, all I really wanted to play was big, 51 00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:53,680 gushy, romantic music with lots of pedal, like this. 52 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:04,200 But, because my hands were quite small, 53 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:07,080 my teacher always made me play Mozart. 54 00:04:07,080 --> 00:04:11,360 I thought that it was prissy, uptight, little-girl music, 55 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:14,120 and because I had to spend so much time with Mozart 56 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:16,080 when I wanted to be somewhere else, 57 00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:18,320 he was my arch nemesis. 58 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:26,200 These hands just weren't nimble enough. 59 00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:29,480 Let's face it, they still aren't, really! 60 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:33,040 Though I still haven't mastered Mozart, I've come to appreciate 61 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:38,000 his amazing gifts and the great music that he's given to the world. 62 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:44,400 And what's astounding is the fact that he was writing completed, 63 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:49,120 perfect pieces of music at the age of just eight years old. 64 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:53,680 And when he grew up, he fulfilled all expectations - he's given us 65 00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:57,200 some of the greatest symphonies and concertos 66 00:04:57,200 --> 00:05:00,800 and just plain tunes that the world's ever known. 67 00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:03,600 He really was a genius. 68 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:10,600 But it was in London that Mozart gave us 69 00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:14,520 the first signs that he would become a great composer. 70 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:17,960 When other eight-year-old boys 71 00:05:17,960 --> 00:05:20,640 were at home playing with their tin soldiers, 72 00:05:20,640 --> 00:05:23,960 little Mozart was whisked away to a foreign land where 73 00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:27,320 he'd compose his very first symphony. 74 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:30,840 It's an extraordinary tale, 75 00:05:30,840 --> 00:05:35,560 and it begins in Mozart's hometown of Salzburg. 76 00:05:35,560 --> 00:05:39,040 MUSIC: The Magic Flute Overture by Mozart 77 00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:54,800 18th-century Salzburg was a small but proud principality, 78 00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:58,760 nestling in the foothills of the Austrian Alps. 79 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:06,480 As you make your way along the narrow and winding streets, 80 00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:10,600 you'll come across a grocer's shop and up above it was 81 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:14,840 the rented apartment that was the home of the family Mozart. 82 00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:23,880 Long before Wolfgang was even a twinkle in his father's eye, 83 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:26,760 music was made here both day and night. 84 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:31,840 His mother, Anna Maria, could both read and play. 85 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:36,840 Their daughter Nannerl was an exceptional keyboard performer. 86 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:42,280 And at the helm of family life was Leopold - court musician, 87 00:06:42,280 --> 00:06:46,960 composer and, above all, master music teacher. 88 00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:54,960 Now, even if Leopold hadn't been Wolfgang's dad, 89 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:57,440 we'd still know his name today, 90 00:06:57,440 --> 00:06:59,520 because of this venture. 91 00:06:59,520 --> 00:07:02,840 This is the first edition of a book he published called 92 00:07:02,840 --> 00:07:05,040 The Violin School. 93 00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:08,600 Here's Leopold himself, proudly hogging the frontispiece. 94 00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:12,120 It's a series of tutorials for learning to play the violin. 95 00:07:12,120 --> 00:07:14,640 And as you work through the exercises, 96 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:18,200 Leopold gets tougher and tougher with you. 97 00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:21,440 But people liked this, the book was a bestseller. 98 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:23,840 It made him quite a lot of money. 99 00:07:23,840 --> 00:07:25,160 And it's lasted. 100 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:26,960 If you've studied the violin, 101 00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:30,240 to this day, it's likely that at one point or another, 102 00:07:30,240 --> 00:07:35,560 you will have played one of Leopold's difficult exercises. 103 00:07:39,320 --> 00:07:40,960 With a success like this, 104 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:44,840 the Mozart family's life seems to be on a comfortable path. 105 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:51,480 But in 1756, the very same year that this book was published, 106 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,960 their lives would be irrevocably changed. 107 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:06,040 It was at eight o'clock on the evening of 27th January that 108 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:10,160 Anna Maria gave birth to a very special child. 109 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:15,720 He was their seventh, 110 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:19,640 but five of his predecessors had died in infancy. 111 00:08:21,920 --> 00:08:23,680 As devout Catholics, 112 00:08:23,680 --> 00:08:27,480 the Mozarts had the boy baptised that very same night. 113 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:34,960 And the name they chose was Wolfgang Mozart. 114 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:40,840 As he grew up surrounded by music, 115 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:45,240 he soon began to display extraordinary talents. 116 00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:53,840 Horst Rieschenbock is a Mozart obsessive and he knows how 117 00:08:53,840 --> 00:08:58,320 little Wolfgang gave the first indication of his musical genius. 118 00:08:58,320 --> 00:09:02,160 Horst, can you tell me what's special about this piece of music? 119 00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:05,840 It is out of the notebook Leopold collected for Nannerl, 120 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:08,920 and Wolfgang heard the piece and wanted to play it, too. 121 00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:13,040 It was surprising for Leopold that this young boy, only four years old, 122 00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:17,880 was able to learn it - learn to play it in half an hour at night. 123 00:09:17,880 --> 00:09:19,880 - In half an hour? - Yes. 124 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:22,840 - It only took him half an hour to learn this piece? - Exactly. 125 00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:26,680 Actually to play that. He didn't memorise it, he just played it. 126 00:09:26,680 --> 00:09:29,080 It was surprising for Leopold. 127 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:32,760 So Leopold wrote into the notebook, 128 00:09:32,760 --> 00:09:38,000 "Wolfgang learnt this piece on January 24th 1761, 129 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:43,920 "three days before his fifth year, between 9 and 9.30 in the evening." 130 00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:46,600 - Impressive. - Yes, it's unbelievable for us. 131 00:09:46,600 --> 00:09:49,120 What is half an hour for such a piece? 132 00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:52,200 What do you think it was like for Leopold? 133 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:54,960 For Leopold was surprising - 134 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:58,680 I think he couldn't understand what Wolfgang actually was. 135 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,640 Shall we see how a 40-year-old can do it? 136 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:05,120 - You're 40 years old? - I am! 137 00:10:17,520 --> 00:10:22,400 As Leopold watched his son breeze through evermore complex pieces, 138 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:27,320 he began to plan an epic journey across Europe. 139 00:10:27,320 --> 00:10:30,800 Believing his son to be a genuine gift from God, 140 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:34,000 he wanted to exhibit Wolfgang's talents to the world. 