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[wind blowing]
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[horse blustering]
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[indistinct chatter]
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[chatter continues]
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[man] What time is it?
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Depends.
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[man] Okay. Bring him on.
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dramatic music plays
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[Ronald] Good morning.
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[man] Typical Californiaweather.
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Yes,since this is the first day
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of this kind of weather of fogsince we've been here,
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I shall refrain from sayingthat you're all responsible.
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[laughter]
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Western dramatic music plays
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[Ronald]That is the tax program.
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They are signed,and now all we have to do
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is implement them.
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This is the budget deal,
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and this is the tax program,
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but I think they representand mark an end to
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the excessive growthin government bureaucracy
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and government spending,government taxing.
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[dog panting]
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And we're getting...
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No, no, the bill's passed.You can't do anything about it.
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[dog whines]
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[panting]
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Victory.
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[woman] Will you still be ableto balance the budget in '84?
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[Ronald] Well,this has always been our goal.
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Millie won't hurt you.
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[laughter]
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[Ronald] Lassie.
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Oh, Lassie--Millie.
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[laughter]
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[Lear] When Ronald Reaganwas running for the presidency,
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I hired Robert Scheer to travelwith him, side-by-side.
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suspenseful music plays
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Robert Scheer wasthe toughest journalist I knew
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in termsof an investigative journalist.
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Reagan was answering everythingwith a kind of simplicity.
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You came to a placewhere his likeability
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was more importantthan his lack of an answer.
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If you reducethe extravagant size
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and costto the federal government,
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you're going to have the moneyto do the things,
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to build the defensethat we need
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because you're going to havea far more prosperous nation.
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[Scheer]He was pretty comfortable
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with his understandingof politics at that point.
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He knew what he believed,and Reagan was, uh,
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a consummate salesman.
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The biggest obstacleto efficient service
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to the poor and the needyis Washington.
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[Scheer] Everybody elsewants to talk about the polls.
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They wanna talk aboutwho's winning, who's losing.
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Nobody wants to talk aboutwhether it's good
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for the country, what they do,what the issues are,
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and, uh, why do these peoplelike Ronald Reagan?
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I mean, personally I thinkhe's okay, but why do they want
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Ronald Reaganto be their president?
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I think it's a fascinatingthing to look into, you know?
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Today, I wanna talkabout the decline
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in the American standardof living.
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[Will] In 1980,the country was depressed,
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was in a bad mood,it had had a long bad patch.
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[Reporter]Today, for the first time,
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President Carter admittedwe are in a recession,
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and he said it's going to causepain and disruption
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for a lot of Americansbefore it's over.
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I would like Mr. Carterto explain to me,
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why the inflation is as highas it is,
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why unemployment is what it is.
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[Stahl] So many peoplewere out of work,
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we had just had gas lines.
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The economywas really suffering,
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It was a very dark time.
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[Alter] Reagan saw thatas an opportunity to run
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as an upbeat, sunny candidate,
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he was able to fuse optimismand patriotism.
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[crowd cheering]
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At the period of timethat he was running,
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his message, his belief systemwas resonating.
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No problem that we face todaycan compare with a need
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to restore the healthof the American economy
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and the strengthof the American dollar.
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[Baker] The principlesand values he embraced
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were conservativeRepublican principles--
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lower taxes, stronger defense,freedom of the individual,
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small government.
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[Norquist] To call yourselfa Reagan Republican
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is to say,"We're gonna rein in spending
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and limit the size and scopeof government."
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"So you wanna abolishgovernment?"
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No, I don't wanna abolishgovernment.
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I wanna make it so small,you could drag it
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in the bathroomand drown it in the bathtub,
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that small,small as a bathtub, okay?
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Very small.
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[Ronald] And the leadershipthat I envision
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would be to take the leadin getting government off
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the backs of the peopleof the United States
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and turning you loose to dowhat you can do so well.
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Small government messagewas always code
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for more money in your pocket.
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That was a strong message.
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[Shearer] It seemed likea painless economic policy--
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cut governmentand get out of the way,
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and everybody will getwealthy together
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but it was a cover for privilegeand corporate power.
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[crowd chanting]
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militaristic music plays
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[Cronkite] Good morning.
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Ronald Reagan is just aboutto become the 40th President
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of these United States.
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[sirens wailing]
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[man]The motorcadeis beginning to roll
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toward Capitol Hill, Walter.
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[man]I think what struckboth of us--
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the contrast and the crowd.
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[man] Just four years ago,Jimmy Carter tried to run
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a populist,a people's inauguration,
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today, the emphasis was upona different approach.
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They made no excuseof the fact that the rich folks
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were here and the--and the wealthy Republicans.
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They were having a good time.This was their day in the--
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in the sun.
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You could look outacross that crowd
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and seevery, very few minorities.
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[trumpets playingtriumphant music]
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[Lopez] For Ronald Reagan,
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the point of powerwas to convince Americans
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to turn against government,
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to build popular supportfor policies
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that ultimately helpedcorporations and the very rich.
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[band playingHail to the Chief]
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[cannon firing]
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[Lopez] One way to do thatwas to describe government
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as a threat to all of us.
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In this present crisis,government is not the solution
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to our problem.
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Governmentisthe problem.
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[Shearer] That wasan incredibly influential
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bit of political propaganda.
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Government is the problem.
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Because on the face of it,it's absolutely not true.
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It's a myth,
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but it's a convenient mythfor the powerful.
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[Wiley] This rhetoricabout small government
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represented a concertedstrategic effort
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by the wealthy to expandtheir wealth and their power
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and their privilege
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and convincethe American public
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that it was good for them.
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[man]Ladies and gentlemen,
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the Presidentof the United States
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and Mrs. Reagan.
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[Kelley]They had in Ronald Reagan
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the perfect vehicleto take their gospel forward.
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But he wasn't justa Manchurian Candidate.
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He believed it.
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[cheers and applause]
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[Alter] Reagan's presidencymarked a turning point
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in American politics.
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It represented a massive shiftof economic power
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in the country.
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A toast.
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[applause]
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serious music plays
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[Brinkley] Have you thoughtabout the fact
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that the last presidentwho tried really seriously
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to change the courseof the American economy
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in a substantial waywas Franklin Roosevelt in 1933?
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No one has tried since then?
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Well, without saying anythingabout those who followed,
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it is true, and isn't itsomewhat comparative today
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that he came in at a kind
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of watershed timewhen the people said
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"We cannot continueon this path.
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We have to try something"?
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And he was willing, uh, to try.
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[birds chirping]
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calm orchestral music plays
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[man]The atmosphere has changed.
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Sure, there's still a good dealof unemployment around,
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but now many who are workinghave the five-day week,
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and more important,
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the feelingof imminent disaster,
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the fear of economic collapseis gone.
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[FDR] I pledge myself
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to a New Dealfor the American people.
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[crowd cheering]
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[Alter] To help the countryin the Great Depression,
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President Roosevelt proposeda new social contract--
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a New Deal between the peopleand the government.
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[Lopez] FDR understoodthat the economy is outside
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of the controlof any one individual,
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so we need governmentto actively intervene
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in the marketplaceto help all of us.
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[Wiley] It was investmentsin things like
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unemployment insurance,Social Security,
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mortgage lending backedby the federal government,
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the creation of labor unions--
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those are the thingsthat created the middle class.
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[Johnson]Prior to The Great Depression,
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most Americans were poor.
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The only middle classin America were people
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who had businesses,who owned shops.
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It was literally the New Dealthat gave America
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the opportunityto build a middle class.
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[Shearer]Ronald Reagan's family
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was supportedand helped by New Deal programs,
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as were millions of Americans.
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[man] I have the sensethat not everything
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that has happenedsince the New Deal is bad,
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and I can't believethatyouthink everything is--
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you can't believethat unemployment...
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-No.-...Insurance and...
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No. But what I have to say isthat some of those things
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would be done betterat the private sector.
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Some could be done betterat the local sector.
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But what's goodthat they've done?
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Come on.
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[Scheer] The whole pointof that interview
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is he's denyinghis own family's experience,
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that government interventioncertainly was essential,
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and he became a hypocrite.
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We spread acrossthis land building farms
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and towns and citiesand we did it
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without any federal landplanning program
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or urban renewal.
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[Lopez]One of the foundational myths
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of the United Statesis always the frontier...
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[horse blusters]
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the rugged individualwho took care of himself,
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and what it said was real mendon't need government.
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They'll stand on their owntwo feet,
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and if they fail...
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they'll have the virtueto die quietly
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without complaining.
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But the frontierwas never that way.
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The frontierwas a collective enterprise.
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[motor sputters]
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[buzzing]
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[Cannon] What is missingfrom the picture
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is what the government did,
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particularly the buildingof the railroad,
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which is what opens the West,but also telegraph lines,
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and all sorts of infrastructurethat no individuals,
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no matter how brave or rugged,
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could've constructedon their own.
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Both of these, look,both of them
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dead up there where--where it counts.
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[Alter] All the thingsthat government did
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were just sort of kissed offby Reagan.
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[man] What gives thisadministration its cache
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are Ronald Reagan's beliefs,which grew and matured
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in Americawhich no longer exists
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or exists only in his mind,
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that hard workand self-reliance, for instance,
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will inevitably producepersonal success,
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satisfaction, and wealth.
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Reagan was committedto promoting the message
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that we're all on our own,
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whether you succeedor whether you fail.
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[Wiley]That was so incredibly cruel,
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and it drivesReagan's narrative of
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"We pulled ourselves upby our bootstraps.
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Wow comeyou don't have any boots?"
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[man] United States.
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[camera shutters clicking]
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How do you do?
