Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,250
If I ask you, what's the subject of this slide?
2
00:00:03,250 --> 00:00:05,945
What is it that your eye is focusing on?
3
00:00:05,945 --> 00:00:13,370
Okay, I think, it's pretty obvious that it's this circle here, right?
4
00:00:13,370 --> 00:00:14,710
Yeah, I mean, okay,
5
00:00:14,710 --> 00:00:15,920
if you want to be smart, yes,
6
00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:19,170
there's a title down here but let's ignore that for a second, right?
7
00:00:19,170 --> 00:00:20,765
I'm talking about visual hierarchy.
8
00:00:20,765 --> 00:00:22,810
So, there's a reason for this,
9
00:00:22,810 --> 00:00:27,075
is that your eye is looking for things that stand out that are different,
10
00:00:27,075 --> 00:00:28,590
and that's what they're going to focus on.
11
00:00:28,590 --> 00:00:31,605
Your brain is actually really good at tuning out things that are the same.
12
00:00:31,605 --> 00:00:33,850
What it's looking for new information.
13
00:00:33,850 --> 00:00:36,060
So, if you look at this,
14
00:00:36,060 --> 00:00:37,230
there's not much information,
15
00:00:37,230 --> 00:00:38,765
nothing is changing, and your brain goes,
16
00:00:38,765 --> 00:00:40,460
"Um, not much to see here."
17
00:00:40,460 --> 00:00:42,720
But you add this in and suddenly your brain says,
18
00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:45,020
"Okay, this is something I'm supposed to focus on."
19
00:00:45,020 --> 00:00:47,310
But why is it that you're supposed to focus on?
20
00:00:47,310 --> 00:00:48,835
What's making that happen?
21
00:00:48,835 --> 00:00:53,660
Well, the fact is that it's in the center of the slide,
22
00:00:53,660 --> 00:00:56,325
so your eye is drawn towards the center.
23
00:00:56,325 --> 00:00:58,220
The fact that it's high-contrast,
24
00:00:58,220 --> 00:01:00,665
so it's dark compared to the background.
25
00:01:00,665 --> 00:01:03,830
We actually even have a dark circle as
26
00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:07,280
a ring around the edge of it to help delineate it from the background.
27
00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:09,360
It's very well contained.
28
00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:12,185
Because it's a circle, it's not some weird shape.
29
00:01:12,185 --> 00:01:15,440
All of these things are contributing to the fact that your brain wants
30
00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:18,550
to see this as the subject of this map.
31
00:01:18,550 --> 00:01:19,655
So, that, of course,
32
00:01:19,655 --> 00:01:23,480
makes it high in the visual hierarchy in that what your brain
33
00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:27,840
is drawn to first to your eye is going to be seen as more important.
34
00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:30,070
What if I put a grid behind it?
35
00:01:30,070 --> 00:01:31,640
When I put a gradient like this,
36
00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:33,620
the first thing that your brain does,
37
00:01:33,620 --> 00:01:36,450
and I think, this happens without even thinking about it,
38
00:01:36,450 --> 00:01:43,350
is you automatically want to see this grid as being under the circle, okay?
39
00:01:43,350 --> 00:01:46,780
It's not. I don't mean to blow your mind,
40
00:01:46,780 --> 00:01:48,710
but these lines actually ends,
41
00:01:48,710 --> 00:01:50,260
the gridlines end at the circle,
42
00:01:50,260 --> 00:01:54,290
there's nothing magical in the screen where those gray
43
00:01:54,290 --> 00:01:58,875
photons or whatever or some house streaming underneath that blue circle,
44
00:01:58,875 --> 00:02:01,440
but your brain wants to think that it's underneath.
45
00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:04,580
That's fine, that's actually a good thing for us because what it
46
00:02:04,580 --> 00:02:08,240
does is it makes us think that this grid is farther back,
47
00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:13,330
it's farther away from us and that this circle is closer to us.
48
00:02:13,330 --> 00:02:18,110
So, now, we have this visual distance that's also a way of looking at visual hierarchy.