141 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:37,880 And as was common for any 18th-century musician, 142 00:10:37,880 --> 00:10:42,320 he hoped to secure a lucrative position for Wolfgang at one 143 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:45,840 of Europe's wealthy royal courts. 144 00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:52,120 But travel in the 18th century was no mean feat. 145 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:57,080 The Mozart family would have packed up a huge 146 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:00,160 amount of luggage for their journey into the unknown. 147 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:04,520 As well as their clothes and the letters of introduction, 148 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:06,880 a telescope would have been useful 149 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:10,640 for spying out the way on strange roads. 150 00:11:10,640 --> 00:11:13,960 I think I can see a highwayman over there(!) 151 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:17,840 They could expect to be paid in all sorts of different currencies, 152 00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:20,600 and that's where the scales comes in. 153 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:25,320 If a dodgy-looking Frenchman gives you a Louis d'or, a golden Louis, 154 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:30,240 then you use this particular weight to check that it's a good one 155 00:11:30,240 --> 00:11:32,920 and that he hasn't short-changed you. 156 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:35,560 They could have cured practically any illness, 157 00:11:35,560 --> 00:11:39,920 I imagine, with this enormous range of drugs in this dinky little case. 158 00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:41,320 Look at all of them. 159 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:44,800 And they also needed home comforts. 160 00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:48,080 As an English person, I completely approve of this item - it's a 161 00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:51,600 beautiful case for carrying their sugar and their tea. 162 00:11:55,160 --> 00:11:57,640 In July 1763, 163 00:11:57,640 --> 00:12:00,320 Wolfgang, Nannerl, their mother 164 00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:03,560 and their father Leopold left Salzburg. 165 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:13,160 Together, they travelled north through the dense forests of Bavaria 166 00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:15,600 and out into the lowlands of Europe. 167 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:25,480 Munich, Mannheim, Brussels and Paris - 168 00:12:25,480 --> 00:12:30,000 everywhere they went, Leopold had garnered letters of introduction 169 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:32,320 and palace doors were opened to them. 170 00:12:33,320 --> 00:12:37,800 Kings, queens and aristocrats were amazed at the performances 171 00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:39,240 that Wolfgang put on. 172 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:43,800 But no matter where they went, Leopold would hear 173 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:49,680 talk of another place - a musician's paradise with a lucrative 174 00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:54,280 concert scene that was different to anywhere else in Europe. 175 00:12:56,520 --> 00:13:01,120 He heard tell of a city where the inhabitants loved foreign musicians 176 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:03,720 and showered them with money. 177 00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:08,400 This was a city of unrivalled musical opportunities. 178 00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:12,440 Leopold felt he couldn't possibly miss this, so he changed course - 179 00:13:12,440 --> 00:13:16,680 he took his children across the sea for the first time. 180 00:13:16,680 --> 00:13:18,920 Their destination was London. 181 00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:23,680 In the 18th century, 182 00:13:23,680 --> 00:13:28,440 London was the place to be for any travelling musician. 183 00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:36,440 The city had grown rich on Britain's burgeoning empire, 184 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:40,480 but it was money that made London's music scene unique. 185 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:46,920 Elsewhere in Europe, concert life was dominated by the courts, 186 00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:50,280 but here, a wealthy merchant class had emerged. 187 00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:54,720 They had become willing and generous 188 00:13:54,720 --> 00:14:00,600 patrons of music at the forefront of a new fashion for public concerts. 189 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:09,440 'Conductor Ian Page understands how London was irresistible 190 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:11,600 'to the Mozart family.' 191 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:14,120 London had the money. It was the wealthiest, 192 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:17,040 the biggest, the most successful city in Europe, 193 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:20,080 - and they just bought people in. - The star players? 194 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:22,240 Yeah, so they were the leading composers - 195 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:25,600 Johann Christian Bach and Abel, two leading German composers, 196 00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:28,160 were living and working full time in London, 197 00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:32,240 and the leading figures of the day were all congregating in London. 198 00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:34,600 You know, they were looking for the best performers, 199 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:36,840 the best composers and the best entertainment. 200 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:40,680 MUSIC: Aria by Thomas Arne 201 00:14:54,080 --> 00:14:57,840 In London, little Wolfgang was soon plunged into a new 202 00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:01,040 musical wonderland, which was to have a profound 203 00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:03,640 influence on his entire musical life. 204 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:08,200 This aria, by the English composer Thomas Arne, 205 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:10,360 was one of Mozart's favourites. 206 00:15:13,880 --> 00:15:16,640 Listen to the pizzicato by the cellos... 207 00:15:18,040 --> 00:15:21,680 ..and the sustained strings accompanying the voice. 208 00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:25,920 These are motifs that Mozart would play with again and again 209 00:15:25,920 --> 00:15:28,000 in HIS later operas. 210 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:49,480 Barely had the music begun to feed into his prodigious little mind 211 00:15:49,480 --> 00:15:54,200 when Wolfgang was whisked away to give his first big performance. 212 00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,760 It wasn't to be in London's fabled West End, 213 00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:08,840 but in yet another royal palace. 214 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:13,360 Just five days after arriving, Wolfgang and Nannerl 215 00:16:13,360 --> 00:16:16,440 were summoned to play before King George III. 216 00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:23,120 But such a big concert, so early into their stay, was no accident. 217 00:16:24,760 --> 00:16:27,720 Since leaving Salzburg, Leopold had obsessively 218 00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:30,400 begged for letters of introduction. 219 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:32,720 And one of them, which he'd obtained in Paris, 220 00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:36,240 landed on the desk of the Groom of the Stool. 221 00:16:38,920 --> 00:16:42,840 It's a testament to Leopold's networking abilities 222 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:45,880 that his letter of introduction was able to penetrate 223 00:16:45,880 --> 00:16:49,120 so deep into the heart of the palace. 224 00:16:49,120 --> 00:16:52,560 The Groom of the Stool was one of the top court officers. 225 00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:54,920 He was intimate with the King. 226 00:16:54,920 --> 00:16:56,840 In centuries gone past, 227 00:16:56,840 --> 00:17:01,040 he'd literally attended the King on the close stool. 228 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:03,200 Yes, that's his toilet. 