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[Stahl] The first timeI actually saw him in person
275
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was right in frontof the press corps
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and we all kind of melted.
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We were all little puddleson the floor.
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He also hadmore wrinkles up close
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than the camera picked up.
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The camera loved this man.
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And a little bitof frailty to him.
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He wasn't as hardyand healthy
283
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as he seemed on television,
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but when he went on television,he was the actor,
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and he was playinga vigorous president.
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[indistinct chatter]
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dramatic music plays
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[Parvin] Mrs. Reaganwas not as comfortable
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as President Reagan,
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and she didn't conveythe same personality
291
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that he did.
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So she had some thingsin that regard
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that she needed to overcome.
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I wait,and I think I have to wait.
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[Stahl] I once took a tripwith the President
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and on the plane coming home,Nancy Reagan--
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she was telling jokesand being a little sarcastic.
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And she was hilarious.Hilarious.
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So I said, "I have to havean interview with her,
300
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and the public has to see this."
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And they gave me an interview,eventually.
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00:14:12,560 --> 00:14:16,313
And no, what she gave mewas the public presentation.
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She seemed stiff.
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She seemed as if she didn'thave a real personality.
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00:14:21,986 --> 00:14:23,988
She was an actor, too,but not--
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00:14:24,029 --> 00:14:27,700
she couldn't reach downthe way the President could.
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[man] That's great.
308
00:14:28,993 --> 00:14:29,660
[man] Just looking rightat me like that.
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00:14:29,702 --> 00:14:31,120
Oh, sure.
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[camera shutter clicks]
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serious music playing
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[man] I'm gonna stickwith just a drink.
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-Bran and flakes?-Not all bran.
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Bran and flakes,if you got it on the bananas.
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Suspenseful music plays
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[Baker] Priority onefor the Reagan administration
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after the inauguration in 1981
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was the economic situation,
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and we decided we were gonna bevery tough about that.
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-Morning.-Good morning.
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Good morning, all.
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Everyone looksvery bright and happy.
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Okay.
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The agenda is mainly concernedwith the economic program,
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though try not to smiletoo much.
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[laughter]
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I have to say that I am not oneto shrink from a tough task,
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but I must also saythat the goals that you gave us
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are extraordinarily difficultto reconcile,
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but I'm pleased to report todaythat we're almost there.
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When President Reaganwas elected,
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his centerpiece economic promisewas a large tax cut.
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[Lopez]Reagan had a story to tell.
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He said, "We have to cut taxesfor the very rich
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and wealthy corporations.
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Trust me, that moneyis gonna trickle down
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to all the rest of you,"
338
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the idea beingthat the very rich
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from all that they would savewould invest more,
340
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would spend more,
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and then everybodywould be better off.
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00:16:06,048 --> 00:16:09,885
This was an idea that had beendebunked for decades.
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He's promisingto cut taxes by 30%
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and balance the budgetand increase defense spending
345
00:16:15,641 --> 00:16:19,853
and stop inflationall at the same time.
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[Shearer] When George Bushran for president in 1980,
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he referred to Reaganomicsas black magic.
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What I calla voodoo economic policy--
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00:16:30,823 --> 00:16:31,657
But of course,he couldn't say that
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once he became Vice President.
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[woman] The President has beenlobbying Congress by telephone.
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00:16:36,161 --> 00:16:38,998
-Hello?-But with each day,
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his opponents are gaining timeto effect the outcome.
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00:16:42,167 --> 00:16:43,669
I don't see a compromiseout there.
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But are we still workingfor a compromise? Yes.
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[woman] Mr. President!
357
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President Reagan!
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-Mr. Reagan![gunshot]
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ominous music playing
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[man] Lyn Nofziger toldreporters at the hospital
361
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the president was not wounded.
362
00:17:03,272 --> 00:17:06,150
Hewaswounded. Oh, God!
363
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-He was--the President was hit?-[man] He's stable.
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00:17:09,737 --> 00:17:13,157
He is in stable condition,all this information...
365
00:17:16,118 --> 00:17:17,119
[man] How do you feel?How do you feel?
366
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Great.
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[man] Reaganwas unquestionably helped
368
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in his drivefor his fundamental
369
00:17:24,752 --> 00:17:29,548
domestic policy of tax cutsby the fact that he got shot.
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[man] It was in the early monthsof his first term.
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[Khachigian] Just about a monthafter his assassination attempt,
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00:17:38,223 --> 00:17:40,350
he gave his speech
373
00:17:40,392 --> 00:17:42,478
before the joint sessionof the Congress.
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The intentionwas in this speech
375
00:17:44,229 --> 00:17:46,732
was to take advantageof the situation
376
00:17:46,774 --> 00:17:50,402
and write the speechin such a way as to,
377
00:17:50,444 --> 00:17:52,237
sort of, manipulate the Congressto get them
378
00:17:52,279 --> 00:17:54,823
to do our bidding.
379
00:17:54,865 --> 00:17:57,409
-I have a letter with me.[papers rustle]
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00:17:57,451 --> 00:18:01,205
Letter came from Peter Sweeney.He's in the second grade,
381
00:18:01,246 --> 00:18:03,999
and he said,"I hope you'll get well quick,
382
00:18:04,041 --> 00:18:06,335
or you might have to makea speech in your pajamas."
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00:18:06,376 --> 00:18:09,254
[laughter]
384
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[applause]
385
00:18:12,007 --> 00:18:14,218
[Ron Jr.] How do you thwartsomebody who has just reacted
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00:18:14,259 --> 00:18:17,721
so courageously to being shotand nearly killed,
387
00:18:17,763 --> 00:18:21,475
you know, become this, sort offigure in the public's eye?
388
00:18:21,517 --> 00:18:26,271
You know, if he wants a tax cut,we'll do the tax cut, okay.
389
00:18:26,313 --> 00:18:28,899
White House officialscan see their growing worry
390
00:18:28,941 --> 00:18:30,526
that the President'seconomic package
391
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is being perceivedas too rough on the poor.
392
00:18:33,737 --> 00:18:36,240
[Shearer]The 1981 Reagan tax cut
393
00:18:36,281 --> 00:18:39,910
was the most significantredistribution of income
394
00:18:39,952 --> 00:18:42,955
since the 1930sin the Depression.
395
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[Johnson] Almost immediatelyafter the tax cuts,
396
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the governmentwas running out of money,
397
00:18:50,170 --> 00:18:53,132
and evenhis own economic advisors
398
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understood thatthat tax cut had gone too far.
399
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[man] Federal Reserve ChairmanVolcker warned
400
00:18:58,929 --> 00:19:01,098
the Reagan administrationand Congress that efforts
401
00:19:01,140 --> 00:19:03,183
to revive the economywould falter
402
00:19:03,225 --> 00:19:05,561
unless the budget deficitis reduced.
403
00:19:05,602 --> 00:19:07,396
[Stahl] People around him--
404
00:19:07,437 --> 00:19:11,150
they said you have to startraising taxes again,
405
00:19:11,191 --> 00:19:13,277
but because he had setthis goal,
406
00:19:13,318 --> 00:19:15,737
he really balked at it.
407
00:19:15,779 --> 00:19:19,491
Eventually, he did.He raised taxes many times.
408
00:19:19,533 --> 00:19:23,996
But if you tell a Republicanthat he raised taxes today,
409
00:19:24,037 --> 00:19:28,125
'cause this has happened to me,they'll say, "You're a liar."
410
00:19:28,167 --> 00:19:31,295
He somehow made us forget that.
411
00:19:31,336 --> 00:19:34,214
It was proofthat he was a great actor,
412
00:19:34,256 --> 00:19:36,800
that he could make usforget that.
413
00:19:36,842 --> 00:19:38,260
[applause]
414
00:19:43,182 --> 00:19:45,851
[band playingHail to the Chief]
415
00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:52,024
[Stahl] There was a great deal
416
00:19:52,065 --> 00:19:55,152
of opulencearound the Reagans.
417
00:19:55,194 --> 00:19:58,697
In terms of their values,they seemed
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00:19:58,739 --> 00:20:01,533
to be quite differentfrom the average Americans.
419
00:20:03,243 --> 00:20:07,873
They'd come from not justHollywood but Beverly Hills.
420
00:20:07,915 --> 00:20:10,542
There was a display of wealth.
421
00:20:10,584 --> 00:20:12,711
It wasn't justthat they had money.
422
00:20:12,753 --> 00:20:15,047
They had to display it.
423
00:20:15,088 --> 00:20:18,383
And Nancy Reaganprojected that.
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00:20:18,425 --> 00:20:21,261
[cheers and applause]-Thank you.
425
00:20:21,303 --> 00:20:23,680
Thank you. Thanks.
426
00:20:23,722 --> 00:20:25,891
[Kelley]She came to the White House,
427
00:20:25,933 --> 00:20:28,435
and it was likeSacramento again.
428
00:20:28,477 --> 00:20:29,895
"This is a dump.
429
00:20:29,937 --> 00:20:31,355
I can't live here.
430
00:20:31,396 --> 00:20:33,065
The dishes are terrible.
431
00:20:33,106 --> 00:20:35,234
[ laughs ] Everything is awful."
432
00:20:35,275 --> 00:20:38,570
dramatic music plays
433
00:20:38,612 --> 00:20:42,741
[Tumulty] She sets aboutto redecorate the White House--
434
00:20:42,783 --> 00:20:46,119
something that Jackie Kennedyhad done in the Camelot era
435
00:20:46,161 --> 00:20:51,541
and had been acclaimed for,but this isn't Camelot.
