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Yesterday, I received
another crazy letter,
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00:01:56,250 --> 00:01:58,293
unsigned and without a sender,
3
00:01:58,408 --> 00:02:00,652
postmarked San Francisco.
4
00:02:00,729 --> 00:02:04,449
"Escher,
you're an utter madman.
5
00:02:04,526 --> 00:02:07,653
Yes, utterly, beautifully mad.
6
00:02:07,729 --> 00:02:10,731
I thank the source
of your madness.
7
00:02:10,808 --> 00:02:12,850
A math teacher."
8
00:02:12,927 --> 00:02:15,046
How on Earth?
9
00:02:22,805 --> 00:02:29,249
I feel uncertain
when the sky is dark.
10
00:02:29,326 --> 00:02:31,685
The hippies in San Francisco
11
00:02:31,771 --> 00:02:35,128
continue to print my work
clandestinely.
12
00:02:35,205 --> 00:02:38,647
I managed to get hold of
a couple of horrendous results
13
00:02:38,724 --> 00:02:41,083
through the mediation
of a friendly customer
14
00:02:41,170 --> 00:02:43,049
who lives in that area.
15
00:02:43,126 --> 00:02:45,571
I cannot understand why
16
00:02:45,648 --> 00:02:48,084
the out-of-control
youths of today
17
00:02:48,209 --> 00:02:50,731
appreciate my work so much,
18
00:02:50,808 --> 00:02:53,924
but it does get tiring
after a while.
19
00:02:55,727 --> 00:02:59,084
I receive placemats
with my work printed on them.
20
00:03:00,848 --> 00:03:03,687
They just go ahead and do it
without asking me
21
00:03:03,802 --> 00:03:06,209
or being ashamed of it.
22
00:03:11,685 --> 00:03:13,603
My first exposure to Escher
23
00:03:13,689 --> 00:03:19,088
was in either late '66
or early 1967.
24
00:03:19,165 --> 00:03:21,045
I was at my apartment
in London,
25
00:03:21,122 --> 00:03:24,526
and there was a knock
at the door.
26
00:03:24,603 --> 00:03:26,041
And a friend of mine,
Eric Burdon,
27
00:03:26,127 --> 00:03:29,043
who is a lead singer
for The Animals,
28
00:03:29,129 --> 00:03:30,961
a very popular group,
29
00:03:31,047 --> 00:03:34,404
was on my doorstep
with a book in his hand,
30
00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:36,044
and the book he had brought
31
00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:38,403
was one of the early
Escher books,
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00:03:38,489 --> 00:03:41,922
and I must tell you that, uh...
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00:03:42,009 --> 00:03:44,886
I think it literally
changed my life.
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00:03:44,962 --> 00:03:49,326
So I called him, and I said,
"Good morning, Mr. Escher.
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00:03:49,402 --> 00:03:51,205
I don't want to disturb you.
36
00:03:51,282 --> 00:03:52,682
I'm an Englishman.
37
00:03:52,769 --> 00:03:54,360
I just wanted to let you know
38
00:03:54,447 --> 00:03:56,806
what a brilliant artist
I think you are."
39
00:03:56,883 --> 00:03:58,599
And that's all I wanted to say.
40
00:03:58,686 --> 00:04:01,965
But then he said,
"I'm not an artist."
41
00:04:03,922 --> 00:04:05,964
And it was shocking to me
42
00:04:06,041 --> 00:04:09,561
to hear Escher tell me
that he wasn't an artist,
43
00:04:09,647 --> 00:04:11,565
because of course,
I think he is.
44
00:04:11,642 --> 00:04:14,519
So I said, "Okay,
if you're not an artist,
45
00:04:14,605 --> 00:04:15,727
what are you?"
46
00:04:15,804 --> 00:04:19,285
He said, "I'm a mathematician."
47
00:04:19,362 --> 00:04:22,565
I thought, "Wow,
he doesn't really know
48
00:04:22,641 --> 00:04:29,479
or understand how popular
and why his work is so popular
49
00:04:29,565 --> 00:04:31,886
amongst all
the younger generations.
50
00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:54,921
Yesterday, I received a visit
from English artists.
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00:04:54,998 --> 00:04:58,757
He was dressed up like a clown
in blue and red all over.
52
00:04:58,844 --> 00:05:01,279
She had full circles
around her eyes.
53
00:05:01,366 --> 00:05:04,406
It's all very nice,
these little love-ins.
54
00:05:04,483 --> 00:05:06,362
They came to offer me flowers.
55
00:05:06,439 --> 00:05:08,242
I don't understand it.
56
00:05:08,319 --> 00:05:10,601
They appreciate my work
while I don't care one bit
57
00:05:10,678 --> 00:05:12,845
for what they're making
these days.
58
00:05:12,922 --> 00:05:14,878
You make op art.
59
00:05:14,964 --> 00:05:17,477
I don't even know what it is,
"op art."
60
00:05:17,602 --> 00:05:20,364
I've been making this work
for years.
61
00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:23,480
I keep wandering around
in riddles.
62
00:05:57,918 --> 00:06:03,519
On June the 17th, 1898,
I was born here in Leeuwarden
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00:06:03,595 --> 00:06:05,916
in this stately home.
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00:06:08,477 --> 00:06:10,443
The Princessehof.
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00:06:17,079 --> 00:06:19,879
I come from
an exact sciences family,
66
00:06:19,956 --> 00:06:21,720
and I have the privilege
of having parents
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00:06:21,797 --> 00:06:25,556
who are not only educated,
but wealthy as well.
68
00:06:28,798 --> 00:06:30,879
I am a vulnerable boy,
69
00:06:30,956 --> 00:06:32,835
and the pediatrician
prescribes me
70
00:06:32,922 --> 00:06:35,319
a fairly long stay
at the seaside,
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00:06:35,396 --> 00:06:39,999
at the Children's Pension
Villa Groot Kijkduin.
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00:06:40,076 --> 00:06:43,682
I also attend school there.
73
00:06:43,758 --> 00:06:47,076
The only bright spots
are the drawing lessons,
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00:06:47,153 --> 00:06:48,841
not because I'm good at it,
75
00:06:48,918 --> 00:06:50,356
but because it's
my only comfort
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00:06:50,433 --> 00:06:53,521
during this awful time.
77
00:06:53,598 --> 00:06:57,558
The fear of not being able
to keep up is the problem.
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00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:13,200
Come around
tomorrow afternoon...
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00:07:13,276 --> 00:07:14,878
After secondary school,
80
00:07:14,955 --> 00:07:17,400
I attend the Haarlem School
of Architecture
81
00:07:17,477 --> 00:07:19,395
and Decorative Arts.
82
00:07:27,076 --> 00:07:31,516
My graphics arts teacher
is Jessurun de Mesquita.
83
00:07:31,593 --> 00:07:33,674
I owe a lot to him.
84
00:07:33,751 --> 00:07:35,918
He saw potential
in my woodcuts,
85
00:07:35,995 --> 00:07:37,635
and after only three days,
86
00:07:37,712 --> 00:07:41,711
he forced a switch
to continue in that direction.
87
00:07:41,797 --> 00:07:43,312
Had he not spoken
with my parents,
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00:07:43,398 --> 00:07:46,036
I would've continued
in architecture,
89
00:07:46,112 --> 00:07:47,791
and I have never
had an interest
90
00:07:47,877 --> 00:07:49,996
in building houses.
91
00:08:03,595 --> 00:08:06,434
I can work like a dog one day
92
00:08:06,549 --> 00:08:09,071
and hardly do a thing the next.
93
00:08:09,157 --> 00:08:11,794
On those days, I stride
up and down the room
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00:08:11,871 --> 00:08:14,393
like a madman,
when I'm being consumed
95
00:08:14,470 --> 00:08:18,316
by the desire to give shape
to a grand idea
96
00:08:18,392 --> 00:08:20,713
without the ability to do so.
97
00:08:29,076 --> 00:08:32,912
For instance, I'm working
on a drawing of trees.
98
00:08:32,988 --> 00:08:34,993
The result
strongly conveys the idea
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00:08:35,069 --> 00:08:38,512
of a procession,
a stately row of trees
100
00:08:38,589 --> 00:08:41,830
walking hither from far away
across the hills
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00:08:41,917 --> 00:08:44,592
and which, after climbing
the last hill,
102
00:08:44,669 --> 00:08:49,234
suddenly stands before us
gigantic and threatening.
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00:08:49,311 --> 00:08:52,830
Beautiful idea,
and it's there in the drawing,
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00:08:52,907 --> 00:08:56,954
but not nearly as strong
as I feel it.
105
00:08:57,030 --> 00:08:58,316
I take comfort in the thought
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00:08:58,392 --> 00:09:00,109
that a man will
probably never be able
107
00:09:00,234 --> 00:09:01,595
to visualize an idea
108
00:09:01,672 --> 00:09:04,674
as strongly as he feels it
himself.
