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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:08,140 --> 00:00:10,576 >> A stunning retreat by Russia overnight... 2 00:00:10,609 --> 00:00:12,712 >> Humiliating losses on the battlefields of Kharkiv... 3 00:00:12,745 --> 00:00:14,313 >> Frankly, it's a sign that they are struggling badly 4 00:00:14,346 --> 00:00:15,681 on the Russian side. 5 00:00:15,714 --> 00:00:19,419 >> NARRATOR: At St. George Hall in the Kremlin, 6 00:00:19,452 --> 00:00:20,653 in the midst of a crisis... 7 00:00:20,686 --> 00:00:21,921 >> Russian losses are beginning 8 00:00:21,954 --> 00:00:23,556 to spark criticism of the Russian leader. 9 00:00:23,589 --> 00:00:25,558 >> NARRATOR: ...Russian officials packed the room. 10 00:00:27,393 --> 00:00:29,796 They knew the war in Ukraine was going badly. 11 00:00:29,829 --> 00:00:31,931 >> ...calling his actions "detrimental to Russia's 12 00:00:31,964 --> 00:00:33,332 and its citizens' future." 13 00:00:33,365 --> 00:00:35,835 >> NARRATOR: Their leader was at a critical juncture. 14 00:00:35,868 --> 00:00:37,203 >> (speaking Russian) 15 00:00:43,776 --> 00:00:46,779 (fanfare playing, audience applauding) 16 00:00:46,812 --> 00:00:48,147 >> NARRATOR: Vladimir Putin would make it 17 00:00:48,180 --> 00:00:50,583 clear what his intentions were 18 00:00:50,616 --> 00:00:52,819 and who the enemy really was. 19 00:00:53,519 --> 00:00:59,259 >> (speaking Russian): 20 00:01:04,129 --> 00:01:05,530 >> Vladimir Putin needs to somehow 21 00:01:05,564 --> 00:01:08,768 justify the horrific sacrifices that Russians are making 22 00:01:08,801 --> 00:01:13,005 on his orders by broadening the aperture, 23 00:01:13,038 --> 00:01:14,974 making this about something bigger, 24 00:01:15,007 --> 00:01:17,577 into some kind of conflict with the United States, 25 00:01:17,610 --> 00:01:20,713 with the West, with NATO-- take your pick. 26 00:01:21,447 --> 00:01:26,319 >> (speaking Russian): 27 00:01:26,352 --> 00:01:29,522 >> I think it's a very dangerous moment. 28 00:01:29,555 --> 00:01:31,924 It's a dangerous moment for Ukraine. 29 00:01:31,957 --> 00:01:34,026 I think it's a dangerous moment for Russia, 30 00:01:34,059 --> 00:01:37,396 because it's hard to see 31 00:01:37,429 --> 00:01:40,233 what the pathway forward is. 32 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:43,169 It's a dangerous time. 33 00:01:43,202 --> 00:01:46,672 >> NARRATOR: It was a dramatic escalation, 34 00:01:46,705 --> 00:01:48,741 Putin leaving no doubt 35 00:01:48,774 --> 00:01:51,411 his war was against the United States and the West. 36 00:01:53,212 --> 00:01:57,417 >> (chanting in Russian): 37 00:01:59,418 --> 00:02:04,423 >> NARRATOR: It is a war that he has been waging for years, 38 00:02:04,456 --> 00:02:08,761 confronting five American presidents 39 00:02:08,794 --> 00:02:11,097 on a path that has brought Russia 40 00:02:11,130 --> 00:02:14,000 and the United States to the brink. 41 00:02:22,541 --> 00:02:25,244 >> NARRATOR: It began during the height of the Cold War... 42 00:02:25,277 --> 00:02:28,347 >> There is such change taking place in the communist world. 43 00:02:28,380 --> 00:02:30,516 >> We must take actions 44 00:02:30,549 --> 00:02:32,718 to assist the campaign for democracy. 45 00:02:32,751 --> 00:02:35,788 >> NARRATOR: ...during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. 46 00:02:35,821 --> 00:02:37,890 >> ...Mr. Ronald Reagan. (crowd cheering) 47 00:02:37,923 --> 00:02:40,560 >> Mr. Gorbachev, 48 00:02:40,593 --> 00:02:43,429 tear down this wall. 49 00:02:43,462 --> 00:02:44,430 (crowd cheering) 50 00:02:44,463 --> 00:02:45,631 >> NARRATOR: At the time, 51 00:02:45,664 --> 00:02:48,801 Vladimir Putin was a young KGB officer 52 00:02:48,834 --> 00:02:53,272 stationed in Germany, trained to fight the United States. 53 00:02:53,305 --> 00:02:55,575 >> He wasn't a professional politician. 54 00:02:55,608 --> 00:03:00,379 He was in fact a professional agent for the KGB. 55 00:03:00,412 --> 00:03:03,182 So he would have learned about the West 56 00:03:03,215 --> 00:03:07,220 in the frame of the adversary. 57 00:03:07,253 --> 00:03:09,155 You know, the enemy, 58 00:03:09,188 --> 00:03:12,258 or at least, certainly, all of the reasons 59 00:03:12,291 --> 00:03:14,393 in which there would be to be suspicious about the West. 60 00:03:14,426 --> 00:03:16,829 >> From ABC... 61 00:03:16,862 --> 00:03:17,997 >> NARRATOR: For Lieutenant Colonel Putin, 62 00:03:18,030 --> 00:03:19,398 the collapse of the Soviet Union, 63 00:03:19,431 --> 00:03:22,268 spurred on by an American president, 64 00:03:22,301 --> 00:03:23,836 was a defining moment. 65 00:03:23,869 --> 00:03:25,071 >> ...in the thousands, 66 00:03:25,104 --> 00:03:26,372 they are here in the tens of thousands. 67 00:03:26,405 --> 00:03:27,573 >> Here the feeling is 68 00:03:27,606 --> 00:03:28,975 the end of the Cold War is at hand. 69 00:03:29,008 --> 00:03:30,309 >> You can only imagine 70 00:03:30,342 --> 00:03:33,412 what it must have been like as a young KGB officer. 71 00:03:33,445 --> 00:03:36,315 Your country disappears, 72 00:03:36,348 --> 00:03:38,451 or is in the process of disappearing. 73 00:03:38,484 --> 00:03:41,454 You're there on the front lines. 74 00:03:41,487 --> 00:03:43,389 The Communist Party, obviously, will, 75 00:03:43,422 --> 00:03:46,025 will lose its raison d'être. 76 00:03:46,058 --> 00:03:48,294 And so it must have been devastating. 77 00:03:48,327 --> 00:03:51,397 And I think that must have been a severe blow. 78 00:03:51,430 --> 00:03:53,666 >> As we celebrate Christmas, 79 00:03:53,699 --> 00:03:55,401 this day of peace and hope... 80 00:03:55,434 --> 00:03:59,372 >> NARRATOR: The humiliation at the hands of the U.S. continued, 81 00:03:59,405 --> 00:04:03,309 as the next American president, George H.W. Bush, 82 00:04:03,342 --> 00:04:06,812 declared the end of the Soviet era a triumph. 83 00:04:06,845 --> 00:04:08,781 >> Eastern Europe is free. 84 00:04:08,814 --> 00:04:12,184 The Soviet Union itself is no more. 85 00:04:12,217 --> 00:04:15,454 This is a victory for democracy and freedom. 86 00:04:15,487 --> 00:04:19,725 It's a victory for the moral force of our values. 87 00:04:19,757 --> 00:04:21,293 >> Vladimir Putin sees 88 00:04:21,327 --> 00:04:24,630 American talk of human rights, democracy, freedom 89 00:04:24,663 --> 00:04:26,699 as a cynical fig leaf, 90 00:04:26,732 --> 00:04:29,402 something that the U.S. uses to cover itself 91 00:04:29,435 --> 00:04:34,373 as it cynically pursues its interests across the globe, 92 00:04:34,406 --> 00:04:37,977 as it pushes its agenda across the globe. 93 00:04:40,713 --> 00:04:42,081 (fanfare playing) 94 00:04:42,114 --> 00:04:45,451 >> Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. 95 00:04:45,484 --> 00:04:46,719 >> In Moscow today, 96 00:04:46,752 --> 00:04:49,388 an unprecedented peaceful passing of power... 97 00:04:49,421 --> 00:04:50,890 >> (speaking Russian) 98 00:04:50,923 --> 00:04:53,826 >> NARRATOR: As he ascended to the presidency, 99 00:04:53,859 --> 00:04:55,328 Vladimir Putin was determined 100 00:04:55,361 --> 00:04:58,264 to restore Russian strength and empire. 101 00:04:58,297 --> 00:04:59,465 >> Russians are looking for a strong hand 102 00:04:59,498 --> 00:05:01,500 to lead their country. 103 00:05:01,533 --> 00:05:04,737 Vladimir Putin, it appears, is their man. 104 00:05:04,770 --> 00:05:08,674 >> He came to see himself as almost ordained 105 00:05:08,707 --> 00:05:10,476 to lead Russia at this moment 106 00:05:10,509 --> 00:05:13,212 and to lead Russia back to, to greatness. 107 00:05:13,245 --> 00:05:15,014 >> (speaking Russian) 108 00:05:15,047 --> 00:05:17,049 >> If that is your ordained mission, 109 00:05:17,082 --> 00:05:21,020 then there aren't a lot of limits on the means 110 00:05:21,053 --> 00:05:23,723 you can use to achieve that goal. 111 00:05:25,491 --> 00:05:26,992 >> President Clinton arrived in Moscow 112 00:05:27,025 --> 00:05:29,228 carrying a message of cooperation. 113 00:05:29,261 --> 00:05:31,163 >> NARRATOR: As president, Putin carried 114 00:05:31,196 --> 00:05:33,332 his simmering grievance with the United States 115 00:05:33,365 --> 00:05:36,001 into his first meeting with President Bill Clinton. 116 00:05:36,034 --> 00:05:37,603 >> Arriving at the Kremlin 117 00:05:37,636 --> 00:05:40,606 for their first presidential encounter, both leaders want... 118 00:05:40,639 --> 00:05:44,944 >> President Clinton wanted to get a little bit of a feel. 119 00:05:44,977 --> 00:05:48,347 He wanted to meet him in the, in the Kremlin as president. 120 00:05:48,380 --> 00:05:51,050 >> Two presidents, one near the end of his term, 121 00:05:51,083 --> 00:05:52,518 the other beginning a new era... 122 00:05:52,551 --> 00:05:54,353 >> NARRATOR: Putin was wary of the American president, 123 00:05:54,386 --> 00:05:56,622 who had championed the spread of liberalization 124 00:05:56,655 --> 00:05:58,924 and democracy in Russia. 125 00:05:58,957 --> 00:06:02,528 >> Putin conveys a huge amount through body language. 126 00:06:02,561 --> 00:06:06,532 He tries to show you that he's the alpha male in the room 127 00:06:06,565 --> 00:06:09,101 through the way he spreads his legs, 128 00:06:09,134 --> 00:06:10,870 through the way he slouches a bit in his chair, 129 00:06:10,903 --> 00:06:14,073 through the way that he will 130 00:06:14,106 --> 00:06:16,842 look at people and kind of give them 131 00:06:16,875 --> 00:06:18,911 a dismissive hand wave. 132 00:06:18,944 --> 00:06:21,180 >> His first meeting with Clinton, he was a cold fish. 133 00:06:21,213 --> 00:06:23,949 He had no interest in dealing with Clinton. 134 00:06:23,982 --> 00:06:26,552 Clinton felt insulted and rebuffed. 135 00:06:26,585 --> 00:06:27,953 Putin didn't want to have anything to do with Clinton. 136 00:06:27,986 --> 00:06:32,057 >> If Mr. Clinton was hoping for a foreign policy triumph, 137 00:06:32,090 --> 00:06:33,492 he won't get it here. 138 00:06:33,525 --> 00:06:34,960 >> NARRATOR: Later that day, 139 00:06:34,993 --> 00:06:38,197 Clinton received a warmer reception from Putin's mentor, 140 00:06:38,230 --> 00:06:40,833 Boris Yeltsin. 