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1
00:01:00,501 --> 00:01:04,168
"PROMETHEUS STOLE FIRE FROM THE GODS
AND GAVE IT TO MAN.
2
00:01:04,209 --> 00:01:09,001
"FOR THIS HE WAS CHAINED TO A ROCK
AND TORTURED FOR ETERNITY."
3
00:01:17,375 --> 00:01:19,041
Dr. Oppenheimer.
4
00:01:20,456 --> 00:01:21,458
Dr. Oppenheimer.
5
00:01:23,083 --> 00:01:26,208
As we begin, I believe you have
a statement to read into the record.
6
00:01:28,333 --> 00:01:29,416
Yes, your honor.
7
00:01:29,583 --> 00:01:32,625
We're not judges, Doctor.
-No.
8
00:01:33,916 --> 00:01:34,917
Of course.
9
00:01:40,583 --> 00:01:42,333
Members of the security board,
10
00:01:43,583 --> 00:01:47,333
the so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me
11
00:01:47,416 --> 00:01:50,208
cannot be fairly understood
except in the context
12
00:01:50,291 --> 00:01:52,250
of my life, and my work.
13
00:01:53,083 --> 00:01:54,500
How long did he testify?
14
00:01:55,708 --> 00:01:57,166
Honestly, I forget.
15
00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:00,875
The whole hearing took a month.
16
00:02:01,083 --> 00:02:04,041
An ordeal.
-Oh, I've only read the transcripts.
17
00:02:07,083 --> 00:02:09,416
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
-You weren't there?
18
00:02:09,791 --> 00:02:11,208
As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be.
19
00:02:11,833 --> 00:02:13,583
Are they really going to ask about it?
20
00:02:14,458 --> 00:02:15,916
It was years ago.
21
00:02:15,958 --> 00:02:17,375
Four years ago.
-Five.
22
00:02:18,625 --> 00:02:20,251
Oppenheimer still divides America.
23
00:02:20,274 --> 00:02:22,274
The committee's going to want
to know where you stood.
24
00:02:23,416 --> 00:02:26,875
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
not to feel that you're on trial.
25
00:02:27,041 --> 00:02:30,000
Oh, funny. I didn't,
until you just said that.
26
00:02:30,333 --> 00:02:31,875
Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
27
00:02:32,041 --> 00:02:35,291
Admiral. Admiral Strauss,
this is a formality.
28
00:02:35,333 --> 00:02:37,416
President Eisenhower has
asked you to be in his cabinet.
29
00:02:37,625 --> 00:02:39,417
The Senate really has no choice
but to confirm him.
30
00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:41,208
And if they bring up Oppenheimer?
31
00:02:41,833 --> 00:02:44,167
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly,
32
00:02:44,190 --> 00:02:46,250
no senator can deny you did your duty.
33
00:02:46,541 --> 00:02:48,000
It'll be uncomfortable.
34
00:02:49,003 --> 00:02:50,541
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
35
00:02:56,333 --> 00:02:57,875
Why did you leave the United States?
36
00:03:00,583 --> 00:03:03,875
I... I wanted to study the new physics.
37
00:03:04,083 --> 00:03:05,333
Was there nowhere here?
38
00:03:06,250 --> 00:03:09,083
I thought Berkeley had the leading
theoretical physics department.
39
00:03:09,916 --> 00:03:11,750
Yes, once I built it.
40
00:03:12,500 --> 00:03:13,751
But first I had to go to Europe.
41
00:03:13,774 --> 00:03:16,833
I went to Cambridge,
to study under Patrick Blackett.
42
00:03:17,166 --> 00:03:18,916
Were you happier there than in America?
43
00:03:20,250 --> 00:03:21,583
Happier?
-Yes.
44
00:03:26,041 --> 00:03:27,041
No.
45
00:03:27,500 --> 00:03:28,708
No, I, uh...
46
00:03:31,583 --> 00:03:33,583
I was homesick and...
47
00:03:34,499 --> 00:03:36,166
emotionally immature...
48
00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:39,875
Troubled by visions of a...
49
00:03:40,625 --> 00:03:42,916
hidden universe.
50
00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:55,583
Useless in the lab.
51
00:04:00,583 --> 00:04:02,041
Christ, Oppenheimer.
52
00:04:03,245 --> 00:04:04,416
Have you had any sleep?
53
00:04:07,041 --> 00:04:08,042
Start again.
54
00:04:08,541 --> 00:04:09,833
I need to go to a lecture, sir.
55
00:04:10,875 --> 00:04:11,875
Why?
56
00:04:12,416 --> 00:04:13,416
It's Niels Bohr.
57
00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:17,666
I completely forgot.
58
00:04:18,791 --> 00:04:20,583
Alright! Let's go.
59
00:04:23,166 --> 00:04:24,541
Oh no, not you, Oppenheimer.
60
00:04:24,875 --> 00:04:26,208
You finish coating those plates.
61
00:05:06,666 --> 00:05:10,376
Quantum physics is not a step forward.
62
00:05:10,458 --> 00:05:14,208
It is a new way to understand reality.
63
00:05:14,315 --> 00:05:16,126
Einstein's opened the door.
64
00:05:16,149 --> 00:05:20,350
Now we are peering through,
seeing a world inside our world,
65
00:05:20,541 --> 00:05:26,125
a world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
66
00:06:09,625 --> 00:06:10,624
You alright?
67
00:06:11,625 --> 00:06:13,958
Nils, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer.
68
00:06:14,333 --> 00:06:15,833
What's the J stand for?
69
00:06:16,041 --> 00:06:17,376
Nothing, apparently.
70
00:06:17,399 --> 00:06:19,875
You were at my lecture.
You asked the only good question.
71
00:06:20,083 --> 00:06:21,500
No one's denying his insight.
72
00:06:21,666 --> 00:06:24,041
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
73
00:06:25,375 --> 00:06:26,376
I heard you give the same answer...
74
00:06:26,399 --> 00:06:28,416
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
75
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:30,083
Why ask again?
76
00:06:30,241 --> 00:06:31,500
I hadn't liked your answer.
77
00:06:33,143 --> 00:06:35,583
Did you like it better yesterday?
-A lot.
78
00:06:35,886 --> 00:06:40,375
You can lift a stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed.
79
00:06:40,625 --> 00:06:42,083
Now it seems you're ready.
80
00:06:42,833 --> 00:06:44,250
But you don't enjoy the lab.
81
00:06:45,416 --> 00:06:48,001
So get out of Cambridge,
with its beakers and potions.
82
00:06:48,024 --> 00:06:50,208
Go somewhere they'll let you think.
83
00:06:51,625 --> 00:06:52,625
Where?
84
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:55,916
Göttingen.
-Born.
85
00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:57,017
Born.
86
00:06:57,041 --> 00:07:01,083
Get to Germany, study under Max Born,
learn the ways of theory.
87
00:07:01,875 --> 00:07:02,875
I'll send word.
88
00:07:03,833 --> 00:07:04,833
Worm hole.
89
00:07:07,291 --> 00:07:08,250
How's your mathematics?
90
00:07:08,291 --> 00:07:10,375
Not good enough for the
physicist he wants to be.
91
00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:12,834
Algebra's like sheet music,
92
00:07:12,857 --> 00:07:16,458
the important thing isn't can you
read music, it's can you hear it.
93
00:07:16,750 --> 00:07:18,833
Can you hear the music, Robert?