109
00:09:38,431 --> 00:09:43,350
I like to draw here
in the St. Bavo in Haarlem.
110
00:09:43,427 --> 00:09:45,748
Being able to bathe
in the organ's
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00:09:45,824 --> 00:09:48,145
thundering abundance of sounds
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00:09:48,232 --> 00:09:51,310
gives me
an overwhelming emotion.
113
00:09:55,750 --> 00:09:59,385
The stormy wind rushed
through the pipes of the organ
114
00:09:59,471 --> 00:10:03,873
and a thunderous voice
proclaimed the glory of God.
115
00:10:03,950 --> 00:10:06,031
Then a young man
laid down on his back
116
00:10:06,107 --> 00:10:08,428
on the big, cold stones.
117
00:10:11,909 --> 00:10:14,748
The thundering wind rushed
through the pipes of the organ
118
00:10:14,825 --> 00:10:16,551
until the pillars of the church
119
00:10:16,628 --> 00:10:19,552
could not bear the sound
any more than he could.
120
00:10:45,024 --> 00:10:47,268
The organ grew a lot bigger,
121
00:10:47,344 --> 00:10:50,749
its pipes stretching
from the heavens to the Earth,
122
00:10:50,825 --> 00:10:53,223
and the young man felt
such a strong wind
123
00:10:53,309 --> 00:10:58,824
that he rose from the stones
and flew into the air.
124
00:11:19,068 --> 00:11:23,384
And then I am admitted
to hospital for observation.
125
00:11:26,385 --> 00:11:29,905
My gastroenterologist
deems my situation hopeless
126
00:11:29,981 --> 00:11:32,667
and expects my complete
and utter demise
127
00:11:32,743 --> 00:11:36,829
within a day or three,
followed by a solemn funeral.
128
00:11:39,706 --> 00:11:42,381
Oh, maybe that's putting it
a bit too harsh.
129
00:11:42,468 --> 00:11:44,788
I have to regain my strength,
130
00:11:44,865 --> 00:11:47,301
set out on my journey.
131
00:12:10,259 --> 00:12:13,702
Without clouds,
the sky is blue.
132
00:12:13,779 --> 00:12:16,023
That's something I've known
for a long time.
133
00:12:16,100 --> 00:12:19,504
But the first time I saw
the light blue of the sky
134
00:12:19,581 --> 00:12:21,700
above the hills of Tuscany,
135
00:12:21,787 --> 00:12:24,779
it was framed
by dark cypresses.
136
00:12:27,061 --> 00:12:31,779
The blueness of the sky
is incomprehensible to me,
137
00:12:31,866 --> 00:12:35,778
as blue as... yes, as what?
138
00:12:35,865 --> 00:12:38,339
Bluer than
the Mediterranean Sea,
139
00:12:38,425 --> 00:12:41,379
bluer than the blue
of the Dutch flag.
140
00:12:41,465 --> 00:12:46,184
Bluer than snow is white
and pitch is black.
141
00:12:49,099 --> 00:12:51,698
I cannot describe
the curious feeling
142
00:12:51,784 --> 00:12:54,258
this lovely beauty gives me.
143
00:12:54,345 --> 00:12:57,059
My poor eyes are staring
and my poor brain
144
00:12:57,145 --> 00:13:02,937
is trying to comprehend
the incomprehensible.
145
00:13:03,024 --> 00:13:05,901
Rarely, if ever,
have I felt more calm,
146
00:13:05,977 --> 00:13:09,257
pleasant, and comfortable
than lately.
147
00:13:11,338 --> 00:13:16,296
Many wondrous prints spring
from my industrious hands.
148
00:13:16,382 --> 00:13:18,061
I leave it to posterity
to judge
149
00:13:18,137 --> 00:13:20,976
whether these contain beauty.
150
00:13:45,814 --> 00:13:48,135
I set woodcutting aside
for a while
151
00:13:48,221 --> 00:13:50,743
to improve my drawing skills.
152
00:13:50,820 --> 00:13:52,297
I want to learn to look
153
00:13:52,383 --> 00:13:55,375
and see better
whilst I am drawing.
154
00:13:55,462 --> 00:13:58,137
I want to enjoy
the tiniest details
155
00:13:58,214 --> 00:14:00,055
such as
a one-inch diameter plant
156
00:14:00,142 --> 00:14:02,741
on a piece of rock.
157
00:14:02,817 --> 00:14:06,979
I want to try to draw these
as accurately as possible.
158
00:14:10,297 --> 00:14:12,858
With your nose
right on top of it,
159
00:14:12,935 --> 00:14:17,020
you see all of its beauty
and all of its simplicity.
160
00:14:17,097 --> 00:14:20,338
But when you start drawing,
only then do you realize
161
00:14:20,415 --> 00:14:23,014
how terribly complicated
and shapeless
162
00:14:23,100 --> 00:14:25,133
that beauty really is.
163
00:14:25,220 --> 00:14:28,461
It is so terribly difficult.
164
00:14:28,538 --> 00:14:31,856
A small piece of rock,
it's beautiful,
165
00:14:31,933 --> 00:14:34,541
but there's nothing
to hold on to.
166
00:14:34,618 --> 00:14:36,852
There is no form
that can be captured,
167
00:14:36,939 --> 00:14:39,135
it simply goes on
in all directions,
168
00:14:39,221 --> 00:14:40,861
and you don't know
where to begin
169
00:14:40,938 --> 00:14:42,654
and where to end.
170
00:14:42,740 --> 00:14:45,541
So nothing comes of it,
of course.
171
00:14:45,617 --> 00:14:47,094
And I won't even start
172
00:14:47,181 --> 00:14:50,096
with all the beautiful
little flowers.
173
00:14:50,173 --> 00:14:52,493
Color is indispensable
for that,
174
00:14:52,580 --> 00:14:55,534
and I don't want to color.
175
00:15:39,369 --> 00:15:42,256
In the spring of 1923,
176
00:15:42,333 --> 00:15:45,536
I stay in Ravello,
which is situated on a hill
177
00:15:45,613 --> 00:15:48,250
surrounded by the foaming
and rippling waves
178
00:15:48,336 --> 00:15:52,373
of the azure Old World sea.
179
00:15:52,450 --> 00:15:54,656
There, on a blissful afternoon
180
00:15:54,733 --> 00:15:56,651
in the little hotel
where I've settled in,
181
00:15:56,737 --> 00:16:00,937
three new guests join me
at my table:
182
00:16:01,014 --> 00:16:04,217
a gentleman, his wife,
and his daughter,
183
00:16:04,294 --> 00:16:07,574
Jetta Umiker, 24 years old.
184
00:16:09,377 --> 00:16:12,091
They've been expelled
from Russia by the Bolsheviks,
185
00:16:12,177 --> 00:16:15,610
leaving behind
all their possessions.
186
00:16:15,696 --> 00:16:18,132
Russia has left its mark on her
187
00:16:18,209 --> 00:16:20,213
as much mentally
as physically,
188
00:16:20,290 --> 00:16:22,131
because she has suffered
from hunger
189
00:16:22,208 --> 00:16:26,092
and seen too many people
being murdered.
190
00:16:26,169 --> 00:16:28,614
She exerts an influence on me
191
00:16:28,691 --> 00:16:30,935
similar to that
of an electromagnet
192
00:16:31,012 --> 00:16:35,768
on a scrappy piece
of cast iron.
193
00:16:35,855 --> 00:16:38,290
Although I decided
to keep my feelings hidden,
194
00:16:38,367 --> 00:16:41,695
her influence
finally becomes so powerful
195
00:16:41,772 --> 00:16:43,891
that on the last day
before her departure,
196
00:16:43,968 --> 00:16:45,895
the piece of cast iron loses
197
00:16:45,972 --> 00:16:48,734
its last remaining
mental capabilities
198
00:16:48,811 --> 00:16:53,855
and slams into the magnet
with a dull thud.
199
00:16:53,932 --> 00:16:55,888
While we are out
on a walk together,
200
00:16:55,974 --> 00:16:58,612
I open up my heart to her.
201
00:17:13,371 --> 00:17:17,005
The prettiest
and softest things you possess
202
00:17:17,092 --> 00:17:20,371
besides your heart
are your hands.
203
00:17:20,448 --> 00:17:22,050
They touch me.
204
00:17:22,174 --> 00:17:25,607
Your long fingers,
like those of a thief,
205
00:17:25,694 --> 00:17:28,130
have stolen my heart.
206
00:17:28,206 --> 00:17:30,527
Why have they chosen it?
207
00:17:38,966 --> 00:17:41,450
Yesterday afternoon,
I escorted Jetta
208
00:17:41,527 --> 00:17:43,368
and her parents
to the train station
209
00:17:43,445 --> 00:17:45,766
where she left for Switzerland.
210
00:17:45,852 --> 00:17:50,206
I feel left behind here,
miserable, and lonely.