141 00:06:40,866 --> 00:06:44,370 And he issued a warning about the new Russian president. 142 00:06:44,403 --> 00:06:49,408 >> Bill Clinton looked hard into Yeltsin's eyes and said, 143 00:06:49,441 --> 00:06:53,279 "I'm a little bit concerned about this young man 144 00:06:53,312 --> 00:06:57,783 "that you have turned over the presidency to. 145 00:06:57,816 --> 00:07:01,287 He doesn't have democracy in his heart." 146 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:06,525 And he reached over and poked him in his heart. 147 00:07:06,558 --> 00:07:10,863 And I will never forget the, 148 00:07:10,896 --> 00:07:15,468 the expression that came over Yeltsin. 149 00:07:15,501 --> 00:07:19,605 I think it really shook Yeltsin a bit. 150 00:07:21,039 --> 00:07:22,675 >> ...Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. 151 00:07:22,708 --> 00:07:25,277 >> NARRATOR: But in front of the cameras, 152 00:07:25,310 --> 00:07:27,112 Clinton walked a careful line, 153 00:07:27,145 --> 00:07:30,316 not revealing his concerns about Putin. 154 00:07:32,351 --> 00:07:34,453 >> If you want to know what my personal assessment is, 155 00:07:34,486 --> 00:07:37,823 I think he is fully capable 156 00:07:37,856 --> 00:07:39,959 of building a prosperous, strong Russia, 157 00:07:39,992 --> 00:07:45,064 while preserving freedom and pluralism and the rule of law. 158 00:07:45,097 --> 00:07:46,799 It's a big challenge. 159 00:07:46,832 --> 00:07:49,902 I think he's fully capable of doing it. 160 00:07:49,935 --> 00:07:51,937 >> NARRATOR: But from the start, 161 00:07:51,970 --> 00:07:56,876 Clinton's private fears about Putin were being realized. 162 00:07:56,909 --> 00:07:58,911 >> (echoing): Ura! 163 00:07:58,944 --> 00:08:00,546 (crowd applauding) 164 00:08:00,579 --> 00:08:02,548 ("State Anthem of the Russian Federation" begins) 165 00:08:02,581 --> 00:08:05,618 (singing in Russian) 166 00:08:05,651 --> 00:08:08,187 >> From the very beginning, 167 00:08:08,220 --> 00:08:11,257 you saw in Putin somebody who didn't have 168 00:08:11,290 --> 00:08:13,459 the values of the West. 169 00:08:13,492 --> 00:08:17,963 Piece by piece, he is dismantling the structures 170 00:08:17,996 --> 00:08:19,832 of democracy, fragile though they were, 171 00:08:19,865 --> 00:08:21,233 that had been put in place, 172 00:08:21,266 --> 00:08:23,602 and reconsolidating control in the Kremlin. 173 00:08:23,635 --> 00:08:26,438 That's not a Westernizer. 174 00:08:26,471 --> 00:08:29,608 That's not a democrat, small D. 175 00:08:29,641 --> 00:08:31,443 That's an old-fashioned Russian autocrat that we saw, 176 00:08:31,476 --> 00:08:35,180 and should have seen from the very beginning. 177 00:08:35,212 --> 00:08:37,882 >> Literally, one of the closest elections in American history. 178 00:08:37,916 --> 00:08:40,185 >> NARRATOR: It was the start of a new presidency in the U.S. 179 00:08:40,217 --> 00:08:41,619 >> ...electoral votes will go to George W. Bush, 180 00:08:41,653 --> 00:08:43,022 the governor of Texas. 181 00:08:43,054 --> 00:08:44,456 >> NARRATOR: And the winner had expressed optimism 182 00:08:44,489 --> 00:08:46,659 about being able to get along with Putin. 183 00:08:46,692 --> 00:08:49,228 >> ...big Texas howdy to the new president of the United States. 184 00:08:49,261 --> 00:08:54,166 >> I look forward to working with, you know, Mr. Putin, 185 00:08:54,199 --> 00:08:56,402 and explaining my point of view, 186 00:08:56,435 --> 00:08:59,705 and my attitude about the post-Cold War era. 187 00:08:59,738 --> 00:09:00,706 I'm going to look him right in the eye and say, 188 00:09:00,739 --> 00:09:02,207 "You're no longer the enemy. 189 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:06,478 "And we're not your enemy-- surely we can work together. 190 00:09:06,511 --> 00:09:08,414 "We're a peaceful nation, 191 00:09:08,447 --> 00:09:09,982 and that we look forward to working together..." 192 00:09:10,015 --> 00:09:11,750 >> Putin saw in President Bush 193 00:09:11,783 --> 00:09:14,587 someone that he could do business with. 194 00:09:14,620 --> 00:09:19,325 He was seeking a new great power relationship, 195 00:09:19,358 --> 00:09:23,095 that President Bush could be a leader who he could work with 196 00:09:23,128 --> 00:09:26,031 to redefine the international system. 197 00:09:26,064 --> 00:09:29,168 >> NARRATOR: Putin's early moves consolidating power 198 00:09:29,201 --> 00:09:34,039 and his past as a KGB agent didn't deter the Bush team. 199 00:09:34,072 --> 00:09:37,276 >> Didn't bother me that Putin was KGB. 200 00:09:37,309 --> 00:09:39,945 In the KGB, you were taught to think for yourself. 201 00:09:39,978 --> 00:09:42,915 So actually, that struck us as an opportunity. 202 00:09:42,948 --> 00:09:45,384 I, I don't think anybody was looking at this 203 00:09:45,417 --> 00:09:46,619 through rose-colored glasses, 204 00:09:46,652 --> 00:09:48,854 but we thought, at the strategic level, 205 00:09:48,887 --> 00:09:53,459 there were real opportunities to work together. 206 00:09:53,492 --> 00:09:55,995 >> President George Bush has called for a new approach... 207 00:09:56,028 --> 00:09:57,863 >> NARRATOR: The two presidents would size each other up... 208 00:09:57,896 --> 00:09:59,431 >> A meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin... 209 00:09:59,464 --> 00:10:00,499 >> NARRATOR: ...at a summit 210 00:10:00,532 --> 00:10:03,802 in the former communist state of Slovenia. 211 00:10:03,835 --> 00:10:05,004 >> This is more about the president and Putin 212 00:10:05,037 --> 00:10:07,840 developing a personal relationship... 213 00:10:07,873 --> 00:10:11,210 >> Vladimir Putin, as someone who had, 214 00:10:11,243 --> 00:10:15,547 I'm sure, a very thick dossier on President Bush, was trying 215 00:10:15,580 --> 00:10:18,250 to find his weaknesses, 216 00:10:18,283 --> 00:10:21,654 appeal to his personality traits. 217 00:10:21,687 --> 00:10:25,691 >> NARRATOR: Putin went for Bush's strong Christian faith. 218 00:10:25,724 --> 00:10:28,394 >> President Putin told President Bush 219 00:10:28,427 --> 00:10:30,863 about the time his dacha burned down, 220 00:10:30,896 --> 00:10:34,133 and a religious medallion, which had belonged to his mother 221 00:10:34,166 --> 00:10:36,035 which had gotten lost, 222 00:10:36,068 --> 00:10:39,672 and he thought this was irretrievably gone, 223 00:10:39,705 --> 00:10:42,007 and then a fireman brought him this 224 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:43,842 kind of almost like a holy relic. 225 00:10:43,875 --> 00:10:46,311 It was a very affecting, emotional story 226 00:10:46,344 --> 00:10:49,515 and had some effect on President Bush. 227 00:10:52,084 --> 00:10:53,919 >> Question to President Bush. 228 00:10:53,952 --> 00:10:55,788 Is this a man that Americans can trust? 229 00:10:55,821 --> 00:10:58,390 >> I'll answer the question: I looked the man in the eye. 230 00:10:58,423 --> 00:11:00,659 I found him to be very straightforward. 231 00:11:00,692 --> 00:11:05,564 I was able to, uh, get a sense of his soul. 232 00:11:05,597 --> 00:11:08,033 He's a man deeply committed to his country 233 00:11:08,066 --> 00:11:10,569 and the best interests of his country. 234 00:11:10,602 --> 00:11:13,272 >> And Bush gives that line, right? 235 00:11:13,305 --> 00:11:17,543 That "I looked into his eyes and got a sense of his soul." 236 00:11:17,576 --> 00:11:20,713 And we go, "Uh-oh." 237 00:11:20,746 --> 00:11:24,917 And Condi does her version of not comfortable. 238 00:11:24,950 --> 00:11:27,853 She just reacts, just for a second. 239 00:11:27,886 --> 00:11:29,588 >> NARRATOR: For the moment, 240 00:11:29,621 --> 00:11:32,791 Putin had won over the American president. 241 00:11:32,824 --> 00:11:35,527 >> He was trained not to reveal 242 00:11:35,560 --> 00:11:38,764 his, so to say, soul, if he has any. 243 00:11:39,965 --> 00:11:43,335 His life experience didn't allow him 244 00:11:43,368 --> 00:11:47,239 to reveal any inner him, any true him, 245 00:11:47,272 --> 00:11:51,877 to any representative of the West. 246 00:11:52,911 --> 00:11:58,050 West, for him, remains to be the enemy. 247 00:11:58,083 --> 00:11:59,918 And United States, 248 00:11:59,951 --> 00:12:04,290 as the leader of the West, is the enemy number one. 249 00:12:08,860 --> 00:12:11,697 >> The countdown to war, it appears, is now underway. 250 00:12:11,730 --> 00:12:13,098 >> NARRATOR: And soon, 251 00:12:13,131 --> 00:12:15,601 more fuel for Putin's grievance with the U.S. 252 00:12:15,634 --> 00:12:16,602 >> ...U.S.-led attack on Iraq... 253 00:12:16,635 --> 00:12:19,138 >> NARRATOR: The Iraq War. 254 00:12:19,171 --> 00:12:21,440 >> America at war-- tonight, shock and awe. 255 00:12:21,473 --> 00:12:22,641 >> NARRATOR: Regime change at the hands 256 00:12:22,674 --> 00:12:23,942 of the Bush administration. 257 00:12:23,975 --> 00:12:26,111 >> The Stars and Stripes have come to town. 258 00:12:26,144 --> 00:12:30,115 Saddam Hussein's reign of terror is over. 259 00:12:30,148 --> 00:12:34,119 >> The Iraq War was absolutely a turning point 260 00:12:34,152 --> 00:12:36,855 and a very significant moment of rupture 261 00:12:36,888 --> 00:12:39,424 in the relationship between Putin 262 00:12:39,457 --> 00:12:41,460 and President Bush. 263 00:12:41,493 --> 00:12:43,862 >> NARRATOR: For Putin, echoes of the final days 264 00:12:43,895 --> 00:12:46,131 of the Soviet Union. 265 00:12:46,164 --> 00:12:50,435 >> The tyrant has fallen and Iraq is free. 266 00:12:50,468 --> 00:12:52,704 And everywhere that freedom stirs, 267 00:12:52,737 --> 00:12:57,209 let tyrants fear. 268 00:12:57,242 --> 00:13:01,847 >> An adventure like the Iraq War shows him 269 00:13:01,880 --> 00:13:04,750 that, "Look, they'll, they'll just come in, 270 00:13:04,783 --> 00:13:06,785 "and they'll just take out a government, 271 00:13:06,818 --> 00:13:08,887 and think nothing of it." 272 00:13:08,920 --> 00:13:13,526 And that's not the way he wanted the world to work. 273 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:18,197 >> And it is both our responsibility and our privilege 274 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:20,833 to fight freedom's fight. 