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WWW.MY-SUBS.CO
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It's zero, right?
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- Yeah.
- And you get that eight.
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So you get one more turn.
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You can either take that four or that one,
and then we're going to count.
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- So my... I have no hope of winning.
- Um...
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Let's see...
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What was a...
what’s a perfect card for you?
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No, you have no hope of winning.
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Oh, you’re doing really well.
Look at that.
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Pounce.
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What?!
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I get that. War.
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See I’m bet... This is a game I...
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- I'm qualified to play.
- Wow.
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Oh, you killed yourself.
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Look at that! Big jack is down.
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All right.
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- What the hell?
- That's bad luck.
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Who set these cards up?
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Fuck.
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Jesus, Bill.
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Is this your method, you beat people
and say it's luck?
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No, any particular game
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is very, very luck-driven.
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In that sense,
cards are like life.
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Oh my God, this is big.
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- Oh!
- Oh my God!
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- Double war.
- Double war.
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- You killed... Oh, Triple War!
- Triple War!
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Oh, I beat you.
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Again!
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That was lucky.
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You're lucky in life
and you're lucky in War.
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- And love, too.
- And love.
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Hello, I'm Bill Gates.
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In this video,
you're going to see the future.
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Mr. Bill Gates.
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Forbes Magazine calls Gates
America's richest person.
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Six point three billion dollars.
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- Worth 40 billion dollars.- One hundred billion dollars.
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Bill Gates is one of the most
remarkable people...
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- Arrogant, greedy.
- ...I've ever met.
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- Predatory, capitalistic brainiac.- A devil.
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Impatient optimist.
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- Your brain is a CPU?
- Yes.
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He thrives on complexity.
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He's the smartest person
I've ever met.
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He did drop out of college.
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You guys never understood
the first thing about this.
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Greatest American businessman
of his generation.
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He was changing the world
with software.
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Is Bill Gates stifling
technological innovation?
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They’re supposed to be jealous,
supposed to be agitated.
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Bill wants people to think that
he's Edison
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- and he's really Rockefeller.
- I'm done.
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If he were Edison,
he'd be less dangerous.
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Can I just ask you
one more question?
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Will the real Bill Gates...
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- Damn, Bill.
- ...please stand up?
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Assess Bill Gates.
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Successes.
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- Setbacks.
- You're trying to personalize it.
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- I am.
- You know, Melinda and I...
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But this is about you. So, like...
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...let's put up front
that there are plenty of other people
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who are involved in the success
and the failure.
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- Can we talk about...
- Yeah, including Melinda.
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Of course, and she’s
challenging your assumptions a lot.
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- Yeah.
- She doesn't just go along with the plan.
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Sure, no, if I’m super excited
about something,
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she’ll double-check that.
If I’m like, "Hey,
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this is such a huge setback,"
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she's like, "Okay, well,
can’t we salvage this?
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Can’t we, you know, improve it this way?"
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I've always had somebody
who's, you know, a key person,
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who cares as deeply as I do,
but brings a different skill mix.
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Uh, in the case of Melinda,
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it's a, you know, truly equal partner.
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She's a lot like me
in that she's optimistic,
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and she is interested in science.
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She's better with people than I am.
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She's a tiny bit less hardcore about
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you know, knowing immunology than I am.
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We have a lot of humor
in our relationship
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and we can joke about things.
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I’ll sometimes rib a little bit,
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"Are you sure you know that?
What makes you think that?"
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- And...
- Sometimes he's wrong.
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Absolutely! You bet he's wrong!
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Does she call you on your shit?
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A lot of it, sure.
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Not all of it?
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Well... I hope she hasn’t...
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doesn’t know all of it...
No, I’m just kidding. Uh...
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You could use these pieces
to finish this.
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You're right.
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Talk about meeting Bill.
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How did that happen?
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Okay, meeting Bill.
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I’d only been working at the company
a very short time.
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I come to this trade show dinner
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that's just Microsoft people
in the hotel.
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I come in late because I'm coming
across town from different meetings
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and there are two chairs open.
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And so I sit down
in the second to last chair.
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Bill comes in from wherever he was
and sits down in the last chair.
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He was funny and very high energy
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and, at the end of the evening,
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he said, "A bunch of us
are going out dancing.
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Why don't you come tonight?"
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And I said, "Well, I actually have plans
later tonight."
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Months later, we happened to be parked
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near each other.
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As I was coming out of the building,
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Bill was coming out to get in his car,
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so we stopped in the parking lot
and struck up a conversation
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for a little while.
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Bill said to me,
"Would you go out with me
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two weeks from Friday night?"
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And I was like,
"Two weeks from Friday night?"
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I said,
"That’s not spontaneous enough for me.
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Call me two days before or something."
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And he called me at home at my apartment
about an hour later
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and said,
"Is this spontaneous enough for you?"
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I thought I'd go out with him once,
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maybe twice,
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but he really surprised me.
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On the very first date,
he let his guard down.
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We just... We talked for hours
and hours and hours.
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I could tell that,
while everybody else saw this shell
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and to some extent there had to be a shell
when you’re building Microsoft,
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and the press that came around that early.
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Inside of there was this very tender,
warmhearted person.
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And a very curious person.
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How do you choose what to read?
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There's a few topics,
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if it’s about health areas,
energy, climate change.
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Um, you know, quite a few that,
if there’s a good book,
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I’m gonna make sure to read it.
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In the area of energy,
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Vaclav Smil has written
every one of these books.
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Earth's Biosphere,
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Energy Myths and Realities,
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Energy Transitions.
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A couple got kind of obscure.
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This one is about
the Japanese dietary transition.
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I might not even have finished it
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unless I had kind of a commitment
to read everything he’d written.
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This...
He went too far on this one.
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The natural audience size
might be less than one on this one.
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He spent his whole life
building a framework of energy
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by studying every little topic.
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How many people in the world
have read all of your books?
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I don't think anybody.
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He came... He comes closest, uh, yeah.
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He likes to be informed
and to understand complexities.
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And I like to write
and to understand the complex world.
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And most people don't want to bother.
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Most people want only one paragraph.
One sentence. A tweet, really, right?
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My books are 300, 400, 500 pages long.
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I go into depths,
I go into historical depths.
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I explain why things became.
How they became.
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The latest
is Energy and Civilization.
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This is one where I’ve studied
what he sayspretty closely
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and I take a lot of notes.
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Why does the US use about twice
as much per person as Europe does?
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Each person uses different kinds
of energy: heating,
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materials, food.
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Car engines, ship engines...
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...jet engines, diet, fertilizer.
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Energy is this miracle
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and that's core to the modern lifestyle.
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So what's the problem?
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The primary generation sources,
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which are, uh, coal, natural gas,
and liquid gasoline,
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when you burn them,
they are releasing CO2 in the air,
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and that clearly is causing heating.
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And that heating
is changing the world
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before our eyes.
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Should I be worried
about climate change?
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Absolutely.
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- Why?
- Absolutely. Uh...
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Well, because it's the only planet
we have, you know.
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You have to be a delusional Elon Musk
to think that we can terraform Mars
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and leave this planet.
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We will never leave this planet.
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As simple as that.
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So, just conserving
a little bit isn't enough.
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It's good because it...
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You know, you certainly,
before you get all the way there,
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you have to get partway there, but...
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no one says that that's a solution
for climate change.
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You're saying the solution
is a combo of things.
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Of innovating across all
the sectors of emissions. Yes.
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We usually blame cars and coal
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00:09:00,665 --> 00:09:02,959
for climate change, and it’s true.
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They are pumping a lot of CO2
into the atmosphere.
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00:09:06,045 --> 00:09:07,547
But we generate greenhouse gases
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in other surprising ways.
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00:09:09,799 --> 00:09:12,552
Along with electricity and transportation,
201
00:09:12,927 --> 00:09:14,470
there's also manufacturing,
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buildings,
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and agriculture.
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00:09:17,974 --> 00:09:20,393
Reducing emissions
from these pipes will help,
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00:09:20,851 --> 00:09:22,019
but it won't be enough.
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00:09:23,062 --> 00:09:25,022
Technologies like solar and wind
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won't single-handedly shut off any pipes.
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00:09:27,900 --> 00:09:29,277
Since they’re intermittent,
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we have to store everything
that's generated.
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But we can’t build enough batteries
to store power
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for the entire world.
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When Tokyo has a cyclone
for four days,
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00:09:39,078 --> 00:09:42,290
so wind has to shut off, no sun,
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where is the energy coming from?
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00:09:45,334 --> 00:09:49,297
Just that energy for those four days
is more than all the batteries we make.
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00:09:49,380 --> 00:09:50,756
According to NASA,
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00:09:51,173 --> 00:09:53,926
the CO2 that’s being piped into the air
right now
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can linger in the atmosphere
for hundreds of years.
219
00:09:59,140 --> 00:10:01,851
So we need a miracle.
We need a magic bullet.
220
00:10:01,934 --> 00:10:06,981
Well, we need innovation
across a lot of different areas.
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00:10:08,733 --> 00:10:09,733
Thanks.
222
00:10:11,027 --> 00:10:12,987
- Hi.
- Hi, welcome!
223
00:10:13,446 --> 00:10:14,697
- Hi.
- Morning.
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00:10:15,114 --> 00:10:16,157
- Hi.
- Hi.
225
00:10:16,365 --> 00:10:17,199
I'm Bill.
226
00:10:17,283 --> 00:10:18,367
Hi, I'm Bill.
227
00:10:18,701 --> 00:10:21,912
Today we’re super excited to show you
how 3-D printing
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00:10:22,038 --> 00:10:26,167
can dramatically improve
the energy efficiency of manufacturing.
229
00:10:29,045 --> 00:10:32,506
Bill convinced a group
of investors to find and accelerate
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00:10:32,590 --> 00:10:35,259
new technologies that can become
231
00:10:35,343 --> 00:10:36,552
one of those miracles.