49
00:02:18,110 --> 00:02:22,605
Things that are closer to us tend to be interpreted as being more important.
50
00:02:22,605 --> 00:02:25,670
Things that are farther away are seen as less important.
51
00:02:25,670 --> 00:02:28,815
So, just by putting in this little grid in the background,
52
00:02:28,815 --> 00:02:30,860
I've made the circle more important.
53
00:02:30,860 --> 00:02:32,695
If this will relate to maps, of course,
54
00:02:32,695 --> 00:02:34,600
we can use things like a graticule or
55
00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:38,705
a grid of latitude and longitude or things like that to
56
00:02:38,705 --> 00:02:42,550
put something in the background that makes the subject of our map
57
00:02:42,550 --> 00:02:47,475
more close to the viewer and higher in the visual hierarchy.
58
00:02:47,475 --> 00:02:54,220
So, we're able to change the visual level in a way to indicate rank or value,
59
00:02:54,220 --> 00:02:55,960
and really that just means importance.
60
00:02:55,960 --> 00:02:57,270
So, when I'm talking about rank or value,
61
00:02:57,270 --> 00:02:59,960
it's like what is it that's more important,
62
00:02:59,960 --> 00:03:02,735
less important, higher value, lower value.
63
00:03:02,735 --> 00:03:05,955
So, the subject, this circle, in this case,
64
00:03:05,955 --> 00:03:08,630
but anything that's the subject of the map is called
65
00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:13,380
the figure and the background is oddly enough called the ground.
66
00:03:13,380 --> 00:03:15,960
So, we have a figure-ground relationship.
67
00:03:15,960 --> 00:03:19,910
That's something that we want to establish and work with in order to
68
00:03:19,910 --> 00:03:24,340
help establish that's visual hierarchy.
69
00:03:24,340 --> 00:03:27,020
Just to point something out,
70
00:03:27,020 --> 00:03:31,590
is you'll notice that I put a little drop shadow on these labels.
71
00:03:31,590 --> 00:03:34,240
So, this actually, especially with the figure here,
72
00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:37,340
this drop shadow and this label looks like
73
00:03:37,340 --> 00:03:40,310
it's on top of the circle and the circle is on top of the grid.
74
00:03:40,310 --> 00:03:42,095
So, now, I have three visual levels.
75
00:03:42,095 --> 00:03:45,710
So, I did that intentionally because I want the label to
76
00:03:45,710 --> 00:03:49,580
stick out so that it's more obvious to you as you're learning about this,
77
00:03:49,580 --> 00:03:52,980
but it's also a way of indicating that there's different ways to establish
78
00:03:52,980 --> 00:03:57,180
these distances of these visual levels and to establish this visual hierarchy.
79
00:03:57,180 --> 00:04:00,670
Is not that crazy. Is not that awesome, I like.
80
00:04:00,670 --> 00:04:03,940
The figure ground, there's different ways to establish it.
81
00:04:03,940 --> 00:04:08,600
You can think of it as describing the strength of the figure-ground relationship.
82
00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:12,650
So, here, we have a weak figure-ground relationship.
83
00:04:12,650 --> 00:04:18,010
We have a circle and a grid but there's no contrast between the two.
84
00:04:18,010 --> 00:04:19,775
The circle hasn't been filled in.
85
00:04:19,775 --> 00:04:21,095
They're the same color.
86
00:04:21,095 --> 00:04:23,620
So, it's really not clear to somebody if they were looking at that,
87
00:04:23,620 --> 00:04:27,780
what is the subject of this map or this image or this graphic thing?
88
00:04:27,780 --> 00:04:29,020
If you want to think of it that way.
89
00:04:29,020 --> 00:04:32,950
So, it's unclear, and when something is unclear, it makes you work harder.
90
00:04:32,950 --> 00:04:34,130
You're kind of looking at it going,
91
00:04:34,130 --> 00:04:36,545
what am I supposed to see here?