275 00:13:20,866 --> 00:13:22,234 (audience applauding) 276 00:13:22,267 --> 00:13:24,803 >> NARRATOR: Bush called it the Freedom Agenda, 277 00:13:24,836 --> 00:13:29,174 a plan to export American democracy around the world. 278 00:13:29,207 --> 00:13:32,377 Putin saw it as a direct threat 279 00:13:32,410 --> 00:13:35,948 to his own plan to restore Russian greatness. 280 00:13:35,981 --> 00:13:38,083 >> Vladimir Putin concluded that the United States, 281 00:13:38,116 --> 00:13:40,285 when possible, would use its power and leverage 282 00:13:40,318 --> 00:13:43,188 to depose leaders that it did not agree with. 283 00:13:43,221 --> 00:13:45,357 And from Vladimir Putin's perspective, 284 00:13:45,390 --> 00:13:48,360 that was an existential threat. 285 00:13:48,393 --> 00:13:50,629 >> The Bush Doctrine is spreading freedom 286 00:13:50,662 --> 00:13:51,964 around the world... 287 00:13:51,997 --> 00:13:54,199 >> NARRATOR: Under Bush, that threat was extending 288 00:13:54,232 --> 00:13:55,667 to Putin's own backyard. 289 00:13:55,700 --> 00:13:57,369 >> ...possibility around the world to extend freedom... 290 00:13:57,402 --> 00:14:01,039 >> NARRATOR: Popular uprisings in former Soviet republics. 291 00:14:01,072 --> 00:14:03,375 >> Bush really believes that democracy 292 00:14:03,408 --> 00:14:05,577 can be planted almost anywhere. 293 00:14:05,610 --> 00:14:10,215 >> Americans respect your courageous choice for liberty. 294 00:14:10,248 --> 00:14:13,452 The American people will stand with you. 295 00:14:13,485 --> 00:14:15,954 >> Putin concluded that these 296 00:14:15,987 --> 00:14:18,257 were efforts by the United States 297 00:14:18,290 --> 00:14:20,425 and our intelligence services 298 00:14:20,458 --> 00:14:25,197 to in fact install in these neighboring countries 299 00:14:25,230 --> 00:14:29,468 regimes that would be anti-Russian. 300 00:14:29,501 --> 00:14:31,336 >> NARRATOR: Putin had seen enough. 301 00:14:31,369 --> 00:14:33,973 He would fight back. 302 00:14:35,073 --> 00:14:37,509 >> Russian President Vladimir Putin 303 00:14:37,542 --> 00:14:39,912 is speaking at an international conference in Germany... 304 00:14:39,945 --> 00:14:43,115 >> NARRATOR: He'd do it in Munich, Germany, 305 00:14:43,148 --> 00:14:45,817 issuing a warning to America and the world. 306 00:14:45,850 --> 00:14:47,686 >> (speaking German) 307 00:14:47,719 --> 00:14:50,255 >> And so he comes to the security conference in Munich 308 00:14:50,288 --> 00:14:51,423 and says, basically, 309 00:14:51,456 --> 00:14:52,858 "I don't have to mince words, do I? 310 00:14:52,891 --> 00:14:55,594 I can say what's on my mind." 311 00:14:55,627 --> 00:14:58,330 And then he, he just lashes out, 312 00:14:58,363 --> 00:15:00,232 and he lists all these resentments. 313 00:15:00,265 --> 00:15:02,902 >> (speaking Russian): 314 00:15:17,048 --> 00:15:18,183 >> My head snapped. 315 00:15:18,216 --> 00:15:21,119 It was so searing and blunt, 316 00:15:21,152 --> 00:15:23,856 and I, I felt... 317 00:15:25,256 --> 00:15:28,393 This was the real guy. 318 00:15:28,426 --> 00:15:30,329 >> (speaking Russian): 319 00:15:37,769 --> 00:15:38,971 >> Putin echoed Cold War rhetoric 320 00:15:39,004 --> 00:15:41,640 by accusing the U.S. of making the world unsafe. 321 00:15:41,673 --> 00:15:44,409 >> Premier Vladimir Putin left no doubt 322 00:15:44,442 --> 00:15:48,747 who he sees as responsible for the current global crisis... 323 00:15:48,780 --> 00:15:50,582 >> Putin clearly in this speech 324 00:15:50,615 --> 00:15:53,685 was drawing a line and saying, 325 00:15:53,718 --> 00:15:56,254 "We're not going to try anymore. 326 00:15:56,287 --> 00:15:57,622 "We're just giving up on you. 327 00:15:57,655 --> 00:15:59,257 "And we're going to make our own world 328 00:15:59,290 --> 00:16:01,760 in which we are the master." 329 00:16:01,793 --> 00:16:03,695 >> It's one of Putin's harshest attacks on America 330 00:16:03,728 --> 00:16:05,230 in his seven-year term. 331 00:16:05,263 --> 00:16:07,132 >> After that speech, 332 00:16:07,165 --> 00:16:12,304 we saw the first long-range nuclear bombers by Russia. 333 00:16:12,337 --> 00:16:15,440 We saw the devastating cyber attack 334 00:16:15,473 --> 00:16:18,243 in Estonia in 2007. 335 00:16:18,276 --> 00:16:21,313 We were starting to see steps taken 336 00:16:21,346 --> 00:16:24,916 that represented a Russian assertiveness 337 00:16:24,949 --> 00:16:27,886 that we had not seen. 338 00:16:27,919 --> 00:16:31,623 We did not necessarily understand that 2007 is the date 339 00:16:31,656 --> 00:16:36,661 where he wanted to stop that democratic encroachment. 340 00:16:36,694 --> 00:16:39,731 >> The leaders of NATO begin a two-day summit today... 341 00:16:39,764 --> 00:16:41,500 >> It's been six years since the establishment 342 00:16:41,533 --> 00:16:43,101 of the NATO-Russia Council... 343 00:16:43,134 --> 00:16:45,604 >> NARRATOR: But Bush ignored Putin's warning. 344 00:16:45,637 --> 00:16:46,872 >> The decisions taken by this summit 345 00:16:46,905 --> 00:16:48,874 will affect the future of the alliance. 346 00:16:48,907 --> 00:16:50,675 >> NARRATOR: Ratcheting up the conflict-- 347 00:16:50,708 --> 00:16:52,811 encouraging Georgia and Ukraine, 348 00:16:52,844 --> 00:16:55,514 two former Soviet republics, to join NATO. 349 00:16:55,547 --> 00:16:59,017 >> I must make clear that NATO welcomes the aspirations 350 00:16:59,050 --> 00:17:01,553 of Georgia and Ukraine for their membership in NATO. 351 00:17:01,586 --> 00:17:04,022 (people calling out) 352 00:17:04,055 --> 00:17:06,291 >> The Russians were obviously very, very concerned 353 00:17:06,324 --> 00:17:08,627 that the Bush administration 354 00:17:08,660 --> 00:17:11,696 was moving towards allowing 355 00:17:11,729 --> 00:17:14,033 both Georgia and Ukraine to get into NATO. 356 00:17:15,500 --> 00:17:18,036 Which was, for them, a huge red line. 357 00:17:18,069 --> 00:17:21,339 >> NARRATOR: Putin rushed to Bucharest to confront Bush. 358 00:17:21,372 --> 00:17:24,042 >> There's this amazing moment. 359 00:17:24,075 --> 00:17:27,212 Putin shows up early and crashes the dinner 360 00:17:27,244 --> 00:17:29,047 with the NATO members. 361 00:17:29,080 --> 00:17:32,117 He has basically shown up as the skunk in the garden 362 00:17:32,150 --> 00:17:36,421 and challenging them for, for what they've done. 363 00:17:36,454 --> 00:17:40,459 >> NARRATOR: In a meeting later, Putin was adamant to Bush. 364 00:17:40,492 --> 00:17:42,594 Georgia and especially Ukraine 365 00:17:42,627 --> 00:17:45,197 were in his sphere of influence. 366 00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:49,201 >> He leaned over and said, "Ukraine is not a real country." 367 00:17:49,234 --> 00:17:51,736 He had no respect for the sovereignty 368 00:17:51,769 --> 00:17:54,139 of the Ukrainian people. 369 00:17:54,172 --> 00:17:56,308 We should have seen it earlier. 370 00:17:56,341 --> 00:17:58,877 Maybe we didn't want to see it, but if we... 371 00:17:58,910 --> 00:18:01,346 It was clear, if we wanted to see it, 372 00:18:01,379 --> 00:18:04,749 the direction that President Putin was going. 373 00:18:04,782 --> 00:18:07,018 >> NARRATOR: Putin made it clear 374 00:18:07,051 --> 00:18:11,123 he wouldn't accept Bush's plan for Georgia and Ukraine. 375 00:18:11,156 --> 00:18:15,660 >> It basically waved the red flag in front of the bull. 376 00:18:15,693 --> 00:18:18,763 It was extremely provocative for Russia. 377 00:18:18,796 --> 00:18:23,068 It provoked Russia and made Russia angry. 378 00:18:25,103 --> 00:18:28,607 >> NARRATOR: Just four months later, Putin attacked Georgia. 379 00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:31,476 >> Russian troops backed by tanks and armored vehicles... 380 00:18:31,509 --> 00:18:34,079 >> The Russians were prepared, 381 00:18:34,112 --> 00:18:36,515 and perhaps even eager, for a conflict with Georgia. 382 00:18:36,548 --> 00:18:38,250 >> There appears to be little to stop the troops... 383 00:18:38,283 --> 00:18:39,451 >> And part of that was motivated by, 384 00:18:39,484 --> 00:18:41,286 "We're going to show the Georgians 385 00:18:41,319 --> 00:18:44,322 that getting too close to NATO has a price." 386 00:18:44,355 --> 00:18:46,191 >> Russian planes again bombing... 387 00:18:46,224 --> 00:18:50,028 >> NARRATOR: Putin seized and held nearly 5,000 square miles 388 00:18:50,061 --> 00:18:51,630 of Georgian territory. 389 00:18:51,663 --> 00:18:53,231 >> And another town is burning, more civilians 390 00:18:53,264 --> 00:18:54,232 have been killed... 391 00:18:54,265 --> 00:18:55,567 >> From Putin's point of view, 392 00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:57,569 this wasn't just about Georgia. 393 00:18:57,602 --> 00:18:59,571 >> A fierce battle broke out today on the fringe... 394 00:18:59,604 --> 00:19:01,540 >> This was about Ukraine, this was about 395 00:19:01,573 --> 00:19:02,574 what he saw to be the West's interest 396 00:19:03,875 --> 00:19:05,277 in, you know, 397 00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:07,979 eventual expansion of NATO, potentially, to include 398 00:19:08,012 --> 00:19:09,681 Ukraine and Georgia. 399 00:19:09,714 --> 00:19:12,184 >> Some of those Georgian soldiers were saying, 400 00:19:12,217 --> 00:19:13,752 "Where is the United States?" 401 00:19:13,785 --> 00:19:15,120 >> NARRATOR: As the war broke out, 402 00:19:15,153 --> 00:19:17,889 Vladimir Putin and George W. Bush happened to be 403 00:19:17,922 --> 00:19:20,759 at the Olympics in Beijing. 404 00:19:20,792 --> 00:19:23,161 >> Bush finds himself at the Olympics 405 00:19:23,194 --> 00:19:27,265 sitting in the same row as Putin. 406 00:19:27,298 --> 00:19:29,768 He has his wife, Laura, and the king of Cambodia move aside 407 00:19:29,801 --> 00:19:32,704 so he can sit next to Putin and talk about it. 408 00:19:32,737 --> 00:19:33,839 But he knows the cameras are on him. 409 00:19:35,974 --> 00:19:38,710 So he's trying not to make it a big visible confrontation. 