232
00:10:38,304 --> 00:10:40,598
Bill said we need a thousand crazy ideas.
233
00:10:40,681 --> 00:10:43,517
And he said,
"I plan on funding a lot of them."
234
00:10:43,601 --> 00:10:46,062
So what we wanted to do
was show how a material like this
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will just spontaneously grab CO2.
236
00:10:48,773 --> 00:10:49,774
This start-up
237
00:10:50,066 --> 00:10:53,444
is developing porous material
that could remove carbon from the air,
238
00:10:54,070 --> 00:10:56,113
soaking up CO2 like a sponge.
239
00:10:56,822 --> 00:11:00,117
This team is converting CO2
into chemicals,
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00:11:00,493 --> 00:11:03,496
to make recyclable plastics
and other products.
241
00:11:04,622 --> 00:11:07,708
Using highly efficient 3- D printing,
these scientists
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00:11:08,167 --> 00:11:10,920
are creating materials
that produce far less carbon dioxide.
243
00:11:12,505 --> 00:11:15,758
This group is building
a longer-range cheaper battery
244
00:11:16,008 --> 00:11:17,343
for electric vehicles.
245
00:11:17,593 --> 00:11:19,887
But then could you use a spectroscope
246
00:11:19,970 --> 00:11:21,722
and look at what element it is, or...
247
00:11:21,806 --> 00:11:22,640
Correct.
248
00:11:22,723 --> 00:11:25,685
And so what delta T allows you
249
00:11:26,060 --> 00:11:27,770
to make economic sense?
250
00:11:27,853 --> 00:11:29,647
Is that because of the photons
251
00:11:29,730 --> 00:11:31,023
or because of the heat?
252
00:11:31,107 --> 00:11:33,868
I’m telling the story for Microsoft,
but the same thing is true today.
253
00:11:34,026 --> 00:11:36,696
He would ask questions
that would frequently come from
254
00:11:36,904 --> 00:11:39,115
such a different point of view
255
00:11:39,407 --> 00:11:41,867
than the people had thought of,
256
00:11:42,326 --> 00:11:43,703
that they would get flummoxed.
257
00:11:43,786 --> 00:11:45,955
Do you qualify for PTSITS
258
00:11:46,038 --> 00:11:48,040
or do we need to change the policy?
259
00:11:48,624 --> 00:11:49,959
He has such a good memory
260
00:11:50,126 --> 00:11:55,005
and he has such an incredible capacity
for cramming information in his head,
261
00:11:55,297 --> 00:11:57,883
if something doesn't line up,
he will challenge you.
262
00:11:58,384 --> 00:12:01,137
Stuff like this
is not biodegradable, right?
263
00:12:01,387 --> 00:12:02,722
Yes, this one is not.
264
00:12:02,805 --> 00:12:04,765
Then you can start talking
about solutions.
265
00:12:04,849 --> 00:12:07,601
But there’s two... there’s two ways
you can become intermittent.
266
00:12:07,727 --> 00:12:10,688
One is that you can have
just a big tank of hot water.
267
00:12:10,771 --> 00:12:13,274
You may need to create
some general software
268
00:12:13,357 --> 00:12:15,609
that they can play around with
because what...
269
00:12:15,818 --> 00:12:18,362
what they’re trying to see
would vary a lot.
270
00:12:18,446 --> 00:12:22,116
So I’ve been looking and you might be
one of the first applications
271
00:12:22,199 --> 00:12:24,744
that fits that... that niche.
272
00:12:24,827 --> 00:12:26,867
What are the odds
that one is successful?
273
00:12:26,912 --> 00:12:28,706
Oh, pretty good. Uh...
274
00:12:29,206 --> 00:12:30,916
You know, 40%.
275
00:12:31,167 --> 00:12:32,334
- Forty percent?
- Yeah.
276
00:12:33,961 --> 00:12:38,799
It's pretty important
that we start deploying a clean solution
277
00:12:39,049 --> 00:12:42,094
and that we deploy it unnaturally fast.
278
00:12:42,678 --> 00:12:44,388
It usually takes 50 years
279
00:12:44,472 --> 00:12:46,807
before something becomes feasible.
280
00:12:48,142 --> 00:12:50,853
But the warming planet
can't wait 50 years.
281
00:12:51,353 --> 00:12:52,980
So Bill went looking for options
282
00:12:53,564 --> 00:12:54,565
that could work now.
283
00:12:55,649 --> 00:12:59,361
He began to consider something
that many believed was too difficult
284
00:13:00,112 --> 00:13:01,989
and far too risky.
285
00:13:02,072 --> 00:13:03,449
Who taught you to play?
286
00:13:03,783 --> 00:13:05,117
Mostly my grandmother.
287
00:13:05,451 --> 00:13:06,911
She was the best card player.
288
00:13:07,119 --> 00:13:09,497
It took me a while before I noticed
that she won
289
00:13:09,580 --> 00:13:11,207
such a high percentage of the time.
290
00:13:11,290 --> 00:13:14,585
Then I realized she understands
the patterns in the cards
291
00:13:14,668 --> 00:13:16,462
and what's gone by.
292
00:13:16,545 --> 00:13:17,838
I learned that...
293
00:13:18,088 --> 00:13:20,925
mental intensity actually paid off,
294
00:13:21,008 --> 00:13:23,969
if it structured
what you needed to look for.
295
00:13:25,596 --> 00:13:27,276
I'm still confused
by this game.
296
00:13:27,348 --> 00:13:29,225
Well, I’ll let you put the five here.
297
00:13:29,308 --> 00:13:31,161
Say you would have picked...
put the five there.
298
00:13:31,185 --> 00:13:33,145
- Let's do that. Uh...
- You're being nice.
299
00:13:33,229 --> 00:13:34,814
You've mellowed.
300
00:13:35,314 --> 00:13:37,399
I have mellowed. Thank God.
301
00:13:41,028 --> 00:13:42,488
By the mid-1980's,
302
00:13:42,738 --> 00:13:45,825
Microsoft was massively successful.
303
00:13:45,908 --> 00:13:47,993
Working with his old friend Steve Ballmer,
304
00:13:48,244 --> 00:13:51,038
Bill had grown the company
beyond all expectations.
305
00:13:51,705 --> 00:13:54,959
As Paul was so critical to the early days,
306
00:13:55,251 --> 00:13:59,672
Steve was absolutely critical
to making it a big company.
307
00:14:00,381 --> 00:14:01,924
We're deep partners,
308
00:14:02,258 --> 00:14:03,634
pushing each other.
309
00:14:04,468 --> 00:14:07,471
We were both, day and night,
thinking about the company.
310
00:14:09,223 --> 00:14:12,452
So you're working long hours,
Microsoft is taking all of your attention.
311
00:14:12,476 --> 00:14:13,756
How does that work with Melinda?
312
00:14:14,228 --> 00:14:15,646
Well, when we first met,
313
00:14:16,146 --> 00:14:19,441
she had other boyfriends
and I had Microsoft.
314
00:14:19,775 --> 00:14:22,486
We were like, "We’re not really serious
about each other, are we?
315
00:14:22,611 --> 00:14:24,864
We're not going
to demand each other's time."
316
00:14:24,947 --> 00:14:27,658
I was new to Microsoft.
There were a lot of men there.
317
00:14:27,741 --> 00:14:29,159
Um...
318
00:14:29,326 --> 00:14:30,911
And, you know, you...
319
00:14:31,537 --> 00:14:34,290
You're still looking around, you know,
you're still figuring it out.
320
00:14:34,373 --> 00:14:36,458
But after about a year of that,
321
00:14:37,626 --> 00:14:39,795
you know, sort of to our surprise,
322
00:14:40,296 --> 00:14:41,672
certainly my surprise,
323
00:14:42,047 --> 00:14:44,967
uh, you know, we said, "Hey, I love you."
324
00:14:45,050 --> 00:14:47,219
And she said she loved me
and then it was like, "Wow."
325
00:14:47,303 --> 00:14:49,423
And now what is going to happen?
326
00:14:49,513 --> 00:14:51,307
Bill wanted to be married,
327
00:14:51,390 --> 00:14:54,727
but he didn't know
whether he could actually commit to it
328
00:14:55,060 --> 00:14:56,395
and have Microsoft.
329
00:14:56,478 --> 00:14:58,814
You know, we cared a lot
for each other
330
00:14:59,231 --> 00:15:00,941
and there were only two possibilities:
331
00:15:01,025 --> 00:15:03,585
either we were going to break up
or we were going to get married.
332
00:15:03,903 --> 00:15:05,463
If it wasn't gonna work with him,
333
00:15:05,487 --> 00:15:07,489
I would have moved on,
I knew I would move on.
334
00:15:07,740 --> 00:15:09,116
He had to make a decision.
335
00:15:09,241 --> 00:15:12,494
One day, I walked into his bedroom
and his whiteboard had the pros
336
00:15:12,578 --> 00:15:14,663
and the cons of getting married.
337
00:15:19,501 --> 00:15:22,671
I took the idea of marriage
very seriously.
338
00:15:25,674 --> 00:15:27,885
Bill Sr. and Mary
did everything together.
339
00:15:27,968 --> 00:15:29,136
Everything.
340
00:15:30,930 --> 00:15:33,307
The way they thought
about their lives as a couple,
341
00:15:33,390 --> 00:15:34,892
even when they went through the phase
342
00:15:34,975 --> 00:15:37,394
where they were going to slow down
just a little bit.
343
00:15:38,228 --> 00:15:40,230
How would they balance her board work
344
00:15:40,481 --> 00:15:43,233
and his desire
to spend a little bit more time
345
00:15:43,317 --> 00:15:44,568
not at the office?
346
00:15:45,945 --> 00:15:47,321
They also played together.
347
00:15:47,863 --> 00:15:51,784
Before dinner every night at the canal,
they would go swimming together.
348
00:15:52,201 --> 00:15:54,411
His parents were both very engaged
349
00:15:54,495 --> 00:15:55,704
in the Seattle community,
350
00:15:55,788 --> 00:15:57,539
they were both serving on boards.