211
00:17:58,329 --> 00:18:00,007
I can be alone the whole day,
212
00:18:00,084 --> 00:18:01,886
because when I'm cutting wood,
213
00:18:01,973 --> 00:18:07,650
it sets my light,
fantastical thoughts in motion.
214
00:18:07,727 --> 00:18:09,328
But in the evening,
215
00:18:09,405 --> 00:18:12,809
when my great longing for Jetta
overwhelms me,
216
00:18:12,886 --> 00:18:15,888
the loneliness
becomes unbearable.
217
00:18:26,207 --> 00:18:28,643
Then I walked
through the narrow streets
218
00:18:28,729 --> 00:18:30,772
and think of
the ever so sad life
219
00:18:30,848 --> 00:18:33,131
she is leading,
220
00:18:33,207 --> 00:18:34,569
and of the possibility
221
00:18:34,646 --> 00:18:38,089
that I might make
that life happier.
222
00:20:18,045 --> 00:20:21,124
I like to sketch
in the evening in Rome,
223
00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:24,039
the wondrous, beautiful,
nocturnal Rome
224
00:20:24,125 --> 00:20:27,204
that I love so much more
than the same architecture
225
00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:29,045
during the day.
226
00:20:41,483 --> 00:20:44,523
All the excessive
Baroque thrills
227
00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:47,678
that Rome is filled with
fade at night.
228
00:20:56,281 --> 00:20:58,640
Moreover, the modern,
indirect lighting
229
00:20:58,716 --> 00:21:00,404
with large floodlights
230
00:21:00,481 --> 00:21:03,080
helps to increase
the fantastic effect.
231
00:21:04,442 --> 00:21:06,839
So I draw every evening
232
00:21:06,916 --> 00:21:10,244
and finish the sketch on wood
the next day.
233
00:21:23,564 --> 00:21:25,837
I know no greater joy
234
00:21:25,923 --> 00:21:28,877
than to wander through valleys
and over hills
235
00:21:28,963 --> 00:21:30,642
from village to village
236
00:21:30,718 --> 00:21:34,717
to feel the artlessness
of nature affect me
237
00:21:34,804 --> 00:21:37,681
and enjoy the unexpected
and never thought of
238
00:21:37,757 --> 00:21:40,078
in the greatest
possible contrast
239
00:21:40,155 --> 00:21:42,955
with everyday life at home.
240
00:21:51,356 --> 00:21:55,039
On my journeys,
everything seems real,
241
00:21:55,115 --> 00:21:57,359
but when you remember it later,
242
00:21:57,436 --> 00:22:00,121
you realize that
it was like a dream.
243
00:22:05,194 --> 00:22:08,599
When I remember a scent,
a feeling, or a sound,
244
00:22:08,676 --> 00:22:12,559
the emotion sometimes
becomes too strong for me.
245
00:23:36,510 --> 00:23:38,313
And then there is
the delightful fact
246
00:23:38,390 --> 00:23:40,634
of knowingly abstaining
247
00:23:40,711 --> 00:23:43,434
from the comfort
we are used to at home.
248
00:23:43,511 --> 00:23:48,153
Unpleasant things, such as
a bed not free of vermin,
249
00:23:48,229 --> 00:23:50,473
or food of lesser quality,
250
00:23:50,550 --> 00:23:54,751
even become
part of the enjoyment.
251
00:23:54,837 --> 00:23:56,908
I often think of
undertaking such journeys
252
00:23:56,995 --> 00:23:59,152
in the company
of my sons one day.
253
00:23:59,229 --> 00:24:04,072
For children, it must be
the greatest joy imaginable.
254
00:25:43,904 --> 00:25:46,704
That winter, we were
in the Swiss mountains
255
00:25:46,791 --> 00:25:52,027
in that horrendous white,
snowy misery I cannot stand.
256
00:25:52,103 --> 00:25:55,911
I hate that white shroud
covering the earth.
257
00:26:00,869 --> 00:26:03,592
One night,
when we'd just gone to bed,
258
00:26:03,707 --> 00:26:05,788
the sound Jetta's hair made
259
00:26:05,865 --> 00:26:07,831
as she was plaiting it
in the dark
260
00:26:07,908 --> 00:26:10,430
reminded me of
the sound of a boat
261
00:26:10,545 --> 00:26:13,432
when it breasts a quiet sea.
262
00:26:16,146 --> 00:26:20,471
A great longing for the sea
took control of me.
263
00:26:27,989 --> 00:26:31,231
Suddenly, I came up
with the idea to write a letter
264
00:26:31,307 --> 00:26:33,705
to an Italian
merchant shipping company
265
00:26:33,782 --> 00:26:35,949
that operated a service
around Italy
266
00:26:36,026 --> 00:26:38,107
to Valencia in Spain.
267
00:26:39,862 --> 00:26:42,182
I proposed
that Jetta and myself
268
00:26:42,269 --> 00:26:45,865
would come along
as passengers for free.
269
00:26:45,942 --> 00:26:49,308
In return, I would make
12 prints for them
270
00:26:49,384 --> 00:26:51,629
based on sketches made
during the journey
271
00:26:51,705 --> 00:26:55,426
in order to advertise
their tourist transport.
272
00:27:00,547 --> 00:27:03,549
To my astonishment,
after a few days,
273
00:27:03,626 --> 00:27:06,148
I received
a letter of approval.
274
00:27:15,028 --> 00:27:18,941
I drew like a maniac,
was perfectly pampered.
275
00:27:19,027 --> 00:27:22,547
One liter of wine a day
and lived the life of a prince
276
00:27:22,623 --> 00:27:24,743
on this floating house
that brought me
277
00:27:24,820 --> 00:27:28,943
to a new port every day
without any lugging.
278
00:27:29,020 --> 00:27:31,264
It was delightful.
279
00:27:47,903 --> 00:27:51,345
In Valencia, we disembarked
for a three-week journey
280
00:27:51,422 --> 00:27:55,258
across Southern Spain
at our own expense.
281
00:28:35,018 --> 00:28:38,298
In Granada, we visited
the Alhambra.
282
00:28:38,384 --> 00:28:41,942
In this wonderful
aristocratic work of art,
283
00:28:42,019 --> 00:28:46,104
we spent three days
copying passionately.
284
00:28:46,181 --> 00:28:48,176
The palaces were full
of visitors
285
00:28:48,262 --> 00:28:50,180
who formed
a large audience around us
286
00:28:50,257 --> 00:28:52,136
while we were drawing.
287
00:29:39,540 --> 00:29:43,299
What fascinates me
in the tiles of the Alhambra
288
00:29:43,414 --> 00:29:46,819
is the discovery of a motif
that repeats itself
289
00:29:46,895 --> 00:29:49,734
according to a certain system.
290
00:30:08,818 --> 00:30:12,501
In Haarlem, I already enjoyed
giving meaning
291
00:30:12,577 --> 00:30:15,972
to the entire surface
of a piece of paper,
292
00:30:16,059 --> 00:30:17,938
by this I mean to say
that I don't want to draw
293
00:30:18,015 --> 00:30:20,854
the head of a person
against the background
294
00:30:20,940 --> 00:30:22,532
of a room, for example.
295
00:30:22,618 --> 00:30:26,819
No, besides the head,
the background should have
296
00:30:26,895 --> 00:30:29,139
as much meaning
as the head itself,
297
00:30:29,254 --> 00:30:31,853
thus becoming another head!
298
00:30:39,736 --> 00:30:42,537
It was a first attempt
to systematize,
299
00:30:42,613 --> 00:30:44,972
although at the time,
I didn't really understand
300
00:30:45,059 --> 00:30:46,334
what I was doing.
301
00:30:48,339 --> 00:30:52,453
I was disheartened,
so I abandoned this puzzle.
302
00:30:52,539 --> 00:30:54,093
I was completely inexperienced
303
00:30:54,179 --> 00:30:56,135
and no one on Earth
could help me.
304
00:31:08,497 --> 00:31:11,892
The wall and floor mosaics
at the Alhambra
305
00:31:11,978 --> 00:31:14,097
stem from the same thought,
306
00:31:14,212 --> 00:31:18,336
albeit the Moors only use
geometric figures.
307
00:31:47,288 --> 00:31:49,456
What a pity
the Moors didn't use figures
308
00:31:49,532 --> 00:31:52,093
derived from nature,
such as building blocks,
309
00:31:52,170 --> 00:31:55,651
fish, birds,
reptiles, or humans.
310
00:31:55,737 --> 00:31:59,688
Recognizability is
so important to me
311
00:31:59,774 --> 00:32:02,172
that I've never been able
to do without it.
312
00:33:45,332 --> 00:33:47,211
I had left Italy.
313
00:33:47,288 --> 00:33:50,491
I lost the Italian landscape
and architecture,
314
00:33:50,568 --> 00:33:53,569
and something else
had to take its place.