410 00:19:38,743 --> 00:19:42,147 But he's telling Putin, "What are you doing here? 411 00:19:42,180 --> 00:19:46,184 This is not right-- you can't be doing this." 412 00:19:46,217 --> 00:19:49,254 And Putin is basically telling him to butt out. 413 00:19:52,857 --> 00:19:55,660 >> NARRATOR: The president who had looked into Putin's soul 414 00:19:55,693 --> 00:19:57,596 had now reached a different conclusion 415 00:19:57,629 --> 00:20:02,000 about just who Vladimir Putin was. 416 00:20:02,033 --> 00:20:04,269 >> I remember the president saying, you know, 417 00:20:04,302 --> 00:20:06,705 "I don't know how, but we've lost him." 418 00:20:06,738 --> 00:20:08,807 Putin was going in a different direction. 419 00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:11,376 And there was little that the administration, 420 00:20:11,409 --> 00:20:13,211 in President Bush's mind, could do 421 00:20:13,244 --> 00:20:16,781 to put Putin back on that course. 422 00:20:16,814 --> 00:20:18,950 >> NARRATOR: Nearing the end of his presidency, 423 00:20:18,983 --> 00:20:21,820 Bush would leave the increasing conflict with Putin 424 00:20:21,853 --> 00:20:24,322 to his successor. 425 00:20:24,355 --> 00:20:26,992 >> They let Vladimir Putin, arguably, get away with it 426 00:20:27,025 --> 00:20:29,027 in Georgia. 427 00:20:29,060 --> 00:20:32,063 One message that Putin clearly takes from that 428 00:20:32,096 --> 00:20:34,366 in hindsight is that he is 429 00:20:34,399 --> 00:20:37,202 able to use the military 430 00:20:37,235 --> 00:20:40,005 as a tool of achieving his political ends 431 00:20:40,038 --> 00:20:42,340 outside the borders of Russia, 432 00:20:42,373 --> 00:20:46,411 and that the West will complain and lecture, 433 00:20:46,444 --> 00:20:49,881 but basically will let him get away with it. 434 00:20:49,914 --> 00:20:51,683 That's a terrible message, 435 00:20:51,716 --> 00:20:56,121 and I think it is the prologue for the Ukraine disaster. 436 00:20:59,023 --> 00:21:02,127 >> All Americans can celebrate, red or blue, Black or White... 437 00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:03,495 >> ...first African American president 438 00:21:03,528 --> 00:21:04,763 of the United States... 439 00:21:04,796 --> 00:21:05,930 >> President Obama is set to land in Russia... 440 00:21:05,963 --> 00:21:07,098 >> NARRATOR: Less than a year later, 441 00:21:07,131 --> 00:21:09,868 Vladimir Putin would meet newly elected 442 00:21:09,901 --> 00:21:11,836 Barack Obama face to face. 443 00:21:11,869 --> 00:21:13,772 >> President Obama has a big meeting ahead... 444 00:21:13,805 --> 00:21:15,940 >> NARRATOR: Sizing up his third American president. 445 00:21:15,973 --> 00:21:18,510 >> Shadows of the Cold War will loom over his summit... 446 00:21:18,543 --> 00:21:21,880 >> I remember their first meeting in July of 2009 447 00:21:21,913 --> 00:21:24,850 at Putin's dacha, you know, just outside Moscow. 448 00:21:26,851 --> 00:21:28,520 They're much different personalities. 449 00:21:28,553 --> 00:21:31,122 President Obama's initial question, 450 00:21:31,155 --> 00:21:35,327 about ten seconds, led to a 45-minute, you know, monologue 451 00:21:35,360 --> 00:21:37,962 by Putin. 452 00:21:37,995 --> 00:21:41,733 >> Putin is extraordinarily calm, matter-of-fact. 453 00:21:41,766 --> 00:21:43,234 He doesn't get ruffled. 454 00:21:43,267 --> 00:21:45,236 He may say hard things, 455 00:21:45,269 --> 00:21:48,707 but he says them in a very calm, almost matter-of-fact way. 456 00:21:48,740 --> 00:21:52,277 Unfortunately, President Putin simply speaks 457 00:21:52,310 --> 00:21:55,113 mistruth after mistruth and tries to misinform. 458 00:21:55,146 --> 00:21:58,817 But he does it as easily as he breathes. 459 00:21:58,850 --> 00:22:01,786 >> Putin obviously did not respect him. 460 00:22:01,819 --> 00:22:04,823 Putin looked at the United States, 461 00:22:04,856 --> 00:22:06,725 and I think it surprised him that a Black man 462 00:22:06,758 --> 00:22:08,960 would be elected president of the United States. 463 00:22:08,993 --> 00:22:12,431 I think that was a, that was a surprise to him. 464 00:22:13,831 --> 00:22:16,901 And, who knows, I think there well could be just 465 00:22:16,934 --> 00:22:19,904 an element of flat-out racism. 466 00:22:19,937 --> 00:22:26,277 That he somehow thought Obama was not his equal. 467 00:22:26,310 --> 00:22:30,148 That Obama did not deserve to be treated as his equal. 468 00:22:31,849 --> 00:22:35,053 >> Clearly the relationship is not quite as warm as maybe 469 00:22:35,086 --> 00:22:36,054 he has with other... 470 00:22:36,087 --> 00:22:37,322 >> NARRATOR: Leaving Russia, 471 00:22:37,355 --> 00:22:39,424 the new president had another way to deal 472 00:22:39,457 --> 00:22:41,393 with the problem of Vladimir Putin. 473 00:22:41,426 --> 00:22:43,762 >> Putin gave him an hourlong lecture, 474 00:22:43,795 --> 00:22:45,897 and I don't think Obama likes to be lectured. 475 00:22:45,930 --> 00:22:47,198 That was a real clash of the egos there. 476 00:22:47,231 --> 00:22:49,267 >> President Obama has gotten to Moscow, 477 00:22:49,300 --> 00:22:52,437 and Putin is not buying it, and Putin is still in charge. 478 00:22:52,470 --> 00:22:53,538 >> NARRATOR: He gave the Putin file 479 00:22:53,571 --> 00:22:56,641 to his vice president, Joe Biden. 480 00:22:56,674 --> 00:22:58,042 >> Biden sometimes joked 481 00:22:58,075 --> 00:23:00,512 that his job as vice president was to do the things 482 00:23:00,545 --> 00:23:02,080 that Obama didn't want to do, 483 00:23:02,113 --> 00:23:04,316 and that does include the subject of Russia. 484 00:23:05,383 --> 00:23:06,918 And here's Joe Biden, 485 00:23:06,951 --> 00:23:11,656 who's been talking about Russian issues since 1973, 486 00:23:11,689 --> 00:23:15,894 and they said, "All right, Joe Biden, this is your issue." 487 00:23:15,927 --> 00:23:17,829 >> NARRATOR: A senator over four decades 488 00:23:17,862 --> 00:23:21,599 and chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, 489 00:23:21,632 --> 00:23:26,070 Biden, like Putin, had been shaped by the Cold War. 490 00:23:26,103 --> 00:23:28,139 >> Speaking for myself, I don't trust the Soviets. 491 00:23:28,172 --> 00:23:30,408 I don't trust them to do anything 492 00:23:30,441 --> 00:23:33,378 short of what they can get away with. 493 00:23:33,411 --> 00:23:36,948 >> The paradigm through which he saw Putin 494 00:23:36,981 --> 00:23:39,551 was similar to the paradigm through which he viewed 495 00:23:39,584 --> 00:23:42,053 the other authoritarian leaders. 496 00:23:42,086 --> 00:23:44,155 He saw them as thugs. 497 00:23:44,188 --> 00:23:47,692 >> I caution against being excessively optimistic 498 00:23:47,725 --> 00:23:50,529 about Mr. Putin and his intentions. 499 00:23:53,865 --> 00:23:55,400 >> NARRATOR: Now as vice president, 500 00:23:55,433 --> 00:23:58,770 Biden traveled to Moscow to meet with Putin. 501 00:24:00,605 --> 00:24:03,308 The two men smiled for the cameras, 502 00:24:03,341 --> 00:24:07,446 but later, things were different. 503 00:24:09,313 --> 00:24:11,316 Putin argumentative. 504 00:24:12,550 --> 00:24:14,886 Biden wary. 505 00:24:14,919 --> 00:24:16,554 >> It's a seminal meeting in part 506 00:24:16,587 --> 00:24:19,791 because of the mythology that is created out of it. 507 00:24:19,824 --> 00:24:23,261 It's kind of like a marker being put down, I think, 508 00:24:23,294 --> 00:24:26,130 between two men who ultimately would find themselves 509 00:24:26,163 --> 00:24:30,001 in this great clash that we're in today. 510 00:24:30,034 --> 00:24:31,369 >> NARRATOR: Biden would write about the moment 511 00:24:31,402 --> 00:24:33,705 in his autobiography. 512 00:24:33,738 --> 00:24:35,507 >> It was long and contentious. 513 00:24:35,540 --> 00:24:38,710 Putin was ice-cold calm throughout, 514 00:24:38,743 --> 00:24:41,513 but argumentative from the start to finish. 515 00:24:42,747 --> 00:24:46,017 >> Well, I was there with, with then-Vice President Biden. 516 00:24:46,050 --> 00:24:50,889 The message that, that he's sending is, um... 517 00:24:50,922 --> 00:24:53,725 "Let's not, um, we're not here to kid each other. 518 00:24:53,758 --> 00:24:58,563 We need to speak clearly, we need to speak directly." 519 00:24:58,596 --> 00:25:01,366 >> "I'm looking into your eyes," I told him, smiling. 520 00:25:01,399 --> 00:25:03,835 "I don't think you have a soul." 521 00:25:03,868 --> 00:25:07,105 He looked at me for a second and smiled back. 522 00:25:07,138 --> 00:25:09,474 "We understand each other," he said. 523 00:25:09,507 --> 00:25:11,109 And we did. 524 00:25:11,142 --> 00:25:14,145 >> When Biden said that to me, I hadn't heard it before, 525 00:25:14,178 --> 00:25:19,284 and my immediate reaction was, "This sounds like a movie line. 526 00:25:19,317 --> 00:25:21,519 Is that what really happened?" 527 00:25:21,552 --> 00:25:23,955 And he said, "Absolutely, positively. 528 00:25:23,988 --> 00:25:28,459 That's who this guy is." 529 00:25:28,492 --> 00:25:29,928 >> NARRATOR: And Biden wasn't done. 530 00:25:29,961 --> 00:25:31,529 In front of students, 531 00:25:31,562 --> 00:25:35,066 he urged the Russian people to stand up to Putin's regime. 532 00:25:40,304 --> 00:25:43,741 So, I urge all you students here, 533 00:25:43,774 --> 00:25:48,780 don't compromise on the basic elements of democracy. 534 00:25:48,813 --> 00:25:53,117 You need not make that Faustian bargain. 535 00:25:53,150 --> 00:25:55,053 >> For Putin to see an American vice president 536 00:25:55,086 --> 00:25:56,588 go talk to students and encourage democracy, 537 00:25:56,621 --> 00:25:58,756 he sees it as a threat. 538 00:25:58,789 --> 00:26:02,093 "Who are you to come here and foment trouble in my backyard?" 539 00:26:02,126 --> 00:26:04,329 It's aggravating and offensive to Putin 540 00:26:04,362 --> 00:26:07,365 to see that kind of action. 541 00:26:07,398 --> 00:26:09,701 >> NARRATOR: And later that year, 542 00:26:09,734 --> 00:26:12,203 protesters right outside the Kremlin. 543 00:26:12,236 --> 00:26:16,441 It looked like what Biden had been calling for. 544 00:26:16,474 --> 00:26:18,810 >> Tens of thousands came out on the streets 545 00:26:18,843 --> 00:26:20,678 to tell Vladimir Putin they've had enough. 546 00:26:20,711 --> 00:26:25,049 >> Those hundreds of thousands of people who were marching 547 00:26:25,082 --> 00:26:26,784 in the streets of Moscow shouting, "Down with Putin"... 