351
00:15:57,790 --> 00:16:01,961
They had this sense of giving back
and a sense of equality.
352
00:16:04,421 --> 00:16:06,423
So that commitment,
353
00:16:06,674 --> 00:16:09,677
I really hesitated to make.
354
00:16:12,888 --> 00:16:14,473
...and you may kiss your bride.
355
00:16:18,769 --> 00:16:21,331
Bill Gates wants his software
356
00:16:21,355 --> 00:16:22,523
to be part of your life.
357
00:16:23,107 --> 00:16:25,067
Bill Gates is on his way
358
00:16:25,150 --> 00:16:26,777
into millions of American homes,
359
00:16:26,902 --> 00:16:28,380
through the Windows.
360
00:16:28,404 --> 00:16:31,115
Microsoft should sell
tens of millions of copies
361
00:16:31,198 --> 00:16:32,408
before the end of the year.
362
00:16:32,491 --> 00:16:33,491
It was electric.
363
00:16:33,534 --> 00:16:35,828
I mean, we knew
we were changing the world. We were.
364
00:16:35,911 --> 00:16:38,348
Every time we put out a product,
it changed things for people.
365
00:16:38,372 --> 00:16:39,999
The most hyped
366
00:16:40,082 --> 00:16:41,959
computer product ever hit the market
367
00:16:42,334 --> 00:16:43,934
at the stroke of midnight.
368
00:16:45,045 --> 00:16:47,172
There's a lot of single product
companies,
369
00:16:47,548 --> 00:16:49,967
but we'd become
the first multi-product company.
370
00:16:50,134 --> 00:16:54,555
Bill Gates is about 200 million
dollars richer this morning.
371
00:16:54,638 --> 00:16:57,016
Microsoft hit a new record high
on Wall Street...
372
00:16:57,099 --> 00:16:59,643
It was very high energy,
373
00:16:59,727 --> 00:17:01,103
very fast paced.
374
00:17:01,186 --> 00:17:04,189
Ladies and gentlemen,
Steve Ballmer!
375
00:17:05,232 --> 00:17:07,860
Please welcome Bill Gates
and the Bill Gates dancers!
376
00:17:07,943 --> 00:17:09,903
Number one for the second year
in a row
377
00:17:09,987 --> 00:17:13,157
on Forbes’ list
of 400 richest Americans.
378
00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:15,451
Microsoft has unrivaled
marketing clout
379
00:17:15,534 --> 00:17:17,036
with 80% of the market.
380
00:17:17,119 --> 00:17:19,121
Competing with Bill Gates
381
00:17:19,204 --> 00:17:20,414
is like a knife fight.
382
00:17:21,290 --> 00:17:22,791
Buy ‘em out, boys.
383
00:17:22,875 --> 00:17:28,505
Forbes puts Gates’ net worth
at about 14.8 billion dollars.
384
00:17:28,589 --> 00:17:29,869
His net worth doubled
385
00:17:29,923 --> 00:17:32,885
to 36.4 billion dollars
over the past year.
386
00:17:33,010 --> 00:17:36,180
He was the golden boy,
Microsoft was the golden company.
387
00:17:36,680 --> 00:17:39,725
He was already famous when I met him.
388
00:17:39,808 --> 00:17:42,895
But then, this sort of persona
389
00:17:42,978 --> 00:17:45,898
was growing and building
astronomically during that time.
390
00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:47,959
I love you, girlie!
391
00:17:47,983 --> 00:17:50,611
That dichotomy was really hard for me.
392
00:17:50,861 --> 00:17:52,404
I'm a very private person
393
00:17:52,696 --> 00:17:54,907
and I was like,
"Whoa, I do not want that."
394
00:18:01,455 --> 00:18:04,166
So you start seriously
considering nuclear energy,
395
00:18:04,249 --> 00:18:05,834
something wildly unpopular.
396
00:18:06,627 --> 00:18:07,627
Why?
397
00:18:07,878 --> 00:18:09,630
It's the kind of innovation that...
398
00:18:10,005 --> 00:18:14,718
you know, might not get done
unless I came in and helped.
399
00:18:15,219 --> 00:18:18,013
You know, it's hundreds
of millions of dollars, uh,
400
00:18:18,097 --> 00:18:20,474
requires assembling a team of scientists.
401
00:18:20,599 --> 00:18:21,600
I wouldn't be doing it
402
00:18:21,683 --> 00:18:23,894
- if it wasn't for climate change.
- Right, right.
403
00:18:23,977 --> 00:18:26,772
You know, there's many,
many challenges, including
404
00:18:26,980 --> 00:18:30,317
the economics,
the public perception, uh...
405
00:18:30,692 --> 00:18:32,778
Uh, so, yeah, that's not an easy one.
406
00:18:42,246 --> 00:18:45,916
The bomb forever seared
the word "nuclear" in our minds
407
00:18:46,041 --> 00:18:48,127
as a force that's destructive.
408
00:18:48,836 --> 00:18:49,920
And deadly.
409
00:18:52,756 --> 00:18:56,385
But what if the thing that terrifies us
could actually save us?
410
00:18:58,470 --> 00:19:00,347
When a neutron is shot into an atom,
411
00:19:00,639 --> 00:19:02,307
it creates a chain reaction
412
00:19:02,641 --> 00:19:04,143
and a massive amount of heat.
413
00:19:04,852 --> 00:19:06,395
That heat can generate steam.
414
00:19:07,020 --> 00:19:09,523
that powers a turbine
and makes electricity.
415
00:19:09,982 --> 00:19:11,984
All without emitting any CO2.
416
00:19:13,193 --> 00:19:15,112
Nuclear is very seductive.
417
00:19:15,195 --> 00:19:17,573
But when you have this fission reaction,
418
00:19:17,990 --> 00:19:20,159
you get radioactive materials.
419
00:19:20,284 --> 00:19:22,870
So the hard part of nuclear
is to make sure
420
00:19:22,995 --> 00:19:24,413
that, no matter what,
421
00:19:24,913 --> 00:19:27,749
those nuclear materials
are not getting out.
422
00:19:29,084 --> 00:19:30,854
Hi, is this Militarized Fire Station #2?
423
00:19:30,878 --> 00:19:31,712
Yes.
424
00:19:31,795 --> 00:19:33,398
What is burning there on your site?
425
00:19:33,422 --> 00:19:38,510
Explosion in the main building!
Between the third and fourth units.
426
00:19:38,594 --> 00:19:39,887
Are there people?
427
00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:40,804
Yes!
428
00:19:40,888 --> 00:19:42,139
Alarm our personnel!
429
00:19:43,515 --> 00:19:44,725
In 1986,
430
00:19:45,434 --> 00:19:47,352
operators at Chernobyl power plant
431
00:19:47,436 --> 00:19:49,605
lost control of their nuclear reactor.
432
00:19:52,983 --> 00:19:56,486
For weeks, the world watched
as radioactive material spread
433
00:19:56,570 --> 00:19:57,738
throughout the region.
434
00:20:00,199 --> 00:20:01,825
The investigation revealed
435
00:20:01,950 --> 00:20:04,578
the reactor relied too heavily
on its operators.
436
00:20:06,079 --> 00:20:07,998
This fear of, “Is it safe?”
437
00:20:08,498 --> 00:20:10,626
Appropriately, the public questions,
438
00:20:10,709 --> 00:20:12,711
do we need this technology at all?
439
00:20:13,503 --> 00:20:16,715
Nuclear power is more hazardous
than it is worth.
440
00:20:16,798 --> 00:20:20,010
Certainly there are questions
about radioactive fallout.
441
00:20:20,093 --> 00:20:21,929
There's a potential
for human error.
442
00:20:23,263 --> 00:20:25,766
If you ask most people, they would say
443
00:20:26,141 --> 00:20:28,310
"Don't try nuclear.
We tried, it doesn't work."
444
00:20:28,685 --> 00:20:31,605
The way he thinks about it,
that’s part of the opportunity.
445
00:20:33,023 --> 00:20:35,943
There hasn't been real innovation
in nuclear energy
446
00:20:36,026 --> 00:20:38,153
for nearly 25 years.
447
00:20:38,862 --> 00:20:40,864
When Bill decided
to pursue nuclear,
448
00:20:41,114 --> 00:20:42,950
he gathered the smartest people he knew.
449
00:20:43,450 --> 00:20:46,662
Nuclear reactors are not
the thing that you get into
450
00:20:46,745 --> 00:20:48,956
if you want to win popularity contests.
451
00:20:49,164 --> 00:20:53,377
Eliminating polio is a lot more popular.
452
00:20:53,710 --> 00:20:57,256
A whiz kid,
Nathan Myhrvold entered college at 14,
453
00:20:57,798 --> 00:21:00,884
majored in math, and earned a fellowship
with Stephen Hawking.
454
00:21:01,927 --> 00:21:05,597
Bill met Nathan when Microsoft acquired
his start-up in 1986.
455
00:21:06,932 --> 00:21:10,644
He’s published articles about the speed
at which a dinosaur tail moves,
456
00:21:10,811 --> 00:21:14,064
research into asteroids
that challenge the entire field,
457
00:21:14,606 --> 00:21:16,692
and he's an author of a five-volume,
458
00:21:16,817 --> 00:21:19,695
2600 page book about bread.
459
00:21:20,696 --> 00:21:24,491
What are our solutions
to our energy needs?
460
00:21:24,908 --> 00:21:29,413
How can we actually deploy enough energy
to get off of fossil fuels?
461
00:21:29,705 --> 00:21:31,790
It's very hard to ignore nuclear
462
00:21:31,873 --> 00:21:33,875
if you're looking
at the problem rationally.
463
00:21:33,959 --> 00:21:35,961
How many people
have nuclear reactors killed
464
00:21:36,128 --> 00:21:38,505
versus the number of people
that have been killed
465
00:21:38,588 --> 00:21:41,550
by the effluent of coal plants?