436
00:20:51,583 --> 00:20:56,588
Mrs. Kennedywent after historical aspects
437
00:20:56,630 --> 00:21:00,425
and made the White Housea museum.
438
00:21:00,467 --> 00:21:02,261
[man]Can you make these changes,
439
00:21:02,302 --> 00:21:06,515
uh, according to your ownpersonal tastes and desires?
440
00:21:06,556 --> 00:21:09,726
Well, no, I, uh,have a committee,
441
00:21:09,768 --> 00:21:11,603
which has museum experts
442
00:21:11,645 --> 00:21:14,606
and government peopleand private citizens on it.
443
00:21:14,648 --> 00:21:17,276
And then everything we dois subject to approval
444
00:21:17,317 --> 00:21:19,569
by the Fine Arts Committee.
445
00:21:19,611 --> 00:21:23,615
[Kelley] With Nancy,most of the money went
446
00:21:23,657 --> 00:21:27,494
into the second and third floorsin the White House,
447
00:21:27,536 --> 00:21:30,497
which are not public rooms.
448
00:21:30,539 --> 00:21:33,583
This was interpretedas making the White House
449
00:21:33,625 --> 00:21:36,503
better for herself.
450
00:21:36,545 --> 00:21:40,257
[woman] The country is headedinto the worst recession
451
00:21:40,299 --> 00:21:42,342
since The Great Depression,
452
00:21:42,384 --> 00:21:44,511
and asthe Reagan administration
453
00:21:44,553 --> 00:21:46,471
is cutting social programs,
454
00:21:46,513 --> 00:21:49,975
as people are really strugglingin their own lives,
455
00:21:50,017 --> 00:21:52,769
they see the First Ladyredecorating,
456
00:21:52,811 --> 00:21:55,272
renovating the White House.
457
00:21:55,314 --> 00:21:58,150
It was really tone-deaf.
458
00:21:58,191 --> 00:22:00,527
Some people sayif the poor family
459
00:22:00,569 --> 00:22:02,779
on food stampshas to tighten its belt,
460
00:22:02,821 --> 00:22:04,239
wouldn't it be a good examplefor the Reagans
461
00:22:04,281 --> 00:22:05,949
to tighten their belt?
462
00:22:05,991 --> 00:22:08,076
We've tightened our beltsin many ways.
463
00:22:08,118 --> 00:22:10,245
How?
464
00:22:10,287 --> 00:22:14,207
Well, we're not makingany money here. [laughs]
465
00:22:16,001 --> 00:22:19,838
[jet engine whirring]
466
00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:22,007
[man] 5 Golf, Yankee,standby 120.
467
00:22:22,049 --> 00:22:23,842
Course runway 22 outat Foxtrot,
468
00:22:23,884 --> 00:22:25,677
right in ground point on.
469
00:22:25,719 --> 00:22:27,929
[Wiley] Reagan understood
470
00:22:27,971 --> 00:22:30,932
that partof supporting corporate power
471
00:22:30,974 --> 00:22:33,518
was goingafter the labor movement.
472
00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:36,521
[chanting] The workers unitedwill never be defeated.
473
00:22:36,563 --> 00:22:38,690
[man] Air traffic controllersdefied court orders
474
00:22:38,732 --> 00:22:41,693
grounding half the nation'scommercial airline flights.
475
00:22:41,735 --> 00:22:44,738
[Wiley] If it weren'tfor the union movement,
476
00:22:44,780 --> 00:22:47,741
we wouldn't havethe 40-hour work week.
477
00:22:47,783 --> 00:22:50,911
We wouldn't have benefitson the job like healthcare.
478
00:22:50,952 --> 00:22:53,205
[Alter] When he was runningfor President,
479
00:22:53,246 --> 00:22:56,208
Reagan could make it seemlike he shared
480
00:22:56,249 --> 00:22:59,169
the interestand especially the values
481
00:22:59,211 --> 00:23:03,173
of union membersand blue collar workers.
482
00:23:03,215 --> 00:23:06,551
And so he was able to say,"I'm one of you."
483
00:23:06,593 --> 00:23:08,887
I happen to bethe only president
484
00:23:08,929 --> 00:23:11,807
of a unionever to be a candidate
485
00:23:11,848 --> 00:23:12,724
for Presidentof the United States.
486
00:23:12,766 --> 00:23:15,060
[cheers and applause]
487
00:23:15,102 --> 00:23:18,730
[Lopez] Reagan turnsagainst the idea of unions
488
00:23:18,772 --> 00:23:21,525
as he shifts his allianceto corporations,
489
00:23:21,566 --> 00:23:25,195
to capital, to big employers,to big money.
490
00:23:25,237 --> 00:23:27,239
The union representingthose who man America's
491
00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:30,409
air traffic control facilitiescalled a strike.
492
00:23:30,450 --> 00:23:32,661
They are in violationof the law,
493
00:23:32,702 --> 00:23:36,248
and if they do not reportfor work within 48 hours,
494
00:23:36,289 --> 00:23:40,752
they have forfeited their jobsand will be terminated.
495
00:23:40,794 --> 00:23:43,755
End of statement.
496
00:23:43,797 --> 00:23:47,092
[Baker] He fired 'em.It's what they deserved,
497
00:23:47,134 --> 00:23:50,262
and it was a wonderful thingthat he did
498
00:23:50,303 --> 00:23:54,641
politically and substantively.
499
00:23:54,683 --> 00:23:58,395
After that, he looked powerful.
500
00:23:58,437 --> 00:24:02,774
[Stahl] In terms of his image,he looked very strong,
501
00:24:02,816 --> 00:24:05,444
but it was unbelievablebecause they were--
502
00:24:05,485 --> 00:24:08,071
they were the peoplewho kept the planes in the air.
503
00:24:08,113 --> 00:24:12,617
And it just devastatedthe union movement.
504
00:24:12,659 --> 00:24:16,997
That is when the union startedto go into decline.
505
00:24:18,748 --> 00:24:20,292
[Shearer] It was a clear signalthat Reagan
506
00:24:20,333 --> 00:24:25,213
was not gonna supportany pro-labor legislation.
507
00:24:25,255 --> 00:24:27,591
He was gonna changethe equation.
508
00:24:27,632 --> 00:24:32,804
He was gonna supportthe rise of corporate power.
509
00:24:32,846 --> 00:24:35,807
[Stahl] Once the workerslost power,
510
00:24:35,849 --> 00:24:38,727
they lost power to hold on
511
00:24:38,768 --> 00:24:42,397
to real economic gainsfor themselves.
512
00:24:45,192 --> 00:24:46,985
I can't believe the governmentis doing this to us,
513
00:24:47,027 --> 00:24:49,488
I don't think we're gettinga fair deal out of it,
514
00:24:49,529 --> 00:24:52,324
but, uh, we're gonna stickwith it till the end.
515
00:24:52,365 --> 00:24:54,993
If they won't makehis working conditions better,
516
00:24:55,035 --> 00:24:56,953
maybe it's for the best.
517
00:24:56,995 --> 00:25:02,209
dramatic music plays
518
00:25:03,502 --> 00:25:05,420
[camera shutters clicking]
519
00:25:05,462 --> 00:25:08,840
[indistinct chatter]
520
00:25:08,882 --> 00:25:10,467
[Ronald] Hi.
521
00:25:10,509 --> 00:25:13,053
Everybody on and ready here?
522
00:25:13,094 --> 00:25:15,514
Yeah? Hmm...
523
00:25:18,183 --> 00:25:20,143
Well, we've been a long time.
524
00:25:20,185 --> 00:25:24,314
We've been decades comingto the point where we are.
525
00:25:24,356 --> 00:25:27,108
And you're not goingto cure this overnight.
526
00:25:27,150 --> 00:25:29,694
And of course,the budget cuts in government,
527
00:25:29,736 --> 00:25:32,197
uh, are going to be feltas they begin
528
00:25:32,239 --> 00:25:34,658
to take placein the 1982 budget year
529
00:25:34,699 --> 00:25:37,661
that begins October 1st.
530
00:25:37,702 --> 00:25:39,829
[Stahl] When the budgetwas seen by everybody,
531
00:25:39,871 --> 00:25:42,666
people realized,he was cutting social programs.
532
00:25:42,707 --> 00:25:45,961
He was cutting programsfor poor people.
533
00:25:46,002 --> 00:25:49,506
We were in recession,and it seemed out of sync
534
00:25:49,548 --> 00:25:52,342
with what was going onin the country.
535
00:25:52,384 --> 00:25:54,010
It was shocking.
536
00:25:54,052 --> 00:25:56,721
[Bill] The Presidentand Congress have chosen
537
00:25:56,763 --> 00:25:58,431
not to offend the rich,the powerful,
538
00:25:58,473 --> 00:26:00,100
and the organized.
539
00:26:00,141 --> 00:26:02,394
It is easierto take on the weak.
540
00:26:02,435 --> 00:26:06,523
Social programs were cutalmost $30 billion this year.
541
00:26:06,565 --> 00:26:08,567
The burden falls most heavilyon the poor,
542
00:26:08,608 --> 00:26:11,611
and some of the truly needyare truly hurting.
543
00:26:11,653 --> 00:26:14,114
These programsare a life support system.
544
00:26:14,155 --> 00:26:17,450
For many,we are pulling the plug.
545
00:26:17,492 --> 00:26:20,954
[woman] I'd like to, um,apply for food stamps.
546
00:26:20,996 --> 00:26:24,040
[man] President Reagancut Medicaid,
547
00:26:24,082 --> 00:26:27,002
cut aid to familieswith dependent children,
548
00:26:27,043 --> 00:26:30,672
student lunches,the food stamp program,
549
00:26:30,714 --> 00:26:33,675
and other New Deal programs
550
00:26:33,717 --> 00:26:37,345
that the most vulnerablewere benefitting from.
