Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,230
I want to talk about some design principles.
2
00:00:02,230 --> 00:00:04,545
We're going to start with some really simple ideas
3
00:00:04,545 --> 00:00:07,650
to how people perceive things that they're looking
4
00:00:07,650 --> 00:00:09,600
at and then we'll move into some things like
5
00:00:09,600 --> 00:00:13,290
visual hierarchy and how that relates to how people interpret information,
6
00:00:13,290 --> 00:00:16,150
whether it's a map or some other kind of graphical thing.
7
00:00:16,150 --> 00:00:17,190
As long as it's graphical,
8
00:00:17,190 --> 00:00:19,375
it's basically the same kinds of principles.
9
00:00:19,375 --> 00:00:23,340
Okay. When you look at this screen right now, it's blank.
10
00:00:23,340 --> 00:00:25,820
Right. So, your brain is kind of looking at this going,
11
00:00:25,820 --> 00:00:27,650
What am I supposed to focus on?
12
00:00:27,650 --> 00:00:30,010
What am I looking for?
13
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:34,905
When I introduce this text,
14
00:00:34,905 --> 00:00:39,250
your brain automatically starts to scan it and interpret it.
15
00:00:39,250 --> 00:00:42,500
Okay. So, whether you're reading it
16
00:00:42,500 --> 00:00:46,870
or you're listening to me seeing speech and text versus graphics,
17
00:00:46,870 --> 00:00:50,775
the point is is that you're processing that information sequentially.
18
00:00:50,775 --> 00:00:53,790
You start at the beginning and you go to the end.
19
00:00:53,790 --> 00:00:56,095
So we're doing this obviously visually,
20
00:00:56,095 --> 00:00:58,790
you start here and your brain scans
21
00:00:58,790 --> 00:01:02,760
through to the end and processes that information sequentially.
22
00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:05,270
Now, your brain is just really
23
00:01:05,270 --> 00:01:08,350
fast and you're really good at it so you don't even think about it.
24
00:01:08,350 --> 00:01:11,510
You've gotten to a point where you're not looking
25
00:01:11,510 --> 00:01:15,960
at each letter individually and going S-P-E-E-C-H,
26
00:01:15,960 --> 00:01:19,825
that spells speech, that means this like talking.
27
00:01:19,825 --> 00:01:21,940
Now, you're doing it quickly,
28
00:01:21,940 --> 00:01:24,980
but the fact is that you're still doing it sequentially.
29
00:01:24,980 --> 00:01:26,340
So, why am I talking about this?
30
00:01:26,340 --> 00:01:28,640
Because that's not what happens when you look at
31
00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:32,260
a map or any kind of graphical information.
32
00:01:32,260 --> 00:01:33,940
So, if you look at something like this,
33
00:01:33,940 --> 00:01:36,780
this is some painting I found online and it says,
34
00:01:36,780 --> 00:01:38,360
I'm joking, I know what it is.
35
00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:40,720
I've actually seen the Mona Lisa in person and it's pretty impressive.
36
00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:42,985
It's not as big as you think it is.
37
00:01:42,985 --> 00:01:47,930
Anyway, so when you look at any kind of graphics like this,
38
00:01:47,930 --> 00:01:51,620
your brain is not starting in the upper left corner and
39
00:01:51,620 --> 00:01:56,240
scanning across left to right and then going down to here and scanning,
40
00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:58,000
left to right and down.
41
00:01:58,000 --> 00:01:59,615
It doesn't work that way.
42
00:01:59,615 --> 00:02:02,060
I actually participated in
43
00:02:02,060 --> 00:02:05,330
a study in the psychology department here at the University of Toronto,
44
00:02:05,330 --> 00:02:09,220
where they did eye tracking of the way people interpret maps,
45
00:02:09,220 --> 00:02:12,415
and so they show us a map and then see where our eyes went.
46
00:02:12,415 --> 00:02:15,530
I thought Mona Lisa is a little more fun to start with,
47
00:02:15,530 --> 00:02:19,240
but I'm guessing I haven't done eye tracking on this particular.
48
00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:20,655
But if you're like me,
49
00:02:20,655 --> 00:02:23,150
probably what happens and you're not even thinking about this.
50
00:02:23,150 --> 00:02:24,650
You're not doing it voluntarily,
51
00:02:24,650 --> 00:02:29,090
but you're probably starting when you first look at this, you focus on the face.
52
00:02:29,090 --> 00:02:31,045
That's what humans are programmed to do.
