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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 1 00:00:01,130 --> 00:00:02,430 Here's an example of an early 2 2 00:00:02,430 --> 00:00:05,500 work breakdown structure for developing an airplane. 3 3 00:00:05,500 --> 00:00:08,600 If you're going to build a new airplane you can't just wing it. 4 4 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:10,593 You need some organization. 5 5 00:00:10,593 --> 00:00:13,520 So the WBS breaks this large effort down 6 6 00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:16,973 into individual pieces that are so much easier to handle. 7 7 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:20,970 The second level collects related items together, 8 8 00:00:20,970 --> 00:00:23,600 including the Air Vehicle, Program Management, 9 9 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:25,883 Test and Evaluation, Training, etc. 10 10 00:00:26,740 --> 00:00:29,363 And the third level defines individual deliverables. 11 11 00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:33,882 Although you could show a WBS as an indented list, 12 12 00:00:33,882 --> 00:00:36,900 it is usually shown graphically like this, 13 13 00:00:36,900 --> 00:00:38,450 since the picture format communicates 14 14 00:00:38,450 --> 00:00:40,913 so much more information quickly. 15 15 00:00:43,351 --> 00:00:45,540 Here's an example work breakdown structure 16 16 00:00:45,540 --> 00:00:46,653 for building a shed. 17 17 00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:49,450 The second level provides categories 18 18 00:00:49,450 --> 00:00:52,460 to help organize the WBS for clear presentation: 19 19 00:00:52,460 --> 00:00:56,253 Preparation, Assembly, Installation, and Closeout. 20 20 00:00:56,253 --> 00:00:58,840 In this case, they follow a chronological flow 21 21 00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:02,100 left to right, but this doesn't have to be the case, 22 22 00:01:02,100 --> 00:01:03,710 and can be organized in any way 23 23 00:01:03,710 --> 00:01:06,700 that seems best for clear communication, 24 24 00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:09,210 since the precedence diagram prepared later 25 25 00:01:09,210 --> 00:01:10,680 is the vehicle for figuring out 26 26 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:13,093 and documenting chronological dependencies. 27 27 00:01:14,201 --> 00:01:16,490 The third level of the WBS shows 28 28 00:01:16,490 --> 00:01:18,690 the actual deliverables themselves. 29 29 00:01:18,690 --> 00:01:21,763 The things that will be produced during the project. 30 30 00:01:23,570 --> 00:01:26,393 Let's use this example to illustrate a key concept. 31 31 00:01:27,470 --> 00:01:30,730 A deliverable is an output, a result, 32 32 00:01:30,730 --> 00:01:35,053 something you can touch and is passed on to others. 33 33 00:01:36,320 --> 00:01:39,120 Therefore, we don't want to document the activities 34 34 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:41,490 that go into producing the deliverable, 35 35 00:01:41,490 --> 00:01:43,863 as the WBS would get impossibly complex. 36 36 00:01:44,730 --> 00:01:46,750 From the project manager's point of view, 37 37 00:01:46,750 --> 00:01:48,340 the key elements of the project 38 38 00:01:48,340 --> 00:01:52,183 are just the deliverables, the work outputs. 39 39 00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:55,400 The activities required to produce the deliverables 40 40 00:01:55,400 --> 00:01:58,220 can be left to the team members in charge of them, 41 41 00:01:58,220 --> 00:02:00,923 as part of the internal workings of the deliverable. 42 42 00:02:02,620 --> 00:02:05,690 So, should both the drive to the store 43 43 00:02:05,690 --> 00:02:08,793 and the materials purchase be deliverables? 44 44 00:02:10,940 --> 00:02:14,150 No, the drive to the store is just a step 45 45 00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,443 along the way to the main output, the materials. 46 46 00:02:18,300 --> 00:02:19,479 And there are other ways the materials 47 47 00:02:19,479 --> 00:02:22,343 could be acquired such as having them delivered. 48 48 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:26,683 As long as we get the materials, the project can proceed. 49 49 00:02:27,900 --> 00:02:32,020 So here's the right WBS with just the outputs. 50 50 00:02:32,020 --> 00:02:33,770 Not complicated with activities 51 51 00:02:33,770 --> 00:02:35,853 describing how they will be produced. 