94
00:07:20,332 --> 00:07:21,335
Yes, I can.
95
00:08:57,650 --> 00:08:59,250
The senator from Wyoming.
96
00:09:00,192 --> 00:09:02,875
Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
97
00:09:02,916 --> 00:09:04,583
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
98
00:09:04,794 --> 00:09:06,541
You met him in 1947.
99
00:09:07,476 --> 00:09:08,458
Correct.
100
00:09:08,916 --> 00:09:10,916
You were a commissioner
of the Atomic Energy Commission.
101
00:09:11,500 --> 00:09:15,219
I was, but I actually
met Robert in my capacity
102
00:09:15,266 --> 00:09:19,416
as board member of the Institute
for Advanced Study at Princeton. It was...
103
00:09:20,042 --> 00:09:23,308
after the war, he was world-renowned
as the great man of physics,
104
00:09:23,375 --> 00:09:27,625
and I was determined to
get him to run the Institute.
105
00:10:07,333 --> 00:10:09,833
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
106
00:10:10,125 --> 00:10:11,126
Mr. Strauss.
107
00:10:11,276 --> 00:10:12,292
It's pronounced "Strauss".
108
00:10:13,577 --> 00:10:14,918
"Oppenheimer", "Oppenheimer"...
109
00:10:14,959 --> 00:10:16,833
Either way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
110
00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:20,833
I'm president of Temple
Emanu-El in Manhattan.
111
00:10:21,125 --> 00:10:23,417
"Strauss" is just
a Southern pronunciation.
112
00:10:23,884 --> 00:10:27,583
Anyway, welcome to the Institute.
I think you'll be very happy here.
113
00:10:27,906 --> 00:10:29,167
Yes, well, you'll love the commute.
114
00:10:29,750 --> 00:10:31,959
The position comes with that
house for you and your wife,
115
00:10:32,411 --> 00:10:34,167
and your... is it two children?
116
00:10:34,458 --> 00:10:35,333
Yes, two.
117
00:10:35,854 --> 00:10:37,917
I'm a great admirer of your work.
118
00:10:38,516 --> 00:10:40,917
You're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
119
00:10:40,958 --> 00:10:43,043
I'm sorry, uh, common room,
four o'clock tea.
120
00:10:43,066 --> 00:10:45,706
No, I'm not trained
in physics or anything else.
121
00:10:45,750 --> 00:10:46,768
I'm a self-made man.
122
00:10:46,833 --> 00:10:48,333
Ah, I can relate to that.
123
00:10:49,042 --> 00:10:50,833
Really?
-Yes, my father was one.
124
00:10:52,708 --> 00:10:54,958
And this would be your office.
125
00:11:04,708 --> 00:11:06,542
I'm told he's there in most afternoons.
126
00:11:07,083 --> 00:11:08,835
You know, I've always wondered
127
00:11:08,875 --> 00:11:11,792
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
128
00:11:14,090 --> 00:11:15,750
Greatest scientific mind of our time.
129
00:11:16,411 --> 00:11:17,417
Of his time.
130
00:11:18,451 --> 00:11:20,542
Einstein published his
Theory of Relativity
131
00:11:20,583 --> 00:11:23,125
more than 40 years ago now.
132
00:11:24,417 --> 00:11:26,417
Could never embrace
the quantum world it revealed.
133
00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:28,250
"God doesn't play dice."
134
00:11:29,094 --> 00:11:30,084
Precisely.
135
00:11:30,583 --> 00:11:33,083
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
136
00:11:33,292 --> 00:11:36,375
I had offers, but...
I chose to sell shoes.
137
00:11:36,458 --> 00:11:38,792
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
138
00:11:40,123 --> 00:11:41,417
No, just a shoe salesman.
139
00:11:45,667 --> 00:11:48,126
I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
140
00:11:49,375 --> 00:11:50,625
I've known him for years.
141
00:12:12,667 --> 00:12:13,669
Albert.
142
00:12:18,587 --> 00:12:22,375
What was that? What did you say to him?
143
00:12:24,625 --> 00:12:25,625
Oh, he's fine.
144
00:12:27,875 --> 00:12:32,375
Mr. Strauss, there are... things
in my past you ought to be aware of.
145
00:12:32,599 --> 00:12:34,333
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
146
00:12:34,375 --> 00:12:37,007
I have access to your
security file. I've read it.
147
00:12:37,020 --> 00:12:38,578
You're not worried?
-No.
148
00:12:38,625 --> 00:12:40,917
Why would I be worried, after everything
you've done for your country?
149
00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:43,042
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
150
00:12:43,208 --> 00:12:44,917
Well, the purpose of this institute
151
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:47,125
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
152
00:12:48,343 --> 00:12:49,579
That's you.
153
00:12:49,623 --> 00:12:50,982
You are the man for the job.
154
00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:53,084
Well, then I'll consider it.
155
00:12:54,125 --> 00:12:55,792
I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
156
00:13:01,012 --> 00:13:03,500
This is one of the most prestigious
appointments in the country.
157
00:13:03,708 --> 00:13:05,375
Yes, and a great commute.
158
00:13:06,375 --> 00:13:07,708
That's why I'm considering it.
159
00:13:09,257 --> 00:13:12,897
So Dr. Oppenheimer brought
your attention to his past associations
160
00:13:13,083 --> 00:13:14,416
before you appointed him?
161
00:13:14,542 --> 00:13:15,540
Yes.
162
00:13:16,042 --> 00:13:17,333
And they didn't concern you?
163
00:13:17,458 --> 00:13:20,375
Just then I was entirely consumed
with what he must have said
164
00:13:20,460 --> 00:13:22,208
to Einstein to sour him on me.
165
00:13:26,283 --> 00:13:27,293
But later?
166
00:13:27,583 --> 00:13:29,125
Well, we all know what happened later.
167
00:13:29,958 --> 00:13:31,918
Doctor, your time in Europe,
168
00:13:31,958 --> 00:13:35,000
you seem to meet with a wide
range of other countries' physicists.
169
00:13:35,181 --> 00:13:36,190
Yes, that's right.
170
00:13:36,402 --> 00:13:37,417
Any Russians?
171
00:13:39,503 --> 00:13:42,168
None that spring to mind.
If you'll just allow me
172
00:13:42,208 --> 00:13:44,000
to continue with my statement...
-Mr. Robb,
173
00:13:44,044 --> 00:13:46,417
you'll have ample opportunity
to cross-examine.
174
00:13:49,542 --> 00:13:54,292
After Göttingen, I moved on to Leiden,
in Holland, where I first met Isidor Rabi.
175
00:13:55,458 --> 00:13:56,458
Excuse me.
176
00:14:01,375 --> 00:14:03,750
A yank. Lecturing on the new physics.
177
00:14:03,917 --> 00:14:04,912
This I have to hear.
178
00:14:04,998 --> 00:14:06,625
I'm an American myself.
179
00:14:07,208 --> 00:14:08,333
How surprising.
180
00:14:09,490 --> 00:14:11,458
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
181
00:14:25,750 --> 00:14:26,958
Wait, what's he saying?
182
00:14:38,625 --> 00:14:39,624
No, thank you.
183
00:14:39,667 --> 00:14:40,917
It's a long way to Zurich.
184
00:14:41,583 --> 00:14:44,333
If you get any skinnier, we're gonna
lose you between the seat cushions.
185
00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:47,087
I'm Rabi.
-Oppenheimer.
