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London, 1765.
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A scientist had been granted access to an extraordinary specimen.
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It was said to possess magical abilities
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never before seen in the natural world.
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But this specimen did not belong to the animal kingdom.
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It was in fact a little boy
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by the name of Wolfgang
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Amadeus
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Mozart.
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And he was now to be the subject of a rigorous examination.
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With Wolfgang at the keyboard, the scientist went about his work.
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He scrutinised Wolfgang's technique,
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he dissected his compositions,
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placing the boy on musical trial.
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But what had Mozart done to deserve such an interrogation?
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It was all because of this.
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MUSIC: Symphony No.1 by Mozart
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While in London, and at just eight years of age,
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Mozart had composed this...
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his first ever symphony.
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It was such an extraordinary achievement by such a young boy
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that few people believed that he'd really done it.
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That's just beautiful.
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I can't quite believe that there hasn't been some sort of trick
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or scam here. I just can't believe that he was only eight years old.
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But it was true, and this is the fascinating story of the
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pivotal year that little Mozart and his family spent in London.
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Mozart found it more difficult than he expected when he came to London.
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What began with the thrill of a royal performance ended...
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in an unexpected way.
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But it was here in London
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that Mozart found musical inspiration.
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I think there is a sense that the musical style that he was
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imbibing in London was one that would hold him
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in good stead for the whole of his career.
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And it was here, 250 years ago,
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that Mozart made a musical breakthrough,
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blossoming from a child prodigy performer
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into a powerful new composer.
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His adventures in London changed Mozart's life
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and would change the history of music for ever.
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I'm lucky enough to work at Hampton Court Palace...
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PIANO PLAYS
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..and when our visitors have left the building and the gates have
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been locked, I can often be found playing at the Chapel Royal's piano.
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For me, tickling the ivories with a little bit of Mozart
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is one of life's pleasures.
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But I have to confess that when I was much younger,
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I found Mozart's music a real challenge.
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When I was learning the piano, all I really wanted to play was big,
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gushy, romantic music with lots of pedal, like this.
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But, because my hands were quite small,
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my teacher always made me play Mozart.
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I thought that it was prissy, uptight, little-girl music,
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and because I had to spend so much time with Mozart
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when I wanted to be somewhere else,
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he was my arch nemesis.
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These hands just weren't nimble enough.
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Let's face it, they still aren't, really!
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Though I still haven't mastered Mozart, I've come to appreciate
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his amazing gifts and the great music that he's given to the world.
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And what's astounding is the fact that he was writing completed,
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perfect pieces of music at the age of just eight years old.
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And when he grew up, he fulfilled all expectations - he's given us
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some of the greatest symphonies and concertos
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and just plain tunes that the world's ever known.
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He really was a genius.
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But it was in London that Mozart gave us
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the first signs that he would become a great composer.
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When other eight-year-old boys
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were at home playing with their tin soldiers,
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little Mozart was whisked away to a foreign land where
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he'd compose his very first symphony.
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It's an extraordinary tale,
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and it begins in Mozart's hometown of Salzburg.
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MUSIC: The Magic Flute Overture by Mozart
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18th-century Salzburg was a small but proud principality,
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nestling in the foothills of the Austrian Alps.
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As you make your way along the narrow and winding streets,
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you'll come across a grocer's shop and up above it was
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the rented apartment that was the home of the family Mozart.
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Long before Wolfgang was even a twinkle in his father's eye,
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music was made here both day and night.
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His mother, Anna Maria, could both read and play.
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Their daughter Nannerl was an exceptional keyboard performer.
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And at the helm of family life was Leopold - court musician,
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composer and, above all, master music teacher.
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Now, even if Leopold hadn't been Wolfgang's dad,
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we'd still know his name today,
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because of this venture.
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This is the first edition of a book he published called
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The Violin School.
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Here's Leopold himself, proudly hogging the frontispiece.
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It's a series of tutorials for learning to play the violin.
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And as you work through the exercises,
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Leopold gets tougher and tougher with you.
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But people liked this, the book was a bestseller.
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It made him quite a lot of money.
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And it's lasted.
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If you've studied the violin,
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to this day, it's likely that at one point or another,
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you will have played one of Leopold's difficult exercises.
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With a success like this,
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the Mozart family's life seems to be on a comfortable path.
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But in 1756, the very same year that this book was published,
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their lives would be irrevocably changed.
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It was at eight o'clock on the evening of 27th January that
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Anna Maria gave birth to a very special child.
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He was their seventh,
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but five of his predecessors had died in infancy.
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As devout Catholics,
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the Mozarts had the boy baptised that very same night.
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And the name they chose was Wolfgang Mozart.
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As he grew up surrounded by music,
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he soon began to display extraordinary talents.
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Horst Rieschenbock is a Mozart obsessive and he knows how
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little Wolfgang gave the first indication of his musical genius.
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Horst, can you tell me what's special about this piece of music?
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It is out of the notebook Leopold collected for Nannerl,
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and Wolfgang heard the piece and wanted to play it, too.
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It was surprising for Leopold that this young boy, only four years old,
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was able to learn it - learn to play it in half an hour at night.
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- In half an hour?
- Yes.
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- It only took him half an hour to learn this piece?
- Exactly.
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Actually to play that. He didn't memorise it, he just played it.
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It was surprising for Leopold.
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So Leopold wrote into the notebook,
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"Wolfgang learnt this piece on January 24th 1761,
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"three days before his fifth year, between 9 and 9.30 in the evening."
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- Impressive.
- Yes, it's unbelievable for us.
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What is half an hour for such a piece?
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What do you think it was like for Leopold?
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For Leopold was surprising -
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I think he couldn't understand what Wolfgang actually was.
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Shall we see how a 40-year-old can do it?
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- You're 40 years old?
- I am!
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As Leopold watched his son breeze through evermore complex pieces,
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he began to plan an epic journey across Europe.
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Believing his son to be a genuine gift from God,
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he wanted to exhibit Wolfgang's talents to the world.
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And as was common for any 18th-century musician,
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he hoped to secure a lucrative position for Wolfgang at one
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of Europe's wealthy royal courts.
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But travel in the 18th century was no mean feat.
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The Mozart family would have packed up a huge
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amount of luggage for their journey into the unknown.
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As well as their clothes and the letters of introduction,
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a telescope would have been useful
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for spying out the way on strange roads.
