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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:12,074 Advertise your product or brand here contact www.OpenSubtitles.org today 2 00:01:17,375 --> 00:01:19,041 Dr. Oppenheimer. 3 00:01:20,456 --> 00:01:21,458 Dr. Oppenheimer. 4 00:01:23,083 --> 00:01:26,208 As we begin, I believe you have a statement to read into the record. 5 00:01:28,333 --> 00:01:29,416 Yes, your honor. 6 00:01:29,583 --> 00:01:32,625 We're not judges, Doctor. -No. 7 00:01:33,916 --> 00:01:34,917 Of course. 8 00:01:40,583 --> 00:01:42,333 Members of the security board, 9 00:01:43,583 --> 00:01:47,333 the so-called interrogatory information in your indictment of me 10 00:01:47,416 --> 00:01:50,208 cannot be fairly understood except in the context 11 00:01:50,291 --> 00:01:52,250 of my life, and my work. 12 00:01:53,083 --> 00:01:54,500 How long did he testify? 13 00:01:55,708 --> 00:01:57,166 Honestly, I forget. 14 00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:00,875 The whole hearing took a month. 15 00:02:01,083 --> 00:02:04,041 An ordeal. -Oh, I've only read the transcripts. 16 00:02:07,083 --> 00:02:09,416 Who'd want to justify their whole life? -You weren't there? 17 00:02:09,791 --> 00:02:11,208 As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be. 18 00:02:11,833 --> 00:02:13,583 Are they really going to ask about it? 19 00:02:14,458 --> 00:02:15,916 It was years ago. 20 00:02:15,958 --> 00:02:17,375 Four years ago. -Five. 21 00:02:18,625 --> 00:02:20,251 Oppenheimer still divides America. 22 00:02:20,274 --> 00:02:22,274 The committee's going to want to know where you stood. 23 00:02:23,416 --> 00:02:26,875 Senator Thurmond asked me to say not to feel that you're on trial. 24 00:02:27,041 --> 00:02:30,000 Oh, funny. I didn't, until you just said that. 25 00:02:30,333 --> 00:02:31,875 Really, Mr. Strauss... -It's Admiral. 26 00:02:32,041 --> 00:02:35,291 Admiral. Admiral Strauss, this is a formality. 27 00:02:35,333 --> 00:02:37,416 President Eisenhower has asked you to be in his cabinet. 28 00:02:37,625 --> 00:02:39,417 The Senate really has no choice but to confirm him. 29 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:41,208 And if they bring up Oppenheimer? 30 00:02:41,833 --> 00:02:44,167 When they bring up Oppenheimer, you answer honestly, 31 00:02:44,190 --> 00:02:46,250 no senator can deny you did your duty. 32 00:02:46,541 --> 00:02:48,000 It'll be uncomfortable. 33 00:02:49,003 --> 00:02:50,541 Who'd want to justify their whole life? 34 00:02:56,333 --> 00:02:57,875 Why did you leave the United States? 35 00:03:00,583 --> 00:03:03,875 I... I wanted to study the new physics. 36 00:03:04,083 --> 00:03:05,333 Was there nowhere here? 37 00:03:06,250 --> 00:03:09,083 I thought Berkeley had the leading theoretical physics department. 38 00:03:09,916 --> 00:03:11,750 Yes, once I built it. 39 00:03:12,500 --> 00:03:13,751 But first I had to go to Europe. 40 00:03:13,774 --> 00:03:16,833 I went to Cambridge, to study under Patrick Blackett. 41 00:03:17,166 --> 00:03:18,916 Were you happier there than in America? 42 00:03:20,250 --> 00:03:21,583 Happier? -Yes. 43 00:03:26,041 --> 00:03:27,041 No. 44 00:03:27,500 --> 00:03:28,708 No, I, uh... 45 00:03:31,583 --> 00:03:33,583 I was homesick and... 46 00:03:34,499 --> 00:03:36,166 emotionally immature... 47 00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:39,875 Troubled by visions of a... 48 00:03:40,625 --> 00:03:42,916 hidden universe. 49 00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:55,583 Useless in the lab. 50 00:04:00,583 --> 00:04:02,041 Christ, Oppenheimer. 51 00:04:03,245 --> 00:04:04,416 Have you had any sleep? 52 00:04:07,041 --> 00:04:08,042 Start again. 53 00:04:08,541 --> 00:04:09,833 I need to go to a lecture, sir. 54 00:04:10,875 --> 00:04:11,875 Why? 55 00:04:12,416 --> 00:04:13,416 It's Niels Bohr. 56 00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:17,666 I completely forgot. 57 00:04:18,791 --> 00:04:20,583 Alright! Let's go. 58 00:04:23,166 --> 00:04:24,541 Oh no, not you, Oppenheimer. 59 00:04:24,875 --> 00:04:26,208 You finish coating those plates. 60 00:05:06,666 --> 00:05:10,376 Quantum physics is not a step forward. 61 00:05:10,458 --> 00:05:14,208 It is a new way to understand reality. 62 00:05:14,315 --> 00:05:16,126 Einstein's opened the door. 63 00:05:16,149 --> 00:05:20,350 Now we are peering through, seeing a world inside our world, 64 00:05:20,541 --> 00:05:26,125 a world of energy and paradox that not everyone can accept. 65 00:06:09,625 --> 00:06:10,624 You alright? 66 00:06:11,625 --> 00:06:13,958 Nils, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer. 67 00:06:14,333 --> 00:06:15,833 What's the J stand for? 68 00:06:16,041 --> 00:06:17,376 Nothing, apparently. 69 00:06:17,399 --> 00:06:19,875 You were at my lecture. You asked the only good question. 70 00:06:20,083 --> 00:06:21,500 No one's denying his insight. 71 00:06:21,666 --> 00:06:24,041 It's his laboratory work that leaves a little to be desired. 72 00:06:25,375 --> 00:06:26,376 I heard you give the same answer... 73 00:06:26,399 --> 00:06:28,416 At Harvard, yes, and you asked the same question. 74 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:30,083 Why ask again? 75 00:06:30,241 --> 00:06:31,500 I hadn't liked your answer. 76 00:06:33,143 --> 00:06:35,583 Did you like it better yesterday? -A lot. 77 00:06:35,886 --> 00:06:40,375 You can lift a stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed. 78 00:06:40,625 --> 00:06:42,083 Now it seems you're ready. 79 00:06:42,833 --> 00:06:44,250 But you don't enjoy the lab. 80 00:06:45,416 --> 00:06:48,001 So get out of Cambridge, with its beakers and potions. 81 00:06:48,024 --> 00:06:50,208 Go somewhere they'll let you think. 82 00:06:51,625 --> 00:06:52,625 Where? 83 00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:55,916 Göttingen. -Born. 84 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:57,017 Born. 85 00:06:57,041 --> 00:07:01,083 Get to Germany, study under Max Born, learn the ways of theory. 86 00:07:01,875 --> 00:07:02,875 I'll send word. 87 00:07:03,833 --> 00:07:04,833 Worm hole. 88 00:07:07,291 --> 00:07:08,250 How's your mathematics? 89 00:07:08,291 --> 00:07:10,375 Not good enough for the physicist he wants to be. 90 00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:12,834 Algebra's like sheet music, 91 00:07:12,857 --> 00:07:16,458 the important thing isn't can you read music, it's can you hear it. 92 00:07:16,750 --> 00:07:18,833 Can you hear the music, Robert? 93 00:07:20,332 --> 00:07:21,335 Yes, I can. 94 00:08:57,650 --> 00:08:59,250 The senator from Wyoming. 95 00:09:00,192 --> 00:09:02,875 Admiral Strauss, I'm interested in your relationship 96 00:09:02,916 --> 00:09:04,583 with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 97 00:09:04,794 --> 00:09:06,541 You met him in 1947. 98 00:09:07,476 --> 00:09:08,458 Correct. 99 00:09:08,916 --> 00:09:10,916 You were a commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission. 100 00:09:11,500 --> 00:09:15,219 I was, but I actually met Robert in my capacity 101 00:09:15,266 --> 00:09:19,416 as board member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. It was... 102 00:09:20,042 --> 00:09:23,308 after the war, he was world-renowned as the great man of physics, 103 00:09:23,375 --> 00:09:27,625 and I was determined to get him to run the Institute. 104 00:09:37,291 --> 00:09:39,791 Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor. 105 00:09:40,083 --> 00:09:41,084 Mr. Strauss. 106 00:09:41,234 --> 00:09:42,250 It's pronounced "Strauss". 107 00:09:43,535 --> 00:09:44,876 "Oppenheimer", "Oppenheimer"... 108 00:09:44,917 --> 00:09:46,791 Either way you say it, they know I'm Jewish. 109 00:09:48,158 --> 00:09:50,791 I'm president of Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan. 110 00:09:51,083 --> 00:09:53,375 "Strauss" is just a Southern pronunciation. 111 00:09:53,842 --> 00:09:57,541 Anyway, welcome to the Institute. I think you'll be very happy here. 112 00:09:57,864 --> 00:09:59,125 Yes, well, you'll love the commute. 113 00:09:59,708 --> 00:10:01,875 The position comes with that house for you and your wife, 114 00:10:02,369 --> 00:10:04,125 and your... is it two children? 115 00:10:04,416 --> 00:10:05,291 Yes, two. 116 00:10:05,812 --> 00:10:07,875 I'm a great admirer of your work. 117 00:10:08,474 --> 00:10:10,875 You're a physicist by training, Mr. Strauss? 118 00:10:10,916 --> 00:10:13,001 I'm sorry, uh, common room, four o'clock tea. 119 00:10:13,024 --> 00:10:15,664 No, I'm not trained in physics or anything else. 120 00:10:15,708 --> 00:10:16,726 I'm a self-made man. 121 00:10:16,791 --> 00:10:18,291 Ah, I can relate to that. 122 00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:20,791 Really? -Yes, my father was one. 123 00:10:22,666 --> 00:10:24,916 And this would be your office. 124 00:10:34,666 --> 00:10:36,500 I'm told he's there in most afternoons. 125 00:10:37,041 --> 00:10:38,793 You know, I've always wondered 126 00:10:38,833 --> 00:10:41,750 why you didn't involve him in the Manhattan Project. 127 00:10:44,048 --> 00:10:45,708 Greatest scientific mind of our time. 128 00:10:46,369 --> 00:10:47,375 Of his time. 129 00:10:48,409 --> 00:10:50,500 Einstein published his Theory of Relativity 130 00:10:50,541 --> 00:10:53,083 more than 40 years ago now. 131 00:10:54,375 --> 00:10:56,375 Could never embrace the quantum world it revealed. 132 00:10:56,958 --> 00:10:58,208 "God doesn't play dice." 133 00:10:59,052 --> 00:11:00,042 Precisely. 134 00:11:00,541 --> 00:11:03,041 You never thought of studying physics formally, Mr. Strauss? 135 00:11:03,250 --> 00:11:06,333 I had offers, but... I chose to sell shoes. 136 00:11:06,416 --> 00:11:08,750 Lewis Strauss was once a lowly shoe salesman. 137 00:11:10,081 --> 00:11:11,375 No, just a shoe salesman. 138 00:11:15,625 --> 00:11:18,084 I'd love to introduce you. -No need. 139 00:11:19,333 --> 00:11:20,583 I've known him for years. 140 00:11:42,625 --> 00:11:43,627 Albert. 141 00:11:48,545 --> 00:11:52,333 What was that? What did you say to him? 142 00:11:54,583 --> 00:11:55,583 Oh, he's fine. 143 00:11:57,833 --> 00:12:02,333 Mr. Strauss, there are... things in my past you ought to be aware of. 144 00:12:02,557 --> 00:12:04,291 Well, as chairman of the AEC, 145 00:12:04,333 --> 00:12:06,965 I have access to your security file. I've read it. 146 00:12:06,978 --> 00:12:08,536 You're not worried? -No. 147 00:12:08,583 --> 00:12:10,875 Why would I be worried, after everything you've done for your country? 148 00:12:10,918 --> 00:12:13,000 Well, times change, Mr. Strauss. 149 00:12:13,166 --> 00:12:14,875 Well, the purpose of this institute 150 00:12:14,958 --> 00:12:17,083 is to provide a haven for independent minds. 151 00:12:18,301 --> 00:12:19,537 That's you. 152 00:12:19,581 --> 00:12:20,940 You are the man for the job. 153 00:12:21,958 --> 00:12:23,042 Well, then I'll consider it. 154 00:12:24,083 --> 00:12:25,750 I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow. 155 00:12:30,970 --> 00:12:33,458 This is one of the most prestigious appointments in the country. 156 00:12:33,666 --> 00:12:35,333 Yes, and a great commute. 157 00:12:36,333 --> 00:12:37,666 That's why I'm considering it. 158 00:12:39,215 --> 00:12:42,855 So Dr. Oppenheimer brought your attention to his past associations 159 00:12:43,041 --> 00:12:44,374 before you appointed him? 160 00:12:44,500 --> 00:12:45,498 Yes. 161 00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:47,291 And they didn't concern you? 162 00:12:47,416 --> 00:12:50,333 Just then I was entirely consumed with what he must have said 163 00:12:50,418 --> 00:12:52,166 to Einstein to sour him on me. 164 00:12:56,241 --> 00:12:57,251 But later? 165 00:12:57,541 --> 00:12:59,083 Well, we all know what happened later. 166 00:12:59,916 --> 00:13:01,876 Doctor, your time in Europe, 167 00:13:01,916 --> 00:13:04,958 you seem to meet with a wide range of other countries' physicists. 168 00:13:05,139 --> 00:13:06,148 Yes, that's right. 169 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:07,375 Any Russians? 170 00:13:09,461 --> 00:13:12,126 None that spring to mind. If you'll just allow me 171 00:13:12,166 --> 00:13:13,958 to continue with my statement... -Mr. Robb, 172 00:13:14,002 --> 00:13:16,375 you'll have ample opportunity to cross-examine. 173 00:13:19,500 --> 00:13:24,250 After Göttingen, I moved on to Leiden, in Holland, where I first met Isidor Rabi. 174 00:13:25,416 --> 00:13:26,416 Excuse me. 175 00:13:31,333 --> 00:13:33,708 A yank. Lecturing on the new physics. 176 00:13:33,875 --> 00:13:34,870 This I have to hear. 177 00:13:34,956 --> 00:13:36,583 I'm an American myself. 178 00:13:37,166 --> 00:13:38,291 How surprising. 179 00:13:39,448 --> 00:13:41,416 Let me know if you need any help with the English. 180 00:13:55,708 --> 00:13:56,916 Wait, what's he saying? 181 00:14:08,583 --> 00:14:09,582 No, thank you. 182 00:14:09,625 --> 00:14:10,875 It's a long way to Zurich. 183 00:14:11,541 --> 00:14:14,291 If you get any skinnier, we're gonna lose you between the seat cushions. 184 00:14:14,958 --> 00:14:17,045 I'm Rabi. -Oppenheimer. 185 00:14:17,089 --> 00:14:18,750 I caught your lecture on molecules. 186 00:14:19,511 --> 00:14:20,500 Caught some of it. 187 00:14:21,652 --> 00:14:23,708 We're a couple of New York Jews, how do you know Dutch? 188 00:14:24,294 --> 00:14:26,916 Well, I thought I'd better learn it when I got here this semester. 189 00:14:26,976 --> 00:14:30,208 You learned enough Dutch in six weeks to give a lecture on quantum mechanics? 190 00:14:30,460 --> 00:14:31,799 I like to challenge myself. 191 00:14:31,979 --> 00:14:34,125 Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough. 192 00:14:34,241 --> 00:14:35,791 Shvitzer. -Shvitzer? 193 00:14:35,962 --> 00:14:36,962 Show-off. 194 00:14:37,651 --> 00:14:39,583 Dutch in six weeks, but you never learned Yiddish. 195 00:14:39,666 --> 00:14:41,750 They don't speak it so much my side of the park. 196 00:14:41,812 --> 00:14:42,792 Screw you. 197 00:14:44,433 --> 00:14:46,458 You homesick? -Oh, you know it. 198 00:14:47,774 --> 00:14:50,333 Ever get the feeling our kind isn't entirely welcome here? 199 00:14:51,055 --> 00:14:52,042 Physicists? 200 00:14:52,636 --> 00:14:54,666 That's funny. -Not in the department. 201 00:14:55,637 --> 00:14:56,833 They're all Jewish, too. 202 00:14:59,416 --> 00:15:00,414 Eat. 203 00:15:02,875 --> 00:15:04,583 There's this German you have to seek out. 204 00:15:05,996 --> 00:15:07,250 Heisenberg. -Right. 205 00:15:17,500 --> 00:15:21,376 One might be led to the presumption that behind the quantum world 206 00:15:21,583 --> 00:15:25,042 there still hides a real world in which causality holds, 207 00:15:25,083 --> 00:15:29,458 but such speculations seem to us, to say it explicitly, fruitless. 208 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:31,541 Thank you. Have a great day. 209 00:15:37,083 --> 00:15:38,291 Wonderful. -Thank you. 210 00:15:38,833 --> 00:15:41,708 Dr. Oppenheimer. -Oppenheimer, yes! 211 00:15:42,128 --> 00:15:43,805 I liked your paper on molecules. 212 00:15:43,849 --> 00:15:45,388 Probably because you inspired it. 213 00:15:45,416 --> 00:15:48,250 If I inspire anything else, let me know. We could publish together. 214 00:15:48,373 --> 00:15:50,500 I have to get back to America. -Why? 215 00:15:51,035 --> 00:15:53,750 There's no one there taking quantum mechanics seriously. 216 00:15:53,997 --> 00:15:55,125 That's exactly why. 217 00:15:55,679 --> 00:15:57,875 He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan. 218 00:15:58,401 --> 00:15:59,916 Canyons of New Mexico. 219 00:16:00,463 --> 00:16:02,240 You're from New Mexico? -No, New York. 220 00:16:02,284 --> 00:16:04,791 But my brother and I have a ranch outside Santa Fe. 221 00:16:05,970 --> 00:16:07,388 That's the America I miss right now. 222 00:16:07,750 --> 00:16:10,041 Then it's best you get home, cowboys. 223 00:16:11,112 --> 00:16:12,104 That's him. 224 00:16:12,232 --> 00:16:13,708 No, me and horses? 225 00:16:14,033 --> 00:16:15,037 I don't think so. 226 00:16:16,353 --> 00:16:17,333 Nice to meet you. 227 00:16:19,458 --> 00:16:21,333 Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again? 228 00:16:21,675 --> 00:16:23,875 Not in person, no, but... 229 00:16:25,875 --> 00:16:27,500 you might say our paths crossed. 230 00:16:29,583 --> 00:16:30,786 On returning to America, 231 00:16:30,810 --> 00:16:33,875 I accepted positions at both Caltech and up at Berkeley. 232 00:16:58,333 --> 00:16:59,875 Dr. Lawrence, I presume? 233 00:17:02,291 --> 00:17:03,333 You must be Oppenheimer. 234 00:17:03,552 --> 00:17:04,552 Yes. 235 00:17:04,732 --> 00:17:06,833 I hear you want to start a school of quantum theory. 236 00:17:07,313 --> 00:17:08,875 I am starting it, next door. 237 00:17:08,958 --> 00:17:11,041 They put you in there? -I asked for it. 238 00:17:11,166 --> 00:17:13,208 Wanted to be close to you experimentalists. 239 00:17:13,416 --> 00:17:15,041 Theory will get you only so far. 240 00:17:15,277 --> 00:17:17,208 We're building a machine to accelerate electrons. 241 00:17:17,478 --> 00:17:18,474 Magnificent. 242 00:17:18,518 --> 00:17:19,541 Would you like to help? 243 00:17:19,879 --> 00:17:22,616 Build it? Oh, no. No, no. 244 00:17:22,708 --> 00:17:25,250 But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it. 245 00:17:25,561 --> 00:17:26,568 When do you start teaching? 246 00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:28,250 I've got my first in an hour. 247 00:17:28,563 --> 00:17:30,250 Seminar? -Pupil. 248 00:17:31,004 --> 00:17:33,000 One student? That's it? 249 00:17:33,958 --> 00:17:36,126 I'm teaching something no one here has dreamt of. 250 00:17:36,416 --> 00:17:38,375 But once people start hearing what you can do with it... 251 00:17:38,416 --> 00:17:39,458 There's no going back. 252 00:17:42,333 --> 00:17:45,000 Oh, I must have missed the... -Mr. Lomanitz? 253 00:17:47,708 --> 00:17:49,458 Yeah. -Yes, this is it. 254 00:17:49,541 --> 00:17:51,291 Please, take a seat. 255 00:17:56,790 --> 00:17:58,208 What do you know about quantum mechanics? 256 00:17:59,471 --> 00:18:01,291 I have a grasp on the basics. 257 00:18:01,333 --> 00:18:02,375 Then you're doing it wrong. 258 00:18:03,456 --> 00:18:05,708 Is life made up of particles or waves? 259 00:18:06,208 --> 00:18:08,458 Quantum mechanics says it's both. How can it be both? 260 00:18:08,943 --> 00:18:10,083 It can't. -It can't. 261 00:18:10,805 --> 00:18:11,824 But it is. 262 00:18:11,875 --> 00:18:15,041 It's paradoxical, and yet, it works. 263 00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:27,001 Thank you. 264 00:18:27,601 --> 00:18:30,375 Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay. 265 00:18:30,708 --> 00:18:31,689 Mr. Snyder. 266 00:18:32,416 --> 00:18:33,958 Now, let's consider a star. 267 00:18:34,498 --> 00:18:37,709 A star, a vast furnace burning in outer space, 268 00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:41,166 fire pushing outwards against its own gravity, balanced. 269 00:18:42,883 --> 00:18:44,666 But if that furnace cools, 270 00:18:45,416 --> 00:18:47,833 and gravity starts winning, it contracts. 271 00:18:48,375 --> 00:18:50,625 Density increases. -Correct. 272 00:18:51,105 --> 00:18:53,500 Increasing gravity. -Increasing density. 273 00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:55,583 And? -It's a vicious cycle until... 274 00:18:56,166 --> 00:18:57,167 What's the limit here? 275 00:18:58,832 --> 00:19:00,917 I don't know. See where the math takes us. 276 00:19:00,958 --> 00:19:02,995 I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been before us. 277 00:19:03,041 --> 00:19:04,041 Me? 278 00:19:04,782 --> 00:19:06,625 Yes, you. Your math is better than mine. 279 00:19:08,625 --> 00:19:11,708 Dr. Oppenheimer's file contained details 280 00:19:11,750 --> 00:19:13,126 of his activities at Berkeley. 281 00:19:13,166 --> 00:19:16,750 Why would they have started a file on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war? 282 00:19:17,587 --> 00:19:19,833 Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover. 283 00:19:20,095 --> 00:19:21,916 I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss. 284 00:19:22,458 --> 00:19:23,750 Uh, my assumption 285 00:19:24,250 --> 00:19:27,791 is that it was connected to his, uh, 286 00:19:28,101 --> 00:19:30,250 left-wing political activities. 287 00:19:32,083 --> 00:19:34,333 You shouldn't let them bring their politics in the classroom, Oppie. 288 00:19:35,664 --> 00:19:36,667 I wrote that. 289 00:19:37,083 --> 00:19:39,662 Lawrence, you embraced the revolution in physics. 290 00:19:39,708 --> 00:19:41,125 Can't you see it everywhere else? 291 00:19:41,833 --> 00:19:44,042 Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx. 292 00:19:44,083 --> 00:19:46,541 Well, this is America, Oppie. We had our revolution. 293 00:19:47,886 --> 00:19:50,458 Seriously, keep it out of the lab. 294 00:19:50,791 --> 00:19:52,625 Well, out of the lab, 295 00:19:52,833 --> 00:19:55,458 my landlady is having a discussion group tonight. 296 00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:56,667 Interested? 297 00:19:56,708 --> 00:19:58,626 I have sampled the Berkeley political scene. 298 00:19:58,666 --> 00:20:02,958 It's all just philosophy post-grads and communists talking integration. 299 00:20:03,083 --> 00:20:04,375 You don't care about integration? 300 00:20:04,625 --> 00:20:06,569 I want to vote for it, not talk about it. 301 00:20:06,666 --> 00:20:08,666 Especially on a Friday. Come on, let's eat. 302 00:20:09,133 --> 00:20:10,541 I'm meeting my brother there. 303 00:20:11,291 --> 00:20:14,875 And how would these activities have come to the attention of the FBI? 304 00:20:15,083 --> 00:20:17,041 Well, if I remember correctly, 305 00:20:17,083 --> 00:20:21,292 the FBI was taking license plates outside suspected communist gatherings, 306 00:20:21,335 --> 00:20:22,749 and his name popped up. 307 00:20:31,348 --> 00:20:33,041 Jesus Christ! -Sorry. 308 00:20:33,125 --> 00:20:34,125 Frank! 309 00:20:35,708 --> 00:20:38,000 Uh, you remember Jackie? -Evening. 310 00:20:44,679 --> 00:20:47,875 Robert! I want you to meet Chevalier. 311 00:20:48,103 --> 00:20:51,164 Dr. Haakon Chevalier, Dr. Robert Oppenheimer. 312 00:20:51,208 --> 00:20:51,875 Pleasure. -Pleasure. 313 00:20:51,906 --> 00:20:53,708 This is my little brother, Frank. 314 00:20:54,041 --> 00:20:55,828 And this is... -Still Jackie. 315 00:20:55,875 --> 00:20:57,000 Hello, Still Jackie. 316 00:20:57,132 --> 00:21:00,933 Chevalier, you're in languages? -And your reputation precedes you. 317 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:02,001 What have you heard? 318 00:21:02,098 --> 00:21:04,278 That you're teaching a radical new approach to physics 319 00:21:04,291 --> 00:21:07,541 I have no chance of understanding, but I haven't heard you're a party member. 320 00:21:07,583 --> 00:21:09,321 Uh, I'm not. -Oh, not yet. 321 00:21:09,375 --> 00:21:10,834 Frank and I are thinking of joining. 322 00:21:10,875 --> 00:21:13,041 Just the other day I was saying... -I support a range of causes. 323 00:21:13,266 --> 00:21:14,266 Spanish Civil War? 324 00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:17,458 A democratic republic being overthrown by fascist thugs. 325 00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:18,791 Who wouldn't? -Our government. 326 00:21:18,870 --> 00:21:21,610 They think that socialism is a bigger threat than fascism. 327 00:21:21,625 --> 00:21:24,250 Not for long. Look at what the Nazis are doing to the Jews. 328 00:21:24,333 --> 00:21:26,916 I send funds to colleagues in Germany to emigrate. 329 00:21:26,958 --> 00:21:28,291 I have to do something. 330 00:21:29,618 --> 00:21:32,458 My own work is so... abstract. 331 00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:33,500 What are you working on? 332 00:21:33,541 --> 00:21:35,833 What happens to stars when they die? 333 00:21:36,041 --> 00:21:37,291 Do stars die? 334 00:21:38,463 --> 00:21:42,043 Well, if they do, they'd cool, then collapse. 335 00:21:42,083 --> 00:21:44,604 In fact, the bigger the star, 336 00:21:44,750 --> 00:21:46,666 the more violent its demise. 337 00:21:47,187 --> 00:21:50,500 Their gravity gets so concentrated, it swallows everything. 338 00:21:51,333 --> 00:21:52,375 Everything, even light. 339 00:21:52,958 --> 00:21:55,875 Can that really happen? -The math says it can. 340 00:21:55,972 --> 00:21:59,041 If we can get published, then perhaps one day an astronomer finds one. 341 00:21:59,083 --> 00:22:00,834 But right now, all I have is theory, 342 00:22:00,875 --> 00:22:02,916 which can't impact people's lives. 343 00:22:02,931 --> 00:22:05,125 Well, if you're going to send money to Spain, 344 00:22:05,166 --> 00:22:06,541 do it through the Communist Party. 345 00:22:06,653 --> 00:22:08,000 They can get it to the front lines. 346 00:22:08,041 --> 00:22:09,208 Mary sent me with these. 347 00:22:11,174 --> 00:22:13,541 I'm Jean. -Robert. 348 00:22:13,875 --> 00:22:16,583 Haakon Chevalier. That union meeting at Serber's last month. 349 00:22:17,096 --> 00:22:18,250 Right, right, yes. 350 00:22:18,708 --> 00:22:19,708 Oh, thank you. 351 00:22:20,297 --> 00:22:22,041 Robert here says he's not a communist. 352 00:22:22,318 --> 00:22:24,333 Well, then he doesn't know enough about it. 353 00:22:24,539 --> 00:22:27,125 Oh, I've read Das Kapital, all three volumes. 354 00:22:27,190 --> 00:22:28,209 Does that count? 355 00:22:28,230 --> 00:22:30,333 It would make you better-read than most party members. 356 00:22:30,432 --> 00:22:32,689 Turgid stuff. There's some thinking, um... 357 00:22:32,733 --> 00:22:34,041 "Ownership is theft." 358 00:22:34,334 --> 00:22:35,750 Property. -Property? 