186
00:14:47,131 --> 00:14:48,792
I caught your lecture on molecules.
187
00:14:49,553 --> 00:14:50,542
Caught some of it.
188
00:14:51,694 --> 00:14:53,750
We're a couple of New York Jews,
how do you know Dutch?
189
00:14:54,336 --> 00:14:56,958
Well, I thought I'd better learn it
when I got here this semester.
190
00:14:57,018 --> 00:15:00,250
You learned enough Dutch in six weeks
to give a lecture on quantum mechanics?
191
00:15:00,502 --> 00:15:01,841
I like to challenge myself.
192
00:15:02,021 --> 00:15:04,167
Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough.
193
00:15:04,283 --> 00:15:05,833
Shvitzer.
-Shvitzer?
194
00:15:06,004 --> 00:15:07,004
Show-off.
195
00:15:07,693 --> 00:15:09,625
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish.
196
00:15:09,708 --> 00:15:11,792
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
197
00:15:11,854 --> 00:15:12,834
Screw you.
198
00:15:14,475 --> 00:15:16,500
You homesick?
-Oh, you know it.
199
00:15:17,816 --> 00:15:20,375
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
200
00:15:21,097 --> 00:15:22,084
Physicists?
201
00:15:22,678 --> 00:15:24,708
That's funny.
-Not in the department.
202
00:15:25,679 --> 00:15:26,875
They're all Jewish, too.
203
00:15:29,458 --> 00:15:30,456
Eat.
204
00:15:32,917 --> 00:15:34,625
There's this German you have to seek out.
205
00:15:36,038 --> 00:15:37,292
Heisenberg.
-Right.
206
00:15:47,542 --> 00:15:51,418
One might be led to the presumption
that behind the quantum world
207
00:15:51,625 --> 00:15:55,084
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
208
00:15:55,125 --> 00:15:59,500
but such speculations seem to us,
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
209
00:16:00,042 --> 00:16:01,583
Thank you. Have a great day.
210
00:16:07,125 --> 00:16:08,333
Wonderful.
-Thank you.
211
00:16:08,875 --> 00:16:11,750
Dr. Oppenheimer.
-Oppenheimer, yes!
212
00:16:12,170 --> 00:16:13,847
I liked your paper on molecules.
213
00:16:13,891 --> 00:16:15,430
Probably because you inspired it.
214
00:16:15,458 --> 00:16:18,292
If I inspire anything else, let me know.
We could publish together.
215
00:16:18,415 --> 00:16:20,542
I have to get back to America.
-Why?
216
00:16:21,077 --> 00:16:23,792
There's no one there taking
quantum mechanics seriously.
217
00:16:24,039 --> 00:16:25,167
That's exactly why.
218
00:16:25,721 --> 00:16:27,917
He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan.
219
00:16:28,443 --> 00:16:29,958
Canyons of New Mexico.
220
00:16:30,505 --> 00:16:32,282
You're from New Mexico?
-No, New York.
221
00:16:32,326 --> 00:16:34,833
But my brother and I have
a ranch outside Santa Fe.
222
00:16:36,012 --> 00:16:37,430
That's the America I miss right now.
223
00:16:37,792 --> 00:16:40,083
Then it's best you get home, cowboys.
224
00:16:41,154 --> 00:16:42,146
That's him.
225
00:16:42,274 --> 00:16:43,750
No, me and horses?
226
00:16:44,075 --> 00:16:45,079
I don't think so.
227
00:16:46,395 --> 00:16:47,375
Nice to meet you.
228
00:16:49,500 --> 00:16:51,375
Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again?
229
00:16:51,717 --> 00:16:53,917
Not in person, no, but...
230
00:16:55,917 --> 00:16:57,542
you might say our paths crossed.
231
00:16:59,625 --> 00:17:00,828
On returning to America,
232
00:17:00,852 --> 00:17:03,917
I accepted positions at both
Caltech and up at Berkeley.
233
00:17:28,375 --> 00:17:29,917
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
234
00:17:32,333 --> 00:17:33,375
You must be Oppenheimer.
235
00:17:33,594 --> 00:17:34,594
Yes.
236
00:17:34,774 --> 00:17:36,875
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
237
00:17:37,355 --> 00:17:38,917
I am starting it, next door.
238
00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:41,083
They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
239
00:17:41,208 --> 00:17:43,250
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
240
00:17:43,458 --> 00:17:45,083
Theory will get you only so far.
241
00:17:45,319 --> 00:17:47,250
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
242
00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:48,516
Magnificent.
243
00:17:48,560 --> 00:17:49,583
Would you like to help?
244
00:17:49,921 --> 00:17:52,658
Build it? Oh, no. No, no.
245
00:17:52,750 --> 00:17:55,292
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
246
00:17:55,603 --> 00:17:56,610
When do you start teaching?
247
00:17:57,042 --> 00:17:58,292
I've got my first in an hour.
248
00:17:58,605 --> 00:18:00,292
Seminar?
-Pupil.
249
00:18:01,046 --> 00:18:03,042
One student? That's it?
250
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,168
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
251
00:18:06,458 --> 00:18:08,417
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
252
00:18:08,458 --> 00:18:09,500
There's no going back.
253
00:18:12,375 --> 00:18:15,042
Oh, I must have missed the...
-Mr. Lomanitz?
254
00:18:17,750 --> 00:18:19,500
Yeah.
-Yes, this is it.
255
00:18:19,583 --> 00:18:21,333
Please, take a seat.
256
00:18:26,832 --> 00:18:28,250
What do you know about quantum mechanics?
257
00:18:29,513 --> 00:18:31,333
I have a grasp on the basics.
258
00:18:31,375 --> 00:18:32,417
Then you're doing it wrong.
259
00:18:33,498 --> 00:18:35,750
Is life made up of particles or waves?
260
00:18:36,250 --> 00:18:38,500
Quantum mechanics says it's both.
How can it be both?
261
00:18:38,985 --> 00:18:40,125
It can't.
-It can't.
262
00:18:40,847 --> 00:18:41,866
But it is.
263
00:18:41,917 --> 00:18:45,083
It's paradoxical, and yet, it works.
264
00:18:56,042 --> 00:18:57,043
Thank you.
265
00:18:57,643 --> 00:19:00,417
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay.
266
00:19:00,750 --> 00:19:01,731
Mr. Snyder.
267
00:19:02,458 --> 00:19:04,000
Now, let's consider a star.
268
00:19:04,540 --> 00:19:07,751
A star, a vast furnace
burning in outer space,
269
00:19:07,792 --> 00:19:11,208
fire pushing outwards against
its own gravity, balanced.
270
00:19:12,925 --> 00:19:14,708
But if that furnace cools,
271
00:19:15,458 --> 00:19:17,875
and gravity starts winning, it contracts.
272
00:19:18,417 --> 00:19:20,667
Density increases.
-Correct.
273
00:19:21,147 --> 00:19:23,542
Increasing gravity.
-Increasing density.
274
00:19:23,792 --> 00:19:25,625
And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
275
00:19:26,208 --> 00:19:27,209
What's the limit here?
276
00:19:28,874 --> 00:19:30,959
I don't know. See where
the math takes us.
277
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:33,037
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before us.
278
00:19:33,083 --> 00:19:34,083
Me?
279
00:19:34,824 --> 00:19:36,667
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
280
00:19:38,667 --> 00:19:41,750
Dr. Oppenheimer's file contained details
281
00:19:41,792 --> 00:19:43,168
of his activities at Berkeley.