466
00:21:42,384 --> 00:21:44,224
The statistics
are fiercely debated,
467
00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:46,596
but reasonable scientists would agree
468
00:21:46,805 --> 00:21:50,517
nuclear power has caused less
than a few thousand deaths total.
469
00:21:51,518 --> 00:21:54,021
Coal kills 800,000 people
470
00:21:54,563 --> 00:21:55,814
every year.
471
00:21:56,648 --> 00:21:58,442
People driving to the airport
472
00:21:59,026 --> 00:22:00,986
will worry about their flight.
473
00:22:01,653 --> 00:22:04,031
Now, a statistician would say
474
00:22:04,156 --> 00:22:05,282
that's absurd.
475
00:22:05,782 --> 00:22:08,952
Driving is really dangerous!
476
00:22:09,494 --> 00:22:11,830
Flying is not dangerous.
477
00:22:11,913 --> 00:22:14,249
Thirty thousand people are killed
by car accidents,
478
00:22:14,333 --> 00:22:15,667
mostly by drunk drivers.
479
00:22:15,751 --> 00:22:18,253
So you should be afraid
of drunk people, really.
480
00:22:18,837 --> 00:22:21,757
When Bill and Nathan
got serious about pursuing nuclear energy,
481
00:22:22,132 --> 00:22:23,383
they met with an expert
482
00:22:23,467 --> 00:22:26,386
whose controversial reputation
still precedes him.
483
00:22:26,553 --> 00:22:28,972
Lowell Wood worked
with Edward Teller,
484
00:22:29,514 --> 00:22:31,975
who’s famous
for inventing the hydrogen bomb.
485
00:22:32,726 --> 00:22:36,438
He was the technical head
of the Star Wars project
486
00:22:36,605 --> 00:22:38,315
back in the Reagan administration.
487
00:22:39,775 --> 00:22:41,735
But beyond his decades
of defense work,
488
00:22:42,319 --> 00:22:44,321
Lowell also became a prolific inventor.
489
00:22:44,529 --> 00:22:47,032
Today, he holds more patents
than Thomas Edison.
490
00:22:48,909 --> 00:22:51,953
Most meetings that involve Lowell and me
491
00:22:52,037 --> 00:22:54,039
involve Lowell at some point
492
00:22:54,122 --> 00:22:55,540
remarking how stupid I am.
493
00:22:56,124 --> 00:22:57,751
The sad fact of the matter is
494
00:22:57,834 --> 00:23:00,837
that almost all nuclear power plants
currently in existence
495
00:23:00,921 --> 00:23:02,672
were not designed with computers at all.
496
00:23:02,756 --> 00:23:04,674
They were literally
slide-rule designed plants.
497
00:23:04,758 --> 00:23:08,261
And the nuclear power plant
that exploded at Chernobyl
498
00:23:08,345 --> 00:23:11,223
is based on a design from the late 1940’s.
499
00:23:11,348 --> 00:23:13,892
Most modern nuclear power plants
in existence
500
00:23:13,975 --> 00:23:15,352
in the US at the present time
501
00:23:15,435 --> 00:23:19,147
represent 1960’s designs
and 1970’s implementation.
502
00:23:21,108 --> 00:23:23,485
So we're brainstorming and saying,
503
00:23:23,735 --> 00:23:27,906
"Okay, can we take nuclear reactors
and make them better?"
504
00:23:28,949 --> 00:23:32,911
Bill and Nathan got excited
about an old paper Lowell and Teller wrote
505
00:23:33,537 --> 00:23:36,039
while they were working
at Lawrence Livermore Laboratories.
506
00:23:36,832 --> 00:23:38,458
It was a completely different design,
507
00:23:38,834 --> 00:23:41,002
minimizing human error and rethinking
508
00:23:41,086 --> 00:23:43,486
how to contain radiation.
509
00:23:43,755 --> 00:23:45,132
But the biggest breakthrough:
510
00:23:46,049 --> 00:23:47,759
instead of using enriched uranium,
511
00:23:48,051 --> 00:23:51,596
Teller and Lowell imagined a way
to use depleted uranium,
512
00:23:51,930 --> 00:23:54,141
which can't be used for nuclear weapons.
513
00:23:55,642 --> 00:23:58,270
Bill said, "What about this idea
that you and Teller
514
00:23:58,353 --> 00:24:00,021
and some of your colleagues had?"
515
00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:01,731
And I said, "Yeah, there was that.
516
00:24:02,023 --> 00:24:03,900
It continues to look promising, but...
517
00:24:04,568 --> 00:24:06,736
government’s never gonna
do anything with it."
518
00:24:06,820 --> 00:24:09,500
And so he essentially said,
"Maybe we should do something about it."
519
00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:12,080
Lowell's theory made sense on paper,
520
00:24:12,451 --> 00:24:15,328
but Bill wanted to make sure
that those theories were still valid.
521
00:24:15,454 --> 00:24:19,207
So you needed a very complex
simulation.
522
00:24:19,291 --> 00:24:21,293
You needed a super computer.
523
00:24:21,460 --> 00:24:22,627
It wasn't until
524
00:24:22,878 --> 00:24:25,505
computer modeling got very cheap
525
00:24:25,839 --> 00:24:29,050
and advanced
that you could test out ideas.
526
00:24:29,843 --> 00:24:32,471
So Bill founded a start-up
caller TerraPower,
527
00:24:33,138 --> 00:24:36,475
which set out to see if this reactor
could actually work.
528
00:24:38,685 --> 00:24:40,562
Do you view yourself
as a workaholic,
529
00:24:40,645 --> 00:24:43,273
or how do you handle that term,
that label?
530
00:24:43,356 --> 00:24:45,609
Well, you know, I get...
531
00:24:45,775 --> 00:24:48,069
I believe that the richness of life
532
00:24:48,153 --> 00:24:53,283
and the learning
and stimulation that I'd like, so, uh...
533
00:24:53,742 --> 00:24:56,203
The long hours I work,
no, they're not for everybody.
534
00:24:56,286 --> 00:24:58,663
I don't try and impose them on everybody.
535
00:24:58,747 --> 00:25:00,624
But I think it's great.
536
00:25:08,632 --> 00:25:12,344
He was heads down focused
on building Microsoft.
537
00:25:13,595 --> 00:25:16,973
You don't raise a family
hyper-focused in your head.
538
00:25:17,265 --> 00:25:18,725
I worked night and day
539
00:25:18,808 --> 00:25:21,603
and that was partly how I made sure
Microsoft stayed ahead.
540
00:25:22,145 --> 00:25:23,145
That...
541
00:25:24,105 --> 00:25:25,941
uh, complicated things.
542
00:25:26,816 --> 00:25:28,496
With a new baby,
543
00:25:28,652 --> 00:25:31,446
Melinda found herself
in a massive construction site,
544
00:25:32,155 --> 00:25:33,698
a home Bill had been building,
545
00:25:34,199 --> 00:25:36,868
designed more for a bachelor
than a family.
546
00:25:37,410 --> 00:25:39,788
Tell me about your house.
Are you in your new house yet?
547
00:25:39,871 --> 00:25:43,917
No, I'm still building that.
I'm hoping to move in by the end of '96.
548
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,169
Is it just like the coolest house
of all time?
549
00:25:46,253 --> 00:25:48,255
For me, it’s the coolest house
of all time.
550
00:25:48,338 --> 00:25:51,550
There were construction workers on site
every single day.
551
00:25:54,052 --> 00:25:56,221
Bill was traveling a lot for work.
552
00:25:59,558 --> 00:26:03,186
And it was Jen and me in this huge house.
553
00:26:06,773 --> 00:26:09,317
I said to Bill,
"I don't feel safe in this house.
554
00:26:10,277 --> 00:26:13,405
I wouldn’t know if somebody
came in which door."
555
00:26:16,199 --> 00:26:19,452
I looked into
the most prevalent criticisms of you,
556
00:26:20,328 --> 00:26:22,581
and this one
actually seems the most relevant.
557
00:26:22,664 --> 00:26:26,084
"He's a technophile that thinks
that technology will save everything."
558
00:26:26,751 --> 00:26:28,503
Yeah, I'm basically guilty of that.
559
00:26:28,670 --> 00:26:29,921
Any problem...
560
00:26:31,631 --> 00:26:35,510
I will look at how technical innovation
can help solve that problem.
561
00:26:35,594 --> 00:26:39,222
It's the one thing I know
and the one thing I'm good at.
562
00:26:39,431 --> 00:26:43,560
And so, you know,
that's my hammer. Uh...
563
00:26:43,643 --> 00:26:47,147
And so lots of problems look like nails
because I've got a hammer.
564
00:26:49,024 --> 00:26:51,109
Bill's team at TerraPower
spent five years
565
00:26:51,192 --> 00:26:52,902
testing and refining their design.
566
00:26:53,236 --> 00:26:55,071
Based on that original
inspiration,
567
00:26:55,155 --> 00:26:56,573
we came up with reactors
568
00:26:56,656 --> 00:26:59,200
which are vastly better
than today's reactors.
569
00:26:59,868 --> 00:27:01,703
After extensive
computer modeling,
570
00:27:02,287 --> 00:27:03,872
the idea showed promise.
571
00:27:04,748 --> 00:27:07,709
The new design greatly reduced the chance
of human error.
572
00:27:09,919 --> 00:27:11,630
Fueled by depleted uranium,
573
00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:15,216
the traveling wave reactor
functions like a slow-burning candle
574
00:27:15,550 --> 00:27:18,345
and requires refueling
only once every decade.
575
00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:22,680
Bill and his team believed
576
00:27:22,724 --> 00:27:25,226
they had finally developed
the ideal energy source.
577
00:27:25,852 --> 00:27:28,521
A reactor that was clean, efficient,
578
00:27:28,605 --> 00:27:30,899
and most importantly, safe.
579
00:27:31,149 --> 00:27:32,901
Raging meltdowns in progress.