359 00:22:36,335 --> 00:22:37,541 Property, not ownership. 360 00:22:37,696 --> 00:22:39,791 I'm sorry, I read it in the original German. 361 00:22:43,379 --> 00:22:45,916 It's not about the book. It's about the ideas. 362 00:22:46,021 --> 00:22:47,666 And you sound uncommitted. 363 00:22:48,042 --> 00:22:51,083 I'm committed to thinking freely about how to improve our world. 364 00:22:51,984 --> 00:22:54,083 Why limit yourself to one dogma? 365 00:22:54,179 --> 00:22:56,333 You're a physicist. Do you pick and choose rules? 366 00:22:57,166 --> 00:23:00,875 Or do you use the discipline to channel your energies into progress? 367 00:23:01,375 --> 00:23:02,791 I like a little wiggle room. 368 00:23:04,250 --> 00:23:05,791 Do you always toe the party line? 369 00:23:07,927 --> 00:23:09,416 I like my wiggle room, too. 370 00:23:20,458 --> 00:23:21,460 What? 371 00:23:22,458 --> 00:23:23,460 Wait, wait, wait. 372 00:23:27,518 --> 00:23:28,541 Unexpected. 373 00:23:29,219 --> 00:23:30,208 What? 374 00:23:30,439 --> 00:23:31,537 For a physicist. 375 00:23:31,583 --> 00:23:33,916 You only have a shelf full of Freud? 376 00:23:34,166 --> 00:23:37,541 Well, actually, my background's more... -Jungian? 377 00:23:39,801 --> 00:23:41,041 You know analysis? 378 00:23:41,291 --> 00:23:44,500 When I was in post-grad at Cambridge, I had a little trouble. 379 00:23:45,803 --> 00:23:48,320 I'll bite. -I tried to poison my tutor. 380 00:23:48,364 --> 00:23:50,625 Did you hate him? -I liked him very much. 381 00:23:51,208 --> 00:23:52,541 You just needed to get laid. 382 00:23:52,750 --> 00:23:54,334 It took my analysts two years, 383 00:23:54,375 --> 00:23:56,583 and I don't think they ever put it that succinctly. 384 00:23:56,625 --> 00:24:00,291 You have everyone convinced you're more complicated than you actually are. 385 00:24:00,426 --> 00:24:02,666 We're all simple souls, I guess. 386 00:24:02,928 --> 00:24:03,918 I'm not. 387 00:24:06,631 --> 00:24:07,627 What's this? 388 00:24:07,772 --> 00:24:08,757 Sanskrit. 389 00:24:09,053 --> 00:24:10,083 You can read this? 390 00:24:10,833 --> 00:24:11,832 I'm learning. 391 00:24:17,416 --> 00:24:18,416 Read this. 392 00:24:19,902 --> 00:24:21,000 Well, in this part, 393 00:24:21,458 --> 00:24:24,416 Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self... -No. 394 00:24:25,958 --> 00:24:27,125 Read the words. 395 00:24:31,291 --> 00:24:33,125 "And now I am become Death... 396 00:24:39,625 --> 00:24:41,041 "destroyer of worlds." 397 00:25:11,833 --> 00:25:12,833 This'll do. 398 00:25:19,666 --> 00:25:20,750 It'll break before dawn. 399 00:25:21,371 --> 00:25:22,625 Air cools overnight. 400 00:25:23,125 --> 00:25:24,625 Just before dawn, it breaks. 401 00:25:35,420 --> 00:25:38,541 Well, so, I'm getting married. 402 00:25:38,750 --> 00:25:41,458 Frank! congratulations! -Thank you, thank you. 403 00:25:41,500 --> 00:25:43,583 To Jackie? -Yeah, to Jackie. 404 00:25:44,916 --> 00:25:48,000 The waitress? -Oppie, you're right. It's letting up. 405 00:25:48,106 --> 00:25:49,375 I'm gonna go see if there's any stars. 406 00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:54,125 All your talk about the common man, but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm? 407 00:25:55,122 --> 00:25:57,360 We joined the party, and you can't hide your disappointment. 408 00:25:57,416 --> 00:25:59,355 Why? Is that because that's supposed to be your thing? 409 00:25:59,483 --> 00:26:00,791 I haven't joined the party, Frank. 410 00:26:01,163 --> 00:26:03,416 And I don't think she should have convinced you to either. 411 00:26:03,624 --> 00:26:06,250 Half of the faculty is communist. -Not that half. 412 00:26:07,945 --> 00:26:10,724 I'm your brother, Frank, and I want you to be cautious. 413 00:26:10,791 --> 00:26:12,000 And I want to wring your neck. 414 00:26:14,333 --> 00:26:17,416 I won't live my life afraid to make a mistake. 415 00:26:19,553 --> 00:26:22,541 You're happy... I'm happy. 416 00:26:22,875 --> 00:26:25,291 So then I'm happy you're happy that I'm happy. 417 00:26:30,583 --> 00:26:33,083 I feel like I can see one of those dark stars that you're working on. 418 00:26:33,916 --> 00:26:34,916 You can't. 419 00:26:35,416 --> 00:26:38,345 That's the whole point. Their gravity swallows light. 420 00:26:39,833 --> 00:26:42,083 It's like a kind of hole in space. 421 00:26:43,125 --> 00:26:44,125 Is Frank okay? 422 00:26:44,416 --> 00:26:46,666 Yes. He just has a shitty brother. 423 00:26:48,125 --> 00:26:49,250 It is special here. 424 00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:53,000 When I was a kid... 425 00:26:54,541 --> 00:26:56,041 I thought if I could find a way... 426 00:26:57,583 --> 00:27:01,125 to combine physics and New Mexico, 427 00:27:01,875 --> 00:27:03,250 my life would be perfect. 428 00:27:05,625 --> 00:27:07,375 Little remote for that. -Yes. 429 00:27:08,166 --> 00:27:09,291 Let's get some sleep. 430 00:27:10,666 --> 00:27:14,333 That mesa we saw today, one of my favorite places in the world. 431 00:27:15,333 --> 00:27:17,666 Tomorrow we'll climb it. -What's it called? 432 00:27:19,333 --> 00:27:20,458 Los Alamos. 433 00:27:24,568 --> 00:27:26,250 I didn't expect to see you today. 434 00:27:27,791 --> 00:27:29,208 Do I have to make an appointment? 435 00:27:33,557 --> 00:27:34,557 Alvarez? 436 00:27:40,625 --> 00:27:42,583 Oppie! Oppie! 437 00:27:43,333 --> 00:27:44,791 What? What is it? 438 00:27:45,416 --> 00:27:46,416 They've done it. 439 00:27:46,737 --> 00:27:48,333 They've done it. Hahn and Strassmann in Germany. 440 00:27:48,378 --> 00:27:49,625 They split the uranium nucleus. 441 00:27:51,740 --> 00:27:52,750 How? 442 00:27:54,208 --> 00:27:55,541 Bombard it with neutrons. 443 00:27:56,003 --> 00:27:57,208 It's a nuclear fission. 444 00:27:57,464 --> 00:27:58,916 They did it. They split the atom. 445 00:27:58,958 --> 00:27:59,958 That's not possible. 446 00:28:06,375 --> 00:28:07,708 I'm gonna try to reproduce it. 447 00:28:14,916 --> 00:28:16,625 See? Can't be done. 448 00:28:17,998 --> 00:28:19,000 Very elegant. 449 00:28:20,079 --> 00:28:21,083 Quite clear. 450 00:28:21,399 --> 00:28:22,416 There's just one problem. 451 00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:23,583 Where? 452 00:28:24,201 --> 00:28:25,208 Next door. 453 00:28:25,833 --> 00:28:26,874 Alvarez did it. 454 00:28:28,250 --> 00:28:29,247 And look. 455 00:28:30,144 --> 00:28:32,531 These fission pulses, they're massive. 456 00:28:33,208 --> 00:28:36,166 I've seen 30 of these in the past ten minutes. 457 00:28:37,232 --> 00:28:39,083 Theory will take you only so far. 458 00:28:41,095 --> 00:28:42,166 During the process... 459 00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:46,000 extra neutrons boil off, which could be used 460 00:28:46,041 --> 00:28:48,000 to split other uranium atoms. 461 00:28:48,300 --> 00:28:49,291 Chain reaction. 462 00:28:49,981 --> 00:28:51,196 You're thinking what I'm thinking. 463 00:28:51,282 --> 00:28:55,333 You, me, and every other physicist around the world who's seen the news. 464 00:28:56,166 --> 00:28:57,916 I just... what, what are we all thinking? 465 00:28:58,948 --> 00:29:01,458 A bomb, Alvarez. 466 00:29:02,875 --> 00:29:03,873 A bomb. 467 00:29:05,375 --> 00:29:07,625 I told you, Robert, no more fucking flowers. 468 00:29:09,708 --> 00:29:12,625 I don't understand what you want from me. -I don't want anything from you! 469 00:29:14,162 --> 00:29:17,666 Well, you say that, and then you call. -Well, don't answer. 470 00:29:18,958 --> 00:29:20,125 I'll always answer. 471 00:29:25,708 --> 00:29:26,708 Fine. 472 00:29:27,185 --> 00:29:28,458 Just no more flowers. 473 00:29:30,333 --> 00:29:31,330 You're not coming? 474 00:29:33,587 --> 00:29:35,500 You have to know when you're beaten, Robert. 475 00:29:37,916 --> 00:29:39,458 It's not that simple, Haak. 476 00:29:40,008 --> 00:29:43,291 Chevalier, good to see you. Barbara, good to see you. 477 00:29:43,333 --> 00:29:45,500 And the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer. 478 00:29:45,916 --> 00:29:47,500 I'm Eltenton. -Oh, pleasure. 479 00:29:47,524 --> 00:29:48,541 Please, please. 480 00:29:48,583 --> 00:29:51,583 Why don't you say a word about organized labor on campuses? 481 00:29:51,916 --> 00:29:54,208 Yes? Coming through, coming through! 482 00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:55,250 I work at Shell. 483 00:29:55,291 --> 00:29:57,500 We've signed up chemists, we've signed up engineers. 484 00:29:57,791 --> 00:29:59,458 So why not sciences and academia? 485 00:29:59,833 --> 00:30:03,500 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 486 00:30:13,791 --> 00:30:15,333 Teachers are unionized. 487 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:17,125 Why not professors? 488 00:30:17,541 --> 00:30:18,625 Don't you have somewhere to be? 489 00:30:18,708 --> 00:30:21,041 Lawrence, academics have rights too. 490 00:30:21,333 --> 00:30:23,375 Look, it's not that. I've got a group coming. 491 00:30:23,652 --> 00:30:26,125 Oh. I'll sit in. -Not this one. 492 00:30:32,756 --> 00:30:34,666 Richard, Dr. Bush. 493 00:30:34,708 --> 00:30:36,041 What brings you two up north? 494 00:30:45,726 --> 00:30:48,625 Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be down in Pasadena Thursday. 495 00:30:58,666 --> 00:31:00,791 Paper on black holes, it's in! 496 00:31:02,690 --> 00:31:03,707 Where's Hartland? 497 00:31:04,333 --> 00:31:06,333 Get Hartland. Get Hartland. 498 00:31:06,458 --> 00:31:09,875 September 1st, 1939? The world's gonna remember this day. 499 00:31:11,625 --> 00:31:13,500 Oh, Hartland, our paper, it's in print. 500 00:31:13,666 --> 00:31:14,875 You've been upstaged. 501 00:31:19,265 --> 00:31:21,666 During the Battle of Britain, I found myself 502 00:31:22,250 --> 00:31:24,416 increasingly out of sympathy with the... 503 00:31:24,875 --> 00:31:27,875 policy of neutrality that communists advocated. 504 00:31:27,916 --> 00:31:30,416 But after Hitler invaded Russia and we became allies, 505 00:31:31,208 --> 00:31:33,250 these communist sympathies, do they return? 506 00:31:33,627 --> 00:31:34,627 No. 507 00:31:35,500 --> 00:31:39,500 I need to make clear that my changing views on Russia 508 00:31:39,541 --> 00:31:42,541 did not mean a sharp break from those who held different views. 509 00:31:43,041 --> 00:31:45,416 For a year or two during a previous marriage, 510 00:31:45,458 --> 00:31:48,375 my wife Kitty had been a Communist Party member. 511 00:31:53,541 --> 00:31:54,833 This is where I keep the good stuff. 512 00:31:54,875 --> 00:31:56,666 Well, I thought this was the Tolmans' house. 513 00:31:56,708 --> 00:31:58,791 I live with them while I'm at Caltech. 514 00:31:58,833 --> 00:32:00,208 Do you two need anything? 515 00:32:00,425 --> 00:32:01,500 We're good, Ruthie. 516 00:32:02,846 --> 00:32:05,625 So, you're a biologist. 517 00:32:06,208 --> 00:32:09,208 Well, somehow I have graduated to housewife. 518 00:32:09,583 --> 00:32:11,666 Can you explain quantum mechanics to me? 519 00:32:11,958 --> 00:32:14,666 Seems baffling. -Yes, it is. 520 00:32:16,041 --> 00:32:17,500 Well, this glass, 521 00:32:18,666 --> 00:32:21,666 this drink... this countertop... 522 00:32:23,062 --> 00:32:24,208 Our bodies. 523 00:32:26,105 --> 00:32:27,125 All of it. 524 00:32:28,291 --> 00:32:29,750 It's mostly empty space. 525 00:32:30,150 --> 00:32:33,458 Groupings of tiny energy waves bound together. 526 00:32:33,541 --> 00:32:34,625 By what? 527 00:32:34,666 --> 00:32:37,833 Forces of attraction strong enough to convince us 528 00:32:38,541 --> 00:32:40,541 that matter is solid. 529 00:32:40,791 --> 00:32:42,958 Stop my body passing through yours. 530 00:32:55,583 --> 00:32:57,333 You're married to Dr. Harrison. 531 00:32:57,833 --> 00:32:58,875 Not very. 532 00:33:00,777 --> 00:33:04,333 There is someone that I feel... 533 00:33:04,666 --> 00:33:05,875 Does she feel that way? 534 00:33:06,438 --> 00:33:07,625 Sometimes. 535 00:33:08,458 --> 00:33:09,457 Not enough. 536 00:33:11,166 --> 00:33:13,458 You know, I'm going to New Mexico. 537 00:33:14,186 --> 00:33:15,875 To my ranch, with friends. 538 00:33:16,125 --> 00:33:17,125 You should come. 539 00:33:18,333 --> 00:33:19,666 I meant, with your husband. 540 00:33:20,088 --> 00:33:21,083 Yes, you did. 541 00:33:21,416 --> 00:33:23,541 Because you know it won't make a bit of difference. 542 00:33:28,365 --> 00:33:29,500 Why did you marry him? 543 00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:33,291 I was lost, and... he was kind. 544 00:33:35,730 --> 00:33:36,750 Lost? 545 00:33:37,041 --> 00:33:39,333 Well, my previous husband had died, and... 546 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:41,958 at 28, I wasn't really ready to be a widow. 547 00:33:42,583 --> 00:33:44,541 Who was your first husband? -Nobody. 548 00:33:44,836 --> 00:33:46,958 My second husband was Joe Dallet. 549 00:33:47,083 --> 00:33:49,425 He was from money, like me, 550 00:33:49,449 --> 00:33:52,875 but he was a union organizer in Youngstown, Ohio. 551 00:33:53,041 --> 00:33:54,041 I fell hard. 552 00:33:55,125 --> 00:33:57,208 How hard? -Hard enough to spend the next four years 553 00:33:57,250 --> 00:33:58,500 living off beans and pancakes, 554 00:33:58,541 --> 00:34:00,791 handing out the Daily Worker at factory gates. 555 00:34:02,083 --> 00:34:04,416 By '36, I just told Joe I couldn't take it anymore. 556 00:34:04,495 --> 00:34:05,500 Quit the party. 557 00:34:05,583 --> 00:34:07,041 A year later, I wanted him back. 558 00:34:07,083 --> 00:34:09,250 Him, not the Daily Worker. And... 559 00:34:09,750 --> 00:34:11,791 he said: "Swell, I'll meet you on my way to Spain." 560 00:34:11,918 --> 00:34:13,083 Went to fight for the Loyalists? 561 00:34:13,125 --> 00:34:14,916 And then he went to the brigades and I waited. 562 00:34:15,208 --> 00:34:16,208 And... 563 00:34:18,083 --> 00:34:20,708 Joe got himself killed first time he popped his head out of the trench. 564 00:34:22,481 --> 00:34:24,750 Ideology got Joe killed, for nothing. 565 00:34:24,791 --> 00:34:26,583 The Spanish Republic isn't nothing. 566 00:34:26,685 --> 00:34:29,625 My husband offered both our futures to stop one fascist bullet 567 00:34:29,666 --> 00:34:31,666 from embedding itself in a mud bank. 568 00:34:32,811 --> 00:34:34,833 That's the definition of nothing. 569 00:34:35,166 --> 00:34:37,125 Seems a little reductive. -Pragmatic. 570 00:34:39,177 --> 00:34:40,166 Now here I am. 571 00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:44,333 Wherever the hell this is. 572 00:34:52,041 --> 00:34:54,291 I didn't want you to hear it from anyone else. 573 00:34:57,333 --> 00:34:59,083 At least you didn't bring me flowers. 574 00:35:06,791 --> 00:35:09,166 We both know I'm not what you want, Jean. 575 00:35:10,416 --> 00:35:12,416 Yeah, but it's a door closing. 576 00:35:13,208 --> 00:35:14,208 No. 577 00:35:16,154 --> 00:35:17,875 Not as far as I'm concerned, no. 578 00:35:19,801 --> 00:35:21,958 You knocked her up. Fast work. 579 00:35:22,202 --> 00:35:23,625 Can't keep a good man down. 580 00:35:24,833 --> 00:35:25,958 I meant her. 581 00:35:27,002 --> 00:35:28,000 She knew what she wanted. 582 00:35:28,663 --> 00:35:29,833 What about the husband? 583 00:35:30,463 --> 00:35:31,458 We talked. 584 00:35:31,763 --> 00:35:33,125 They're getting a divorce, 585 00:35:33,166 --> 00:35:36,916 so we can get married before she starts showing. 586 00:35:37,166 --> 00:35:38,541 How civilized. 587 00:35:40,791 --> 00:35:41,791 You idiot. 588 00:35:42,125 --> 00:35:43,500 This is your community. 589 00:35:44,500 --> 00:35:46,666 You think the rules don't apply to the golden boy? 590 00:35:47,750 --> 00:35:49,458 Brilliance makes up for a lot. 591 00:35:50,125 --> 00:35:53,541 Don't alienate the only people in the world that understand what you do. 592 00:35:55,416 --> 00:35:56,833 One day you might need them. 593 00:35:57,083 --> 00:35:59,416 F-A-E-C-T! 594 00:35:59,583 --> 00:36:03,708 Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians. 595 00:36:10,873 --> 00:36:12,708 Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month? 596 00:36:13,074 --> 00:36:14,208 That's not the point, Lawrence. 597 00:36:14,255 --> 00:36:18,791 What do any of you have in common with farm laborers and dock workers? 598 00:36:19,208 --> 00:36:20,211 Plenty. 599 00:36:21,666 --> 00:36:23,583 Everybody out. Now! 600 00:36:28,250 --> 00:36:29,250 Not you. 601 00:36:35,541 --> 00:36:36,543 What are you doing? 602 00:36:37,333 --> 00:36:38,333 It's a trade union. 603 00:36:38,943 --> 00:36:42,140 Filled with communists. -So? I haven't joined the party. 604 00:36:42,184 --> 00:36:45,166 They won't let me bring you onto the project because of this shit. 605 00:36:45,833 --> 00:36:47,666 They won't even let me tell you what the project is. 606 00:36:47,708 --> 00:36:49,833 Oh, I know what the project is. 607 00:36:49,875 --> 00:36:50,958 Oh, really? 608 00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:53,782 We've all heard about Einstein and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt 609 00:36:53,806 --> 00:36:55,250 warning him the Germans could make a bomb, 610 00:36:55,291 --> 00:36:58,500 and I know what it means for the Nazis to have a bomb. 611 00:36:58,708 --> 00:36:59,708 And I don't? 612 00:37:00,195 --> 00:37:02,333 It's not your people they're herding into camps. 613 00:37:03,157 --> 00:37:04,167 It's mine. 614 00:37:05,208 --> 00:37:07,541 You think that I tell them about your politics? 615 00:37:09,625 --> 00:37:11,458 The next time you're coming home from a meeting, 616 00:37:11,583 --> 00:37:13,458 why don't you take a look in the rearview mirror, 617 00:37:13,791 --> 00:37:18,458 listen to the sounds on your phone line, and stop being so goddamn naive? 618 00:37:20,041 --> 00:37:21,291 Why would they care what I do? 619 00:37:21,573 --> 00:37:25,208 Because you're not just self-important, you're actually important. 620 00:37:28,916 --> 00:37:29,917 Okay. 621 00:37:31,416 --> 00:37:32,416 I get it. 622 00:37:32,441 --> 00:37:34,199 If you could just be a little more... 623 00:37:34,223 --> 00:37:37,181 Pragmatic. I'll talk to Lomanitz, I'll talk to the others. 624 00:37:37,225 --> 00:37:38,541 You don't have to worry, it's done. 625 00:37:39,333 --> 00:37:40,334 Lawrence. 626 00:37:45,458 --> 00:37:46,583 Then welcome to the war. 627 00:37:47,583 --> 00:37:50,958 I filled out my first security questionnaire and was informed 628 00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:53,655 that my involvement with left-wing groups would 629 00:37:54,125 --> 00:37:57,166 not prove a bar to my working on the atomic program. 630 00:37:57,196 --> 00:37:59,916 Why were his communist associations 631 00:37:59,958 --> 00:38:02,875 not seen as a security risk during the war? 632 00:38:02,919 --> 00:38:04,669 Senator, I can't possibly answer 633 00:38:04,693 --> 00:38:07,997 for security clearance granted years before I ever met the man. 634 00:38:08,041 --> 00:38:09,250 Fine. What about after? 635 00:38:10,041 --> 00:38:12,522 After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer was 636 00:38:12,546 --> 00:38:15,708 the most respected scientific voice in the world. 637 00:38:15,916 --> 00:38:18,048 That's why I asked him to run the Institute. 638 00:38:18,092 --> 00:38:20,916 That's why he advised the Atomic Energy Commission. 639 00:38:21,166 --> 00:38:22,166 Simple as that. 640 00:38:22,666 --> 00:38:24,041 What are they accusing me of? 641 00:38:24,916 --> 00:38:28,226 I think they just want to know what happened between 1947 and 1954 642 00:38:28,250 --> 00:38:30,791 to change your mind on Oppenheimer's security clearance. 643 00:38:31,041 --> 00:38:32,041 I didn't. 644 00:38:32,166 --> 00:38:34,958 I was chair of the AEC, but it wasn't me 645 00:38:35,500 --> 00:38:38,225 that brought the charges against Robert. -Who did? 646 00:38:38,291 --> 00:38:40,791 Some former staff member of the Joint Congressional Committee. 647 00:38:40,833 --> 00:38:43,291 He was a rabid anti-communist named Borden. 648 00:38:43,695 --> 00:38:46,155 He wrote to the FBI demanding they take action. 649 00:38:46,291 --> 00:38:48,750 The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct? 650 00:38:48,916 --> 00:38:51,000 You'd get caught holding the knife yourself. 651 00:38:51,741 --> 00:38:53,291 What did Borden have against Oppenheimer? 652 00:38:53,541 --> 00:38:54,750 This is the McCarthy era. 653 00:38:55,874 --> 00:38:59,750 People hounded out of jobs for any hint of red, and... 654 00:39:00,661 --> 00:39:03,791 Reading Oppenheimer's security file, his communist brother, 655 00:39:03,833 --> 00:39:06,583 sister-in-law, fiancée, best friend, wife. 656 00:39:06,875 --> 00:39:09,322 That's before we even get to the Chevalier incident. 657 00:39:09,375 --> 00:39:12,291 But how would Borden have access to Oppenheimer's security file? 658 00:39:12,745 --> 00:39:14,166 Because somebody gave it to him. 659 00:39:15,750 --> 00:39:17,958 Somebody who wanted Robert silenced. 660 00:39:18,666 --> 00:39:20,208 Who? -Who knows? 661 00:39:20,288 --> 00:39:24,166 Robert didn't take care not to upset the power brokers in Washington. 662 00:39:25,130 --> 00:39:27,458 His opinions on the atom became definitive, 663 00:39:27,875 --> 00:39:30,333 and he wasn't always patient with us mere mortals. 664 00:39:34,125 --> 00:39:36,458 I came in for plenty of harsh treatment. 665 00:39:36,500 --> 00:39:39,416 There was an AEC vote 666 00:39:39,916 --> 00:39:42,250 on the export of isotopes to Norway, 667 00:39:42,291 --> 00:39:45,041 and they drafted in Robert to make me look like a fool. 668 00:39:45,091 --> 00:39:48,293 But Dr. Oppenheimer, we've already heard from Admiral Strauss 669 00:39:48,317 --> 00:39:51,416 that these isotopes could be useful to our enemies 670 00:39:51,458 --> 00:39:52,916 in the production of atomic weapons. 671 00:39:52,994 --> 00:39:56,291 Congressman, you could use a shovel in making atomic weapons. 672 00:39:56,416 --> 00:39:57,352 In fact, you do. 673 00:39:57,396 --> 00:40:00,393 You could use a bottle of beer in making atomic weapons. 674 00:40:00,437 --> 00:40:03,083 In fact, you do. I'd say isotopes are 675 00:40:03,125 --> 00:40:05,208 less useful than electronic components, 676 00:40:05,250 --> 00:40:06,875 but more useful than a sandwich. 677 00:40:11,125 --> 00:40:12,625 Genius is no guarantee of wisdom. 678 00:40:13,708 --> 00:40:16,250 How could this man who saw so much be so blind? 679 00:40:26,083 --> 00:40:27,083 Kitty? 680 00:40:32,208 --> 00:40:33,208 Kitty? 681 00:40:34,750 --> 00:40:35,750 Kitty. 682 00:40:36,125 --> 00:40:37,125 The project. 683 00:40:38,083 --> 00:40:39,083 I'm in. 684 00:40:40,166 --> 00:40:42,291 I'm in! -Let's celebrate. 685 00:40:48,416 --> 00:40:49,625 Shouldn't you go to him? 686 00:40:54,708 --> 00:40:57,791 I have been going to him all fucking day. 687 00:41:23,625 --> 00:41:25,250 I don't know how to say this. 688 00:41:26,794 --> 00:41:27,916 I'm ashamed to ask. 689 00:41:28,666 --> 00:41:29,666 Anything. 690 00:41:30,576 --> 00:41:32,291 Take Peter. -Sure. 691 00:41:32,458 --> 00:41:34,458 No, for a while, Haak. 692 00:41:35,208 --> 00:41:36,207 A while. 693 00:41:38,458 --> 00:41:41,500 Does Kitty know you're here? -Yes, of course she knows. 694 00:41:42,625 --> 00:41:43,750 Of course she knows. 695 00:41:44,874 --> 00:41:47,193 We're awful people. Selfish, awful people. 696 00:41:49,791 --> 00:41:50,792 Forget I asked. 697 00:41:50,836 --> 00:41:52,852 Selfish, awful people, 698 00:41:52,896 --> 00:41:55,458 they don't know they're selfish and awful. 699 00:41:56,057 --> 00:41:57,291 Sit, sit, sit. 700 00:41:58,875 --> 00:42:02,791 Robert, you see beyond the world we live in. 701 00:42:04,579 --> 00:42:06,500 There is a price to be paid for that. 702 00:42:07,166 --> 00:42:08,333 Of course we'll help you. 703 00:42:19,708 --> 00:42:21,458 Everything's changing, Robert. 704 00:42:22,166 --> 00:42:23,875 Having a child was always going to change... 705 00:42:23,916 --> 00:42:27,416 No, the world is pivoting in some new direction. 706 00:42:28,583 --> 00:42:29,666 Reforming. 707 00:42:32,208 --> 00:42:33,291 This is your moment. 708 00:42:35,211 --> 00:42:38,250 We're putting together a group to study... -We shouldn't be doing anything. 709 00:42:38,593 --> 00:42:39,582 You should. 710 00:42:40,395 --> 00:42:42,041 Lawrence won't get this done. 711 00:42:42,625 --> 00:42:44,458 Or Tolman or Rabi. You will. 712 00:42:54,000 --> 00:42:55,125 Who are the uniforms? 713 00:42:56,500 --> 00:42:57,500 I thought you might know. 714 00:43:00,140 --> 00:43:01,124 Dr. Oppenheimer. 715 00:43:02,583 --> 00:43:05,875 I'm Colonel Groves. This is Lieutenant Colonel Nichols. 716 00:43:06,125 --> 00:43:07,123 Have that dry cleaned. 717 00:43:13,004 --> 00:43:15,458 Well, if that's how you treat a lieutenant colonel, 718 00:43:15,500 --> 00:43:18,875 I'd hate to see how you treat a... humble physicist. 719 00:43:18,916 --> 00:43:20,791 If I ever meet one, I'll let you know. 720 00:43:21,791 --> 00:43:24,375 Ouch. -Theaters of combat all over the world, 721 00:43:24,416 --> 00:43:26,000 but I have to stay in Washington. 722 00:43:26,791 --> 00:43:28,910 Why? -I built the Pentagon. 723 00:43:28,954 --> 00:43:30,166 The brass likes it so much, 724 00:43:30,208 --> 00:43:33,375 they made me take over the Manhattan Engineer District. 725 00:43:34,197 --> 00:43:36,916 Which is? -Don't be a smartass. 726 00:43:37,166 --> 00:43:38,276 You know damn well what it is. 727 00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:40,837 You and half of every physics department across the country. 728 00:43:40,881 --> 00:43:42,125 That's problem number one. 729 00:43:42,916 --> 00:43:45,875 I thought problem number one would be securing enough uranium ore. 730 00:43:46,208 --> 00:43:49,500 1,200 tons, bought the day I took charge. -Processing? 