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So I've created a map with a page layout,
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with all of the basic map elements that I need including my map data.
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What I want to do now is show you some basic, simple,
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quick things that you can do to improve the actual map design for this.
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It'll improve the communication,
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it will improve the way it looks, and overall,
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you'll just end up with something that's just a much more pleasing,
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useful map that's easier for people to interpret and to understand.
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So one of the first things I'm going to do is point out to
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you that the area that I actually want to focus on,
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which is Toronto, is oriented in a funny way in terms of the relation to the page layout.
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So, I have north pointing straight up.
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When I do that, I've got this kind of strange angle to Toronto.
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So, one of the things people tend to think,
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especially when they're starting out, is that North must point up.
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Well, it doesn't have to, and I'll show you how you can adjust the rotation of the map to
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make the area that you're mapping fit better on your page layout.
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I can add a tool bar called DataFrame tools,
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and this will allow me to actually rotate the DataFrame.
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I happen to know that if I put in 342 degrees,
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I can make my map so that the top of Toronto is parallel with the top of my DataFrame.
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So when I do that,
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I can actually zoom in on Toronto a bit.
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Let's try a scale of 200,000.
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You can zoom in a bit more.
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So, the detail of the city,
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of the area that I'm mapping is a little easier to see.
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I've zoomed in. I've increased the map scale.
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I've made a larger map scale.
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You'll notice when I do this,
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that north does not point straight up anymore.
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That is not a mistake.
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It's not a disaster.
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It's not something horrible.
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You're allowed to do that.
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Usually, it's okay.
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I tend to think that it's most acceptable when you're not going very far from north.
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In this case, it's not that far off.
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If it was wildly off,
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then maybe you'd want to think carefully
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about whether that's going to be confusing to people.
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But in this case, all I'm saying is north is a little bit off and it's a way that you can
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see the layout of my mapped area a little more clearly. That's it.
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So, a little trick you can use.
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So let's start moving things around a little bit.
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Maybe I want my scale,
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north arrow to the way a little bit.
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Just move my north arrow there.
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The next thing I'd like to do is make the data that I'm trying to show people,
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which is population density for the City of Toronto,
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a little more easy to interpret.
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If I just have it all the same color,
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you can't really see the data at all.
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So, let's make a choropleth map. I'll show you how to do that.
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If I right-click on this Feature Class,
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and go to Properties,
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and then go to Symbology,
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I can select Quantities, Graduated colors.
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I'm going to use a value for this.
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I happened to know, I don't have them labeled in here.
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They happen to know that column 11 is population density for the City of Toronto,
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and I can choose a color ramp for that.
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So, this is actually a pretty nice one.
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I'll use that to just to make it pop a little bit.
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So, you'll see that this has actually giving me five classes,
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and it's based on natural breaks or jenks.
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I'm going to actually changed that classification to quantiles I think that's
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actually a little easier to interpret in
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terms of relative positions of different classes.
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So, I'm going to have five quantiles, say,
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"Okay," and that's changed my class boundaries.
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Now, I can also change the labels.
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You'll notice that I've got all these extra trailing zeros that I don't really need.
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I've got one significant digit really after the decimal place.
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So, maybe what I'll do is right-click on that say
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Format Labels and reduce the number of decimal places down to one.
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I'm going to add thousands separators.
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I think sometimes it makes it easier to read.
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So, now the labels for my legend will be a little more clear,
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and I can say "Okay."
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So, now I've got a legend where the classes indicate the population density.
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So, the lighter the value,
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the lower the density.
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The darker the value, the higher the density.
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So, that looks okay.
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So, you'll notice that by default, in my legend,
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it's got a subtitle here of
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COL11 because that was the name of the field I used to do the mapping with.
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I could actually change that.
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I can just go up to the table of contents here and say, "By quantile."
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I think that's actually more useful information,
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so that when someone is looking my legends,
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it's really obvious to them that they're looking at
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people per square kilometer by quantile.
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Now, what else can we do?
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You know what? I think I'm going to make Lake Ontario a nice blue.
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Let's make it.
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Well, let's go with the blue that as we recommends.
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We'll start with that and see how that looks with no outline color, and say, "Okay."
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I'm going to do the same kind of thing here.
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Instead of just going with a default feature class name that was in the geodatabase,
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which is Lake_Ontario, I can easily just change this in the table of contents,
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and it will change it in the legend.
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So, now it says Lake Ontario in the legend.
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Now, I've already got a label on the lake that says Lake Ontario.
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So, do I really need this in the legend at all?
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Maybe not, you don't always have to include everything every time in every legend.
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I think it's, again, it's something people cling to when they're starting,
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they're like, "Well, that's easy for me to remember."
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If so, it's not a bad thing to have it in there,
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but I could just as easily take it out.
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If I right-click on my Legend and say,
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"Properties," and go to General,
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I can select Lake Ontario and just remove it from the Legend.
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I think it's safe to do that here because it's not something
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that it's going to really confuse people,
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especially if I make sure that the lake itself is labeled.
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So, my legend is starting to look a little bit better.
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Now I'm going to work a little bit on the background here.
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I want to improve the figure ground.
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I think that the, there's a couple of things that I think are good or bad,
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are working, not working.