580
00:27:33,234 --> 00:27:35,695
One spent fuel pod open to the air,
581
00:27:35,862 --> 00:27:37,572
hydrogen gas explosions,
582
00:27:37,739 --> 00:27:41,201
any one of which already exceeds
Three Mile Island.
583
00:27:41,368 --> 00:27:42,744
In a routine meeting,
584
00:27:43,036 --> 00:27:45,372
the team watched the news
coming from Japan.
585
00:27:45,455 --> 00:27:48,541
...and we saw those
eerie images just yesterday morning here,
586
00:27:48,667 --> 00:27:51,419
of the ghost towns created
near the Fukushima plant.
587
00:27:51,503 --> 00:27:54,172
I mean, are we looking
at a potential Chernobyl situation
588
00:27:54,255 --> 00:27:57,258
where an entire region of Japan
would be empty?
589
00:27:57,342 --> 00:28:00,178
Firefighters are no longer
putting water onto the cores.
590
00:28:00,303 --> 00:28:03,306
That’s the only thing preventing
a full-scale meltdown
591
00:28:03,431 --> 00:28:04,683
at three reactor sites.
592
00:28:04,891 --> 00:28:07,894
Once they evacuate,
then we pass the point of no return.
593
00:28:08,228 --> 00:28:09,437
Meltdowns are...
594
00:28:09,521 --> 00:28:10,814
Public opinion,
595
00:28:10,897 --> 00:28:12,107
already skittish,
596
00:28:12,607 --> 00:28:14,317
turned completely against nuclear.
597
00:28:21,032 --> 00:28:23,201
When you have
a massive setback,
598
00:28:23,868 --> 00:28:24,994
how do you deal with that?
599
00:28:25,328 --> 00:28:27,497
You know,
I try and step back from it and...
600
00:28:28,248 --> 00:28:29,708
try and be more objective.
601
00:28:30,208 --> 00:28:31,584
Your ability to...
602
00:28:32,794 --> 00:28:37,215
detach emotionally from big, big things
is a superpower.
603
00:28:38,049 --> 00:28:39,175
Is it also...
604
00:28:39,926 --> 00:28:41,553
Does it ever get you in trouble?
605
00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:43,638
Sure. I'm able...
606
00:28:44,431 --> 00:28:47,434
because I've had a lot of success
and I have resources,
607
00:28:47,892 --> 00:28:49,352
to go do risky things,
608
00:28:49,477 --> 00:28:51,438
and, like any good leader,
609
00:28:51,938 --> 00:28:53,231
people will follow you.
610
00:28:53,314 --> 00:28:55,608
And if you're leading them into a ditch,
611
00:28:55,817 --> 00:28:56,985
it's a bad thing.
612
00:28:59,946 --> 00:29:02,574
In one Microsoft computer game,
613
00:29:02,657 --> 00:29:06,536
the object is to build an empire
by obliterating your rivals.
614
00:29:07,787 --> 00:29:09,414
Rivals paint a dark picture,
615
00:29:09,581 --> 00:29:12,167
saying Gates is destroying competitors
616
00:29:12,250 --> 00:29:14,961
by buying them up
or driving them out of business.
617
00:29:16,713 --> 00:29:19,132
Bill's intense focus
had made Microsoft
618
00:29:19,215 --> 00:29:21,926
the most powerful software company
in the world.
619
00:29:23,636 --> 00:29:26,139
His boyhood dream
of becoming a captain of industry
620
00:29:26,347 --> 00:29:27,347
had come true.
621
00:29:28,349 --> 00:29:31,102
But now, he was no longer
a celebrated entrepreneur.
622
00:29:34,689 --> 00:29:36,816
He was branded a monopolist.
623
00:29:37,692 --> 00:29:40,252
Microsoft has doubled its share
of the browser market
624
00:29:40,278 --> 00:29:43,406
in just the last nine months
at the expense of bitter rival Netscape.
625
00:29:43,490 --> 00:29:44,741
They have targeted us.
626
00:29:44,824 --> 00:29:46,868
They have done almost everything
they can think of
627
00:29:46,951 --> 00:29:48,161
to put us out of business.
628
00:29:48,244 --> 00:29:50,164
The Justice Department
is stepping in,
629
00:29:50,246 --> 00:29:53,333
worried that Microsoft
is out to get a stranglehold
630
00:29:53,458 --> 00:29:56,044
on the future
of the whole computer industry.
631
00:29:56,127 --> 00:29:58,963
We won't tolerate any coercion
by dominant companies
632
00:29:59,047 --> 00:30:01,007
in any way that distorts competition.
633
00:30:01,090 --> 00:30:03,210
You couldn't argue
they didn't have a monopoly.
634
00:30:03,384 --> 00:30:06,805
They had 98% share
of personal computer operating systems.
635
00:30:06,888 --> 00:30:09,474
If you have a monopoly,
no one cares how you got it.
636
00:30:09,849 --> 00:30:11,226
Right? You just have it.
637
00:30:12,227 --> 00:30:14,437
A reasonable person
might think you had a monopoly?
638
00:30:14,646 --> 00:30:17,148
If monopoly means
extremely high market share
639
00:30:17,232 --> 00:30:20,276
with short term market power,
the answer is yes.
640
00:30:20,360 --> 00:30:23,988
If it means that we had
an unchallengeable position
641
00:30:24,072 --> 00:30:27,408
where new and better technology
didn't have a chance to replace us,
642
00:30:27,492 --> 00:30:28,492
the answer is no.
643
00:30:28,993 --> 00:30:31,913
So it sounds like I’m being,
you know, weasely,
644
00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:34,707
even now, when I answer that question.
645
00:30:37,001 --> 00:30:38,001
So?
646
00:30:38,336 --> 00:30:42,090
So, I don’t like to be weasely,
but the honest answer requires
647
00:30:42,298 --> 00:30:45,134
that... drawing that distinction
between those two things.
648
00:30:45,301 --> 00:30:48,638
Company president
and Gates' longtime friend, Steve Ballmer
649
00:30:48,721 --> 00:30:50,974
becomes the new CEO of Microsoft.
650
00:30:51,140 --> 00:30:54,185
He let Steve and the company
run as best they could
651
00:30:54,269 --> 00:30:56,729
and tried not to distract them
or have them feel like
652
00:30:56,813 --> 00:30:58,481
they needed to worry about that.
653
00:31:00,149 --> 00:31:02,443
He said, "I'm taking on the DOJ trial,
654
00:31:04,237 --> 00:31:05,905
and I'm going to deal with this."
655
00:31:07,949 --> 00:31:09,951
And it was a very heavy burden.
656
00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:14,539
Microsoft people were focused on the fact
that they had done nothing wrong.
657
00:31:14,747 --> 00:31:18,251
The lawsuit poses a fundamental threat
to the ability of American companies
658
00:31:18,334 --> 00:31:20,879
to innovate on behalf of their customers.
659
00:31:21,087 --> 00:31:24,674
You know, there is a lot of competition
in this industry.
660
00:31:24,841 --> 00:31:28,761
What would Bill Gates now
have said to Bill Gates then?
661
00:31:29,220 --> 00:31:32,891
That you have an over-simplistic view
of what’s going on here.
662
00:31:35,435 --> 00:31:39,063
You were naive or you had your back up
and you were defensive?
663
00:31:39,439 --> 00:31:40,439
Naive.
664
00:31:41,858 --> 00:31:42,858
Naive.
665
00:31:51,034 --> 00:31:53,661
When there's something
that doesn't go well,
666
00:31:53,870 --> 00:31:56,372
he tries to learn
"Why didn't that go well?"
667
00:31:57,457 --> 00:31:59,834
He thinks like an engineer,
a programmer, right?
668
00:32:00,001 --> 00:32:02,545
So the vagaries of people
and their behavior
669
00:32:02,670 --> 00:32:03,671
can be frustrating.
670
00:32:04,923 --> 00:32:06,883
Also impediments that seem stupid.
671
00:32:07,008 --> 00:32:10,136
The US nuclear industry
is bracing for a backlash.
672
00:32:11,387 --> 00:32:14,307
This is a technology
that's simply too hazardous.
673
00:32:16,809 --> 00:32:19,145
But what we know
is the accidents will happen,
674
00:32:19,228 --> 00:32:21,022
so it's just a question of when and where.
675
00:32:22,231 --> 00:32:24,031
I don't like to play
Russian Roulette.
676
00:32:24,108 --> 00:32:26,569
We just need one bad accident.
677
00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:33,201
While the world
was condemning nuclear,
678
00:32:33,743 --> 00:32:35,578
Bill knew his reactor was different.
679
00:32:36,871 --> 00:32:39,582
Fukushima was a slide-rule era plant.
680
00:32:40,249 --> 00:32:43,461
It's of a type of plant
that becomes unsafe
681
00:32:43,628 --> 00:32:45,213
if you ever shut the power off.
682
00:32:46,547 --> 00:32:50,051
After you take fuel out
of a nuclear reactor,
683
00:32:50,176 --> 00:32:51,761
it's called spent fuel.
684
00:32:51,970 --> 00:32:55,890
It’s still hot, and it continues to be hot
for quite some period of time,
685
00:32:55,974 --> 00:32:58,094
so you have to put it
in what’s called a cooling pond.
686
00:32:58,726 --> 00:33:01,562
And there's only water to cool it
if there's power.
687
00:33:02,271 --> 00:33:05,483
When the 9.0 earthquake
shook the plant at Fukushima,
688
00:33:05,566 --> 00:33:07,610
the reactor shut off.
689
00:33:08,945 --> 00:33:10,905
The people who built that said,
"Okay, no problem.
690
00:33:11,155 --> 00:33:13,157
We'll put some diesel generators there."
691
00:33:13,950 --> 00:33:15,618
But then they made a set of other...
692
00:33:16,452 --> 00:33:18,621
kind of disastrous design choices.