315
00:33:53,646 --> 00:33:57,808
This stimulated the formation
of inner images.
316
00:33:57,885 --> 00:34:00,608
I started working with passion
when I discovered
317
00:34:00,685 --> 00:34:04,166
that I had things of my own
that had to come out,
318
00:34:04,243 --> 00:34:08,127
that I could express something
others don't have.
319
00:34:11,848 --> 00:34:17,688
I am 40, the age at which
most people are at their best.
320
00:34:17,803 --> 00:34:21,802
For me, this is
the richest of times.
321
00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:09,043
I showed my brother,
a geologist,
322
00:35:09,129 --> 00:35:11,527
some tessellation motifs.
323
00:35:13,684 --> 00:35:15,286
He was interested in my motifs
324
00:35:15,401 --> 00:35:17,607
from a more scientific
point of view
325
00:35:17,683 --> 00:35:20,321
and told me that
I was unknowingly applying
326
00:35:20,407 --> 00:35:23,965
a kind of two-dimensional
crystallography.
327
00:35:34,725 --> 00:35:36,681
He advised me
to read up on it,
328
00:35:36,767 --> 00:35:39,280
but most of the articles
were far too difficult,
329
00:35:39,366 --> 00:35:42,042
dry, and theoretical for me.
330
00:35:42,119 --> 00:35:44,564
Still, my understanding
became clearer,
331
00:35:44,679 --> 00:35:46,962
and I began to see
the possibilities offered
332
00:35:47,038 --> 00:35:50,884
by the regular division
of the plane.
333
00:35:50,961 --> 00:35:53,886
For the first time,
I dared to create compositions
334
00:35:53,962 --> 00:35:57,606
based on the problem
of expressing endlessness
335
00:35:57,683 --> 00:36:00,205
within a limited plane.
336
00:36:07,801 --> 00:36:11,004
An endless series
of three-dimensional men
337
00:36:11,119 --> 00:36:13,679
is rushing down the stairs.
338
00:36:13,766 --> 00:36:16,278
Gradually, they lose
their plasticity
339
00:36:16,365 --> 00:36:19,846
as they freeze, flatten,
and turn into the motif
340
00:36:19,922 --> 00:36:23,317
of a regularly organized
tessellation.
341
00:36:25,561 --> 00:36:29,762
The motif simplifies upwards
towards its original form,
342
00:36:29,838 --> 00:36:31,440
the diamond.
343
00:36:31,565 --> 00:36:34,797
Three diamonds in white,
gray, and black
344
00:36:34,883 --> 00:36:36,638
together form a cube
345
00:36:36,724 --> 00:36:39,438
and thus regain
their plasticity.
346
00:36:39,524 --> 00:36:43,360
The cube turns into a block,
a house,
347
00:36:43,437 --> 00:36:46,276
and from a house,
a human product.
348
00:36:46,362 --> 00:36:48,558
The people reappear
349
00:36:48,644 --> 00:36:51,483
to endlessly repeat
their cycle.
350
00:36:51,560 --> 00:36:54,600
The familiar tile floor motif
on the terraces
351
00:36:54,677 --> 00:36:57,477
is the same
original motif again.
352
00:36:57,563 --> 00:37:01,361
The diamond, the link between
two and three dimensions,
353
00:37:01,438 --> 00:37:04,199
the idea upon which
the entire composition
354
00:37:04,276 --> 00:37:06,156
is built.
355
00:37:06,242 --> 00:37:08,362
The landscape
behind the houses
356
00:37:08,438 --> 00:37:11,919
is intended
as a maximum of naturalness,
357
00:37:11,996 --> 00:37:14,998
in contrast to
the mathematical tessellation
358
00:37:15,075 --> 00:37:16,954
at the bottom of the print.
359
00:37:24,674 --> 00:37:29,594
The print Day and Night
is a similar kind of cycle.
360
00:38:05,556 --> 00:38:08,520
The judgment of acquaintances
and friends
361
00:38:08,596 --> 00:38:11,435
makes me feel that
this is strange to them.
362
00:38:11,521 --> 00:38:13,756
and they don't know
what to think of it.
363
00:38:13,832 --> 00:38:16,594
The reception is not conducive
to the enthusiasm
364
00:38:16,681 --> 00:38:19,193
with which I am
painstakingly tinkering
365
00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:21,840
and searching
in this direction.
366
00:38:21,955 --> 00:38:23,192
I fear that other prints
367
00:38:23,279 --> 00:38:24,717
will be a disappointment
as well,
368
00:38:24,832 --> 00:38:27,834
because in those,
I deviate even more so
369
00:38:27,920 --> 00:38:29,320
than in Day and Night
370
00:38:29,397 --> 00:38:32,715
from a desire
for aesthetic satisfaction.
371
00:38:32,792 --> 00:38:35,832
The mathematical interest
is becoming so dominant
372
00:38:35,918 --> 00:38:39,754
that I am wondering whether
it is still trying to be art
373
00:38:39,831 --> 00:38:43,514
and whether it even belongs
at an art exhibition.
374
00:38:54,954 --> 00:38:58,119
As a little boy
lying in bed at night,
375
00:38:58,196 --> 00:39:01,437
I would enjoy playing
with associative thoughts.
376
00:39:01,514 --> 00:39:03,432
For example, I would say,
377
00:39:03,518 --> 00:39:05,992
"How can I find
the logical connection
378
00:39:06,079 --> 00:39:09,953
between the letter S
and the tail of my dog?"
379
00:39:10,030 --> 00:39:11,718
A thousand ways to get there.
380
00:39:11,794 --> 00:39:16,273
For example, S,
sky, bird, nest,
381
00:39:16,350 --> 00:39:20,915
branch, tree,
garden, dog, tail.
382
00:39:22,996 --> 00:39:24,751
I played a lot of these games,
383
00:39:24,837 --> 00:39:27,589
and actually,
I haven't got much further.
384
00:39:27,675 --> 00:39:28,874
I've merely found a way
385
00:39:28,951 --> 00:39:32,509
to express these thoughts
visually.
386
00:39:32,595 --> 00:39:36,949
The regular hexagon,
honeycomb, bee.
387
00:39:44,631 --> 00:39:46,750
A new factor
has been added to this,
388
00:39:46,875 --> 00:39:51,037
a direct association of shape.
389
00:39:51,113 --> 00:39:54,796
A fish whose background
turns into a bird.
390
00:39:59,716 --> 00:40:03,753
So it's a mishmash
that lacks all profoundness.
391
00:40:03,830 --> 00:40:08,107
It is and remains
the game of a child.
392
00:40:08,193 --> 00:40:13,429
And sensible people are welcome
to consider it trivial.
393
00:40:13,516 --> 00:40:16,911
The best way for me to express
my association mania
394
00:40:16,987 --> 00:40:19,711
would be in an animated film.
395
00:40:19,788 --> 00:40:22,032
In the future,
the animated film
396
00:40:22,108 --> 00:40:23,710
will become
an artistic expression
397
00:40:23,787 --> 00:40:25,235
of great value,
398
00:40:25,311 --> 00:40:27,392
showing more important thoughts
399
00:40:27,469 --> 00:40:29,915
than Snow White or Mickey,
400
00:40:29,991 --> 00:40:33,031
although I have no contempt
for these products at all.
401
00:40:33,108 --> 00:40:37,107
On the contrary,
admiration for Disney's talent.
402
00:40:41,192 --> 00:40:45,307
I often dream of the film
I would like to make,
403
00:40:45,393 --> 00:40:49,708
the astonishing metamorphosis
you would see then.
404
00:40:54,666 --> 00:40:57,668
Sadly, there would be
no audience for it
405
00:40:57,745 --> 00:41:03,393
as I would most certainly
bore people to death with it.
406
00:41:34,311 --> 00:41:37,745
Since the complete exclusion
of the Jews,
407
00:41:37,831 --> 00:41:39,385
I feel increasingly
uncomfortable
408
00:41:39,471 --> 00:41:41,187
when I exhibit my work.
409
00:41:41,264 --> 00:41:44,669
It feels like I'm profiteering.
410
00:41:44,745 --> 00:41:47,469
And if I'm not mistaken,
all visual artists
411
00:41:47,546 --> 00:41:50,547
will be forced to join
the Chamber of Culture,
412
00:41:50,624 --> 00:41:53,952
otherwise they will not be able
to exhibit their work.
413
00:41:57,826 --> 00:42:01,509
I've cancelled my membership
of the artist society Pulchri
414
00:42:01,624 --> 00:42:04,750
and the graphic association
myself.
415
00:42:04,827 --> 00:42:07,148
I think that will be
clear enough.
416
00:42:21,187 --> 00:42:24,822
Here in Baarn,
I hardly know anyone,
417
00:42:24,908 --> 00:42:27,306
and I don't know a lot
of colleagues either.