551
00:26:37,387 --> 00:26:41,933
[Wiley] He cut things likethe ability for a single mom
552
00:26:41,975 --> 00:26:46,187
to amass savingsover a thousand dollars.
553
00:26:46,229 --> 00:26:50,275
So you actually saw womenspending savings
554
00:26:50,317 --> 00:26:51,943
because they had no choice
555
00:26:51,985 --> 00:26:55,280
but to try to preservetheir welfare checks.
556
00:26:55,322 --> 00:26:58,867
It had the exact opposite effectthat it was supposed to have.
557
00:26:58,908 --> 00:27:00,952
And it was deeply cruel to them
558
00:27:00,994 --> 00:27:03,622
because it kept themon welfare.
559
00:27:03,663 --> 00:27:06,541
[woman] And this is supposedto be the land of opportunity.
560
00:27:06,583 --> 00:27:09,294
It's not anymore. It's notthe land of opportunity.
561
00:27:09,336 --> 00:27:12,756
It's the land for the rich,and the poor can go to hell.
562
00:27:12,797 --> 00:27:15,216
I keep rememberingwhat Milton Friedman once said,
563
00:27:15,258 --> 00:27:17,135
"If you start payingpeople to be poor,
564
00:27:17,177 --> 00:27:20,096
there is going to bea lot of poor people."
565
00:27:20,138 --> 00:27:22,932
[Lopez] It's a storythat says to folks,
566
00:27:22,974 --> 00:27:24,893
"You should hate government
567
00:27:24,934 --> 00:27:27,145
because it's governmentthat is theoretically
568
00:27:27,187 --> 00:27:29,147
reaching into your pockets
569
00:27:29,189 --> 00:27:31,107
to takeyour hard-earned dollars,
570
00:27:31,149 --> 00:27:32,984
and giving it away
571
00:27:33,026 --> 00:27:35,320
to these underserving peopleof color.
572
00:27:35,362 --> 00:27:39,407
So all of those social programs,defund them,
573
00:27:39,449 --> 00:27:42,744
because government's on the sideof these underserving people.
574
00:27:42,786 --> 00:27:44,329
[woman]Showing his sense of humor,
575
00:27:44,371 --> 00:27:46,456
the president brought a knife
576
00:27:46,498 --> 00:27:48,583
to this importantbudget cutting session.
577
00:27:48,625 --> 00:27:50,126
[Wiley] I'll never forget,
578
00:27:50,168 --> 00:27:53,338
he didthis masterful performance.
579
00:27:53,380 --> 00:27:58,009
He opens up the newspaper,and he starts reading want ads.
580
00:27:58,051 --> 00:28:02,514
I made it a point to countthe pages of help wanted ads.
581
00:28:02,555 --> 00:28:04,974
In this timeof great unemployment,
582
00:28:05,016 --> 00:28:09,938
there were 24 full pagesof classified ads of employers
583
00:28:09,979 --> 00:28:12,273
looking for employees.
584
00:28:12,315 --> 00:28:15,777
And it was a great manipulationthat told the American public,
585
00:28:15,819 --> 00:28:19,489
if they are not working,they just don't wanna work.
586
00:28:19,531 --> 00:28:20,907
[applause]
587
00:28:20,949 --> 00:28:22,617
At the same time,Reagan is choking
588
00:28:22,659 --> 00:28:24,703
and gutting programs
589
00:28:24,744 --> 00:28:28,248
that were tryingto expand opportunity.
590
00:28:28,289 --> 00:28:30,291
The Reagan administrationthis afternoon
591
00:28:30,333 --> 00:28:33,336
unveiled its controversialnew china policy,
592
00:28:33,378 --> 00:28:36,423
4,372 pieces of new china
593
00:28:36,464 --> 00:28:38,591
arrived in timefor tonight's formal dinner
594
00:28:38,633 --> 00:28:40,635
for President Mubarak.
595
00:28:40,677 --> 00:28:44,681
[Mubarak] Let me firstcongratulate Mrs. Reagan
596
00:28:44,723 --> 00:28:46,057
for the new china,
597
00:28:46,099 --> 00:28:48,893
which is very elegantand very beautiful.
598
00:28:48,935 --> 00:28:51,229
[Tumulty]Nancy Reagan decides to buy
599
00:28:51,271 --> 00:28:55,233
a $1,000 a place setting china.
600
00:28:55,275 --> 00:28:58,695
This is announcedon the very same day
601
00:28:58,737 --> 00:29:01,489
that the Reagan administration
602
00:29:01,531 --> 00:29:06,286
announces that for the purposesof the School Lunch Program,
603
00:29:06,327 --> 00:29:10,206
they are going to classifyketchup as a vegetable.
604
00:29:10,248 --> 00:29:12,959
Somebody got overambitiousin the bureaucracy
605
00:29:13,001 --> 00:29:14,961
with their ketchupfor a vegetable,
606
00:29:15,003 --> 00:29:17,172
and we had to pull backon some regulations
607
00:29:17,213 --> 00:29:19,466
that were suggested.
608
00:29:19,507 --> 00:29:21,968
The timing couldn'thave been worse.
609
00:29:22,010 --> 00:29:24,304
[reporter] $1 billion dollarsmay be cut nationwide
610
00:29:24,345 --> 00:29:27,098
from School Lunch Programsin 1982.
611
00:29:27,140 --> 00:29:30,143
I accepted the donationbecause the White House
612
00:29:30,185 --> 00:29:32,979
needed china very, very badly.
613
00:29:33,021 --> 00:29:36,024
[Tumulty] The china purchasebecomes a real metaphor
614
00:29:36,065 --> 00:29:39,194
for a lot of thingsthat bother people
615
00:29:39,235 --> 00:29:43,615
about the Reagan administrationand its policies.
616
00:29:43,656 --> 00:29:45,158
[reporter] There are moreand more homeless people
617
00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:49,621
in America--perhaps two millionand growing.
618
00:29:49,662 --> 00:29:53,208
[Wiley] Advocates had calledfor better forms
619
00:29:53,249 --> 00:29:55,710
of housing and services,
620
00:29:55,752 --> 00:29:57,462
and support for peoplewho are poorest
621
00:29:57,504 --> 00:29:59,422
among us in this country,
622
00:29:59,464 --> 00:30:02,967
including and especiallyfor people who are mentally ill.
623
00:30:03,009 --> 00:30:06,471
[Scheer] Reagan disparagedmental health facilities.
624
00:30:06,513 --> 00:30:10,141
He thought, you know, well,these people will find work,
625
00:30:10,183 --> 00:30:12,227
or they'll take pills.
626
00:30:12,268 --> 00:30:13,978
He was against helping them.
627
00:30:14,020 --> 00:30:17,482
[Alter] The homeless crisiswe see today
628
00:30:17,524 --> 00:30:21,361
accelerated on Reagan's watch.
629
00:30:21,402 --> 00:30:23,321
The people who are sleepingon the grates,
630
00:30:23,363 --> 00:30:26,658
the homeless who are homeless,you might say, by choice.
631
00:30:26,699 --> 00:30:29,327
[Johnson] Reagan would tellthe American public
632
00:30:29,369 --> 00:30:31,329
that many of the waysthat people in America
633
00:30:31,371 --> 00:30:34,457
were suffering was becausethey chose to suffer
634
00:30:34,499 --> 00:30:36,167
and the problemwas a moral failure,
635
00:30:36,209 --> 00:30:38,169
not a structural one.
636
00:30:38,211 --> 00:30:40,338
[Wiley]Reagan was deeply invested
637
00:30:40,380 --> 00:30:42,298
in being the good guy.
638
00:30:42,340 --> 00:30:45,718
That was an imagehe actively cultivated.
639
00:30:45,760 --> 00:30:48,972
So he wanted to disconnect
640
00:30:49,013 --> 00:30:51,057
the very real human pain
641
00:30:51,099 --> 00:30:54,227
that was now visible on streetswith the policies
642
00:30:54,269 --> 00:30:58,565
that were centralto his presidency.
643
00:30:58,606 --> 00:31:00,859
We believe that there wasa mandate last fall.
644
00:31:00,900 --> 00:31:03,194
And that mandate wasfor cutting spending,
645
00:31:03,236 --> 00:31:06,030
not raising taxes.
646
00:31:06,072 --> 00:31:07,156
I think you've been brilliant,
647
00:31:07,198 --> 00:31:08,783
but I also thinkyou've been cruel,
648
00:31:08,825 --> 00:31:10,702
and I thinkyou've been inhumane,
649
00:31:10,743 --> 00:31:15,665
and I think you are causinga perversion of justice
650
00:31:15,707 --> 00:31:19,377
for the poorand middle class Americans.
651
00:31:19,419 --> 00:31:22,046
[Stahl] It kind of hitthe country with a jolt,
652
00:31:22,088 --> 00:31:23,715
and he would make these cuts,
653
00:31:23,756 --> 00:31:26,718
and they seemed callous,
654
00:31:26,759 --> 00:31:31,556
and yet there he was,sunny, smiling.
655
00:31:31,598 --> 00:31:34,726
And soit just didn't compute that
656
00:31:34,767 --> 00:31:38,187
that man could make these cuts.
657
00:31:38,229 --> 00:31:40,064
[sirens wailing]
658
00:31:40,106 --> 00:31:42,442
[woman] This was onepresidential trip
659
00:31:42,483 --> 00:31:43,902
that had not been announced.
660
00:31:43,943 --> 00:31:45,570
The Reagans hada dinner engagement
661
00:31:45,612 --> 00:31:48,698
with the President's secondgrade pen pal, Rudy Hines.