693
00:33:18,955 --> 00:33:22,667
The diesel generators
were put at the lowest point,
694
00:33:22,750 --> 00:33:24,919
actually right behind the seawall.
695
00:33:25,211 --> 00:33:27,922
So as soon as the tsunami
went over the seawall,
696
00:33:31,592 --> 00:33:33,011
it destroyed the generators.
697
00:33:33,970 --> 00:33:36,222
As the internal temperature
skyrocketed,
698
00:33:37,557 --> 00:33:39,277
the reactor turned into
a pressure cooker...
699
00:33:39,308 --> 00:33:42,069
...and soon reached its breaking point.
700
00:33:56,826 --> 00:33:59,306
Bill was always in a rush
coming back from Microsoft.
701
00:33:59,454 --> 00:34:02,081
He used to be late a lot,
and he picks me up.
702
00:34:04,125 --> 00:34:07,170
And I'm furious. It's raining,
it's dark, we're running late.
703
00:34:07,462 --> 00:34:10,381
And I was like,
"You should have gotten off on that exit
704
00:34:10,465 --> 00:34:12,705
and if you didn’t...
Okay, now we’ve got to go this way."
705
00:34:14,177 --> 00:34:15,762
I was so frustrated.
706
00:34:18,306 --> 00:34:19,891
And he said, "You're not happy.
707
00:34:20,349 --> 00:34:21,476
What's going on?"
708
00:34:22,060 --> 00:34:23,060
And I just said,
709
00:34:23,478 --> 00:34:26,189
"It's just so much and you're not home."
710
00:34:26,647 --> 00:34:27,647
And...
711
00:34:28,024 --> 00:34:30,068
I wanted to put my head down and cry.
712
00:34:32,445 --> 00:34:34,697
And he put his hand down on mine
and he said,
713
00:34:34,989 --> 00:34:35,989
"Melinda,
714
00:34:36,449 --> 00:34:37,825
wherever we're going,
715
00:34:38,284 --> 00:34:39,535
we're going there together."
716
00:34:41,662 --> 00:34:43,873
In 2000, the couple unveiled
717
00:34:43,956 --> 00:34:45,875
the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
718
00:34:45,958 --> 00:34:48,294
to be run by both, equally.
719
00:34:49,420 --> 00:34:52,256
But many believed it was Bill
who was calling the shots.
720
00:34:52,507 --> 00:34:54,217
Microsoft mogul Bill Gates...
721
00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:56,862
Bill Gates,
the Microsoft founder and philanthropist...
722
00:34:56,886 --> 00:34:59,806
Bill Gates: he’s on a mission
to take care of the poor.
723
00:35:00,598 --> 00:35:03,184
It felt very odd to both of us
724
00:35:03,267 --> 00:35:06,104
that they would be writing about it
as Bill's foundation.
725
00:35:06,354 --> 00:35:09,232
When I started bringing it up to him,
he's like, "Yeah, that is weird."
726
00:35:09,816 --> 00:35:12,652
And then he finally said, “Melinda,
I’m the one who’s out doing press.”
727
00:35:13,653 --> 00:35:14,946
Melinda had a choice.
728
00:35:15,571 --> 00:35:18,032
Stay in the background or speak her mind.
729
00:35:18,991 --> 00:35:20,451
Melinda Gates!
730
00:35:22,453 --> 00:35:26,082
At The Gates Foundation,
Melinda has done very important things.
731
00:35:26,916 --> 00:35:27,917
In 2006,
732
00:35:28,334 --> 00:35:31,087
she implemented a total restructuring
of the foundation.
733
00:35:31,295 --> 00:35:33,422
You're not sitting back
in an office,
734
00:35:33,506 --> 00:35:34,706
you're out there in the field.
735
00:35:35,174 --> 00:35:37,468
She has been instrumental
736
00:35:37,552 --> 00:35:39,971
in increasing focus on women.
737
00:35:40,054 --> 00:35:41,222
You want to lift up
738
00:35:41,472 --> 00:35:44,308
a family, a community, a society,
739
00:35:44,392 --> 00:35:45,392
you invest in women.
740
00:35:45,852 --> 00:35:47,895
The family planning
that Melinda’s taken on
741
00:35:47,979 --> 00:35:49,564
is particularly gutsy of her.
742
00:35:49,730 --> 00:35:52,400
She's a Catholic,
but she knows what she believes in.
743
00:35:53,234 --> 00:35:56,571
At Microsoft, I was always
the senior partner,
744
00:35:56,654 --> 00:35:57,905
or the senior voice there.
745
00:35:57,989 --> 00:36:00,700
Here, you know,
we’re in an equal position.
746
00:36:01,117 --> 00:36:03,578
But we come at things differently.
747
00:36:03,870 --> 00:36:06,164
Bill will bring data to a conversation.
748
00:36:06,247 --> 00:36:08,499
Like, I can’t keep all of it
in my head like he can.
749
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:13,004
And I will bring the
"What have I heard and listened to?
750
00:36:13,087 --> 00:36:15,548
What's the human aspect of this?"
751
00:36:16,632 --> 00:36:19,844
We really got to talk
about the nationalist case for globalism.
752
00:36:20,344 --> 00:36:23,472
That one is a push-back
on sort of the current rhetoric.
753
00:36:24,557 --> 00:36:26,767
She's the one
who actually understand me
754
00:36:26,851 --> 00:36:29,604
and talking to her about it,
planning with her about it,
755
00:36:29,687 --> 00:36:30,813
gives it meaning.
756
00:36:32,356 --> 00:36:34,400
Tomorrow you're leaving at 4:15.
757
00:36:34,609 --> 00:36:36,903
I know that you outlined
what you wanted for tennis.
758
00:36:36,986 --> 00:36:39,906
We have your schedule right here.
You won't be getting as much time,
759
00:36:39,989 --> 00:36:41,616
but you have some solid chunks.
760
00:36:41,699 --> 00:36:43,826
Also getting in these calls
that we talked about
761
00:36:43,910 --> 00:36:45,578
with Bloomberg, Paulson, and Perry.
762
00:36:45,661 --> 00:36:47,872
Also, for the board meeting
on the 27th,
763
00:36:47,955 --> 00:36:51,167
you have a one-on-one with Reed,
just so you know, at 3:00 that day.
764
00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:52,543
That's going to be at Microsoft.
765
00:36:52,627 --> 00:36:55,338
Then on Monday, do you think
you want to do Seattle work time?
766
00:36:55,713 --> 00:36:57,924
Are... Is Monday a holiday for most people?
767
00:36:58,007 --> 00:37:00,127
- Yeah, that's President's Day.
- Yeah.
768
00:37:00,509 --> 00:37:02,178
Has he mellowed a little bit?
769
00:37:03,429 --> 00:37:04,429
Not really.
770
00:37:04,639 --> 00:37:06,641
If anything,
he's actually throttled up a bit.
771
00:37:07,558 --> 00:37:09,060
I think, with Bill,
772
00:37:10,019 --> 00:37:11,145
there's almost a sense
773
00:37:11,354 --> 00:37:14,273
there's less time in front of you
than there is behind you.
774
00:37:14,941 --> 00:37:17,235
And whether that's the kids
going to school,
775
00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:19,153
having friends who have been sick.
776
00:37:19,237 --> 00:37:20,404
For all of us,
777
00:37:20,488 --> 00:37:22,365
we're a lot more aware,
778
00:37:22,448 --> 00:37:26,160
cognizant of the fact that, yeah,
we are running out of time here.
779
00:37:33,084 --> 00:37:35,479
The first of the safety features
I wanted to talk about
780
00:37:35,503 --> 00:37:38,839
is the fact that the reactor vessel
stays at atmospheric pressure.
781
00:37:38,965 --> 00:37:41,193
- No high pressure.
- No high pressure in the system.
782
00:37:41,217 --> 00:37:43,552
And this is a result
of the type of coolant that we chose.
783
00:37:43,970 --> 00:37:45,846
Unlike the Fukushima-style reactor,
784
00:37:46,305 --> 00:37:49,475
the traveling wave reactor
doesn't use water to cool itself.
785
00:37:49,558 --> 00:37:52,478
Liquid metal
has a very high boiling point.
786
00:37:52,645 --> 00:37:57,775
So high that there’s no real chance
that our coolant will ever boil.
787
00:37:58,192 --> 00:38:01,570
That’s because, long before it got
to a boiling point temperature,
788
00:38:01,821 --> 00:38:03,572
the reactor itself shuts off.
789
00:38:03,656 --> 00:38:06,951
All of the heat that happens
after you shut the reactor down
790
00:38:07,034 --> 00:38:08,995
can be taken away by just air circulation.
791
00:38:09,078 --> 00:38:10,638
It's called passive heat removal.
792
00:38:10,663 --> 00:38:13,416
It can take the heat
directly from the reactor vessel
793
00:38:13,499 --> 00:38:16,877
without any electrical power
or operator intervention at all.
794
00:38:17,086 --> 00:38:21,424
These are reactors that are built
to withstand disasters.
795
00:38:21,757 --> 00:38:23,884
Tidal wave, earthquake,
airline crash.
796
00:38:24,468 --> 00:38:28,222
The worst case is that the reactor
stops generating electricity,
797
00:38:28,306 --> 00:38:31,392
not that any of the radioactive materials
get out.
798
00:38:33,728 --> 00:38:36,564
No one's ever done a design that
799
00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:40,192
was inherently safe. It's been discussed.
800
00:38:40,776 --> 00:38:42,778
There have been hundreds of articles
801
00:38:42,862 --> 00:38:44,947
written about, "Hey, this could be done."
802
00:38:45,156 --> 00:38:46,324
But we chose to do it.
803
00:38:48,242 --> 00:38:51,245
But even if there's no danger
of an explosion or meltdown,
804
00:38:51,704 --> 00:38:54,915
there's still one unavoidable byproduct
of nuclear power.
805
00:38:57,918 --> 00:38:59,211
When uranium is enriched,
806
00:38:59,795 --> 00:39:02,506
only 10% of the material can be burned
as fuel.