418
00:42:27,383 --> 00:42:29,070
No matter how satisfied I am
419
00:42:29,147 --> 00:42:31,746
with the isolation
in which we live here,
420
00:42:31,823 --> 00:42:33,664
at this moment,
I would like to have
421
00:42:33,741 --> 00:42:36,464
a bit more human contact.
422
00:42:43,340 --> 00:42:45,987
I have developed
the tessellation pattern
423
00:42:46,064 --> 00:42:49,622
of white optimists
and Black pessimists
424
00:42:49,708 --> 00:42:51,789
into a complete morality tale.
425
00:42:51,866 --> 00:42:55,424
One white and one Black
representative of each type
426
00:42:55,500 --> 00:42:58,301
free themselves
from the gray surface
427
00:42:58,387 --> 00:43:02,261
of the back wall
and walk into space.
428
00:43:02,348 --> 00:43:05,023
They avoid tumbling into
the round hole in the middle,
429
00:43:05,148 --> 00:43:08,341
so they're bound to meet each
other in the foreground.
430
00:43:08,428 --> 00:43:10,585
The Black pessimist continues
431
00:43:10,662 --> 00:43:13,462
to raise his warning finger
until the end,
432
00:43:13,539 --> 00:43:14,939
but the white optimist
433
00:43:15,026 --> 00:43:17,222
cheerfully comes
to his encounter,
434
00:43:17,308 --> 00:43:20,386
and they end up shaking hands.
435
00:43:28,385 --> 00:43:30,945
I had many Jewish friends.
436
00:43:31,022 --> 00:43:35,500
My old teacher, de Mesquita,
he refused to go into hiding.
437
00:43:40,861 --> 00:43:44,227
One night,
they were all taken away.
438
00:43:44,304 --> 00:43:46,980
In '44, during
the Hongerwinter,
439
00:43:47,104 --> 00:43:49,703
the neighbors said,
"Haven't you heard?
440
00:43:49,780 --> 00:43:52,580
The Mesquitas
have been taken away."
441
00:43:56,224 --> 00:43:58,066
I entered their home.
442
00:43:58,142 --> 00:44:00,463
This print was lying
on the floor
443
00:44:00,540 --> 00:44:03,618
with the nail prints
of the German boots on it,
444
00:44:03,743 --> 00:44:05,066
and in his studio,
445
00:44:05,143 --> 00:44:07,339
everything was turned
upside down.
446
00:44:07,425 --> 00:44:09,986
I took home 200 prints.
447
00:44:10,063 --> 00:44:12,537
These things
cannot be forgotten,
448
00:44:12,623 --> 00:44:16,018
taken away
in the middle of the night.
449
00:44:16,104 --> 00:44:18,818
And every now and then,
the image looms up before me
450
00:44:18,905 --> 00:44:22,539
like a nightmare.
451
00:44:22,626 --> 00:44:26,663
When in the night escaped
from the narcosis of sleep,
452
00:44:26,740 --> 00:44:29,137
my opened eyes stare
453
00:44:29,223 --> 00:44:32,340
into unfathomable depths
of darkness,
454
00:44:32,417 --> 00:44:38,622
the birds of despair
come flying on slow wings.
455
00:45:28,816 --> 00:45:32,901
We had a single rickety bike
with makeshift tires,
456
00:45:32,978 --> 00:45:34,541
which I rode to Overijssel
457
00:45:34,618 --> 00:45:38,176
through the bitter cold,
wind, and rain.
458
00:45:38,262 --> 00:45:41,139
Those journeys upset me
very much,
459
00:45:41,216 --> 00:45:44,294
I saw such an awful lot
of suffering.
460
00:45:44,380 --> 00:45:46,174
I'll never forget it.
461
00:45:46,298 --> 00:45:49,214
But I could keep our family
on its feet,
462
00:45:49,300 --> 00:45:54,296
even though my wife
is now in bad shape.
463
00:45:54,373 --> 00:45:58,257
However, I wasn't able
to get any work done.
464
00:45:58,334 --> 00:46:02,294
That was the bitterest pill
I had to swallow.
465
00:46:09,861 --> 00:46:12,978
After the war,
I retired to my studio.
466
00:46:13,054 --> 00:46:16,296
My sons now take care
of the food supply.
467
00:46:16,373 --> 00:46:18,971
My wife is too weak
to do much herself
468
00:46:19,058 --> 00:46:20,698
besides cooking.
469
00:47:03,814 --> 00:47:06,931
Finally, I am working again.
470
00:47:07,017 --> 00:47:09,894
It takes more effort
than ever before.
471
00:47:09,971 --> 00:47:12,810
My brain seems to be
completely dazed.
472
00:47:12,896 --> 00:47:15,457
But at least I'm doing
something again.
473
00:47:37,648 --> 00:47:40,256
Originally,
the intention of The Eye
474
00:47:40,333 --> 00:47:42,452
was nothing more
than a general interest
475
00:47:42,529 --> 00:47:44,294
in the human eye.
476
00:47:44,409 --> 00:47:47,132
But since the viewer
always sees himself
477
00:47:47,209 --> 00:47:50,335
reflected in the eye
he is looking at,
478
00:47:50,412 --> 00:47:53,011
I thought I would show
the reflection of a skull
479
00:47:53,088 --> 00:47:56,847
as a variant of the prints
with mirroring spheres,
480
00:47:56,933 --> 00:47:59,647
because we are all,
whether we want it or not,
481
00:47:59,734 --> 00:48:01,652
looking at death,
482
00:48:01,728 --> 00:48:05,171
and he is looking back at us.
483
00:48:35,370 --> 00:48:38,525
God Almighty, I wish
I would learn to draw
484
00:48:38,611 --> 00:48:40,731
a little better.
485
00:48:40,808 --> 00:48:43,454
What exertion
and determination it takes
486
00:48:43,531 --> 00:48:45,449
to try and do it well.
487
00:48:45,526 --> 00:48:47,770
Every now and then,
I'm close to delirium
488
00:48:47,885 --> 00:48:50,206
from pure nerves.
489
00:48:50,292 --> 00:48:52,968
It is really only a matter
of dogged persistence
490
00:48:53,054 --> 00:48:57,724
with continuous,
pitiless self criticism.
491
00:48:57,811 --> 00:49:01,090
Talent and such is
actually just hogwash,
492
00:49:01,167 --> 00:49:02,970
for the most part.
493
00:49:09,530 --> 00:49:12,167
Any schoolboy
with a little aptitude
494
00:49:12,292 --> 00:49:15,610
will perhaps be better
at drawing than I am.
495
00:49:17,413 --> 00:49:19,484
But what he most often lacks
496
00:49:19,570 --> 00:49:22,687
is the tough yearning
for realization,
497
00:49:22,764 --> 00:49:25,171
the teeth-grinding
stubbornness,
498
00:49:25,248 --> 00:49:29,611
and saying, "Even though
I know I cannot do it,
499
00:49:29,688 --> 00:49:32,728
I want to do it anyway."
500
00:50:05,727 --> 00:50:07,166
The puddle is
501
00:50:07,242 --> 00:50:10,886
uncharacteristically
impressionistic for me,
502
00:50:10,963 --> 00:50:14,166
but the symbol is so strong
and striking in itself,
503
00:50:14,243 --> 00:50:16,487
and every time,
it is such a consolation
504
00:50:16,564 --> 00:50:20,007
to see the sky
in the puddle again.
505
00:50:20,083 --> 00:50:21,445
But it did not come to my mind
506
00:50:21,522 --> 00:50:23,162
to change anything
in the image
507
00:50:23,248 --> 00:50:26,566
as it occurs on a forest
or country road.
508
00:50:26,643 --> 00:50:29,846
It was not my intention
to draw a particular puddle
509
00:50:29,923 --> 00:50:31,726
on a particular country road,
510
00:50:31,802 --> 00:50:34,641
but the puddle
that can be found anywhere,
511
00:50:34,727 --> 00:50:36,444
all over the world.
512
00:51:45,760 --> 00:51:47,237
This creature,
513
00:51:47,324 --> 00:51:52,282
pedalternorotandomovens
centroculatus articulosus,
514
00:51:52,358 --> 00:51:54,564
popularly known as "Curl-up,"
515
00:51:54,641 --> 00:51:57,844
was born
out of dissatisfaction.
516
00:51:57,920 --> 00:52:01,325
The idea came to me
when I was riding my bicycle.
517
00:52:01,402 --> 00:52:03,483
I thought, how absurd.
518
00:52:03,559 --> 00:52:06,360
I am rolling
over the ground on wheels,
519
00:52:06,436 --> 00:52:09,563
which is much easier
than on foot.
520
00:52:09,639 --> 00:52:12,679
God has forgotten
to create the wheel,
521
00:52:12,756 --> 00:52:14,924
and He has also forgotten
to create animals
522
00:52:15,000 --> 00:52:18,357
that can use their bodies
as a wheel or hoop
523
00:52:18,443 --> 00:52:20,361
to move themselves forward.