229 00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:06,440 By now, the groom's duties were more ceremonial, 230 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:08,720 but he was still influential. 231 00:17:08,720 --> 00:17:11,640 If you wanted an audience with George III, 232 00:17:11,640 --> 00:17:15,160 this was the man who had the ear of the King. 233 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:18,280 THEY PLAY THE HARPSICHORD 234 00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:25,920 And the Mozarts now had the ear of the King. 235 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:30,880 Together, Wolfgang and his sister Nannerl put on a virtuoso display. 236 00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,240 With four hands perfectly synchronised on the harpsichord, 237 00:17:34,240 --> 00:17:37,080 they wowed their royal audience. 238 00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:43,840 So Hannah, this duet, we think this is something pretty 239 00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:47,280 much like Wolfgang and Nannerl would have played for the King? 240 00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:51,280 Yes. Certainly while they were in London, they definitely 241 00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:56,280 played with four hands on the same keyboard and, apparently, 242 00:17:56,280 --> 00:18:00,360 they were the first people to actually do that in London. 243 00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:02,000 And how did the evening unfold? 244 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,120 - By all accounts, they had a pretty good time. - Yes, by all accounts. 245 00:18:05,120 --> 00:18:07,960 They were there for four hours, from six o'clock 246 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:10,200 until ten o'clock in the evening, 247 00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:15,160 and the King gave Mozart keyboard works for Mozart to play 248 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,680 prima vista - "at first sight". He accompanied Queen Charlotte 249 00:18:18,680 --> 00:18:22,760 while she sang an aria, and a flautist for a solo. 250 00:18:22,760 --> 00:18:25,680 Certainly they went down really well. 251 00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:30,000 Leopold said they were treated with the most extraordinary kindness 252 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:33,720 and they were so friendly that they were able to forget that they 253 00:18:33,720 --> 00:18:36,040 were the King and Queen of England at all 254 00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:37,640 and then, a few days later, 255 00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:40,400 they'd been out for a walk in St James's Park 256 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:43,440 and the royal carriage had gone past and the King had 257 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:46,440 popped his head out of the window to wave to them and greet them, so... 258 00:18:46,440 --> 00:18:48,840 It seems that they got on very well. 259 00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:56,560 Wolfgang must have made his father a very proud parent. 260 00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:58,960 It was just a shame for Nannerl that girls, 261 00:18:58,960 --> 00:19:02,840 however skilful they were, made less of an impression. 262 00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:09,640 And now Leopold dreamt of the rich reward that was 263 00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:12,760 sure to come his way from the royal purse. 264 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:19,480 But he would be a little disappointed. 265 00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:26,200 George III had the reputation of being rather a frugal king. 266 00:19:26,200 --> 00:19:28,160 He was parsimonious. 267 00:19:28,160 --> 00:19:31,360 The press had great fun with this. They were always mocking him 268 00:19:31,360 --> 00:19:35,920 for it, but to the Mozart family, it wasn't a joke. 269 00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:39,720 They were really counting on George's generosity. 270 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:45,760 And so, when they opened up the purse that he gave them, 271 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:47,600 it was a bit disappointing. 272 00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:50,840 It only contained 24 guineas. 273 00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:56,440 Compared to what they'd earned on the Continent, 274 00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:59,000 24 guineas was a paltry sum. 275 00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:01,560 And certainly not enough for life 276 00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:04,480 in an expensive city like London. 277 00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:10,240 From their apartment in Cecil Court in the West End, Leopold 278 00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:12,640 wrote letters home to his banker, 279 00:20:12,640 --> 00:20:14,600 Lorenz Hagenauer, in Salzburg. 280 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:23,000 What's interesting is that they betray 281 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:25,200 Leopold's dawning realisation 282 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:29,640 that Georgian London could be a very unforgiving place. 283 00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:32,880 These letters are fantastic 284 00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:37,720 because they give a complete picture of London as it was in 1764 285 00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:42,000 and, as a foreigner, Leopold takes nothing for granted. 286 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:44,240 What really strikes you on reading them 287 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:49,160 is how full of complaints they are about the cost of living. 288 00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:52,960 Leopold complains about the tax on wine, the tax on coffee, 289 00:20:52,960 --> 00:20:56,400 how much money he has to spend to get his laundry done, 290 00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:58,600 he has to buy hair powder... 291 00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:01,640 Even a plain bowl of soup 292 00:21:01,640 --> 00:21:03,720 cost eightpence. 293 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:05,200 London was a rip-off. 294 00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:07,400 Well, some things don't change. 295 00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:16,640 As his father kept a close eye on the coffers, 296 00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:20,560 Wolfgang practised hard, hoping for his next performance. 297 00:21:21,560 --> 00:21:25,960 It gave him a good excuse not to set foot outside. 298 00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:29,280 For the Mozarts had also discovered 299 00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:32,760 that London wasn't a very friendly place, either. 300 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:38,880 The streets of Georgian London were full of violence. 301 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:42,840 Leopold's letters record his amazement at seeing drunken men 302 00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:45,160 fighting in the gutter. 303 00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:48,200 William Byron, the so-called Wicked Lord, 304 00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:50,720 killed a man in a duel in a pub. 305 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:55,040 And the family also saw 4,000 silk weavers rioting - 306 00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:59,280 they were angry about the importing of French textiles. 307 00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:01,240 Fresh from Paris themselves, 308 00:22:01,240 --> 00:22:05,160 the Mozarts also experienced this hostility. 309 00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:08,120 If you were to walk down the street in French fashion, 310 00:22:08,120 --> 00:22:11,560 as Leopold wrote, all the street urchins would run after you, 311 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:15,840 shouting, "Bugger French, French bugger!" 312 00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:24,040 But leaving the home sometimes was unavoidable, as Wolfgang 313 00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:26,760 was dragged around to meet wealthy patrons... 314 00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:32,000 ..and all the while being laughed at in the clothes his parents 315 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:34,240 had bought for him in Paris. 316 00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:39,400 Amber Butchart is a fashion historian 317 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:42,960 and she knows exactly what little Wolfgang was going through. 