807
00:39:03,841 --> 00:39:06,510
The other 90% is unused byproduct
808
00:39:06,886 --> 00:39:08,471
which must be stored carefully.
809
00:39:09,513 --> 00:39:12,850
Right now, there are 700,000 metric tons
810
00:39:13,017 --> 00:39:14,310
just piling up.
811
00:39:16,729 --> 00:39:19,982
This is our pit
where we study the fuel rods.
812
00:39:20,274 --> 00:39:22,610
We knew that the roof wasn't high enough
for this,
813
00:39:22,693 --> 00:39:23,819
so we had this big dilemma.
814
00:39:24,195 --> 00:39:25,195
Do we...
815
00:39:25,946 --> 00:39:29,325
make the roof taller or do we dig a hole?
816
00:39:29,408 --> 00:39:31,660
So we dug a hole!
817
00:39:33,954 --> 00:39:36,582
This is the TerraPower fuel testing pit.
818
00:39:38,501 --> 00:39:40,044
You can see some fuel bundles.
819
00:39:40,252 --> 00:39:43,005
These stainless steel tubes
are wrapped in wire,
820
00:39:43,381 --> 00:39:45,466
but inside of it, it would have uranium,
821
00:39:45,633 --> 00:39:50,596
and that uranium,
which we can source from existing waste,
822
00:39:50,888 --> 00:39:52,348
is what will power the reactor.
823
00:39:52,932 --> 00:39:55,332
So, the waste that
everyone’s trying to get rid of
824
00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:57,520
can now be used to make clean energy?
825
00:39:58,229 --> 00:40:01,649
Yes. So, uh, in Paducah, Kentucky,
826
00:40:02,108 --> 00:40:04,527
there's this huge government facility
827
00:40:04,902 --> 00:40:07,238
that has enough, uh,
828
00:40:07,321 --> 00:40:08,823
nuclear waste in it
829
00:40:09,198 --> 00:40:12,076
to run the United States for 125 years.
830
00:40:13,452 --> 00:40:16,288
Just 14 miles
from a town of 25,000 people...
831
00:40:18,958 --> 00:40:22,086
...sits a massive stockpile
of discarded uranium.
832
00:40:22,753 --> 00:40:24,839
If the traveling wave reactor works,
833
00:40:25,005 --> 00:40:27,133
we'll finally have use for all this waste,
834
00:40:28,342 --> 00:40:31,178
and Bill will have
one of his energy miracles.
835
00:40:34,723 --> 00:40:37,768
If you built
one of these traveling wave reactors,
836
00:40:38,144 --> 00:40:40,563
would you let your kids live
downriver from one?
837
00:40:40,688 --> 00:40:44,358
You bet. I’d rather have them live there
than next to a coal plant
838
00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:45,734
or natural gas plant.
839
00:40:46,986 --> 00:40:48,320
After years of work,
840
00:40:48,696 --> 00:40:51,198
Bill and his team are ready to build
their first prototype
841
00:40:51,699 --> 00:40:54,243
and prove to the world
that their reactor works.
842
00:40:55,077 --> 00:40:56,579
There's a number of issues.
843
00:40:56,704 --> 00:40:59,999
One is just simply the funding
to build a pilot reactor.
844
00:41:00,374 --> 00:41:03,377
Nuclear is a scale
economic business.
845
00:41:03,502 --> 00:41:06,422
That is, if you know you're only going
to build two or three of something,
846
00:41:06,505 --> 00:41:08,174
go shoot yourself in the head.
847
00:41:08,382 --> 00:41:11,093
You are going to lose
billions of dollars.
848
00:41:11,218 --> 00:41:14,346
China builds them fast,
builds them with cheap money,
849
00:41:14,430 --> 00:41:16,432
knows how to cite the goddamn things.
850
00:41:16,557 --> 00:41:20,728
China's one of the countries
that’s really building more reactors,
851
00:41:21,103 --> 00:41:26,275
and so, it became a natural choice
for working together, building a pilot,
852
00:41:26,358 --> 00:41:28,152
and ultimately scaling the technology.
853
00:41:29,153 --> 00:41:32,865
So, we had permission
from the US government to work with China.
854
00:41:33,240 --> 00:41:35,493
For nine years,
Bill kept traveling to China
855
00:41:36,035 --> 00:41:37,369
to negotiate a deal.
856
00:41:38,621 --> 00:41:40,748
And it was almost
like Groundhog Day.
857
00:41:41,123 --> 00:41:43,923
"Yes, we want to do this. Yes, we want
to do this. We're in. We're in."
858
00:41:44,084 --> 00:41:47,338
And then a year would go by
and we're sort of in the same place.
859
00:41:47,421 --> 00:41:50,090
In 2015,
President Xi came to Seattle
860
00:41:50,633 --> 00:41:52,176
and had a private meeting with Bill.
861
00:41:52,927 --> 00:41:54,345
Then we see real movement.
862
00:41:55,054 --> 00:41:57,348
At long last,
Bill closed the deal.
863
00:41:58,349 --> 00:42:00,351
If TerraPower's prototype worked,
864
00:42:00,809 --> 00:42:04,438
Bill would immediately move
to build more reactors across the globe.
865
00:42:06,190 --> 00:42:07,983
Now, the world would have
866
00:42:08,108 --> 00:42:10,819
a new way of generating electricity
867
00:42:10,945 --> 00:42:14,573
that is zero greenhouse gas,
868
00:42:14,657 --> 00:42:16,867
very safe and very economic.
869
00:42:17,535 --> 00:42:20,788
Finally, after five years
of all this planning,
870
00:42:21,205 --> 00:42:23,499
shaking hands, celebrating...
871
00:42:23,999 --> 00:42:25,125
we were gonna have traction.
872
00:42:26,168 --> 00:42:27,253
Just maybe...
873
00:42:27,753 --> 00:42:30,464
Bill had actually found a way
to replace fossil fuels
874
00:42:31,298 --> 00:42:33,467
and dramatically reduce carbon emissions.
875
00:42:35,052 --> 00:42:37,513
And then what happens?
876
00:42:37,596 --> 00:42:40,849
A tariff, tit for tat,
teetering on a trade war...
877
00:42:40,933 --> 00:42:43,060
The escalating trade dispute
with China
878
00:42:43,185 --> 00:42:45,938
is putting some American industries
on uncertain ground.
879
00:42:46,355 --> 00:42:47,690
We are treated unfairly on trade.
880
00:42:47,773 --> 00:42:49,984
There are real
national security concerns.
881
00:42:50,067 --> 00:42:53,362
Investment restrictions
on China with respect to high technology.
882
00:42:53,445 --> 00:42:55,489
We are going to win on trade!
883
00:42:55,573 --> 00:42:58,826
I was on a trip with Bill
down to the Bay Area
884
00:42:59,034 --> 00:43:00,578
and I glanced down at my phone
885
00:43:01,120 --> 00:43:03,163
uh, and I saw a piece of email,
886
00:43:03,247 --> 00:43:05,833
uh, that basically talked
about the export agreement.
887
00:43:05,916 --> 00:43:08,419
Before we could do
any cooperation with China,
888
00:43:09,003 --> 00:43:11,463
China and the United States
had to negotiate
889
00:43:11,547 --> 00:43:13,173
this very complicated contract.
890
00:43:14,633 --> 00:43:16,969
Well, each government has a right
to cancel it
891
00:43:17,052 --> 00:43:18,470
and our government did.
892
00:43:19,346 --> 00:43:23,809
So, by canceling that contract
that gives us the, uh,
893
00:43:23,892 --> 00:43:27,479
the legal right to do nuclear things
in China,
894
00:43:28,188 --> 00:43:29,356
we can't do it anymore.
895
00:43:30,608 --> 00:43:33,277
What was his reaction
when you did show it to him?
896
00:43:35,029 --> 00:43:37,448
I think he just said, "Oh shit."
897
00:43:38,741 --> 00:43:41,660
We always knew
that there would be politics involved.
898
00:43:42,453 --> 00:43:44,830
We never thought
it would be our own government.
899
00:43:47,207 --> 00:43:49,686
I understand that you're
one of the co-founders of Microsoft,
900
00:43:49,710 --> 00:43:51,086
- is that correct?
- Yes.
901
00:43:51,170 --> 00:43:52,588
I'll give you a softball question.
902
00:43:52,671 --> 00:43:54,431
Would you agree that Microsoft
is the world’s
903
00:43:54,757 --> 00:43:56,884
most respected computer software company?
904
00:43:59,720 --> 00:44:01,972
Some people agree with that,
some people wouldn't.
905
00:44:02,056 --> 00:44:03,056
What's your opinion?
906
00:44:05,225 --> 00:44:07,478
I think we are the most,
907
00:44:07,853 --> 00:44:10,397
if you took it on a statistical basis,
908
00:44:10,731 --> 00:44:12,733
yes, we'd be the most respected.
909
00:44:13,859 --> 00:44:15,653
The US government
sued Microsoft
910
00:44:16,153 --> 00:44:18,697
and Bill was grilled for three days
of depositions.
911
00:44:21,283 --> 00:44:23,243
What I'm asking is whether you can think
912
00:44:23,327 --> 00:44:25,788
of any legitimate reason that would
913
00:44:26,121 --> 00:44:27,456
justify doing that.
914
00:44:27,790 --> 00:44:30,060
If you don't understand
the question, I'll rephrase it.
915
00:44:30,084 --> 00:44:32,164
Well, sir, let's read,
it's only three lines.
916
00:44:33,253 --> 00:44:36,382
The theory behind a deposition
is just the written word, right?
917
00:44:37,424 --> 00:44:39,301
But they showed the video tapes
of it in court.
918
00:44:39,718 --> 00:44:42,221
I have no idea what you're talking about
when you say "ask."
919
00:44:42,304 --> 00:44:44,515
Do you want me to define
proprietary API or not?