524
00:52:20,438 --> 00:52:22,164
I am meeting this need
525
00:52:22,241 --> 00:52:24,840
with the design
of this Curl-up.
526
00:52:24,916 --> 00:52:27,362
Biological details
are not yet known.
527
00:52:27,439 --> 00:52:28,839
Nothing to be said
with certainty
528
00:52:28,915 --> 00:52:31,236
about its reproduction.
529
00:53:18,275 --> 00:53:20,558
Three surfaces of the Earth
530
00:53:20,634 --> 00:53:23,080
intersect at a right angle,
531
00:53:23,156 --> 00:53:25,362
and people live
on each of them.
532
00:53:25,439 --> 00:53:27,280
Two inhabitants
of different worlds
533
00:53:27,357 --> 00:53:29,438
cannot live on the same floor,
534
00:53:29,515 --> 00:53:31,682
as their notion of what is
horizontal and vertical
535
00:53:31,759 --> 00:53:32,919
is not the same.
536
00:53:33,034 --> 00:53:36,199
However, they can use
the same staircase,
537
00:53:36,276 --> 00:53:40,438
but with one person ascending
and the other descending.
538
00:53:40,514 --> 00:53:43,439
Contact between the two
is impossible,
539
00:53:43,516 --> 00:53:45,319
for they live
in different worlds,
540
00:53:45,396 --> 00:53:47,400
and therefore cannot have
any knowledge
541
00:53:47,477 --> 00:53:49,721
of each other's existence.
542
00:55:29,955 --> 00:55:32,315
Like a madman,
I have thrown myself
543
00:55:32,391 --> 00:55:35,594
into the printing
of old engravings again.
544
00:55:35,671 --> 00:55:39,114
That damn job simply
has to be done periodically.
545
00:55:39,191 --> 00:55:42,231
Half dazed by
continuous radio sounds,
546
00:55:42,307 --> 00:55:46,671
I'm plowing my way through
this pile of printing ink.
547
00:56:02,590 --> 00:56:06,273
I am smitten by Bach's music.
548
00:56:06,388 --> 00:56:08,354
A short motif
that repeats itself
549
00:56:08,431 --> 00:56:10,147
in various ways,
550
00:56:10,272 --> 00:56:12,391
identically
in a different key,
551
00:56:12,468 --> 00:56:14,587
back to front or upside down.
552
00:56:14,674 --> 00:56:17,589
They're almost
mathematical figures.
553
00:56:17,666 --> 00:56:20,149
It has a lot in common
with my motifs,
554
00:56:20,226 --> 00:56:23,113
which also repeat themselves
endlessly.
555
00:56:25,271 --> 00:56:27,754
In both, there is
a compelling rhythm,
556
00:56:27,869 --> 00:56:31,993
a cadence in search of
a certain endlessness.
557
00:56:35,829 --> 00:56:37,910
This feeling of kinship
is so strong
558
00:56:37,987 --> 00:56:40,950
that I often get inspired
when I'm listening to Bach.
559
00:56:41,027 --> 00:56:44,546
There is
an undeniable connection.
560
00:57:04,273 --> 00:57:07,265
I attended a performance
of the St. Matthew Passion
561
00:57:07,351 --> 00:57:09,509
in Naarden.
562
00:57:09,586 --> 00:57:11,830
My eyes wandered
past the walls,
563
00:57:11,907 --> 00:57:14,112
columns, arches, and vaults,
564
00:57:14,189 --> 00:57:17,546
of that high, wide,
immovable church.
565
00:57:33,829 --> 00:57:35,143
Immovable?
566
00:57:35,268 --> 00:57:37,589
Suddenly,
it became clear to me
567
00:57:37,665 --> 00:57:41,386
that this church
was far from immovable.
568
00:57:41,463 --> 00:57:45,184
My imagination, enlivened
by the constant stream
569
00:57:45,270 --> 00:57:48,627
of beautiful sounds
that came to us,
570
00:57:48,704 --> 00:57:52,386
saw the globe
with the Naarden church on it
571
00:57:52,463 --> 00:57:54,985
rotating in the universe.
572
00:57:55,062 --> 00:57:57,862
First, I saw
the old Naarden fort
573
00:57:57,948 --> 00:58:01,266
as a more than five-armed
starfish.
574
00:58:04,143 --> 00:58:06,349
Then I flew to the coast,
crossed the channel,
575
00:58:06,464 --> 00:58:08,229
and before long,
I found myself
576
00:58:08,306 --> 00:58:11,950
above the gray,
turbulent Atlantic Ocean.
577
00:58:20,629 --> 00:58:22,585
At the latitude of New York,
578
00:58:22,662 --> 00:58:25,069
I reached
the American mainland.
579
00:58:25,146 --> 00:58:28,262
Unfortunately so,
because it was gloomy, cold,
580
00:58:28,349 --> 00:58:30,784
and rough above the ocean.
581
00:58:36,423 --> 00:58:38,629
I cannot give
a clear description
582
00:58:38,744 --> 00:58:40,864
of the sight
of the United States,
583
00:58:40,940 --> 00:58:43,223
but I do know that it was
cheerful and bright there
584
00:58:43,299 --> 00:58:47,145
with lots of sun
on snowcapped mountains.
585
00:58:49,984 --> 00:58:51,307
Near San Francisco,
586
00:58:51,422 --> 00:58:54,222
I ended up
above the ocean again.
587
00:58:55,786 --> 00:58:58,221
I saw Honolulu from afar,
588
00:58:58,308 --> 00:59:00,379
then a whole lot
of cheerful water again
589
00:59:00,466 --> 00:59:02,901
and finally straight
across the dense,
590
00:59:02,988 --> 00:59:05,107
humid jungles of New Guinea,
591
00:59:05,184 --> 00:59:07,984
Celebes, and the Borneo Coast.
592
00:59:22,705 --> 00:59:26,263
How I came back again,
I do not know.
593
00:59:26,339 --> 00:59:28,545
The fact is that
I suddenly found myself
594
00:59:28,622 --> 00:59:31,499
sitting on my kitchen chair
595
00:59:31,585 --> 00:59:33,580
in the Naarden church again.
596
00:59:33,666 --> 00:59:36,821
Just when they were singing
at the top of their voices,
597
00:59:36,898 --> 00:59:40,101
we sit down in tears.
598
00:59:40,226 --> 00:59:41,818
Completely malapropos,
599
00:59:41,904 --> 00:59:45,903
as I felt surprisingly
cheerful and satisfied.
600
01:00:14,184 --> 01:00:18,020
Meanwhile, I have finished
a new lithograph.
601
01:00:18,097 --> 01:00:19,784
I believe I have never
made anything
602
01:00:19,861 --> 01:00:22,777
as strange as this one
in my life.
603
01:00:24,416 --> 01:00:27,456
Among other things,
it depicts a young man
604
01:00:27,543 --> 01:00:29,336
attentively looking at a print
605
01:00:29,422 --> 01:00:31,139
on the wall of an exhibition,
606
01:00:31,216 --> 01:00:34,016
which is a picture of himself.
607
01:00:34,102 --> 01:00:35,944
How can this be?
608
01:00:36,020 --> 01:00:38,341
Maybe I am not so far removed
609
01:00:38,418 --> 01:00:41,256
from Einstein's curved
universe.
610
01:01:15,934 --> 01:01:17,737
I've made an effort to explain
611
01:01:17,861 --> 01:01:20,614
the smaller and smaller print
to visitors,
612
01:01:20,700 --> 01:01:22,302
but it's becoming
increasingly clear
613
01:01:22,378 --> 01:01:23,855
that people are insensitive
614
01:01:23,942 --> 01:01:26,579
to the beauty
of this infinite world
615
01:01:26,694 --> 01:01:28,813
within a defined plane.
616
01:01:28,900 --> 01:01:30,137
Most people simply
don't understand
617
01:01:30,213 --> 01:01:31,700
what it's about.
618
01:01:31,777 --> 01:01:33,340
This is ever more sad to me,
619
01:01:33,416 --> 01:01:35,018
because I'm working
on the next version,
620
01:01:35,095 --> 01:01:37,857
which is meant
to far exceed the first.
621
01:01:37,933 --> 01:01:41,894
Although, in theory,
the infinitely small in size
622
01:01:41,980 --> 01:01:46,094
and infinitely large in number
is reached in the center,
623
01:01:46,219 --> 01:01:48,214
this work only
partially satisfies.
624
01:01:48,300 --> 01:01:50,937
It remains a fragment,
because outwards,
625
01:01:51,052 --> 01:01:53,814
the pattern is
arbitrarily limited.
626
01:01:53,901 --> 01:01:57,219
However, my great enthusiasm
for these kinds of depictions
627
01:01:57,296 --> 01:01:59,779
and my fixation
on my investigations
628
01:01:59,894 --> 01:02:05,054
might eventually lead me
to a satisfying discovery.