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I think I can see a highwayman over there(!)
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They could expect to be paid in all sorts of different currencies,
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and that's where the scales comes in.
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If a dodgy-looking Frenchman gives you a Louis d'or, a golden Louis,
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then you use this particular weight to check that it's a good one
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and that he hasn't short-changed you.
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They could have cured practically any illness,
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I imagine, with this enormous range of drugs in this dinky little case.
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Look at all of them.
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And they also needed home comforts.
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As an English person, I completely approve of this item - it's a
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beautiful case for carrying their sugar and their tea.
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In July 1763,
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Wolfgang, Nannerl, their mother
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and their father Leopold left Salzburg.
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Together, they travelled north through the dense forests of Bavaria
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and out into the lowlands of Europe.
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Munich, Mannheim, Brussels and Paris -
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everywhere they went, Leopold had garnered letters of introduction
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and palace doors were opened to them.
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Kings, queens and aristocrats were amazed at the performances
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that Wolfgang put on.
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But no matter where they went, Leopold would hear
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talk of another place - a musician's paradise with a lucrative
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concert scene that was different to anywhere else in Europe.
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He heard tell of a city where the inhabitants loved foreign musicians
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and showered them with money.
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This was a city of unrivalled musical opportunities.
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Leopold felt he couldn't possibly miss this, so he changed course -
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he took his children across the sea for the first time.
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Their destination was London.
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In the 18th century,
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London was the place to be for any travelling musician.
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The city had grown rich on Britain's burgeoning empire,
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but it was money that made London's music scene unique.
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Elsewhere in Europe, concert life was dominated by the courts,
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but here, a wealthy merchant class had emerged.
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They had become willing and generous
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patrons of music at the forefront of a new fashion for public concerts.
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'Conductor Ian Page understands how London was irresistible
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'to the Mozart family.'
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London had the money. It was the wealthiest,
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the biggest, the most successful city in Europe,
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- and they just bought people in.
- The star players?
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Yeah, so they were the leading composers -
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Johann Christian Bach and Abel, two leading German composers,
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were living and working full time in London,
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and the leading figures of the day were all congregating in London.
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You know, they were looking for the best performers,
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the best composers and the best entertainment.
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MUSIC: Aria by Thomas Arne
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In London, little Wolfgang was soon plunged into a new
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musical wonderland, which was to have a profound
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influence on his entire musical life.
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This aria, by the English composer Thomas Arne,
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was one of Mozart's favourites.
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Listen to the pizzicato by the cellos...
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..and the sustained strings accompanying the voice.
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These are motifs that Mozart would play with again and again
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in HIS later operas.
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Barely had the music begun to feed into his prodigious little mind
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when Wolfgang was whisked away to give his first big performance.
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It wasn't to be in London's fabled West End,
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but in yet another royal palace.
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Just five days after arriving, Wolfgang and Nannerl
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were summoned to play before King George III.
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But such a big concert, so early into their stay, was no accident.
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Since leaving Salzburg, Leopold had obsessively
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begged for letters of introduction.
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And one of them, which he'd obtained in Paris,
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landed on the desk of the Groom of the Stool.
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It's a testament to Leopold's networking abilities
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that his letter of introduction was able to penetrate
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so deep into the heart of the palace.
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The Groom of the Stool was one of the top court officers.
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He was intimate with the King.
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In centuries gone past,
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he'd literally attended the King on the close stool.
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Yes, that's his toilet.
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By now, the groom's duties were more ceremonial,
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but he was still influential.
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If you wanted an audience with George III,
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this was the man who had the ear of the King.
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THEY PLAY THE HARPSICHORD
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And the Mozarts now had the ear of the King.
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Together, Wolfgang and his sister Nannerl put on a virtuoso display.
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With four hands perfectly synchronised on the harpsichord,
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they wowed their royal audience.
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So Hannah, this duet, we think this is something pretty
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much like Wolfgang and Nannerl would have played for the King?
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Yes. Certainly while they were in London, they definitely
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played with four hands on the same keyboard and, apparently,
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they were the first people to actually do that in London.
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And how did the evening unfold?
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- By all accounts, they had a pretty good time.
- Yes, by all accounts.
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They were there for four hours, from six o'clock
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until ten o'clock in the evening,
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and the King gave Mozart keyboard works for Mozart to play
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prima vista - "at first sight". He accompanied Queen Charlotte
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while she sang an aria, and a flautist for a solo.
250
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Certainly they went down really well.
251
00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:30,000
Leopold said they were treated with the most extraordinary kindness
252
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:33,720
and they were so friendly that they were able to forget that they
253
00:18:33,720 --> 00:18:36,040
were the King and Queen of England at all
254
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:37,640
and then, a few days later,
255
00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:40,400
they'd been out for a walk in St James's Park
256
00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:43,440
and the royal carriage had gone past and the King had
257
00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:46,440
popped his head out of the window to wave to them and greet them, so...
258
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It seems that they got on very well.
259
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:56,560
Wolfgang must have made his father a very proud parent.
260
00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:58,960
It was just a shame for Nannerl that girls,
261
00:18:58,960 --> 00:19:02,840
however skilful they were, made less of an impression.
262
00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:09,640
And now Leopold dreamt of the rich reward that was
263
00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:12,760
sure to come his way from the royal purse.
264
00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:19,480
But he would be a little disappointed.
265
00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:26,200
George III had the reputation of being rather a frugal king.
266
00:19:26,200 --> 00:19:28,160
He was parsimonious.
267
00:19:28,160 --> 00:19:31,360
The press had great fun with this. They were always mocking him
268
00:19:31,360 --> 00:19:35,920
for it, but to the Mozart family, it wasn't a joke.
269
00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:39,720
They were really counting on George's generosity.
270
00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:45,760
And so, when they opened up the purse that he gave them,
271
00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:47,600
it was a bit disappointing.
272
00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:50,840
It only contained 24 guineas.
273
00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:56,440
Compared to what they'd earned on the Continent,
274
00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:59,000
24 guineas was a paltry sum.
275
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:01,560
And certainly not enough for life
276
00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:04,480
in an expensive city like London.
277
00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:10,240
From their apartment in Cecil Court in the West End, Leopold
278
00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:12,640
wrote letters home to his banker,
279
00:20:12,640 --> 00:20:14,600
Lorenz Hagenauer, in Salzburg.
