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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:03,750 In this lecture we're gonna be talking about something called for shortening. 2 00:00:03,780 --> 00:00:05,400 So what is for shortening. 3 00:00:05,400 --> 00:00:08,670 Well let's have a look at a few photograph examples. 4 00:00:08,700 --> 00:00:14,310 So for short it is basically perspective when it comes to the human form or any type of form early but 5 00:00:14,310 --> 00:00:19,170 for shortening is basically when things get larger as you get closer to the viewer or smaller as you 6 00:00:19,170 --> 00:00:20,550 get further away from the viewer. 7 00:00:20,550 --> 00:00:25,590 So in the case of this hand for example reaching out for the camera you can see that the hand is it's 8 00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:28,180 much bigger than it would look if it was down to her side. 9 00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:31,860 It's actually bigger than her face when you're looking at it in terms of 2D. 10 00:00:32,130 --> 00:00:37,890 And so this is for shortening another aspect for shortening is that things become shorter. 11 00:00:37,890 --> 00:00:43,820 So for example her arm here her arm would be considered kind of a cylinder so if we're to kind of draw 12 00:00:43,820 --> 00:00:50,600 that out like that you can see that that cylinder is kind of shrunken and squashed down. 13 00:00:50,610 --> 00:00:58,660 If we saw this arm from the side the cylinder probably much longer and looks something like this right. 14 00:00:58,660 --> 00:01:04,300 And so those are two aspects for shortening is one that things get squashed when they're kind of moving 15 00:01:04,300 --> 00:01:09,370 directly towards you and the other part is that they get larger as they get closer to the viewer and 16 00:01:09,370 --> 00:01:11,000 smaller as you get further away. 17 00:01:11,320 --> 00:01:13,150 So let's have a look at another example. 18 00:01:13,150 --> 00:01:17,110 So here's a photograph of some runners and there's a few examples of for shortening going on here. 19 00:01:17,110 --> 00:01:22,960 We can see an example here in this girl's arm you can see that even though there's not a lot of scale 20 00:01:22,960 --> 00:01:27,490 difference going on so this hand doesn't look at that much bigger because it's you're not close enough 21 00:01:27,490 --> 00:01:32,620 as the viewer to her hand for it to be that much larger but you will notice that her forearm is being 22 00:01:32,620 --> 00:01:37,420 foreshortened and to kind of a stub your looking cylinder even though it's not really it just appears 23 00:01:37,420 --> 00:01:41,750 to be because you can see right here it's very short it's about that distance right there. 24 00:01:41,890 --> 00:01:43,660 But on this arm up here. 25 00:01:43,660 --> 00:01:46,800 Let me switch to a red maybe easier for you guys to see it. 26 00:01:46,900 --> 00:01:51,550 Her forearm is really about that long when you're looking on it straight on but over here it's a lot 27 00:01:51,550 --> 00:01:55,110 more foreshortened. 28 00:01:55,210 --> 00:01:57,370 Same thing applies to their leg. 29 00:01:57,370 --> 00:01:59,670 So for example this girl's leg right here. 30 00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:01,630 This has a little bit of foreshortened going on 31 00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:10,710 so if we're looking at this from the side her front knee would be coming out like this towards the viewer 32 00:02:11,070 --> 00:02:18,040 and then her calf would be going back like this away from the viewer and so what's happening is the 33 00:02:18,040 --> 00:02:24,370 knee is the closest part to the viewer so right there and this leg right here is gonna be foreshortened 34 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:28,110 so rather than being completely extended downwards so we can see the complete length of it. 35 00:02:28,150 --> 00:02:30,330 It gets squashed just a little bit. 36 00:02:30,460 --> 00:02:36,250 Now an even more extreme example of this is right here you can see that this is basic the her leg is 37 00:02:36,250 --> 00:02:42,760 doing basically the same thing but it's being foreshortened so it's been a lot more squashed than that 38 00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:46,780 because it's angling away even more from the view if we looked at her leg from the side probably looks 39 00:02:46,780 --> 00:02:47,800 something like this 40 00:02:53,170 --> 00:02:53,500 right. 41 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:56,650 So much more angled away from the viewer. 42 00:02:57,070 --> 00:02:57,360 All right. 