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So, this is a different version of the same data.
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This is one that I spent a little bit of time on,
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tried to do a little better job of the map design.
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This is the same geographic area, the same dataset,
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all I've done is spend some time fixing it up,
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making it look a little more pleasing to the eye.
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But, also really what's more important here
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is this I was thinking of it as being more efficient,
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that if someone is to look at this they can very quickly and
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easily understand what it is that I'm trying to show them.
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That's really what it's about. The last thing you want
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when someone's looking at your map is for
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their forehead to crinkle up and they're kind of squinting their eyes,
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and they're making a face and going, "What?
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What is this? What am I looking at?
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What does that mean?" You don't want that.
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What you want is to someone just to look and go, "Yes, got it.
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Okay. Oh yes, that's an interesting pattern you've got there." Something like that.
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That's what you're going for.
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So, I will go through this.
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I mean, redo everything that I just talked about.
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But, notice some of the things here.
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I've got a much more informative title and I put a subtitle in here as well,
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so that you know that it's the City of Toronto,
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its population density, it's by Census Tract and the data is from 2016.
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So, that's all very useful information.
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We have a frame line around the page that ties it all together.
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So, that's important.
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What else? I've got a better color scheme for the map itself,
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which is seen in the legend.
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So, we're now using a color scheme that shows rankings from low to high.
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So, lighter areas are lower values and darker areas are higher values.
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That's what people naturally would interpret that as.
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So, make sure that you use the sequence of colors that way,
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so that it works with people's assumptions instead of against them.
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Instead of putting legend up here,
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I've got people per square kilometer,
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so it's more obvious what those units are.
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I said they're by quantiles,
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so I've divided up the data or classified it into five quantiles.
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So, that makes it easy for people to see how the data classification was done.
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Sometimes people will say, "Oh well,
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you didn't use round numbers for the classes.
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It should be 0-1,000,
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and 1,001-2,000, and so on."
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That's a good idea if you can do it.
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But, often, that's what's known as an equal interval classification method.
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Often, that's not going to really show the data that well on the map.
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It's one that's restrictive.
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So, by default if you can do that,
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if it shows your data on the map, well great.
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But, often, it won't and if you really want to be able
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to show a nice pattern on your map, in other words,
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areas that are higher and lower or clusters or relationships across distance,
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those kinds of things that you're looking for,
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you have to play with different classification methods,
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numbers of classes, and so on.
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So, in this case, I felt like quantiles actually work best because it's
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a good way of emphasizing relative positions on a dataset,
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ones that are at the highest end of the population density range,
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ones that are at the lowest end, and so on.
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So, what else?
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I put in some background here.
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So, on the last map,
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you'll notice if I just go back to it for a second.
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One thing I didn't mention is that the area that's mapped,
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in this case Toronto is just sort of floating in space,
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it's just this white void.
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It's sort of like as though Toronto exists in
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this white never land with nothing around it,
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which of course is not very realistic.
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Again, I'm just trying to show you or talk about some conventions.
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Is not to say that you should never do it this way.
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But, if you have a choice,
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it's better to be able to provide some geographic context around the study area.
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So, that's what I chose to do here.
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So, since I was using Census Tracts for the dataset that I wanted to map,
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I put in Census Tracts in the background as well,
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but I didn't fill them in.
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So, that they're there if somebody was interested in
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seeing the fact that there are Census Tracts outside of Toronto,
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then they would be able to see those,
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and it really just provides a framing,
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a little bit of figure ground relationship there.
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So, it fills in the map.
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I've put in Lake Ontario as well,
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so that you see the geographic context to
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the areas that you're mapping instead of it just floating in space.
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I labeled the lake,
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I put the much simpler scale.
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I used round numbers like 10.
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I used kilometers.
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I used the simpler North arrow.
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I put the author and data source information and tucked away in the corner here,
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so it's there but it's not too dominant.
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Those are the main things.
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So, maybe you find some other things as well and I will be the
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first to say that I never feel like any map I make is perfect.
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There's always room for improvement.
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I'm pretty happy with this one.
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I think it did a decent job on it.
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But, maybe you can think of something else
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that I could have done better or that you might have done differently.
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Some things are subjective.
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In this case, I used this pinky purple color.
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I just wanted something that would stand out well especially on a screen.
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Maybe you'd prefer to use some other color range,
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so like browns or greens or something like that.
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It's not to say in most cases that that's any better or worse.
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It's just one I wanted to use here because it would
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pop a bit more and I thought it would look good.
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So, some things are subjective like that and based on taste,
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but there are still conventions there.