920
00:44:44,598 --> 00:44:47,101
No, I don’t want you
to define proprietary API.
921
00:44:47,184 --> 00:44:50,312
I looked like I was being sarcastic
922
00:44:50,396 --> 00:44:52,940
or giving him a hard time
when I didn't need
923
00:44:53,023 --> 00:44:54,400
to give him a hard time.
924
00:44:54,525 --> 00:44:56,360
I’m afraid we’re not going
to be able to know
925
00:44:56,610 --> 00:44:59,238
what my state of mind was
when I gave that interview.
926
00:45:00,239 --> 00:45:02,908
If you want to define it,
I'll be glad to answer the question.
927
00:45:03,784 --> 00:45:06,704
And so their highlights reel, uh,
928
00:45:07,329 --> 00:45:08,872
did make me look bad.
929
00:45:09,915 --> 00:45:12,543
Do you believe that the publication
of that statement
930
00:45:12,626 --> 00:45:14,628
affected Netscape?
931
00:45:16,547 --> 00:45:17,881
Like hurt their feelings?
932
00:45:18,173 --> 00:45:19,508
Somebody cried or...
933
00:45:19,800 --> 00:45:25,347
A certain sense of arrogance
came through that hurt us quite a bit.
934
00:45:25,431 --> 00:45:27,951
It shouldn't have hurt us,
because that's not what was on trial.
935
00:45:27,975 --> 00:45:30,811
It turned out, though,
it was part of what was on trial.
936
00:45:30,936 --> 00:45:32,396
Were you arrogant?
937
00:45:32,938 --> 00:45:34,440
In a certain sense...
938
00:45:35,232 --> 00:45:38,193
people who make billions of dollars
in their 20’s
939
00:45:38,277 --> 00:45:41,071
and manage, you know,
thousands of people,
940
00:45:41,155 --> 00:45:44,825
and decide which products
they're going to do and not do, uh,
941
00:45:44,950 --> 00:45:47,911
and, you know, you don't want to waste
five minutes of time.
942
00:45:48,579 --> 00:45:49,579
And...
943
00:45:49,830 --> 00:45:53,751
yes, there's a...
that can appear to be quite arrogant.
944
00:45:57,004 --> 00:45:59,631
After a year
of antitrust legal proceedings,
945
00:45:59,757 --> 00:46:02,760
a federal judge found
that Microsoft was a monopoly
946
00:46:03,051 --> 00:46:05,929
that uses its power to stifle competition
947
00:46:06,013 --> 00:46:07,681
at the expense of consumers.
948
00:46:08,682 --> 00:46:10,517
Once celebrated
as a genius coder,
949
00:46:11,351 --> 00:46:13,187
Bill was now seen as something else.
950
00:46:14,855 --> 00:46:17,191
Nothing succeeds like excess.
951
00:46:17,274 --> 00:46:19,818
It’s never enough
and he’ll do whatever he can
952
00:46:19,902 --> 00:46:21,528
to capture more of the market.
953
00:46:21,612 --> 00:46:24,990
Apple's Steven Jobs
announced a new partner earlier this year.
954
00:46:25,449 --> 00:46:27,910
There were resounding boos.
955
00:46:36,376 --> 00:46:38,696
Gates was momentarily
and understandably shaken,
956
00:46:38,754 --> 00:46:39,922
but he was not injured.
957
00:46:40,005 --> 00:46:41,590
The hit squad piled on with...
958
00:46:41,673 --> 00:46:43,793
He said to me one time
that the antitrust thing
959
00:46:43,842 --> 00:46:45,844
was so hard on him, that he looked at me
960
00:46:46,094 --> 00:46:48,722
in this really confessional voice,
he said:
961
00:46:49,139 --> 00:46:50,849
"For the first time in my life,
962
00:46:50,933 --> 00:46:53,727
I actively sought distraction."
963
00:46:59,191 --> 00:47:02,402
Any decision about punishing
the company will not be made
964
00:47:02,486 --> 00:47:03,403
for several months,
965
00:47:03,487 --> 00:47:04,738
if not years.
966
00:47:05,739 --> 00:47:07,908
Bill walked in the door every night
967
00:47:08,242 --> 00:47:10,962
and he looked like he'd had
the weight of the world on his shoulders.
968
00:47:13,956 --> 00:47:15,624
There was a possibility
969
00:47:15,707 --> 00:47:17,793
that this would destroy the company.
970
00:47:17,876 --> 00:47:19,336
That was a serious thing.
971
00:47:23,715 --> 00:47:27,261
We respectfully disagree
with a number of the court's findings.
972
00:47:28,720 --> 00:47:30,472
Bill appealed
the Court's ruling.
973
00:47:31,014 --> 00:47:33,141
He and Melinda braced for another battle.
974
00:47:35,060 --> 00:47:36,562
In the retrial,
975
00:47:37,646 --> 00:47:40,232
I was able to explain to that court
976
00:47:40,691 --> 00:47:44,862
why these solutions were just wrong.
977
00:47:47,781 --> 00:47:49,074
Many years into it,
978
00:47:49,324 --> 00:47:51,285
the ruling comes in from the retrial.
979
00:47:51,535 --> 00:47:52,953
I'm meeting with Steve
980
00:47:53,537 --> 00:47:54,537
and he says:
981
00:47:54,663 --> 00:47:58,083
"Microsoft was vindicated
on all these counts."
982
00:47:59,334 --> 00:48:01,044
And then I just started crying.
983
00:48:02,921 --> 00:48:05,465
We were finally vindicated.
984
00:48:11,513 --> 00:48:13,553
Last question,
I'm gonna be tough on you.
985
00:48:13,599 --> 00:48:14,600
Let's look at everything.
986
00:48:15,726 --> 00:48:16,726
Toilets.
987
00:48:17,227 --> 00:48:18,979
Promising, but expensive.
988
00:48:19,980 --> 00:48:20,980
Polio.
989
00:48:21,398 --> 00:48:24,484
Billions of dollars,
and cases this year are up.
990
00:48:25,944 --> 00:48:26,945
TerraPower.
991
00:48:28,530 --> 00:48:29,890
Your deal with China just blew up.
992
00:48:29,948 --> 00:48:32,868
And I know you're pushing ahead
and you want to build reactors in the U.S.
993
00:48:32,910 --> 00:48:35,037
but I think you'd agree,
that's a long shot.
994
00:48:36,830 --> 00:48:39,458
Is there a part where you say,
"This is way too hard,
995
00:48:39,625 --> 00:48:40,834
I took on too much,
996
00:48:41,251 --> 00:48:42,251
I quit"?
997
00:48:42,628 --> 00:48:45,172
Sometimes, you really do
have to say,
998
00:48:46,298 --> 00:48:47,298
"Let's give up."
999
00:48:48,634 --> 00:48:51,470
And sometimes, you have to just say,
1000
00:48:51,803 --> 00:48:54,598
"I need to work harder."
1001
00:48:55,390 --> 00:48:57,710
When confronted
with something really difficult,
1002
00:48:58,310 --> 00:48:59,937
he always gives the same answer:
1003
00:49:00,604 --> 00:49:01,604
work harder.
1004
00:49:02,940 --> 00:49:05,025
In the two years
I've gotten to know Bill,
1005
00:49:05,359 --> 00:49:09,446
I've come to wonder whether his strength,
that die-hard relentlessness,
1006
00:49:10,155 --> 00:49:11,448
might also be a flaw.
1007
00:49:20,415 --> 00:49:22,876
We got to go swimming
at least one more time
1008
00:49:22,960 --> 00:49:24,294
before I leave the canal.
1009
00:49:25,045 --> 00:49:27,547
We should go one of these evenings.
1010
00:49:32,928 --> 00:49:33,928
So, if you...
1011
00:49:35,055 --> 00:49:37,391
got hit by a bus today, died,
1012
00:49:37,474 --> 00:49:40,060
what’s the one thing,
the one thing you said,
1013
00:49:40,143 --> 00:49:42,270
"God, I wish I had done that,
that I haven't done."
1014
00:49:45,232 --> 00:49:46,775
You know, thanking Melinda.
1015
00:49:56,702 --> 00:49:59,997
Melinda and I
both really like The Great Gatsby.
1016
00:50:00,414 --> 00:50:02,416
When we were first dating,
1017
00:50:02,541 --> 00:50:05,502
she had a green light
that she would turn on
1018
00:50:06,336 --> 00:50:09,840
uh, when her office was empty
and it made sense for me to come over.
1019
00:50:10,215 --> 00:50:14,428
Which comes from the light at the end
of Daisy's dock in the book.
1020
00:50:17,264 --> 00:50:21,393
The quote is, "He had come a long way
to this blue lawn."
1021
00:50:24,479 --> 00:50:27,983
"And his dreams must have seemed so close
1022
00:50:31,236 --> 00:50:33,947
that he could hardly fail to grasp it."
1023
00:50:46,043 --> 00:50:49,504
It's easy to be carried away
by someone who wants to change the world.
1024
00:50:51,757 --> 00:50:53,008
Someone who won't quit.
1025
00:50:54,634 --> 00:50:56,428
Someone with a brain like Bill's.
1026
00:50:59,181 --> 00:51:00,599
But it's hard not to wonder...
1027
00:51:01,558 --> 00:51:02,809
Is he in too deep?
1028
00:51:04,144 --> 00:51:05,979
Will he ever solve these problems?
1029
00:51:07,147 --> 00:51:09,232
Or will they always be just out of reach?
1030
00:51:16,948 --> 00:51:18,950
Each one of us has to start out
1031
00:51:19,034 --> 00:51:22,704
with developing his or her own definition
of success.
1032
00:51:25,040 --> 00:51:28,794
And when we have these
specific expectations of ourselves,
1033
00:51:29,795 --> 00:51:31,671
we're more likely to live up to them.
1034
00:51:36,551 --> 00:51:40,847
Ultimately, it's not what you get
or even what you give.
1035
00:51:43,934 --> 00:51:45,268
It's what you become.
84241
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