282
00:19:43,208 --> 00:19:46,792
Why would they have started a file
on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war?
283
00:19:47,629 --> 00:19:49,875
Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover.
284
00:19:50,137 --> 00:19:51,958
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
285
00:19:52,500 --> 00:19:53,792
Uh, my assumption
286
00:19:54,292 --> 00:19:57,833
is that it was connected to his, uh,
287
00:19:58,143 --> 00:20:00,292
left-wing political activities.
288
00:20:02,125 --> 00:20:04,375
You shouldn't let them bring
their politics in the classroom, Oppie.
289
00:20:05,706 --> 00:20:06,709
I wrote that.
290
00:20:07,125 --> 00:20:09,704
Lawrence, you embraced
the revolution in physics.
291
00:20:09,750 --> 00:20:11,167
Can't you see it everywhere else?
292
00:20:11,875 --> 00:20:14,084
Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx.
293
00:20:14,125 --> 00:20:16,583
Well, this is America, Oppie.
We had our revolution.
294
00:20:17,928 --> 00:20:20,500
Seriously, keep it out of the lab.
295
00:20:20,833 --> 00:20:22,667
Well, out of the lab,
296
00:20:22,875 --> 00:20:25,500
my landlady is having
a discussion group tonight.
297
00:20:25,792 --> 00:20:26,709
Interested?
298
00:20:26,750 --> 00:20:28,668
I have sampled the
Berkeley political scene.
299
00:20:28,708 --> 00:20:33,000
It's all just philosophy post-grads
and communists talking integration.
300
00:20:33,125 --> 00:20:34,417
You don't care about integration?
301
00:20:34,667 --> 00:20:36,611
I want to vote for it, not talk about it.
302
00:20:36,708 --> 00:20:38,708
Especially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
303
00:20:39,175 --> 00:20:40,583
I'm meeting my brother there.
304
00:20:41,333 --> 00:20:44,917
And how would these activities
have come to the attention of the FBI?
305
00:20:45,125 --> 00:20:47,083
Well, if I remember correctly,
306
00:20:47,125 --> 00:20:51,334
the FBI was taking license plates
outside suspected communist gatherings,
307
00:20:51,377 --> 00:20:52,791
and his name popped up.
308
00:21:01,390 --> 00:21:03,083
Jesus Christ!
-Sorry.
309
00:21:03,167 --> 00:21:04,167
Frank!
310
00:21:05,750 --> 00:21:08,042
Uh, you remember Jackie?
-Evening.
311
00:21:14,721 --> 00:21:17,917
Robert! I want you to meet Chevalier.
312
00:21:18,145 --> 00:21:21,206
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
313
00:21:21,250 --> 00:21:21,917
Pleasure. -Pleasure.
314
00:21:21,948 --> 00:21:23,750
This is my little brother, Frank.
315
00:21:24,083 --> 00:21:25,870
And this is...
-Still Jackie.
316
00:21:25,917 --> 00:21:27,042
Hello, Still Jackie.
317
00:21:27,174 --> 00:21:30,975
Chevalier, you're in languages?
-And your reputation precedes you.
318
00:21:31,042 --> 00:21:32,043
What have you heard?
319
00:21:32,140 --> 00:21:34,320
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
320
00:21:34,333 --> 00:21:37,583
I have no chance of understanding,
but I haven't heard you're a party member.
321
00:21:37,625 --> 00:21:39,363
Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
322
00:21:39,417 --> 00:21:40,876
Frank and I are thinking of joining.
323
00:21:40,917 --> 00:21:43,083
Just the other day I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
324
00:21:43,308 --> 00:21:44,308
Spanish Civil War?
325
00:21:44,542 --> 00:21:47,500
A democratic republic being
overthrown by fascist thugs.
326
00:21:47,542 --> 00:21:48,833
Who wouldn't?
-Our government.
327
00:21:48,912 --> 00:21:51,652
They think that socialism
is a bigger threat than fascism.
328
00:21:51,667 --> 00:21:54,292
Not for long. Look at what
the Nazis are doing to the Jews.
329
00:21:54,375 --> 00:21:56,958
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
330
00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:58,333
I have to do something.
331
00:21:59,660 --> 00:22:02,500
My own work is so... abstract.
332
00:22:02,542 --> 00:22:03,542
What are you working on?
333
00:22:03,583 --> 00:22:05,875
What happens to stars when they die?
334
00:22:06,083 --> 00:22:07,333
Do stars die?
335
00:22:08,505 --> 00:22:12,085
Well, if they do,
they'd cool, then collapse.
336
00:22:12,125 --> 00:22:14,646
In fact, the bigger the star,
337
00:22:14,792 --> 00:22:16,708
the more violent its demise.
338
00:22:17,229 --> 00:22:20,542
Their gravity gets so concentrated,
it swallows everything.
339
00:22:21,375 --> 00:22:22,417
Everything, even light.
340
00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:25,917
Can that really happen?
-The math says it can.
341
00:22:26,014 --> 00:22:29,083
If we can get published, then perhaps
one day an astronomer finds one.
342
00:22:29,125 --> 00:22:30,876
But right now, all I have is theory,
343
00:22:30,917 --> 00:22:32,958
which can't impact people's lives.
344
00:22:32,973 --> 00:22:35,167
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
345
00:22:35,208 --> 00:22:36,583
do it through the Communist Party.
346
00:22:36,695 --> 00:22:38,042
They can get it to the front lines.
347
00:22:38,083 --> 00:22:39,250
Mary sent me with these.
348
00:22:41,216 --> 00:22:43,583
I'm Jean.
-Robert.
349
00:22:43,917 --> 00:22:46,625
Haakon Chevalier. That union
meeting at Serber's last month.
350
00:22:47,138 --> 00:22:48,292
Right, right, yes.
351
00:22:48,750 --> 00:22:49,750
Oh, thank you.
352
00:22:50,339 --> 00:22:52,083
Robert here says he's not a communist.
353
00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:54,375
Well, then he doesn't
know enough about it.
354
00:22:54,581 --> 00:22:57,167
Oh, I've read Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
355
00:22:57,232 --> 00:22:58,251
Does that count?
356
00:22:58,272 --> 00:23:00,375
It would make you better-read
than most party members.
357
00:23:00,474 --> 00:23:02,731
Turgid stuff. There's some thinking, um...
358
00:23:02,775 --> 00:23:04,083
"Ownership is theft."
359
00:23:04,376 --> 00:23:05,792
Property.
-Property?
360
00:23:06,377 --> 00:23:07,583
Property, not ownership.
361
00:23:07,738 --> 00:23:09,833
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
362
00:23:13,421 --> 00:23:15,958
It's not about the book.
It's about the ideas.
363
00:23:16,063 --> 00:23:17,708
And you sound uncommitted.
364
00:23:18,084 --> 00:23:21,125
I'm committed to thinking freely
about how to improve our world.
365
00:23:22,026 --> 00:23:24,125
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
366
00:23:24,221 --> 00:23:26,375
You're a physicist.
Do you pick and choose rules?
367
00:23:27,208 --> 00:23:30,917
Or do you use the discipline
to channel your energies into progress?
368
00:23:31,417 --> 00:23:32,833
I like a little wiggle room.
369
00:23:34,292 --> 00:23:35,833
Do you always toe the party line?
370
00:23:37,969 --> 00:23:39,458
I like my wiggle room, too.
