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When learning about map design,
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I think it's really important for you to develop a critical eye.
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I want you to look at maps in a different way.
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Take a fresh look at them and think about what do you like about a map?
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What do you not like about a map?
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Is it confusing in some ways?
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Is there's something missing? Could you have done a better job,
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if it was yours to do?
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So what I'm going to do in this section is just talk about
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a map that's maybe not so great and then some things that can be done to improve it.
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So, this is a map I made myself.
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I'm very proud of this map,
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I think it's amazing looking,
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it's one of the best maps I've ever done and I'm hoping that you're
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already seeing from the weird expression on my face that I'm being sarcastic.
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So, yes, this is not the best map in the world.
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In fact, I've purposely made it a really lousy map because I want you
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to start to recognize things that can go wrong with a map.
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We're going to kind of critique it a little bit.
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Look at some of the things that may be wrong with it,
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I hope in your own mind you're kind of
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thinking I would have done this or you could have done that,
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and to try to encourage you to do this kind of critique.
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I should say at this point that you'll look at something like this and say "Oh,
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I would never make those kinds of mistakes."
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Believe me, I've seen these mistakes over and over again in all kinds of maps.
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It's really easy to kind of look at a map like this,
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in the abstract and sort of say,
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"Oh yeah, I know, I wouldn't have done that, I would have done that."
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But when you're making your map and you've been working on it for
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hours and you're stuck in the software and you're trying to figure out,
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how do I do this thing or you're up against a deadline.
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It's easy for these kind of mistakes to creep in. Anyway, I've said enough.
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Let's have a look at this and see if we can find,
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maybe one or two things that could be improved.
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Okay. So, let's have a look at this map and see if
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there's anything about it that we might be able to improve.
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I'll just kind of point out a few things,
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I'm sure you can find a few on your own.
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A very common thing to begin with,
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is that people use a really lousy title.
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If it's an assignment for a course for example,
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they'll just say, "Oh, well, it's Assignment 1.
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So, that should be the title."
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No. You should make the title something that's much more informative.
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Think about what you would do in a term paper or anything else that you're doing.
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The who, what, where, when, and why,
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as much of those things as you can fit in there.
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That doesn't mean that you have to put all of those in and every title and every map,
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but try to think of something a little more informative,
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that tells your reader where is this area.
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Don't assume that they know that this is,
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in this case, Toronto or wherever it happens to be.
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Maybe putting the date,
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that either the date that the map was created, or better,
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it would be the date that the data were collected, something like that.
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You might include a subtitle,
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things like that, and so let's look at some other things.
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The legend. All right.
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There's a there's a bunch of things I can talk about here.
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This is a thematic map.
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In other words, this is a map that only shows one main theme.
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It's not a reference map. So, there's really no need to put legend in here.
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There's only one thing in this legend.
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Okay. So, why put the title in there that says legend?
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You can just take that out or put in something a little more informative.
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That's one mistake. Another one is this heading here, which is ct_pop_2016,
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this is a very common mistake that people make
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when they're using GIS data and especially,
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if they haven't done this kind of stuff before,
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because that was the name of the feature class that I used to create this map.
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So, by default, the software will automatically use that name in the legend.
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So, what I would recommend that you do is change that to something more informative.
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So in this case, it could be census tracks or population 2016.
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There's lots of different ways you can do this.
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But whenever you see things like this,
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it's got lowercase letters, there's underscores,
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it makes no sense to hit somebody else,
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don't just leave it as the default,
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change it to something else.
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What about the color scheme for this legend and what you see on the map here?
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Okay. So, we've got these bright yellows,
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greens, purples, kind of an orangey-brown.
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So, what I'm hoping that you're getting from this is
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it's all too bright, too much contrast.
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The way I kind of think of this is that there's
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nothing in particular that you're meant to focus on.
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So, normally, in a map there would be one area that
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maybe that's darker than the rest or has higher contrast than the rest.
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When you have something like this,
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I always think of it like,
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if you're writing a text message to somebody in all caps or an email or something,
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that it's like you're yelling at them,
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you're kind of telling them look here,
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look over there, look at all of this, look at all.
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So, you don't want to do that,
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you want to use things that are more subtle and draw
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people's attention to one part of the map that
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you think is a particularly important part.