662
00:31:48,740 --> 00:31:51,409
[Ron Jr.] My father hada hard time feeling empathy
663
00:31:51,451 --> 00:31:54,579
for groups of people.
664
00:31:54,621 --> 00:31:56,247
You could thinkabout welfare recipients,
665
00:31:56,289 --> 00:31:59,375
for instance, as justthis sort of amorphous mass
666
00:31:59,417 --> 00:32:02,587
of lazy peoplewho don't wanna work.
667
00:32:02,629 --> 00:32:05,256
And therefore, he could be,you know, tough on them.
668
00:32:05,298 --> 00:32:07,675
But when it cameto an individual,
669
00:32:07,717 --> 00:32:09,719
he was actuallyrather big-hearted.
670
00:32:09,761 --> 00:32:13,556
[Alter] He was personallycompassionate,
671
00:32:13,598 --> 00:32:14,891
but he didn't understand
672
00:32:14,933 --> 00:32:18,186
that personal compassionisn't meaningful
673
00:32:18,227 --> 00:32:21,272
without public compassionif you're president.
674
00:32:21,314 --> 00:32:25,610
[Stahl] I had the impressionhe was not educating himself
675
00:32:25,652 --> 00:32:29,948
on what was really happeningto people around the country.
676
00:32:29,989 --> 00:32:32,450
Among those filing claimsrecently was this man.
677
00:32:32,492 --> 00:32:34,786
[Ron Jr.] Laid off untilOctober 25th.
678
00:32:34,827 --> 00:32:37,956
As far as I know, everybody'scollecting unemployment.
679
00:32:37,997 --> 00:32:39,624
I am, too.
680
00:32:39,666 --> 00:32:41,584
I used to get into argumentssometimes with my father,
681
00:32:41,626 --> 00:32:43,628
and you would think, well,
682
00:32:43,670 --> 00:32:47,131
I'm gonna now introduce himto a new set of facts.
683
00:32:47,173 --> 00:32:50,009
He would listen,somewhat reluctantly,
684
00:32:50,051 --> 00:32:52,428
to what I would think are,you know,
685
00:32:52,470 --> 00:32:54,931
incontrovertible facts.
686
00:32:54,973 --> 00:32:56,599
And then,you would get to that point
687
00:32:56,641 --> 00:32:59,018
where he wouldthrow up his hands and say,
688
00:32:59,060 --> 00:33:02,605
"Well, all I know is..."
689
00:33:02,647 --> 00:33:05,900
and he'd sort of push awaylike this with his hands,
690
00:33:05,942 --> 00:33:10,571
which was really,keep that reality away from me.
691
00:33:10,613 --> 00:33:11,990
I do not want that near me now.
692
00:33:12,031 --> 00:33:15,827
It's--It's upsettingmy whole picture of America,
693
00:33:15,868 --> 00:33:19,163
myself, whatever it might be.
694
00:33:19,205 --> 00:33:21,082
And you'd say,"Well, that's the point.
695
00:33:21,124 --> 00:33:22,458
All you know is this,
696
00:33:22,500 --> 00:33:24,085
but this turns outto be incomplete, at best.
697
00:33:24,127 --> 00:33:25,336
So what aboutall this other stuff?"
698
00:33:25,378 --> 00:33:28,840
"Well, all I know is..."
699
00:33:31,175 --> 00:33:33,302
[man] Mrs. Reagan,are you looking forward
700
00:33:33,344 --> 00:33:35,847
to the wedding?-Yes, I certainly am.
701
00:33:35,888 --> 00:33:38,641
[narrator]The wedding guests assembled,
702
00:33:38,683 --> 00:33:40,309
not just the famous
703
00:33:40,351 --> 00:33:42,020
like Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcher
704
00:33:42,061 --> 00:33:44,188
and Mrs. Nancy Reagan,wife of the American President,
705
00:33:44,230 --> 00:33:47,191
but personaland family friends as well.
706
00:33:47,233 --> 00:33:50,236
[Stahl] We were goingthrough those difficult times,
707
00:33:50,278 --> 00:33:53,740
and there was Nancyshowing off diamonds.
708
00:33:53,781 --> 00:33:57,535
She was wearing clothesthat designers were lending
709
00:33:57,577 --> 00:33:59,912
and then ended up giving her.
710
00:33:59,954 --> 00:34:03,750
[Kelley] We're talkingmillions of dollars as gifts.
711
00:34:03,791 --> 00:34:06,294
Nancy got to wear the clothesand look good,
712
00:34:06,335 --> 00:34:09,088
and they got exposureand publicity.
713
00:34:09,130 --> 00:34:12,258
It wasa wonderful relationship,
714
00:34:12,300 --> 00:34:17,972
except for one little thing.It was against the law.
715
00:34:18,014 --> 00:34:20,725
She never reported these thingsas a gift.
716
00:34:20,767 --> 00:34:23,186
[man] Mrs. Reagan'sPress Secretary today admitted
717
00:34:23,227 --> 00:34:25,897
the First Lady does borrowdesigner fashions
718
00:34:25,938 --> 00:34:27,857
without reporting them.
719
00:34:27,899 --> 00:34:30,568
[Tumulty]Taking free designer clothes
720
00:34:30,610 --> 00:34:34,072
is something that doesn'traise eyebrows in Hollywood.
721
00:34:34,113 --> 00:34:35,740
She discovers this can get you
722
00:34:35,782 --> 00:34:37,658
in a lot of troublein Washington.
723
00:34:37,700 --> 00:34:39,702
laughter]
724
00:34:39,744 --> 00:34:41,746
[man] Within months,she had grown sensitive
725
00:34:41,788 --> 00:34:44,332
about even mentioningher clothes.
726
00:34:48,419 --> 00:34:49,921
Are we still on?
727
00:34:49,962 --> 00:34:52,423
[Tumulty] The White HouseCounsel would send somebody,
728
00:34:52,465 --> 00:34:55,927
at least once a year,to the family quarters,
729
00:34:55,968 --> 00:34:57,720
just to be on the lookoutfor gifts
730
00:34:57,762 --> 00:35:00,098
that they don't know about.
731
00:35:00,139 --> 00:35:03,059
The White Housequietly announces
732
00:35:03,101 --> 00:35:07,605
that she will no longer betaking these free clothes.
733
00:35:07,647 --> 00:35:12,819
Ultimately, it is revealed thatthat's a promise she broke.
734
00:35:12,860 --> 00:35:15,446
dramatic music plays
735
00:35:15,488 --> 00:35:20,284
[Kelley] Nancy Reaganhad a sense of entitlement,
736
00:35:20,326 --> 00:35:24,622
and she was criticizedas this imperious queen.
737
00:35:24,664 --> 00:35:28,960
[Nancy] There is now a picturepostcard of me as a queen.
738
00:35:29,001 --> 00:35:34,465
Now, that's sillybecause I'd never wear a crown.
739
00:35:34,507 --> 00:35:36,134
It messes up your hair.
740
00:35:36,175 --> 00:35:37,760
[laughter]
741
00:35:37,802 --> 00:35:40,638
[Tumulty]At the end of that first year,
742
00:35:40,680 --> 00:35:45,268
she finds herselfthe most unpopular
743
00:35:45,309 --> 00:35:48,146
First Lady in the pollsin modern history.
744
00:35:48,187 --> 00:35:50,731
I guess what youreally want for Christmas
745
00:35:50,773 --> 00:35:54,402
is for the pressto take a fresh look at you.
746
00:35:56,028 --> 00:35:58,364
That would be nice.[chuckles]
747
00:35:58,406 --> 00:36:01,117
[indistinct conversations]
748
00:36:01,159 --> 00:36:05,204
[applause]
749
00:36:07,331 --> 00:36:11,419
[Ronald] And I'm delightedto be here with Heritage.
750
00:36:11,460 --> 00:36:12,879
I remember the days whena conservative intellectual
751
00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:16,257
was considereda contradiction in terms.
752
00:36:16,299 --> 00:36:18,843
[laughter]
753
00:36:18,885 --> 00:36:21,304
[Alter] The Kitchen Cabinetand the other business leaders
754
00:36:21,345 --> 00:36:23,681
who loved Reagan--
755
00:36:23,723 --> 00:36:27,351
they didn't love himbecause they liked his movies.
756
00:36:27,393 --> 00:36:30,938
They loved himbecause he was the front man
757
00:36:30,980 --> 00:36:33,024
for their ideas.
758
00:36:33,065 --> 00:36:35,693
[Lopez] Government isa threat to the very wealthy.
759
00:36:35,735 --> 00:36:37,820
It taxes them.It regulates them.
760
00:36:37,862 --> 00:36:40,323
It creates alternative sourcesof power.
761
00:36:40,364 --> 00:36:43,117
So they're tryingto support politicians
762
00:36:43,159 --> 00:36:46,787
who promote a setof economic policies
763
00:36:46,829 --> 00:36:48,873
that actuallyhands government over
764
00:36:48,915 --> 00:36:50,374
to the control of corporations.
765
00:36:50,416 --> 00:36:52,376
I'd like to get ridof several thousand
766
00:36:52,418 --> 00:36:55,713
of what I thinkare unnecessary regulations
767
00:36:55,755 --> 00:36:58,382
that have caused your problems.[applause]
768
00:36:58,424 --> 00:37:00,760
[Scheer] What he was toldat every business meeting
769
00:37:00,801 --> 00:37:02,970
he'd ever gone towhen he was with GE
770
00:37:03,012 --> 00:37:05,056
or anywhere else,
771
00:37:05,097 --> 00:37:07,975
is the government--they requireall these regulations.