53
00:02:31,045 --> 00:02:35,650
Then, you might focus on the eyes within the face and then the mouth,
54
00:02:35,650 --> 00:02:38,565
and you're interpreting meaning from that,
55
00:02:38,565 --> 00:02:40,560
based on what those look like.
56
00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:45,110
Then, you might look at the complete form of the person,
57
00:02:45,110 --> 00:02:47,360
you might look at the fact that the hands
58
00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:52,030
are put in a certain way and they're a little bit lighter than the area around them.
59
00:02:52,030 --> 00:02:54,780
Then, you might look at the background and interpret that.
60
00:02:54,780 --> 00:02:58,615
The fact that there's sky and water and a little road there.
61
00:02:58,615 --> 00:03:02,740
So your brain is probably doing something like this.
62
00:03:02,740 --> 00:03:05,240
So your eyes and your brain is going like
63
00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:09,485
this and like this and down here and over to here,
64
00:03:09,485 --> 00:03:12,515
scanning the sky, coming back, looking at this.
65
00:03:12,515 --> 00:03:14,205
Okay. You get the idea.
66
00:03:14,205 --> 00:03:17,525
So this is known as processing synoptically.
67
00:03:17,525 --> 00:03:20,035
Synoptically, instead of sequentially.
68
00:03:20,035 --> 00:03:22,640
In other words, your brain is looking at the whole thing,
69
00:03:22,640 --> 00:03:24,300
more or less at once.
70
00:03:24,300 --> 00:03:26,820
Why is this important to map design?
71
00:03:26,820 --> 00:03:31,069
Because if you change any one part of that whole image,
72
00:03:31,069 --> 00:03:34,580
you can potentially be changing the meaning of the entire thing.
73
00:03:34,580 --> 00:03:37,145
Just think of it from the point of view of the Mona Lisa.
74
00:03:37,145 --> 00:03:42,570
What if for example she was frowning instead of this kind of mysterious smile she has?
75
00:03:42,570 --> 00:03:44,630
Maybe she's got a big frown.
76
00:03:44,630 --> 00:03:46,970
Okay. What if she wasn't clasping her hands?
77
00:03:46,970 --> 00:03:48,550
Maybe she was holding something.
78
00:03:48,550 --> 00:03:54,070
What if there was storm clouds and lightning on the background or something?
79
00:03:54,070 --> 00:03:59,780
Right. Any one change to the painting would change the meaning of that painting.
80
00:03:59,780 --> 00:04:01,900
Why is she frowning? Why is she upset?
81
00:04:01,900 --> 00:04:03,175
Why is she holding that ball?
82
00:04:03,175 --> 00:04:06,720
Why is it raining? So that would change the meaning of what it is,
83
00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:08,545
and it's the same thing with the map. Believe or not.
84
00:04:08,545 --> 00:04:09,800
The symbols that you use,
85
00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:10,830
the colors that you use,
86
00:04:10,830 --> 00:04:12,230
the placements of objects,
87
00:04:12,230 --> 00:04:16,105
things like that affect the way people process that.
88
00:04:16,105 --> 00:04:19,630
Their eyes are looking for the thing that's the most important.
89
00:04:19,630 --> 00:04:24,800
They're looking for the subject of the map and if it's obvious to people,
90
00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:26,690
then they won't even think about it and they'll
91
00:04:26,690 --> 00:04:28,810
just be able to interpret it and everything will be easy.
92
00:04:28,810 --> 00:04:30,630
But iif it's not obvious,
93
00:04:30,630 --> 00:04:32,560
then it becomes much more difficult.
94
00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:36,320
They start to get frustrated and then they start doing things that you don't want.
95
00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:38,570
Like questioning whether you even know what you're talking
96
00:04:38,570 --> 00:04:41,390
about or whether this data is any good or why am I even looking at this map?
97
00:04:41,390 --> 00:04:44,295
Then of course, that's far from ideal.
98
00:04:44,295 --> 00:04:48,865
So, the design principles that we can talk about are visual hierarchy,
99
00:04:48,865 --> 00:04:53,565
figure ground, contrast, legibility, and balance.
100
00:04:53,565 --> 00:04:55,150
So, we'll explore each one of these.
101
00:04:55,150 --> 00:04:57,020
Some of them in a little more detail than others,
102
00:04:57,020 --> 00:05:00,330
but they're all important in terms of your overall map design.8544
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.