92
00:04:36,545 --> 00:04:39,970
If you fill that circle in and make it gray,
93
00:04:39,970 --> 00:04:43,015
already, we have a stronger figure-ground relationship,
94
00:04:43,015 --> 00:04:46,330
that's what we would see here is that now it's becoming more clear to somebody,
95
00:04:46,330 --> 00:04:51,190
that the circle might be more important or higher in our hierarchy.
96
00:04:51,190 --> 00:04:54,845
Then, if I fill in that circle, give it a color,
97
00:04:54,845 --> 00:04:58,320
and have an outline or that
98
00:04:58,320 --> 00:05:02,640
darker blue to distinguish it or differentiate it from the grid,
99
00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:05,420
then we have an even stronger relationship.
100
00:05:05,420 --> 00:05:08,510
So, we go from an unclear figure-ground relationship
101
00:05:08,510 --> 00:05:11,525
to a more clear figure-ground relationship.
102
00:05:11,525 --> 00:05:13,400
If we look at this map,
103
00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:17,090
I purposely tried to use a similar way of establishing
104
00:05:17,090 --> 00:05:23,450
this figure-ground relationship and visual hierarchy is that you can see that the map,
105
00:05:23,450 --> 00:05:27,680
I use a thick line to delineate the outline of the subject area that
106
00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:32,755
the mapped area itself is darker and higher contrast than the background.
107
00:05:32,755 --> 00:05:36,955
So, instead of using a grid as the background for the map,
108
00:05:36,955 --> 00:05:38,350
well, I mean like a square grid,
109
00:05:38,350 --> 00:05:41,665
I've actually used a road network so that,
110
00:05:41,665 --> 00:05:46,699
and I've used a light gray background for that as well to do the same effect,
111
00:05:46,699 --> 00:05:51,710
so it looks like the road network is farther away or underneath the subject of the map.
112
00:05:51,710 --> 00:05:56,760
So, we have a visual level here and a different visual level here.
113
00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:59,900
I also put water in here but it's very light color
114
00:05:59,900 --> 00:06:02,910
to make it fill in the map but it's still background.
115
00:06:02,910 --> 00:06:06,265
If the water had been a really, I don't know,
116
00:06:06,265 --> 00:06:08,490
bright blue or really dark blue,
117
00:06:08,490 --> 00:06:10,950
that wouldn't work as well because then people would start to say,
118
00:06:10,950 --> 00:06:12,750
"Well, why is that so obvious?
119
00:06:12,750 --> 00:06:14,210
Why is that so prominent on the map?
120
00:06:14,210 --> 00:06:15,530
Maybe I should be looking at that."
121
00:06:15,530 --> 00:06:16,960
When really that's not what I want.
122
00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:18,540
What I want is for them to say, "Oh,
123
00:06:18,540 --> 00:06:20,170
there's a light blue there, that's water."
124
00:06:20,170 --> 00:06:21,640
But that doesn't seem to be the subject,
125
00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:22,775
let's look at some other things.
126
00:06:22,775 --> 00:06:27,000
So, that's the thing I'm going for here is a way of,
127
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,440
what I'm trying to get you to see here is that there's these,
128
00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:34,545
I can talk about abstract things like circles and grids in squares in saturation,
129
00:06:34,545 --> 00:06:37,130
but how does that relate to what you're actually doing on your map,
130
00:06:37,130 --> 00:06:40,700
the decisions you're making in the software in relation to,
131
00:06:40,700 --> 00:06:44,080
do I make it this color or that color or this thickness or that thickness?
132
00:06:44,080 --> 00:06:46,490
So, I wanted to show you a real example of a map and say,
133
00:06:46,490 --> 00:06:48,430
"Oh, so that's what we're talking about."
134
00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:52,795
You can actually see some things are closer to the reader or farther away,
135
00:06:52,795 --> 00:06:54,820
better in terms of figure,
136
00:06:54,820 --> 00:06:56,470
ground relationship and so on.
137
00:06:56,470 --> 00:06:58,500
So, I hope that's clear.