43 00:02:57,370 --> 00:03:01,960 So let's go ahead and let's talk about what kind of exercise we can we do to have a good understanding 44 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:03,140 of foreshortened. 45 00:03:03,190 --> 00:03:07,040 So right here I've drawn a torso and the head and stuff of a male. 46 00:03:07,330 --> 00:03:10,810 So you can do the same thing it doesn't have to be as detailed in fact it could just kind of be some 47 00:03:10,810 --> 00:03:12,730 very simple rectangles and stuff. 48 00:03:12,970 --> 00:03:19,420 But basically we're going to take the torso and we're going to draw an exercise that helps us understand 49 00:03:19,420 --> 00:03:20,680 the for shortening of the arm. 50 00:03:20,680 --> 00:03:24,130 So if we had the arm extended directly straight out. 51 00:03:24,190 --> 00:03:27,700 So what I'll do is I'm going to go ahead and I'm going to just kind of sketch out 52 00:03:33,170 --> 00:03:33,680 an ARM 53 00:03:45,700 --> 00:03:51,980 AND I'LL JUST KEEP THE FORMS nice and simple so for the handle just kind of do a form like that. 54 00:03:51,980 --> 00:04:00,120 It's would be kind of a cylinder. 55 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:01,810 This will also be kind of a cylinder 56 00:04:05,330 --> 00:04:05,670 All right. 57 00:04:05,920 --> 00:04:06,790 So there's our arm. 58 00:04:07,300 --> 00:04:13,390 So what we're gonna do is we're gonna make kind of a pivot point right here at the end of his arm on 59 00:04:13,390 --> 00:04:14,560 the inside. 60 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:20,980 So from that pivot point if we're kind of looking at a down shot a little bit what we would get is we 61 00:04:20,980 --> 00:04:27,160 could kind of draw a big sort of circle and perspective like this around it and we probably want the 62 00:04:27,160 --> 00:04:28,360 other end of the circle to be. 63 00:04:28,480 --> 00:04:30,370 We wanted to be about the same distance as his arm. 64 00:04:30,370 --> 00:04:31,930 So we wanted to kind of go out to their 65 00:04:39,850 --> 00:04:41,470 it's just something like that. 66 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:44,620 And from this what we can do is we can kind of pivot the arm around this. 67 00:04:44,620 --> 00:04:49,840 So for example I can draw another one of these I mean add a new layer bring down the pass through a 68 00:04:49,840 --> 00:04:54,610 little bit so we can see a little bit better and so you'll see that I can for Shorten an arm I can make 69 00:04:54,610 --> 00:05:00,040 the arm facing straight out from this point by having it follow the circle because as the arm rotates 70 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:02,320 around the body I would kind of stay within that circle. 71 00:05:02,380 --> 00:05:06,580 So what I can do is I can start by drawing the cylinder for 72 00:05:09,180 --> 00:05:13,740 the biceps and I'll move this in a little bit actually so somewhere right about there. 73 00:05:13,740 --> 00:05:18,440 So is a cylinder for the biceps and we want this kind of be moving outward. 74 00:05:18,450 --> 00:05:22,200 So because of perspective it's gonna be going off to a vanishing point so we can kind of follow some 75 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:23,600 guidelines like that. 76 00:05:23,610 --> 00:05:28,860 So this is the bicep cylinder so this one right here but we're seeing it in more of a front view and 77 00:05:28,860 --> 00:05:37,890 it's been foreshortened next is going to be the four arm for an arm tapers and so because we have to 78 00:05:37,890 --> 00:05:41,550 angle these lines outwards what's going to happen is it's going to kind of counterbalance. 79 00:05:41,550 --> 00:05:46,770 So it's actually almost just going to look like it's straight line coming out because as it tapers it 80 00:05:46,770 --> 00:05:47,900 actually gets larger. 81 00:05:47,910 --> 00:05:52,650 But at the same time it's getting smaller because it's tapering next let's go ahead and draw the hand 82 00:05:52,650 --> 00:05:56,490 in so just kind of draw this form in like this 83 00:06:08,110 --> 00:06:10,960 then the shoulder could kind of be drawn right there. 84 00:06:10,970 --> 00:06:11,440 All right great. 85 00:06:11,470 --> 00:06:16,320 So you can see that there's this extended out arm one that's extending out towards the viewer. 86 00:06:16,490 --> 00:06:26,140 What if we wanted to go ahead and draw one that was extending out about halfway or the 45 degree angle. 87 00:06:26,180 --> 00:06:33,850 So what we can do is we can just start by drawing in the cylinder for the biceps and again because of 88 00:06:33,850 --> 00:06:36,790 this angle it's going to be foreshortened just a little bit and what you can do is you can actually 89 00:06:36,790 --> 00:06:44,420 draw another ring circle inside of this just to kind of give you an idea of where the end of that bicep 90 00:06:44,470 --> 00:06:48,460 is and so should each one should kind of follow that circle. 