371
00:23:50,500 --> 00:23:51,502
What?
372
00:23:52,500 --> 00:23:53,502
Wait, wait, wait.
373
00:23:57,560 --> 00:23:58,583
Unexpected.
374
00:23:59,261 --> 00:24:00,250
What?
375
00:24:00,481 --> 00:24:01,579
For a physicist.
376
00:24:01,625 --> 00:24:03,958
You only have a shelf full of Freud?
377
00:24:04,208 --> 00:24:07,583
Well, actually, my background's more...
-Jungian?
378
00:24:09,843 --> 00:24:11,083
You know analysis?
379
00:24:11,333 --> 00:24:14,542
When I was in post-grad at Cambridge,
I had a little trouble.
380
00:24:15,845 --> 00:24:18,362
I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
381
00:24:18,406 --> 00:24:20,667
Did you hate him?
-I liked him very much.
382
00:24:21,250 --> 00:24:22,583
You just needed to get laid.
383
00:24:22,792 --> 00:24:24,376
It took my analysts two years,
384
00:24:24,417 --> 00:24:26,625
and I don't think they ever
put it that succinctly.
385
00:24:26,667 --> 00:24:30,333
You have everyone convinced you're
more complicated than you actually are.
386
00:24:30,468 --> 00:24:32,708
We're all simple souls, I guess.
387
00:24:32,970 --> 00:24:33,960
I'm not.
388
00:24:36,673 --> 00:24:37,669
What's this?
389
00:24:37,814 --> 00:24:38,799
Sanskrit.
390
00:24:39,095 --> 00:24:40,125
You can read this?
391
00:24:40,875 --> 00:24:41,874
I'm learning.
392
00:24:47,458 --> 00:24:48,458
Read this.
393
00:24:49,944 --> 00:24:51,042
Well, in this part,
394
00:24:51,500 --> 00:24:54,458
Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self...
-No.
395
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:57,167
Read the words.
396
00:25:01,333 --> 00:25:03,167
"And now I am become Death...
397
00:25:09,667 --> 00:25:11,083
"destroyer of worlds."
398
00:25:41,875 --> 00:25:42,875
This'll do.
399
00:25:49,708 --> 00:25:50,792
It'll break before dawn.
400
00:25:51,413 --> 00:25:52,667
Air cools overnight.
401
00:25:53,167 --> 00:25:54,667
Just before dawn, it breaks.
402
00:26:05,462 --> 00:26:08,583
Well, so, I'm getting married.
403
00:26:08,792 --> 00:26:11,500
Frank! congratulations!
-Thank you, thank you.
404
00:26:11,542 --> 00:26:13,625
To Jackie?
-Yeah, to Jackie.
405
00:26:14,958 --> 00:26:18,042
The waitress?
-Oppie, you're right. It's letting up.
406
00:26:18,148 --> 00:26:19,417
I'm gonna go see if there's any stars.
407
00:26:20,042 --> 00:26:24,167
All your talk about the common man,
but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm?
408
00:26:25,164 --> 00:26:27,402
We joined the party, and you
can't hide your disappointment.
409
00:26:27,458 --> 00:26:29,397
Why? Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
410
00:26:29,525 --> 00:26:30,833
I haven't joined the party, Frank.
411
00:26:31,205 --> 00:26:33,458
And I don't think she should have
convinced you to either.
412
00:26:33,666 --> 00:26:36,292
Half of the faculty is communist.
-Not that half.
413
00:26:37,987 --> 00:26:40,766
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
414
00:26:40,833 --> 00:26:42,042
And I want to wring your neck.
415
00:26:44,375 --> 00:26:47,458
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
416
00:26:49,595 --> 00:26:52,583
You're happy... I'm happy.
417
00:26:52,917 --> 00:26:55,333
So then I'm happy
you're happy that I'm happy.
418
00:27:00,625 --> 00:27:03,125
I feel like I can see one of those
dark stars that you're working on.
419
00:27:03,958 --> 00:27:04,958
You can't.
420
00:27:05,458 --> 00:27:08,387
That's the whole point.
Their gravity swallows light.
421
00:27:09,875 --> 00:27:12,125
It's like a kind of hole in space.
422
00:27:13,167 --> 00:27:14,167
Is Frank okay?
423
00:27:14,458 --> 00:27:16,708
Yes. He just has a shitty brother.
424
00:27:18,167 --> 00:27:19,292
It is special here.
425
00:27:22,042 --> 00:27:23,042
When I was a kid...
426
00:27:24,583 --> 00:27:26,083
I thought if I could find a way...
427
00:27:27,625 --> 00:27:31,167
to combine physics and New Mexico,
428
00:27:31,917 --> 00:27:33,292
my life would be perfect.
429
00:27:35,667 --> 00:27:37,417
Little remote for that.
-Yes.
430
00:27:38,208 --> 00:27:39,333
Let's get some sleep.
431
00:27:40,708 --> 00:27:44,375
That mesa we saw today,
one of my favorite places in the world.
432
00:27:45,375 --> 00:27:47,708
Tomorrow we'll climb it.
-What's it called?
433
00:27:49,375 --> 00:27:50,500
Los Alamos.
434
00:27:54,610 --> 00:27:56,292
I didn't expect to see you today.
435
00:27:57,833 --> 00:27:59,250
Do I have to make an appointment?
436
00:28:03,599 --> 00:28:04,599
Alvarez?
437
00:28:10,667 --> 00:28:12,625
Oppie! Oppie!
438
00:28:13,375 --> 00:28:14,833
What? What is it?
439
00:28:15,458 --> 00:28:16,458
They've done it.
440
00:28:16,779 --> 00:28:18,375
They've done it. Hahn and
Strassmann in Germany.
441
00:28:18,420 --> 00:28:19,667
They split the uranium nucleus.
442
00:28:21,782 --> 00:28:22,792
How?
443
00:28:24,250 --> 00:28:25,583
Bombard it with neutrons.
444
00:28:26,045 --> 00:28:27,250
It's a nuclear fission.
445
00:28:27,506 --> 00:28:28,958
They did it. They split the atom.
446
00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:30,000
That's not possible.
447
00:28:36,417 --> 00:28:37,750
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
448
00:28:44,958 --> 00:28:46,667
See? Can't be done.
449
00:28:48,040 --> 00:28:49,042
Very elegant.
450
00:28:50,121 --> 00:28:51,125
Quite clear.
451
00:28:51,441 --> 00:28:52,458
There's just one problem.
452
00:28:52,642 --> 00:28:53,625
Where?
453
00:28:54,243 --> 00:28:55,250
Next door.
454
00:28:55,875 --> 00:28:56,916
Alvarez did it.
455
00:28:58,292 --> 00:28:59,289
And look.
456
00:29:00,186 --> 00:29:02,573
These fission pulses, they're massive.
457
00:29:03,250 --> 00:29:06,208
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
458
00:29:07,274 --> 00:29:09,125
Theory will take you only so far.
459
00:29:11,137 --> 00:29:12,208
During the process...
460
00:29:13,792 --> 00:29:16,042
extra neutrons boil off,
which could be used
461
00:29:16,083 --> 00:29:18,042
to split other uranium atoms.
462
00:29:18,342 --> 00:29:19,333
Chain reaction.
463
00:29:20,023 --> 00:29:21,238
You're thinking what I'm thinking.
464
00:29:21,324 --> 00:29:25,375
You, me, and every other physicist
around the world who's seen the news.