280
00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:23,000
What's interesting is that they betray
281
00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:25,200
Leopold's dawning realisation
282
00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:29,640
that Georgian London could be a very unforgiving place.
283
00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:32,880
These letters are fantastic
284
00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:37,720
because they give a complete picture of London as it was in 1764
285
00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:42,000
and, as a foreigner, Leopold takes nothing for granted.
286
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:44,240
What really strikes you on reading them
287
00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:49,160
is how full of complaints they are about the cost of living.
288
00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:52,960
Leopold complains about the tax on wine, the tax on coffee,
289
00:20:52,960 --> 00:20:56,400
how much money he has to spend to get his laundry done,
290
00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:58,600
he has to buy hair powder...
291
00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:01,640
Even a plain bowl of soup
292
00:21:01,640 --> 00:21:03,720
cost eightpence.
293
00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:05,200
London was a rip-off.
294
00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:07,400
Well, some things don't change.
295
00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:16,640
As his father kept a close eye on the coffers,
296
00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:20,560
Wolfgang practised hard, hoping for his next performance.
297
00:21:21,560 --> 00:21:25,960
It gave him a good excuse not to set foot outside.
298
00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:29,280
For the Mozarts had also discovered
299
00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:32,760
that London wasn't a very friendly place, either.
300
00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:38,880
The streets of Georgian London were full of violence.
301
00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:42,840
Leopold's letters record his amazement at seeing drunken men
302
00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:45,160
fighting in the gutter.
303
00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:48,200
William Byron, the so-called Wicked Lord,
304
00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:50,720
killed a man in a duel in a pub.
305
00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:55,040
And the family also saw 4,000 silk weavers rioting -
306
00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:59,280
they were angry about the importing of French textiles.
307
00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:01,240
Fresh from Paris themselves,
308
00:22:01,240 --> 00:22:05,160
the Mozarts also experienced this hostility.
309
00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:08,120
If you were to walk down the street in French fashion,
310
00:22:08,120 --> 00:22:11,560
as Leopold wrote, all the street urchins would run after you,
311
00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:15,840
shouting, "Bugger French, French bugger!"
312
00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:24,040
But leaving the home sometimes was unavoidable, as Wolfgang
313
00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:26,760
was dragged around to meet wealthy patrons...
314
00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:32,000
..and all the while being laughed at in the clothes his parents
315
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:34,240
had bought for him in Paris.
316
00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:39,400
Amber Butchart is a fashion historian
317
00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:42,960
and she knows exactly what little Wolfgang was going through.
318
00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:48,480
Amber, what were these French clothes that got Mozart
319
00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:50,560
heckled on the streets of London?
320
00:22:50,560 --> 00:22:52,840
Well, British and French fashions were very,
321
00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:54,840
very different at this time.
322
00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:57,920
The French fashions were incredibly ornate,
323
00:22:57,920 --> 00:23:00,680
and the embroidery on men's clothing
324
00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:02,680
could rival or even exceed
325
00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:05,400
the kind of embroidery that we're seeing on womenswear.
326
00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:09,200
- You can see spangles...
- Sequins. Highly effeminate, if I may say so.
327
00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:11,960
Highly effeminate, and the British public really viewed these
328
00:23:11,960 --> 00:23:13,640
fashions as foppish,
329
00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:16,040
as anti-intellectual,
330
00:23:16,040 --> 00:23:18,680
as just not manly enough.
331
00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:21,320
That was one of the big problems that they had with it.
332
00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:23,720
We know from Leopold's letters that he laid out quite
333
00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:26,440
a lot of money getting new English clothes for his family.
334
00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:28,080
What would they have been like?
335
00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:31,320
Well, English fashion at this time looked very different.
336
00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:34,840
As we can see over here, this is a very small version
337
00:23:34,840 --> 00:23:38,040
that we've got that might have fit a young Wolfgang.
338
00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:41,040
And it was much less decorative.
339
00:23:41,040 --> 00:23:44,080
And crucially, it's made of wool.
340
00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:47,520
Now, it's a lot more practical than silk.
341
00:23:47,520 --> 00:23:52,080
You can go riding in this, walking, hunting.
342
00:23:52,080 --> 00:23:56,000
It really reflects the idea of the country estates.
343
00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,880
So, whereas in France you have this very formal court culture built up
344
00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:04,160
around Versailles, in Britain, it's much more about spending time at
345
00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:08,480
your country estate and the outdoor pursuits that go along with that.
346
00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:11,680
You're not telling me that's a pared-down hat, though, are you?
347
00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:13,520
No, it is quite excessive!
348
00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:17,200
Leopold does actually write from London that no woman leaves
349
00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:20,560
the house without wearing a hat, and he talks about the sort
350
00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:24,040
of real variation in shapes and styles and fabrics.
351
00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:27,960
Millinery is a really important feature of fashion at this time,
352
00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:32,520
so where the dress styles themselves may be a bit more pared down...
353
00:24:32,520 --> 00:24:36,360
- You could go to town on the hat!
- Exactly! Exactly, yeah!
354
00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:45,800
Wolfgang was now happy to walk the streets in his smart woollen coat.
355
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,640
But he wasn't quite safe from embarrassment, cringing
356
00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:53,680
at his mother's spirited attempts to embrace the ways of the English.
357
00:24:55,320 --> 00:24:59,280
Mrs Anna Maria Mozart tried to fit in with her English gown
358
00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,840
and her crazy English hat.
359
00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:05,680
But there was just one little detail of Englishness which she
360
00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:08,160
could never get a taste for.
361
00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:10,040
Try as she might,
362
00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:13,720
she could not enjoy the local drink - beer.
363
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:21,560
I don't really like beer either.
364
00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:30,120
It was now high time that little Wolfgang was launched onto
365
00:25:30,120 --> 00:25:32,920
the lucrative London stage.
366
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:38,800
Public concerts were held almost every night in theatres and salons.
367
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:43,600
Leopold hoped that the Mozart children
368
00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:45,520
would be able to make a fortune.
369
00:25:49,360 --> 00:25:51,680
But it soon became clear that the concerts were
370
00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:55,120
run by a network of powerful impresarios.
371
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:01,000
They were the kingmakers of the music scene.
372
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:06,880
And in 1764, they'd already anointed their superstar of the season...