548 00:26:26,817 --> 00:26:28,853 >> (shouting in Russian) 549 00:26:29,487 --> 00:26:34,158 >> For him, it was like, it could, it couldn't be so. 550 00:26:34,191 --> 00:26:35,193 It couldn't happen. 551 00:26:35,226 --> 00:26:40,698 >> (shouting in Russian) 552 00:26:40,731 --> 00:26:42,200 >> He was thrown by the protests. 553 00:26:42,233 --> 00:26:45,436 He was taken aback by the passion of the opposition, 554 00:26:45,469 --> 00:26:48,373 and had to look for a place to point the finger. 555 00:26:48,406 --> 00:26:49,240 He pointed it at us. 556 00:26:53,110 --> 00:26:56,347 >> NARRATOR: Putin cracked down. 557 00:26:56,380 --> 00:26:58,583 >> The Russian police have arrested about 200... 558 00:26:58,616 --> 00:27:00,018 >> The arrests appear to be part 559 00:27:00,051 --> 00:27:01,786 of a broad and deliberate crackdown. 560 00:27:01,819 --> 00:27:03,688 >> ...questions about justice in Vladimir Putin's Russia... 561 00:27:04,622 --> 00:27:06,124 >> (speaking Russian) 562 00:27:25,443 --> 00:27:28,346 >> The most repressive Russian regime to... 563 00:27:28,379 --> 00:27:30,181 >> NARRATOR: Many of Putin's opponents inside Russia 564 00:27:30,214 --> 00:27:31,482 fled the country. 565 00:27:31,515 --> 00:27:32,617 >> ...forced into exile into England after... 566 00:27:32,650 --> 00:27:34,185 >> ...opponent saying, "I'm scared 567 00:27:34,218 --> 00:27:37,221 that Putin will kill me..." 568 00:27:37,254 --> 00:27:39,057 >> NARRATOR: Others died mysterious deaths. 569 00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:41,359 >> ...Putin aide discovered dead in a D.C. hotel room... 570 00:27:41,392 --> 00:27:43,327 >> NARRATOR: One who nearly died twice from poisoning 571 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:45,930 was Vladimir Kara-Murza. 572 00:27:45,963 --> 00:27:47,965 >> Bad things often happen to... 573 00:27:47,998 --> 00:27:50,468 >> There's been a very high mortality rate 574 00:27:50,501 --> 00:27:55,540 in the last several years among the people who have 575 00:27:55,573 --> 00:27:58,376 crossed the path of Vladimir Putin's Kremlin-- 576 00:27:58,409 --> 00:28:01,412 independent journalists, anti-corruption campaigners, 577 00:28:01,445 --> 00:28:03,514 opposition activists, opposition leaders. 578 00:28:03,547 --> 00:28:08,219 Many people have died, some in strange and unexplained deaths, 579 00:28:08,252 --> 00:28:11,956 others in just straight-out assassinations. 580 00:28:13,491 --> 00:28:16,627 >> NARRATOR: Putin extended his offensive beyond Russia. 581 00:28:16,660 --> 00:28:18,129 >> Ukraine is stuck very much in the middle. 582 00:28:18,162 --> 00:28:20,198 >> NARRATOR: In the Ukrainian territory of Crimea. 583 00:28:20,731 --> 00:28:23,067 >> ...armed Russian troops arrived in the Crimea region. 584 00:28:23,100 --> 00:28:25,169 >> NARRATOR: His campaign began with the arrival 585 00:28:25,202 --> 00:28:27,371 of unmarked Russian soldiers. 586 00:28:27,404 --> 00:28:29,407 >> They moved in with 587 00:28:29,440 --> 00:28:31,776 what the Ukrainians called little green men. 588 00:28:31,809 --> 00:28:33,244 And they were clearly, 589 00:28:33,277 --> 00:28:35,146 by the way they handled themselves and their weapons, 590 00:28:35,179 --> 00:28:35,480 professional military. 591 00:28:36,647 --> 00:28:40,051 Wearing Russian-style combat uniforms, but no insignia. 592 00:28:40,084 --> 00:28:42,553 >> Russian forces in the thousands seizing territory... 593 00:28:42,586 --> 00:28:46,057 >> That invasion, sending these little green men... 594 00:28:46,090 --> 00:28:48,593 >> More Russian soldiers have reportedly arrived in Crimea. 595 00:28:48,626 --> 00:28:51,295 >> ...sending these Russian soldiers without insignia 596 00:28:51,328 --> 00:28:53,631 into a neighboring country, 597 00:28:53,664 --> 00:28:56,901 into Crimea, was such a shock. 598 00:28:56,934 --> 00:28:57,936 This hadn't happened since World War II. 599 00:28:58,502 --> 00:28:59,036 >> ...occupying sovereign territory 600 00:28:59,069 --> 00:29:01,072 that belongs to Ukraine. 601 00:29:01,105 --> 00:29:02,273 >> NARRATOR: He seized Crimea 602 00:29:02,306 --> 00:29:05,443 and said it was now part of Russia. 603 00:29:05,476 --> 00:29:06,711 And he didn't stop there. 604 00:29:08,779 --> 00:29:11,682 He opened another front in Ukraine's East. 605 00:29:11,715 --> 00:29:14,218 >> He used another form of deception, 606 00:29:14,251 --> 00:29:15,987 which was to send in irregular forces, 607 00:29:16,020 --> 00:29:18,623 mercenaries who had been recruited. 608 00:29:18,656 --> 00:29:21,960 Putin claimed, "There are no Russian forces in this war." 609 00:29:24,195 --> 00:29:26,464 But, in fact, he was organizing the whole thing 610 00:29:26,497 --> 00:29:28,566 behind the scenes. 611 00:29:28,599 --> 00:29:31,202 >> Ukraine crisis looks pretty similar to World War II... 612 00:29:31,235 --> 00:29:33,838 >> We are seeing a very gross violation 613 00:29:33,871 --> 00:29:35,573 of international law... 614 00:29:35,606 --> 00:29:37,508 >> NARRATOR: It was just the start of what would become 615 00:29:37,541 --> 00:29:41,646 an unrelenting focus on finally taking Ukraine. 616 00:29:41,679 --> 00:29:43,114 >> The humanitarian crisis in Ukraine 617 00:29:43,147 --> 00:29:44,882 is getting worse and worse. 618 00:29:44,915 --> 00:29:45,416 >> Frightened residents have been warned to stay indoors. 619 00:29:47,651 --> 00:29:50,688 >> He felt emboldened, and felt he had been able to 620 00:29:50,721 --> 00:29:52,223 make his move in Georgia, 621 00:29:52,256 --> 00:29:54,525 and nobody tried to do anything about it. 622 00:29:54,558 --> 00:29:57,662 >> An average of 36 people a day were killed in the conflict... 623 00:29:57,695 --> 00:30:00,464 >> And in Ukraine, he gambles 624 00:30:00,497 --> 00:30:03,000 that the West isn't really going to do anything about it. 625 00:30:03,033 --> 00:30:04,969 >> ...chaos and carnage to mourning, 626 00:30:05,002 --> 00:30:07,004 with questions of what's next for the country. 627 00:30:07,037 --> 00:30:09,173 >> The West is going to complain about it, 628 00:30:09,206 --> 00:30:13,077 but they're not really going to do anything to stop it. 629 00:30:13,110 --> 00:30:15,680 >> ...40 children perished as the result... 630 00:30:15,713 --> 00:30:17,949 >> ...and rekindled fears about Russia's intentions 631 00:30:17,982 --> 00:30:19,417 in regard to its neighbors. 632 00:30:19,450 --> 00:30:21,853 >> A sovereign nation is invaded by another country. 633 00:30:21,886 --> 00:30:24,121 That kind of aggression is not something we should tolerate 634 00:30:24,154 --> 00:30:25,423 anywhere in the world. 635 00:30:25,456 --> 00:30:28,226 >> NARRATOR: At the White House, President Obama 636 00:30:28,259 --> 00:30:31,229 was struggling to respond. 637 00:30:31,262 --> 00:30:33,064 >> How do you deter behavior 638 00:30:33,097 --> 00:30:35,466 when the other side is basically denying 639 00:30:35,499 --> 00:30:36,968 that it's even taking place? 640 00:30:37,001 --> 00:30:39,203 When the other side is saying, "I don't even know 641 00:30:39,236 --> 00:30:40,905 what you're talking about, we're not involved"? 642 00:30:40,938 --> 00:30:43,374 >> President Obama says he's deeply concerned about that... 643 00:30:43,407 --> 00:30:44,809 >> NARRATOR: On the phone, 644 00:30:44,842 --> 00:30:49,113 Obama confronted Putin about his forces in Ukraine. 645 00:30:49,146 --> 00:30:52,850 Tony Blinken was in the Oval Office for those calls. 646 00:30:52,883 --> 00:30:54,585 >> Putin denied their presence. 647 00:30:54,618 --> 00:30:56,754 And it was striking and flat-out lying 648 00:30:56,787 --> 00:30:59,690 about Russia's presence in Ukraine. 649 00:30:59,723 --> 00:31:03,394 And Obama would say to him, "Vladimir, we're not blind. 650 00:31:03,427 --> 00:31:05,196 We have eyes, we can see." 651 00:31:05,229 --> 00:31:07,965 And Putin would just move on, as if nothing had happened. 652 00:31:07,998 --> 00:31:10,768 >> NARRATOR: Inside the administration, 653 00:31:10,801 --> 00:31:14,372 Vice President Biden urged a tough response. 654 00:31:14,405 --> 00:31:16,774 >> Joe Biden knew that in this case, 655 00:31:16,807 --> 00:31:19,110 Vladimir Putin was acting like a playground bully 656 00:31:19,143 --> 00:31:21,679 and would continue to act like a bully. 657 00:31:21,712 --> 00:31:24,048 >> NARRATOR: C.I.A. director John Brennan 658 00:31:24,081 --> 00:31:26,217 also wanted to get tough. 659 00:31:26,250 --> 00:31:29,620 >> Bullies try to intimidate, and they keep moving forward 660 00:31:29,653 --> 00:31:32,089 unless they get their, their nose bloodied a little bit. 661 00:31:32,122 --> 00:31:35,526 Mr. Putin really needed to get his nose bloodied. 662 00:31:35,559 --> 00:31:38,663 >> NARRATOR: Officials at the Pentagon and State Department 663 00:31:38,696 --> 00:31:40,731 joined with Biden. 664 00:31:40,764 --> 00:31:44,936 They advocated arming Ukraine with Javelin anti-tank missiles. 665 00:31:44,969 --> 00:31:47,738 >> They're all saying, "You should give 666 00:31:47,771 --> 00:31:49,807 "military assistance to Ukraine. 667 00:31:49,840 --> 00:31:51,776 "You need to step up what you're doing 668 00:31:51,809 --> 00:31:53,411 "against Russia. 669 00:31:53,444 --> 00:31:55,746 Putin is getting the wrong message from us." 670 00:31:55,779 --> 00:31:58,015 And Obama wouldn't do it. 671 00:31:58,048 --> 00:32:00,918 >> NARRATOR: Biden lost. 672 00:32:00,951 --> 00:32:05,723 Instead of weapons, Obama went with sanctions. 673 00:32:05,756 --> 00:32:08,759 >> From Obama's perspective, nobody had elected him 674 00:32:08,792 --> 00:32:12,697 to the White House to be focused on Russia and Ukraine. 675 00:32:12,730 --> 00:32:17,101 And now you have your vice president bending your ear 676 00:32:17,134 --> 00:32:19,504 about the need to draw a bright line 677 00:32:21,872 --> 00:32:24,408 and say that Russian aggression cannot stand. 678 00:32:24,441 --> 00:32:26,677 I think there was a piece of Obama 679 00:32:26,710 --> 00:32:29,380 that looked at this and said, "Sorry, this is... 680 00:32:29,413 --> 00:32:33,017 This is just not a top priority for us." 681 00:32:33,050 --> 00:32:34,118 ♪ ♪ 682 00:32:34,151 --> 00:32:36,120 >> Putin takes a lesson from Ukraine 683 00:32:36,153 --> 00:32:38,289 when he's able to invade a country 684 00:32:40,224 --> 00:32:43,794 and our reaction is minimal, right? 