465
00:29:26,208 --> 00:29:27,958
I just... what, what are we all thinking?
466
00:29:28,990 --> 00:29:31,500
A bomb, Alvarez.
467
00:29:32,917 --> 00:29:33,915
A bomb.
468
00:29:35,417 --> 00:29:37,667
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
469
00:29:39,750 --> 00:29:42,667
I don't understand what you want from me.
-I don't want anything from you!
470
00:29:44,204 --> 00:29:47,708
Well, you say that, and then you call.
-Well, don't answer.
471
00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:50,167
I'll always answer.
472
00:29:55,750 --> 00:29:56,750
Fine.
473
00:29:57,227 --> 00:29:58,500
Just no more flowers.
474
00:30:00,375 --> 00:30:01,372
You're not coming?
475
00:30:03,629 --> 00:30:05,542
You have to know when
you're beaten, Robert.
476
00:30:07,958 --> 00:30:09,500
It's not that simple, Haak.
477
00:30:10,050 --> 00:30:13,333
Chevalier, good to see you.
Barbara, good to see you.
478
00:30:13,375 --> 00:30:15,542
And the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer.
479
00:30:15,958 --> 00:30:17,542
I'm Eltenton.
-Oh, pleasure.
480
00:30:17,566 --> 00:30:18,583
Please, please.
481
00:30:18,625 --> 00:30:21,625
Why don't you say a word about
organized labor on campuses?
482
00:30:21,958 --> 00:30:24,250
Yes? Coming through,
coming through!
483
00:30:24,292 --> 00:30:25,292
I work at Shell.
484
00:30:25,333 --> 00:30:27,542
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers.
485
00:30:27,833 --> 00:30:29,500
So why not sciences and academia?
486
00:30:29,875 --> 00:30:33,542
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
487
00:30:43,833 --> 00:30:45,375
Teachers are unionized.
488
00:30:46,042 --> 00:30:47,167
Why not professors?
489
00:30:47,583 --> 00:30:48,667
Don't you have somewhere to be?
490
00:30:48,750 --> 00:30:51,083
Lawrence, academics have rights too.
491
00:30:51,375 --> 00:30:53,417
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
492
00:30:53,694 --> 00:30:56,167
Oh. I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
493
00:31:02,798 --> 00:31:04,708
Richard, Dr. Bush.
494
00:31:04,750 --> 00:31:06,083
What brings you two up north?
495
00:31:15,768 --> 00:31:18,667
Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be
down in Pasadena Thursday.
496
00:31:28,708 --> 00:31:30,833
Paper on black holes, it's in!
497
00:31:32,732 --> 00:31:33,749
Where's Hartland?
498
00:31:34,375 --> 00:31:36,375
Get Hartland.
Get Hartland.
499
00:31:36,500 --> 00:31:39,917
September 1st, 1939?
The world's gonna remember this day.
500
00:31:41,667 --> 00:31:43,542
Oh, Hartland, our paper, it's in print.
501
00:31:43,708 --> 00:31:44,917
You've been upstaged.
502
00:31:49,307 --> 00:31:51,708
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
503
00:31:52,292 --> 00:31:54,458
increasingly out of sympathy with the...
504
00:31:54,917 --> 00:31:57,917
policy of neutrality
that communists advocated.
505
00:31:57,958 --> 00:32:00,458
But after Hitler invaded Russia
and we became allies,
506
00:32:01,250 --> 00:32:03,292
these communist sympathies,
do they return?
507
00:32:03,669 --> 00:32:04,669
No.
508
00:32:05,542 --> 00:32:09,542
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
509
00:32:09,583 --> 00:32:12,583
did not mean a sharp break from
those who held different views.
510
00:32:13,083 --> 00:32:15,458
For a year or two during
a previous marriage,
511
00:32:15,500 --> 00:32:18,417
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
512
00:32:23,583 --> 00:32:24,875
This is where I keep the good stuff.
513
00:32:24,917 --> 00:32:26,708
Well, I thought this was
the Tolmans' house.
514
00:32:26,750 --> 00:32:28,833
I live with them while I'm at Caltech.
515
00:32:28,875 --> 00:32:30,250
Do you two need anything?
516
00:32:30,467 --> 00:32:31,542
We're good, Ruthie.
517
00:32:32,888 --> 00:32:35,667
So, you're a biologist.
518
00:32:36,250 --> 00:32:39,250
Well, somehow I have
graduated to housewife.
519
00:32:39,625 --> 00:32:41,708
Can you explain quantum mechanics to me?
520
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:44,708
Seems baffling.
-Yes, it is.
521
00:32:46,083 --> 00:32:47,542
Well, this glass,
522
00:32:48,708 --> 00:32:51,708
this drink... this countertop...
523
00:32:53,104 --> 00:32:54,250
Our bodies.
524
00:32:56,147 --> 00:32:57,167
All of it.
525
00:32:58,333 --> 00:32:59,792
It's mostly empty space.
526
00:33:00,192 --> 00:33:03,500
Groupings of tiny energy
waves bound together.
527
00:33:03,583 --> 00:33:04,667
By what?
528
00:33:04,708 --> 00:33:07,875
Forces of attraction strong
enough to convince us
529
00:33:08,583 --> 00:33:10,583
that matter is solid.
530
00:33:10,833 --> 00:33:13,000
Stop my body passing through yours.
531
00:33:25,625 --> 00:33:27,375
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
532
00:33:27,875 --> 00:33:28,917
Not very.
533
00:33:30,819 --> 00:33:34,375
There is someone that I feel...
534
00:33:34,708 --> 00:33:35,917
Does she feel that way?
535
00:33:36,480 --> 00:33:37,667
Sometimes.
536
00:33:38,500 --> 00:33:39,499
Not enough.
537
00:33:41,208 --> 00:33:43,500
You know, I'm going to New Mexico.
538
00:33:44,228 --> 00:33:45,917
To my ranch, with friends.
539
00:33:46,167 --> 00:33:47,167
You should come.
540
00:33:48,375 --> 00:33:49,708
I meant, with your husband.
541
00:33:50,130 --> 00:33:51,125
Yes, you did.
542
00:33:51,458 --> 00:33:53,583
Because you know it won't
make a bit of difference.
543
00:33:58,407 --> 00:33:59,542
Why did you marry him?
544
00:34:00,042 --> 00:34:03,333
I was lost, and... he was kind.
545
00:34:05,772 --> 00:34:06,792
Lost?
546
00:34:07,083 --> 00:34:09,375
Well, my previous husband had died, and...
547
00:34:10,042 --> 00:34:12,000
at 28, I wasn't really
ready to be a widow.
548
00:34:12,625 --> 00:34:14,583
Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
549
00:34:14,878 --> 00:34:17,000
My second husband was Joe Dallet.
550
00:34:17,125 --> 00:34:19,467
He was from money, like me,
551
00:34:19,491 --> 00:34:22,917
but he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
552
00:34:23,083 --> 00:34:24,083
I fell hard.
553
00:34:25,167 --> 00:34:27,250
How hard?
-Hard enough to spend the next four years
554
00:34:27,292 --> 00:34:28,542
living off beans and pancakes,
555
00:34:28,583 --> 00:34:30,833
handing out the Daily Worker
at factory gates.
556
00:34:32,125 --> 00:34:34,458
By '36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
557
00:34:34,537 --> 00:34:35,542
Quit the party.
558
00:34:35,625 --> 00:34:37,083
A year later, I wanted him back.