373
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:12,800
APPLAUSE
374
00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:17,840
His angelic voice had made all of London swoon and he'd helped to
375
00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:22,240
revive Italian opera, making it the most fashionable music of the day.
376
00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:32,160
He was the great castrato singer Giovanni Manzoli.
377
00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:50,920
Wolfgang and his father went along to see him
378
00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:54,240
star in the opera Adriano In Siria,
379
00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:58,440
and opera singer Randall Scotting knows exactly what
380
00:26:58,440 --> 00:27:00,600
they would have witnessed.
381
00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:06,360
Apparently, he had quite a beautiful, sweet voice.
382
00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:08,960
It was defined as clear and brilliant
383
00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:11,760
but the thing that really struck the audience was how
384
00:27:11,760 --> 00:27:15,160
loud his voice was - it was often described as voluminous.
385
00:27:20,360 --> 00:27:25,280
So we have Manzoli, the smooth Italian superstar...
386
00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:26,800
He hoovers up all the money
387
00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:29,200
and the success of the season, really, doesn't he?
388
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:32,320
That's true, and I think Leopold Mozart found it a bit more difficult
389
00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:34,440
than he expected when he came to London.
390
00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:36,680
He writes a letter to his friend
391
00:27:36,680 --> 00:27:40,600
and says that Manzoli is the only person who is actually making
392
00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:44,880
any money this season, and his fee for the season was £1,500,
393
00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:48,280
which at the time was an exorbitant sum.
394
00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:50,160
To put it into context,
395
00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:54,440
a maid in London would have made £6 per year.
396
00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:02,240
While Leopold saw Manzoli as a dangerous rival,
397
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:04,920
Wolfgang was entranced,
398
00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:07,400
and he pestered his father to see the great singer
399
00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:09,480
whenever the chance arose.
400
00:28:10,720 --> 00:28:13,520
And Manzoli too became intrigued by the Prodigy.
401
00:28:15,520 --> 00:28:17,800
They became great friends, apparently,
402
00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:19,640
the admiration was very mutual.
403
00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:22,280
I think Mozart saw Manzoli on stage
404
00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:26,200
and was quite taken with his presentation, but Manzoli,
405
00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:29,560
likewise, was quite interested in the young prodigy Mozart
406
00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:32,920
and he offered him voice lessons and became a friend of the family
407
00:28:32,920 --> 00:28:34,960
while the Mozarts were in London.
408
00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:38,120
That's a friendship that continued to thrive.
409
00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:43,000
To become friends with a superstar like Manzoli had a profound
410
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:45,720
influence on the young Mozart.
411
00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:48,560
As he became tutored in the intricacies of writing
412
00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:51,080
for the voice, Wolfgang would later cast
413
00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:57,040
Manzoli as the lead in one of his earliest operas - Ascanio In Alba.
414
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:03,520
APPLAUSE
415
00:29:06,920 --> 00:29:11,120
But as the applause rang around his ears, Leopold Mozart was sure
416
00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:15,760
that his son could rival Manzoli for success on the London stage.
417
00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:21,120
But to do it, he knew that he'd have to return to advertising
418
00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:22,760
and marketing.
419
00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:29,880
Mm, Mozart chocolate cream.
420
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:34,280
If you go to Salzburg today, you can
421
00:29:34,280 --> 00:29:39,480
pick up all sorts of Mozart memorabilia, like this pencil.
422
00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:44,000
Or...Nannerl liqueur. Mm!
423
00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:50,160
And I think this is my favourite - a Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart snow globe.
424
00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:54,320
Now, you might think that this merchandising is a modern idea -
425
00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:55,680
it isn't.
426
00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:59,200
When Leopold arrived in the very commercial world of Georgian London,
427
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:03,320
he had to use every trick he could to create hype for his family.
428
00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:05,840
He, too, produced merchandising.
429
00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:11,360
You could buy a souvenir print showing them as a harmonious group.
430
00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:13,960
Here's Leopold on his violin,
431
00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:16,040
Wolfgang on the harpsichord,
432
00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:18,320
and Nannerl the singer.
433
00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:22,160
Leopold also placed adverts in the papers.
434
00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:26,040
Here's one announcing a concert at the Great Room in Spring Garden
435
00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:30,320
near St James's Park, and Leopold does write good copy.
436
00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:34,760
The concert's to be for the benefit of Miss Mozart of 11
437
00:30:34,760 --> 00:30:39,640
and Master Mozart of seven years of age, prodigies of nature.
438
00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:42,920
So Leopold is using every trick in the book to try to create
439
00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:45,880
a buzz about these performances.
440
00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:50,640
But I do detect old Leopold in getting a bit carried away here,
441
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:54,120
because Master Mozart was no longer, technically speaking,
442
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:56,480
a child of seven years of age.
443
00:30:56,480 --> 00:31:01,040
By this point, he was a slightly less impressive child of eight.
444
00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:08,600
True to his billing, little Wolfgang didn't disappoint.
445
00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:12,960
His first public concert was a resounding success,
446
00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:14,880
pulling in 100 guineas.
447
00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:20,560
It seemed that his conquest of London was well underway.
448
00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:26,800
But the city would not be conquered that easily.
449
00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:36,320
It was during a rush to get ready for a performance that
450
00:31:36,320 --> 00:31:41,440
Wolfgang saw his father fall suddenly, desperately ill.
451
00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:52,600
A simple chill had developed into an alarming case of flu...
452
00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:57,400
..and Leopold became convinced that he was at death's door.
453
00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:03,000
For an eight-year-old boy and his family far from home,
454
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:06,280
this must have been a terrifying turn of events.
455
00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:13,560
Leopold's illness was a disaster for the family.
456
00:32:13,560 --> 00:32:16,920
Without him, they couldn't organise concerts to earn money, and
457
00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:21,760
they couldn't take Wolfgang about to continue his musical education.
458
00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:25,640
But much worse than that was the risk that Leopold might
459
00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:29,840
actually die, leaving them stranded in London.
460
00:32:33,400 --> 00:32:37,800
Despite the morbid atmosphere that had settled onto the house,
461
00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:39,960
little Wolfgang kept himself busy.
462
00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:43,760
And he would turn this disaster
463
00:32:43,760 --> 00:32:47,280
into the triumphal moment of his early musical life.