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So, for example, one map I saw one time in one of my courses that somebody made,
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they used this hot pink,
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it was like a bubblegum pink for the big area that they're mapping,
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and it was just too bright, too much contrast.
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It was a little too much. So, yes,
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you have some choices in terms of the colors you may choose,
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but look at other people's maps. What do they use.
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We tend to start with much more muted pastel colors and then work out from there,
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so maybe we add a little saturation to it or make it a little bit darker.
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So, work with a more conventional color scheme
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and only go to something that's a little unusual,
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a little out there if you have a good reason for it.
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Like, literally if that map was about bubblegum production in the United States,
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maybe you would pick something like that because it fits the theme,
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and it's fun and it would show something in a different way, that's interesting.
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So, there's always a reason why you might be able to use something like that.
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But, most of the time,
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just start with the more conventional ones and colors and work out from there.
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So, here's a comparison between the two and you can see it's a
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before and after of these two maps.
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Really, once you know your way around the software,
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making the nicer version of the map really doesn't
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take an enormous amount more time than the one on the left.
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I did take a bit of time, I won't lie.
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Part of those because even someone like me who's been making maps for a long time,
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I still had to think about the decisions I
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was going to make like what dataset should I use?
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I wanted to get the most current data,
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and I wanted to think about how this design would fit together,
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and what I would put in the background,
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and design choices about colors and placement and so on.
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So, it is time consuming sometimes.
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It can take awhile to get it the way you want it.
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But, I tend to find that it's fun.
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It's satisfying work to look at the finished product and think,
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"Oh, I've got something I'm really proud of that I made".
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As opposed to the before map here,
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which is something that you can tell someone just slapped together.
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They just went with the default everything,
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really and that's something I always encourage people not to
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do is to just go with whatever the default is in the software,
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whatever that default may be,
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whether it's the type of something or the size or the color.
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Always think about, is there a way that I could customize this a bit?
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Is there a way I could make it more my own or something that I think is more effective?
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So, definitely think about that.
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So, here's my before and after.
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Think about that when you're making your own maps.
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Sometimes, you may want to think of it like a draft of a paper you're writing.
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Is that you do a first draft,
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leave it for a little bit, come back later,
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work on a second draft,
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and maybe go through
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two or three drafts until you get it the way you're really happy with,
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something that you really like.
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So, when you're working on your own map design,
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think of it as a process that you're going through.
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The goal is that you want to effectively communicate
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geographic information and to strive for simplicity and clarity.
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A map is a form of communication,
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just like writing a paper is,
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writing a book, making a movie.
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What you're trying to do is tell somebody about a place.
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You're trying to get them to form a picture in
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their mind about a location on the surface of the Earth
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and to have them think about and be able to
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imagine what is going on at that location, whatever it happens to be.
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It could be something really simple like maps through an amusement park,
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how to get to the roller coaster, or it could be anything.
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But, the idea is that, you want it to be easy
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for them to understand and efficient for them to be able to
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interpret and extract the information that's relevant to them
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for whatever it is that you want them to be able to see or to understand.
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There's a couple of authors of cartography textbooks that I admire.
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One of them is Terry Slocum and he said and I quote,
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"A single optimal solution to a given mapping problem generally does not exist.
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Rather, several acceptable solutions are usually possible."
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So, I think that's important is don't ever think that there's one true solution,
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that this is the only way to make a map,
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and if you don't somehow find your way to
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that absolute perfect solution that you've made
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a mistake or that it's wrong or that your map isn't as good.
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Often, there are multiple ways of doing something,
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and some of it can be subjective some of its style,
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some of it you do want to rely on conventions especially when you're first starting out.
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But, think of it like there are multiple paths
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to something and you're trying to find your way to get there.
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Second quote or quote from another cartography author Borden Dent, he says, quote,
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"Good design is simply the best solution among many,
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given a set of constraints imposed by the problem."
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I like that quote as well is that they both
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reinforce this idea that there's lots of ways to do
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something and I find when I'm making a map anyway that
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I'll usually start with something where I can slap it together,
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I have a pretty good idea where I want it to be,
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and it'll step back and look at it and go,
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"No, that doesn't seem quite right.
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Maybe if I move this over here,
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maybe if I change this color,
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maybe if I put this here."
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So, you have to go through this process and it's something that you do get better at,
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you get faster and more efficient,
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you have go to things that you
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know work for you depending on a particular situation or whatever.
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So, you'll develop that experience as you go along,
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but it's definitely important to think about this as not
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just something to get over with as fast as you can.
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So, you take your time and have some fun with it.18886
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