559
00:34:37,125 --> 00:34:39,292
Him, not the Daily Worker. And...
560
00:34:39,792 --> 00:34:41,833
he said: "Swell, I'll meet you
on my way to Spain."
561
00:34:41,960 --> 00:34:43,125
Went to fight for the Loyalists?
562
00:34:43,167 --> 00:34:44,958
And then he went
to the brigades and I waited.
563
00:34:45,250 --> 00:34:46,250
And...
564
00:34:48,125 --> 00:34:50,750
Joe got himself killed first time
he popped his head out of the trench.
565
00:34:52,523 --> 00:34:54,792
Ideology got Joe killed, for nothing.
566
00:34:54,833 --> 00:34:56,625
The Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
567
00:34:56,727 --> 00:34:59,667
My husband offered both our
futures to stop one fascist bullet
568
00:34:59,708 --> 00:35:01,708
from embedding itself in a mud bank.
569
00:35:02,853 --> 00:35:04,875
That's the definition of nothing.
570
00:35:05,208 --> 00:35:07,167
Seems a little reductive.
-Pragmatic.
571
00:35:09,219 --> 00:35:10,208
Now here I am.
572
00:35:13,042 --> 00:35:14,375
Wherever the hell this is.
573
00:35:22,083 --> 00:35:24,333
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
574
00:35:27,375 --> 00:35:29,125
At least you didn't bring me flowers.
575
00:35:36,833 --> 00:35:39,208
We both know I'm not what you want, Jean.
576
00:35:40,458 --> 00:35:42,458
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
577
00:35:43,250 --> 00:35:44,250
No.
578
00:35:46,196 --> 00:35:47,917
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
579
00:35:49,843 --> 00:35:52,000
You knocked her up. Fast work.
580
00:35:52,244 --> 00:35:53,667
Can't keep a good man down.
581
00:35:54,875 --> 00:35:56,000
I meant her.
582
00:35:57,044 --> 00:35:58,042
She knew what she wanted.
583
00:35:58,705 --> 00:35:59,875
What about the husband?
584
00:36:00,505 --> 00:36:01,500
We talked.
585
00:36:01,805 --> 00:36:03,167
They're getting a divorce,
586
00:36:03,208 --> 00:36:06,958
so we can get married
before she starts showing.
587
00:36:07,208 --> 00:36:08,583
How civilized.
588
00:36:10,833 --> 00:36:11,833
You idiot.
589
00:36:12,167 --> 00:36:13,542
This is your community.
590
00:36:14,542 --> 00:36:16,708
You think the rules don't
apply to the golden boy?
591
00:36:17,792 --> 00:36:19,500
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
592
00:36:20,167 --> 00:36:23,583
Don't alienate the only people in the
world that understand what you do.
593
00:36:25,458 --> 00:36:26,875
One day you might need them.
594
00:36:27,125 --> 00:36:29,458
F-A-E-C-T!
595
00:36:29,625 --> 00:36:33,750
Federation of Architects, Engineers,
Chemists and Technicians.
596
00:36:40,915 --> 00:36:42,750
Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month?
597
00:36:43,116 --> 00:36:44,250
That's not the point, Lawrence.
598
00:36:44,297 --> 00:36:48,833
What do any of you have in common
with farm laborers and dock workers?
599
00:36:49,250 --> 00:36:50,253
Plenty.
600
00:36:51,708 --> 00:36:53,625
Everybody out. Now!
601
00:36:58,292 --> 00:36:59,292
Not you.
602
00:37:05,583 --> 00:37:06,585
What are you doing?
603
00:37:07,375 --> 00:37:08,375
It's a trade union.
604
00:37:08,985 --> 00:37:12,182
Filled with communists.
-So? I haven't joined the party.
605
00:37:12,226 --> 00:37:15,208
They won't let me bring you onto
the project because of this shit.
606
00:37:15,875 --> 00:37:17,708
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
607
00:37:17,750 --> 00:37:19,875
Oh, I know what the project is.
608
00:37:19,917 --> 00:37:21,000
Oh, really?
609
00:37:21,042 --> 00:37:23,824
We've all heard about Einstein
and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt
610
00:37:23,848 --> 00:37:25,292
warning him the Germans could make a bomb,
611
00:37:25,333 --> 00:37:28,542
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
612
00:37:28,750 --> 00:37:29,750
And I don't?
613
00:37:30,237 --> 00:37:32,375
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
614
00:37:33,199 --> 00:37:34,209
It's mine.
615
00:37:35,250 --> 00:37:37,583
You think that I tell them
about your politics?
616
00:37:39,667 --> 00:37:41,500
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
617
00:37:41,625 --> 00:37:43,500
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror,
618
00:37:43,833 --> 00:37:48,500
listen to the sounds on your phone line,
and stop being so goddamn naive?
619
00:37:50,083 --> 00:37:51,333
Why would they care what I do?
620
00:37:51,615 --> 00:37:55,250
Because you're not just self-important,
you're actually important.
621
00:37:58,958 --> 00:37:59,959
Okay.
622
00:38:01,458 --> 00:38:02,458
I get it.
623
00:38:02,483 --> 00:38:04,241
If you could just be a little more...
624
00:38:04,265 --> 00:38:07,223
Pragmatic. I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others.
625
00:38:07,267 --> 00:38:08,583
You don't have to worry, it's done.
626
00:38:09,375 --> 00:38:10,376
Lawrence.
627
00:38:15,500 --> 00:38:16,625
Then welcome to the war.
628
00:38:17,625 --> 00:38:21,000
I filled out my first security
questionnaire and was informed
629
00:38:21,042 --> 00:38:23,697
that my involvement
with left-wing groups would
630
00:38:24,167 --> 00:38:27,208
not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
631
00:38:27,238 --> 00:38:29,958
Why were his communist associations
632
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:32,917
not seen as a security
risk during the war?
633
00:38:32,961 --> 00:38:34,711
Senator, I can't possibly answer
634
00:38:34,735 --> 00:38:38,039
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
635
00:38:38,083 --> 00:38:39,292
Fine. What about after?
636
00:38:40,083 --> 00:38:42,564
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer was
637
00:38:42,588 --> 00:38:45,750
the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
638
00:38:45,958 --> 00:38:48,090
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute.
639
00:38:48,134 --> 00:38:50,958
That's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
640
00:38:51,208 --> 00:38:52,208
Simple as that.
641
00:38:52,708 --> 00:38:54,083
What are they accusing me of?
642
00:38:54,958 --> 00:38:58,268
I think they just want to know what
happened between 1947 and 1954
643
00:38:58,292 --> 00:39:00,833
to change your mind on
Oppenheimer's security clearance.
644
00:39:01,083 --> 00:39:02,083
I didn't.
645
00:39:02,208 --> 00:39:05,000
I was chair of the AEC, but it wasn't me
646
00:39:05,542 --> 00:39:08,267
that brought the charges against Robert.
-Who did?
647
00:39:08,333 --> 00:39:10,833
Some former staff member of the
Joint Congressional Committee.
648
00:39:10,875 --> 00:39:13,333
He was a rabid anti-communist
named Borden.
649
00:39:13,737 --> 00:39:16,197
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
650
00:39:16,333 --> 00:39:18,792
The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct?
651
00:39:18,958 --> 00:39:21,042
You'd get caught
holding the knife yourself.
652
00:39:21,783 --> 00:39:23,333
What did Borden have against Oppenheimer?