138
00:06:58,500 --> 00:07:02,085
Another example we can look at here of figure ground is,
139
00:07:02,085 --> 00:07:03,775
if I just showed you this and said,
140
00:07:03,775 --> 00:07:05,460
what is it that you're looking at?
141
00:07:05,460 --> 00:07:09,320
Now, it's possible because it's such a famous outline that you
142
00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:13,180
might recognize Italy right away is the coastline of it.
143
00:07:13,180 --> 00:07:15,710
But even so your brain is probably trying to figure out,
144
00:07:15,710 --> 00:07:17,750
well, what is this line?
145
00:07:17,750 --> 00:07:20,070
Is this land? Is this water?
146
00:07:20,070 --> 00:07:23,190
It's a very weak figure-ground relationship.
147
00:07:23,190 --> 00:07:24,990
If I do this though,
148
00:07:24,990 --> 00:07:27,880
suddenly things start to look a little bit better because we have different colors.
149
00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:31,195
Our brain can start separating things out into separate regions.
150
00:07:31,195 --> 00:07:34,490
So, that's actually already better in terms of figure-ground,
151
00:07:34,490 --> 00:07:39,795
but it's still not really obvious what the subject is. What if I do this?
152
00:07:39,795 --> 00:07:41,730
Well, that's actually really confusing.
153
00:07:41,730 --> 00:07:44,300
I've seen people do this where they'll actually make
154
00:07:44,300 --> 00:07:47,395
the land this light blue and it's like people,
155
00:07:47,395 --> 00:07:51,450
one of the most obvious rules of a map is that if somethings light blue,
156
00:07:51,450 --> 00:07:53,770
it better be water or it might be,
157
00:07:53,770 --> 00:07:56,880
and only if it's really obvious that it's something else, okay?
158
00:07:56,880 --> 00:08:00,560
Like if it's part of a range of blues that are related to temperature something else.
159
00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:02,230
But if you're just making a regular map,
160
00:08:02,230 --> 00:08:05,545
try to avoid using light blue unless it actually is water.
161
00:08:05,545 --> 00:08:08,740
All right, so we actually have good figure-ground here in a way.
162
00:08:08,740 --> 00:08:11,390
We have good separation but it's again not really
163
00:08:11,390 --> 00:08:13,070
obvious what it is we're supposed to be looking at and
164
00:08:13,070 --> 00:08:15,190
it's a bit confusing in terms of the color scheme.
165
00:08:15,190 --> 00:08:17,160
Oh, but what if I do this?
166
00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:18,745
So, this is much better.
167
00:08:18,745 --> 00:08:23,360
So, not only do we have separation between land and water based on color.
168
00:08:23,360 --> 00:08:26,480
I've used an outline of the coastlines to separate the two.
169
00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:29,045
I've used a graticule which is the name
170
00:08:29,045 --> 00:08:31,900
that we used for the grid of latitude and longitude lines.
171
00:08:31,900 --> 00:08:35,120
Again, it makes it look like it's going under the land so
172
00:08:35,120 --> 00:08:38,615
the land becomes closer to the viewer.
173
00:08:38,615 --> 00:08:40,730
The fact that I've labeled these,
174
00:08:40,730 --> 00:08:42,470
I didn't do a super great job with these,
175
00:08:42,470 --> 00:08:43,790
I just did it relatively quickly,
176
00:08:43,790 --> 00:08:48,065
but the fact that there are outlines of countries and labels
177
00:08:48,065 --> 00:08:50,810
draws people's attention to the land
178
00:08:50,810 --> 00:08:53,680
and makes it more clear again that that's the subject of the map.
179
00:08:53,680 --> 00:08:55,950
So, we have these visual levels.
180
00:08:55,950 --> 00:08:58,740
We actually have the water on one level,
181
00:08:58,740 --> 00:09:03,315
the land on a closer level and then the labels on the land are even closer again.
182
00:09:03,315 --> 00:09:07,130
So, we have a stronger figure-ground relationship that makes it easier for people
183
00:09:07,130 --> 00:09:11,200
to interpret the visual hierarchy and figure out what it is they're supposed to focus on.15729
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.