318 00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:48,480 Amber, what were these French clothes that got Mozart 319 00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:50,560 heckled on the streets of London? 320 00:22:50,560 --> 00:22:52,840 Well, British and French fashions were very, 321 00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:54,840 very different at this time. 322 00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:57,920 The French fashions were incredibly ornate, 323 00:22:57,920 --> 00:23:00,680 and the embroidery on men's clothing 324 00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:02,680 could rival or even exceed 325 00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:05,400 the kind of embroidery that we're seeing on womenswear. 326 00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:09,200 - You can see spangles... - Sequins. Highly effeminate, if I may say so. 327 00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:11,960 Highly effeminate, and the British public really viewed these 328 00:23:11,960 --> 00:23:13,640 fashions as foppish, 329 00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:16,040 as anti-intellectual, 330 00:23:16,040 --> 00:23:18,680 as just not manly enough. 331 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:21,320 That was one of the big problems that they had with it. 332 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:23,720 We know from Leopold's letters that he laid out quite 333 00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:26,440 a lot of money getting new English clothes for his family. 334 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:28,080 What would they have been like? 335 00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:31,320 Well, English fashion at this time looked very different. 336 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:34,840 As we can see over here, this is a very small version 337 00:23:34,840 --> 00:23:38,040 that we've got that might have fit a young Wolfgang. 338 00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:41,040 And it was much less decorative. 339 00:23:41,040 --> 00:23:44,080 And crucially, it's made of wool. 340 00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:47,520 Now, it's a lot more practical than silk. 341 00:23:47,520 --> 00:23:52,080 You can go riding in this, walking, hunting. 342 00:23:52,080 --> 00:23:56,000 It really reflects the idea of the country estates. 343 00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,880 So, whereas in France you have this very formal court culture built up 344 00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:04,160 around Versailles, in Britain, it's much more about spending time at 345 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:08,480 your country estate and the outdoor pursuits that go along with that. 346 00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:11,680 You're not telling me that's a pared-down hat, though, are you? 347 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:13,520 No, it is quite excessive! 348 00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:17,200 Leopold does actually write from London that no woman leaves 349 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:20,560 the house without wearing a hat, and he talks about the sort 350 00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:24,040 of real variation in shapes and styles and fabrics. 351 00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:27,960 Millinery is a really important feature of fashion at this time, 352 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:32,520 so where the dress styles themselves may be a bit more pared down... 353 00:24:32,520 --> 00:24:36,360 - You could go to town on the hat! - Exactly! Exactly, yeah! 354 00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:45,800 Wolfgang was now happy to walk the streets in his smart woollen coat. 355 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,640 But he wasn't quite safe from embarrassment, cringing 356 00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:53,680 at his mother's spirited attempts to embrace the ways of the English. 357 00:24:55,320 --> 00:24:59,280 Mrs Anna Maria Mozart tried to fit in with her English gown 358 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,840 and her crazy English hat. 359 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:05,680 But there was just one little detail of Englishness which she 360 00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:08,160 could never get a taste for. 361 00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:10,040 Try as she might, 362 00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:13,720 she could not enjoy the local drink - beer. 363 00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:21,560 I don't really like beer either. 364 00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:30,120 It was now high time that little Wolfgang was launched onto 365 00:25:30,120 --> 00:25:32,920 the lucrative London stage. 366 00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:38,800 Public concerts were held almost every night in theatres and salons. 367 00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:43,600 Leopold hoped that the Mozart children 368 00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:45,520 would be able to make a fortune. 369 00:25:49,360 --> 00:25:51,680 But it soon became clear that the concerts were 370 00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:55,120 run by a network of powerful impresarios. 371 00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:01,000 They were the kingmakers of the music scene. 372 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:06,880 And in 1764, they'd already anointed their superstar of the season... 373 00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:12,800 APPLAUSE 374 00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:17,840 His angelic voice had made all of London swoon and he'd helped to 375 00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:22,240 revive Italian opera, making it the most fashionable music of the day. 376 00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:32,160 He was the great castrato singer Giovanni Manzoli. 377 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:50,920 Wolfgang and his father went along to see him 378 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:54,240 star in the opera Adriano In Siria, 379 00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:58,440 and opera singer Randall Scotting knows exactly what 380 00:26:58,440 --> 00:27:00,600 they would have witnessed. 381 00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:06,360 Apparently, he had quite a beautiful, sweet voice. 382 00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:08,960 It was defined as clear and brilliant 383 00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:11,760 but the thing that really struck the audience was how 384 00:27:11,760 --> 00:27:15,160 loud his voice was - it was often described as voluminous. 385 00:27:20,360 --> 00:27:25,280 So we have Manzoli, the smooth Italian superstar... 386 00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:26,800 He hoovers up all the money 387 00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:29,200 and the success of the season, really, doesn't he? 388 00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:32,320 That's true, and I think Leopold Mozart found it a bit more difficult 389 00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:34,440 than he expected when he came to London. 390 00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:36,680 He writes a letter to his friend 391 00:27:36,680 --> 00:27:40,600 and says that Manzoli is the only person who is actually making 392 00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:44,880 any money this season, and his fee for the season was £1,500, 393 00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:48,280 which at the time was an exorbitant sum. 394 00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:50,160 To put it into context, 395 00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:54,440 a maid in London would have made £6 per year. 396 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:02,240 While Leopold saw Manzoli as a dangerous rival, 397 00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:04,920 Wolfgang was entranced, 398 00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:07,400 and he pestered his father to see the great singer 399 00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:09,480 whenever the chance arose. 400 00:28:10,720 --> 00:28:13,520 And Manzoli too became intrigued by the Prodigy. 401 00:28:15,520 --> 00:28:17,800 They became great friends, apparently, 402 00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:19,640 the admiration was very mutual. 403 00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:22,280 I think Mozart saw Manzoli on stage 404 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:26,200 and was quite taken with his presentation, but Manzoli, 405 00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:29,560 likewise, was quite interested in the young prodigy Mozart 406 00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:32,920 and he offered him voice lessons and became a friend of the family 407 00:28:32,920 --> 00:28:34,960 while the Mozarts were in London. 