772
00:37:08,017 --> 00:37:10,645
It costs us so much money,and we can't do our work.
773
00:37:10,686 --> 00:37:13,606
We'd hear this all the time,and he would soak it up.
774
00:37:13,648 --> 00:37:14,857
You know,aren't you really talking
775
00:37:14,899 --> 00:37:16,692
about coddling big business?
776
00:37:16,734 --> 00:37:17,985
No. Not coddling at all.
777
00:37:18,027 --> 00:37:20,279
As a matter of fact,our government has
778
00:37:20,321 --> 00:37:22,073
a hostile adversary relationshipwith business.
779
00:37:22,114 --> 00:37:24,408
[Alter]Reagan ended up appointing
780
00:37:24,450 --> 00:37:27,536
a lot of third-rate people
781
00:37:27,578 --> 00:37:29,956
to important positionswho often didn't believe
782
00:37:29,997 --> 00:37:33,251
in the missionof their department.
783
00:37:33,292 --> 00:37:35,002
[man]Interior Secretary James Watt
784
00:37:35,044 --> 00:37:36,671
has already triedto clear the way
785
00:37:36,712 --> 00:37:38,923
for more mining and developmentof federal land,
786
00:37:38,965 --> 00:37:41,342
has proposed cutbacksin national parks,
787
00:37:41,384 --> 00:37:43,928
and is ordered a speed upin the controversial program
788
00:37:43,970 --> 00:37:46,514
to encourage offshore oiland gas drilling.
789
00:37:46,555 --> 00:37:50,017
[Alter] It wasn't just foxesguarding the chicken coop.
790
00:37:50,059 --> 00:37:52,937
It was that they would dismantlethe chicken coop.
791
00:37:52,979 --> 00:37:54,230
[man] Here are just a few
792
00:37:54,272 --> 00:37:55,606
of the regulationsunder review--
793
00:37:55,648 --> 00:37:58,276
rules on contents of pesticide,
794
00:37:58,317 --> 00:38:01,028
rules on handlingchemical waste.
795
00:38:01,070 --> 00:38:05,866
[man] A rule to install airbagswas killed by President Reagan.
796
00:38:05,908 --> 00:38:08,286
A rule that would haverequired special elevators
797
00:38:08,327 --> 00:38:10,663
and subway stationsto help handicap people
798
00:38:10,705 --> 00:38:14,000
get on and off trainswas rescinded.
799
00:38:14,041 --> 00:38:16,377
[Johnson]Deregulation at its core
800
00:38:16,419 --> 00:38:19,213
is about allowingthe rich and powerful
801
00:38:19,255 --> 00:38:21,048
to expand their power.
802
00:38:21,090 --> 00:38:23,801
It also meansthat there is no one monitoring
803
00:38:23,843 --> 00:38:26,012
the behaviorof these economic actors.
804
00:38:26,053 --> 00:38:28,055
We're going to turnthe bull loose.
805
00:38:28,097 --> 00:38:30,016
[crowd cheering]
806
00:38:30,057 --> 00:38:32,393
[crowd chanting indistinctly]
807
00:38:32,435 --> 00:38:34,478
[bell dinging]
808
00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:36,772
[cheers and applause]
809
00:38:51,620 --> 00:38:54,665
[Nancy] Did all of youstart first on pot?
810
00:38:54,707 --> 00:38:58,085
[man] How many started on pot?Hands up.
811
00:38:58,127 --> 00:39:01,088
[Nancy]I'm very much interested in,
812
00:39:01,130 --> 00:39:02,548
and concerned about,
813
00:39:02,590 --> 00:39:05,593
the whole drug problemin the country now.
814
00:39:05,634 --> 00:39:10,389
[Tumulty] There was alwaysthis belief with Nancy Reagan
815
00:39:10,431 --> 00:39:14,143
that thingscould always be rewritten,
816
00:39:14,185 --> 00:39:15,353
could be spun.
817
00:39:15,394 --> 00:39:16,854
[crowd chanting]
818
00:39:16,896 --> 00:39:18,272
[man]Those close to the First Lady
819
00:39:18,314 --> 00:39:20,274
hope she can leaveunfavorable press accounts
820
00:39:20,316 --> 00:39:22,318
of her high styleof life behind,
821
00:39:22,360 --> 00:39:24,487
as she continuesto become involved.
822
00:39:24,528 --> 00:39:25,946
[man] Do you thinkyou're more self-confident?
823
00:39:25,988 --> 00:39:30,659
Yes, because I think maybemore people like me.
824
00:39:30,701 --> 00:39:32,161
[chuckles]
825
00:39:32,203 --> 00:39:36,457
If someone offers you drugs,what will you do?
826
00:39:36,499 --> 00:39:40,044
[crowd] Just say no!
827
00:39:40,086 --> 00:39:43,130
She believed that you couldknock your drug problem.
828
00:39:43,172 --> 00:39:44,965
"Just say no."
829
00:39:45,007 --> 00:39:48,636
Just chew your food 43 times,
830
00:39:48,677 --> 00:39:51,806
and you'll never weighmore than 90 pounds.
831
00:39:51,847 --> 00:39:55,810
The discipline,the control of this woman.
832
00:39:55,851 --> 00:39:59,563
[Wiley] Just like Ronald Reaganwrapping himself
833
00:39:59,605 --> 00:40:01,565
in the fatherly mantle,
834
00:40:01,607 --> 00:40:04,735
she was wrapping herselfin the mother-y gauze
835
00:40:04,777 --> 00:40:08,072
of loving advice.
836
00:40:08,114 --> 00:40:10,908
Let's practice saying,"Just say no."
837
00:40:10,950 --> 00:40:13,244
[Wiley]Just stay off those drugs.
838
00:40:13,285 --> 00:40:16,747
We will ignore all the thingsthat are creating a problem
839
00:40:16,789 --> 00:40:18,582
and make it clear
840
00:40:18,624 --> 00:40:22,086
that if you are still doing it,it's 'cause you chose to.
841
00:40:22,128 --> 00:40:25,923
If you're a casual drug user,you're an accomplice to murder.
842
00:40:25,965 --> 00:40:28,592
[Johnson] When she said,"Say no to drugs,"
843
00:40:28,634 --> 00:40:31,429
you know whoshe was not pictured with?
844
00:40:31,470 --> 00:40:33,597
The yuppieswho are doing lines of coke
845
00:40:33,639 --> 00:40:36,225
off the back of prostitutesthroughout the 1980s.
846
00:40:36,267 --> 00:40:38,769
And yet, crack cocaine,
847
00:40:38,811 --> 00:40:40,771
which was"poor people's cocaine"
848
00:40:40,813 --> 00:40:44,275
and other forms of drugs,were considered to be the enemy.
849
00:40:44,316 --> 00:40:46,444
Those various centersthat you've gone to,
850
00:40:46,485 --> 00:40:48,279
it's been pointed out.
851
00:40:48,320 --> 00:40:51,323
Your husbandis asking that funds be cut
852
00:40:51,365 --> 00:40:53,409
from those very centers.
853
00:40:53,451 --> 00:40:55,286
You know,we've gotten into a terrible--
854
00:40:55,327 --> 00:40:59,457
I think into a terrible,um, habit.
855
00:40:59,498 --> 00:41:02,793
Somebody will say,"We have a problem,"
856
00:41:02,835 --> 00:41:06,797
whatever it may be,and the immediate response is,
857
00:41:06,839 --> 00:41:08,966
"Well, can't the government dosomething about that?"
858
00:41:09,008 --> 00:41:10,301
Instead of,
859
00:41:10,342 --> 00:41:13,137
"Can't I do somethingabout that?"
860
00:41:13,179 --> 00:41:15,097
[Johnson]The Reagan administration
861
00:41:15,139 --> 00:41:16,640
decided that the only waythat you could deal
862
00:41:16,682 --> 00:41:19,477
with drug addictswas not to address unemployment,
863
00:41:19,518 --> 00:41:21,437
not to address violence,
864
00:41:21,479 --> 00:41:23,981
lack of opportunity,or better healthcare.
865
00:41:24,023 --> 00:41:28,319
It was simply throwing peoplein jail.
866
00:41:28,360 --> 00:41:30,988
The report out tonightshows the United States
867
00:41:31,030 --> 00:41:33,199
has a larger percentageof its citizens
868
00:41:33,240 --> 00:41:36,327
in prisonthan any other country.
869
00:41:36,368 --> 00:41:38,370
And the Americansmost likely to be in prison?
870
00:41:38,412 --> 00:41:40,039
They're Black.
871
00:41:40,080 --> 00:41:42,833
The war on drugswas really a war
872
00:41:42,875 --> 00:41:45,377
on Black and brown peoplein this country.
873
00:41:45,419 --> 00:41:48,339
We were takingprecious dollars,
874
00:41:48,380 --> 00:41:51,175
and instead of creatingcommunities of hope,
875
00:41:51,217 --> 00:41:53,886
we created communitiesof criminalization.
876
00:41:53,928 --> 00:41:56,055
[man] Most expertsbelieve we're worse off now
877
00:41:56,096 --> 00:41:57,723
than when Reagan took office,
878
00:41:57,765 --> 00:41:59,475
this despite $21 1/2 billion
879
00:41:59,517 --> 00:42:01,769
and despite Mrs. Reagan'shighly publicized
880
00:42:01,810 --> 00:42:04,813
but sadly ineffectiveanti-drug campaign.
881
00:42:04,855 --> 00:42:07,107
When it comes to drugsand alcohol,
882
00:42:07,149 --> 00:42:08,442
just say no.