685 00:32:43,827 --> 00:32:46,163 And so of course he takes a lesson from that. 686 00:32:46,196 --> 00:32:50,101 The lesson that he takes from that is this kind of thing 687 00:32:50,134 --> 00:32:53,137 can work if we gin it up properly. 688 00:32:53,170 --> 00:32:55,106 And that's not the message that we really wanted 689 00:32:55,139 --> 00:32:56,374 to be sending at the time. 690 00:32:59,877 --> 00:33:02,713 >> The 2016 presidential race is underway. 691 00:33:02,746 --> 00:33:06,050 >> NARRATOR: Having tested the United States' resolve, 692 00:33:06,083 --> 00:33:07,184 Putin would go even further. 693 00:33:07,217 --> 00:33:08,719 >> ...candidates are once again... 694 00:33:08,752 --> 00:33:12,089 >> NARRATOR: Striking at the heart of American democracy. 695 00:33:12,122 --> 00:33:13,858 >> ...candidates make a final push to shore up... 696 00:33:13,891 --> 00:33:17,228 >> NARRATOR: Interfering in the 2016 presidential election. 697 00:33:17,261 --> 00:33:21,265 >> There's two goals there-- discredit our election 698 00:33:21,298 --> 00:33:24,268 and also to discredit the presidency, 699 00:33:24,301 --> 00:33:26,837 to neutralize the United States, an adversary, 700 00:33:26,870 --> 00:33:31,342 to really tarnish U.S. leadership as, you know, 701 00:33:31,375 --> 00:33:33,677 the leader of the democratic world, 702 00:33:33,710 --> 00:33:36,280 the free world, the West. 703 00:33:36,313 --> 00:33:39,216 >> NARRATOR: Putin's attack was aimed at Washington, D.C.-- 704 00:33:39,249 --> 00:33:41,485 Russian hackers breaching 705 00:33:41,518 --> 00:33:43,721 Democratic Party computer servers, 706 00:33:43,754 --> 00:33:45,790 email leaks designed to undermine 707 00:33:45,823 --> 00:33:49,160 Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign. 708 00:33:49,193 --> 00:33:50,595 >> This was the most aggressive and most direct 709 00:33:53,030 --> 00:33:55,433 and most assertive campaign that the Russians ever mounted 710 00:33:55,466 --> 00:33:57,968 in the history of our elections. 711 00:33:58,001 --> 00:34:01,205 And what characterized this 712 00:34:01,238 --> 00:34:04,742 were the variety and intensity of the techniques 713 00:34:04,775 --> 00:34:06,777 that they employed. 714 00:34:06,810 --> 00:34:08,079 >> NARRATOR: Misinformation, 715 00:34:08,112 --> 00:34:11,148 fake users designed to look like Americans, 716 00:34:11,181 --> 00:34:13,084 trolls supporting the Kremlin, 717 00:34:13,117 --> 00:34:16,220 an army of automated bots on Twitter, 718 00:34:16,253 --> 00:34:20,925 and targeted advertisements on Facebook and Google, 719 00:34:20,958 --> 00:34:26,564 calculated to hurt Clinton and help her rival, Donald Trump. 720 00:34:26,597 --> 00:34:28,399 >> President Putin's view of Trump 721 00:34:28,431 --> 00:34:30,700 was a penchant for authoritarianism, 722 00:34:30,734 --> 00:34:31,969 a backing off of human rights, 723 00:34:32,002 --> 00:34:33,871 and talking about wanting to 724 00:34:33,904 --> 00:34:37,007 have a more positive relationship with Russia. 725 00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:39,710 What's not to like if you're Vladimir Putin? 726 00:34:39,743 --> 00:34:43,047 It sort of sounds like he's one of us. 727 00:34:43,080 --> 00:34:44,515 (chuckles) 728 00:34:44,547 --> 00:34:45,915 >> Well, Donald Trump pulled off 729 00:34:45,949 --> 00:34:47,384 one of the biggest political upsets in American... 730 00:34:47,417 --> 00:34:50,254 >> NARRATOR: On Election Night, a victory for Trump 731 00:34:50,286 --> 00:34:51,621 and for Putin. 732 00:34:51,655 --> 00:34:54,358 >> In a stunning upset, Donald Trump is elected 733 00:34:54,391 --> 00:34:55,860 the 45th president... 734 00:34:55,893 --> 00:34:58,062 >> Donald Trump shocking the nation and the world. 735 00:34:58,095 --> 00:35:02,399 >> President Putin called me up very nicely to congratulate me 736 00:35:02,432 --> 00:35:04,168 on the win of the election. 737 00:35:04,201 --> 00:35:07,204 >> From Putin's point of view, he won. 738 00:35:07,237 --> 00:35:10,708 Not only did the candidate he favored come out on top, 739 00:35:10,741 --> 00:35:15,913 he has disrupted Americans' faith in their own democracy. 740 00:35:15,946 --> 00:35:17,948 So that we're all turning on each other 741 00:35:17,981 --> 00:35:20,117 and we're busy fighting with each other, 742 00:35:20,150 --> 00:35:23,154 and in his mind, hopefully too distracted to pose a threat 743 00:35:23,187 --> 00:35:27,958 to him on the world stage. 744 00:35:27,991 --> 00:35:30,494 >> President Trump's Helsinki summit 745 00:35:30,527 --> 00:35:31,762 with President Vladimir Putin... 746 00:35:31,795 --> 00:35:33,330 >> NARRATOR: For the fourth time, 747 00:35:33,363 --> 00:35:35,599 Vladimir Putin would confront a new American president. 748 00:35:35,632 --> 00:35:38,435 >> ...urging the president to confront Putin 749 00:35:38,468 --> 00:35:41,906 about Russia's interference in the 2016 election. 750 00:35:41,939 --> 00:35:45,643 >> Vladimir Putin is as clear-eyed and cold-blooded 751 00:35:45,676 --> 00:35:49,180 as any foreign leader I have ever seen. 752 00:35:49,213 --> 00:35:53,817 He knows exactly what he thinks Russia's national interest is 753 00:35:53,850 --> 00:35:57,521 and he pursues it unrelentingly. 754 00:35:57,554 --> 00:36:02,793 >> We get the first images of President Trump 755 00:36:02,826 --> 00:36:05,563 and Vladimir Putin sitting down next to each other. 756 00:36:05,596 --> 00:36:09,967 And President Trump is sitting up in his chair, 757 00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:12,203 looking as though he really, really wants to get 758 00:36:12,236 --> 00:36:13,938 something out of this meeting. 759 00:36:13,971 --> 00:36:16,073 >> Well, first of all, Mr. President, 760 00:36:16,106 --> 00:36:18,209 I'd like to congratulate you 761 00:36:18,242 --> 00:36:21,745 on a really great World Cup. 762 00:36:21,778 --> 00:36:23,347 >> And Vladimir Putin is kind of 763 00:36:23,380 --> 00:36:25,149 slumped in his chair, not smiling, 764 00:36:25,182 --> 00:36:28,919 doesn't look like he's having a good time. 765 00:36:28,952 --> 00:36:31,889 >> Getting along with Russia is a good thing, not a bad thing. 766 00:36:31,922 --> 00:36:34,158 >> NARRATOR: It was clear that in Trump, 767 00:36:34,191 --> 00:36:38,229 Putin had a very different American president. 768 00:36:38,262 --> 00:36:41,131 >> Confronted with Donald Trump, this is like an open field 769 00:36:41,164 --> 00:36:45,669 in front of a football player carrying the football. 770 00:36:45,702 --> 00:36:48,539 Trump never understood that, never understood what the nature 771 00:36:48,572 --> 00:36:50,140 of Putin's game was. 772 00:36:50,173 --> 00:36:53,177 I think Putin thought Trump was a fool 773 00:36:53,210 --> 00:36:57,181 and easily manipulable. 774 00:36:57,214 --> 00:37:00,784 >> NARRATOR: The cameras were sent away. 775 00:37:00,817 --> 00:37:05,823 For two hours, they met privately without any aides. 776 00:37:05,856 --> 00:37:11,262 >> Putin didn't need the KGB psychological profilers 777 00:37:11,295 --> 00:37:12,630 to hand him a dossier on how to play Donald Trump. 778 00:37:13,130 --> 00:37:16,233 He was able to read Trump. 779 00:37:16,266 --> 00:37:21,071 He had a very good understanding of how to flatter him. 780 00:37:21,104 --> 00:37:25,609 He knew how to play Trump like a violin. 781 00:37:25,642 --> 00:37:28,879 >> NARRATOR: Afterwards, when they faced the press, 782 00:37:28,912 --> 00:37:30,948 a shocking statement. 783 00:37:30,981 --> 00:37:33,717 >> President Putin denied having anything to do with 784 00:37:33,750 --> 00:37:35,286 the election interference in 2016. 785 00:37:35,319 --> 00:37:39,857 Every U.S. intelligence agency has concluded that Russia did. 786 00:37:39,890 --> 00:37:42,993 My first question for you, sir, is: Who do you believe? 787 00:37:43,026 --> 00:37:45,796 >> "Who do you believe?" 788 00:37:45,829 --> 00:37:49,266 That's the starkest possible way to put that question, 789 00:37:49,299 --> 00:37:50,267 question to the president. 790 00:37:50,300 --> 00:37:52,903 >> My people came to me. 791 00:37:52,936 --> 00:37:55,239 Dan Coats came to me and some others. 792 00:37:55,272 --> 00:37:56,740 They said they think it's Russia. 793 00:37:56,773 --> 00:38:00,010 I have President Putin. 794 00:38:00,043 --> 00:38:02,046 He just said it's not Russia. 795 00:38:02,079 --> 00:38:05,015 I will say this: I don't see any reason why it would be. 796 00:38:05,048 --> 00:38:08,452 >> I felt frozen to my chair. 797 00:38:08,485 --> 00:38:12,589 Like everybody else in the room, we couldn't believe it. 798 00:38:12,622 --> 00:38:14,692 >> I will tell you that President Putin 799 00:38:14,725 --> 00:38:18,662 was extremely strong and powerful in his denial today, 800 00:38:18,695 --> 00:38:20,130 and what he did... 801 00:38:20,163 --> 00:38:22,166 >> Everybody who was in the room with them 802 00:38:22,199 --> 00:38:26,236 just saw how masterfully Putin manipulated Trump. 803 00:38:26,269 --> 00:38:30,407 He saw him as gullible, and stupid, 804 00:38:30,440 --> 00:38:32,443 and easily manipulatable. 805 00:38:32,476 --> 00:38:36,847 And that he was just, you know, the Russian expression, 806 00:38:36,880 --> 00:38:38,682 that he was just making ropes out of him, 807 00:38:38,715 --> 00:38:40,250 just braiding him like a braid. 808 00:38:40,283 --> 00:38:44,388 >> Extraordinary moment in American history, 809 00:38:44,421 --> 00:38:46,390 something I thought I would never see... 810 00:38:46,423 --> 00:38:49,393 >> ...a disgraceful play by the president of the United States 811 00:38:49,426 --> 00:38:50,527 as he stood by Vladimir Putin. 812 00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:52,529 >> NARRATOR: Back in Washington... 813 00:38:52,562 --> 00:38:54,298 >> Concern continues to grow about what they said 814 00:38:54,331 --> 00:38:55,699 to each other behind closed doors. 815 00:38:55,732 --> 00:38:58,435 >> NARRATOR: ...they were calling it a bromance. 