731 00:43:49,791 --> 00:43:51,750 Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 732 00:43:53,113 --> 00:43:54,750 Now I'm looking for a project director. 733 00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:56,750 And my name came up? 734 00:43:57,250 --> 00:43:58,250 Nope. 735 00:43:59,083 --> 00:44:02,583 Even though you brought quantum physics to America, which made me curious. 736 00:44:03,291 --> 00:44:04,375 What have you found out? 737 00:44:05,744 --> 00:44:09,500 You're a dilettante, a womanizer, a suspected communist. 738 00:44:09,541 --> 00:44:12,166 I'm a New Deal Democrat. -I said "suspected". 739 00:44:12,666 --> 00:44:16,773 Unstable, theatrical, egotistical, neurotic. 740 00:44:16,817 --> 00:44:17,834 Nothing good, no? 741 00:44:17,878 --> 00:44:19,784 Not even "he's brilliant, but..." 742 00:44:19,808 --> 00:44:22,416 Well, brilliance is taken for granted in your circle, so no. 743 00:44:23,166 --> 00:44:26,041 No, the only person who had anything good to say was Richard Tolman. 744 00:44:26,916 --> 00:44:28,625 Tolman thinks you have integrity, 745 00:44:28,875 --> 00:44:33,291 but he also strikes me as a guy who knows more about science than people. 746 00:44:33,791 --> 00:44:34,792 Yet here you are. 747 00:44:35,830 --> 00:44:37,291 You don't take much on trust. 748 00:44:37,500 --> 00:44:38,958 I don't take anything on trust. 749 00:44:43,126 --> 00:44:44,458 Why don't you have a Nobel Prize? 750 00:44:44,807 --> 00:44:46,966 Why aren't you a general? -They're making me one for this. 751 00:44:47,041 --> 00:44:48,446 Perhaps I'll have the same luck. 752 00:44:48,448 --> 00:44:49,985 The Nobel Prize for making a bomb? 753 00:44:50,029 --> 00:44:51,875 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. 754 00:44:54,931 --> 00:44:56,000 So how would you proceed? 755 00:44:58,103 --> 00:45:02,585 You're talking about turning theory into a practical weapon system 756 00:45:02,833 --> 00:45:05,875 faster than the Nazis. -Who have a 12-month head start. 757 00:45:06,041 --> 00:45:08,041 18. -How could you possibly know that? 758 00:45:08,333 --> 00:45:10,528 Our fast neutron research took six months. 759 00:45:10,572 --> 00:45:13,530 The man they've undoubtedly put in charge will have made that leap instantly. 760 00:45:13,574 --> 00:45:15,714 Who do you think they put in charge? -Werner Heisenberg. 761 00:45:15,916 --> 00:45:20,041 He has the most intuitive understanding of atomic structure I have ever seen. 762 00:45:20,219 --> 00:45:21,750 You know his work? -I know him, 763 00:45:22,041 --> 00:45:24,378 just like I know Walther Bothe, von Weizsäcker, Diebner. 764 00:45:24,422 --> 00:45:25,958 In a straight race, the Germans win. 765 00:45:26,804 --> 00:45:28,458 We've got one hope. -Which is? 766 00:45:29,916 --> 00:45:30,917 Antisemitism. 767 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:33,958 What? 768 00:45:33,986 --> 00:45:36,625 Hitler called quantum physics "Jewish science". 769 00:45:36,666 --> 00:45:38,000 Said it right to Einstein's face. 770 00:45:38,041 --> 00:45:41,541 Our one hope is that Hitler is so blinded by hate 771 00:45:41,583 --> 00:45:43,625 that he's denied Heisenberg proper resources, 772 00:45:43,666 --> 00:45:45,416 because it'll take vast resources. 773 00:45:45,541 --> 00:45:48,250 Our nation's best scientists working together. Right now, they're scattered. 774 00:45:48,349 --> 00:45:50,000 Which gives us compartmentalization. 775 00:45:50,291 --> 00:45:53,266 All minds have to see the whole task to contribute efficiently. 776 00:45:53,310 --> 00:45:55,541 Poor security may cost us the race. 777 00:45:55,583 --> 00:45:56,750 Inefficiency will. 778 00:45:57,659 --> 00:45:59,125 The Germans know more than us anyway. 779 00:45:59,601 --> 00:46:00,750 The Russians don't. 780 00:46:02,483 --> 00:46:05,333 Remind me, who are we at war with? 781 00:46:05,916 --> 00:46:08,750 Somebody with your past doesn't want to be seen downplaying 782 00:46:08,791 --> 00:46:12,125 the importance of security from our communist allies. 783 00:46:13,208 --> 00:46:15,333 Point taken, but... no. 784 00:46:15,754 --> 00:46:17,083 You don't get to say no to me. 785 00:46:17,250 --> 00:46:19,333 It's my job to say no to you when you're wrong. 786 00:46:20,250 --> 00:46:21,625 So you have the job now? 787 00:46:21,708 --> 00:46:23,208 Uh, I'm considering it. 788 00:46:26,539 --> 00:46:28,541 I'm starting to see where you got your reputation. 789 00:46:30,208 --> 00:46:31,416 My favorite response: 790 00:46:32,541 --> 00:46:34,666 "Oppenheimer couldn't run a hamburger stand." 791 00:46:36,625 --> 00:46:37,625 I couldn't. 792 00:46:39,791 --> 00:46:41,625 But I can run the Manhattan Project. 793 00:46:43,156 --> 00:46:44,750 There's a way to balance these things. 794 00:46:45,797 --> 00:46:48,791 Keep the Rad Lab here at Berkeley, under Lawrence. 795 00:46:49,250 --> 00:46:51,291 Met Lab in Chicago, under Szilard. 796 00:46:51,500 --> 00:46:53,458 Large-scale refining, where did you say, Tennessee? 797 00:46:53,875 --> 00:46:55,250 And Hanford. -And Hanford. 798 00:46:55,583 --> 00:46:59,000 All America's industrial-minded scientific innovation, 799 00:46:59,333 --> 00:47:02,500 connected by rail, focused on one goal, 800 00:47:02,750 --> 00:47:04,208 one point in space and time. 801 00:47:04,458 --> 00:47:07,064 And it comes together here, a secret laboratory. 802 00:47:07,108 --> 00:47:09,405 In the middle of nowhere, secure, self-sufficient. 803 00:47:09,449 --> 00:47:10,875 Equipment, housing, the works. 804 00:47:10,990 --> 00:47:12,291 Keep everyone there until it's done. 805 00:47:13,299 --> 00:47:16,000 We'll need a school, stores, a church. -Why? 806 00:47:16,291 --> 00:47:19,083 If we don't let scientists bring their families, we'll never get the best. 807 00:47:19,321 --> 00:47:21,958 You want security, build a town. Build it fast. 808 00:47:22,302 --> 00:47:23,291 Where? 809 00:47:27,291 --> 00:47:28,625 Welcome to Los Alamos. 810 00:47:29,325 --> 00:47:31,416 There's a boys' school we'll have to commandeer, 811 00:47:31,458 --> 00:47:33,416 and the local Indians come up here for burial rites, 812 00:47:33,458 --> 00:47:35,223 but apart from that, nothing. 813 00:47:35,267 --> 00:47:36,750 40 miles. Any direction. 814 00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:38,333 We'll have to find the perfect spot. 815 00:47:39,088 --> 00:47:40,875 For? -Success. 816 00:47:46,601 --> 00:47:48,458 Build him a town. Fast. 817 00:47:50,375 --> 00:47:51,791 Let's go recruit some scientists. 818 00:47:52,833 --> 00:47:54,208 Why would I leave my family? 819 00:47:54,250 --> 00:47:56,000 I told you, you can bring your family. 820 00:47:56,083 --> 00:47:58,208 I'm not a soldier, Oppie. -A soldier? 821 00:47:58,791 --> 00:48:01,083 He's a general. I've got all the soldier I need. 822 00:48:01,724 --> 00:48:02,749 What can I tell them? 823 00:48:03,484 --> 00:48:06,750 Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe and Bohr. What do these men have in common? 824 00:48:06,916 --> 00:48:09,625 Uh, the greatest minds on atomic theory. -Yes, and? 825 00:48:10,791 --> 00:48:11,792 As much as you like. 826 00:48:13,500 --> 00:48:15,000 Until you feel my boot on your balls. 827 00:48:16,326 --> 00:48:19,833 You know isotopes, and you know explosives better than anyone in the world. 828 00:48:20,148 --> 00:48:21,416 But you can't tell us what you're doing. 829 00:48:25,625 --> 00:48:27,166 I don't know. -The Nazis have them. 830 00:48:27,789 --> 00:48:28,848 Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen. 831 00:48:28,875 --> 00:48:31,875 Under Nazi occupation. Did they stop printing newspapers in Princeton? 832 00:48:32,133 --> 00:48:35,708 Why would we go to the middle of nowhere for who knows how long? 833 00:48:35,750 --> 00:48:37,416 For a year or two. Or three. 834 00:48:39,041 --> 00:48:41,958 General, could you... give us a moment? 835 00:48:43,398 --> 00:48:45,750 It's about unleashing a strong force. 836 00:48:47,505 --> 00:48:48,791 Before the Nazis do. 837 00:48:49,708 --> 00:48:50,708 Oh my god. 838 00:48:51,208 --> 00:48:53,166 Niels won't work for the Nazis. -No, never. 839 00:48:53,291 --> 00:48:55,166 But while they have him, we don't. 840 00:48:55,666 --> 00:48:56,708 That's why I need you. 841 00:48:57,083 --> 00:48:58,666 Why would you think I'd do that? 842 00:48:58,958 --> 00:49:00,333 Why? Why? 843 00:49:01,057 --> 00:49:03,166 How about because this is the most important fucking thing 844 00:49:03,208 --> 00:49:05,083 to ever happen in the history of the world? 845 00:49:05,291 --> 00:49:06,293 How about that? 846 00:49:07,208 --> 00:49:08,209 Fuck. 847 00:49:13,127 --> 00:49:15,000 They're not gonna let me onto this project. 848 00:49:16,206 --> 00:49:17,208 And failing a security check 849 00:49:17,250 --> 00:49:19,666 is not going to be good for a career even after the war. 850 00:49:19,833 --> 00:49:22,125 So you're a fellow traveler. So what? 851 00:49:22,452 --> 00:49:24,151 This is a national emergency. 852 00:49:24,208 --> 00:49:26,625 I've got some skeletons. They put me in charge. 853 00:49:27,208 --> 00:49:28,207 They need us. 854 00:49:28,666 --> 00:49:29,666 Until they don't. 855 00:49:34,041 --> 00:49:36,083 Is there any chance of getting Bohr out of Denmark? 856 00:49:36,204 --> 00:49:38,916 Yeah, no dice. I checked with the British. 857 00:49:39,587 --> 00:49:42,541 Until we get Allied boots back onto the continent, there's just no way. 858 00:49:44,639 --> 00:49:45,750 Is he that important? 859 00:49:45,791 --> 00:49:48,708 How many people do you know who proved Einstein wrong? 860 00:49:50,264 --> 00:49:52,333 You know, it really would be quicker to take a plane. 861 00:49:52,416 --> 00:49:53,458 A plane's too risky. 862 00:49:54,041 --> 00:49:55,041 The country needs us. 863 00:49:58,708 --> 00:49:59,708 What happened, guys? 864 00:49:59,752 --> 00:50:01,916 They say the building's too small for this cyclotron. 865 00:50:04,750 --> 00:50:06,166 Get them together with the architects. 866 00:50:09,920 --> 00:50:11,333 When's this place supposed to open? 867 00:50:14,662 --> 00:50:15,668 Two months. 868 00:50:16,958 --> 00:50:20,125 Robert, you're the great improviser, but this... 869 00:50:21,208 --> 00:50:22,541 you can't do in your head. 870 00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:25,041 Four divisions. 871 00:50:26,416 --> 00:50:30,000 Experimental, theoretical, metallurgical. 872 00:50:30,113 --> 00:50:31,375 Who's running theoretical? 873 00:50:31,416 --> 00:50:32,417 I am. 874 00:50:32,594 --> 00:50:35,208 That's what I was afraid of. You're spread too thin. 875 00:50:36,750 --> 00:50:38,000 So you take theoretical. 876 00:50:41,166 --> 00:50:43,667 I'm not coming here, Robert. 877 00:50:49,958 --> 00:50:50,960 Why not? 878 00:50:57,708 --> 00:51:01,166 You drop a bomb and it falls on the just and the unjust. 879 00:51:02,791 --> 00:51:05,416 I don't wish the culmination of three centuries of physics 880 00:51:05,458 --> 00:51:07,083 to be a weapon of mass destruction. 881 00:51:17,208 --> 00:51:18,209 Izzy... 882 00:51:19,166 --> 00:51:23,291 I don't know if we can be trusted with such a weapon. 883 00:51:25,125 --> 00:51:27,916 But I know the Nazis can't. 884 00:51:32,125 --> 00:51:33,166 We have no choice. 885 00:51:36,125 --> 00:51:37,126 Then... 886 00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,208 The second thing you have to do 887 00:51:40,250 --> 00:51:43,333 is appoint Hans Bethe to run the theoretical division. 888 00:51:45,793 --> 00:51:47,583 Wait, what was the first? 889 00:51:47,875 --> 00:51:49,791 Take off that ridiculous uniform. 890 00:51:50,254 --> 00:51:51,375 You're a scientist. 891 00:51:51,655 --> 00:51:53,125 Groves is insisting we join. 892 00:51:53,455 --> 00:51:55,166 Tell Groves to go shit in his hat. 893 00:51:55,749 --> 00:51:57,083 They need us for who we are. 894 00:51:57,411 --> 00:51:58,417 So be yourself. 895 00:51:59,416 --> 00:52:00,418 Only better. 896 00:52:40,541 --> 00:52:41,625 This is the only key. 897 00:52:42,208 --> 00:52:44,125 And Teller's already here. 898 00:52:44,458 --> 00:52:46,821 Shall I just show him in? -No, let's wait for the others. 899 00:52:55,041 --> 00:52:56,042 Let's get started. 900 00:52:56,708 --> 00:52:59,166 Hello, Edward. -Yes. 901 00:52:59,333 --> 00:53:01,648 Gentlemen, so, we will work here 902 00:53:01,672 --> 00:53:04,750 until the T Section at Los Alamos is finished. 903 00:53:04,791 --> 00:53:06,541 Edward, can I...? -This is more important. 904 00:53:09,041 --> 00:53:12,875 When I calculated the chain reaction, I found a rather troubling possibility. 905 00:53:14,166 --> 00:53:16,750 No, this can't be right. 906 00:53:17,666 --> 00:53:19,125 Show me how you did your calculations. 907 00:53:19,425 --> 00:53:20,418 Yes. 908 00:53:24,125 --> 00:53:27,208 Exponential. -No, no, no. No. 909 00:53:30,666 --> 00:53:31,708 This is fantasy. 910 00:53:32,458 --> 00:53:33,916 Teller's calculations can't be right. 911 00:53:34,916 --> 00:53:36,791 Do them yourself while I go to Princeton. 912 00:53:37,234 --> 00:53:39,211 What for? -To talk to Einstein. 913 00:53:39,255 --> 00:53:41,375 Well, there's not much common ground between the two. 914 00:53:41,583 --> 00:53:42,958 That's why I should get his view. 915 00:53:48,416 --> 00:53:49,583 Albert. -Hmm? 916 00:53:50,166 --> 00:53:52,333 Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer. 917 00:53:52,875 --> 00:53:54,250 Have you met Dr. Gödel? 918 00:53:54,624 --> 00:53:56,208 We walk here most days. 919 00:53:56,541 --> 00:54:00,208 Trees have the most inspiring structures. 920 00:54:00,875 --> 00:54:02,666 Albert, might I have a word? 921 00:54:03,208 --> 00:54:04,958 Of course. Excuse me, Kurt. 922 00:54:07,000 --> 00:54:09,541 Some days Kurt refuses to eat. 923 00:54:09,958 --> 00:54:14,333 Even in Princeton, he's convinced that the Nazis can poison his food. 924 00:54:25,818 --> 00:54:28,333 Whose, whose work is this? 925 00:54:28,750 --> 00:54:29,751 Teller's. 926 00:54:31,029 --> 00:54:32,666 What do you take it to mean? 927 00:54:33,530 --> 00:54:35,333 Neutrons smash into the nucleus, 928 00:54:35,375 --> 00:54:38,625 releasing neutrons to smash into other nuclei. 929 00:54:39,541 --> 00:54:40,543 Criticality. 930 00:54:40,731 --> 00:54:43,083 Point of no return. Massive explosive force. 931 00:54:43,391 --> 00:54:45,750 But this time, the chain reaction doesn't stop. 932 00:54:46,708 --> 00:54:48,791 It would ignite the atmosphere. 933 00:54:50,916 --> 00:54:54,875 When we detonate an atomic device, we might start a chain reaction that... 934 00:54:56,041 --> 00:54:57,168 destroys the world. 935 00:54:58,541 --> 00:54:59,833 So here we are, hmm? 936 00:55:00,291 --> 00:55:04,166 Lost in your quantum world of probabilities, 937 00:55:04,625 --> 00:55:06,166 and needing certainty. 938 00:55:07,041 --> 00:55:08,916 Can you run the calculations yourself? 939 00:55:09,958 --> 00:55:12,291 About the only thing you and I have in common 940 00:55:12,333 --> 00:55:14,375 is a disdain for mathematics. 941 00:55:14,541 --> 00:55:16,666 Who's working on this in Berkeley? 942 00:55:16,752 --> 00:55:17,750 Hans Bethe. 943 00:55:17,791 --> 00:55:19,625 Well, he'll get to the truth. 944 00:55:21,666 --> 00:55:23,500 And if the truth is catastrophic? 945 00:55:24,458 --> 00:55:28,625 Then you stop, and you share your findings with the Nazis. 946 00:55:29,619 --> 00:55:31,833 So neither side destroys the world. 947 00:55:35,791 --> 00:55:36,798 Robert. 948 00:55:38,376 --> 00:55:40,333 This is yours, not mine. 949 00:55:54,416 --> 00:55:55,416 Teller's wrong. 950 00:55:56,111 --> 00:55:57,126 He's wrong. 951 00:56:06,955 --> 00:56:10,791 When you know Teller's critical assumptions, the real picture emerges. 952 00:56:10,896 --> 00:56:11,916 Bottom line? 953 00:56:12,791 --> 00:56:15,625 The chances of an out-of-control nuclear reaction are near-zero. 954 00:56:15,858 --> 00:56:16,958 Near-zero. 955 00:56:18,583 --> 00:56:19,958 Oppie, this is good news. 956 00:56:20,041 --> 00:56:21,044 Mm-hmm. 957 00:56:22,221 --> 00:56:23,209 Can you run them again? 958 00:56:23,289 --> 00:56:24,625 Oh, you'll get the same answer. 959 00:56:25,190 --> 00:56:26,833 Until they actually detonate one of these things, 960 00:56:26,875 --> 00:56:28,583 the best assurance you're going to get is this. 961 00:56:29,416 --> 00:56:30,416 Near-zero. 962 00:56:33,933 --> 00:56:35,708 Theory will take you only so far. 963 00:56:36,458 --> 00:56:38,250 Hello! -Hi. 964 00:56:38,414 --> 00:56:39,417 We missed him. 965 00:56:39,795 --> 00:56:40,793 You want to adopt? 966 00:56:41,015 --> 00:56:42,001 She's kidding. 967 00:56:42,056 --> 00:56:43,833 We wanted to see you before we left. 968 00:56:44,456 --> 00:56:46,791 For parts unknown. 969 00:56:47,998 --> 00:56:49,666 You know who I ran into the other day? 970 00:56:50,250 --> 00:56:51,251 Eltenton. 971 00:56:53,166 --> 00:56:55,416 That chemist from Shell? The union guy? 972 00:56:55,600 --> 00:56:58,125 Yeah, the FAECT guy. 973 00:56:59,521 --> 00:57:01,583 He was moaning about how we're handling the war. 974 00:57:02,763 --> 00:57:03,751 How so? 975 00:57:04,443 --> 00:57:06,666 Lack of cooperation with our allies. 976 00:57:07,291 --> 00:57:11,208 Apparently, our government's not sharing any research with the Russians. 977 00:57:11,916 --> 00:57:15,416 He said most scientists think the policy is stupid. 978 00:57:18,791 --> 00:57:20,500 Oh, yeah? -Yeah. 979 00:57:21,306 --> 00:57:25,041 He mentioned that if anyone had anything they wanted to pass on, 980 00:57:26,166 --> 00:57:29,500 going around official channels, that he could help. 981 00:57:38,333 --> 00:57:39,500 That would be treason. 982 00:57:40,840 --> 00:57:41,916 Yes, of course. 983 00:57:43,041 --> 00:57:44,250 I just thought you should know. 984 00:57:47,244 --> 00:57:48,833 The brat is down. 985 00:57:49,405 --> 00:57:50,418 Where are the martinis? 986 00:57:55,875 --> 00:57:56,876 Coming right up. 987 00:57:57,416 --> 00:57:59,125 The conversation ended there. 988 00:57:59,416 --> 00:58:02,416 Nothing in our long-standing friendship would have led me to believe 989 00:58:02,458 --> 00:58:05,375 that Chevalier was actually seeking information, 990 00:58:05,501 --> 00:58:09,750 and I am certain that he had no idea of the work in which I was engaged. 991 00:58:14,833 --> 00:58:19,166 It has long been clear to me that I should have reported this incident at once. 992 00:58:19,691 --> 00:58:22,291 The Oppenheimer situation highlights the tension 993 00:58:22,333 --> 00:58:25,541 between scientists and the security apparatus. 994 00:58:25,834 --> 00:58:28,208 In hopes of learning how the nominee handled such issues 995 00:58:28,250 --> 00:58:30,000 during his time at the AEC, 996 00:58:30,358 --> 00:58:32,958 we'll have a scientist appearing before the committee. 997 00:58:34,280 --> 00:58:35,333 Who are they bringing in? 998 00:58:35,581 --> 00:58:36,584 They hadn't said. 999 00:58:36,821 --> 00:58:40,708 Mr. Chairman, if I may, I'm nominated for Commerce Secretary. 1000 00:58:40,824 --> 00:58:43,041 Why seek the opinion of scientists? 1001 00:58:43,486 --> 00:58:45,250 This is a cabinet post, Admiral. 1002 00:58:45,287 --> 00:58:48,125 We seek a wide range of opinion. 1003 00:58:48,166 --> 00:58:50,416 I'd like to know the name of the scientist testifying. 1004 00:58:50,458 --> 00:58:52,041 I'd like the chance to cross-examine. 1005 00:58:52,541 --> 00:58:53,708 This is not a court. 1006 00:58:55,541 --> 00:58:56,542 Formality, huh? 1007 00:58:56,583 --> 00:59:00,625 No presidential cabinet nominee has failed to be confirmed since 1925. 1008 00:59:00,791 --> 00:59:02,541 This is just how the game is played. 1009 00:59:02,583 --> 00:59:04,875 It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice. 1010 00:59:05,458 --> 00:59:06,958 They bring in a scientist, so what? 1011 00:59:07,416 --> 00:59:09,541 You don't know scientists like I do, Counselor. 1012 00:59:09,583 --> 00:59:11,750 They resent anyone who questions their judgment, 1013 00:59:11,791 --> 00:59:13,251 especially if you're not one of them. 1014 00:59:13,541 --> 00:59:14,875 I was chair of the AEC. 1015 00:59:15,083 --> 00:59:17,166 I'm easy to blame for what happened to Robert. 1016 00:59:17,208 --> 00:59:18,500 We can't have the Senate thinking 1017 00:59:18,541 --> 00:59:20,916 the scientific community doesn't support you, sir. 1018 00:59:22,208 --> 00:59:23,291 Or should we pivot? 1019 00:59:23,916 --> 00:59:25,291 To what? -And embrace it. 1020 00:59:26,333 --> 00:59:28,333 "I fought Oppenheimer, and the US won." 1021 00:59:28,625 --> 00:59:30,166 I don't think we need to go there. 1022 00:59:30,208 --> 00:59:32,541 Isn't there someone we can call who knows what really happened? 1023 00:59:32,583 --> 00:59:34,166 Teller. -He'll make an impression. 1024 00:59:34,291 --> 00:59:36,083 Can you get the name of the scientist they've called? 1025 00:59:36,166 --> 00:59:38,583 Probably. -Find out if he was based in Chicago 1026 00:59:38,833 --> 00:59:40,250 or Los Alamos during the war. 1027 00:59:40,458 --> 00:59:41,291 Why does that matter? 1028 00:59:41,375 --> 00:59:44,041 Well, if he was based in Chicago, they worked under Szilard and Fermi, 1029 00:59:44,083 --> 00:59:46,041 not the cult to Bobby in Los Alamos. 1030 00:59:46,518 --> 00:59:49,541 Robert built that damn place. He was founder, mayor, sheriff. 1031 00:59:50,375 --> 00:59:51,578 All rolled into one. 1032 01:00:04,291 --> 01:00:06,000 Now all it needs is a saloon. 1033 01:00:35,791 --> 01:00:36,832 There's no kitchen. 1034 01:00:38,293 --> 01:00:40,416 Really? We'll fix that. 1035 01:00:47,541 --> 01:00:49,708 Barbed wire? Guns? 1036 01:00:50,791 --> 01:00:53,166 Oppie... -We're at war, Hans. 1037 01:00:56,036 --> 01:00:57,036 Halifax. 1038 01:00:57,500 --> 01:00:58,583 1917. 1039 01:00:58,708 --> 01:01:01,416 A cargo ship carrying munitions explodes in the harbor. 1040 01:01:04,041 --> 01:01:06,791 A vast and sudden chemical reaction. 1041 01:01:10,583 --> 01:01:13,125 The biggest man-made explosion in history. 1042 01:01:14,029 --> 01:01:16,791 Now, let's calculate how much more destructive it would have been 1043 01:01:16,833 --> 01:01:19,828 if it were a nuclear and not a chemical reaction, 1044 01:01:20,416 --> 01:01:23,083 expressing power in terms of tons of TNT. 1045 01:01:23,554 --> 01:01:24,916 But it will be thousands. 1046 01:01:25,416 --> 01:01:28,166 Well, then, kilotons. 1047 01:01:32,083 --> 01:01:34,500 Using U-235, 1048 01:01:35,375 --> 01:01:36,791 the bomb will need a... -Uh... 1049 01:01:37,744 --> 01:01:41,000 Sorry. Gadget will need a 33-pound sphere 1050 01:01:41,210 --> 01:01:42,458 about this size, 1051 01:01:42,619 --> 01:01:45,958 or using plutonium, a ten-pound sphere. 1052 01:01:47,878 --> 01:01:51,833 Here's the amount of uranium Oak Ridge refined all of last month. 1053 01:01:55,875 --> 01:01:58,578 And the Hanford plant made this much plutonium. 1054 01:02:00,900 --> 01:02:04,708 Now, if we can enrich these amounts, we need a way to detonate them. 1055 01:02:05,833 --> 01:02:07,041 Are we boring you, Edward? 1056 01:02:08,119 --> 01:02:09,250 A little bit, yes. 1057 01:02:09,583 --> 01:02:10,750 May I ask why? 1058 01:02:11,000 --> 01:02:14,250 We all entered this room knowing a fission bomb was possible. 1059 01:02:15,070 --> 01:02:16,791 How about we leave it with something new? 1060 01:02:17,131 --> 01:02:18,126 Such as? 1061 01:02:18,416 --> 01:02:21,958 Instead of uranium or plutonium, we use hydrogen. 1062 01:02:23,095 --> 01:02:25,708 Heavy hydrogen. Deuterium. 1063 01:02:26,773 --> 01:02:29,125 You see, we compact the atoms together 1064 01:02:29,166 --> 01:02:32,333 under great pressure to induce a fusion reaction. 1065 01:02:33,583 --> 01:02:37,458 Then we'll get not kilotons, but megatons. 1066 01:02:38,416 --> 01:02:39,833 Okay, hang on, hang on. 1067 01:02:40,369 --> 01:02:44,208 So how do you generate enough force to fuse hydrogen atoms? 1068 01:02:45,416 --> 01:02:46,583 A small fission bomb. 1069 01:02:47,500 --> 01:02:48,626 There we are! 1070 01:02:50,740 --> 01:02:52,541 Well, since we're going to need one anyway, 1071 01:02:52,583 --> 01:02:54,083 can we get back to the business at hand? 1072 01:02:54,333 --> 01:02:57,541 The isotopes issue wasn't your most important 1073 01:02:57,875 --> 01:03:00,666 policy disagreement with Dr. Oppenheimer. 1074 01:03:00,720 --> 01:03:03,139 It was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it? 1075 01:03:03,291 --> 01:03:08,041 As colleagues, we agreed to disagree on a great many things, uh... 1076 01:03:08,416 --> 01:03:12,125 And one of them was the need for an H-bomb program, yes. 1077 01:03:25,791 --> 01:03:28,369 Thanks for convening on short notice. 1078 01:03:28,619 --> 01:03:29,661 I can't believe it. 1079 01:03:31,041 --> 01:03:34,291 But here we are. Catch me up. What do we know? 1080 01:03:34,500 --> 01:03:38,500 One of our B-29s over the North Pacific has detected radiation. 1081 01:03:38,914 --> 01:03:41,458 Do we have the filter papers? -There's no doubt what this is. 1082 01:03:41,947 --> 01:03:44,833 White House says there's a doubt. -Wishful thinking, I'm afraid. 1083 01:03:44,875 --> 01:03:47,708 Are those the long-range detection filter papers? 1084 01:03:48,525 --> 01:03:49,833 It's an atomic test. 1085 01:03:53,500 --> 01:03:54,750 The Russians have a bomb. 1086 01:03:55,291 --> 01:03:57,916 We're supposed to be years ahead of them, but this... 1087 01:03:58,708 --> 01:04:01,956 What were you guys doing in Los Alamos? Wasn't security tight? 1088 01:04:02,042 --> 01:04:04,666 Of course it was. You weren't there. -Forgive me, Doctor. 1089 01:04:06,958 --> 01:04:07,959 But I was there. 1090 01:04:09,291 --> 01:04:12,500 We can now consider the actual mechanics of detonation. 1091 01:04:12,833 --> 01:04:15,416 Any ideas? -I call this shooting. 