52 52 00:02:36,860 --> 00:02:39,600 The project manager, and other team members, 53 53 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:42,030 need to know what everyone will be producing 54 54 00:02:42,030 --> 00:02:45,303 and passing onto others as the project proceeds. 55 55 00:02:46,200 --> 00:02:48,200 The activities inside each deliverable can be left 56 56 00:02:48,200 --> 00:02:50,963 to the team member in charge of that deliverable. 57 57 00:02:53,540 --> 00:02:56,223 Here's another WBS, for making a supper. 58 58 00:02:57,110 --> 00:02:59,830 The second level provides some organizing categories. 59 59 00:02:59,830 --> 00:03:03,153 And the third level documents the deliverables themselves. 60 60 00:03:04,170 --> 00:03:06,061 Each deliverable is an interim output 61 61 00:03:06,061 --> 00:03:08,223 required to complete the meal. 62 62 00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:12,470 Let's consider again the key concept that a deliverable 63 63 00:03:12,470 --> 00:03:15,653 must be an output that is passed onto others. 64 64 00:03:16,669 --> 00:03:18,530 Are both reading the cookbooks 65 65 00:03:18,530 --> 00:03:20,763 and selecting the menu deliverables? 66 66 00:03:22,427 --> 00:03:26,421 No, reading the cookbooks doesn't have an output. 67 67 00:03:26,421 --> 00:03:31,373 It's really an activity, a way to get the menu selected. 68 68 00:03:32,450 --> 00:03:35,200 If Jane is responsible for selecting the menu, 69 69 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:36,660 she might read cookbooks, 70 70 00:03:36,660 --> 00:03:38,960 she might use an online recommendation system, 71 71 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:41,110 she might already know what menu she wants. 72 72 00:03:42,380 --> 00:03:44,290 So here is the right WBS, 73 73 00:03:44,290 --> 00:03:46,853 showing just the menu as a deliverable. 74 74 00:03:47,790 --> 00:03:49,720 From the point of view of the project, 75 75 00:03:49,720 --> 00:03:52,090 how it is selected can be left to the person 76 76 00:03:52,090 --> 00:03:55,983 in charge of it, as an activity inside the deliverable. 77 77 00:03:58,310 --> 00:04:01,330 Here's another WBS, for a real project. 78 78 00:04:01,330 --> 00:04:02,910 To prepare a consolidated standard 79 79 00:04:02,910 --> 00:04:05,140 for United Nations partners to decide 80 80 00:04:05,140 --> 00:04:08,513 which small arms need to be cleared from conflict areas. 81 81 00:04:08,513 --> 00:04:11,840 We'll see a precedence diagram for this project later. 82 82 00:04:11,840 --> 00:04:14,170 It's organized into categories at the second level, 83 83 00:04:14,170 --> 00:04:16,450 to collect related deliverables together. 84 84 00:04:16,450 --> 00:04:19,763 And the third level are the deliverables themselves. 85 85 00:04:22,670 --> 00:04:25,280 Finally, here's a WBS for a department 86 86 00:04:25,280 --> 00:04:27,100 process improvement project, 87 87 00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:29,710 to develop updated processes and a floor plan 88 88 00:04:29,710 --> 00:04:32,600 to improve the productivity of a department. 89 89 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:35,840 As a user, I went through a similar project once. 90 90 00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:38,210 What I remember most was they bought us more printers 91 91 00:04:38,210 --> 00:04:39,840 so people didn't have to walk as far 92 92 00:04:39,840 --> 00:04:42,453 when they need a printout, very impressive. 93 93 00:04:43,610 --> 00:04:46,400 The deliverables are collected into four categories: 94 94 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:48,410 Business Processes, Floor Plan, 95 95 00:04:48,410 --> 00:04:50,493 Training, and Project Management items. 96 96 00:04:51,563 --> 00:04:56,125 Each deliverable is a tangible output with a defined finish. 97 97 00:04:56,125 --> 00:05:00,525 Even implement new floor plan will have a document output 98 98 00:05:00,525 --> 00:05:02,920 since once the new floor plan is implemented 99 99 00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:03,833 there will be some kind of document 100 100 00:05:03,833 --> 00:05:06,470 signed to confirm it is complete. 101 101 00:05:06,470 --> 00:05:08,350 Perhaps an inspection report, 102 102 00:05:08,350 --> 00:05:10,133 perhaps just an email confirmation. 103 103 00:05:11,770 --> 00:05:14,140 We will use this simple project as an example 104 104 00:05:14,140 --> 00:05:17,183 to illustrate some key concepts later in the course. 9369