464
00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:54,160
With Leopold marooned in bed, Wolfgang had a tiny
465
00:32:54,160 --> 00:32:58,080
taste of freedom from his father's controlling presence.
466
00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:01,800
He couldn't perform in concerts, he couldn't even practise,
467
00:33:01,800 --> 00:33:05,320
because the noise would disturb the sick man.
468
00:33:05,320 --> 00:33:08,800
So, instead, Wolfgang started writing music down,
469
00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:12,160
and I don't mean short little pieces, like he'd done before -
470
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:16,120
he now wrote his first full-length symphony.
471
00:33:20,720 --> 00:33:25,000
The symphony was the most daunting challenge for any composer,
472
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:27,200
let alone an eight-year-old boy!
473
00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:33,080
Blending together multiple instruments and sustaining the
474
00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:38,120
magic over three movements, it was a supreme test of skill and invention.
475
00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:42,320
But with the music he'd heard in London still marching
476
00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:46,360
through his mind, Wolfgang picked up his pen and paper.
477
00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:54,000
Conductor Ian Page understands little Mozart's amazing achievement.
478
00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:59,120
Ian, here's a facsimile of what Wolfgang actually wrote.
479
00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:00,640
How does it strike you?
480
00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:03,640
Does it look like the work of an eight-year-old to you?
481
00:34:03,640 --> 00:34:04,920
I find it really beautiful.
482
00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:07,760
I mean, no, you wouldn't know that that was by an eight-year-old,
483
00:34:07,760 --> 00:34:11,560
would you? I mean, the writing... is really interesting.
484
00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:13,640
There are bits of crossings out,
485
00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:15,960
it's playful as an eight-year-old would be.
486
00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:18,440
He slipped into Italian,
487
00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:21,960
he calls himself "Signor Wolfgang a London".
488
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:25,240
You know, he knows the odd word of Italian!
489
00:34:25,240 --> 00:34:27,400
He knows that it's the language of music.
490
00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:29,960
And then as soon as he starts writing out the notes,
491
00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:32,840
not a blemish, which is really amazing.
492
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:35,440
When you look at the melody and the way he's harmonised it,
493
00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:38,320
do you see the influence of Georgian London there?
494
00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:43,000
On one level, yes, and on another level, not at all.
495
00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:44,360
It's sort of unique to Mozart.
496
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,520
I think that's what's so interesting about this piece
497
00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:50,280
and the whole of his time in London.
498
00:34:50,280 --> 00:34:53,360
On one hand, these opening three bars...
499
00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:05,480
..they could absolutely be by JC Bach
500
00:35:05,480 --> 00:35:08,080
or any of the composers writing in London.
501
00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:09,960
It's a sort of call to attention.
502
00:35:13,960 --> 00:35:17,840
And Mozart, later in life, would often write similar openings.
503
00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:21,400
Or...
504
00:35:23,720 --> 00:35:26,280
And of course we need to remember that, in those days,
505
00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:30,000
they didn't have electricity, so it needed a device to get
506
00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:33,000
- the audience to shut up and stop talking.
- Oh, right, OK!
507
00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:35,200
So pieces would open with a fanfare,
508
00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:37,600
partly as a mechanism to get attention,
509
00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:40,760
because there wasn't the thing of house lights suddenly going down.
510
00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:43,360
When we get onto this next bit, it seems to me like these
511
00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:47,080
- are really clever, sophisticated chords, is that right?
- Completely.
512
00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:50,840
Basically, we've got a series of chords, there's not really any tune.
513
00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:03,200
And just to give a sense of momentum,
514
00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:05,880
he takes the baseline away from the downbeat.
515
00:36:09,720 --> 00:36:13,000
So, suddenly, there's more momentum and direction.
516
00:36:21,040 --> 00:36:26,080
But then, for me, the thing that makes it totally unique to Mozart
517
00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:27,800
is quite big discords.
518
00:36:30,320 --> 00:36:32,560
- So...
- Yeah. That's...weird.
519
00:36:36,120 --> 00:36:37,280
So...
520
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:39,920
You just have a sense of someone
521
00:36:39,920 --> 00:36:42,160
seeing how far he can push things
522
00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:44,920
before his dad says, "No, you're not allowed to do that."
523
00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:47,040
And maybe this would have been less good
524
00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:48,880
if his dad had been downstairs, too.
525
00:36:48,880 --> 00:36:52,160
Maybe there's something quite nice about the fact that Dad was...
526
00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:54,000
- Out of the way.
- ..off-limits.
- Yeah.
527
00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,840
What's it like for a whole orchestra to be playing this?
528
00:36:59,840 --> 00:37:04,040
- Is it technically easy or difficult?
- Bits are...
529
00:37:04,040 --> 00:37:07,000
Particularly in the last movement, the third movement,
530
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:10,440
there are bits of second violin writing that are really difficult,
531
00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:12,480
so there are things like...
532
00:37:15,640 --> 00:37:17,960
And it's sort of fussy for them.
533
00:37:23,080 --> 00:37:25,520
So, in later life, he wouldn't have done that.
534
00:37:25,520 --> 00:37:27,160
He would have found a more...
535
00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:30,280
I mean, I think there's something... From a performer point of view,
536
00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:34,080
if music's really difficult, you want it to sound difficult.
537
00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:37,720
Something like this is more difficult to play than it sounds.
538
00:37:37,720 --> 00:37:41,800
Whereas the virtuoso school of writing something that
539
00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:46,320
sounds fiendishly difficult is much more satisfying for the performer,
540
00:37:46,320 --> 00:37:49,200
because people say, "Ooh! That was clever."
541
00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,600
- Just before we finish, could we play that really lovely bit again?
- Yeah.
542
00:37:56,600 --> 00:37:57,920
PLAYS WRONG NOTE
543
00:37:57,920 --> 00:38:00,120
- Oh!
- Ew!
- That was my fault.
544
00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:02,360
That's TOO discordant!
545
00:38:05,360 --> 00:38:08,800
THEY PLAY TOGETHER
546
00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:23,080
It's beautiful.
547
00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:28,800
Now recovered, Leopold set to work,
548
00:38:28,800 --> 00:38:32,640
sure that his eight-year-old composer would finally
549
00:38:32,640 --> 00:38:34,920
conquer London.
550
00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:39,800
Working into the night, Leopold struck deals.