1092 01:04:15,458 --> 01:04:19,333 We fire a chunk of fissionable material into a larger sphere 1093 01:04:19,375 --> 01:04:21,416 with enough force to achieve criticality. 1094 01:04:22,333 --> 01:04:25,049 What do we think? Anyone? -I've been thinking about implosion. 1095 01:04:25,458 --> 01:04:28,541 Explosives around the sphere blast inwards, crushing the material. 1096 01:04:29,583 --> 01:04:32,500 I'd like to investigate that idea. -I'll talk to ordnance. 1097 01:04:32,583 --> 01:04:33,666 Get you blowing things up. 1098 01:04:34,916 --> 01:04:36,744 Progress? -Nice to see you too. 1099 01:04:37,750 --> 01:04:39,041 Meet the British contingent. 1100 01:04:39,375 --> 01:04:41,416 Dr. Oppenheimer. Klaus Fuchs. 1101 01:04:41,750 --> 01:04:44,583 How long have you been British? -Since Hitler told me I wasn't German. 1102 01:04:44,875 --> 01:04:47,583 Ah. Come, welcome to Los Alamos. 1103 01:04:48,625 --> 01:04:49,750 The school's up and running. 1104 01:04:50,156 --> 01:04:52,250 The bar. -Always running. 1105 01:04:53,375 --> 01:04:55,416 And I thought of a way to reduce support staff. 1106 01:04:57,000 --> 01:04:58,708 Is that...? -Mrs. Serber, yes. 1107 01:04:58,878 --> 01:05:02,166 I've offered jobs to all the wives, admin, librarians, computation. 1108 01:05:02,291 --> 01:05:04,250 We cut down on staff, keep families together. 1109 01:05:04,500 --> 01:05:06,416 Are these women qualified? -Don't be absurd. 1110 01:05:06,458 --> 01:05:08,625 These are some of the brightest minds in our community. 1111 01:05:08,666 --> 01:05:10,083 And they're already security cleared. 1112 01:05:10,875 --> 01:05:12,954 I've informed General Groves you've been holding cross-divisional 1113 01:05:12,978 --> 01:05:15,541 open discussions on a nightly basis. -Shut them down. 1114 01:05:15,958 --> 01:05:17,583 Compartmentalization is the key 1115 01:05:17,791 --> 01:05:19,416 to maintaining security... -Only the top men. 1116 01:05:19,458 --> 01:05:21,416 Who presumably communicate with subordinates. 1117 01:05:21,465 --> 01:05:23,300 These men aren't stupid. They can be discreet. 1118 01:05:23,583 --> 01:05:25,291 I don't like it. -You don't like anything enough 1119 01:05:25,333 --> 01:05:26,666 for that to be a fair test. 1120 01:05:33,041 --> 01:05:35,166 Once a week. Top men only. 1121 01:05:35,749 --> 01:05:37,500 I'd like to bring my brother here. -No. 1122 01:05:39,625 --> 01:05:40,624 Nichols? 1123 01:05:42,250 --> 01:05:44,791 I still haven't heard that my security clearance has been approved. 1124 01:05:44,875 --> 01:05:46,750 It hasn't. -I'm going to Chicago tomorrow. 1125 01:05:47,041 --> 01:05:48,042 Well, you should wait. 1126 01:05:48,708 --> 01:05:51,041 You are aware that the Nazis have a two-year head start? 1127 01:05:51,286 --> 01:05:53,166 Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact that your security clearance 1128 01:05:53,208 --> 01:05:55,261 is proving difficult to obtain is not my fault. 1129 01:05:55,583 --> 01:05:56,565 It's yours. 1130 01:05:56,625 --> 01:05:59,389 It may not be your fault, but it's your problem. Because I'm going. 1131 01:06:00,291 --> 01:06:02,291 And how many people were in these, uh... 1132 01:06:03,083 --> 01:06:05,083 open discussions? 1133 01:06:05,166 --> 01:06:07,539 Too many. Compartmentalization was supposed to be the protocol. 1134 01:06:07,578 --> 01:06:09,000 We were in a race against the Nazis. 1135 01:06:09,041 --> 01:06:11,375 And now the race is against the Soviets. 1136 01:06:11,416 --> 01:06:15,958 Not unless we start it. -Robert, they just fired the starting gun. 1137 01:06:16,625 --> 01:06:18,469 What's the nature of the device they detonated? 1138 01:06:19,000 --> 01:06:22,500 Data indicates it may have been a plutonium implosion device. 1139 01:06:22,541 --> 01:06:25,039 Like the one you built at Los Alamos. 1140 01:06:25,666 --> 01:06:26,728 The Russians have a bomb. 1141 01:06:27,375 --> 01:06:30,625 Truman needs to know what's next. -What's next? Arms talks. 1142 01:06:30,875 --> 01:06:32,000 Arms talks? -Obviously. 1143 01:06:33,416 --> 01:06:36,166 What about the Super? Does Truman even know about it? 1144 01:06:36,208 --> 01:06:37,575 Did we brief him on that? 1145 01:06:38,166 --> 01:06:39,216 Not specifically. 1146 01:06:39,500 --> 01:06:42,302 We still don't know if a hydrogen bomb is technically feasible. 1147 01:06:42,375 --> 01:06:44,708 Right, my understanding is that Teller proposed it. 1148 01:06:44,750 --> 01:06:45,875 Yes. -At Los Alamos? 1149 01:06:45,916 --> 01:06:48,208 Teller's designs have always been wildly impractical. 1150 01:06:48,250 --> 01:06:51,250 You'd have to deliver by oxcart, not airplane. 1151 01:06:51,583 --> 01:06:53,291 Oppie! -I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence, 1152 01:06:53,333 --> 01:06:54,625 do you want to comment? 1153 01:06:56,458 --> 01:06:57,460 No. 1154 01:06:59,458 --> 01:07:01,500 Because if it can put us ahead again, 1155 01:07:02,063 --> 01:07:06,541 the President of the United States needs to know about it. 1156 01:07:08,625 --> 01:07:11,416 And if the Russians know about it already from a spy, 1157 01:07:11,618 --> 01:07:14,610 at Los Alamos, then we've got to get going. 1158 01:07:14,656 --> 01:07:17,235 There's no proof there was a spy at Los Alamos. 1159 01:07:17,583 --> 01:07:18,583 Robert. 1160 01:07:23,625 --> 01:07:25,000 They put it under the football stadium? 1161 01:07:25,416 --> 01:07:26,708 The field's not in use anymore. 1162 01:07:27,333 --> 01:07:28,379 Just as well. 1163 01:07:31,416 --> 01:07:33,166 Oppie! -Dr. Fermi. 1164 01:07:36,166 --> 01:07:38,875 I hear you've got a little town. -Yes, come and see. 1165 01:07:40,291 --> 01:07:43,333 Who could think straight in a place like that, huh? 1166 01:07:44,541 --> 01:07:46,041 Everybody will go crazy. 1167 01:07:47,333 --> 01:07:49,375 Thank you the vote of confidence, Szilard. 1168 01:07:50,833 --> 01:07:53,333 Do we really... do we really need that in the notes? 1169 01:07:54,476 --> 01:07:55,836 Are you gonna try it out? 1170 01:07:56,500 --> 01:07:57,500 We did. 1171 01:07:58,041 --> 01:08:01,083 The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. 1172 01:08:02,083 --> 01:08:03,125 Didn't Groves tell you? 1173 01:08:04,208 --> 01:08:05,218 No. 1174 01:08:12,846 --> 01:08:14,000 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1175 01:08:15,125 --> 01:08:16,333 I tried personnel. 1176 01:08:16,500 --> 01:08:19,083 They asked if I could type. -Can you? 1177 01:08:19,208 --> 01:08:21,916 Harvard forgot to teach that on the graduate chemistry course. 1178 01:08:23,958 --> 01:08:26,375 Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here on the plutonium team. 1179 01:08:32,291 --> 01:08:34,083 What the hell were you doing in Chicago? 1180 01:08:34,500 --> 01:08:35,958 Visiting the met. -Why? 1181 01:08:36,000 --> 01:08:37,166 You can't... -Why? 1182 01:08:37,208 --> 01:08:38,541 Because we, we have every right... 1183 01:08:38,583 --> 01:08:42,583 You have just the rights that I give you. No more, no less. 1184 01:08:43,083 --> 01:08:46,041 We are adults trying to run a project here. This is ridiculous. 1185 01:08:46,833 --> 01:08:47,835 Tell him! 1186 01:08:49,261 --> 01:08:51,791 Compartmentalization is the protocol we agreed to. 1187 01:08:53,208 --> 01:08:56,458 Enough of this madhouse. Nobody can work under these conditions. 1188 01:08:56,500 --> 01:09:00,125 You know what? Generalissimo, I quit! 1189 01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:02,000 Thanks for nothing. 1190 01:09:04,583 --> 01:09:05,583 Better off without him. 1191 01:09:07,250 --> 01:09:10,000 Aren't you more concerned about his discretion out there? 1192 01:09:11,291 --> 01:09:12,292 We'll have him killed. 1193 01:09:14,541 --> 01:09:15,542 I'm just kidding. 1194 01:09:16,666 --> 01:09:18,333 No, he hates me, not America. 1195 01:09:19,000 --> 01:09:21,583 You know, General, not everyone has levers to pull like mine. 1196 01:09:22,500 --> 01:09:23,500 I don't think I understand. 1197 01:09:24,083 --> 01:09:27,618 You didn't hire me despite my left-wing past. You hired me because of it. 1198 01:09:28,791 --> 01:09:30,250 So you could control me. 1199 01:09:31,000 --> 01:09:34,469 No, I'm not that subtle. I'm just a humble soldier. 1200 01:09:35,208 --> 01:09:38,708 You're neither humble, nor just a soldier. You studied engineering at MIT. 1201 01:09:38,916 --> 01:09:41,083 Guilty as charged. -Well, now we understand each other, 1202 01:09:41,125 --> 01:09:42,958 perhaps you can get me my security clearance, 1203 01:09:43,000 --> 01:09:44,875 so I can perform this miracle for you. 1204 01:09:51,125 --> 01:09:52,291 General Groves, were you aware 1205 01:09:52,333 --> 01:09:55,708 of Dr. Oppenheimer's left-wing associations when you appointed him? 1206 01:09:55,875 --> 01:09:58,000 I was aware that there were suspicions about him. 1207 01:09:58,041 --> 01:10:01,041 I was aware he had a very extreme liberal background. 1208 01:10:01,292 --> 01:10:04,470 In your opinion, would he ever consciously commit a disloyal act? 1209 01:10:04,564 --> 01:10:06,166 I would be amazed if he did. 1210 01:10:06,314 --> 01:10:08,860 So you had complete confidence in his integrity? 1211 01:10:09,079 --> 01:10:11,833 At Los Alamos, yes. Which is where I really knew him. 1212 01:10:12,041 --> 01:10:14,509 Do you know that your security officers on the project 1213 01:10:14,564 --> 01:10:16,875 advised you against the clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer? 1214 01:10:16,916 --> 01:10:20,791 They could not, and would not, clear him until I insisted. 1215 01:10:20,958 --> 01:10:22,833 And it's safe to say that you had pretty good knowledge 1216 01:10:22,875 --> 01:10:25,166 of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file. -I did. 1217 01:10:26,416 --> 01:10:28,833 Well, then there's only really one question I need answered here today. 1218 01:10:28,916 --> 01:10:33,166 In light of the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1219 01:10:33,754 --> 01:10:34,875 Do you have the guidelines? 1220 01:10:42,750 --> 01:10:45,000 Under current AEC guidelines, 1221 01:10:45,146 --> 01:10:48,166 would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1222 01:11:00,458 --> 01:11:01,875 Physics and New Mexico, huh? 1223 01:11:03,420 --> 01:11:05,666 My god. What a trek. 1224 01:11:06,583 --> 01:11:09,041 That's why you need a liaison. -I'm appointing Lomanitz. 1225 01:11:10,625 --> 01:11:12,500 You're gonna be okay. This way, gentlemen. 1226 01:11:23,000 --> 01:11:24,653 Dr. Lawrence. -Leslie. 1227 01:11:25,416 --> 01:11:27,375 I'd like to remind you what we talked about at Berkeley. 1228 01:11:27,541 --> 01:11:29,333 Compartmentalization, I understand completely. 1229 01:11:44,708 --> 01:11:46,000 Greetings from Berkeley. 1230 01:11:46,166 --> 01:11:49,083 I am here to update you on our progress and solicit your input. 1231 01:11:49,544 --> 01:11:51,915 To do so, I am going to have to share a few things that 1232 01:11:51,958 --> 01:11:53,666 General Groves told me not to. 1233 01:11:54,458 --> 01:11:57,208 Sorry General, I said I understood, not that I agreed. 1234 01:11:57,625 --> 01:12:00,583 Okay. Gentlemen, to business! 1235 01:12:01,083 --> 01:12:03,000 There were rumors of espionage 1236 01:12:03,041 --> 01:12:05,041 at Los Alamos. -Unsubstantiated. 1237 01:12:05,083 --> 01:12:07,416 I'm told that there were communists 1238 01:12:07,458 --> 01:12:09,000 on the project. -We didn't knowingly employ... 1239 01:12:09,041 --> 01:12:11,166 I just want to know, were any of them involved 1240 01:12:11,208 --> 01:12:12,625 in discussions of the Super? 1241 01:12:13,000 --> 01:12:15,541 I seem to remember you demanding your brother come to Los Alamos. 1242 01:12:15,583 --> 01:12:18,305 My brother had left the party by then. -What about Lomanitz? 1243 01:12:18,500 --> 01:12:21,500 Lomanitz was never employed at Los Alamos. He was a liaison. 1244 01:12:21,791 --> 01:12:24,291 Our security was tight, as former Colonel Nichols well knows. 1245 01:12:24,333 --> 01:12:27,007 Our security was as tight as it could be given the personalities involved, 1246 01:12:27,031 --> 01:12:28,100 but attempts were made. 1247 01:12:28,500 --> 01:12:31,083 What is that supposed to mean? -We've all read his file here. 1248 01:12:32,416 --> 01:12:34,000 Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock? 1249 01:12:35,708 --> 01:12:37,208 Or the Chevalier incident? 1250 01:12:41,833 --> 01:12:42,835 Excuse me. 1251 01:12:45,500 --> 01:12:47,375 Lomanitz, line one! 1252 01:12:54,333 --> 01:12:56,291 Hello, Rossi. What? 1253 01:12:57,333 --> 01:12:58,333 Okay, just calm down. 1254 01:12:59,625 --> 01:13:00,708 There's been another screwup. 1255 01:13:00,916 --> 01:13:04,083 Lomanitz just got drafted. -We are at war, Doctor. 1256 01:13:04,208 --> 01:13:07,291 Don't be an asshole, Nichols. We need this kid. Fix it, will you? 1257 01:13:07,833 --> 01:13:08,780 It wasn't a mistake. 1258 01:13:08,804 --> 01:13:11,669 Your friend Lomanitz has been trying to unionize the radiation lab. 1259 01:13:11,958 --> 01:13:14,708 He promised to quit all that. -Well, he hasn't. 1260 01:13:15,666 --> 01:13:18,587 The security officer at Berkeley is concerned about communist infiltration 1261 01:13:18,674 --> 01:13:21,833 through that union, the FA... -FAECT. 1262 01:13:25,041 --> 01:13:28,291 While I'm there next week, I'll... drop in to see him. 1263 01:13:30,666 --> 01:13:32,137 Your Q clearance came through. 1264 01:13:35,916 --> 01:13:39,168 It's important you not maintain or renew any questionable associations. 1265 01:13:44,625 --> 01:13:46,541 Doctor, did you think social contacts 1266 01:13:46,583 --> 01:13:50,833 between a person engaged on secret war work and communists was dangerous? 1267 01:13:50,875 --> 01:13:53,625 My awareness of the danger would be greater today. 1268 01:13:54,791 --> 01:13:57,166 I mean, it's fair to say that during the war years, 1269 01:13:57,708 --> 01:14:00,500 you felt that such contacts were potentially dangerous. 1270 01:14:07,208 --> 01:14:09,125 Were conceivably dangerous, yes. 1271 01:14:10,166 --> 01:14:11,167 I mean, really! 1272 01:14:12,333 --> 01:14:13,416 Known communists. 1273 01:14:16,625 --> 01:14:17,633 Look... 1274 01:14:18,958 --> 01:14:22,750 I've had a lot of secrets in my head for a long time. 1275 01:14:24,168 --> 01:14:28,374 Doesn't matter who I associate with, I don't talk about those secrets. 1276 01:14:36,125 --> 01:14:37,250 You said in your statement 1277 01:14:38,750 --> 01:14:43,125 that you had to see Jean Tatlock in 1943. 1278 01:14:45,083 --> 01:14:46,092 You left. 1279 01:14:47,916 --> 01:14:48,919 Not a word. 1280 01:14:49,750 --> 01:14:51,333 What did you think that would do to me? 1281 01:14:53,000 --> 01:14:54,000 I wrote. 1282 01:14:54,375 --> 01:14:55,500 Pages of nothing. 1283 01:14:58,958 --> 01:14:59,958 Where did you go? 1284 01:15:02,083 --> 01:15:03,583 I can't tell you. -Why not? 1285 01:15:03,666 --> 01:15:04,958 Because you're a communist. 1286 01:15:08,208 --> 01:15:09,625 Why did you have to see her? 1287 01:15:10,125 --> 01:15:14,458 She had indicated a great desire to see me before we left. 1288 01:15:14,583 --> 01:15:18,583 At that time I couldn't, but I felt that she had to see me. 1289 01:15:19,583 --> 01:15:23,619 She was undergoing psychiatric treatment. She was extremely unhappy. 1290 01:15:23,981 --> 01:15:26,250 Did you find out why she had to see you? 1291 01:15:31,625 --> 01:15:32,958 Because she was still in love with me. 1292 01:15:41,041 --> 01:15:42,500 You spent the night together, didn't you? 1293 01:15:50,750 --> 01:15:51,748 Yes. 1294 01:15:58,166 --> 01:16:03,000 You drop in and out of my life, and you don't have to tell me why. 1295 01:16:04,125 --> 01:16:06,821 And that's power. -Not that I enjoy. 1296 01:16:08,083 --> 01:16:10,458 I'd rather be here for you as you need. 1297 01:16:10,958 --> 01:16:12,916 But you have other priorities now. 1298 01:16:13,809 --> 01:16:15,500 I have a wife and child. 1299 01:16:16,875 --> 01:16:19,125 That's not what either of us is talking about. 1300 01:16:23,041 --> 01:16:26,083 Jean... you asked me to come. 1301 01:16:27,625 --> 01:16:28,833 And I'm glad I did. 1302 01:16:30,291 --> 01:16:31,625 But I can't see you again. 1303 01:16:35,166 --> 01:16:36,458 But what if I need you? 1304 01:16:40,750 --> 01:16:42,666 You said you would always answer. 1305 01:16:45,916 --> 01:16:46,917 Not a word? 1306 01:16:48,416 --> 01:16:50,375 Did you think that consistent with good security? 1307 01:16:50,583 --> 01:16:51,750 As a matter of fact, it was. 1308 01:16:52,666 --> 01:16:53,668 Not a word. 1309 01:16:54,833 --> 01:16:56,166 When did you see her after that? 1310 01:17:05,000 --> 01:17:06,125 I never saw her again. 1311 01:17:13,125 --> 01:17:15,127 I can make the last train back to Princeton. 1312 01:17:16,166 --> 01:17:18,833 Kitty, I didn't say anything that I hadn't already told you. 1313 01:17:18,875 --> 01:17:20,833 Today you said it to history, didn't you? 1314 01:17:20,875 --> 01:17:22,083 This is a closed hearing. 1315 01:17:24,333 --> 01:17:26,791 If they don't release the transcript, I'm sure you will. 1316 01:17:26,833 --> 01:17:29,208 I was under oath. -Well, you were under an oath to me 1317 01:17:29,250 --> 01:17:30,375 when you went to see Jean. 1318 01:17:32,000 --> 01:17:33,001 You know, you... 1319 01:17:34,208 --> 01:17:36,833 You sit there, day after day, 1320 01:17:37,791 --> 01:17:39,750 letting them pick our lives to pieces. 1321 01:17:42,666 --> 01:17:43,750 Why won't you fight? 1322 01:17:47,541 --> 01:17:49,958 Robert, I'm not putting her up there. 1323 01:17:56,083 --> 01:17:58,666 Dr. Oppenheimer! This is an honor. Please, take a seat. 1324 01:17:58,916 --> 01:18:01,798 No need. I just wanted to check whether I should... 1325 01:18:02,291 --> 01:18:04,711 talk to Lomanitz while I'm here, given your concerns. 1326 01:18:04,868 --> 01:18:07,634 I'd say that's really up to you, Professor, but I'd be cautious. 1327 01:18:08,125 --> 01:18:09,125 Understood. 1328 01:18:09,333 --> 01:18:11,750 Oh, and, um, as regards to the union, 1329 01:18:11,791 --> 01:18:15,125 I wanted to give you a heads up on a man named Eltenton. 1330 01:18:15,375 --> 01:18:16,374 A heads up? 1331 01:18:16,416 --> 01:18:19,791 Yes, just that he might bear watching, is all. 1332 01:18:21,416 --> 01:18:22,750 I'd love to get more details. 1333 01:18:23,875 --> 01:18:26,208 I have an appointment now, and I leave early tomorrow. 1334 01:18:26,322 --> 01:18:27,708 Well, come back as early as you like. 1335 01:18:28,500 --> 01:18:29,541 Since you haven't time now. 1336 01:18:30,958 --> 01:18:34,291 You went back the next morning. -I did. I had to, really. 1337 01:18:35,750 --> 01:18:36,916 This time there was another man. 1338 01:18:39,125 --> 01:18:43,023 He said his name was Pash. -Pash. You met Colonel Pash? 1339 01:18:43,166 --> 01:18:48,041 Colonel Pash, could you please read from your memo dated June 29, 1943? 1340 01:18:50,291 --> 01:18:52,708 "Results of surveillance conducted on subject 1341 01:18:52,750 --> 01:18:55,458 "indicate further possible Communist Party connections." 1342 01:18:55,642 --> 01:18:59,208 "Subject met with and spent considerable time with one Jean Tatlock, 1343 01:18:59,250 --> 01:19:01,458 "a communist, the record of whom is attached." 1344 01:19:01,500 --> 01:19:03,958 The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer? -Yes. 1345 01:19:04,208 --> 01:19:07,166 Whom you had not met? -Not then, but soon after. 1346 01:19:07,340 --> 01:19:09,750 He's the head of security for the project. Shouldn't I know him? 1347 01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:11,333 No, he should know you. 1348 01:19:12,166 --> 01:19:13,916 I would never put you in a room with Pash. 1349 01:19:13,958 --> 01:19:14,975 Why not? 1350 01:19:15,083 --> 01:19:16,750 When Pash first heard about Lomanitz, 1351 01:19:17,083 --> 01:19:19,685 he told the FBI he was going to kidnap him, 1352 01:19:20,125 --> 01:19:21,250 take him out on a boat, 1353 01:19:21,791 --> 01:19:24,083 and interrogate him in the Russian manner. 1354 01:19:27,375 --> 01:19:29,541 General Groves has placed in me a certain responsibility, 1355 01:19:29,583 --> 01:19:34,000 and it's like having a child who I can't see, by remote control. 1356 01:19:35,375 --> 01:19:36,708 So to actually meet you is... 1357 01:19:38,708 --> 01:19:40,450 I won't take up too much of your time. -Oh, no. 1358 01:19:40,551 --> 01:19:42,250 Not at all. Whatever time you choose. 1359 01:19:43,583 --> 01:19:45,801 Mr. Johnson told me of the conversation you had yesterday, 1360 01:19:45,895 --> 01:19:48,458 which I'm very interested in. It's had me worried all day. 1361 01:19:49,416 --> 01:19:52,791 Yes, well, I didn't want to talk to Lomanitz without authorization. 1362 01:19:53,083 --> 01:19:54,916 That's not the particular interest that I have. 1363 01:19:54,958 --> 01:19:56,250 It's something a little bit more... 1364 01:19:58,083 --> 01:19:59,500 In my opinion, more serious. 1365 01:19:59,575 --> 01:20:00,916 And then when the FBI pointed out 1366 01:20:00,958 --> 01:20:03,791 that such information wouldn't be admissible in court, 1367 01:20:03,833 --> 01:20:05,541 Pash made it clear he had no intention 1368 01:20:05,583 --> 01:20:07,770 of leaving any witness left to prosecute. 1369 01:20:08,125 --> 01:20:11,212 Now, the FBI talked him down, but that's the man you're dancing with. 1370 01:20:11,500 --> 01:20:13,916 I gather you've heard there are other parties 1371 01:20:13,958 --> 01:20:15,791 interested in the work of the radiation lab? 1372 01:20:17,083 --> 01:20:21,208 A man attached to the Soviet consul indicated, 1373 01:20:21,750 --> 01:20:25,250 through intermediate people, to people on this project, 1374 01:20:25,333 --> 01:20:28,500 that he was in a position to transmit information. 1375 01:20:28,708 --> 01:20:31,000 Well, why would anyone on the project want to do that? 1376 01:20:33,083 --> 01:20:36,541 Frankly, I can see that there might be an argument for the Commander-in-Chief 1377 01:20:36,583 --> 01:20:39,980 informing the Russians, they're our allies, after all, but... 1378 01:20:40,043 --> 01:20:42,378 I don't like the idea of it going out the back door. 1379 01:20:42,750 --> 01:20:44,958 It might not hurt to be on the lookout for it. 1380 01:20:46,375 --> 01:20:47,625 And you said that to Pash. 1381 01:20:48,166 --> 01:20:52,000 I was trying to put it in the context of "Russia's not Germany". 1382 01:20:52,594 --> 01:20:56,958 Boris Pash is the son of a Russian Orthodox bishop. 1383 01:20:57,000 --> 01:21:01,125 Born here, but in 1918 he went back to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks. 1384 01:21:01,625 --> 01:21:04,125 This is a man who has killed communists with his own hands. 1385 01:21:04,708 --> 01:21:07,041 I'm not the judge of who should or should not have information. 1386 01:21:07,583 --> 01:21:09,833 It's my business to stop it from going through illegally. 1387 01:21:10,291 --> 01:21:11,500 Could you be a little more specific? 1388 01:21:14,791 --> 01:21:19,375 There's a man whose name was mentioned to me, a couple of times, Eltenton. 1389 01:21:21,125 --> 01:21:23,333 I believe he's a chemist who works at Shell. 1390 01:21:24,083 --> 01:21:26,958 He talked to a friend of his, 1391 01:21:27,041 --> 01:21:29,708 who's an acquaintance of someone on the project. 1392 01:21:32,125 --> 01:21:34,083 And you thought Pash would be satisfied with that? 1393 01:21:34,166 --> 01:21:37,916 I was attempting to give them Eltenton without opening a can of worms. 1394 01:21:37,958 --> 01:21:39,583 I told them a cock-and-bull story. 1395 01:21:39,916 --> 01:21:42,083 Did you lie to General Groves, too? -No. 1396 01:21:42,583 --> 01:21:45,083 I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash. 1397 01:21:45,208 --> 01:21:48,208 Do you recall this conversation about the Chevalier incident? 1398 01:21:49,083 --> 01:21:51,000 I've seen so many versions of it, uh... 1399 01:21:51,536 --> 01:21:54,208 Wasn't confused before, but I'm certainly getting there now. 1400 01:21:54,465 --> 01:21:57,291 And what was your conclusion? -That he was under the influence 1401 01:21:57,333 --> 01:22:00,791 of the typical American schoolboy attitude 1402 01:22:00,833 --> 01:22:04,000 that there's something wicked about telling on a friend. 1403 01:22:04,458 --> 01:22:08,250 Well now, might we know through whom the contact was made? 1404 01:22:09,416 --> 01:22:12,958 That would involve people who are not to be involved in this. 1405 01:22:13,291 --> 01:22:15,958 Is that someone a member of the project? 1406 01:22:16,674 --> 01:22:19,979 A member of the faculty, yes, but not in the project, no. 1407 01:22:20,141 --> 01:22:21,141 Ah... 1408 01:22:21,791 --> 01:22:26,000 So Eltenton made his approach through a member of the faculty here at Berkeley. 1409 01:22:28,291 --> 01:22:30,625 As far as I know, as far as I know, yes. 1410 01:22:30,916 --> 01:22:35,166 But there... may have been... more than one person involved. 1411 01:22:40,416 --> 01:22:43,125 Gentlemen, if I... if I seem uncooperative, 1412 01:22:43,166 --> 01:22:45,750 I think you can understand it's because of my insistence 1413 01:22:45,791 --> 01:22:47,797 on not getting innocent people into trouble. 1414 01:22:48,583 --> 01:22:51,333 You're trying to protect your friend. Who's protecting you? 1415 01:22:51,804 --> 01:22:52,794 Well, you could. 1416 01:22:53,304 --> 01:22:55,833 If you gave me the name... -If you order me to, I'll do it. 1417 01:22:56,075 --> 01:22:58,916 That's a mistake, Robert. You need to volunteer this name. 1418 01:23:00,583 --> 01:23:01,911 Did he give you the name? 1419 01:23:02,044 --> 01:23:03,458 He did. -But not then, did he? 1420 01:23:03,625 --> 01:23:04,625 No. -No, in fact, 1421 01:23:04,666 --> 01:23:06,041 it was some months later, wasn't it? 1422 01:23:07,041 --> 01:23:07,874 It was. 1423 01:23:08,083 --> 01:23:10,250 You see me as persistent. -Well, you are... 1424 01:23:11,055 --> 01:23:12,625 you are persistent, but that is your job. 1425 01:23:12,891 --> 01:23:16,149 And, and my job is to protect the people that work for me. 1426 01:23:16,422 --> 01:23:18,083 Instead of us going on certain steps, 1427 01:23:18,625 --> 01:23:20,000 which may come to your attention... 