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- Sometimes you want to put some code on a webpage.
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Let's say you're writing an article
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about making a webpage or you want to tell people
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about some of the syntax encode.
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Here, we've got some CSS in the middle of a sentence.
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I'd like that code to stand out and look like code.
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So I'll use the code element.
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I'll type an opening code tag before my bit of CSS
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and a closing code tag afterwards.
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You can see that the styling changes.
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It switches to a monospaced font
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and of curse we can make this look however it is
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that we want it to look.
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Code, by default, is an inline element.
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So this part of the CSS
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remains part of the sentence that it's in, inline.
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Now what if we wanted to write about some HTML as well?
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I want to change this word H4
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by putting the brackets around it
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but oh, it turned the word element into an H4 headline.
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It did the thing rather than printing H4 out on the page.
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Let me try wrapping this in a code element
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but no, that doesn't keep the browser
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from interpreting the H4 as an H4.
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To do that, we need to type <.
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This is a funny thing called HTML entity.
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When we type < we'll get a less than sign.
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If we type > we'll get a greater than sign.
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I'll talk more about HTML entities in a future video,
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there are a whole bunch of them.
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But for now, these two are helpful
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if you want to write about HTML syntax
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in a way so that it's shown on the page
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instead of being executed.
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Next, let's look at the br and pre elements.
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Normally, we can type all of the spaces
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and return characters that we want in our code
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and the browser is going to ignore them all.
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I talked about this a bit in a video about lists,
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how you can indent your code to help make it more readable
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for humans without it having any effect
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on the content on the webpage.
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But what if you want to have an effect on the content?
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What if you want to be able to put a whole bunch of spaces
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between words or between lines and have it count?
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For a poem, for example,
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I've wrapped this poem in a paragraph element.
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It's two sentences and as a whole,
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it seems like a paragraph.
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But the way it's coming out on the page on the right,
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it looks all wrong.
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The browser is ignoring the line breaks
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that are in the poem.
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You could see on the left how much meaning is conveyed
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by the way it's formatted.
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We don't want to make each line into a separate paragraph
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because these aren't separate paragraphs.
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We just want a line break
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at the end of each one of these lines,
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something that the browser will respect.
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That is what the br element is for,
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it gives us a way to break a line.
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I'll put a br element at the end of each line
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and now this poem looks correct.
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Br is just a simple, single tag,
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there's no opening or closing to it,
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there's nothing that goes inside of it,
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it just marks a place for a line break.
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Let's look at another poem
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where the spacing is even more irregular and meaningful.
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The whole poem is coming out
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as a mashed up pile of words right now.
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I could put a br at the end of each line
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but that wouldn't create the indentations
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or the flowing white space that we see.
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We want to get the spacing into the content itself
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because it's inherent to the content,
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it's part of the meaning of this content.
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So let's do that in HTML with a pre element.
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I'll wrap this poem in pre tags and now as you can see,
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the browser pays attention to the spacing,
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the line breaks and everything.
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We can come in here and add a random character
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into a random spot and it will stay there.
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Pre and code are frequently combined
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to provide a way to show a block of code with indentation.
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Here's an example that puts these parts together.
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I've written some HTML using HTML entities,
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I've added indentation to make it easier to understand
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and I followed it with some CSS that's also indented.
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The whole thing is wrapped in a code element
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to tell the browser, hey, this is some code.
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And all of that is wrapped in a pre element
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which maintains the formatting and the spacing.
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That's the code, br and pre elements.
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Three elements that can be useful
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for communicating semantic formatting for code
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and for other kinds of content.
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