551
00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:45,320
He sweet-talked musicians and he spread the hype, pulling together
552
00:38:45,320 --> 00:38:50,120
the pieces of an irresistible event that nobody could afford to miss.
553
00:38:52,720 --> 00:38:55,240
Finally, a date was set.
554
00:38:55,240 --> 00:38:59,400
It was to be on 21st February 1765,
555
00:38:59,400 --> 00:39:01,720
at the Haymarket Theatre,
556
00:39:01,720 --> 00:39:07,240
that Wolfgang's first symphony would be unveiled to the world.
557
00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:14,360
MUSIC: Symphony No.1 by Mozart
558
00:39:30,480 --> 00:39:34,720
The call to attention sounded out, and the music filled the hall.
559
00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:42,960
The layout of the orchestra, with its strings and woodwind
560
00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:45,880
and brass sections, was typical of London.
561
00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:53,520
Already, we can hear Mozart's trademark sounds coming through.
562
00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:10,280
Using period instruments, these performers bring
563
00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:14,680
the vibrancy of Wolfgang's original composition to life.
564
00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:29,440
Hannah Templeton knows what the audience would have witnessed.
565
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:34,640
Did Wolfgang conduct his own first symphony?
566
00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:37,960
Well, there wasn't a conductor who would stand in the middle,
567
00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:40,880
as we normally have today.
568
00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:42,600
There was a concertmaster,
569
00:40:42,600 --> 00:40:44,440
who was the first violinist,
570
00:40:44,440 --> 00:40:46,960
and he would have led the orchestra in
571
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:49,520
and maybe directed specific entries.
572
00:40:49,520 --> 00:40:52,240
If there were maybe some untidy moments,
573
00:40:52,240 --> 00:40:56,080
then he might have stepped in to give a little bit more direction.
574
00:40:56,080 --> 00:41:00,440
As for what Mozart did, he may have been playing the harpsichord.
575
00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:05,360
If he did have a role in directing his own symphony,
576
00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:08,360
then he might have been up front with the concertmaster.
577
00:41:08,360 --> 00:41:11,600
I love the idea that there could have been this eight-year-old
578
00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:13,400
going, "And now you, and now YOU!"
579
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:14,760
THEY LAUGH
580
00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:47,480
As the audience were led into the slow second movement,
581
00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:51,800
they would have marvelled at the prodigy's deft arrangement
582
00:41:51,800 --> 00:41:54,720
and the beautiful chords played by the horns.
583
00:42:36,320 --> 00:42:40,840
But strange as it may seem, it may have been quite difficult to
584
00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:45,760
appreciate Mozart's music at the time, because by today's standards,
585
00:42:45,760 --> 00:42:48,960
the audience got up to some rather shocking things.
586
00:42:51,320 --> 00:42:55,720
They would chat, even when the music was playing, not just in between
587
00:42:55,720 --> 00:43:00,840
movements, so there might have been a constant murmur of chatting.
588
00:43:00,840 --> 00:43:03,680
If they saw somebody else that they wanted to go and talk to,
589
00:43:03,680 --> 00:43:07,400
then they might have got up and walked over to them.
590
00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:09,800
So you would have had people walking around, they would
591
00:43:09,800 --> 00:43:11,680
have had refreshments.
592
00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:14,160
It's astonishing to think then, that during Mozart's
593
00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:16,920
first symphony ever, people might have just been talking.
594
00:43:16,920 --> 00:43:19,600
It's really hard for us to imagine now, isn't it?
595
00:43:19,600 --> 00:43:21,680
If you so much as rustle a programme,
596
00:43:21,680 --> 00:43:24,360
then you get a frown from the person next to you.
597
00:43:50,360 --> 00:43:52,440
At just over ten minutes,
598
00:43:52,440 --> 00:43:55,960
the symphony form was much shorter than we'd expect today.
599
00:43:58,520 --> 00:44:02,280
But as the third and final movement came to a close,
600
00:44:02,280 --> 00:44:04,960
Leopold was in for a shock.
601
00:44:06,040 --> 00:44:08,560
All around him were empty seats.
602
00:44:11,240 --> 00:44:12,960
Hmm.
603
00:44:12,960 --> 00:44:16,560
Despite the big build-up to this night, it's possible that
604
00:44:16,560 --> 00:44:20,560
Leopold was left a little disappointed by his concert.
605
00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:23,760
He'd done everything he could to make it a success.
606
00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:25,760
This had been his big chance
607
00:44:25,760 --> 00:44:28,720
to introduce a new composer to the world.
608
00:44:28,720 --> 00:44:32,680
And he wanted to get what he called "a good catch of guineas".
609
00:44:32,680 --> 00:44:36,680
And yet, only 260 people turned up
610
00:44:36,680 --> 00:44:39,400
to a venue which we believe
611
00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:41,280
held around 800.
612
00:44:42,360 --> 00:44:44,560
Perhaps this was the point at which
613
00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:48,320
Leopold started to believe that dark forces were
614
00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:51,120
working against the Mozart family.
615
00:44:55,240 --> 00:44:58,240
The adulation they'd hoped would follow Wolfgang's
616
00:44:58,240 --> 00:45:02,240
extraordinary musical breakthrough never quite materialised.
617
00:45:03,920 --> 00:45:08,000
And it was now that Leopold became gripped with paranoia.
618
00:45:09,760 --> 00:45:12,320
He had good reason.
619
00:45:12,320 --> 00:45:15,640
In the months following the performance, vicious rumours
620
00:45:15,640 --> 00:45:22,560
began to appear in the inky world of pamphleteers and gossip columnists.
621
00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:24,320
(Malice...)
622
00:45:24,320 --> 00:45:28,320
This gossip attacked the entire Mozart family.
623
00:45:29,880 --> 00:45:33,400
There were stories of deception and daylight robbery.
624
00:45:34,440 --> 00:45:38,560
The accusation was that Wolfgang wasn't quite so young as his father
625
00:45:38,560 --> 00:45:43,040
said that he was. It was claimed that he was really
626
00:45:43,040 --> 00:45:45,480
just a very small man of 30.
627
00:45:46,880 --> 00:45:52,240
Leopold now had no choice but to enter a war of words.
628
00:45:56,680 --> 00:45:58,800
This is a copy of a letter
629
00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:03,640
that appeared in the Public Advertiser in May 1765.