1428 01:23:21,916 --> 01:23:23,458 and be disturbing to you, 1429 01:23:24,083 --> 01:23:25,958 I would like to discuss those with you first. 1430 01:23:26,791 --> 01:23:30,000 I'm not formulating a plan, I'll just have to digest the whole thing. 1431 01:23:34,958 --> 01:23:38,041 In the months in between your interview with Dr. Oppenheimer, 1432 01:23:38,083 --> 01:23:42,166 and his eventual naming of Chevalier, did you expend resources trying to find 1433 01:23:42,208 --> 01:23:45,458 the name of the intermediary? -Considerable resources, yes. 1434 01:23:46,208 --> 01:23:48,333 Without the name, our job was extremely difficult. 1435 01:23:48,497 --> 01:23:51,625 And when did you receive the name? -I was gone by the time Oppenheimer 1436 01:23:51,666 --> 01:23:53,183 finally offered it up. -Gone? 1437 01:23:53,625 --> 01:23:55,684 They felt my time would be better spent in Europe, 1438 01:23:55,875 --> 01:23:58,041 determining the status of the Nazi bomb project. 1439 01:23:58,555 --> 01:23:59,555 Who did? 1440 01:24:00,708 --> 01:24:01,709 General Groves. 1441 01:24:02,708 --> 01:24:03,833 He transferred me to London. 1442 01:24:11,083 --> 01:24:12,875 It's a little early for a Christmas party. 1443 01:24:12,958 --> 01:24:13,958 Something's up. 1444 01:24:14,833 --> 01:24:15,875 Tolman's been away. 1445 01:24:17,208 --> 01:24:18,213 Where? 1446 01:24:18,684 --> 01:24:19,666 Ruth won't tell. 1447 01:24:29,958 --> 01:24:31,000 Come on, Ruthie. 1448 01:24:31,250 --> 01:24:32,916 If you can't tell me, who can you tell? 1449 01:24:33,708 --> 01:24:35,500 Compartmentalization, Oppie. 1450 01:24:36,291 --> 01:24:38,104 What makes you think I know where he is, anyway? 1451 01:24:38,333 --> 01:24:39,833 Because you do a pretty good job 1452 01:24:39,875 --> 01:24:42,006 of knowing where Mr. Tolman is when it counts. 1453 01:24:43,000 --> 01:24:44,003 Like now? 1454 01:24:44,041 --> 01:24:47,083 Attention! 1455 01:24:50,344 --> 01:24:51,958 Early Christmas present for you all. 1456 01:25:00,500 --> 01:25:02,750 The British pilot put me in the bomb bay. 1457 01:25:02,791 --> 01:25:06,166 He showed me the oxygen, you know, but I messed it up. 1458 01:25:06,429 --> 01:25:09,166 Um, when they opened me up in Scotland, I was unconscious. 1459 01:25:09,625 --> 01:25:11,583 But I pretended I'd been napping. 1460 01:25:12,583 --> 01:25:13,750 Please enjoy your party. 1461 01:25:15,250 --> 01:25:17,625 Is it big enough? -To end the war? 1462 01:25:18,640 --> 01:25:20,333 To end all war. 1463 01:25:24,041 --> 01:25:27,541 Uh, Heisenberg sought me out in Copenhagen. 1464 01:25:28,416 --> 01:25:31,875 It was chilling, my old student working for the Nazis. 1465 01:25:31,916 --> 01:25:35,458 He told me some things to draw me out. 1466 01:25:36,416 --> 01:25:39,333 Sustained fission reactions in uranium. 1467 01:25:39,458 --> 01:25:41,375 That sounds more like a reactor than a bomb. 1468 01:25:41,750 --> 01:25:43,375 Did he mention gaseous diffusion? 1469 01:25:43,750 --> 01:25:46,083 He seemed more focused on heavy water. 1470 01:25:46,416 --> 01:25:48,875 As a moderator? -Yes, instead of graphite. 1471 01:25:52,375 --> 01:25:53,375 What? 1472 01:25:54,257 --> 01:25:55,291 He took a wrong turn. 1473 01:25:56,208 --> 01:25:57,211 We're ahead. 1474 01:25:57,291 --> 01:25:58,763 And with you here to help us, Niels... 1475 01:25:59,250 --> 01:26:02,541 Sorry, could you give us a moment, gentlemen? 1476 01:26:09,375 --> 01:26:11,375 I am not here to help, Robert. 1477 01:26:12,083 --> 01:26:13,718 I knew you could do this without me. 1478 01:26:14,000 --> 01:26:16,583 Then why did you come? -To talk about after. 1479 01:26:16,791 --> 01:26:20,583 The power you're about to reveal will forever outlive the Nazis. 1480 01:26:21,791 --> 01:26:23,250 And the world is not prepared. 1481 01:26:23,708 --> 01:26:27,125 "You can lift the stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed." 1482 01:26:27,166 --> 01:26:30,083 We have to make the politicians understand this isn't a new weapon. 1483 01:26:31,125 --> 01:26:32,207 It's a new world. 1484 01:26:33,012 --> 01:26:35,125 I'll be out there doing what I can, but you... 1485 01:26:36,125 --> 01:26:38,458 You're an American Prometheus. 1486 01:26:38,812 --> 01:26:42,619 The man who gave them the power to destroy themselves. 1487 01:26:42,916 --> 01:26:44,416 And they'll respect that. 1488 01:26:44,592 --> 01:26:46,416 Your work really begins. 1489 01:26:51,208 --> 01:26:53,416 I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call. 1490 01:26:55,416 --> 01:26:56,583 From San Francisco. 1491 01:27:03,958 --> 01:27:04,960 Robert! 1492 01:27:09,500 --> 01:27:10,484 Robert? 1493 01:27:11,166 --> 01:27:12,170 Robert. 1494 01:27:12,625 --> 01:27:13,625 Robert. 1495 01:27:13,708 --> 01:27:14,833 God, what's the matter? 1496 01:27:15,500 --> 01:27:16,501 What happened? 1497 01:27:18,291 --> 01:27:19,333 Her father called. 1498 01:27:20,375 --> 01:27:21,958 He found her yesterday in the bath. 1499 01:27:23,708 --> 01:27:24,711 Who? 1500 01:27:26,041 --> 01:27:28,791 She's taken pills. Left a note, not signed. 1501 01:27:30,708 --> 01:27:33,416 She took barbiturates, but there was chloral hydrate in her blood. 1502 01:27:37,375 --> 01:27:38,375 There was a note. 1503 01:27:39,041 --> 01:27:40,083 Jean Tatlock? 1504 01:27:47,208 --> 01:27:48,209 We were together. 1505 01:27:49,048 --> 01:27:50,375 She said she needed me. I... 1506 01:27:53,375 --> 01:27:54,376 I told her I... 1507 01:27:54,875 --> 01:27:55,876 I wouldn't... 1508 01:27:56,291 --> 01:27:57,293 I told her I... 1509 01:27:58,333 --> 01:27:59,583 No, it was me, it was me. 1510 01:28:02,800 --> 01:28:04,625 You don't get to commit the sin 1511 01:28:04,847 --> 01:28:07,979 and then have us all feel sorry for you that it had consequences. 1512 01:28:11,375 --> 01:28:13,375 Now you pull yourself together. 1513 01:28:17,500 --> 01:28:19,083 You know, people here depend on you. 1514 01:28:22,125 --> 01:28:23,958 Donald, would you like to contribute here? 1515 01:28:24,000 --> 01:28:25,083 Please, help me out. -You're on your own, pal. 1516 01:28:25,125 --> 01:28:27,975 Bob, I'm not quitting my job because plutonium is radioactive. 1517 01:28:28,045 --> 01:28:30,208 We just don't know what it might do 1518 01:28:30,250 --> 01:28:32,541 to the female reproductive system. -Your reproductive system 1519 01:28:32,583 --> 01:28:35,125 is more exposed than mine, presumably. -Can we please? 1520 01:28:35,500 --> 01:28:38,708 The implosion device is nowhere. -We can't rush everything. Oppie, please. 1521 01:28:38,750 --> 01:28:41,291 Well, there's rushing and there's getting on with it, so pick one. 1522 01:28:41,333 --> 01:28:43,000 Wait, wait, wait. Neddermeyer is doing his job. 1523 01:28:43,375 --> 01:28:45,958 Teller's not helping. You're not helping. 1524 01:28:46,000 --> 01:28:48,833 I've been asking for calculations on the implosion lenses for weeks. 1525 01:28:48,875 --> 01:28:51,000 The British can do it. Fuchs. -Absolutely. 1526 01:28:51,333 --> 01:28:54,458 It's your job, Teller. -I'm engaged in research. 1527 01:28:54,583 --> 01:28:56,698 On a hydrogen bomb we're not even building! 1528 01:29:05,708 --> 01:29:06,958 I won't work with that man. 1529 01:29:07,166 --> 01:29:09,333 Oh. Let him go. 1530 01:29:10,000 --> 01:29:11,625 He's a prima donna! -I agree. 1531 01:29:12,166 --> 01:29:13,333 He should leave Los Alamos. -Okay. 1532 01:29:14,560 --> 01:29:17,708 Kisti, you replace Neddermeyer. Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium. 1533 01:29:17,750 --> 01:29:21,041 Lilli, you go on for Kisti, because he needs you. 1534 01:29:21,375 --> 01:29:23,000 Fuchs, you take Teller's role. 1535 01:29:23,041 --> 01:29:25,124 I'm putting you exclusively on the implosion device. 1536 01:29:25,708 --> 01:29:29,250 And no one is leaving Los Alamos. 1537 01:29:44,041 --> 01:29:47,083 They won't let me leave! -No, I won't let you leave. 1538 01:29:49,000 --> 01:29:51,125 Forget Hans, forget fission. 1539 01:29:51,885 --> 01:29:54,000 Stay here, research what you want. 1540 01:29:54,791 --> 01:29:56,833 Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever. 1541 01:29:57,125 --> 01:29:59,708 We'll meet to discuss it. -You don't have time to meet. 1542 01:30:00,166 --> 01:30:03,625 You're a politician now, Robert. You've left physics behind many, many years ago. 1543 01:30:05,250 --> 01:30:06,245 Once a week. 1544 01:30:06,958 --> 01:30:08,250 One hour, you and me. 1545 01:30:14,708 --> 01:30:16,208 Now raise this fucking barrier! 1546 01:30:21,291 --> 01:30:24,458 So the Super was under development on your watch at Los Alamos? 1547 01:30:25,125 --> 01:30:26,114 Yes. 1548 01:30:26,541 --> 01:30:29,958 And yet, after the war, you tried to deny it was viable. 1549 01:30:30,125 --> 01:30:33,250 No, no, no. I pointed out technical difficulties with it. 1550 01:30:33,416 --> 01:30:35,041 Didn't you try to kill it at the AEC meeting 1551 01:30:35,083 --> 01:30:36,625 after the Russian bomb test? -No. 1552 01:30:36,833 --> 01:30:39,666 But that was the recommendation of the AEC, was it not? 1553 01:30:40,000 --> 01:30:42,750 After hours of discussion about the best response. 1554 01:30:43,291 --> 01:30:48,250 An H-bomb is 1,000 times the power of an A-bomb. 1555 01:30:49,416 --> 01:30:52,625 Its only intended target would be the largest cities. 1556 01:30:53,500 --> 01:30:55,458 It's a weapon of mass genocide. -Izzy. 1557 01:30:55,666 --> 01:30:57,750 Draw some circles on this side of the map, 1558 01:30:58,166 --> 01:31:00,541 where they would target us, starting with New York. 1559 01:31:00,583 --> 01:31:01,625 That's fair. -D.C. 1560 01:31:01,791 --> 01:31:04,375 It's a weapon of attack with no defensive value. 1561 01:31:04,708 --> 01:31:06,064 Deterrence. -Deterrence? 1562 01:31:06,083 --> 01:31:09,916 Do we really need more deterrence than our current arsenal of atomic bombs? 1563 01:31:10,000 --> 01:31:14,208 You, you drown in ten feet of water or 10,000, what's the difference? 1564 01:31:14,458 --> 01:31:16,541 We can already drown Russia. They know it... 1565 01:31:16,583 --> 01:31:18,625 Now they can drown us with... -We're just escalating... 1566 01:31:29,958 --> 01:31:34,708 As I said, Teller's designs are still as impractical as they were during the war. 1567 01:31:34,791 --> 01:31:37,541 A hydrogen bomb can be made to work, Oppie. You know that. 1568 01:31:37,583 --> 01:31:40,541 I don't believe we should commit all our resources to that chance. 1569 01:31:40,583 --> 01:31:43,666 Then how would you have Truman reassure the American people? 1570 01:31:43,708 --> 01:31:45,958 Simply by limiting the spread of atomic weapons 1571 01:31:46,000 --> 01:31:48,208 through international control on nuclear energy. 1572 01:31:49,125 --> 01:31:50,875 By which you mean world government. 1573 01:31:51,083 --> 01:31:53,583 The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended. 1574 01:31:53,750 --> 01:31:57,541 Well, I asked what Truman should do, right? The world's changed. 1575 01:31:57,583 --> 01:32:01,166 It's not fascism but communism that now threatens our survival. 1576 01:32:01,458 --> 01:32:04,791 Lewis, do you understand, if we build a hydrogen bomb, 1577 01:32:04,916 --> 01:32:07,291 the Russians will have no choice but to build their own? 1578 01:32:07,375 --> 01:32:08,833 Could they be working on one already? 1579 01:32:09,187 --> 01:32:11,958 Based on information gathered from the spy at Los Alamos... 1580 01:32:12,000 --> 01:32:13,541 No spy at Los Alamos. -Gentlemen... 1581 01:32:13,583 --> 01:32:15,541 There wasn't? -Let's not get sidetracked. 1582 01:32:16,416 --> 01:32:19,004 I say we use this moment to gain concessions from the Russians 1583 01:32:19,028 --> 01:32:22,166 by committing that we will not build a hydrogen bomb. 1584 01:32:22,250 --> 01:32:23,916 Thereby revealing its existence. 1585 01:32:23,958 --> 01:32:25,884 Which you seem convinced they already know. 1586 01:32:26,125 --> 01:32:27,136 Alright. 1587 01:32:27,291 --> 01:32:30,958 At this point, I'd like the committee members to meet in privacy 1588 01:32:31,000 --> 01:32:33,060 to finalize our recommendations. 1589 01:32:34,666 --> 01:32:36,750 I'm just not sure you want to go down this route. 1590 01:32:36,791 --> 01:32:38,941 Lewis, with respect, we are the advisory committee. 1591 01:32:38,965 --> 01:32:40,250 We will give them our advice. 1592 01:32:40,958 --> 01:32:41,969 Good night. 1593 01:32:46,125 --> 01:32:47,958 Dr. Oppenheimer? Hi. 1594 01:32:48,750 --> 01:32:51,641 William Borden. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. 1595 01:32:51,685 --> 01:32:52,727 Oh, yes, yes. 1596 01:32:53,029 --> 01:32:54,291 During the war, I was a pilot. 1597 01:32:55,875 --> 01:33:00,414 One night, flying back from a raid, I saw an amazing sight. 1598 01:33:00,458 --> 01:33:03,875 Like a meteor. A V2 rocket headed to England. 1599 01:33:05,041 --> 01:33:07,004 I can't help but imagine what it will be 1600 01:33:07,028 --> 01:33:11,000 for such an enemy rocket to carry an atomic warhead. 1601 01:33:20,375 --> 01:33:22,291 Let's make sure we're not the ones to make that possible. 1602 01:33:29,083 --> 01:33:31,291 Oppie, I don't think you want to go up against Strauss. 1603 01:33:32,125 --> 01:33:34,166 If we both speak, they listen to me. 1604 01:33:34,833 --> 01:33:38,583 When you speak, they hear a prophet. When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves. 1605 01:33:38,859 --> 01:33:39,958 They'll listen to a prophet. 1606 01:33:40,833 --> 01:33:43,541 A prophet can't be wrong. Not once. 1607 01:33:44,041 --> 01:33:47,172 Did you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging the development of the Super? 1608 01:33:47,458 --> 01:33:51,420 I was never one of those to bandy around terms like sabotage. 1609 01:33:52,041 --> 01:33:55,375 But Mr. Borden was? -As I understand it, possibly. 1610 01:33:55,666 --> 01:33:59,291 How was Mr. Borden able to put together such a detailed indictment? 1611 01:33:59,333 --> 01:34:02,000 He was no longer a government employee, yet he appears to have had 1612 01:34:02,070 --> 01:34:04,796 unlimited access to Dr. Oppenheimer's file. 1613 01:34:05,083 --> 01:34:07,541 Might Mr. Nichols have given him access to the file? 1614 01:34:07,708 --> 01:34:10,000 Or someone else at the AEC? 1615 01:34:10,208 --> 01:34:12,083 That's a very serious accusation, Senator. 1616 01:34:12,833 --> 01:34:14,125 Is it your intention to suggest 1617 01:34:14,166 --> 01:34:16,875 that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal to the United States? 1618 01:34:17,666 --> 01:34:21,500 I've always assumed, and still assume, that he's loyal to the United States. 1619 01:34:22,333 --> 01:34:24,074 I believe this, and I shall believe it, 1620 01:34:24,098 --> 01:34:26,333 until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 1621 01:34:26,875 --> 01:34:30,646 Do you or do you not believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 1622 01:34:39,916 --> 01:34:42,875 If I may, look, when Hitler blew his brains out in that bunker, 1623 01:34:42,916 --> 01:34:45,250 it is my humble opinion that there is no need 1624 01:34:45,333 --> 01:34:47,750 for that bomb to be seen anywhere except that test site. 1625 01:34:49,083 --> 01:34:51,041 Well, we at least have to take a moment to think about 1626 01:34:51,083 --> 01:34:54,208 whether the means justify the ends any longer because... 1627 01:34:57,291 --> 01:34:59,416 Germany is about to surrender. 1628 01:35:01,541 --> 01:35:05,666 It's no longer the enemy who are the greatest threat to mankind. 1629 01:35:05,708 --> 01:35:06,734 It's our work. 1630 01:35:09,250 --> 01:35:11,458 Hitler's dead. It's true. 1631 01:35:13,625 --> 01:35:14,791 But the Japanese fight on. 1632 01:35:15,416 --> 01:35:16,833 Their defeat seems assured. 1633 01:35:17,307 --> 01:35:19,333 Not if you're a G.I. preparing to invade. 1634 01:35:21,166 --> 01:35:22,250 We can end this war. 1635 01:35:22,421 --> 01:35:25,458 But how do we justify using this weapon on human beings? 1636 01:35:29,041 --> 01:35:30,166 We're theorists. 1637 01:35:31,208 --> 01:35:32,218 Yes? 1638 01:35:33,291 --> 01:35:37,666 We imagine a future, and our imaginings horrify us. 1639 01:35:38,708 --> 01:35:41,000 They won't fear it until they understand it, 1640 01:35:41,083 --> 01:35:43,458 and they won't understand it until they've used it. 1641 01:35:43,916 --> 01:35:47,208 When the world learns the terrible secret of Los Alamos, 1642 01:35:47,833 --> 01:35:51,250 our work here will ensure a peace mankind has never seen. 1643 01:35:51,416 --> 01:35:54,458 A peace based on the kind of international cooperation 1644 01:35:54,500 --> 01:35:56,416 that Roosevelt always envisaged. 1645 01:36:01,791 --> 01:36:04,583 Progress? -Two years and a billion dollars' worth. 1646 01:36:05,963 --> 01:36:08,958 Hard to put a price on it. -Not really, just add up the bills. 1647 01:36:09,000 --> 01:36:12,791 Rural free deliveries. 80 babies delivered the first year. 1648 01:36:13,500 --> 01:36:15,291 This year we've had ten, a month. 1649 01:36:16,083 --> 01:36:18,500 Birth control is a little out of my jurisdiction, General. 1650 01:36:19,666 --> 01:36:20,750 Clearly. -General. 1651 01:36:26,625 --> 01:36:29,541 Head down, everybody. Fuchs, head down. 1652 01:36:37,250 --> 01:36:38,251 That's the one! 1653 01:36:38,708 --> 01:36:39,833 Two viable bombs. 1654 01:36:40,302 --> 01:36:41,293 I need a date. 1655 01:36:44,166 --> 01:36:45,166 September. 1656 01:36:45,447 --> 01:36:46,447 July. 1657 01:36:46,822 --> 01:36:48,291 That's the sweet spot, gentlemen. 1658 01:36:49,208 --> 01:36:50,208 August. 1659 01:36:50,820 --> 01:36:51,830 July. 1660 01:36:52,500 --> 01:36:53,541 Tests in July. 1661 01:36:54,458 --> 01:36:55,500 But I need my brother. 1662 01:37:00,000 --> 01:37:02,375 Frank knows the desert. He's left politics behind. 1663 01:37:02,416 --> 01:37:04,209 He's been working with Lawrence for two years now. 1664 01:37:11,791 --> 01:37:12,833 What do we call the test? 1665 01:37:14,981 --> 01:37:15,999 "Batter my heart, 1666 01:37:16,791 --> 01:37:17,875 "three-person'd God." 1667 01:37:18,436 --> 01:37:19,458 What? 1668 01:37:21,125 --> 01:37:22,127 Trinity. 1669 01:37:30,125 --> 01:37:33,541 You insisted on bringing on your brother Frank, a known communist. 1670 01:37:33,583 --> 01:37:34,584 Former communist. 1671 01:37:35,281 --> 01:37:36,916 You brought a known former communist... 1672 01:37:37,750 --> 01:37:41,041 onto America's most secret and important defense project. 1673 01:37:41,125 --> 01:37:43,833 I knew my brother could be trusted. Absolutely. 1674 01:37:44,416 --> 01:37:47,375 And you thought your judgment was sound on who on the team could be trusted? 1675 01:37:48,291 --> 01:37:49,291 Fuchs, head down. 1676 01:37:49,958 --> 01:37:51,208 Okay. Everybody ready? 1677 01:38:01,208 --> 01:38:03,583 I hope you learned something. -Yeah, we've learned we're gonna need 1678 01:38:03,625 --> 01:38:06,041 to be a lot further away. -Well, figure it out, fast. 1679 01:38:06,333 --> 01:38:08,625 We leave for Washington in the morning. We're going to give him a date. 1680 01:38:24,541 --> 01:38:26,333 You're a long way from Chicago, Leo. 1681 01:38:26,416 --> 01:38:29,250 If we don't act now, they're going to use this thing against Japan. 1682 01:38:29,771 --> 01:38:32,041 We booked a meeting with Truman, but somebody killed it. 1683 01:38:33,000 --> 01:38:34,875 You're meeting the Secretary of War. 1684 01:38:35,208 --> 01:38:38,708 Just because we're building it, doesn't mean we get to decide how it's used. 1685 01:38:39,666 --> 01:38:41,125 History will judge us, Robert. 1686 01:38:42,583 --> 01:38:44,208 In Chicago, we put together a petition. 1687 01:38:45,291 --> 01:38:46,791 I'm not... I'm not getting into this. 1688 01:38:52,250 --> 01:38:53,916 Just tell me your concerns, and I'll relate them. 1689 01:38:53,986 --> 01:38:56,635 My concerns? Germany's defeated. 1690 01:38:57,208 --> 01:38:58,625 Japan's not going to hold out alone. 1691 01:38:58,666 --> 01:39:00,838 How could you know that? You got us into this. 1692 01:39:01,208 --> 01:39:04,166 You and Einstein, with your letter to Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb. 1693 01:39:04,208 --> 01:39:05,333 Against Germany. 1694 01:39:05,375 --> 01:39:07,931 That's not how weapons manufacture works, Szilard. 1695 01:39:08,333 --> 01:39:09,666 Oppie, you have to help. 1696 01:39:09,708 --> 01:39:11,431 Fermi's in the meeting. Lawrence is in the meeting. 1697 01:39:11,478 --> 01:39:14,291 They're not you. You're the great salesman of science. 1698 01:39:14,750 --> 01:39:16,625 You can convince anyone of anything. 1699 01:39:18,208 --> 01:39:19,209 Even yourself. 1700 01:39:20,125 --> 01:39:21,130 Excuse me. 1701 01:39:22,333 --> 01:39:26,708 The firestorm in Tokyo killed 100,000 people, mostly civilians. 1702 01:39:28,375 --> 01:39:31,375 I worry about America when we do these things and no one protests. 1703 01:39:31,833 --> 01:39:34,875 Pearl Harbor, and three years of brutal conflict in the Pacific, 1704 01:39:35,146 --> 01:39:37,458 buys a lot of latitude with the American public. 1705 01:39:38,029 --> 01:39:39,583 Enough to unleash the atomic bomb? 1706 01:39:39,827 --> 01:39:43,208 Uh, the A-bomb might not cause as much damage as the Tokyo bombings. 1707 01:39:43,625 --> 01:39:44,616 What are we estimating? 1708 01:39:44,964 --> 01:39:46,833 In a medium-sized city, uh... 1709 01:39:47,541 --> 01:39:49,700 20,000 or 30,000 dead. 1710 01:39:49,791 --> 01:39:51,875 Yes, but don't underestimate 1711 01:39:51,916 --> 01:39:55,466 the psychological impact of an atomic explosion. 1712 01:39:56,083 --> 01:39:59,041 A pillar of fire, 10,000 feet tall, 1713 01:39:59,958 --> 01:40:01,833 deadly neutron effects for a mile, 1714 01:40:02,000 --> 01:40:05,708 in all directions, from one single device. 1715 01:40:06,125 --> 01:40:09,541 Dropped from a barely-noticed B-29, the atomic bomb will be... 1716 01:40:10,833 --> 01:40:13,333 a terrible revelation of divine power. 1717 01:40:14,125 --> 01:40:16,416 If that's true, it would be definitive. 1718 01:40:16,916 --> 01:40:18,291 World War II would be over. 1719 01:40:18,958 --> 01:40:20,000 Our boys would come home. 1720 01:40:20,716 --> 01:40:21,709 Military targets? 1721 01:40:22,958 --> 01:40:24,666 But there aren't any big enough. 1722 01:40:25,083 --> 01:40:28,083 Perhaps a vital war plant, 1723 01:40:28,125 --> 01:40:30,750 with workers housed nearby. 1724 01:40:30,791 --> 01:40:33,666 And we could issue a warning to reduce civilian casualties. 1725 01:40:33,916 --> 01:40:36,000 They'd send everything they have up against us, 1726 01:40:36,041 --> 01:40:37,750 and I'd be up in that plane. 1727 01:40:38,134 --> 01:40:40,666 If we announce it, and it fails to go off, 1728 01:40:41,150 --> 01:40:43,625 we'd scupper any chance of a Japanese surrender. 1729 01:40:44,083 --> 01:40:48,208 Is there no way to demonstrate a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender? 1730 01:40:48,320 --> 01:40:51,291 We intend to demonstrate it in the most unambiguous terms. 1731 01:40:51,728 --> 01:40:52,728 Twice. 1732 01:40:52,783 --> 01:40:54,635 Once to show the weapon's power, 1733 01:40:54,705 --> 01:40:57,958 and a second to show that we can keep doing this until they surrender. 1734 01:40:58,500 --> 01:41:00,833 We have a list of 12 cities to choose from. 1735 01:41:01,700 --> 01:41:02,708 Sorry, 11. 1736 01:41:03,700 --> 01:41:05,625 I've taken Kyoto off the list, 1737 01:41:05,666 --> 01:41:08,125 due to its cultural significance to the Japanese people. 1738 01:41:09,291 --> 01:41:11,250 Also, my wife and I honeymooned there. 1739 01:41:12,250 --> 01:41:13,375 It's a magnificent city. 1740 01:41:17,416 --> 01:41:18,791 Let me make this simple for you, gentlemen. 1741 01:41:18,833 --> 01:41:21,375 According to my intelligence, which I cannot share with you, 1742 01:41:21,416 --> 01:41:23,250 the Japanese people will not surrender, 1743 01:41:23,833 --> 01:41:25,250 under any circumstances, 1744 01:41:25,541 --> 01:41:28,666 short of a successful and total invasion of the home islands. 1745 01:41:29,458 --> 01:41:31,833 Many lives would be lost, American and Japanese. 1746 01:41:32,625 --> 01:41:36,000 The use of the atomic bomb on Japanese cities will save lives. 1747 01:41:36,416 --> 01:41:38,250 If we retain moral advantage. 1748 01:41:39,291 --> 01:41:41,000 How so? -Well, if we use this weapon 1749 01:41:41,041 --> 01:41:43,416 without informing our allies, they'll see it as a threat, 1750 01:41:43,458 --> 01:41:44,791 and we'll be in an arms race. 1751 01:41:45,166 --> 01:41:46,958 How open can we be with the Soviets? 1752 01:41:47,250 --> 01:41:51,166 Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from becoming part of the atomic world. 1753 01:41:51,416 --> 01:41:54,750 We've been told they have no uranium. -You've been misinformed. 1754 01:41:54,791 --> 01:41:56,500 A Russian bomb is a matter of time. 1755 01:41:56,541 --> 01:41:59,541 The program needs to continue at full pace after the war. 1756 01:42:00,808 --> 01:42:02,500 Secretary Simpson, if I may, 1757 01:42:02,708 --> 01:42:06,666 not all scientists on the project are in agreement. 1758 01:42:06,708 --> 01:42:09,375 In fact, this might be a moment to consider other opinions. 1759 01:42:09,958 --> 01:42:12,250 If you talk to scientists... -The Manhattan Project has been plagued 1760 01:42:12,291 --> 01:42:15,123 from the start by certain scientists of... 1761 01:42:15,333 --> 01:42:18,083 doubtful discretion, and uncertain loyalty. 