91 00:06:48,460 --> 00:06:50,640 Same with the fore arm if you wanted to do that. 92 00:06:50,650 --> 00:06:55,630 It's getting a little messy looking so don't worry about that right now but you can see that it can 93 00:06:55,630 --> 00:07:03,510 go ahead and draw out the fore arm which kind of gets squashed a little bit as well because of for shortening 94 00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:04,740 and then it can draw 95 00:07:07,730 --> 00:07:09,100 the form for the hand. 96 00:07:09,280 --> 00:07:17,920 Just kind of a rectangular shape like that and the shoulder. 97 00:07:17,950 --> 00:07:18,580 All right great. 98 00:07:18,580 --> 00:07:23,540 So there's kind of three versions of the foreshortened arm. 99 00:07:23,850 --> 00:07:28,150 And so that's just kind of a good exercise to help you give an understanding of how for shortening works 100 00:07:28,150 --> 00:07:31,450 and how to think about especially on the human body because the main things that are gonna be for shortening 101 00:07:31,810 --> 00:07:34,830 are the arms and the legs more than anything. 102 00:07:34,870 --> 00:07:36,550 Now let's go ahead and let's try one more thing. 103 00:07:36,550 --> 00:07:37,510 Let's try it with the leg. 104 00:07:37,510 --> 00:07:42,250 So what I'm gonna do is I'm just gonna draw a quick sort of character just kind of sitting on the ground 105 00:07:43,190 --> 00:07:46,930 and we'll just do a simple kind of shape like this just to represent his torso 106 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:54,560 an arm there aren't there 107 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:03,820 all right. 108 00:08:03,820 --> 00:08:06,640 And so one kind of leg socket is gonna be right there. 109 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:08,430 The other one will be right about here 110 00:08:28,700 --> 00:08:29,130 right. 111 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:30,710 So there's just a nice simple little sketch. 112 00:08:31,140 --> 00:08:36,210 So coming off this what we're gonna do and maybe I'll actually move these leg sockets over a little 113 00:08:36,210 --> 00:08:44,300 bit so many race that come put one right here put another one right over here. 114 00:08:44,410 --> 00:08:44,820 All right. 115 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:50,170 So we're gonna try drawing the legs in two different angles with like two different forms of force shortening. 116 00:08:50,170 --> 00:08:57,040 So what we can do is we can go ahead and we can kind of draw another one of these sort of helicopter 117 00:08:57,220 --> 00:09:00,440 ovals like that and then is just kind of a circle and perspective. 118 00:09:00,460 --> 00:09:05,170 Just to give you an idea if we're drawing prospective lines the circles kind of laying on a plane that's 119 00:09:05,170 --> 00:09:07,350 in perspective like that. 120 00:09:07,540 --> 00:09:11,260 And so what we can do is with this we can draw all kinds of different leg so we can have a leg coming 121 00:09:11,260 --> 00:09:17,090 out like this right where we can have it coming straight forward. 122 00:09:17,170 --> 00:09:22,710 We're just using that circle to kind of tell us how long it should be based off of where it's angled 123 00:09:23,330 --> 00:09:25,530 and you're going to want to do the same thing for the other leg. 124 00:09:25,560 --> 00:09:31,800 So another thing is when we're drawing we can kind of try this coiling effect where you kind of just 125 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:35,910 draw circles like this out and they kind of get smaller as you taper down to the bottom of the foot 126 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:42,900 that and they kind of work as construction lines so it kind of gives you a good feel for what the form 127 00:09:42,900 --> 00:09:47,490 of the leg is and also kind of how it's moving out towards the viewer. 128 00:09:47,490 --> 00:09:54,430 So then we can go and draw kind of a foot in there and as you can see because of for shortening our 129 00:09:54,430 --> 00:09:59,080 foot is a bit larger than it's larger than our head if we were to take this distance from top to bottom 130 00:09:59,080 --> 00:10:03,790 put up by the head it'll be bigger than the hat which generally isn't real. 131 00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:07,540 But with for shortening it appears that things that are closer to us are larger. 132 00:10:08,230 --> 00:10:14,850 All right then so from this we can go ahead and kind of sketch in the calf sketch in a kneecap in the 133 00:10:14,850 --> 00:10:23,840 shin and thigh that we can do the other thing for the other leg so for the other leg let's have the 134 00:10:23,840 --> 00:10:26,150 leg kind of extending out this way. 135 00:10:26,150 --> 00:10:27,220 We're not gonna use a circle. 