630
00:46:03,640 --> 00:46:06,680
This could be Leopold's writing, it could be a friend of his,
631
00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:08,120
it's unsigned.
632
00:46:08,120 --> 00:46:12,320
But this is basically a fightback in behalf of the Mozart family
633
00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:17,720
against these malevolent remarks that have been circulating.
634
00:46:17,720 --> 00:46:21,120
People have been saying that Wolfgang is not in fact
635
00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:26,120
a child of eight years old, but that he's really a teeny-tiny man
636
00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:32,320
reduced by some defect of nature to an insignificancy of person.
637
00:46:35,440 --> 00:46:38,200
It appears that little Wolfgang had become
638
00:46:38,200 --> 00:46:42,000
the victim of jealousy in the musical world.
639
00:46:44,240 --> 00:46:49,360
Someone, somewhere, it seemed, wanted him out of London's West End.
640
00:46:56,480 --> 00:47:00,600
Leopold's letters home reveal his changed attitude towards
641
00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:02,920
the city that had once promised so much.
642
00:47:04,280 --> 00:47:09,160
"London," he writes, "is a dangerous place, where the inhabitants
643
00:47:09,160 --> 00:47:13,240
"have no religion, and it's filled with evil."
644
00:47:18,240 --> 00:47:20,520
Simon McVeigh is a music historian
645
00:47:20,520 --> 00:47:23,320
who understands Leopold's state of mind.
646
00:47:25,880 --> 00:47:28,120
Something clearly went awry
647
00:47:28,120 --> 00:47:30,320
because he starts to complain
648
00:47:30,320 --> 00:47:34,600
in some of his other references, other letters,
649
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:36,400
that he wasn't getting the support
650
00:47:36,400 --> 00:47:39,280
that he used to and that he was expecting.
651
00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:45,280
So he started to lose touch in some way and you get a certain sense that
652
00:47:45,280 --> 00:47:51,960
their time in London was unravelling as the months went past in 1765.
653
00:47:51,960 --> 00:47:54,720
He writes as if "there are dark forces
654
00:47:54,720 --> 00:47:58,160
- "working against me", almost, doesn't he?
- Yes, he does.
655
00:47:58,160 --> 00:48:00,080
Um, I mean...
656
00:48:00,080 --> 00:48:02,920
he was somewhat inclined
657
00:48:02,920 --> 00:48:06,840
towards conspiracy theories like this.
658
00:48:09,680 --> 00:48:12,960
Determined to rescue the good name of the Mozart family,
659
00:48:12,960 --> 00:48:14,800
he hatched a plan,
660
00:48:14,800 --> 00:48:20,320
inviting the London public to test Wolfgang's skill for themselves.
661
00:48:21,840 --> 00:48:24,600
Adverts started to appear in the press.
662
00:48:24,600 --> 00:48:26,440
They'd been placed by Leopold,
663
00:48:26,440 --> 00:48:30,400
who now threw down the gauntlet to the London public.
664
00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:34,320
He challenged allcomers to visit the Mozarts at their home
665
00:48:34,320 --> 00:48:38,920
in the West End to see young Wolfgang for themselves.
666
00:48:38,920 --> 00:48:42,080
If you came, you were able to test the boy,
667
00:48:42,080 --> 00:48:46,520
you could try his musical capacity by giving him anything to play
668
00:48:46,520 --> 00:48:52,520
at sight, or test his notation skills - you could sing a tune,
669
00:48:52,520 --> 00:48:55,080
which he will write upon the spot
670
00:48:55,080 --> 00:48:58,560
without recurring to his harpsichord.
671
00:48:58,560 --> 00:49:00,720
LM.
672
00:49:00,720 --> 00:49:03,120
Leopold Mozart.
673
00:49:05,640 --> 00:49:09,240
We don't know how many strange people came knocking at the door
674
00:49:09,240 --> 00:49:10,520
to take up this offer,
675
00:49:10,520 --> 00:49:14,760
but little Wolfgang must surely have noticed one man who seemed
676
00:49:14,760 --> 00:49:18,560
extra specially interested in what he could do.
677
00:49:20,480 --> 00:49:24,840
Daines Barrington considered himself to be one of life's true
678
00:49:24,840 --> 00:49:30,120
Renaissance men and spent his life in constant pursuit of obscure
679
00:49:30,120 --> 00:49:33,320
fields of study he could make his own.
680
00:49:35,160 --> 00:49:40,280
Mr Daines Barrington was a man of wide and rather peculiar interests.
681
00:49:40,280 --> 00:49:43,200
He researched the possibility of travelling to the
682
00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:46,240
North Pole - from the comfort of his own study.
683
00:49:46,240 --> 00:49:48,760
He claimed to have discovered the last surviving
684
00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:51,400
speaker of the Cornish language -
685
00:49:51,400 --> 00:49:54,240
until several others came forward!
686
00:49:54,240 --> 00:49:58,800
And he spent several years conversing with birds in order
687
00:49:58,800 --> 00:50:01,240
to write a book about their language.
688
00:50:01,240 --> 00:50:04,280
Although, as we know, birds can't speak.
689
00:50:04,280 --> 00:50:06,000
"Hello, Mr Barrington."
690
00:50:09,040 --> 00:50:12,040
When he heard of the rumours surrounding Wolfgang,
691
00:50:12,040 --> 00:50:13,720
it fired his imagination.
692
00:50:15,560 --> 00:50:19,840
He aimed to subject the boy to scientific testing that would
693
00:50:19,840 --> 00:50:24,200
sort fact from fiction, and settle the matter once and for all.
694
00:50:25,720 --> 00:50:29,040
Yvonne Amthor is a historian of science.
695
00:50:29,040 --> 00:50:32,120
She's going to subject me to the very same tests
696
00:50:32,120 --> 00:50:34,520
as Barrington set little Wolfgang.
697
00:50:36,280 --> 00:50:39,440
Leopold very specifically in his advertisements addressed
698
00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:42,000
- the lovers of science.
- Yes.
699
00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:45,760
And Daines Barrington would have seen himself as such
700
00:50:45,760 --> 00:50:49,400
and therefore was very much attracted - wanting to
701
00:50:49,400 --> 00:50:52,640
observe the boy, wanting to see his musical abilities.
702
00:50:52,640 --> 00:50:54,520
What were these tests, then,
703
00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:56,800
that Daines Barrington administered?