1762 01:42:18,208 --> 01:42:19,958 One of 'em just tried to meet with the President. 1763 01:42:20,250 --> 01:42:21,583 Now, we need these men, 1764 01:42:22,000 --> 01:42:23,375 but as soon as it's practical, 1765 01:42:23,416 --> 01:42:25,750 we should sever any such scientists from the program. 1766 01:42:25,791 --> 01:42:26,833 Wouldn't you agree, Doctor? 1767 01:42:28,583 --> 01:42:30,375 If a Russian bomb is inevitable, 1768 01:42:31,125 --> 01:42:34,041 perhaps we should invite their top scientist to Trinity. 1769 01:42:34,083 --> 01:42:37,458 President Truman has no intention of raising expectations 1770 01:42:37,750 --> 01:42:40,208 that Stalin be included in the atomic project. 1771 01:42:40,666 --> 01:42:42,041 Informing him of our breakthrough, 1772 01:42:42,066 --> 01:42:44,041 and presenting it as a means to win the war, 1773 01:42:44,066 --> 01:42:45,791 need not make unkeepable promises. 1774 01:42:46,107 --> 01:42:48,000 But, the Potsdam Peace Conference in July 1775 01:42:48,041 --> 01:42:51,166 will be President Truman's last chance to have that conversation. 1776 01:42:52,458 --> 01:42:54,041 Can you give us a working bomb by then? 1777 01:42:55,375 --> 01:42:56,376 Absolutely. 1778 01:42:56,466 --> 01:42:58,166 We will test fire before the conference. 1779 01:43:03,416 --> 01:43:06,000 Ground zero. Observation posts 1780 01:43:06,041 --> 01:43:09,791 at 10,000 yards, north, south, and west. 1781 01:43:09,833 --> 01:43:12,291 Where do we trigger from? -South, 10,000. 1782 01:43:13,083 --> 01:43:16,208 And base camp is ten miles south here. 1783 01:43:16,458 --> 01:43:21,583 And there's a further observation post on that hill, 20 miles away. 1784 01:43:21,916 --> 01:43:24,181 What's that, Frank? Trigger lines already went in. 1785 01:43:24,583 --> 01:43:28,208 The Air Force requested a line of lights for their B-29. 1786 01:43:28,333 --> 01:43:30,314 What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower. 1787 01:43:30,750 --> 01:43:32,000 They want to use the test 1788 01:43:32,041 --> 01:43:34,375 to confirm a safe operating distance. -That's risky. 1789 01:43:34,708 --> 01:43:36,416 But not as risky as dropping one over Japan, 1790 01:43:36,458 --> 01:43:38,375 and hoping that we were right about the blast radius. 1791 01:43:38,583 --> 01:43:40,875 Don't let 'em slow us down, we're firing on the 15th. 1792 01:43:40,916 --> 01:43:43,333 The 15th? That's not... -The 15th. 1793 01:43:44,949 --> 01:43:45,949 15th. 1794 01:43:47,291 --> 01:43:49,357 So I'll be here at South Observation Point 1795 01:43:49,381 --> 01:43:51,125 with Frank and Kistiakowsky. 1796 01:43:51,916 --> 01:43:54,375 You'll all be assigned to Base Camp, 1797 01:43:54,583 --> 01:43:57,000 West Observation, or Far Observation. 1798 01:44:07,208 --> 01:44:09,125 Hey, whoa, whoa! Careful with that knife. 1799 01:44:12,375 --> 01:44:13,791 Are those safe distances? 1800 01:44:14,571 --> 01:44:16,041 They're based on your calculations. 1801 01:44:16,291 --> 01:44:19,125 Time to stand behind your science, Hans. Literally. 1802 01:44:49,083 --> 01:44:50,541 What about the radiation cloud? 1803 01:44:50,958 --> 01:44:53,833 Without high winds, it should settle within 2-3 miles. 1804 01:44:53,875 --> 01:44:55,500 Evacuation measures are in place. 1805 01:44:56,250 --> 01:44:58,958 But we need good weather for visibility, so it has to be fine. 1806 01:45:00,708 --> 01:45:01,710 Everybody out! 1807 01:45:12,125 --> 01:45:14,956 We go on the night of the 15th. It's a hard deadline. 1808 01:45:15,166 --> 01:45:17,583 So if anyone has anything, speak now. 1809 01:45:19,321 --> 01:45:21,791 Okay, stop, stop! Everybody, mattresses. 1810 01:45:22,250 --> 01:45:23,958 Put the mattress there, underneath. 1811 01:45:41,208 --> 01:45:43,333 We could use a final implosion test. 1812 01:45:45,791 --> 01:45:47,916 It couldn't hurt. -Do it. 1813 01:45:49,557 --> 01:45:51,291 Is there anything else that might stop us? 1814 01:46:26,363 --> 01:46:27,417 It's happening, isn't it? 1815 01:46:30,166 --> 01:46:31,212 I'll send a message. 1816 01:46:32,333 --> 01:46:33,583 If it's gone our way: 1817 01:46:35,375 --> 01:46:36,376 "Take in the sheets." 1818 01:46:40,750 --> 01:46:41,751 Robert. 1819 01:46:44,750 --> 01:46:45,751 Break a leg. 1820 01:46:59,125 --> 01:47:00,128 Look. 1821 01:47:52,416 --> 01:47:55,333 Oppie's taken a very modest three kilotons. 1822 01:47:55,625 --> 01:47:57,791 Teller's view is 45. -20! 1823 01:47:57,958 --> 01:48:00,250 20,000 tons of TNT. 1824 01:48:00,291 --> 01:48:03,500 And does anyone want the side action on atmospheric ignition? 1825 01:48:06,250 --> 01:48:07,583 Are you saying we'll have to delay? 1826 01:48:08,083 --> 01:48:09,375 I'm saying it would be prudent. 1827 01:48:09,416 --> 01:48:10,708 This weather, has it reached the site? 1828 01:48:16,661 --> 01:48:18,916 Bethe is calling to tell you the implosion test failed. 1829 01:48:18,958 --> 01:48:20,875 Hello, Hans? Yes, he's here. 1830 01:48:22,458 --> 01:48:23,465 Yes. 1831 01:48:26,166 --> 01:48:27,166 Is he wrong? 1832 01:48:27,366 --> 01:48:28,366 No. -No? 1833 01:48:28,819 --> 01:48:29,804 No. 1834 01:48:30,526 --> 01:48:31,708 So we're about to fire a dud? 1835 01:48:32,606 --> 01:48:33,875 No. -Explain! 1836 01:48:34,164 --> 01:48:35,458 Well, I can't. I just, I... 1837 01:48:35,636 --> 01:48:38,175 I just know, I know the implosion lenses will work. 1838 01:48:38,208 --> 01:48:40,791 If we fire these detonators and they don't trigger a reaction, 1839 01:48:40,833 --> 01:48:44,083 two years' worth of plutonium will be scattered across White Sands. 1840 01:48:44,250 --> 01:48:46,958 A month of my salary against ten bucks says it lights. 1841 01:48:48,083 --> 01:48:49,083 Oh, Jesus! 1842 01:48:56,041 --> 01:48:59,247 The wind's pickin' up at zero, not the rain. Lightning's circling. 1843 01:48:59,522 --> 01:49:01,835 Think it might be time to tell your men to get away 1844 01:49:01,859 --> 01:49:03,875 from the steel tower with the atomic bomb? 1845 01:49:07,625 --> 01:49:09,136 Let's get to South Observation. 1846 01:49:09,214 --> 01:49:11,208 Pull 'em out, and we can make our determination there. 1847 01:49:17,291 --> 01:49:19,166 The team hasn't slept in two nights! 1848 01:49:19,583 --> 01:49:22,833 If we stand down and make the bomb safe, we won't be back here for weeks! 1849 01:49:22,907 --> 01:49:24,166 And we'll miss Potsdam! 1850 01:49:24,541 --> 01:49:27,708 I gotta get word to Truman by seven, our window's closing. 1851 01:49:27,797 --> 01:49:30,083 What is this doing? -Raining, blowing, lightning. 1852 01:49:30,125 --> 01:49:32,227 For how long, damnit? -Holdin' strong! 1853 01:49:32,321 --> 01:49:33,583 It'll break before dawn. 1854 01:49:33,958 --> 01:49:35,541 How could you know that? -I know this desert. 1855 01:49:35,583 --> 01:49:38,250 Storm cools overnight. Just before dawn, storm breaks. 1856 01:49:38,541 --> 01:49:39,555 You could be right, 1857 01:49:39,579 --> 01:49:41,797 but schedule as late as possible. -Five-thirty. 1858 01:49:42,541 --> 01:49:45,041 Sign your forecast. If you're wrong, I'll hang you. 1859 01:49:45,166 --> 01:49:48,125 Tell 'em all. Five-thirty. -Five-thirty, five-thirty! 1860 01:49:50,916 --> 01:49:55,625 Three years, 4,000 people, two billion dollars. 1861 01:49:55,875 --> 01:49:57,291 Well, if it doesn't go off, 1862 01:49:58,375 --> 01:49:59,416 we're both finished. 1863 01:50:02,458 --> 01:50:04,125 I'm betting on three kilotons. 1864 01:50:05,333 --> 01:50:07,000 Anything less, they won't get what it is. 1865 01:50:07,958 --> 01:50:11,451 Now, what did Fermi mean by, uh, atmospheric ignition? 1866 01:50:11,666 --> 01:50:14,083 Well, we had a moment where it looked like the chain reaction 1867 01:50:14,125 --> 01:50:16,416 from an atomic device might never stop. 1868 01:50:17,666 --> 01:50:19,091 Setting fire to the atmosphere. 1869 01:50:19,541 --> 01:50:22,083 Why's Fermi still taking side bets on it? 1870 01:50:22,875 --> 01:50:24,427 Call it gallows humor. 1871 01:50:27,458 --> 01:50:31,952 Wait, are we saying there's a chance that when we push that button, 1872 01:50:32,458 --> 01:50:33,625 we destroy the world? 1873 01:50:33,875 --> 01:50:36,708 Nothing in our research over three years supports that conclusion, 1874 01:50:37,541 --> 01:50:40,291 except as the most remote possibility. 1875 01:50:41,250 --> 01:50:43,333 How remote? -Chances are near-zero. 1876 01:50:44,916 --> 01:50:45,917 Near-zero? 1877 01:50:47,166 --> 01:50:48,666 What do you want from theory alone? 1878 01:50:51,250 --> 01:50:53,000 Zero would be nice. 1879 01:50:56,625 --> 01:50:59,208 In exactly one hour... 1880 01:50:59,583 --> 01:51:02,375 and 58 minutes, we'll know. 1881 01:51:09,333 --> 01:51:10,334 It's letting up. 1882 01:51:23,416 --> 01:51:25,583 The arming party's left zero, they're heading this way. 1883 01:51:25,625 --> 01:51:26,625 Throw on your switches. 1884 01:51:26,833 --> 01:51:29,541 Turn the cars! Ready for emergency evacuation. 1885 01:51:48,166 --> 01:51:50,541 ...welder's glass. Everybody take their places. 1886 01:51:51,416 --> 01:51:53,208 Everybody take a welder's glass! 1887 01:51:55,083 --> 01:51:56,625 Everybody take a welder's glass! 1888 01:52:48,333 --> 01:52:49,336 20 minutes. 1889 01:52:53,666 --> 01:52:54,667 20 minutes! 1890 01:53:06,000 --> 01:53:07,000 That's 20! 1891 01:53:10,708 --> 01:53:11,708 On the leg, please. 1892 01:53:13,341 --> 01:53:14,916 Feynman? -No. 1893 01:53:15,833 --> 01:53:17,791 The glass stops the UV. 1894 01:53:18,291 --> 01:53:19,416 What stops the glass? 1895 01:53:21,375 --> 01:53:22,376 I'm heading to base camp. 1896 01:53:22,771 --> 01:53:23,771 Best of luck. 1897 01:53:24,791 --> 01:53:25,794 Robert? 1898 01:53:27,291 --> 01:53:28,375 Try not to blow up the world. 1899 01:53:40,833 --> 01:53:43,338 Watch that needle. If the detonators don't charge, 1900 01:53:43,455 --> 01:53:45,166 and the voltage drops below one volt, 1901 01:53:45,333 --> 01:53:47,750 you hit that button, you abort. Understood? 1902 01:53:48,572 --> 01:53:49,572 Understood. 1903 01:53:57,166 --> 01:53:59,034 Two minutes to detonation. 1904 01:53:59,510 --> 01:54:00,510 Everybody down! 1905 01:54:01,625 --> 01:54:04,333 Do not turn around until you see light reflected on the hills. 1906 01:54:05,750 --> 01:54:08,500 Then look at the explosion only through your welder's glass. 1907 01:54:08,541 --> 01:54:11,083 90 seconds to detonation. 1908 01:54:12,875 --> 01:54:15,208 80 seconds to detonation. 1909 01:54:16,125 --> 01:54:17,359 Is it rubbed in? 1910 01:54:18,166 --> 01:54:19,184 Yeah. 1911 01:54:25,833 --> 01:54:28,500 60 seconds to detonation. 1912 01:54:43,416 --> 01:54:45,166 These things are hard on your heart. 1913 01:54:45,791 --> 01:54:46,791 30 seconds. 1914 01:54:52,541 --> 01:54:53,583 Detonators charged! 1915 01:55:04,166 --> 01:55:05,376 17. 1916 01:55:05,463 --> 01:55:06,689 16. 1917 01:55:07,197 --> 01:55:08,407 15. 1918 01:55:08,791 --> 01:55:09,791 14. 1919 01:55:10,776 --> 01:55:11,792 13. 1920 01:55:12,500 --> 01:55:13,502 12. 1921 01:55:14,000 --> 01:55:15,003 11. 1922 01:55:15,901 --> 01:55:16,920 Ten. 1923 01:55:18,083 --> 01:55:19,089 Nine. 1924 01:55:20,041 --> 01:55:21,035 Eight. 1925 01:55:22,291 --> 01:55:23,300 Seven. 1926 01:55:24,791 --> 01:55:25,811 Six. 1927 01:55:27,708 --> 01:55:28,720 Five. 1928 01:55:30,333 --> 01:55:31,333 Four. 1929 01:55:32,875 --> 01:55:33,875 Three. 1930 01:55:35,416 --> 01:55:36,416 Two. 1931 01:55:37,708 --> 01:55:38,500 One. 1932 01:57:11,750 --> 01:57:14,031 "And now I am become Death... 1933 01:57:16,420 --> 01:57:17,875 "the destroyer of worlds." 1934 01:57:51,583 --> 01:57:52,583 It worked. 1935 01:58:28,208 --> 01:58:29,375 You owe me ten dollars! 1936 01:58:32,334 --> 01:58:35,041 Come on! -I... I'm good for it, Kisti. 1937 01:58:35,980 --> 01:58:36,980 You are! 1938 01:58:37,910 --> 01:58:39,000 Yes, you are! 1939 01:59:16,750 --> 01:59:18,208 Get me Potsdam right away. 1940 01:59:30,017 --> 01:59:31,083 Get a message to Kitty. 1941 01:59:31,708 --> 01:59:33,875 We can't say anything. -Tell her to take in the sheets. 1942 01:59:49,735 --> 01:59:51,375 Hello? -Hi, Kitty? 1943 01:59:51,416 --> 01:59:54,500 What? What? Charlotte? Charlotte, go ahead. Go ahead. 1944 01:59:54,583 --> 01:59:56,166 Oh, um, well, I don't know, 1945 01:59:56,208 --> 01:59:58,666 he just said to tell you to bring in the sheets. 1946 02:00:01,875 --> 02:00:02,877 Kitty? 1947 02:00:04,500 --> 02:00:06,708 Kitty? Kitty, are you still there? 1948 02:00:14,125 --> 02:00:17,250 If they detonate it too high in the air, the blast won't be as powerful. 1949 02:00:17,666 --> 02:00:20,875 With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer, we'll take it from here. 1950 02:00:31,750 --> 02:00:33,881 Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam? 1951 02:00:34,833 --> 02:00:37,208 "Brief" would be an overstatement. 1952 02:00:37,250 --> 02:00:40,833 He referred to a powerful new weapon. 1953 02:00:41,541 --> 02:00:46,208 Stalin... hoped we'd use it against Japan. 1954 02:00:47,750 --> 02:00:48,750 That's it? 1955 02:00:49,333 --> 02:00:52,541 Robert, we've given them an ace. It's for them to play the hand. 1956 02:00:54,958 --> 02:00:56,041 You're aiming for the sixth? 1957 02:00:57,193 --> 02:00:58,958 It's up to the CO in the Pacific. 1958 02:01:00,833 --> 02:01:02,041 Should I come with you to Washington? 1959 02:01:04,250 --> 02:01:05,250 What for? 1960 02:01:07,735 --> 02:01:08,916 Well, you keep me informed. 1961 02:01:10,766 --> 02:01:11,766 Of course. 1962 02:01:14,041 --> 02:01:15,042 As best I can. 1963 02:01:33,333 --> 02:01:35,750 Would the Japanese surrender if they knew what was coming? 1964 02:01:37,291 --> 02:01:38,296 I don't know. 1965 02:01:41,250 --> 02:01:42,625 Have you seen Szilard's petition? 1966 02:01:43,291 --> 02:01:45,166 How the hell does Szilard know about the Japanese? 1967 02:01:46,000 --> 02:01:47,000 You're not signing it, are you? 1968 02:01:48,125 --> 02:01:49,833 Many people have. A lot of people. 1969 02:01:50,586 --> 02:01:51,594 Edward... 1970 02:01:53,125 --> 02:01:55,916 the fact that we built this bomb does not give us any more, 1971 02:01:55,958 --> 02:01:57,583 any more right or responsibility 1972 02:01:57,708 --> 02:01:59,875 to decide how it's used than anyone else. 1973 02:02:00,250 --> 02:02:01,833 But we're the only people who know about it. 1974 02:02:02,583 --> 02:02:05,125 I've told Stimson the various opinions of the community. 1975 02:02:05,708 --> 02:02:06,707 But what's your opinion? 1976 02:02:08,250 --> 02:02:09,250 Once it's used... 1977 02:02:10,791 --> 02:02:12,458 nuclear war, perhaps... 1978 02:02:13,458 --> 02:02:14,661 all war... 1979 02:02:16,067 --> 02:02:17,083 becomes unthinkable. 1980 02:02:18,041 --> 02:02:19,750 Until somebody builds a bigger one. 1981 02:02:41,083 --> 02:02:42,250 I thought they would call. 1982 02:02:42,625 --> 02:02:43,958 It's only the fifth. 1983 02:02:46,622 --> 02:02:48,250 In Japan, it's the sixth. 1984 02:03:01,458 --> 02:03:02,454 Charlotte? 1985 02:03:05,041 --> 02:03:06,043 Try Groves. 1986 02:03:07,595 --> 02:03:08,584 Anything? 1987 02:03:11,041 --> 02:03:13,291 Charlotte? -Truman's on the radio. 1988 02:03:14,750 --> 02:03:16,666 16 hours ago, 1989 02:03:17,666 --> 02:03:19,416 an American airplane 1990 02:03:19,833 --> 02:03:22,810 dropped one bomb on Hiroshima, 1991 02:03:24,500 --> 02:03:27,387 and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. 1992 02:03:29,666 --> 02:03:31,750 The bomb has more power 1993 02:03:32,208 --> 02:03:35,250 than 20,000 tons of TNT. 1994 02:03:37,750 --> 02:03:39,458 It is an atomic bomb. 1995 02:03:42,375 --> 02:03:46,708 It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. 1996 02:03:49,500 --> 02:03:50,503 Groves on one. 1997 02:03:56,708 --> 02:03:57,705 General? 1998 02:03:57,750 --> 02:03:59,916 I'm very proud of you, and all of your people. 1999 02:04:00,625 --> 02:04:01,625 It went alright? 2000 02:04:02,208 --> 02:04:04,458 Apparently it went with a tremendous bang. 2001 02:04:05,736 --> 02:04:09,541 Well, everyone here is feeling reasonably good about it. 2002 02:04:11,326 --> 02:04:12,541 It's been a long road. 2003 02:04:13,000 --> 02:04:15,166 I think one of the wisest things I ever did 2004 02:04:15,208 --> 02:04:17,708 was when I selected the director of Los Alamos. 2005 02:04:21,125 --> 02:04:24,750 We have spent more than two billion dollars 2006 02:04:25,250 --> 02:04:28,750 on the greatest scientific gamble in history, 2007 02:04:29,625 --> 02:04:31,083 and we have won. 2008 02:04:37,000 --> 02:04:39,708 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 2009 02:05:59,625 --> 02:06:00,625 The world... 2010 02:06:02,666 --> 02:06:03,708 will remember this day. 2011 02:06:23,083 --> 02:06:24,333 It's too soon to... 2012 02:06:25,333 --> 02:06:26,916 It's too soon to determine 2013 02:06:27,291 --> 02:06:29,000 what the results of the bombing are. 2014 02:06:32,500 --> 02:06:34,041 But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it. 2015 02:06:54,916 --> 02:06:55,917 I'm so proud. 2016 02:06:57,583 --> 02:06:59,333 So proud of what you have accomplished. 2017 02:07:07,250 --> 02:07:09,875 I just wish we had it in time to use against the Germans. 2018 02:08:59,625 --> 02:09:00,609 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2019 02:09:02,041 --> 02:09:03,025 Dr. Oppenheimer? 2020 02:09:04,333 --> 02:09:05,323 Nice picture. 2021 02:09:06,166 --> 02:09:07,291 President Truman will see you now. 2022 02:09:22,166 --> 02:09:24,916 Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor. 2023 02:09:24,958 --> 02:09:26,617 Mr. President. -Please. 2024 02:09:26,958 --> 02:09:27,977 Thank you. 2025 02:09:28,625 --> 02:09:29,750 Secretary Byrnes. 2026 02:09:32,541 --> 02:09:35,333 How's it feel to be the most famous man in the world? 2027 02:09:36,458 --> 02:09:39,083 You helped save a lot of American lives. 2028 02:09:39,747 --> 02:09:43,692 What we did at Hiroshima was... -And Nagasaki. 2029 02:09:44,875 --> 02:09:46,255 Obviously. 2030 02:09:47,041 --> 02:09:50,083 Your invention let us bring our boys home. 2031 02:09:50,125 --> 02:09:53,224 Well, it was hardly... my invention. 2032 02:09:53,625 --> 02:09:55,541 It was you on the cover of Time. 2033 02:09:58,583 --> 02:10:02,083 Jim tells me you're concerned about an arms race with the Soviets. 2034 02:10:02,375 --> 02:10:03,416 Ah, yes, ah... 2035 02:10:05,083 --> 02:10:06,068 Well, um... 2036 02:10:06,541 --> 02:10:10,416 it's that, uh, now is our chance to secure... 2037 02:10:11,791 --> 02:10:14,583 international cooperation on atomic energy, 2038 02:10:14,625 --> 02:10:16,875 and-and-and I'm concerned... 2039 02:10:16,916 --> 02:10:19,713 Do you know when the Soviets are gonna have the bomb? 2040 02:10:20,166 --> 02:10:21,666 I don't think I could give a... 2041 02:10:21,791 --> 02:10:22,791 Never! 2042 02:10:24,041 --> 02:10:25,041 Never. 2043 02:10:25,666 --> 02:10:28,916 Mr. President, the Russians have good physicists, 2044 02:10:28,958 --> 02:10:31,583 and, and abundant resources... -Abundant? 2045 02:10:31,666 --> 02:10:32,667 Yes. 2046 02:10:33,198 --> 02:10:34,916 I don't think so. 2047 02:10:35,416 --> 02:10:38,625 Well, they'll put everything they have in... 2048 02:10:42,708 --> 02:10:46,166 I hear you're leaving Los Alamos. 2049 02:10:47,583 --> 02:10:48,844 What should we do with it? 2050 02:10:49,208 --> 02:10:50,541 Give it back to the Indians. 2051 02:10:58,791 --> 02:11:01,166 Um, Dr. Oppenheimer... 2052 02:11:02,166 --> 02:11:04,625 if what you say about the Soviets is true, 2053 02:11:05,333 --> 02:11:09,208 we have to build up Los Alamos, not shut it down. 2054 02:11:13,041 --> 02:11:14,208 Mr. President... 2055 02:11:15,958 --> 02:11:16,958 Umm... 2056 02:11:20,125 --> 02:11:23,541 I feel that I have blood on my hands. 2057 02:11:43,541 --> 02:11:46,541 You think anyone in Hiroshima, or... 2058 02:11:47,609 --> 02:11:51,541 Nagasaki, gives a shit who built the bomb? 2059 02:11:55,375 --> 02:11:57,000 They care who dropped it. 2060 02:11:58,375 --> 02:11:59,376 I did. 2061 02:12:02,208 --> 02:12:04,166 Hiroshima isn't about you. 2062 02:12:10,958 --> 02:12:12,250 Dr. Oppenheimer. 2063 02:12:23,958 --> 02:12:26,166 Don't let that crybaby back in here! 2064 02:12:31,791 --> 02:12:34,708 Robert saw that hand-wringing got him nowhere. 2065 02:12:35,750 --> 02:12:38,000 By the time I met him, he'd fully embraced 2066 02:12:38,041 --> 02:12:39,958 his "Father of the Bomb" reputation. 2067 02:12:40,875 --> 02:12:43,416 And used his profile to influence policy. 2068 02:12:52,583 --> 02:12:54,000 Doctor, in the years following the war, 2069 02:12:54,041 --> 02:12:56,291 would you say that you exerted a great influence 2070 02:12:56,333 --> 02:12:58,166 on the atomic policies of the USA? 2071 02:12:58,208 --> 02:13:00,375 I think "great" would be an overstatement. 2072 02:13:00,583 --> 02:13:02,791 Really? I mean, look at the issue of isotopes. 2073 02:13:02,833 --> 02:13:06,416 Were you not personally responsible for destroying all opposition to their export? 2074 02:13:06,638 --> 02:13:08,458 ...could use a bottle of beer 2075 02:13:09,083 --> 02:13:11,001 in making atomic weapons. In fact, you do. 2076 02:13:11,416 --> 02:13:15,166 I was the spokesman, but the opinion among scientists was unanimous. 2077 02:13:15,458 --> 02:13:18,500 All along, with McCarthy on the rise, he knew he was vulnerable. 2078 02:13:19,267 --> 02:13:22,750 His brother was blacklisted by every university in the country. 2079 02:13:24,416 --> 02:13:27,125 Lomanitz wound up working the railroad, laying track. 2080 02:13:29,291 --> 02:13:31,291 Chevalier went into exile. 2081 02:13:33,583 --> 02:13:36,083 But none of that stopped Robert 2082 02:13:36,125 --> 02:13:38,805 from pushing the GAC to recommend arms control, 2083 02:13:38,829 --> 02:13:39,833 instead of the H-Bomb. 2084 02:13:42,125 --> 02:13:45,250 He was devastated when Truman rejected their recommendation. 2085 02:13:47,541 --> 02:13:49,208 I miss Richard more than I can bear. 2086 02:13:49,541 --> 02:13:51,000 I know, Ruth. I know. 2087 02:13:51,437 --> 02:13:54,333 I'm just glad he didn't live to see where this has all gone. 2088 02:13:57,708 --> 02:14:00,416 Here comes the birthday boy, to gloat... 2089 02:14:00,875 --> 02:14:01,860 Have fun. 2090 02:14:02,625 --> 02:14:04,541 Robert, my son and his fiancée 2091 02:14:04,583 --> 02:14:07,083 are desperate to meet the father of the atomic bomb, so... 2092 02:14:07,107 --> 02:14:08,099 Hello. 2093 02:14:16,333 --> 02:14:17,335 Is this a bad time? 2094 02:14:18,333 --> 02:14:19,377 What do you think, Lewis? 2095 02:14:20,000 --> 02:14:21,583 Well, I think it must have been a blow for you. 2096 02:14:22,250 --> 02:14:23,251 For the world. 2097 02:14:24,875 --> 02:14:27,625 The world? What does Fuchs mean to the rest of the world? 2098 02:14:29,541 --> 02:14:30,568 Fuchs? 2099 02:14:30,998 --> 02:14:31,999 Klaus Fuchs? 2100 02:14:34,008 --> 02:14:36,125 Oh dear. You haven't heard. 2101 02:14:39,458 --> 02:14:41,375 Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist 2102 02:14:41,416 --> 02:14:44,000 that you put onto the implosion team at Los Alamos. 2103 02:14:45,500 --> 02:14:46,625 Turns out he was... 2104 02:14:47,219 --> 02:14:49,500 He was spying for the Soviets the whole time. 2105 02:14:50,060 --> 02:14:51,050 I'm sorry. 2106 02:14:56,958 --> 02:14:59,482 After the truth about Fuchs came out, 2107 02:14:59,750 --> 02:15:01,791 the FBI stepped up surveillance on him. 2108 02:15:02,000 --> 02:15:03,500 He knew his phone was tapped. 2109 02:15:04,666 --> 02:15:05,750 He was followed everywhere. 2110 02:15:06,875 --> 02:15:08,000 His trash picked through. 2111 02:15:12,041 --> 02:15:14,125 But he never stopped speaking his mind. 2112 02:15:14,666 --> 02:15:15,833 A man of conviction. 2113 02:15:16,416 --> 02:15:19,125 And maybe he thought fame could actually protect him. 2114 02:15:21,500 --> 02:15:23,833 When Eisenhower took office, he saw one more chance. 2115 02:15:26,083 --> 02:15:27,000 He took it. 2116 02:15:27,042 --> 02:15:30,208 America and Russia may be likened... 2117 02:15:31,583 --> 02:15:33,583 to two scorpions in a bottle. 2118 02:15:33,819 --> 02:15:37,041 Each capable of killing the other, 2119 02:15:37,250 --> 02:15:40,008 but only at the risk of his own life. 2120 02:15:40,708 --> 02:15:42,750 Now, there are various aspects of this policy... 2121 02:15:42,791 --> 02:15:47,166 A lot of scientists blame me, but how was I supposed to protect him? 2122 02:15:47,208 --> 02:15:49,250 ...are too secret for discussion. 2123 02:15:49,458 --> 02:15:51,291 Candor is the only remedy. 2124 02:15:51,500 --> 02:15:55,125 Officials in Washington need to start leveling with the American people. 2125 02:15:56,750 --> 02:15:58,958 That was the last straw for Robert's enemies. 2126 02:15:59,000 --> 02:16:01,623 So he had to lose his security clearance. 2127 02:16:01,791 --> 02:16:04,000 And with it, his credibility. 2128 02:16:04,541 --> 02:16:06,166 But how could they do it? 2129 02:16:06,708 --> 02:16:07,958 He was a war hero. 2130 02:16:08,000 --> 02:16:10,041 He'd already told everyone about his past. 2131 02:16:10,083 --> 02:16:11,744 Borden dredged it all up. 2132 02:16:12,083 --> 02:16:15,375 How could Borden get access to Oppenheimer's FBI file? 2133 02:16:15,416 --> 02:16:16,416 Could it have been Nichols? 2134 02:16:16,750 --> 02:16:18,291 No, I can't imagine he'd do that. 2135 02:16:19,166 --> 02:16:22,875 Whoever did unleashed a firestorm that burned a path in the White House, 2136 02:16:23,250 --> 02:16:25,250 right to my desk at the AEC. 2137 02:16:26,208 --> 02:16:27,625 You seen 'em in there, right? 2138 02:16:28,416 --> 02:16:30,799 I've worked my whole life to get here. 2139 02:16:31,666 --> 02:16:33,791 The cabinet of the United States of America, 2140 02:16:33,833 --> 02:16:35,541 and now, in front of the entire country, 2141 02:16:35,916 --> 02:16:37,416 they want to put me back in my place. 