816 00:38:58,468 --> 00:39:00,104 >> There's been some sort of bromance. 817 00:39:00,137 --> 00:39:02,206 >> A Putin-Trump bromance. 818 00:39:02,239 --> 00:39:03,841 >> Trump acted, in some ways, 819 00:39:03,874 --> 00:39:06,310 as an arm of Putin's foreign policy 820 00:39:06,343 --> 00:39:07,711 in this period of time. 821 00:39:07,744 --> 00:39:09,580 >> President Trump on the attack, 822 00:39:09,613 --> 00:39:11,248 asking, "What good is NATO?" 823 00:39:11,281 --> 00:39:13,450 >> Once again questioning the entire point 824 00:39:13,483 --> 00:39:16,387 to one of America's oldest alliances. 825 00:39:16,420 --> 00:39:18,489 >> NARRATOR: And Trump was echoing Putin's talking points 826 00:39:18,522 --> 00:39:21,925 on the key battleground of Ukraine. 827 00:39:21,958 --> 00:39:24,294 >> The president told leaders that "Ukraine is one of 828 00:39:24,327 --> 00:39:25,896 the most corrupt countries in the world." 829 00:39:25,929 --> 00:39:28,465 >> He would say, "Ukraine is a really corrupt country." 830 00:39:28,498 --> 00:39:31,301 >> The president is saying that Crimea probably should belong 831 00:39:31,334 --> 00:39:34,138 to Russia, because everyone there speaks Russian. 832 00:39:34,171 --> 00:39:36,740 >> "Crimea is Russian, everybody there speaks Russian, 833 00:39:36,773 --> 00:39:37,941 and wants to be part of Russia." 834 00:39:37,974 --> 00:39:40,844 >> Donald Trump parroting Vladimir Putin, 835 00:39:40,877 --> 00:39:45,482 saying that Ukraine is not even a real country. 836 00:39:45,515 --> 00:39:47,251 >> Where did he hear these things? 837 00:39:47,284 --> 00:39:48,652 He heard them from Putin. 838 00:39:48,685 --> 00:39:50,421 You know? And he would just echo them. 839 00:39:50,454 --> 00:39:53,257 >> Trump is actually helping Putin reconstitute 840 00:39:53,290 --> 00:39:54,892 the Soviet Union. 841 00:39:54,925 --> 00:39:57,961 >> It, it was just too easy. 842 00:39:57,994 --> 00:39:59,930 >> Trump suggested it's pointless to continue 843 00:39:59,963 --> 00:40:01,432 punishing Russia. 844 00:40:01,465 --> 00:40:03,700 >> He's getting pretty much everything he needs 845 00:40:03,733 --> 00:40:06,870 from President Trump. 846 00:40:06,903 --> 00:40:08,472 He's getting a smackdown of NATO. 847 00:40:08,505 --> 00:40:10,641 (chuckling): The humiliation of our best allies. 848 00:40:10,674 --> 00:40:14,145 I mean, the list goes on and on and on. 849 00:40:16,646 --> 00:40:18,549 And so, Putin was probably betting on 850 00:40:18,582 --> 00:40:22,352 a second term of President Trump and hoping that he could 851 00:40:22,385 --> 00:40:25,589 get his way on many things, whether it's NATO, 852 00:40:25,622 --> 00:40:30,294 whether it's Ukraine, without using the instrument of war. 853 00:40:30,327 --> 00:40:32,696 >> NARRATOR: But Trump did not get a second term. 854 00:40:32,729 --> 00:40:35,165 >> The Fox News Decision Desk can now project 855 00:40:35,198 --> 00:40:37,434 that former Vice President Joe Biden... 856 00:40:37,467 --> 00:40:39,570 >> NARRATOR: And with a new president... 857 00:40:39,603 --> 00:40:41,705 >> ...President-elect Joseph Robinette Biden... 858 00:40:41,738 --> 00:40:44,241 >> Frankly, we did win this election. 859 00:40:44,274 --> 00:40:46,510 We did win this election. (crowd cheers and applauds) 860 00:40:46,543 --> 00:40:48,745 >> NARRATOR: ...an escalation of the chaos in America 861 00:40:48,778 --> 00:40:50,180 that Putin helped foment. 862 00:40:50,213 --> 00:40:52,716 >> The president showing no signs that he's prepared 863 00:40:52,749 --> 00:40:54,451 to concede this election... 864 00:40:54,484 --> 00:40:56,286 >> NARRATOR: Division. >> This is a contested election. 865 00:40:56,319 --> 00:40:58,155 Many people are nervous. 866 00:40:58,188 --> 00:40:59,156 >> NARRATOR: Violence. 867 00:40:59,189 --> 00:41:03,160 >> (shouting) 868 00:41:03,193 --> 00:41:05,195 >> NARRATOR: Insurrection. 869 00:41:05,228 --> 00:41:06,730 >> (chanting) 870 00:41:06,763 --> 00:41:10,400 >> Nobody loved January 6 more than the Russians did. 871 00:41:10,433 --> 00:41:13,203 Trump gave them four years, which was one big gift, 872 00:41:13,236 --> 00:41:15,806 but January 6 was like the wrapping, 873 00:41:15,839 --> 00:41:18,008 the beautiful wrapping, you know, the package. 874 00:41:18,041 --> 00:41:20,911 January 6, apart from anything else, 875 00:41:20,944 --> 00:41:23,080 leads directly to the war in Ukraine. 876 00:41:23,113 --> 00:41:25,949 Because it looks like America is not just 877 00:41:25,982 --> 00:41:29,620 morally discredited, it looks like America is weak. 878 00:41:32,355 --> 00:41:35,559 >> Historic meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin... 879 00:41:35,592 --> 00:41:36,760 >> NARRATOR: Soon, in Geneva, 880 00:41:36,793 --> 00:41:39,329 Vladimir Putin faced his old nemesis... 881 00:41:39,362 --> 00:41:40,831 >> President Biden and Vladimir Putin are facing... 882 00:41:40,864 --> 00:41:42,799 >> NARRATOR: ...now the president of the United States. 883 00:41:42,832 --> 00:41:45,235 >> For neither of them is this their first rodeo. 884 00:41:45,268 --> 00:41:47,604 >> Tensions seem to be a bit high. 885 00:41:47,637 --> 00:41:49,673 >> Putin is looking at Biden and saying, 886 00:41:49,706 --> 00:41:51,742 "This is a weak American president. 887 00:41:51,775 --> 00:41:53,143 "He doesn't have the overwhelming support 888 00:41:53,176 --> 00:41:55,145 "of his public. 889 00:41:55,178 --> 00:41:57,414 "His people are so divided, 890 00:41:57,447 --> 00:42:01,351 just months earlier, they'd had an attack on the Capitol." 891 00:42:01,384 --> 00:42:06,023 And all he needs to do is hold Biden off long enough 892 00:42:06,056 --> 00:42:08,025 so that he can continue to assemble the plan 893 00:42:08,058 --> 00:42:10,928 that he's been putting together. 894 00:42:10,961 --> 00:42:12,296 >> They're children of the Cold War 895 00:42:12,329 --> 00:42:13,664 and they see each other 896 00:42:13,697 --> 00:42:15,799 and their, their countries through the Cold War. 897 00:42:15,832 --> 00:42:19,503 Biden saw Putin for what he is, 898 00:42:19,536 --> 00:42:23,574 a KGB revanchist who wants to, to remake the Russian empire. 899 00:42:23,607 --> 00:42:26,443 >> I just remember the body language and them sitting 900 00:42:26,476 --> 00:42:30,814 in that room together, and it's, it's icy. 901 00:42:30,847 --> 00:42:36,320 I mean, these are two people who do not like each other. 902 00:42:36,353 --> 00:42:40,057 >> NARRATOR: Antony Blinken, now secretary of State, 903 00:42:40,090 --> 00:42:42,726 was once again in the room. 904 00:42:42,759 --> 00:42:44,461 >> The tone of the conversation was professional. 905 00:42:44,494 --> 00:42:45,896 It was direct. 906 00:42:45,929 --> 00:42:49,466 But it was very clear where we had our differences. 907 00:42:49,499 --> 00:42:53,537 President Biden made very clear where we saw things differently. 908 00:42:53,570 --> 00:42:56,807 And so did, so did President Putin. 909 00:42:56,840 --> 00:42:59,443 >> ...try to determine where we have mutual interests. 910 00:42:59,476 --> 00:43:01,111 >> NARRATOR: A top priority for Biden: 911 00:43:01,144 --> 00:43:04,548 deterring Putin in Ukraine. 912 00:43:04,581 --> 00:43:07,584 >> President Biden made clear in the meeting to President Putin 913 00:43:07,617 --> 00:43:10,387 our commitment to Ukraine, our commitment to its sovereignty, 914 00:43:10,420 --> 00:43:13,090 to its independence, to its territorial integrity. 915 00:43:13,123 --> 00:43:16,693 (camera shutters clicking) 916 00:43:16,726 --> 00:43:20,397 >> They wanted to park Putin, but he didn't want to be parked. 917 00:43:20,430 --> 00:43:23,033 He wanted to be the number-one problem 918 00:43:23,066 --> 00:43:24,868 of everybody in the whole world, 919 00:43:24,901 --> 00:43:29,339 but especially the number-one priority, 920 00:43:29,372 --> 00:43:30,941 the number-one threat, 921 00:43:30,974 --> 00:43:34,878 the number-one problem that the White House was dealing with. 922 00:43:34,911 --> 00:43:38,915 >> (speaking Russian) 923 00:43:38,948 --> 00:43:41,118 >> NARRATOR: Putin began laying the groundwork 924 00:43:41,151 --> 00:43:43,053 for the invasion of Ukraine. 925 00:43:43,086 --> 00:43:45,622 >> And 100,000 Russian troops 926 00:43:45,655 --> 00:43:49,559 near Ukraine's border are fueling fears of a Russian... 927 00:43:49,592 --> 00:43:51,795 >> Russia's forces start moving back 928 00:43:51,828 --> 00:43:53,263 toward Ukraine's borders. 929 00:43:53,296 --> 00:43:55,532 >> ...heavy military equipment, clearly taking 930 00:43:55,565 --> 00:43:56,166 an aggressive posture. 931 00:43:57,534 --> 00:44:00,137 >> Not just the eastern border, but no, the... 932 00:44:00,170 --> 00:44:01,505 All three borders. 933 00:44:01,538 --> 00:44:04,107 >> Russian troops have been surrounding Ukraine 934 00:44:04,140 --> 00:44:05,375 for days now. 935 00:44:05,408 --> 00:44:07,678 >> The Ukraine border with Belarus, 936 00:44:07,711 --> 00:44:10,414 Ukraine border with Russia, 937 00:44:10,447 --> 00:44:12,683 Ukraine border with occupied Crimea. 938 00:44:12,716 --> 00:44:14,384 >> Satellite images show an increase in Russian forces 939 00:44:14,417 --> 00:44:15,519 on the Ukraine border... 940 00:44:15,552 --> 00:44:16,653 >> NARRATOR: At the White House... 941 00:44:16,686 --> 00:44:18,088 >> Tensions nearing a tipping point... 942 00:44:18,121 --> 00:44:20,891 >> NARRATOR: ...an emergency presidential briefing-- 943 00:44:20,924 --> 00:44:24,461 secret information about Putin's plans. 944 00:44:24,494 --> 00:44:26,329 >> And it was in that moment 945 00:44:26,362 --> 00:44:29,332 when the combination of seeing the forces deployed 946 00:44:29,365 --> 00:44:32,669 and then having, from the information we'd gotten, 947 00:44:32,702 --> 00:44:35,439 real visibility on what Russia was actually thinking 948 00:44:35,472 --> 00:44:39,543 and what they were planning, that's when we really saw 949 00:44:39,576 --> 00:44:42,646 the storm rising and heading in Ukraine's direction. 950 00:44:42,679 --> 00:44:46,216 >> NARRATOR: Once again, an American president was facing 951 00:44:46,249 --> 00:44:50,721 a critical decision about how to deal with Putin. 