883
00:42:08,484 --> 00:42:12,696
God bless you and good night.
884
00:42:15,866 --> 00:42:18,953
Reagan was cutting programson the social side
885
00:42:18,994 --> 00:42:22,456
and increasingthe budget enormously
886
00:42:22,498 --> 00:42:25,209
on the Pentagon sideof things on defense.
887
00:42:25,251 --> 00:42:28,837
[marching band playing]
888
00:42:28,879 --> 00:42:30,798
[Alter] Reagan hadcampaigned on building
889
00:42:30,839 --> 00:42:34,718
a stronger military.
890
00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:38,597
So the ideologykind of crowded out
891
00:42:38,639 --> 00:42:42,851
a clear-eyed analysisof what was actually needed
892
00:42:42,893 --> 00:42:44,562
to protect the country.
893
00:42:44,603 --> 00:42:47,773
[Ronald] We must immediatelystart a rebuilding
894
00:42:47,815 --> 00:42:49,692
of our defensive capability
895
00:42:49,733 --> 00:42:51,569
to the point that no nationon this Earth
896
00:42:51,610 --> 00:42:53,279
would dare lift a handagainst us.
897
00:42:53,320 --> 00:42:55,114
[cheers and applause]
898
00:42:55,155 --> 00:42:56,740
[Adelman] Reagan's view was
899
00:42:56,782 --> 00:43:00,411
we need to spend on defenseto protect America.
900
00:43:00,452 --> 00:43:01,912
The Sovietswanna match us on that,
901
00:43:01,954 --> 00:43:05,040
that will spend theminto oblivion.
902
00:43:05,082 --> 00:43:06,709
And that wasn't whatthe CIA was saying.
903
00:43:06,750 --> 00:43:09,878
What the CIA was saying was,since the end of the '70s,
904
00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:12,881
Soviet spendingwas pretty steady line
905
00:43:12,923 --> 00:43:15,259
regardlessof the United States budget.
906
00:43:15,301 --> 00:43:18,262
But Reagan's viewwas different from that.
907
00:43:18,304 --> 00:43:20,931
I don't know if he knewwhat the CIA estimates were.
908
00:43:20,973 --> 00:43:22,725
He probably didn't.
909
00:43:22,766 --> 00:43:24,226
[Johnson]Our greatest military adversary
910
00:43:24,268 --> 00:43:25,894
was basically broke.
911
00:43:25,936 --> 00:43:27,938
The Soviet Unionwas collapsing upon itself
912
00:43:27,980 --> 00:43:29,732
because ofgrotesque incompetence
913
00:43:29,773 --> 00:43:31,775
and mismanagementof their economy.
914
00:43:31,817 --> 00:43:34,945
So our spendingwas just expanding
915
00:43:34,987 --> 00:43:36,739
the militaryindustrial complex.
916
00:43:36,780 --> 00:43:38,616
[man] Defense SecretaryCaspar Weinberger
917
00:43:38,657 --> 00:43:41,285
has been rebuildingAmerica's military,
918
00:43:41,327 --> 00:43:43,120
with a philosophyof peace through strength,
919
00:43:43,162 --> 00:43:45,331
strength through money.
920
00:43:45,372 --> 00:43:47,791
[Shearer]Peace through strength--
921
00:43:47,833 --> 00:43:51,128
it was a convenientand brilliant cover,
922
00:43:51,170 --> 00:43:54,506
use government spendingfor the military,
923
00:43:54,548 --> 00:43:58,260
then you could starvethe rest of the government.
924
00:43:58,302 --> 00:43:59,595
-Hi, Bobby. How are you?-A pleasure.
925
00:43:59,637 --> 00:44:00,512
What's someone gonna dowith landing gear
926
00:44:00,554 --> 00:44:01,972
in the backyard?-I had a friend
927
00:44:02,014 --> 00:44:04,183
who sold $100 millionor roughly close to it.
928
00:44:04,224 --> 00:44:07,811
[Alter] Defense contractorsand the Defense Department
929
00:44:07,853 --> 00:44:11,815
all reinforced each otherto spend taxpayer money.
930
00:44:11,857 --> 00:44:14,234
All of Reagan's fiscal prudence
931
00:44:14,276 --> 00:44:17,154
and efficiencywent out the window.
932
00:44:17,196 --> 00:44:18,947
[man] The senior officialrecently said
933
00:44:18,989 --> 00:44:20,824
that military contractorscould cut up
934
00:44:20,866 --> 00:44:23,494
to 50% from their cost.
935
00:44:23,535 --> 00:44:26,830
But this is not a system likelyto enforce such discipline.
936
00:44:26,872 --> 00:44:30,292
[Wiley] Reagan kept talkingabout limited government,
937
00:44:30,334 --> 00:44:32,670
but then,essentially created government
938
00:44:32,711 --> 00:44:35,756
of military might and power,
939
00:44:35,798 --> 00:44:39,176
not a governmentof investing in people.
940
00:44:39,218 --> 00:44:44,306
Let friend and foe alikeknow that America has the muscle
941
00:44:44,348 --> 00:44:45,683
to back up its words,
942
00:44:45,724 --> 00:44:49,019
and ships like thisand men like you
943
00:44:49,061 --> 00:44:51,230
are that muscle.
944
00:44:51,271 --> 00:44:53,524
[loud cheers and applause]
945
00:44:53,565 --> 00:44:56,735
[indistinct chatter]
946
00:44:56,777 --> 00:44:59,363
Now, I imagine you have a fewthings on your mind
947
00:44:59,405 --> 00:45:01,699
that you would liketo talk about, Gary.
948
00:45:01,740 --> 00:45:03,951
Mr. President,the polls continue to show
949
00:45:03,992 --> 00:45:07,121
that between 60and 70% of the people
950
00:45:07,162 --> 00:45:11,709
still consider youto be a rich man's president
951
00:45:11,750 --> 00:45:14,002
with no idea of what the peoplewho aren't wealthy
952
00:45:14,044 --> 00:45:15,587
are going through out there.
953
00:45:15,629 --> 00:45:17,756
How does that make you feel?
954
00:45:17,798 --> 00:45:19,508
dramatic music plays
955
00:45:19,550 --> 00:45:21,885
I just--my feeling,
956
00:45:21,927 --> 00:45:23,887
and it's very deepwithin me, is this.
957
00:45:23,929 --> 00:45:26,849
No, the rich don't need my help.
958
00:45:26,890 --> 00:45:29,893
And I'm not doing thingsto help the rich.
959
00:45:29,935 --> 00:45:32,229
I'm doing thingsthat I think are fair
960
00:45:32,271 --> 00:45:34,523
to all the people.
961
00:45:34,565 --> 00:45:37,067
[Ron Jr.] It was one of thosethings where facts and evidence
962
00:45:37,109 --> 00:45:40,362
didn't seem to carry the day.
963
00:45:40,404 --> 00:45:43,407
He liked the ideathat if you let people,
964
00:45:43,449 --> 00:45:46,243
meaning rich people,hang on to more of their money,
965
00:45:46,285 --> 00:45:50,914
that somehow this will benefitall of society, you know?
966
00:45:50,956 --> 00:45:52,916
[scoffs] No, it doesn't.[laughs] We know that.
967
00:45:52,958 --> 00:45:54,918
But, you know,you'd run into that,
968
00:45:54,960 --> 00:45:57,421
"All I know is..."
969
00:45:57,463 --> 00:46:00,215
[Ronald] What I wantto see above all is,
970
00:46:00,257 --> 00:46:02,760
that this countryremains a country
971
00:46:02,801 --> 00:46:06,263
where someonecan always get rich.
972
00:46:06,305 --> 00:46:08,932
That's the thing that we haveand that must be preserved.
973
00:46:08,974 --> 00:46:11,059
Now, I don't know
974
00:46:11,101 --> 00:46:15,355
how much, uh, more I can do,um, on this subject.
975
00:46:15,397 --> 00:46:16,940
I thought I had another linethere for a minute
976
00:46:16,982 --> 00:46:19,109
that I was gonna, uh,gonna use,
977
00:46:19,151 --> 00:46:21,320
but maybe it's just as wellthat I don't use it.
978
00:46:23,739 --> 00:46:25,699
[Alter]The beginning of the end
979
00:46:25,741 --> 00:46:30,120
for the American middle classwas in the 1980s.
980
00:46:30,162 --> 00:46:33,791
The economic idea thatRonald Reagan believed in
981
00:46:33,832 --> 00:46:37,211
turned out to not be true.
982
00:46:37,252 --> 00:46:40,714
No argument availableon the other side
983
00:46:40,756 --> 00:46:42,466
because enough time has passed
984
00:46:42,508 --> 00:46:45,636
that history has rendereda verdict.
985
00:46:45,677 --> 00:46:49,139
How come no one calls itReaganomics anymore?
986
00:46:49,181 --> 00:46:50,974
[laughter and applause]
987
00:46:51,016 --> 00:46:53,060
I never did call it that.
988
00:46:53,101 --> 00:46:55,979
That was their name when theythought it wouldn't work.
989
00:46:56,021 --> 00:46:58,899
I just called it common sense.
990
00:46:58,941 --> 00:47:00,317
[Stahl] Even fromwithin the White House,
991
00:47:00,359 --> 00:47:03,529
people likethe budget director, Stockman,
992
00:47:03,570 --> 00:47:06,031
began to say,"This idea is faulty."
993
00:47:06,073 --> 00:47:08,158
[man] David Stockmanfound that the complexities
994
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:11,286
of tax policy workedsimply beyond the president.
995
00:47:11,328 --> 00:47:14,373
So he ignored the factsand wandered in circles.