408 00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:38,120 That's a friendship that continued to thrive. 409 00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:43,000 To become friends with a superstar like Manzoli had a profound 410 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:45,720 influence on the young Mozart. 411 00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:48,560 As he became tutored in the intricacies of writing 412 00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:51,080 for the voice, Wolfgang would later cast 413 00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:57,040 Manzoli as the lead in one of his earliest operas - Ascanio In Alba. 414 00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:03,520 APPLAUSE 415 00:29:06,920 --> 00:29:11,120 But as the applause rang around his ears, Leopold Mozart was sure 416 00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:15,760 that his son could rival Manzoli for success on the London stage. 417 00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:21,120 But to do it, he knew that he'd have to return to advertising 418 00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:22,760 and marketing. 419 00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:29,880 Mm, Mozart chocolate cream. 420 00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:34,280 If you go to Salzburg today, you can 421 00:29:34,280 --> 00:29:39,480 pick up all sorts of Mozart memorabilia, like this pencil. 422 00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:44,000 Or...Nannerl liqueur. Mm! 423 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:50,160 And I think this is my favourite - a Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart snow globe. 424 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:54,320 Now, you might think that this merchandising is a modern idea - 425 00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:55,680 it isn't. 426 00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:59,200 When Leopold arrived in the very commercial world of Georgian London, 427 00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:03,320 he had to use every trick he could to create hype for his family. 428 00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:05,840 He, too, produced merchandising. 429 00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:11,360 You could buy a souvenir print showing them as a harmonious group. 430 00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:13,960 Here's Leopold on his violin, 431 00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:16,040 Wolfgang on the harpsichord, 432 00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:18,320 and Nannerl the singer. 433 00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:22,160 Leopold also placed adverts in the papers. 434 00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:26,040 Here's one announcing a concert at the Great Room in Spring Garden 435 00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:30,320 near St James's Park, and Leopold does write good copy. 436 00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:34,760 The concert's to be for the benefit of Miss Mozart of 11 437 00:30:34,760 --> 00:30:39,640 and Master Mozart of seven years of age, prodigies of nature. 438 00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:42,920 So Leopold is using every trick in the book to try to create 439 00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:45,880 a buzz about these performances. 440 00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:50,640 But I do detect old Leopold in getting a bit carried away here, 441 00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:54,120 because Master Mozart was no longer, technically speaking, 442 00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:56,480 a child of seven years of age. 443 00:30:56,480 --> 00:31:01,040 By this point, he was a slightly less impressive child of eight. 444 00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:08,600 True to his billing, little Wolfgang didn't disappoint. 445 00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:12,960 His first public concert was a resounding success, 446 00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:14,880 pulling in 100 guineas. 447 00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:20,560 It seemed that his conquest of London was well underway. 448 00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:26,800 But the city would not be conquered that easily. 449 00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:36,320 It was during a rush to get ready for a performance that 450 00:31:36,320 --> 00:31:41,440 Wolfgang saw his father fall suddenly, desperately ill. 451 00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:52,600 A simple chill had developed into an alarming case of flu... 452 00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:57,400 ..and Leopold became convinced that he was at death's door. 453 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:03,000 For an eight-year-old boy and his family far from home, 454 00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:06,280 this must have been a terrifying turn of events. 455 00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:13,560 Leopold's illness was a disaster for the family. 456 00:32:13,560 --> 00:32:16,920 Without him, they couldn't organise concerts to earn money, and 457 00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:21,760 they couldn't take Wolfgang about to continue his musical education. 458 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:25,640 But much worse than that was the risk that Leopold might 459 00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:29,840 actually die, leaving them stranded in London. 460 00:32:33,400 --> 00:32:37,800 Despite the morbid atmosphere that had settled onto the house, 461 00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:39,960 little Wolfgang kept himself busy. 462 00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:43,760 And he would turn this disaster 463 00:32:43,760 --> 00:32:47,280 into the triumphal moment of his early musical life. 464 00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:54,160 With Leopold marooned in bed, Wolfgang had a tiny 465 00:32:54,160 --> 00:32:58,080 taste of freedom from his father's controlling presence. 466 00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:01,800 He couldn't perform in concerts, he couldn't even practise, 467 00:33:01,800 --> 00:33:05,320 because the noise would disturb the sick man. 468 00:33:05,320 --> 00:33:08,800 So, instead, Wolfgang started writing music down, 469 00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:12,160 and I don't mean short little pieces, like he'd done before - 470 00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:16,120 he now wrote his first full-length symphony. 471 00:33:20,720 --> 00:33:25,000 The symphony was the most daunting challenge for any composer, 472 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:27,200 let alone an eight-year-old boy! 473 00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:33,080 Blending together multiple instruments and sustaining the 474 00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:38,120 magic over three movements, it was a supreme test of skill and invention. 475 00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:42,320 But with the music he'd heard in London still marching 476 00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:46,360 through his mind, Wolfgang picked up his pen and paper. 477 00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:54,000 Conductor Ian Page understands little Mozart's amazing achievement. 478 00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:59,120 Ian, here's a facsimile of what Wolfgang actually wrote. 479 00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:00,640 How does it strike you? 480 00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:03,640 Does it look like the work of an eight-year-old to you? 481 00:34:03,640 --> 00:34:04,920 I find it really beautiful. 482 00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:07,760 I mean, no, you wouldn't know that that was by an eight-year-old, 483 00:34:07,760 --> 00:34:11,560 would you? I mean, the writing... is really interesting. 484 00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:13,640 There are bits of crossings out, 485 00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:15,960 it's playful as an eight-year-old would be. 486 00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:18,440 He slipped into Italian, 487 00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:21,960 he calls himself "Signor Wolfgang a London". 488 00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:25,240 You know, he knows the odd word of Italian! 489 00:34:25,240 --> 00:34:27,400 He knows that it's the language of music. 