2142 02:16:39,291 --> 02:16:40,708 A lowly shoe salesman. 2143 02:16:41,737 --> 02:16:43,583 Lewis, we can win this thing. 2144 02:16:43,875 --> 02:16:45,875 I think we can get the Senate to grasp 2145 02:16:45,916 --> 02:16:48,166 that you did your duty, painful though it was. 2146 02:16:48,375 --> 02:16:51,291 Now, will Hill's testimony back us up? -Hill will be fine. 2147 02:16:51,333 --> 02:16:54,666 I don't really know him, but he was one of Szilard's boys in Chicago. 2148 02:16:54,708 --> 02:16:56,407 And they'd never forgave Robert for not 2149 02:16:56,431 --> 02:16:58,666 supporting the petition against bombing Japan. 2150 02:16:59,958 --> 02:17:02,958 This was taken 31 days after the bombing. 2151 02:17:04,291 --> 02:17:08,458 Virtually everyone in the streets, for nearly a mile around, 2152 02:17:09,291 --> 02:17:10,875 was instantly and seriously... 2153 02:17:11,708 --> 02:17:12,696 burned. 2154 02:17:13,708 --> 02:17:17,067 The Japanese spoke of people who 2155 02:17:17,291 --> 02:17:21,041 wore striped clothing, upon whom the skin was burned in stripes. 2156 02:17:22,333 --> 02:17:24,255 There were many who thought themselves lucky, 2157 02:17:24,988 --> 02:17:27,208 who climbed out of the ruins of their homes, 2158 02:17:27,625 --> 02:17:28,750 only slightly injured. 2159 02:17:30,617 --> 02:17:31,625 But they died anyway. 2160 02:17:33,083 --> 02:17:35,416 They died days, or weeks later, 2161 02:17:36,340 --> 02:17:38,875 from iridium-like rays emitted in great numbers 2162 02:17:39,541 --> 02:17:41,125 at the moment of the explosion. 2163 02:17:43,000 --> 02:17:44,666 Did you read this crap in the papers? 2164 02:17:45,041 --> 02:17:46,625 A British physicist is saying 2165 02:17:46,875 --> 02:17:49,541 the atomic bombings were not the last act of World War II, 2166 02:17:49,852 --> 02:17:52,583 but the first act of this cold war with Russia. 2167 02:17:53,242 --> 02:17:54,231 Which physicist? 2168 02:17:54,583 --> 02:17:56,833 I think you knew him. Patrick Blackett. 2169 02:18:00,208 --> 02:18:03,083 He may not be wrong. Stimson is now telling me 2170 02:18:03,166 --> 02:18:06,083 we bombed an enemy that was essentially defeated. 2171 02:18:06,291 --> 02:18:08,416 Robert, you've all the influence now. 2172 02:18:09,755 --> 02:18:10,742 Please, 2173 02:18:11,458 --> 02:18:13,500 urge them to continue my research on the Super. 2174 02:18:13,833 --> 02:18:15,458 I neither can nor will, Edward. 2175 02:18:15,860 --> 02:18:16,858 Why not? 2176 02:18:17,208 --> 02:18:18,860 It's not the right use of our resources. 2177 02:18:19,375 --> 02:18:20,708 Is that what you really believe? 2178 02:18:21,691 --> 02:18:25,458 J. Robert Oppenheimer? Sphinx-like guru of the atom? 2179 02:18:27,125 --> 02:18:28,625 Nobody knows what you believe. 2180 02:18:29,833 --> 02:18:31,375 Do you? Hmm? 2181 02:18:32,250 --> 02:18:36,083 One final time, our program director, Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2182 02:18:37,958 --> 02:18:39,916 I hope that in years to come, 2183 02:18:40,250 --> 02:18:42,541 you will look back on your work here with pride. 2184 02:18:43,625 --> 02:18:47,558 But today, that pride must be tempered with a profound concern. 2185 02:18:49,598 --> 02:18:53,083 If atomic weapons are to be added to the arsenals of a warring world, 2186 02:18:54,833 --> 02:18:58,666 then the day will come when people will curse the name of Los Alamos. 2187 02:19:03,125 --> 02:19:04,141 Uh, sorry, Admiral. 2188 02:19:05,041 --> 02:19:06,208 Stopped off to get this. 2189 02:19:07,333 --> 02:19:08,583 Seems pretty favorable. 2190 02:19:09,875 --> 02:19:11,958 There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption? 2191 02:19:12,086 --> 02:19:15,023 Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer. Strauss fought him... 2192 02:19:16,959 --> 02:19:18,041 "and the US won." 2193 02:19:19,625 --> 02:19:20,625 That'll work. 2194 02:19:21,016 --> 02:19:22,708 Those were your words from the other day. 2195 02:19:22,958 --> 02:19:23,959 We needed to pivot. 2196 02:19:24,781 --> 02:19:27,422 But how would you know what Time Magazine was gonna write? 2197 02:19:27,625 --> 02:19:29,166 Henry Luce is a friend. 2198 02:19:37,083 --> 02:19:39,291 You sat here and let me tell you how it's done, 2199 02:19:40,083 --> 02:19:41,916 but you've been far ahead all along. 2200 02:19:42,475 --> 02:19:44,458 Survival in Washington. 2201 02:19:45,375 --> 02:19:47,000 It's about knowing how to get things done. 2202 02:19:48,083 --> 02:19:49,107 Right. 2203 02:19:51,250 --> 02:19:52,541 What was it you said about Borden? 2204 02:19:53,215 --> 02:19:54,958 Why get caught holding the knife yourself? 2205 02:19:57,471 --> 02:20:00,125 I'm beginning to think Borden was holding the knife for you. 2206 02:20:03,229 --> 02:20:05,083 It's gonna come down to how much influence 2207 02:20:05,125 --> 02:20:07,041 Borden's been able to exert on Teller. 2208 02:20:08,291 --> 02:20:09,541 Did I say something funny? 2209 02:20:09,705 --> 02:20:14,125 Just "Borden, Borden, Borden", when we all know that it's Strauss. 2210 02:20:14,583 --> 02:20:16,541 Lewis brought me to Princeton, Kitty. 2211 02:20:17,208 --> 02:20:19,699 And then you humiliated him in front of Congress. 2212 02:20:19,779 --> 02:20:21,333 But more useful than a sandwich! 2213 02:20:25,333 --> 02:20:26,335 How'd I do? 2214 02:20:27,750 --> 02:20:29,166 Maybe a little too well, Robert. 2215 02:20:29,833 --> 02:20:30,978 That was six years ago. 2216 02:20:31,125 --> 02:20:34,500 You know, they're truly vindictive, patient as saints. 2217 02:20:34,791 --> 02:20:37,208 Strauss has been perfectly clear that he is neutral. 2218 02:20:38,250 --> 02:20:41,041 Wake up! It is Strauss! 2219 02:20:41,250 --> 02:20:43,166 It's always been Strauss, and you know it! 2220 02:20:44,166 --> 02:20:45,500 Why won't you fight him? 2221 02:20:49,125 --> 02:20:52,731 It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover, or one of Truman's guys. 2222 02:20:52,789 --> 02:20:53,789 It was you. 2223 02:20:54,282 --> 02:20:55,500 You gave the file to Borden. 2224 02:20:55,708 --> 02:20:57,166 You set him on Oppenheimer. 2225 02:20:57,333 --> 02:20:58,500 You convinced him... -Borden... 2226 02:20:59,916 --> 02:21:01,875 didn't take any convincing. 2227 02:21:02,292 --> 02:21:03,791 Take your time, use the entire file. 2228 02:21:04,166 --> 02:21:06,250 Write up your conclusions, send them to the FBI. 2229 02:21:06,583 --> 02:21:08,750 The material's obviously extensive, 2230 02:21:08,791 --> 02:21:10,833 but there's nothing new here. 2231 02:21:11,083 --> 02:21:12,208 Your conclusions will be. 2232 02:21:13,223 --> 02:21:14,541 And they'll have to be answered. 2233 02:21:15,416 --> 02:21:16,916 Hoover passes them to McCarthy? 2234 02:21:17,375 --> 02:21:19,958 Oppenheimer's too slippery for that self-promoting clown. 2235 02:21:20,583 --> 02:21:21,708 I've talked it over with Hoover. 2236 02:21:21,750 --> 02:21:25,166 He'll hold McCarthy at bay while you do this with the AEC. 2237 02:21:25,750 --> 02:21:27,625 Trial? -No, no trial. 2238 02:21:27,666 --> 02:21:30,166 You can't give Oppenheimer a platform. 2239 02:21:30,625 --> 02:21:31,666 You can't martyr him. 2240 02:21:32,651 --> 02:21:35,833 We need a systematic destruction of Oppenheimer's credibility, 2241 02:21:35,875 --> 02:21:39,083 so he can never again speak on matters of national security. 2242 02:21:40,291 --> 02:21:41,293 Then what? 2243 02:21:42,791 --> 02:21:45,833 A shabby little room. Far from the limelight. 2244 02:21:51,875 --> 02:21:56,000 A simple bureaucratic procedure. His Q clearance. It's up for renewal. 2245 02:21:56,375 --> 02:21:58,958 You send your accusations to the FBI... 2246 02:22:01,458 --> 02:22:04,416 Hoover sends them to the AEC. You're forced to act. 2247 02:22:05,166 --> 02:22:06,458 You write up an indictment. 2248 02:22:07,000 --> 02:22:10,250 You tell Oppenheimer his security clearance is not being renewed. 2249 02:22:11,000 --> 02:22:12,666 But offer him the chance to appeal. 2250 02:22:12,833 --> 02:22:14,916 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2251 02:22:15,291 --> 02:22:16,791 May I keep this? -No. 2252 02:22:17,666 --> 02:22:21,166 If you do decide to appeal, they'll have to send you a copy. 2253 02:22:21,708 --> 02:22:26,250 When he appeals, and trust me, he will, I appoint a board. 2254 02:22:27,250 --> 02:22:29,000 They will, of course, have counsel. 2255 02:22:29,958 --> 02:22:31,541 Prosecutor? -In all but name. 2256 02:22:31,750 --> 02:22:33,708 Who? -Roger Robb. 2257 02:22:33,750 --> 02:22:34,748 Ouch. 2258 02:22:34,791 --> 02:22:38,041 Robb will have security clearance to examine Oppenheimer's file. 2259 02:22:38,166 --> 02:22:40,708 As will the Gray Board. Defense counsel will not. 2260 02:22:42,416 --> 02:22:43,416 A closed hearing. 2261 02:22:43,666 --> 02:22:47,750 The so-called interrogatory information in your indictment of me... 2262 02:22:47,791 --> 02:22:51,416 No audience, no reporters, no burden of proof. 2263 02:22:51,916 --> 02:22:52,917 No burden of proof? 2264 02:22:54,916 --> 02:22:55,916 We're not convicting. 2265 02:22:57,083 --> 02:22:58,625 We're just denying. 2266 02:23:04,541 --> 02:23:06,458 What is it you said? 2267 02:23:07,458 --> 02:23:10,625 This is just how the game is played. 2268 02:23:11,458 --> 02:23:12,875 Well, forgive my naivete. 2269 02:23:13,791 --> 02:23:17,291 Amateurs seek the sun, get eaten. 2270 02:23:18,833 --> 02:23:21,875 Power stays in the shadows. 2271 02:23:22,166 --> 02:23:25,083 But, sir, you're... you're out of the shadows now. 2272 02:23:25,125 --> 02:23:26,916 Yeah, that's why this has to work. 2273 02:23:27,083 --> 02:23:28,069 Well... 2274 02:23:30,011 --> 02:23:31,708 Teller's testifying this morning. 2275 02:23:31,958 --> 02:23:33,208 That'll help. And then... 2276 02:23:34,597 --> 02:23:35,897 Hill is in the afternoon. 2277 02:23:35,922 --> 02:23:37,166 Hill is gonna help us too. 2278 02:23:40,541 --> 02:23:42,875 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2279 02:23:43,791 --> 02:23:45,083 May I keep this? -No. 2280 02:23:47,916 --> 02:23:52,333 If you do decide to appeal, then they'll have to send you a copy. 2281 02:23:56,375 --> 02:23:58,291 Take my car and driver, I insist. 2282 02:24:03,250 --> 02:24:05,125 I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis. 2283 02:24:05,333 --> 02:24:08,000 Of course. But don't take too long. 2284 02:24:08,166 --> 02:24:09,666 I can't keep Nichols at bay. 2285 02:24:16,333 --> 02:24:18,143 I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert. 2286 02:24:18,708 --> 02:24:19,709 I think it's wrong. 2287 02:24:33,208 --> 02:24:36,166 Nichols wants me to fight, so he can get it all on the record. 2288 02:24:36,747 --> 02:24:38,125 Strauss wants me to walk away. 2289 02:24:38,567 --> 02:24:43,021 Strauss knows that you can't do that. You'd be accepting the charges. 2290 02:24:43,917 --> 02:24:45,125 You'll lose your job. 2291 02:24:45,458 --> 02:24:48,208 You will lose your reputation. We'll lose our house. 2292 02:24:48,500 --> 02:24:49,750 Robert, we have to fight. 2293 02:24:53,250 --> 02:24:55,291 As AEC counsel, I can't represent you. 2294 02:24:55,875 --> 02:24:57,000 I'll call Lloyd Garrison. 2295 02:24:57,625 --> 02:24:58,626 Oh, he's good. 2296 02:24:58,875 --> 02:25:01,875 The best, but I have to warn you. 2297 02:25:03,666 --> 02:25:04,875 This won't be a fair fight. 2298 02:25:05,750 --> 02:25:09,708 During your interview with Boris Pash in 1943, did you refer to microfilm? 2299 02:25:09,958 --> 02:25:13,166 No. -Tab 11, page one, paragraph three. 2300 02:25:13,208 --> 02:25:16,625 You never said, "man of the consulate, expert in the use of microfilm"? 2301 02:25:16,666 --> 02:25:17,666 I'm sorry, I'm sorry... -No. 2302 02:25:17,708 --> 02:25:20,083 I would like to know what document Mr. Robb is quoting from, 2303 02:25:20,125 --> 02:25:21,566 and if we might be furnished with a copy. 2304 02:25:21,958 --> 02:25:23,791 The document is classified, Mr. Garrison. 2305 02:25:23,958 --> 02:25:26,208 I think we should get back to firsthand information. 2306 02:25:26,250 --> 02:25:27,250 This is firsthand. 2307 02:25:27,708 --> 02:25:28,722 How so, Roger? 2308 02:25:30,875 --> 02:25:32,208 There was a recording of the interview. 2309 02:25:37,291 --> 02:25:40,125 You let my client sit here and potentially perjure himself, 2310 02:25:40,166 --> 02:25:42,333 and all this time, you had a recording? 2311 02:25:42,583 --> 02:25:45,416 Nobody told your client to misrepresent his former answers. 2312 02:25:45,458 --> 02:25:47,166 Misrepresent? It was 12 years ago! 2313 02:25:47,750 --> 02:25:48,725 Can we hear this recording? 2314 02:25:49,000 --> 02:25:50,252 You don't have the clearance, Mr. Garrison. 2315 02:25:50,299 --> 02:25:52,125 But you're reading it into the record! 2316 02:25:52,541 --> 02:25:56,833 Please, please. Is this proceeding interested in entrapment or in truth? 2317 02:25:57,333 --> 02:26:01,291 If it's truth, where's the disclosure? Where's the witness list? 2318 02:26:01,333 --> 02:26:04,166 Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial, as you are well aware. 2319 02:26:04,208 --> 02:26:08,041 Evidentiary rules do not apply. We are dealing with national security. 2320 02:26:08,166 --> 02:26:09,375 Yes, sir, with all due respect, 2321 02:26:09,416 --> 02:26:13,625 I fail to see how national security prevents the prosecution from 2322 02:26:13,666 --> 02:26:15,833 providing us with a list of witnesses! -Perhaps we are in need 2323 02:26:15,875 --> 02:26:18,166 of a brief recess. -Gentlemen. You have my words. 2324 02:26:18,208 --> 02:26:21,041 If you say they're from a transcript, then I'll accept it. 2325 02:26:21,083 --> 02:26:23,791 I've already explained I made up a cock-and-bull story. 2326 02:26:23,958 --> 02:26:27,000 And why would anyone make up such an elaborate story? 2327 02:26:27,041 --> 02:26:28,250 Because I was an idiot. 2328 02:26:29,500 --> 02:26:30,501 Why lie? 2329 02:26:30,666 --> 02:26:34,822 Well, clearly with the intention of not revealing who the intermediary was. 2330 02:26:34,958 --> 02:26:37,291 Your friend, Haakon Chevalier, the communist. 2331 02:26:37,916 --> 02:26:38,920 Is he still your friend? 2332 02:26:39,833 --> 02:26:40,843 Yes. 2333 02:26:44,250 --> 02:26:45,958 Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming. 2334 02:26:46,369 --> 02:26:48,166 You know who else the prosecution has called? 2335 02:26:48,416 --> 02:26:52,416 Teller, obviously. They've asked Lawrence. 2336 02:26:52,833 --> 02:26:55,083 What did he say? -He wasn't going to help them, 2337 02:26:55,750 --> 02:26:56,833 but... -But? 2338 02:26:57,697 --> 02:27:01,958 Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman had been having an affair for years. 2339 02:27:02,291 --> 02:27:04,125 The whole time you lived with them in Pasadena. 2340 02:27:05,000 --> 02:27:08,125 He convinced Lawrence that Richard died of a broken heart. 2341 02:27:08,166 --> 02:27:10,036 That's absurd. -What part? 2342 02:27:10,125 --> 02:27:13,166 A broken heart. Richard never found out. 2343 02:27:14,375 --> 02:27:15,583 Is Lawrence gonna testify? 2344 02:27:16,166 --> 02:27:17,169 I don't know. 2345 02:27:18,041 --> 02:27:22,125 Dr. Rabi, what governmental positions do you currently hold? 2346 02:27:22,666 --> 02:27:25,583 I am the chairman of the general advisory committee 2347 02:27:25,625 --> 02:27:27,916 to the AEC, succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer. 2348 02:27:28,500 --> 02:27:30,416 And how long have you known Dr. Oppenheimer? 2349 02:27:31,416 --> 02:27:35,250 Since 1928. I... I know him quite well. 2350 02:27:35,578 --> 02:27:39,125 Well enough to speak to the bearing of his loyalty and character? 2351 02:27:39,812 --> 02:27:43,041 Dr. Oppenheimer is a man of upstanding character. 2352 02:27:43,916 --> 02:27:47,333 And he is loyal to the United States, to his friends, 2353 02:27:47,791 --> 02:27:49,666 to the institutions of which he is part. 2354 02:27:51,791 --> 02:27:52,791 Eat. 2355 02:28:12,208 --> 02:28:13,208 Who was that? 2356 02:28:13,416 --> 02:28:14,416 Nothing to worry about. 2357 02:28:18,083 --> 02:28:19,583 After the Russian A-bomb test, 2358 02:28:19,625 --> 02:28:22,041 did Dr. Lawrence come to see you about the hydrogen bomb? 2359 02:28:22,300 --> 02:28:23,833 You'd be better off asking him. 2360 02:28:24,125 --> 02:28:25,166 Well, I fully intend to. 2361 02:28:26,338 --> 02:28:29,958 Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb? 2362 02:28:30,333 --> 02:28:33,333 No, he, he thought that a fusion program 2363 02:28:33,375 --> 02:28:36,166 would come at the expense of our awfully good fission program. 2364 02:28:36,250 --> 02:28:37,833 But that proved not to be the case. 2365 02:28:38,375 --> 02:28:39,833 In the event, both could be done. 2366 02:28:40,333 --> 02:28:42,958 Suppose that this board did not feel satisfied 2367 02:28:43,000 --> 02:28:46,451 that in his testimony here Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful, 2368 02:28:47,166 --> 02:28:49,041 what would you say whether or not he should be cleared? 2369 02:28:49,333 --> 02:28:51,583 Why go through all this against a man 2370 02:28:51,625 --> 02:28:53,708 who has accomplished what Dr. Oppenheimer has? 2371 02:28:53,750 --> 02:28:54,833 Look at his record. 2372 02:28:55,500 --> 02:28:57,750 We have an A-bomb, and a whole series of it. 2373 02:28:57,875 --> 02:29:00,416 We have a whole series of Super bombs. What more do you want? 2374 02:29:01,420 --> 02:29:02,420 Mermaids? 2375 02:29:03,041 --> 02:29:05,875 But I've known Secretary Strauss for many years. 2376 02:29:06,232 --> 02:29:09,375 And I feel it a necessity to express the warm support 2377 02:29:09,924 --> 02:29:12,291 for science and scientists Lewis has shown. 2378 02:29:12,541 --> 02:29:13,542 We'll break now. 2379 02:29:13,958 --> 02:29:17,916 Unless there's any immediate business. -Senator, I'd like to once again request 2380 02:29:18,416 --> 02:29:21,000 that we're furnished with a list of witnesses. 2381 02:29:21,166 --> 02:29:22,708 And I will remind the nominee 2382 02:29:22,750 --> 02:29:25,439 that we don't always have that information in advance. 2383 02:29:25,708 --> 02:29:28,083 We do know that Dr. Hill will be here after lunch. 2384 02:29:28,596 --> 02:29:31,458 Mr. Chairman, our next scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence, 2385 02:29:31,541 --> 02:29:34,250 has apparently come down with colitis. 2386 02:29:37,625 --> 02:29:39,862 So we'll proceed with William Borden instead. 2387 02:29:40,916 --> 02:29:43,250 Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat. 2388 02:29:45,083 --> 02:29:46,085 Mr. Borden, 2389 02:29:47,421 --> 02:29:50,041 during your investigation into Dr. Oppenheimer, 2390 02:29:50,083 --> 02:29:51,750 did you reach certain conclusions? 2391 02:29:52,333 --> 02:29:54,083 I did. -And did there come a time 2392 02:29:54,125 --> 02:29:57,291 when you expressed those conclusions in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, 2393 02:29:57,458 --> 02:30:00,250 of the Federal Bureau of Investigation? -That is correct. 2394 02:30:00,291 --> 02:30:02,916 Prior to the writing of the letter, did you discuss the writing of the letter 2395 02:30:02,958 --> 02:30:05,166 with anybody attached to the Atomic Energy Commission? 2396 02:30:05,708 --> 02:30:06,833 I did not. -Excellent. 2397 02:30:06,875 --> 02:30:08,791 Do you have a copy of the letter? -I have one in front of me. 2398 02:30:08,866 --> 02:30:11,000 Would you please be so kind as to read it, sir? 2399 02:30:12,291 --> 02:30:14,708 "Dear Mr. Hoover, the purpose of this letter 2400 02:30:14,750 --> 02:30:17,083 "is to state..." -I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have... 2401 02:30:17,708 --> 02:30:20,458 What is the purpose of the delay? He's simply going to read the letter. 2402 02:30:21,708 --> 02:30:24,000 Mr. Chairman, this is the first I've seen of this letter. 2403 02:30:24,458 --> 02:30:27,373 And I see statements here, at least one, 2404 02:30:27,397 --> 02:30:29,833 of a kind that I don't think anyone would like to see go into the record. 2405 02:30:29,875 --> 02:30:32,291 These are accusations that have not previously been made, 2406 02:30:32,583 --> 02:30:34,416 that are not part of the indictment from Nichols. 2407 02:30:34,458 --> 02:30:37,000 Accusations of a kind that I don't think belong here. 2408 02:30:37,041 --> 02:30:39,166 The witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, 2409 02:30:39,208 --> 02:30:41,458 laying out evidence that has already been before the board. 2410 02:30:41,666 --> 02:30:43,291 His conclusions are valid testimony, 2411 02:30:43,333 --> 02:30:46,583 just like the positive conclusions of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer. 2412 02:30:46,625 --> 02:30:47,750 It cuts both ways. 2413 02:30:48,250 --> 02:30:50,500 How long has counsel been in possession of this letter? 2414 02:30:50,656 --> 02:30:54,083 I don't think I should be subject to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison. 2415 02:30:54,125 --> 02:30:57,250 Mr. Garrison, given that we on the board have all read the letter, 2416 02:30:57,291 --> 02:30:58,958 wouldn't it be better to have it in the record? 2417 02:31:00,416 --> 02:31:01,417 Let's proceed. 2418 02:31:03,541 --> 02:31:04,583 "Dear Mr. Hoover, 2419 02:31:05,541 --> 02:31:07,958 "the purpose of this letter is to state my opinion, 2420 02:31:08,348 --> 02:31:11,801 "based upon years of study of the available classified evidence, 2421 02:31:12,625 --> 02:31:14,291 "that, more probably than not, 2422 02:31:14,708 --> 02:31:18,666 "J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union. 2423 02:31:19,527 --> 02:31:21,666 "The following conclusions are justified. 2424 02:31:22,083 --> 02:31:26,458 "One, between 1929 and 1942, more probably than not, 2425 02:31:26,606 --> 02:31:30,125 "J. Robert Oppenheimer was a sufficiently hardened communist 2426 02:31:30,333 --> 02:31:32,583 "that he volunteered information to the Soviets. 2427 02:31:33,000 --> 02:31:35,208 "Two, more probably than not, 2428 02:31:35,250 --> 02:31:38,666 "he has since been functioning as an espionage agent. 2429 02:31:39,625 --> 02:31:40,609 "Three. 2430 02:31:40,916 --> 02:31:44,875 "More probably than not, he has since acted under a Soviet directive 2431 02:31:44,916 --> 02:31:47,708 "in influencing United States military policy." 2432 02:31:47,759 --> 02:31:50,041 I'm sorry, Robert. -"Atomic energy, intelligence and..." 2433 02:31:50,166 --> 02:31:54,541 Is anyone ever going to tell the truth about what's happening here? 2434 02:31:55,000 --> 02:31:57,791 We will now hear from Dr. David Hill. 2435 02:32:08,166 --> 02:32:11,000 Dr. Hill, would you care to make a statement? 2436 02:32:13,250 --> 02:32:14,264 Thank you. 2437 02:32:14,521 --> 02:32:18,208 I've been asked to testify about Lewis Strauss, 2438 02:32:18,500 --> 02:32:23,375 a man who has given years of service in high positions of government, 2439 02:32:23,541 --> 02:32:28,041 and who is known to be earnest, hard-working, and intelligent. 2440 02:32:29,750 --> 02:32:31,541 The views I have to express are my own, 2441 02:32:32,208 --> 02:32:35,458 but I believe that much I have to say will help to indicate why 2442 02:32:36,625 --> 02:32:40,500 most of the scientists in this country would prefer to see Mr. Strauss 2443 02:32:41,524 --> 02:32:43,375 completely out of government. 2444 02:32:45,360 --> 02:32:49,458 You're referring to the hostility of certain scientists, 2445 02:32:49,583 --> 02:32:53,333 directed toward Mr. Strauss, because of his commitment to security, 2446 02:32:53,375 --> 02:32:55,916 as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair? 2447 02:32:58,916 --> 02:32:59,932 No. 2448 02:33:00,166 --> 02:33:04,958 Because of the personal vindictiveness he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2449 02:33:07,000 --> 02:33:09,791 Order! Order! 2450 02:33:10,208 --> 02:33:13,416 It appears to most scientists around this country 2451 02:33:14,892 --> 02:33:17,833 that Robert Oppenheimer is now being pilloried, 2452 02:33:17,875 --> 02:33:21,916 and put through an ordeal, because he expressed his honest opinions. 2453 02:33:22,666 --> 02:33:25,833 Dr. Bush, I thought I was performing a service to my country 2454 02:33:25,875 --> 02:33:29,208 when hearing this case. -No board, in this country, 2455 02:33:29,750 --> 02:33:33,541 should sit in judgment of a man because he expressed his strong opinions. 2456 02:33:33,875 --> 02:33:36,166 If you want to try that case, you should try me. 2457 02:33:37,166 --> 02:33:39,791 Excuse me, gentlemen, if I've... become stirred. 2458 02:33:41,041 --> 02:33:42,039 But I am. 2459 02:33:42,427 --> 02:33:46,500 Dr. Hill, we've already heard that Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges, 2460 02:33:46,541 --> 02:33:49,541 or participate in the hearings against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2461 02:33:49,583 --> 02:33:51,291 The Oppenheimer matter was... 2462 02:33:52,166 --> 02:33:56,833 initiated, and carried through, largely through the animus of Lewis Strauss. 2463 02:33:58,375 --> 02:34:01,246 Oppenheimer made mincemeat out of Strauss's position 2464 02:34:01,293 --> 02:34:03,390 on the shipments of isotopes to Norway, 2465 02:34:03,453 --> 02:34:06,625 and Strauss never forgave him this public humiliation. 2466 02:34:07,541 --> 02:34:10,958 Another controversy between them centered around their differences in judgment 2467 02:34:11,000 --> 02:34:13,944 on how the H-bomb would contribute to national security. 2468 02:34:14,233 --> 02:34:17,500 Strauss turned to the personnel security system in order to 2469 02:34:17,750 --> 02:34:20,125 destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness, 2470 02:34:20,250 --> 02:34:23,041 and Strauss was able to find a few ambitious men 2471 02:34:23,500 --> 02:34:27,125 who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's positions and envied him 2472 02:34:27,250 --> 02:34:29,250 his prestige in government circles. 