704
00:50:56,800 --> 00:51:00,400
Well, I'm going to ask you to try a couple of them.
705
00:51:00,400 --> 00:51:04,600
We know for sure about two tests, because he's described them
706
00:51:04,600 --> 00:51:06,640
quite well in his notes,
707
00:51:06,640 --> 00:51:09,920
and he actually asked Mozart to play
708
00:51:09,920 --> 00:51:13,320
by sight-reading a five-part piece.
709
00:51:13,320 --> 00:51:15,400
Now, we haven't got that here,
710
00:51:15,400 --> 00:51:19,520
- so I'm going to ask you to sight-read...
- OK.
711
00:51:19,520 --> 00:51:23,960
..and play a sonatina instead.
712
00:51:23,960 --> 00:51:25,640
A sonatina, OK.
713
00:51:27,400 --> 00:51:30,160
Oh, dear, it's in two sharps!
714
00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:39,160
Unlike me, Wolfgang made short work of this sight-reading test.
715
00:51:39,160 --> 00:51:43,720
But now Barrington turned his attention to the great controversy -
716
00:51:43,720 --> 00:51:47,640
Wolfgang's supposed ability to compose.
717
00:51:47,640 --> 00:51:50,800
- Does it get worse than this?
- It actually does.
718
00:51:50,800 --> 00:51:54,720
One of the tests that Daines Barrington actually asked
719
00:51:54,720 --> 00:51:57,720
Mozart is to make up a love song
720
00:51:57,720 --> 00:52:01,000
in the style of an operatic tune.
721
00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:04,000
A love song in the style of an operatic tune?
722
00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:07,640
- Made up on the spot?
- Made up on the spot.
- OK.
723
00:52:09,480 --> 00:52:11,360
# Here it is!
724
00:52:12,560 --> 00:52:16,120
# My song, a song of love... # YVONNE LAUGHS
725
00:52:18,120 --> 00:52:20,240
# ..Is going wrong... #
726
00:52:20,240 --> 00:52:22,840
She's laughing at my song of love!
727
00:52:24,480 --> 00:52:27,280
I think you can easily turn that into a song of rage now!
728
00:52:28,960 --> 00:52:33,360
- A song of rage?
- That would have been his second task.
729
00:52:33,360 --> 00:52:35,480
SHE WAILS
730
00:52:37,120 --> 00:52:40,200
- Sorry!
- IN A DEEP VOICE: # Rage! #
731
00:52:41,240 --> 00:52:43,440
Yes, he would have very much made up
732
00:52:43,440 --> 00:52:47,280
any kind of nonsense or words just to express those feelings.
733
00:52:50,480 --> 00:52:54,480
The test came to an end when Wolfgang lost interest
734
00:52:54,480 --> 00:52:56,600
and went to play with his hobbyhorse.
735
00:52:57,640 --> 00:53:00,160
In his report to the Royal Society,
736
00:53:00,160 --> 00:53:04,160
Barrington said that Mozart was not a fake.
737
00:53:04,160 --> 00:53:09,680
He wrote that the boy's genius and invention was most astonishing.
738
00:53:09,680 --> 00:53:13,800
Such a report would have restored the Mozarts' credibility
739
00:53:13,800 --> 00:53:17,920
had it not taken Barrington THREE YEARS to publish.
740
00:53:20,120 --> 00:53:23,040
It was now clear that the Mozarts could no longer afford
741
00:53:23,040 --> 00:53:26,080
to keep trying to win over the London public,
742
00:53:26,080 --> 00:53:30,920
and as they scraped together the funds they needed to leave,
743
00:53:30,920 --> 00:53:36,240
Wolfgang was booked to play a final series of concerts.
744
00:53:37,920 --> 00:53:41,440
RECORDING PLAYS
745
00:53:43,920 --> 00:53:49,320
In July 1765, little Wolfgang took to the keyboard to play
746
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not for a king, not for a queen,
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a lord or his lady,
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but for bleary-eyed drunks in a London pub.
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They started putting on performances at the Swan and Hoop tavern
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in the City, the other end of town
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from the fashionable West End.
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In this bewildering world, Wolfgang played daily from 12 till three...
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..churning out keyboard tricks to the tune of a couple of shillings.
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There's no doubt about it,
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this was just off the radar as far as normal events were concerned.
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This wasn't the kind of venue that the elite musicians would
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frequent for their musical adventures. This was something else.
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So he's sucking out the pips of London, really, it's the last dregs.
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Yes, it was at the low end
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of music-making in London's musical calendar,
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there's no doubt about that.
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Once feted by royalty,
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the boy who would become the world's greatest composer ended
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his stay in London by providing the soundtrack to a boozy lunch.
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But looking back,
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I do think that London gave young Wolfgang a host of experiences
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that inspired and influenced his later glittering career.
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Firstly, he'd seen perseverance in action -
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he'd watched his father working really hard to get some
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traction for the Mozart family in a cut-throat musical environment.
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Secondly, London had made Wolfgang into an ambitious composer.
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He'd arrived as a performer, but he left as somebody
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capable of making music from scratch - that happened here.
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And finally, and perhaps most importantly,
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I like to think that this pub performance taught Wolfgang
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something essential - that his music
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had to appeal to everybody, from kings...to boozers.
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On 24th July 1765,
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the Mozart family left London never to return.
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But before departing, they made time for some sightseeing.
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On a trip to the Royal Menagerie,
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little Wolfgang got frightened by the roar of the lions.
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But the highlight was a special tour around the newly opened
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British Museum, where children normally weren't allowed.
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And as if in thanks, little Mozart left the museum a gift,
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a gift to the nation, if you like.
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It was the manuscript of a short choral work
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rarely performed these days,
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but he wrote it specially for us.
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Uniquely, among all of Wolfgang Mozart's work,
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the words are in English.
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It says on it "1765 in London".
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When you look at the words, I think that they are appropriate
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for the Mozart family's quite troubled time in London.
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"God is our refuge..." they go.
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"He's a very present help in trouble."
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But although it's a sad song,
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it remains a beautiful little gift to the British people
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and an eloquent reminder of that pivotal year that he spent with us.
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And when Wolfgang grew up and looks back on his time in London, he
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didn't seem to remember the trouble of it, he remembered the joy.
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He claimed in later life that he was a dyed-in-the-wool Englishman.
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