490 00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:29,960 And then as soon as he starts writing out the notes, 491 00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:32,840 not a blemish, which is really amazing. 492 00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:35,440 When you look at the melody and the way he's harmonised it, 493 00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:38,320 do you see the influence of Georgian London there? 494 00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:43,000 On one level, yes, and on another level, not at all. 495 00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:44,360 It's sort of unique to Mozart. 496 00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,520 I think that's what's so interesting about this piece 497 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:50,280 and the whole of his time in London. 498 00:34:50,280 --> 00:34:53,360 On one hand, these opening three bars... 499 00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:05,480 ..they could absolutely be by JC Bach 500 00:35:05,480 --> 00:35:08,080 or any of the composers writing in London. 501 00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:09,960 It's a sort of call to attention. 502 00:35:13,960 --> 00:35:17,840 And Mozart, later in life, would often write similar openings. 503 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:21,400 Or... 504 00:35:23,720 --> 00:35:26,280 And of course we need to remember that, in those days, 505 00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:30,000 they didn't have electricity, so it needed a device to get 506 00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:33,000 - the audience to shut up and stop talking. - Oh, right, OK! 507 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:35,200 So pieces would open with a fanfare, 508 00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:37,600 partly as a mechanism to get attention, 509 00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:40,760 because there wasn't the thing of house lights suddenly going down. 510 00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:43,360 When we get onto this next bit, it seems to me like these 511 00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:47,080 - are really clever, sophisticated chords, is that right? - Completely. 512 00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:50,840 Basically, we've got a series of chords, there's not really any tune. 513 00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:03,200 And just to give a sense of momentum, 514 00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:05,880 he takes the baseline away from the downbeat. 515 00:36:09,720 --> 00:36:13,000 So, suddenly, there's more momentum and direction. 516 00:36:21,040 --> 00:36:26,080 But then, for me, the thing that makes it totally unique to Mozart 517 00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:27,800 is quite big discords. 518 00:36:30,320 --> 00:36:32,560 - So... - Yeah. That's...weird. 519 00:36:36,120 --> 00:36:37,280 So... 520 00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:39,920 You just have a sense of someone 521 00:36:39,920 --> 00:36:42,160 seeing how far he can push things 522 00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:44,920 before his dad says, "No, you're not allowed to do that." 523 00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:47,040 And maybe this would have been less good 524 00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:48,880 if his dad had been downstairs, too. 525 00:36:48,880 --> 00:36:52,160 Maybe there's something quite nice about the fact that Dad was... 526 00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:54,000 - Out of the way. - ..off-limits. - Yeah. 527 00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,840 What's it like for a whole orchestra to be playing this? 528 00:36:59,840 --> 00:37:04,040 - Is it technically easy or difficult? - Bits are... 529 00:37:04,040 --> 00:37:07,000 Particularly in the last movement, the third movement, 530 00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:10,440 there are bits of second violin writing that are really difficult, 531 00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:12,480 so there are things like... 532 00:37:15,640 --> 00:37:17,960 And it's sort of fussy for them. 533 00:37:23,080 --> 00:37:25,520 So, in later life, he wouldn't have done that. 534 00:37:25,520 --> 00:37:27,160 He would have found a more... 535 00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:30,280 I mean, I think there's something... From a performer point of view, 536 00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:34,080 if music's really difficult, you want it to sound difficult. 537 00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:37,720 Something like this is more difficult to play than it sounds. 538 00:37:37,720 --> 00:37:41,800 Whereas the virtuoso school of writing something that 539 00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:46,320 sounds fiendishly difficult is much more satisfying for the performer, 540 00:37:46,320 --> 00:37:49,200 because people say, "Ooh! That was clever." 541 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,600 - Just before we finish, could we play that really lovely bit again? - Yeah. 542 00:37:56,600 --> 00:37:57,920 PLAYS WRONG NOTE 543 00:37:57,920 --> 00:38:00,120 - Oh! - Ew! - That was my fault. 544 00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:02,360 That's TOO discordant! 545 00:38:05,360 --> 00:38:08,800 THEY PLAY TOGETHER 546 00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:23,080 It's beautiful. 547 00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:28,800 Now recovered, Leopold set to work, 548 00:38:28,800 --> 00:38:32,640 sure that his eight-year-old composer would finally 549 00:38:32,640 --> 00:38:34,920 conquer London. 550 00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:39,800 Working into the night, Leopold struck deals. 551 00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:45,320 He sweet-talked musicians and he spread the hype, pulling together 552 00:38:45,320 --> 00:38:50,120 the pieces of an irresistible event that nobody could afford to miss. 553 00:38:52,720 --> 00:38:55,240 Finally, a date was set. 554 00:38:55,240 --> 00:38:59,400 It was to be on 21st February 1765, 555 00:38:59,400 --> 00:39:01,720 at the Haymarket Theatre, 556 00:39:01,720 --> 00:39:07,240 that Wolfgang's first symphony would be unveiled to the world. 557 00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:14,360 MUSIC: Symphony No.1 by Mozart 558 00:39:30,480 --> 00:39:34,720 The call to attention sounded out, and the music filled the hall. 559 00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:42,960 The layout of the orchestra, with its strings and woodwind 560 00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:45,880 and brass sections, was typical of London. 561 00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:53,520 Already, we can hear Mozart's trademark sounds coming through. 562 00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:10,280 Using period instruments, these performers bring 563 00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:14,680 the vibrancy of Wolfgang's original composition to life. 564 00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:29,440 Hannah Templeton knows what the audience would have witnessed. 565 00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:34,640 Did Wolfgang conduct his own first symphony? 566 00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:37,960 Well, there wasn't a conductor who would stand in the middle, 567 00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:40,880 as we normally have today. 568 00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:42,600 There was a concertmaster, 569 00:40:42,600 --> 00:40:44,440 who was the first violinist, 570 00:40:44,440 --> 00:40:46,960 and he would have led the orchestra in 571 00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:49,520 and maybe directed specific entries. 572 00:40:49,520 --> 00:40:52,240 If there were maybe some untidy moments, 573 00:40:52,240 --> 00:40:56,080 then he might have stepped in to give a little bit more direction. 574 00:40:56,080 --> 00:41:00,440 As for what Mozart did, he may have been playing the harpsichord. 575 00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:05,360 If he did have a role in directing his own symphony, 576 00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:08,360 then he might have been up front with the concertmaster. 577 00:41:08,360 --> 00:41:11,600 I love the idea that there could have been this eight-year-old 578 00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:13,400 going, "And now you, and now YOU!" 579 00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:14,760 THEY LAUGH 580 00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:47,480 As the audience were led into the slow second movement, 581 00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:51,800 they would have marvelled at the prodigy's deft arrangement 582 00:41:51,800 --> 00:41:54,720 and the beautiful chords played by the horns. 