952 00:44:50,754 --> 00:44:55,258 >> If Russia is allowed to get away with this, 953 00:44:55,291 --> 00:44:59,062 if Russia stomps all over Ukraine and takes it over, 954 00:44:59,095 --> 00:45:02,733 it affects the entire international order 955 00:45:02,766 --> 00:45:06,169 that we've been living under since World War II. 956 00:45:06,202 --> 00:45:10,574 The stakes were pretty high and they continue to be very high. 957 00:45:10,607 --> 00:45:13,577 >> NARRATOR: In a video conference with Putin, 958 00:45:13,610 --> 00:45:17,414 Biden warned him to pull back from the brink. 959 00:45:17,447 --> 00:45:20,016 >> He's saying, "First of all, we see what you're doing, 960 00:45:20,049 --> 00:45:21,918 "what you're planning, what you're plotting. 961 00:45:21,951 --> 00:45:24,421 "And if you go ahead with what we're seeing, 962 00:45:24,454 --> 00:45:27,157 "you need to understand the costs and consequences 963 00:45:27,190 --> 00:45:30,560 "to Russia will be severe, and you need to know 964 00:45:30,593 --> 00:45:34,231 that I mean what I say." 965 00:45:34,264 --> 00:45:35,665 ♪ ♪ 966 00:45:35,698 --> 00:45:39,402 >> NARRATOR: Putin's response was familiar: denial. 967 00:45:39,435 --> 00:45:40,904 >> They're denying. 968 00:45:40,937 --> 00:45:44,207 They're denying any imminent aggression against Ukraine. 969 00:45:44,240 --> 00:45:47,244 They're saying that "That's not what we're doing." 970 00:45:47,277 --> 00:45:51,381 But because we had such extraordinary visibility 971 00:45:51,414 --> 00:45:53,016 and extraordinary information, 972 00:45:53,049 --> 00:45:55,652 we knew in real time when Putin was saying something 973 00:45:55,685 --> 00:45:59,823 that was in contradiction with what was actually happening. 974 00:45:59,856 --> 00:46:01,825 >> NARRATOR: Putin ignored Biden 975 00:46:01,858 --> 00:46:05,362 and pushed forward with the invasion. 976 00:46:05,395 --> 00:46:06,863 >> Vladimir Putin understands 977 00:46:06,896 --> 00:46:13,003 the Western ability to make decisive steps pretty well. 978 00:46:13,036 --> 00:46:16,006 He knew that when President Biden said, 979 00:46:16,039 --> 00:46:19,342 "Don't do this, or, you know, there will be consequences," 980 00:46:19,375 --> 00:46:24,114 he knew that there were not going to be any consequences. 981 00:46:24,147 --> 00:46:26,383 >> NARRATOR: For two decades, Vladimir Putin 982 00:46:26,416 --> 00:46:30,520 had defied American presidents. 983 00:46:30,553 --> 00:46:33,156 Invading Georgia... 984 00:46:33,189 --> 00:46:36,426 Seizing Crimea... 985 00:46:36,459 --> 00:46:39,362 Interfering in a presidential election... 986 00:46:39,395 --> 00:46:43,633 And he wasn't stopping now. 987 00:46:43,666 --> 00:46:47,470 >> He made a calculation that Biden would not be able to lead 988 00:46:47,503 --> 00:46:51,308 an international group of countries to support Ukraine. 989 00:46:51,341 --> 00:46:55,679 And that there wouldn't be the will to support Ukraine. 990 00:46:55,712 --> 00:46:57,080 And even if it was there in the beginning, 991 00:46:57,113 --> 00:46:58,682 it would not continue. 992 00:46:58,715 --> 00:47:03,420 >> NARRATOR: 30 years after the fall of the Soviet Union, 993 00:47:03,453 --> 00:47:07,224 Vladimir Putin was now pursuing an all-out war 994 00:47:07,257 --> 00:47:11,194 to rebuild the Russian empire. (air raid siren blaring) 995 00:47:11,227 --> 00:47:15,899 >> (speaking Russian): 996 00:47:15,932 --> 00:47:19,102 (explosions pounding in distance) 997 00:47:19,135 --> 00:47:21,938 >> ...apocalyptic scenes on the outskirts 998 00:47:21,971 --> 00:47:23,673 of the capital city... 999 00:47:23,706 --> 00:47:26,276 >> A nonstop onslaught over the last 24 hours, 1000 00:47:26,309 --> 00:47:28,245 with massive casualties... 1001 00:47:28,278 --> 00:47:30,614 >> Tens of thousands of civilians trapped in cities 1002 00:47:30,647 --> 00:47:33,850 under near-constant Russian shellfire. 1003 00:47:33,883 --> 00:47:37,354 >> Putin wants Ukraine. 1004 00:47:37,387 --> 00:47:41,258 He wants this pan-Slavic superstate 1005 00:47:41,291 --> 00:47:43,260 with Moscow as the capital. 1006 00:47:43,293 --> 00:47:44,828 He wants Ukraine. 1007 00:47:44,861 --> 00:47:46,630 He doesn't think it's a real country. 1008 00:47:46,663 --> 00:47:48,965 I don't know how you compromise with somebody 1009 00:47:48,998 --> 00:47:52,035 who just wants Ukraine. 1010 00:47:52,068 --> 00:47:53,837 That's not something you could build a bridge across. 1011 00:47:53,870 --> 00:47:58,275 >> Ukraine is calling this a full-scale invasion... 1012 00:47:58,308 --> 00:48:00,944 >> The biggest war in Europe since World War II. 1013 00:48:00,977 --> 00:48:03,747 >> The world is waiting to see just how far 1014 00:48:03,780 --> 00:48:08,051 Putin's 190,000 troops will go into the country of Ukraine. 1015 00:48:08,084 --> 00:48:09,452 Will he stop? 1016 00:48:09,485 --> 00:48:11,788 >> NARRATOR: With the battle for Ukraine underway, 1017 00:48:11,821 --> 00:48:15,959 Biden went further than any president before, 1018 00:48:15,992 --> 00:48:18,929 delivering weapons and intelligence to the front lines 1019 00:48:18,962 --> 00:48:21,898 to help fight Putin. 1020 00:48:21,931 --> 00:48:25,268 >> The United States has opted in to the fight. 1021 00:48:25,301 --> 00:48:29,339 The amount and scale of the military support 1022 00:48:29,372 --> 00:48:33,743 for Ukraine's defense of itself against Russian aggression 1023 00:48:33,776 --> 00:48:35,679 is enormous, it's staggering. 1024 00:48:35,712 --> 00:48:39,049 Clearly something that Vladimir Putin did not expect. 1025 00:48:39,082 --> 00:48:40,216 >> The U.S. and NATO allies 1026 00:48:40,249 --> 00:48:42,485 are working quickly to arm Ukraine. 1027 00:48:42,518 --> 00:48:44,154 >> Russian forces caught off guard, 1028 00:48:44,187 --> 00:48:45,588 apparently in disarray. 1029 00:48:45,621 --> 00:48:48,658 >> Russia thought the invasion would be over swiftly. 1030 00:48:48,691 --> 00:48:50,727 That was before their jets were plummeting 1031 00:48:50,760 --> 00:48:52,429 from Ukrainian skies. 1032 00:48:52,462 --> 00:48:56,766 >> He clearly miscalculated the capabilities 1033 00:48:56,799 --> 00:48:58,401 of the Russian military, 1034 00:48:58,434 --> 00:49:01,371 the capabilities of the Ukrainian military, 1035 00:49:01,404 --> 00:49:04,040 the willingness of the Ukrainian people 1036 00:49:04,073 --> 00:49:06,142 to fight for their independence. 1037 00:49:06,175 --> 00:49:12,282 This was a miscalculation of Napoleonic magnitude. 1038 00:49:12,315 --> 00:49:15,251 >> Ukraine's president remains defiant. 1039 00:49:15,284 --> 00:49:17,153 >> Ukraine's resolve has shocked the world 1040 00:49:17,186 --> 00:49:19,356 and frustrated the Russians. 1041 00:49:19,389 --> 00:49:21,291 >> Putin is facing the embarrassment of this offensive 1042 00:49:21,324 --> 00:49:24,427 not necessarily being pulled off as smoothly... 1043 00:49:24,460 --> 00:49:27,697 >> NARRATOR: But even as his army was pushed back, 1044 00:49:27,730 --> 00:49:31,534 Putin was doubling down. 1045 00:49:31,567 --> 00:49:33,003 >> Coming out of Russia, where Vladimir Putin 1046 00:49:33,036 --> 00:49:35,105 is preparing for a longer 1047 00:49:35,138 --> 00:49:36,940 and more intense war on Ukraine. 1048 00:49:36,973 --> 00:49:38,208 >> NARRATOR: Mobilizing more troops. 1049 00:49:38,241 --> 00:49:40,744 >> President Putin suddenly announcing 1050 00:49:40,777 --> 00:49:44,881 he would call up 300,000 men for military service. 1051 00:49:44,914 --> 00:49:47,117 >> NARRATOR: Waging economic warfare. 1052 00:49:47,150 --> 00:49:50,320 >> No gas, no oil-- nothing, he said, 1053 00:49:50,353 --> 00:49:51,421 over a long winter. 1054 00:49:51,454 --> 00:49:54,024 >> NARRATOR: Raising the specter 1055 00:49:54,057 --> 00:49:55,525 of nuclear annihilation. 1056 00:49:55,558 --> 00:49:59,863 >> Now threatening to use nuclear weapons 1057 00:49:59,896 --> 00:50:01,731 and Putin says, "I'm not bluffing." 1058 00:50:01,764 --> 00:50:04,100 >> It's all very concerning, because what we saw 1059 00:50:04,133 --> 00:50:07,070 was Vladimir Putin doubling and tripling down 1060 00:50:07,103 --> 00:50:09,773 on the aggression with the mobilization, 1061 00:50:09,806 --> 00:50:13,243 with the purported annexation of Ukrainian territory, 1062 00:50:13,276 --> 00:50:15,145 with the loose talk about nuclear weapons. 1063 00:50:15,178 --> 00:50:18,815 It's evidence that unfortunately, tragically, 1064 00:50:18,848 --> 00:50:23,353 this is likely to continue for some time. 1065 00:50:23,386 --> 00:50:27,791 >> NARRATOR: Vladimir Putin, the former KGB agent, 1066 00:50:27,824 --> 00:50:32,829 hellbent on rebuilding the Russian empire, 1067 00:50:32,862 --> 00:50:37,801 now a dangerous pariah on the world stage, 1068 00:50:37,834 --> 00:50:41,671 staring down yet another American president 1069 00:50:41,704 --> 00:50:46,476 to see how far he will go. 1070 00:50:46,509 --> 00:50:49,279 >> Putin is escalating it into a war with the West more broadly, 1071 00:50:49,312 --> 00:50:53,183 cutting off energy, threatening nuclear weapons. 1072 00:50:53,216 --> 00:50:54,551 And part of the reason 1073 00:50:54,584 --> 00:50:56,519 is to undercut Western resolve 1074 00:50:56,552 --> 00:50:59,556 and to make the West eager to get this over with. 1075 00:50:59,589 --> 00:51:01,958 >> ...ahead of a looming energy crisis this winter, 1076 00:51:01,991 --> 00:51:03,560 as Vladimir Putin cuts off the continent's 1077 00:51:03,593 --> 00:51:04,894 natural gas supply. 1078 00:51:04,927 --> 00:51:06,830 >> He's hoping that he can put pressure on the West 1079 00:51:06,863 --> 00:51:08,264 to back off. 1080 00:51:08,297 --> 00:51:10,600 >> Putin is counting on the fact that the Western powers 1081 00:51:10,633 --> 00:51:12,735 are just going to lose interest in Ukraine... 1082 00:51:12,768 --> 00:51:14,471 >> How much longer the United States can continue 1083 00:51:14,504 --> 00:51:16,439 to help bankroll this war... 1084 00:51:16,472 --> 00:51:18,408 >> Will Ukraine ultimately be left to fight this war 1085 00:51:18,441 --> 00:51:20,444 on its own? 82099

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