2473 02:34:29,625 --> 02:34:33,500 I've always assumed, and still assume, that he is loyal to the United States. 2474 02:34:34,291 --> 02:34:36,013 I believe this, and I shall believe it, 2475 02:34:36,037 --> 02:34:38,249 until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 2476 02:34:38,875 --> 02:34:42,583 Do you or do you not believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 2477 02:34:46,500 --> 02:34:49,877 In a great number of cases, I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way 2478 02:34:49,937 --> 02:34:52,958 which was, to me, exceedingly hard to understand. 2479 02:34:53,319 --> 02:34:55,639 I thoroughly disagreed with him in numerous issues, 2480 02:34:55,875 --> 02:34:59,166 and his actions frankly appeared to me confused and complicated. 2481 02:34:59,250 --> 02:35:03,897 To this extent, I feel I want to see the vital interests of this country 2482 02:35:04,208 --> 02:35:07,875 in hands which I understand better, and therefore trust more. 2483 02:35:09,083 --> 02:35:10,358 Thank you, Doctor. -Thank you. 2484 02:35:14,611 --> 02:35:15,626 I'm sorry. 2485 02:35:18,416 --> 02:35:20,333 You shook his fucking hand!? 2486 02:35:21,625 --> 02:35:23,500 Oh, I would have spit in his face. 2487 02:35:23,541 --> 02:35:25,635 I'm not sure the Board would have appreciated that. 2488 02:35:25,750 --> 02:35:27,291 Is it not gentlemanly enough for you? 2489 02:35:27,333 --> 02:35:30,166 Well, I think you're all being too goddamn gentlemanly. 2490 02:35:30,236 --> 02:35:34,041 Gray must see what Robb is doing. Why doesn't he just shut him down? 2491 02:35:34,314 --> 02:35:36,375 And you, shaking Teller's hand. 2492 02:35:36,635 --> 02:35:39,666 You need to stop playing the martyr. 2493 02:35:40,875 --> 02:35:45,228 Under the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 2494 02:35:51,625 --> 02:35:56,208 Under my interpretation of the Atomic Energy Act, 2495 02:35:56,250 --> 02:36:00,625 which did not exist when I hired Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942, 2496 02:36:02,166 --> 02:36:07,250 I would not clear him today if I were on the commission. 2497 02:36:07,875 --> 02:36:09,235 Good. Thank you, General. That is all. 2498 02:36:09,305 --> 02:36:11,125 But I don't think I'd clear any of those guys. 2499 02:36:11,922 --> 02:36:12,918 That's all. 2500 02:36:16,000 --> 02:36:18,766 Dr. Oppenheimer had no responsibility in the selection 2501 02:36:18,813 --> 02:36:20,703 or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he? 2502 02:36:20,875 --> 02:36:21,958 No. None at all. 2503 02:36:22,250 --> 02:36:25,583 And you wouldn't want to leave this board with any suggestion today that 2504 02:36:25,757 --> 02:36:28,545 you're here questioning his basic loyalty to the United States 2505 02:36:28,569 --> 02:36:30,047 in the operation of Los Alamos? 2506 02:36:30,500 --> 02:36:34,459 By no means. I hope I didn't lead anyone to believe otherwise for an instant. 2507 02:36:35,833 --> 02:36:36,843 Thank you, General. 2508 02:36:54,500 --> 02:36:57,416 Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting. -She'll be here. 2509 02:36:58,250 --> 02:36:59,916 Do you even want her here? 2510 02:37:00,125 --> 02:37:02,583 Only a fool or an adolescent presumes 2511 02:37:02,625 --> 02:37:06,125 to know someone else's relationship, and you're neither, Lloyd. 2512 02:37:08,916 --> 02:37:11,416 Kitty and I are grown-ups. 2513 02:37:12,708 --> 02:37:14,291 We've walked through fire together. 2514 02:37:15,291 --> 02:37:16,291 She'll do fine. 2515 02:37:17,666 --> 02:37:21,284 Would you describe your views on communism as pro, anti, neutral? 2516 02:37:21,583 --> 02:37:22,708 Very strongly against. 2517 02:37:22,750 --> 02:37:25,375 I've had nothing to do with communism in, since... 2518 02:37:25,750 --> 02:37:27,458 since 1936. Since... 2519 02:37:28,708 --> 02:37:30,125 Since before I met Robert. 2520 02:37:32,237 --> 02:37:33,253 That's all. 2521 02:37:34,500 --> 02:37:37,208 The record demonstrates that Oppenheimer was not interrogated 2522 02:37:37,250 --> 02:37:40,263 by impartial and disinterested counsel for the Gray Board. 2523 02:37:40,583 --> 02:37:42,855 He was interrogated by a prosecutor who used 2524 02:37:42,880 --> 02:37:45,416 all the tricks of a rather ingenious legal background. 2525 02:37:45,512 --> 02:37:49,750 You are charging now that the Gray Board permitted a prosecution. 2526 02:37:50,458 --> 02:37:51,625 If I were on the Gray Board, 2527 02:37:52,541 --> 02:37:54,625 I would have protested against the tactics 2528 02:37:54,666 --> 02:37:57,458 of the man who served in fact as the prosecuting counsel. 2529 02:37:57,541 --> 02:37:59,208 A man appointed not by the Board, 2530 02:38:00,599 --> 02:38:02,158 but by Lewis Strauss. 2531 02:38:04,750 --> 02:38:05,751 Who was this? 2532 02:38:07,333 --> 02:38:08,345 I'm sorry? 2533 02:38:09,083 --> 02:38:10,083 Who was this? 2534 02:38:10,625 --> 02:38:11,625 Roger Robb. 2535 02:38:12,291 --> 02:38:13,416 Mrs. Oppenheimer. 2536 02:38:18,237 --> 02:38:20,208 Did you have a Communist Party membership card? 2537 02:38:22,125 --> 02:38:24,299 I'm... I'm not sure. 2538 02:38:24,370 --> 02:38:25,542 Not sure? 2539 02:38:28,333 --> 02:38:29,323 Well... 2540 02:38:33,000 --> 02:38:34,008 Well? 2541 02:38:42,750 --> 02:38:45,333 I mean, presumably, the act of joining the party 2542 02:38:45,750 --> 02:38:48,708 required sending some money and receiving a card, no? 2543 02:38:59,041 --> 02:39:00,043 Sorry. 2544 02:39:01,166 --> 02:39:02,180 Yes. 2545 02:39:04,666 --> 02:39:08,125 It's just, it was all so very long ago, Mr. Robb, wasn't it? 2546 02:39:08,150 --> 02:39:09,697 Not really. -Long enough to have forgotten. 2547 02:39:09,736 --> 02:39:12,833 Did you return the card, or rip it up? -The card whose existence I've forgotten? 2548 02:39:12,875 --> 02:39:15,708 Your Communist Party membership card? -Haven't the slightest idea. 2549 02:39:19,041 --> 02:39:22,875 Can a distinction be made between Soviet communism and communism? 2550 02:39:23,541 --> 02:39:24,791 Well, in the days when I was a member, 2551 02:39:24,833 --> 02:39:26,750 I thought they were definitely two things. -Oh? 2552 02:39:26,833 --> 02:39:29,583 I thought that the Communist Party of the United States 2553 02:39:29,625 --> 02:39:33,208 was concerned with our domestic problems. I now no longer believe this. 2554 02:39:33,333 --> 02:39:35,791 I believe the whole thing's linked together and spread all over the world, 2555 02:39:35,833 --> 02:39:39,708 and I have believed this since I left the party 16 years ago. 2556 02:39:39,833 --> 02:39:42,208 But... -17 years ago. My mistake. 2557 02:39:42,708 --> 02:39:44,629 But you... -Sorry, 18. 2558 02:39:45,378 --> 02:39:46,730 18 years ago. 2559 02:39:48,250 --> 02:39:50,875 Are you familiar with the fact your husband was making contributions 2560 02:39:50,916 --> 02:39:53,541 to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942? 2561 02:39:53,583 --> 02:39:55,750 I knew that Robert gave money from time to time. 2562 02:39:55,791 --> 02:39:58,416 Did you know this money was going into Communist Party channels? 2563 02:39:58,500 --> 02:40:00,375 Don't you mean through? -Pardon? 2564 02:40:00,416 --> 02:40:03,250 I think you mean through Communist Party channels, don't you? 2565 02:40:03,666 --> 02:40:04,650 Yes. -Yes? 2566 02:40:04,826 --> 02:40:06,666 Yes. -Yes. 2567 02:40:06,750 --> 02:40:09,976 Then would it be fair to say that this meant that by 1942, 2568 02:40:10,007 --> 02:40:12,791 your husband had not stopped having anything to do with the Communist Party? 2569 02:40:14,208 --> 02:40:16,875 You don't have to answer that yes or no, you can answer that any way you wish. 2570 02:40:17,000 --> 02:40:19,791 I know that, thank you. It's your question. 2571 02:40:20,735 --> 02:40:22,041 It's not properly phrased. 2572 02:40:22,083 --> 02:40:23,849 Do you understand what I'm getting at? -I do. 2573 02:40:23,874 --> 02:40:26,372 Then why don't you answer it that way? -Because I don't like your phrase, 2574 02:40:26,875 --> 02:40:28,666 "having anything to do with the Communist Party," 2575 02:40:28,708 --> 02:40:31,708 because Robert never had anything to do with the Communist Party as such. 2576 02:40:32,041 --> 02:40:34,333 I know he gave money to Spanish refugees. 2577 02:40:34,500 --> 02:40:37,625 I know he took an intellectual interest in communist ideas. 2578 02:40:37,666 --> 02:40:39,167 Are there two types of communists? 2579 02:40:39,541 --> 02:40:41,958 Intellectual communists, and your plain old regular commie? 2580 02:40:43,500 --> 02:40:45,071 Well, I couldn't answer that one. 2581 02:40:46,333 --> 02:40:47,320 I couldn't either. 2582 02:40:54,625 --> 02:40:55,609 Good evening. 2583 02:40:55,958 --> 02:40:57,291 Robert, you can't win this thing. 2584 02:40:57,500 --> 02:40:59,750 It's a kangaroo court with a predetermined outcome. 2585 02:40:59,791 --> 02:41:01,125 Why put yourself through more of it? 2586 02:41:02,166 --> 02:41:03,500 I have my reasons. 2587 02:41:05,208 --> 02:41:06,209 Alright. 2588 02:41:06,750 --> 02:41:07,770 Good night. 2589 02:41:12,458 --> 02:41:13,541 He has a point. 2590 02:41:15,083 --> 02:41:17,375 I'm not sure you understand, Albert. -No? 2591 02:41:18,571 --> 02:41:20,833 I left my country, never to return. 2592 02:41:22,098 --> 02:41:23,708 You served your country well. 2593 02:41:24,541 --> 02:41:26,916 If this is the reward she offers you, then... 2594 02:41:28,105 --> 02:41:30,125 perhaps you should turn your back on her. 2595 02:41:31,458 --> 02:41:33,208 Damn it, I happen to love this country. 2596 02:41:34,291 --> 02:41:36,000 Then tell them to go to hell. 2597 02:41:36,875 --> 02:41:40,416 Interestingly enough, this is no longer a confirmation hearing. 2598 02:41:40,720 --> 02:41:42,083 It's now a trial... 2599 02:41:42,716 --> 02:41:43,916 about a trial! 2600 02:41:44,125 --> 02:41:45,124 For god's sakes! 2601 02:41:45,541 --> 02:41:48,250 It's not good he's telling everyone you initiated the hearings. 2602 02:41:48,291 --> 02:41:50,375 He can't prove a goddamn thing. 2603 02:41:50,416 --> 02:41:53,875 He certainly can't prove that I gave the file to Borden. 2604 02:41:53,958 --> 02:41:56,500 We're not in court, sir. There's no burden of proof. 2605 02:41:57,125 --> 02:41:58,583 Right, they're not convicting. 2606 02:41:59,916 --> 02:42:01,166 They're just denying. 2607 02:42:01,791 --> 02:42:04,583 Why would Hill come here to tear me down? What's his angle? 2608 02:42:04,749 --> 02:42:06,708 Do people need a reason to do the right thing? 2609 02:42:07,250 --> 02:42:09,333 As he sees it. -I told you. 2610 02:42:09,458 --> 02:42:11,870 Oppenheimer's been poisoning the scientists against me 2611 02:42:11,894 --> 02:42:13,500 right from that first meeting. 2612 02:42:13,666 --> 02:42:16,413 I don't know what Oppenheimer said to him that day, 2613 02:42:16,468 --> 02:42:19,186 but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye. 2614 02:42:21,083 --> 02:42:23,000 Oppenheimer knows how to manipulate his own. 2615 02:42:23,625 --> 02:42:24,666 At Los Alamos, 2616 02:42:25,208 --> 02:42:27,500 he preyed on the naivete of scientists 2617 02:42:27,541 --> 02:42:29,666 who thought they get a say in how we use their work. 2618 02:42:29,958 --> 02:42:32,125 They'll never think he was that naive himself. 2619 02:42:32,833 --> 02:42:35,958 Doctor, during your work on the hydrogen bomb, 2620 02:42:36,232 --> 02:42:38,833 were you... deterred by any moral qualms? 2621 02:42:39,816 --> 02:42:40,833 Yes, of course. 2622 02:42:41,291 --> 02:42:43,040 But you still got on with your work, didn't you? 2623 02:42:43,107 --> 02:42:45,166 Yes, because this was work of exploration, 2624 02:42:45,208 --> 02:42:47,250 it was not the preparation of a weapon. 2625 02:42:47,541 --> 02:42:49,463 You mean it was more of an academic excursion? 2626 02:42:49,510 --> 02:42:52,833 No, it is not an academic thing, whether you can build a hydrogen bomb. 2627 02:42:52,875 --> 02:42:54,083 It's a matter of life and death. 2628 02:42:54,125 --> 02:42:56,375 By 1942, you were actively pushing the development 2629 02:42:56,416 --> 02:42:57,416 of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you? 2630 02:42:57,458 --> 02:42:58,750 Pushing is not the right word. 2631 02:42:58,833 --> 02:43:00,708 Supporting it and working on it, yes. 2632 02:43:00,750 --> 02:43:03,083 So when did these moral qualms become so strong 2633 02:43:03,145 --> 02:43:06,291 that you actively opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb? 2634 02:43:06,458 --> 02:43:09,125 When it was suggested that it be the policy of the United States 2635 02:43:09,166 --> 02:43:10,791 to make these things at all costs, 2636 02:43:10,833 --> 02:43:13,125 without regard to the balance between these weapons 2637 02:43:13,291 --> 02:43:15,416 and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal. 2638 02:43:17,166 --> 02:43:19,223 What do moral qualms have to do with that? 2639 02:43:20,625 --> 02:43:22,583 What do moral qualms have to do with it? -Yes. 2640 02:43:22,666 --> 02:43:25,000 Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb. 2641 02:43:25,041 --> 02:43:26,875 He wanted to be The Man Who Moved the Earth. 2642 02:43:26,916 --> 02:43:31,150 He talks about putting the nuclear genie back in the bottle. 2643 02:43:31,458 --> 02:43:33,408 Well, I'm here to tell you that I know, 2644 02:43:33,916 --> 02:43:38,250 J. Robert Oppenheimer, if he could do it all over, he'd do it all the same. 2645 02:43:38,455 --> 02:43:41,833 You know he's never once said that he regrets Hiroshima? 2646 02:43:42,125 --> 02:43:44,166 He'd do it all over. Why? 2647 02:43:44,836 --> 02:43:49,000 Because it made him the most important man who ever lived. 2648 02:43:49,812 --> 02:43:52,664 We freely used the atomic bomb. 2649 02:43:52,708 --> 02:43:54,916 In fact, Doctor, you assisted in selecting the target 2650 02:43:54,958 --> 02:43:56,791 to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, didn't you? 2651 02:43:57,500 --> 02:43:59,027 Yes... -Well then, you knew, did you not, 2652 02:43:59,051 --> 02:44:01,500 that by dropping that atomic bomb on the target you selected, 2653 02:44:01,541 --> 02:44:04,166 that thousands of civilians would be killed or injured. Is that correct? 2654 02:44:04,750 --> 02:44:06,735 Yes, not as many as turned out. 2655 02:44:06,766 --> 02:44:09,000 Oh. Then how many were killed or injured? 2656 02:44:09,625 --> 02:44:12,078 70,000. -70,000, both Hiroshima and... 2657 02:44:12,123 --> 02:44:14,958 110,000 to both. -On the day of each bombing? 2658 02:44:16,625 --> 02:44:17,687 Yes. -Yes. 2659 02:44:17,790 --> 02:44:19,123 And in the weeks and years that followed? 2660 02:44:19,226 --> 02:44:22,375 It has been put at somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000. 2661 02:44:22,412 --> 02:44:24,041 220,000 dead, at least. 2662 02:44:24,123 --> 02:44:26,083 Yes. -Any moral scruples about that? 2663 02:44:28,125 --> 02:44:29,132 Terrible ones. 2664 02:44:29,166 --> 02:44:32,833 But yet you testified in here that the bombing of Hiroshima was very successful. 2665 02:44:33,290 --> 02:44:36,205 Technically successful. -Oh! Technically it was very successful. 2666 02:44:36,265 --> 02:44:38,625 And it is also alleged to have helped to end the war. 2667 02:44:38,666 --> 02:44:41,583 Would you have been supportive of the dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima? 2668 02:44:42,000 --> 02:44:43,375 That would make no sense at all. 2669 02:44:43,541 --> 02:44:46,201 Why? -The target is too small. 2670 02:44:46,256 --> 02:44:48,245 Well, supposing there had been a target in Japan 2671 02:44:48,269 --> 02:44:50,030 big enough for a thermonuclear weapon, 2672 02:44:50,069 --> 02:44:51,541 would you have been opposed to the dropping of it? 2673 02:44:51,583 --> 02:44:53,539 This was not a problem with which I was confronted. 2674 02:44:53,541 --> 02:44:55,166 Well, I'm confronting you with it now, sir. 2675 02:44:55,291 --> 02:44:56,583 It was all part of his plan. 2676 02:44:56,791 --> 02:45:00,666 He wanted the glorious, insincere guilt of the self-important 2677 02:45:00,708 --> 02:45:03,083 to wear like a fucking crown and say, 2678 02:45:03,125 --> 02:45:08,125 "No, we cannot go down this road," even as he knew we'd have to. 2679 02:45:08,458 --> 02:45:11,259 Would you have been opposed to the dropping of a thermonuclear weapon 2680 02:45:11,283 --> 02:45:13,988 on Japan because of moral scruples? -Yes, I believe I would, sir. 2681 02:45:14,081 --> 02:45:16,375 Did you oppose the dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima 2682 02:45:16,416 --> 02:45:17,497 because of moral scruples? 2683 02:45:17,598 --> 02:45:19,958 We set forth our... -No, you, you, you, you! 2684 02:45:20,000 --> 02:45:21,041 I'm asking you... -I set... 2685 02:45:21,083 --> 02:45:23,458 You, you, you! -I set forth our arguments 2686 02:45:23,500 --> 02:45:25,504 against dropping it, but I did not endorse them. 2687 02:45:25,750 --> 02:45:28,750 You mean after working night and day for three years building the bomb, 2688 02:45:28,916 --> 02:45:30,801 you then argued against the use of it? 2689 02:45:31,166 --> 02:45:34,875 I was asked by the Secretary of War what the views of scientists were. 2690 02:45:34,916 --> 02:45:37,375 I gave them the views against and the views for. 2691 02:45:37,416 --> 02:45:39,333 You supported the dropping of the atom bomb 2692 02:45:39,375 --> 02:45:40,583 on Japan, didn't you? -What do you mean... 2693 02:45:40,625 --> 02:45:42,214 You supported it... -What do you mean, support? 2694 02:45:42,291 --> 02:45:43,841 Well, you helped pick the target, didn't you? 2695 02:45:43,872 --> 02:45:47,291 I did my job. I was not in a policy-making position at Los Alamos. 2696 02:45:47,375 --> 02:45:49,332 I would have done anything I was asked to do. 2697 02:45:49,380 --> 02:45:51,708 Well, then, you would have built the H-bomb too, wouldn't you? 2698 02:45:51,750 --> 02:45:54,014 But I couldn't... -I didn't ask you that, Doctor! 2699 02:45:54,208 --> 02:45:58,458 And the GAC report, which you co-authored after the Soviet atomic test said: 2700 02:45:58,500 --> 02:46:01,541 "A Super bomb should never be built!" 2701 02:46:01,583 --> 02:46:02,816 What we meant, what I meant... 2702 02:46:02,958 --> 02:46:04,458 What you, who? -Look, what I meant... 2703 02:46:04,500 --> 02:46:05,519 Who? 2704 02:46:06,666 --> 02:46:09,500 Well, wouldn't the Russians do anything to increase their strength? 2705 02:46:10,375 --> 02:46:12,416 If we did it, they would have to do it! 2706 02:46:12,458 --> 02:46:14,541 Our efforts would only fuel their efforts, 2707 02:46:14,583 --> 02:46:16,500 just as it had with the atomic bomb! 2708 02:46:16,750 --> 02:46:19,166 Just as it had with the atomic bomb, exactly! 2709 02:46:20,500 --> 02:46:24,458 No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949. 2710 02:46:28,958 --> 02:46:29,985 Dr. Oppenheimer... 2711 02:46:32,416 --> 02:46:36,791 when did your strong moral convictions develop with respect to the hydrogen bomb? 2712 02:46:44,875 --> 02:46:46,333 When it became clear to me 2713 02:46:48,000 --> 02:46:50,833 that we would tend to use any weapon we had. 2714 02:46:54,241 --> 02:46:58,875 J. Robert Oppenheimer the martyr, I gave him exactly what he wanted. 2715 02:46:59,666 --> 02:47:01,147 To be remembered for Trinity, 2716 02:47:01,298 --> 02:47:03,083 not Hiroshima! 2717 02:47:03,958 --> 02:47:05,958 Not Nagasaki! 2718 02:47:09,083 --> 02:47:10,583 He should be thanking me. 2719 02:47:11,916 --> 02:47:12,917 Well, he's not. 2720 02:47:16,500 --> 02:47:17,875 Do we still have enough votes? 2721 02:47:18,166 --> 02:47:19,981 Or is the crowning moment of my career 2722 02:47:20,005 --> 02:47:22,958 about to become the most public humiliation of my life? 2723 02:47:23,984 --> 02:47:25,416 Full Senate's about to vote. 2724 02:47:26,625 --> 02:47:27,605 You'll scrape through. 2725 02:47:27,662 --> 02:47:29,458 Great, then gather the fucking press. 2726 02:47:29,541 --> 02:47:32,170 Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, this board, 2727 02:47:32,333 --> 02:47:34,375 having heard testimony from you 2728 02:47:34,416 --> 02:47:37,248 and many of your current and former colleagues, 2729 02:47:37,750 --> 02:47:41,583 has come to the unanimous conclusion that you are a loyal citizen. 2730 02:47:44,208 --> 02:47:45,222 However... 2731 02:47:46,041 --> 02:47:49,375 In the light of your continuing associations, 2732 02:47:49,416 --> 02:47:52,541 and disregard for the security apparatus of this country, 2733 02:47:53,000 --> 02:47:56,291 together with your somewhat disturbing conduct 2734 02:47:56,375 --> 02:47:58,041 on the hydrogen bomb program, 2735 02:47:58,708 --> 02:48:00,125 and the regrettable lack of candor 2736 02:48:00,166 --> 02:48:02,166 in certain of your responses to this board, 2737 02:48:03,208 --> 02:48:04,875 we have voted, two-to-one, 2738 02:48:06,041 --> 02:48:09,083 to deny the renewal of your security clearance. 2739 02:48:09,208 --> 02:48:12,244 A full written opinion, with a dissent from Mr. Evans, 2740 02:48:12,708 --> 02:48:15,250 will be issued to the AEC in the coming days. 2741 02:48:15,791 --> 02:48:16,791 That is all. 2742 02:48:27,751 --> 02:48:28,751 Robert. 2743 02:48:29,875 --> 02:48:30,875 Robert. 2744 02:48:34,041 --> 02:48:35,041 Don't... 2745 02:48:38,041 --> 02:48:39,208 Don't take in the sheets. 2746 02:48:45,275 --> 02:48:47,000 Two minutes. Two minutes! 2747 02:48:47,583 --> 02:48:48,708 You'll get your shot! 2748 02:48:52,708 --> 02:48:54,166 Is it official? 2749 02:48:56,125 --> 02:48:59,664 Well, there were a couple of unexpected holdouts. 2750 02:49:05,083 --> 02:49:07,000 I'm denied. Yeah? 2751 02:49:07,833 --> 02:49:09,291 I'm afraid so, sir. -Alright. 2752 02:49:17,250 --> 02:49:18,333 Who were the holdouts? 2753 02:49:18,534 --> 02:49:21,260 Um, there were three. 2754 02:49:21,393 --> 02:49:23,875 Led by the junior senator from Massachusetts. 2755 02:49:23,963 --> 02:49:25,583 Young guy trying to make a name for himself, 2756 02:49:25,625 --> 02:49:27,500 didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer. 2757 02:49:28,500 --> 02:49:29,485 What's his name? 2758 02:49:30,250 --> 02:49:31,791 Uh, Kennedy. 2759 02:49:32,226 --> 02:49:33,250 John F. Kennedy. 2760 02:49:37,306 --> 02:49:38,293 Kitty? 2761 02:49:44,750 --> 02:49:48,118 Did you think that if you let them tar and feather you, 2762 02:49:48,458 --> 02:49:50,083 then the world would forgive you? 2763 02:49:54,118 --> 02:49:55,118 It won't. 2764 02:49:57,890 --> 02:49:58,890 We'll see. 2765 02:50:13,515 --> 02:50:15,000 You told me I'd be okay. 2766 02:50:15,750 --> 02:50:17,819 Yeah, well, I didn't have all the facts, did I? 2767 02:50:17,958 --> 02:50:18,976 Here's a fact. 2768 02:50:19,166 --> 02:50:22,833 President Eisenhower pinned the Medal of Freedom on my chest last year, 2769 02:50:23,208 --> 02:50:25,416 because I've always done what's right for this country. 2770 02:50:25,708 --> 02:50:29,416 They don't want me in the cabinet room? Well, that's... that's fine. 2771 02:50:30,375 --> 02:50:32,541 Maybe they should just invite Oppenheimer instead. 2772 02:50:32,771 --> 02:50:33,791 Maybe they will. 2773 02:50:34,749 --> 02:50:37,734 I told you. He turned the scientists against me, 2774 02:50:37,812 --> 02:50:39,833 one by one, starting with Einstein. 2775 02:50:39,875 --> 02:50:42,458 I told you about that. Einstein. Einstein by the pond. 2776 02:50:42,500 --> 02:50:44,857 You did, but you know, sir, since nobody... 2777 02:50:45,416 --> 02:50:47,791 really knows what they said to each other that day, 2778 02:50:47,833 --> 02:50:50,958 is it possible they didn't talk about you at all? 2779 02:50:51,625 --> 02:50:53,666 Is it possible they spoke about something, uh... 2780 02:50:54,833 --> 02:50:55,875 more important? 2781 02:51:11,208 --> 02:51:12,213 Thank you. 2782 02:51:12,750 --> 02:51:13,749 Albert. 2783 02:51:17,125 --> 02:51:18,458 The man of the moment. 2784 02:51:22,791 --> 02:51:26,953 You once held a reception for me in Berkeley. 2785 02:51:27,000 --> 02:51:29,017 You gave me an award, hmm? -Yes. 2786 02:51:30,458 --> 02:51:34,958 You all thought that I had lost the ability to understand what I'd started. 2787 02:51:35,900 --> 02:51:36,900 So... 2788 02:51:37,291 --> 02:51:41,213 The award really wasn't for me, it was for all of you, hmm? 2789 02:51:43,541 --> 02:51:45,250 Now it's your turn 2790 02:51:45,750 --> 02:51:49,833 to deal with the consequences of your achievement. 2791 02:51:51,375 --> 02:51:54,500 And one day, when they've punished you enough, 2792 02:51:56,958 --> 02:52:00,333 they'll serve you salmon and potato salad. 2793 02:52:05,000 --> 02:52:06,041 Make speeches. 2794 02:52:07,662 --> 02:52:08,791 Give you a medal. 2795 02:52:11,291 --> 02:52:12,311 Hello, Frank. 2796 02:52:12,959 --> 02:52:14,416 You're happy, I'm happy. 2797 02:52:21,292 --> 02:52:23,625 Pat you on the back, tell you all is forgiven. 2798 02:52:25,750 --> 02:52:26,875 Just remember... 2799 02:52:28,923 --> 02:52:30,541 it won't be for you. 2800 02:52:35,792 --> 02:52:36,916 It'll be for them. 2801 02:52:50,797 --> 02:52:51,797 Albert... 2802 02:52:54,042 --> 02:52:56,541 when I came to you with those calculations, 2803 02:52:57,250 --> 02:52:59,250 we thought we might start a chain reaction 2804 02:52:59,291 --> 02:53:02,375 that would destroy the entire world. 2805 02:53:04,208 --> 02:53:07,167 I remember it well. What of it? 2806 02:53:11,167 --> 02:53:12,207 I believe we did. 2807 02:53:13,305 --> 02:54:13,160 Watch any video online with Open-SUBTITLES Free Browser extension: osdb.link/ext 219972

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