583 00:42:36,320 --> 00:42:40,840 But strange as it may seem, it may have been quite difficult to 584 00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:45,760 appreciate Mozart's music at the time, because by today's standards, 585 00:42:45,760 --> 00:42:48,960 the audience got up to some rather shocking things. 586 00:42:51,320 --> 00:42:55,720 They would chat, even when the music was playing, not just in between 587 00:42:55,720 --> 00:43:00,840 movements, so there might have been a constant murmur of chatting. 588 00:43:00,840 --> 00:43:03,680 If they saw somebody else that they wanted to go and talk to, 589 00:43:03,680 --> 00:43:07,400 then they might have got up and walked over to them. 590 00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:09,800 So you would have had people walking around, they would 591 00:43:09,800 --> 00:43:11,680 have had refreshments. 592 00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:14,160 It's astonishing to think then, that during Mozart's 593 00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:16,920 first symphony ever, people might have just been talking. 594 00:43:16,920 --> 00:43:19,600 It's really hard for us to imagine now, isn't it? 595 00:43:19,600 --> 00:43:21,680 If you so much as rustle a programme, 596 00:43:21,680 --> 00:43:24,360 then you get a frown from the person next to you. 597 00:43:50,360 --> 00:43:52,440 At just over ten minutes, 598 00:43:52,440 --> 00:43:55,960 the symphony form was much shorter than we'd expect today. 599 00:43:58,520 --> 00:44:02,280 But as the third and final movement came to a close, 600 00:44:02,280 --> 00:44:04,960 Leopold was in for a shock. 601 00:44:06,040 --> 00:44:08,560 All around him were empty seats. 602 00:44:11,240 --> 00:44:12,960 Hmm. 603 00:44:12,960 --> 00:44:16,560 Despite the big build-up to this night, it's possible that 604 00:44:16,560 --> 00:44:20,560 Leopold was left a little disappointed by his concert. 605 00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:23,760 He'd done everything he could to make it a success. 606 00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:25,760 This had been his big chance 607 00:44:25,760 --> 00:44:28,720 to introduce a new composer to the world. 608 00:44:28,720 --> 00:44:32,680 And he wanted to get what he called "a good catch of guineas". 609 00:44:32,680 --> 00:44:36,680 And yet, only 260 people turned up 610 00:44:36,680 --> 00:44:39,400 to a venue which we believe 611 00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:41,280 held around 800. 612 00:44:42,360 --> 00:44:44,560 Perhaps this was the point at which 613 00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:48,320 Leopold started to believe that dark forces were 614 00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:51,120 working against the Mozart family. 615 00:44:55,240 --> 00:44:58,240 The adulation they'd hoped would follow Wolfgang's 616 00:44:58,240 --> 00:45:02,240 extraordinary musical breakthrough never quite materialised. 617 00:45:03,920 --> 00:45:08,000 And it was now that Leopold became gripped with paranoia. 618 00:45:09,760 --> 00:45:12,320 He had good reason. 619 00:45:12,320 --> 00:45:15,640 In the months following the performance, vicious rumours 620 00:45:15,640 --> 00:45:22,560 began to appear in the inky world of pamphleteers and gossip columnists. 621 00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:24,320 (Malice...) 622 00:45:24,320 --> 00:45:28,320 This gossip attacked the entire Mozart family. 623 00:45:29,880 --> 00:45:33,400 There were stories of deception and daylight robbery. 624 00:45:34,440 --> 00:45:38,560 The accusation was that Wolfgang wasn't quite so young as his father 625 00:45:38,560 --> 00:45:43,040 said that he was. It was claimed that he was really 626 00:45:43,040 --> 00:45:45,480 just a very small man of 30. 627 00:45:46,880 --> 00:45:52,240 Leopold now had no choice but to enter a war of words. 628 00:45:56,680 --> 00:45:58,800 This is a copy of a letter 629 00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:03,640 that appeared in the Public Advertiser in May 1765. 630 00:46:03,640 --> 00:46:06,680 This could be Leopold's writing, it could be a friend of his, 631 00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:08,120 it's unsigned. 632 00:46:08,120 --> 00:46:12,320 But this is basically a fightback in behalf of the Mozart family 633 00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:17,720 against these malevolent remarks that have been circulating. 634 00:46:17,720 --> 00:46:21,120 People have been saying that Wolfgang is not in fact 635 00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:26,120 a child of eight years old, but that he's really a teeny-tiny man 636 00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:32,320 reduced by some defect of nature to an insignificancy of person. 637 00:46:35,440 --> 00:46:38,200 It appears that little Wolfgang had become 638 00:46:38,200 --> 00:46:42,000 the victim of jealousy in the musical world. 639 00:46:44,240 --> 00:46:49,360 Someone, somewhere, it seemed, wanted him out of London's West End. 640 00:46:56,480 --> 00:47:00,600 Leopold's letters home reveal his changed attitude towards 641 00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:02,920 the city that had once promised so much. 642 00:47:04,280 --> 00:47:09,160 "London," he writes, "is a dangerous place, where the inhabitants 643 00:47:09,160 --> 00:47:13,240 "have no religion, and it's filled with evil." 644 00:47:18,240 --> 00:47:20,520 Simon McVeigh is a music historian 645 00:47:20,520 --> 00:47:23,320 who understands Leopold's state of mind. 646 00:47:25,880 --> 00:47:28,120 Something clearly went awry 647 00:47:28,120 --> 00:47:30,320 because he starts to complain 648 00:47:30,320 --> 00:47:34,600 in some of his other references, other letters, 649 00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:36,400 that he wasn't getting the support 650 00:47:36,400 --> 00:47:39,280 that he used to and that he was expecting. 651 00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:45,280 So he started to lose touch in some way and you get a certain sense that 652 00:47:45,280 --> 00:47:51,960 their time in London was unravelling as the months went past in 1765. 653 00:47:51,960 --> 00:47:54,720 He writes as if "there are dark forces 654 00:47:54,720 --> 00:47:58,160 - "working against me", almost, doesn't he? - Yes, he does. 655 00:47:58,160 --> 00:48:00,080 Um, I mean... 656 00:48:00,080 --> 00:48:02,920 he was somewhat inclined 657 00:48:02,920 --> 00:48:06,840 towards conspiracy theories like this. 658 00:48:09,680 --> 00:48:12,960 Determined to rescue the good name of the Mozart family, 659 00:48:12,960 --> 00:48:14,800 he hatched a plan, 660 00:48:14,800 --> 00:48:20,320 inviting the London public to test Wolfgang's skill for themselves. 661 00:48:21,840 --> 00:48:24,600 Adverts started to appear in the press. 662 00:48:24,600 --> 00:48:26,440 They'd been placed by Leopold, 663 00:48:26,440 --> 00:48:30,400 who now threw down the gauntlet to the London public. 664 00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:34,320 He challenged allcomers to visit the Mozarts at their home 665 00:48:34,320 --> 00:48:38,920 in the West End to see young Wolfgang for themselves. 666 00:48:38,920 --> 00:48:42,080 If you came, you were able to test the boy, 667 00:48:42,080 --> 00:48:46,520 you could try his musical capacity by giving him anything to play 668 00:48:46,520 --> 00:48:52,520 at sight, or test his notation skills - you could sing a tune, 669 00:48:52,520 --> 00:48:55,080 which he will write upon the spot 670 00:48:55,080 --> 00:48:58,560 without recurring to his harpsichord. 671 00:48:58,560 --> 00:49:00,720 LM. 672 00:49:00,720 --> 00:49:03,120 Leopold Mozart. 673 00:49:05,640 --> 00:49:09,240 We don't know how many strange people came knocking at the door 674 00:49:09,240 --> 00:49:10,520 to take up this offer, 675 00:49:10,520 --> 00:49:14,760 but little Wolfgang must surely have noticed one man who seemed 676 00:49:14,760 --> 00:49:18,560 extra specially interested in what he could do. 677 00:49:20,480 --> 00:49:24,840 Daines Barrington considered himself to be one of life's true 678 00:49:24,840 --> 00:49:30,120 Renaissance men and spent his life in constant pursuit of obscure 679 00:49:30,120 --> 00:49:33,320 fields of study he could make his own. 680 00:49:35,160 --> 00:49:40,280 Mr Daines Barrington was a man of wide and rather peculiar interests. 681 00:49:40,280 --> 00:49:43,200 He researched the possibility of travelling to the 682 00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:46,240 North Pole - from the comfort of his own study. 683 00:49:46,240 --> 00:49:48,760 He claimed to have discovered the last surviving 684 00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:51,400 speaker of the Cornish language - 685 00:49:51,400 --> 00:49:54,240 until several others came forward! 686 00:49:54,240 --> 00:49:58,800 And he spent several years conversing with birds in order 687 00:49:58,800 --> 00:50:01,240 to write a book about their language. 688 00:50:01,240 --> 00:50:04,280 Although, as we know, birds can't speak. 689 00:50:04,280 --> 00:50:06,000 "Hello, Mr Barrington." 