629
01:02:13,253 --> 01:02:14,577
I found an image
630
01:02:14,653 --> 01:02:17,013
by the Canadian
mathematician Coxeter
631
01:02:17,099 --> 01:02:19,055
that will probably help me.
632
01:02:19,132 --> 01:02:22,652
One way to bring infinity
to finite terms
633
01:02:22,738 --> 01:02:25,490
is by the transformation
called "inversion"
634
01:02:25,576 --> 01:02:28,971
so that it is on
the same diameter.
635
01:02:29,058 --> 01:02:30,976
But the hocus pocus
of his words
636
01:02:31,091 --> 01:02:32,414
are no good to me.
637
01:02:32,491 --> 01:02:34,179
No matter how much effort
it takes,
638
01:02:34,255 --> 01:02:36,058
it's all the more
fulfilling for me
639
01:02:36,135 --> 01:02:38,811
to solve such a problem myself
640
01:02:38,935 --> 01:02:41,534
in my own clumsy way.
641
01:02:45,974 --> 01:02:48,813
A circular,
regular tessellation
642
01:02:48,890 --> 01:02:53,013
logically bounded on all sides
by the infinitesimal
643
01:02:53,090 --> 01:02:56,217
is a thing of
miraculous beauty.
644
01:03:39,650 --> 01:03:42,814
This is the limit.
645
01:03:42,891 --> 01:03:45,567
The entire world is
contained in it.
646
01:03:45,653 --> 01:03:49,575
It is a successful attempt
at visualizing infinity,
647
01:03:49,652 --> 01:03:53,929
and it represents a milestone
in my development.
648
01:03:54,015 --> 01:03:56,768
Deeply saddening
and hangover inducing
649
01:03:56,854 --> 01:03:58,571
remains the fact
that I'm starting
650
01:03:58,647 --> 01:04:00,613
to speak a language
that is understood
651
01:04:00,690 --> 01:04:04,411
by very few people.
652
01:04:04,488 --> 01:04:07,010
This only increases
my loneliness.
653
01:04:07,087 --> 01:04:10,971
After all, I do not belong
anywhere anymore.
654
01:04:11,047 --> 01:04:14,212
I'm too stupid to live
as a scientist.
655
01:04:14,289 --> 01:04:16,207
I'm not an artist either.
656
01:04:16,293 --> 01:04:20,493
I hover between
mathematics and art.
657
01:04:27,091 --> 01:04:30,170
It's just pure creation.
658
01:04:30,285 --> 01:04:32,970
Shall we take a look at
some paradoxical architecture?
659
01:04:33,047 --> 01:04:34,610
You're gonna have to master
a few tricks
660
01:04:34,687 --> 01:04:36,969
if you're gonna build
three complete dream levels.
661
01:04:37,094 --> 01:04:38,734
Excuse me.
662
01:04:38,810 --> 01:04:40,450
What kind of tricks?
663
01:04:40,527 --> 01:04:42,090
In a dream, you can
cheat architecture
664
01:04:42,167 --> 01:04:43,730
into impossible shapes.
665
01:04:43,807 --> 01:04:46,089
That lets you create
closed loops,
666
01:04:46,166 --> 01:04:48,851
like the Penrose steps.
667
01:04:48,928 --> 01:04:51,249
The infinite staircase.
668
01:04:55,890 --> 01:04:58,844
I'm working on the design
of a new print
669
01:04:58,930 --> 01:05:01,529
with a staircase
that keeps ascending,
670
01:05:01,606 --> 01:05:03,725
or descending, if you will.
671
01:05:06,247 --> 01:05:08,933
It is a closed,
ring-shaped thing,
672
01:05:09,009 --> 01:05:11,531
and yet the perspective
is correct!
673
01:05:17,007 --> 01:05:19,568
There's a great number
of human figures walking on it
674
01:05:19,645 --> 01:05:21,524
in two directions.
675
01:05:21,611 --> 01:05:25,849
One line is arduously
climbing up to infinity
676
01:05:25,964 --> 01:05:29,810
while the other
endlessly descends.
677
01:05:31,450 --> 01:05:34,730
A sad, pessimistic subject,
this staircase,
678
01:05:34,806 --> 01:05:39,649
but very profound and absurd.
679
01:05:39,726 --> 01:05:43,044
People do not like
to talk about their descents,
680
01:05:43,131 --> 01:05:46,650
and all the more
about their climbs.
681
01:05:50,409 --> 01:05:52,203
Paradox.
682
01:05:59,683 --> 01:06:02,483
I've been officially invited
to give a lecture
683
01:06:02,569 --> 01:06:05,082
and exhibit my work
at a conference
684
01:06:05,168 --> 01:06:07,767
for crystallographers
in America.
685
01:06:07,882 --> 01:06:09,522
Fine kettle of fish,
686
01:06:09,609 --> 01:06:12,322
I don't know anything
about crystallography
687
01:06:12,409 --> 01:06:14,125
in a scientific sense,
688
01:06:14,202 --> 01:06:17,923
but apparently, they are
reveling in my fantasies.
689
01:06:18,009 --> 01:06:20,369
Well, I guess
I should go then.
690
01:06:25,566 --> 01:06:27,801
No better means of transport
691
01:06:27,887 --> 01:06:30,361
and no better lodging
than a cargo boat
692
01:06:30,448 --> 01:06:32,366
if you want some peace
and quiet.
693
01:06:34,360 --> 01:06:37,841
For weeks, no need to assume
any responsibilities,
694
01:06:37,928 --> 01:06:40,565
out of reach of the telephone
and letters,
695
01:06:40,642 --> 01:06:42,483
no longer having
to read the newspapers
696
01:06:42,560 --> 01:06:44,641
or hear the news reports.
697
01:06:44,727 --> 01:06:48,045
As a result,
you acquire a receptivity
698
01:06:48,122 --> 01:06:51,920
that allows you
to really wonder again.
699
01:06:55,199 --> 01:06:58,479
You feel disconnected,
not only from worries,
700
01:06:58,565 --> 01:07:03,284
but also from the firmness
of the Earth's crust.
701
01:07:03,360 --> 01:07:05,326
And then you start to observe
702
01:07:05,403 --> 01:07:09,287
that infinite variation
of waves and undulations
703
01:07:09,364 --> 01:07:10,879
and you see
the living creatures
704
01:07:10,965 --> 01:07:15,444
in and above the sea,
the fish and the birds,
705
01:07:15,521 --> 01:07:17,880
and you finally look
at the celestial,
706
01:07:17,966 --> 01:07:20,162
heavenly bodies again:
707
01:07:20,239 --> 01:07:24,967
the sun, the moon,
and the stars.
708
01:07:38,038 --> 01:07:40,522
In the sultry night,
you can lie
709
01:07:40,598 --> 01:07:43,360
stretched out on your back
on a tarpaulin,
710
01:07:43,437 --> 01:07:46,122
and if you bring a flashlight
and a star chart,
711
01:07:46,199 --> 01:07:48,405
you can easily commit
the eternal figures
712
01:07:48,520 --> 01:07:50,476
of the constellations to memory
713
01:07:50,562 --> 01:07:53,564
and call them by their names.
714
01:07:59,922 --> 01:08:01,476
And the moon.
715
01:08:01,562 --> 01:08:02,924
While she was
looking down on me
716
01:08:03,001 --> 01:08:05,321
like a big lamp
high above the sea,
717
01:08:05,398 --> 01:08:07,403
I was so amazed
at the distance
718
01:08:07,479 --> 01:08:10,721
between her and me.
719
01:08:16,638 --> 01:08:18,278
Breathless with wonder,
720
01:08:18,364 --> 01:08:20,761
I was subjected to her silence,
721
01:08:20,838 --> 01:08:22,718
her apparent immobility,
722
01:08:22,804 --> 01:08:25,719
her motionless balance
in space.
723
01:08:30,562 --> 01:08:32,557
She became a symbol to me,
724
01:08:32,643 --> 01:08:35,683
or rather a demonstration
of gravity,
725
01:08:35,760 --> 01:08:37,601
which is not a boring concept,
726
01:08:37,678 --> 01:08:42,042
but a living, gripping
incomprehensibility.
727
01:10:29,872 --> 01:10:32,231
At home,
I am working feverishly,
728
01:10:32,317 --> 01:10:34,197
but I'm constantly disturbed
729
01:10:34,273 --> 01:10:36,594
by the many foreigners
at our door
730
01:10:36,671 --> 01:10:39,510
and the growing amount
of correspondence.
731
01:10:43,911 --> 01:10:48,553
Mr. Mick Jagger
asking me to design a picture
732
01:10:48,630 --> 01:10:52,514
or to place at his disposal
unpublished work
733
01:10:52,590 --> 01:10:54,710
to reproduce
on the cover sleeve
734
01:10:54,796 --> 01:10:57,030
for an LP record.