996
00:47:14,414 --> 00:47:15,833
[Cannon] Stockman said,"Ronald Reagan doesn't know
997
00:47:15,874 --> 00:47:18,210
what he's doing."
998
00:47:18,252 --> 00:47:20,128
It was an eye-openerinto the cynicism
999
00:47:20,170 --> 00:47:24,132
of the budget policiesof the Reagan administration.
1000
00:47:24,174 --> 00:47:25,467
There is plenty of blameto go around,
1001
00:47:25,509 --> 00:47:27,469
starting with me.
1002
00:47:27,511 --> 00:47:31,640
And there are plentyof serious problems
1003
00:47:31,682 --> 00:47:33,600
lurking in the future
1004
00:47:33,642 --> 00:47:37,312
that simply aren't beingaddressed in the present time.
1005
00:47:37,354 --> 00:47:39,523
[Johnson]The economy did improve,
1006
00:47:39,565 --> 00:47:43,819
but it improved for peoplewho already had money.
1007
00:47:43,861 --> 00:47:45,863
That did nothing to lift anyoneout of poverty.
1008
00:47:45,904 --> 00:47:47,614
And that is the part ofthe Reagan revolution
1009
00:47:47,656 --> 00:47:51,368
economically that peopleconveniently ignore
1010
00:47:51,410 --> 00:47:55,122
in order to maintain the mythof the Reagan presidency.
1011
00:47:55,163 --> 00:47:58,876
[Lopez] We have high levelsof equal wealth distribution
1012
00:47:58,917 --> 00:48:01,628
running through the 1970s.
1013
00:48:01,670 --> 00:48:05,799
And then, under Ronald Reagan,you see the curve of wealth
1014
00:48:05,841 --> 00:48:09,261
inequalitybegin to go skyward,
1015
00:48:09,303 --> 00:48:10,929
as the one percentand the one-tenth percent
1016
00:48:10,971 --> 00:48:12,639
begin to take more and more
1017
00:48:12,681 --> 00:48:14,933
and moreof the country's wealth.
1018
00:48:14,975 --> 00:48:17,060
[Brown] At a timewhen we need national unity,
1019
00:48:17,102 --> 00:48:19,396
more than ever before,we are experiencing
1020
00:48:19,438 --> 00:48:22,065
a growing division
1021
00:48:22,107 --> 00:48:25,611
because of this transferof wealth
1022
00:48:25,652 --> 00:48:27,112
from the working poorto the working rich
1023
00:48:27,154 --> 00:48:29,990
and the non-working rich.
1024
00:48:30,032 --> 00:48:32,451
[Lopez] Ronald Reaganinitiates the process
1025
00:48:32,492 --> 00:48:34,745
by which governmentwill take wealth
1026
00:48:34,786 --> 00:48:38,165
from working families,from the middle class,
1027
00:48:38,206 --> 00:48:39,958
and siphon it upwards.
1028
00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:44,379
He does so through tax policy,by cutting government programs
1029
00:48:44,421 --> 00:48:47,925
that helped the middle classby busting unions.
1030
00:48:47,966 --> 00:48:50,093
And now, we havethe highest levels
1031
00:48:50,135 --> 00:48:53,430
of wealth inequalitywe've seen in a century.
1032
00:48:53,472 --> 00:48:55,098
[applause]
1033
00:48:55,140 --> 00:48:57,476
dramatic music plays
1034
00:49:00,646 --> 00:49:02,105
[man] And action.
1035
00:49:02,147 --> 00:49:03,899
The kind of futureour young people will have
1036
00:49:03,941 --> 00:49:07,194
is something you never forgetwhen you live here.
1037
00:49:07,235 --> 00:49:11,031
[Khachigian]In the re-election campaign,
1038
00:49:11,073 --> 00:49:14,076
I was writing commercialsmore than speeches.
1039
00:49:14,117 --> 00:49:19,414
The message in 1984was encapsulated
1040
00:49:19,456 --> 00:49:22,334
in that theme, "It's MorningAgain in America."
1041
00:49:22,376 --> 00:49:23,919
[engine revving, birds chirping]
1042
00:49:23,961 --> 00:49:28,006
The idea of beingthe economy had come back,
1043
00:49:28,048 --> 00:49:30,509
the national defensehad come back.
1044
00:49:30,550 --> 00:49:31,885
[bicycle bell rings]-[man] Good morning, Jim.
1045
00:49:31,927 --> 00:49:35,764
[Khachigian] And the spiritof America had returned.
1046
00:49:35,806 --> 00:49:37,265
[man] Under the leadershipof President Reagan,
1047
00:49:37,307 --> 00:49:41,353
our country is prouderand stronger and better.
1048
00:49:43,146 --> 00:49:45,440
[Will] Ronald Reaganunderstood that
1049
00:49:45,482 --> 00:49:47,484
the things happenwhen people are confident.
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00:49:47,526 --> 00:49:49,903
[Baker] He was alwaysextoling the virtues
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00:49:49,945 --> 00:49:53,156
of this shining cityon the hill,
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the virtues of thiswonderful country we live in.
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[Johnson] That"Morning in America" campaign
1054
00:49:59,287 --> 00:50:02,666
is a pop culture fantasyof a strong nation
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that had recoveredafter years of turmoil.
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It is a nationthat got its swag back
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led by an old-fashioned cowboyand his dutiful wife.
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[Shearer]One of Reagan's geniuses
1059
00:50:23,270 --> 00:50:26,857
was to convince people to voteagainst their own self-interest,
1060
00:50:26,898 --> 00:50:30,402
the notion that if yousupported Reaganomics,
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00:50:30,444 --> 00:50:33,321
you would have a better lifewhen it wasn't true,
1062
00:50:33,363 --> 00:50:36,658
but he convinced peopleto do it.
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00:50:36,700 --> 00:50:39,036
[Johnson]Reagan realized something
1064
00:50:39,077 --> 00:50:42,831
a lot of politicianswere always afraid to admit.
1065
00:50:42,873 --> 00:50:45,000
A lot of Americansare just selfish,
1066
00:50:45,042 --> 00:50:47,711
and the best wayto destroy a program
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00:50:47,753 --> 00:50:50,547
is not just to tell peoplethat it's inefficient.
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00:50:50,589 --> 00:50:53,050
It's to tell them that they haveto share it with somebody,
1069
00:50:53,091 --> 00:50:54,843
especially if that means
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Black and brown peoplein America.
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00:50:58,096 --> 00:51:00,724
[Wiley] Reagan knewexactly how to package
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00:51:00,766 --> 00:51:04,352
the myth of the American dreamthat was painted white
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and where everyonecould advance.
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The wonderful partabout our country
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is that you can work hardand better yourself...
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00:51:16,364 --> 00:51:18,158
which is what Ronnie did.
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00:51:20,452 --> 00:51:21,870
[Wiley] The Reagans erased
1078
00:51:21,912 --> 00:51:24,748
their own experienceof the world,
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00:51:24,790 --> 00:51:26,917
their own relationships,
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00:51:26,958 --> 00:51:29,753
the power and the privilegethat they had been given.
1081
00:51:29,795 --> 00:51:33,757
Ultimately, Reagan was aboutserving his own ideology
1082
00:51:33,799 --> 00:51:36,760
and not about paying attention
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00:51:36,802 --> 00:51:39,221
to the needsof the American people.
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00:51:39,262 --> 00:51:40,889
[indistinct chatter]
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[Ronald] The best viewof big government
1086
00:51:43,350 --> 00:51:45,727
is in a rearview mirroras we leave it behind.
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00:51:47,479 --> 00:51:50,107
[Lopez] Today,there is this belief
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00:51:50,148 --> 00:51:51,775
that, of course,the United States
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00:51:51,817 --> 00:51:53,777
is committed to a vision
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in which government doesas little as possible.
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It's all part of the mythologyof Reagan.
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[crowd] Four more years!
1093
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[Shearer] I think that's oneof the worst things,
1094
00:52:02,828 --> 00:52:05,747
was this cynicismabout government,
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00:52:05,789 --> 00:52:08,250
because Americawas supposed to be found
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00:52:08,291 --> 00:52:10,752
on the ideaof a democratic government.
1097
00:52:10,794 --> 00:52:13,421
And if you get cynicalabout government,
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00:52:13,463 --> 00:52:16,133
then you're gonna get cynicalabout democracy.
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[crowd chanting]USA! USA! USA! USA!
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00:52:20,137 --> 00:52:23,140
[Lear] Everything Reagan was,
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00:52:23,181 --> 00:52:28,145
so affable, so likeable,so neighborly,
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00:52:28,186 --> 00:52:31,231
was antitheticalto the polarity
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00:52:31,273 --> 00:52:32,899
he'd pushed through,which amounted
1104
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to greed is good...
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[ laughs ] or greed is great,
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00:52:38,488 --> 00:52:42,075
or screw everybodybut the one percent.
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[woman]Clad in blue jeans, tennis shoes
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00:52:56,381 --> 00:52:58,049
and a raid jacketwith her name on it,
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Nancy Reagan first watchedundercover police
1110
00:53:00,343 --> 00:53:03,180
make street buysfrom inside a motor home
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00:53:03,221 --> 00:53:06,349
and followed as they busted14 occupants of this home.
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[Nancy] What a waste.What a wasted life.
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[man] Would you describewhat you saw inside?
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[Nancy] I saw a lotof people on the floor,
1115
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and, uh, floorsthat were unfurnished,
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00:53:20,071 --> 00:53:21,823
small little house.
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00:53:21,865 --> 00:53:23,658
You wish that--
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you wish that somehowyou could have--
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somebody could have gottena hold of them sooner.
100914
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