136 00:10:27,230 --> 00:10:31,200 We can carnies as a guide but because it's the other leg it should kind of be shifted out the circle 137 00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:32,510 should come out here. 138 00:10:32,690 --> 00:10:35,870 So we'll kind of keep that in mind as we're drawing. 139 00:10:35,870 --> 00:10:42,130 So again we can kind of do the same thing we can just kind of use these coils but since we're looking 140 00:10:42,130 --> 00:10:47,500 at the coils from this side now you can see that kind of changes that form 141 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:52,820 just something like that. 142 00:10:52,930 --> 00:10:58,150 So then we can use those as a guide and it's OK if you don't follow exactly what the coils. 143 00:10:58,150 --> 00:11:05,090 Because maybe your coils didn't maybe you didn't draw them exactly like the form of leg. 144 00:11:05,330 --> 00:11:06,670 You just want to get them kind of close 145 00:11:16,190 --> 00:11:16,520 right. 146 00:11:16,570 --> 00:11:17,660 So there's his legs 147 00:11:33,940 --> 00:11:34,960 all right great. 148 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:38,760 And honestly this foot right here this could actually be a little bit larger. 149 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:44,120 So just using Photoshop tool just go ahead enlarge that a little bit 150 00:11:48,510 --> 00:11:50,970 like that so there you go. 151 00:11:51,030 --> 00:11:55,660 There's kind of another exercise you can do to learn for shortening. 152 00:11:55,710 --> 00:12:00,690 So a lot of the times for shortening is just kind of intuitive it's not necessarily a science or there's 153 00:12:00,690 --> 00:12:03,150 not really necessarily proportions you can follow. 154 00:12:03,150 --> 00:12:08,490 You can kind of go into the real nitty gritty details of drawing actual perspective with a vanishing 155 00:12:08,490 --> 00:12:09,210 point. 156 00:12:09,210 --> 00:12:12,700 But typically when you're drawing characters you just wanted to be quick and fast. 157 00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:17,940 And so it really just comes down to drawing a lot of reference that has for shortening going on in it 158 00:12:18,210 --> 00:12:22,620 so that you can gain an understanding kind of just build that into your muscle memory and your visual 159 00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:25,320 library so you can just kind of draw it whenever you want. 160 00:12:25,560 --> 00:12:31,230 But these are two techniques that kind of help you along as by either one thinking of the four shortening 161 00:12:31,260 --> 00:12:37,590 as a bunch of forms so cylinders coming towards you for example and then maybe the forearms right here 162 00:12:40,310 --> 00:12:41,020 right. 163 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:42,710 So you can think of for Shorten in that way. 164 00:12:43,760 --> 00:12:46,450 And you can also think of for Shorten as kind of these coils. 165 00:12:46,450 --> 00:12:48,800 So if something's coming out towards you 166 00:12:51,700 --> 00:12:53,890 and the coils just kind of get bigger. 167 00:12:54,370 --> 00:12:59,170 And then what you get is you kind of get this warm like form that's kind of moving out towards your 168 00:12:59,170 --> 00:13:14,600 viewer but it's incorporating for shortening. 169 00:13:14,630 --> 00:13:19,410 So I think that those are the two easiest and best ways to work with for shortening. 170 00:13:19,550 --> 00:13:21,220 That brings us to the end of this lecture. 171 00:13:21,230 --> 00:13:25,070 If you have any questions about for shortening make sure you post them to the Q and A section of the 172 00:13:25,070 --> 00:13:25,700 course. 173 00:13:25,850 --> 00:13:30,770 And if there's a drawing that you're drawing and it involves for shortening especially exaggerated for 174 00:13:30,770 --> 00:13:35,750 shortening like we have right here with his foot then definitely post that and see if you can get any 175 00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:40,820 critiques because for shortening is kind of one of the hardest things I think for a lot of artists to 176 00:13:40,820 --> 00:13:41,590 get good at. 177 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:45,290 And so it's something you really want to practice and it's something you want people to constantly be 178 00:13:45,290 --> 00:13:48,680 giving you feedback on so that you can get really good at it. 179 00:13:48,680 --> 00:13:51,830 Thanks for watching this lecture and I'll see you in the next one. 18382

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