690 00:50:09,040 --> 00:50:12,040 When he heard of the rumours surrounding Wolfgang, 691 00:50:12,040 --> 00:50:13,720 it fired his imagination. 692 00:50:15,560 --> 00:50:19,840 He aimed to subject the boy to scientific testing that would 693 00:50:19,840 --> 00:50:24,200 sort fact from fiction, and settle the matter once and for all. 694 00:50:25,720 --> 00:50:29,040 Yvonne Amthor is a historian of science. 695 00:50:29,040 --> 00:50:32,120 She's going to subject me to the very same tests 696 00:50:32,120 --> 00:50:34,520 as Barrington set little Wolfgang. 697 00:50:36,280 --> 00:50:39,440 Leopold very specifically in his advertisements addressed 698 00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:42,000 - the lovers of science. - Yes. 699 00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:45,760 And Daines Barrington would have seen himself as such 700 00:50:45,760 --> 00:50:49,400 and therefore was very much attracted - wanting to 701 00:50:49,400 --> 00:50:52,640 observe the boy, wanting to see his musical abilities. 702 00:50:52,640 --> 00:50:54,520 What were these tests, then, 703 00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:56,800 that Daines Barrington administered? 704 00:50:56,800 --> 00:51:00,400 Well, I'm going to ask you to try a couple of them. 705 00:51:00,400 --> 00:51:04,600 We know for sure about two tests, because he's described them 706 00:51:04,600 --> 00:51:06,640 quite well in his notes, 707 00:51:06,640 --> 00:51:09,920 and he actually asked Mozart to play 708 00:51:09,920 --> 00:51:13,320 by sight-reading a five-part piece. 709 00:51:13,320 --> 00:51:15,400 Now, we haven't got that here, 710 00:51:15,400 --> 00:51:19,520 - so I'm going to ask you to sight-read... - OK. 711 00:51:19,520 --> 00:51:23,960 ..and play a sonatina instead. 712 00:51:23,960 --> 00:51:25,640 A sonatina, OK. 713 00:51:27,400 --> 00:51:30,160 Oh, dear, it's in two sharps! 714 00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:39,160 Unlike me, Wolfgang made short work of this sight-reading test. 715 00:51:39,160 --> 00:51:43,720 But now Barrington turned his attention to the great controversy - 716 00:51:43,720 --> 00:51:47,640 Wolfgang's supposed ability to compose. 717 00:51:47,640 --> 00:51:50,800 - Does it get worse than this? - It actually does. 718 00:51:50,800 --> 00:51:54,720 One of the tests that Daines Barrington actually asked 719 00:51:54,720 --> 00:51:57,720 Mozart is to make up a love song 720 00:51:57,720 --> 00:52:01,000 in the style of an operatic tune. 721 00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:04,000 A love song in the style of an operatic tune? 722 00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:07,640 - Made up on the spot? - Made up on the spot. - OK. 723 00:52:09,480 --> 00:52:11,360 # Here it is! 724 00:52:12,560 --> 00:52:16,120 # My song, a song of love... # YVONNE LAUGHS 725 00:52:18,120 --> 00:52:20,240 # ..Is going wrong... # 726 00:52:20,240 --> 00:52:22,840 She's laughing at my song of love! 727 00:52:24,480 --> 00:52:27,280 I think you can easily turn that into a song of rage now! 728 00:52:28,960 --> 00:52:33,360 - A song of rage? - That would have been his second task. 729 00:52:33,360 --> 00:52:35,480 SHE WAILS 730 00:52:37,120 --> 00:52:40,200 - Sorry! - IN A DEEP VOICE: # Rage! # 731 00:52:41,240 --> 00:52:43,440 Yes, he would have very much made up 732 00:52:43,440 --> 00:52:47,280 any kind of nonsense or words just to express those feelings. 733 00:52:50,480 --> 00:52:54,480 The test came to an end when Wolfgang lost interest 734 00:52:54,480 --> 00:52:56,600 and went to play with his hobbyhorse. 735 00:52:57,640 --> 00:53:00,160 In his report to the Royal Society, 736 00:53:00,160 --> 00:53:04,160 Barrington said that Mozart was not a fake. 737 00:53:04,160 --> 00:53:09,680 He wrote that the boy's genius and invention was most astonishing. 738 00:53:09,680 --> 00:53:13,800 Such a report would have restored the Mozarts' credibility 739 00:53:13,800 --> 00:53:17,920 had it not taken Barrington THREE YEARS to publish. 740 00:53:20,120 --> 00:53:23,040 It was now clear that the Mozarts could no longer afford 741 00:53:23,040 --> 00:53:26,080 to keep trying to win over the London public, 742 00:53:26,080 --> 00:53:30,920 and as they scraped together the funds they needed to leave, 743 00:53:30,920 --> 00:53:36,240 Wolfgang was booked to play a final series of concerts. 744 00:53:37,920 --> 00:53:41,440 RECORDING PLAYS 745 00:53:43,920 --> 00:53:49,320 In July 1765, little Wolfgang took to the keyboard to play 746 00:53:49,320 --> 00:53:51,840 not for a king, not for a queen, 747 00:53:51,840 --> 00:53:54,080 a lord or his lady, 748 00:53:54,080 --> 00:53:58,560 but for bleary-eyed drunks in a London pub. 749 00:54:03,200 --> 00:54:07,320 They started putting on performances at the Swan and Hoop tavern 750 00:54:07,320 --> 00:54:09,960 in the City, the other end of town 751 00:54:09,960 --> 00:54:12,240 from the fashionable West End. 752 00:54:16,440 --> 00:54:21,640 In this bewildering world, Wolfgang played daily from 12 till three... 753 00:54:22,640 --> 00:54:26,480 ..churning out keyboard tricks to the tune of a couple of shillings. 754 00:54:30,000 --> 00:54:31,640 There's no doubt about it, 755 00:54:31,640 --> 00:54:37,520 this was just off the radar as far as normal events were concerned. 756 00:54:37,520 --> 00:54:41,840 This wasn't the kind of venue that the elite musicians would 757 00:54:41,840 --> 00:54:46,880 frequent for their musical adventures. This was something else. 758 00:54:46,880 --> 00:54:50,680 So he's sucking out the pips of London, really, it's the last dregs. 759 00:54:50,680 --> 00:54:53,160 Yes, it was at the low end 760 00:54:53,160 --> 00:54:56,280 of music-making in London's musical calendar, 761 00:54:56,280 --> 00:54:58,280 there's no doubt about that. 762 00:55:00,080 --> 00:55:02,520 Once feted by royalty, 763 00:55:02,520 --> 00:55:06,280 the boy who would become the world's greatest composer ended 764 00:55:06,280 --> 00:55:10,760 his stay in London by providing the soundtrack to a boozy lunch. 765 00:55:12,760 --> 00:55:14,400 But looking back, 766 00:55:14,400 --> 00:55:18,760 I do think that London gave young Wolfgang a host of experiences 767 00:55:18,760 --> 00:55:22,880 that inspired and influenced his later glittering career. 768 00:55:24,360 --> 00:55:27,880 Firstly, he'd seen perseverance in action - 769 00:55:27,880 --> 00:55:31,320 he'd watched his father working really hard to get some 770 00:55:31,320 --> 00:55:36,440 traction for the Mozart family in a cut-throat musical environment. 771 00:55:36,440 --> 00:55:42,800 Secondly, London had made Wolfgang into an ambitious composer. 772 00:55:42,800 --> 00:55:46,360 He'd arrived as a performer, but he left as somebody 773 00:55:46,360 --> 00:55:49,800 capable of making music from scratch - that happened here. 774 00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:54,760 And finally, and perhaps most importantly, 775 00:55:54,760 --> 00:55:58,920 I like to think that this pub performance taught Wolfgang 776 00:55:58,920 --> 00:56:02,160 something essential - that his music 777 00:56:02,160 --> 00:56:07,840 had to appeal to everybody, from kings...to boozers. 778 00:56:14,040 --> 00:56:16,640 On 24th July 1765, 779 00:56:16,640 --> 00:56:20,120 the Mozart family left London never to return. 780 00:56:22,960 --> 00:56:26,760 But before departing, they made time for some sightseeing. 781 00:56:28,280 --> 00:56:30,520 On a trip to the Royal Menagerie, 782 00:56:30,520 --> 00:56:35,240 little Wolfgang got frightened by the roar of the lions. 783 00:56:35,240 --> 00:56:39,720 But the highlight was a special tour around the newly opened 784 00:56:39,720 --> 00:56:43,520 British Museum, where children normally weren't allowed. 785 00:56:46,200 --> 00:56:49,800 And as if in thanks, little Mozart left the museum a gift, 786 00:56:49,800 --> 00:56:52,280 a gift to the nation, if you like. 787 00:56:52,280 --> 00:56:55,320 It was the manuscript of a short choral work 788 00:56:55,320 --> 00:56:57,640 rarely performed these days, 789 00:56:57,640 --> 00:57:00,360 but he wrote it specially for us. 790 00:57:02,720 --> 00:57:06,520 Uniquely, among all of Wolfgang Mozart's work, 791 00:57:06,520 --> 00:57:08,760 the words are in English. 792 00:57:08,760 --> 00:57:11,520 It says on it "1765 in London". 793 00:57:12,600 --> 00:57:16,320 When you look at the words, I think that they are appropriate 794 00:57:16,320 --> 00:57:20,040 for the Mozart family's quite troubled time in London. 795 00:57:20,040 --> 00:57:23,280 "God is our refuge..." they go. 796 00:57:23,280 --> 00:57:26,840 "He's a very present help in trouble." 797 00:57:34,120 --> 00:57:36,560 But although it's a sad song, 798 00:57:36,560 --> 00:57:40,480 it remains a beautiful little gift to the British people 799 00:57:40,480 --> 00:57:46,080 and an eloquent reminder of that pivotal year that he spent with us. 800 00:57:48,280 --> 00:57:53,160 And when Wolfgang grew up and looks back on his time in London, he 801 00:57:53,160 --> 00:57:57,880 didn't seem to remember the trouble of it, he remembered the joy. 802 00:57:57,880 --> 00:58:04,280 He claimed in later life that he was a dyed-in-the-wool Englishman. 68917

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.