735
01:10:58,594 --> 01:11:02,315
My answer to both questions
must be no,
736
01:11:02,391 --> 01:11:05,268
because I want to devote
all my time and attention
737
01:11:05,355 --> 01:11:07,829
to the many commitments I made.
738
01:11:09,670 --> 01:11:14,110
By the way,
please tell Mr. Jagger
739
01:11:14,197 --> 01:11:16,795
I am not Maurits to him,
740
01:11:16,872 --> 01:11:20,114
but very sincerely,
741
01:11:20,190 --> 01:11:22,473
M.C. Escher.
742
01:11:36,791 --> 01:11:39,035
These orgies of color
743
01:11:39,111 --> 01:11:41,873
were clandestinely printed
in California.
744
01:11:41,950 --> 01:11:44,194
I got hold of
the horrendous results
745
01:11:44,271 --> 01:11:47,186
through the mediation
of a friendly customer.
746
01:11:47,272 --> 01:11:49,507
The bright colors
are entirely at the expense
747
01:11:49,593 --> 01:11:52,672
of the publisher,
who is undoubtedly speculating
748
01:11:52,748 --> 01:11:55,232
on the taste of today's youth.
749
01:12:01,274 --> 01:12:03,547
They were printed
with fluorescent ink
750
01:12:03,633 --> 01:12:07,153
and will really come to life
in ultraviolet light.
751
01:12:07,268 --> 01:12:09,071
I only know this from hearsay,
752
01:12:09,147 --> 01:12:11,315
because I have
never verified it.
753
01:12:24,271 --> 01:12:28,673
Palm from 1933
never had a lot of success,
754
01:12:28,788 --> 01:12:32,106
but was recently elevated
to the dignity of a poster
755
01:12:32,192 --> 01:12:35,865
in colors so shrill
they hurt your eyes.
756
01:12:39,106 --> 01:12:42,511
What on Earth does
this young generation see
757
01:12:42,588 --> 01:12:43,873
in my work?
758
01:12:43,949 --> 01:12:45,225
Doesn't it lack
all the qualities
759
01:12:45,350 --> 01:12:47,469
that are hip these days?
760
01:12:47,546 --> 01:12:50,029
It is cerebral
and rationalized
761
01:12:50,106 --> 01:12:52,264
instead of wild and sexy.
762
01:12:52,350 --> 01:12:54,028
And how can they reconcile it
763
01:12:54,144 --> 01:12:56,752
with their addiction
to narcotics?
764
01:13:01,864 --> 01:13:04,625
But why not let
those Californian students
765
01:13:04,712 --> 01:13:09,027
and hippies buy a color poster
for a small amount of money?
766
01:13:09,104 --> 01:13:11,588
My prints are not only
much too expensive,
767
01:13:11,703 --> 01:13:13,707
they are also
too sober in tone
768
01:13:13,784 --> 01:13:16,028
for the taste of
many modern youths,
769
01:13:16,105 --> 01:13:17,351
who are usually as fond
770
01:13:17,428 --> 01:13:19,663
of the screaming colors
on their walls
771
01:13:19,749 --> 01:13:21,590
as they are of the screaming
772
01:13:21,667 --> 01:13:24,227
coming out of
their record players.
773
01:13:26,107 --> 01:13:28,907
Sunset in your eyes.
774
01:13:28,984 --> 01:13:32,983
Traveling the train
through clear Moroccan skies.
775
01:13:33,069 --> 01:13:35,265
Ducks and pigs
and chickens call,
776
01:13:35,342 --> 01:13:37,625
animal carpet wall to wall.
777
01:13:37,711 --> 01:13:41,029
American ladies
five-foot tall in blue.
778
01:13:43,225 --> 01:13:47,061
Sweeping cobwebs
from the edges of my mind.
779
01:13:47,147 --> 01:13:49,986
I've always tried to be
an observant person.
780
01:13:50,063 --> 01:13:53,870
I've always tried
to remain open all around.
781
01:13:53,947 --> 01:13:58,588
I... I'm constantly
seeing things, you know?
782
01:13:58,665 --> 01:14:02,146
But Escher's work
made me see differently.
783
01:14:02,223 --> 01:14:04,467
One of the things
about Escher's work
784
01:14:04,544 --> 01:14:10,029
is that it bears studying.
785
01:14:10,106 --> 01:14:13,741
You know, you have an overall
appreciation of the piece,
786
01:14:13,827 --> 01:14:15,745
but when you get
deep into the piece
787
01:14:15,822 --> 01:14:17,989
and see what's going on,
788
01:14:18,066 --> 01:14:20,348
it becomes even more miraculous.
789
01:14:20,425 --> 01:14:22,669
So Escher taught me
to see differently,
790
01:14:22,746 --> 01:14:24,261
and I'm very thankful for that.
791
01:14:27,982 --> 01:14:29,382
I think one of the last pieces
792
01:14:29,468 --> 01:14:33,544
I ever saw of Escher's
was Snakes.
793
01:14:33,621 --> 01:14:34,819
I think that may have been
794
01:14:34,906 --> 01:14:37,581
one of the last pieces
that he did.
795
01:14:37,706 --> 01:14:40,583
And he was not a young man
when he finished that,
796
01:14:40,660 --> 01:14:43,259
and that is stunning.
797
01:14:43,345 --> 01:14:45,541
I am handicapped by my health.
798
01:14:45,627 --> 01:14:48,140
It takes a lot of time
every day.
799
01:14:48,226 --> 01:14:51,468
In the meantime,
I try to reprint wood cuts.
800
01:14:51,544 --> 01:14:53,587
I do not feel free enough
from worry
801
01:14:53,664 --> 01:14:56,023
to start working on new ideas,
802
01:14:56,100 --> 01:14:58,900
and I'm content
with that old mรฉtier.
803
01:14:58,986 --> 01:15:01,499
It calms the soul.
804
01:15:05,747 --> 01:15:09,986
Doing this work gives me
the sad feeling of getting old,
805
01:15:10,063 --> 01:15:11,942
because who would
spend his time chewing
806
01:15:12,019 --> 01:15:15,941
and mulling over things
he made years and years ago?
807
01:15:17,418 --> 01:15:19,701
It is not a creative activity,
808
01:15:19,777 --> 01:15:23,786
but really a process
of going over old ground.
809
01:15:32,781 --> 01:15:34,939
A prerequisite
for a good print,
810
01:15:35,025 --> 01:15:38,104
and by "good" I mean
a print that resonates
811
01:15:38,219 --> 01:15:40,300
with a relatively
large audience
812
01:15:40,377 --> 01:15:42,899
is that no hocus pocus
is practiced
813
01:15:42,985 --> 01:15:44,778
without a very sound
814
01:15:44,865 --> 01:15:48,336
and effortless connection
with reality.
815
01:15:48,423 --> 01:15:52,738
What I can say is that
no print ever succeeds.
816
01:15:52,863 --> 01:15:55,097
They all fail,
817
01:15:55,184 --> 01:15:57,936
simply because I always
pursue a vision
818
01:15:58,022 --> 01:16:00,899
that cannot be realized.
819
01:16:06,059 --> 01:16:08,696
My prints, none of which
were ever made
820
01:16:08,782 --> 01:16:12,503
with the primary aim of
making something beautiful,
821
01:16:12,580 --> 01:16:16,656
simply cause me headaches.
822
01:16:16,742 --> 01:16:20,261
That is the reason why
I never feel fully at home
823
01:16:20,338 --> 01:16:22,784
amongst my colleagues.
824
01:16:22,860 --> 01:16:27,022
They pursue beauty
first and foremost.
825
01:16:27,099 --> 01:16:31,338
Perhaps I only pursue wonder.
826
01:16:38,540 --> 01:16:42,817
I really believe
that the high-end art world
827
01:16:42,894 --> 01:16:45,742
is going to rediscover Escher,
828
01:16:45,819 --> 01:16:48,696
and I think that his artwork
is going to be appreciated
829
01:16:48,782 --> 01:16:51,017
for what it really is:
830
01:16:51,093 --> 01:16:52,820
stunning work.
831
01:16:52,896 --> 01:16:55,179
And I think
the rest of the world
832
01:16:55,255 --> 01:16:58,334
is going to have to catch up
to Escher's work.
833
01:16:58,420 --> 01:17:03,896
I think it will transcend
into the future brilliantly.
834
01:17:03,973 --> 01:17:06,293
The crazier this place gets,
835
01:17:06,380 --> 01:17:09,017
the noisier this place gets,
836
01:17:09,094 --> 01:17:13,141
the more his work is
really interesting.
837
01:17:13,217 --> 01:17:14,972
He's gonna be
much more appreciated
838
01:17:15,059 --> 01:17:17,341
in the coming years.
839
01:17:17,418 --> 01:17:18,895
I really feel it.
69377
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