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You'll see that this is just the default color that
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ArcMap gave the census tracks outside of the city.
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So, what I want to point out here is that I actually included those.
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If I didn't, then you end up with this blank void around your mapped area.
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Sometimes that's okay.
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If it's a simple map for a figure in a report or something like that, that's okay,
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but I often find that it looks better and
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provides a little more context if you have something in the background,
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and it does help establish a better figure-ground relationships.
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So if I include that,
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it fills out the map better.
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Note that I'm using census tracks for the background,
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which is the same type of unit I'm using for the foreground.
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So, they go together.
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It makes sense to use those.
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Then, I'm going to change it,
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so that there's something subtle like a very light gray.
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Actually, I'm going to lighten that up even more.
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Yes, I'm going to change the value of this to higher.
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So, it's gray, but it's a very light gray.
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Then, the outline color is going to be just a slightly darker gray.
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So, you'll notice now that the census tracks are still visible, but they're subtle.
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I want them to look like they're in the background.
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I want to make it clear to the map reader that the foreground of the map,
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the figure of the map is the magenta area and the ground,
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the background is the lake in the surrounding census tracts.
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One thing I could do just to tailor things even a little bit more is go to
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the properties for my choropleth map,
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and I select all of the values here,
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and right-click and say,
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"Properties for Selected Symbols."
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The outline color, I can make something that would match the map a little bit better.
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So, I'm going to make it sort of this dark purple,
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maybe this purple here, and say, "Okay."
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So, now, instead of just going with the default gray,
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I've got a color that complements the feel of my choropleth map a little bit better,
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so that you have something that's just not always black or gray in the background,
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but it's something that just enhances or complements the map a little bit better.
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I should change this to something a little more informative.
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So, let's say, "Census tracks outside study area."
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So, now we've got a legend that's looking pretty good.
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Something else I could do just to clean things up a little,
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this is just me being a little bit finicky,
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is for the frame itself,
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the color of the border, I can make it complements the lake a little bit more.
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So, I could make it just sort of a blue but slightly darker than the background lake.
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So, now you can just barely see it.
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So, that outline is delineating the legend from the lake itself but in a very subtle way.
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You'll notice, by the way, that the legend is white.
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I didn't leave it hollow,
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so that you have this blue underneath all of the text.
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It's too hard to read. You have to have the white fill
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with a legend if you're going to have a different color in the background.
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If it's the same color in the background,
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you don't necessarily have to have a frame around the legend at all.
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Just some other things I can do to finish this off.
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For example, I can customize the scale bar here.
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So, for example, I can change the Scale and Units.
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I'd like them to be in kilometers. That works for me.
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If I wanted, I could change the text that's used,
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the font, the size,
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the color, and so on.
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You can customize the Numbers and Mark.
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So, for example, if I wanted,
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I could change the symbol to something that's a different color,
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so it matches the blue background of the lake.
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Obviously, you don't want it to match exactly,
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but you want it to be something that is similar.
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So, I might go with a darker blue or something like that.
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Let's just see how that looks.
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Say, "Okay." So, that's for the text itself.
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So, that actually looks pretty good.
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I could do the same thing for the rest of the legend.
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I can change the color of the labeling for the units.
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I can change the color of the bar itself.
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Say, "Okay." So, now I've got a scale bar that's more subtle.
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It complements the color of the lake,
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but it's visible if your map reader really
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wants to have a look at it. There's a few steps there.
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You don't need to do this for every map that you create,
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but it's a nice touch if you put a little bit of extra customization into it.
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I can customize the north arrow as well.
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If I just right-click on that and select Properties,
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I can change the color to something that's complementing the lake,
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such as that, and say, "Okay."
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So, now the north arrow is matching the scale bar.
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Again, it's subtle. It's there,
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but it's not as obvious.
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Now we can change the properties for Lake Ontario.
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I think what I'll do here is use the serif fonts,
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something like Cambria.
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I want to make it a little bit larger.
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Let's make it, say, 16, italics,
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and the same blue I'm using for my other map symbols. Say, "Okay."
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So, now I've got something that follows a style convention for bodies of water.
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It's italic, it's that darker blue color.
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I've used a serif font, which I think was a nice touch for it there.
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So, now I'm starting to like the way things look.
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I'm going to move my legend a little bit,
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so it's framed nicely in the corner.
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So, I hope you've seen that I've been able to greatly improve
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the map design with only a few steps and really not that much effort or time required.
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Let's say this map is perfect.
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There's always room for a little bit of improvement here and there,
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but I think I've taken something that was pretty lousy.
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If you just go with the default colors and line thicknesses and so on for a map,
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you're not going to get something that looks great.
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But if you spend a little bit of time and look at the placement of the map elements,
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the balance, the colors,
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the figure versus ground to make sure that relationship is clear,
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you customize the legend to make sure that that's interpretable for somebody,
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they can see what that's about, what's there,
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what's supposed to be, understood about that.
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If you put all these things together and spend a little bit of time and effort on these,
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you'll end up with a map that looks so much better,
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and people will just be more impressed by it
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hopefully and will be able to interpret that more efficiently,
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and that's really what this is about,
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as you're meant to be trying to communicate something quickly,
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easily, and efficiently so that someone looks at your map and they can understand it.20737
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