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Okay. So, bad color scheme.
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On top of that, you'll notice that the numbering system over here,
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in terms of the classes as we call them,
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the data classes, are sequential.
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So they go from 0 at the bottom and they go up to 82,434 at the top.
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So, we have five classes that are in a sequence,
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but the color scheme does not indicate a sequence.
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Like this kind of a color scheme,
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as bad as it is,
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might be more useful,
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say for something like land use.
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So, one area's commercial,
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one area's industrial, one area's residential,
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where there's no sequence to the dataset itself,
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then you can use colors like this to represent those classes.
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But when you do have a sequence,
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you want a color scheme,
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say from dark pink to light pink or dark blue to light blue or
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whatever color you are using to help people to see that these are a range of values.
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That's important.
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So this would be really confusing to somebody looking at that.
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While I'm on it, you'll notice that the borders of these areas,
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which we don't even know what they are, I'm only guessing,
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if I was to look at this that it says CT,
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so those would be census tracks.
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The borders of these census tracks are really thick,
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that it's really thick borders and it's too much.
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It kind of gives it this, I don't know kind of,
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play-school, primary school kind of feel to it,
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which makes your map almost look sort of clunky.
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When people see these kinds of things,
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they have less confidence in the map because they think, well,
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they didn't put a lot of time into this map,
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so maybe it's not that good,
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which may not be true at all.
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Maybe it's great data, but your people,
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you're kind of undermining the way people look at the map
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or the value of that they'll place in it. What else?
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We have this scale bar down here.
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So a bunch of things here.
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The fact that this scale bar is way too big for the map, it's oversized,
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so it's drawing attention to itself and really something
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like a scale bar is really meant to be something that you refer to when you need it,
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like, oh, how far is that?
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Oh, the scale bar's in the corner, great.
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You don't want it dominating the whole bottom side of the page here.
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So that's one thing. What else?
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We are using meters,
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which I have nothing against meters.
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I love the metric system,
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but when you use it for an area this size,
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you end up with these really large numbers, 28,800.
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Why not go with something like kilometers,
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so the numbers are smaller and just easier for people to relate to?
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On top of that, we should be using round numbers,
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so something like say 10 kilometers or 20 kilometers not 28,800, so try that.
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All you have to do is resize the scale bar until it
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goes to round numbers and then it'll just be easier for people to interpret.
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You might even go with the simpler scale bar,
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this is a little bit sort of elaborate for a simple map like this.
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I probably would go with something a little simpler.
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Some scale bars are really just a line with some ticks on it like that.
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That might be a more suitable for this map.
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Notice this north arrow is,
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one, it's really big,
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that's no good, so it should be smaller.
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Two, is that it's overlapping texts in the maps.
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We don't want that because then we can't read the text properly.
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Three, it's kind of elaborate.
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It's sort of a bit too ornate or decorative for a simple map like
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this which is meant to show
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population density which we don't even know that but I know that because I made it.
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This is not a pirate map,
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it's not a treasure map,
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sort of where did we bury our booty looty loot boot, whatever.
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So anyway, it's not like,
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here there be data, something like that.
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So go with something much simpler.
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This is just kind of hanging out there by itself.
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This is probably, there's nothing wrong with taking credit for your work,
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but it should be moved down here. What else?
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We've got this big empty space up here.
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That's no good, we really need to move this up,
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so that we have more balance in the map.
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So you're starting to see there's a lot of thought that goes into this.
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There's no neatline or frameline around this that you'd put around the whole map,
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so that kind of ties it all together.
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So I think you're starting to see,
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I hope that it's easy to make a lot of these mistakes.
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I'm not saying that you'll make all of them all the time,
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but if you're aware of them,
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if you kind of look at them in a context like this,
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it helps you to recognize them when you see them
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and to hopefully avoid making those kinds of mistakes yourself.
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Like I said, when you're looking at other people's maps,
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you're little more critical of them,
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and I mean that in a constructive way.
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It's not just that you're tearing them apart and being negative,
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it's that you're looking at it and going, "Oh,
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maybe they should have done this," or "I wonder why they made that choice."
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That's what I'm trying to get out here.16880
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