653
00:39:23,583 --> 00:39:24,792
This is the McCarthy era.
654
00:39:25,916 --> 00:39:29,792
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red, and...
655
00:39:30,703 --> 00:39:33,833
Reading Oppenheimer's security file,
his communist brother,
656
00:39:33,875 --> 00:39:36,625
sister-in-law, fiancée, best friend, wife.
657
00:39:36,917 --> 00:39:39,364
That's before we even get
to the Chevalier incident.
658
00:39:39,417 --> 00:39:42,333
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
659
00:39:42,787 --> 00:39:44,208
Because somebody gave it to him.
660
00:39:45,792 --> 00:39:48,000
Somebody who wanted Robert silenced.
661
00:39:48,708 --> 00:39:50,250
Who?
-Who knows?
662
00:39:50,330 --> 00:39:54,208
Robert didn't take care not to upset
the power brokers in Washington.
663
00:39:55,172 --> 00:39:57,500
His opinions on the atom
became definitive,
664
00:39:57,917 --> 00:40:00,375
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
665
00:40:04,167 --> 00:40:06,500
I came in for plenty of harsh treatment.
666
00:40:06,542 --> 00:40:09,458
There was an AEC vote
667
00:40:09,958 --> 00:40:12,292
on the export of isotopes to Norway,
668
00:40:12,333 --> 00:40:15,083
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
669
00:40:15,133 --> 00:40:18,335
But Dr. Oppenheimer, we've
already heard from Admiral Strauss
670
00:40:18,359 --> 00:40:21,458
that these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
671
00:40:21,500 --> 00:40:22,958
in the production of atomic weapons.
672
00:40:23,036 --> 00:40:26,333
Congressman, you could use a shovel
in making atomic weapons.
673
00:40:26,458 --> 00:40:27,394
In fact, you do.
674
00:40:27,438 --> 00:40:30,435
You could use a bottle of beer
in making atomic weapons.
675
00:40:30,479 --> 00:40:33,125
In fact, you do. I'd say isotopes are
676
00:40:33,167 --> 00:40:35,250
less useful than electronic components,
677
00:40:35,292 --> 00:40:36,917
but more useful than a sandwich.
678
00:40:41,167 --> 00:40:42,667
Genius is no guarantee of wisdom.
679
00:40:43,750 --> 00:40:46,292
How could this man who
saw so much be so blind?
680
00:40:56,125 --> 00:40:57,125
Kitty?
681
00:41:02,250 --> 00:41:03,250
Kitty?
682
00:41:04,792 --> 00:41:05,792
Kitty.
683
00:41:06,167 --> 00:41:07,167
The project.
684
00:41:08,125 --> 00:41:09,125
I'm in.
685
00:41:10,208 --> 00:41:12,333
I'm in!
-Let's celebrate.
686
00:41:18,458 --> 00:41:19,667
Shouldn't you go to him?
687
00:41:24,750 --> 00:41:27,833
I have been going to him all fucking day.
688
00:41:53,667 --> 00:41:55,292
I don't know how to say this.
689
00:41:56,836 --> 00:41:57,958
I'm ashamed to ask.
690
00:41:58,708 --> 00:41:59,708
Anything.
691
00:42:00,618 --> 00:42:02,333
Take Peter.
-Sure.
692
00:42:02,500 --> 00:42:04,500
No, for a while, Haak.
693
00:42:05,250 --> 00:42:06,249
A while.
694
00:42:08,500 --> 00:42:11,542
Does Kitty know you're here?
-Yes, of course she knows.
695
00:42:12,667 --> 00:42:13,792
Of course she knows.
696
00:42:14,916 --> 00:42:17,235
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
697
00:42:19,833 --> 00:42:20,834
Forget I asked.
698
00:42:20,878 --> 00:42:22,894
Selfish, awful people,
699
00:42:22,938 --> 00:42:25,500
they don't know they're selfish and awful.
700
00:42:26,099 --> 00:42:27,333
Sit, sit, sit.
701
00:42:28,917 --> 00:42:32,833
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
702
00:42:34,621 --> 00:42:36,542
There is a price to be paid for that.
703
00:42:37,208 --> 00:42:38,375
Of course we'll help you.
704
00:42:49,750 --> 00:42:51,500
Everything's changing, Robert.
705
00:42:52,208 --> 00:42:53,917
Having a child was
always going to change...
706
00:42:53,958 --> 00:42:57,458
No, the world is pivoting
in some new direction.
707
00:42:58,625 --> 00:42:59,708
Reforming.
708
00:43:02,250 --> 00:43:03,333
This is your moment.
709
00:43:05,253 --> 00:43:08,292
We're putting together a group to study...
-We shouldn't be doing anything.
710
00:43:08,635 --> 00:43:09,624
You should.
711
00:43:10,437 --> 00:43:12,083
Lawrence won't get this done.
712
00:43:12,667 --> 00:43:14,500
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
713
00:43:24,042 --> 00:43:25,167
Who are the uniforms?
714
00:43:26,542 --> 00:43:27,542
I thought you might know.
715
00:43:30,182 --> 00:43:31,166
Dr. Oppenheimer.
716
00:43:32,625 --> 00:43:35,917
I'm Colonel Groves. This is
Lieutenant Colonel Nichols.
717
00:43:36,167 --> 00:43:37,165
Have that dry cleaned.
718
00:43:43,046 --> 00:43:45,500
Well, if that's how you treat
a lieutenant colonel,
719
00:43:45,542 --> 00:43:48,917
I'd hate to see how you treat a...
humble physicist.
720
00:43:48,958 --> 00:43:50,833
If I ever meet one, I'll let you know.
721
00:43:51,833 --> 00:43:54,417
Ouch.
-Theaters of combat all over the world,
722
00:43:54,458 --> 00:43:56,042
but I have to stay in Washington.
723
00:43:56,833 --> 00:43:58,952
Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
724
00:43:58,996 --> 00:44:00,208
The brass likes it so much,
725
00:44:00,250 --> 00:44:03,417
they made me take over
the Manhattan Engineer District.
726
00:44:04,239 --> 00:44:06,958
Which is?
-Don't be a smartass.
727
00:44:07,208 --> 00:44:08,318
You know damn well what it is.
728
00:44:08,362 --> 00:44:10,879
You and half of every physics
department across the country.
729
00:44:10,923 --> 00:44:12,167
That's problem number one.
730
00:44:12,958 --> 00:44:15,917
I thought problem number one
would be securing enough uranium ore.
731
00:44:16,250 --> 00:44:19,542
1,200 tons, bought the day I took charge.
-Processing?
732
00:44:19,833 --> 00:44:21,792
Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
733
00:44:23,155 --> 00:44:24,792
Now I'm looking for a project director.
734
00:44:25,708 --> 00:44:26,792
And my name came up?
735
00:44:27,292 --> 00:44:28,292
Nope.
736
00:44:29,125 --> 00:44:32,625
Even though you brought quantum physics
to America, which made me curious.
737
00:44:33,333 --> 00:44:34,417
What have you found out?
738
00:44:35,786 --> 00:44:39,542
You're a dilettante, a womanizer,
a suspected communist.
739
00:44:39,583 --> 00:44:42,208
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
-I said "suspected".
740
00:44:42,708 --> 00:44:46,815
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic.
741
00:44:46,859 --> 00:44:47,876
Nothing good, no?
742
00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:49,826
Not even "he's brilliant, but..."
743
00:44:49,850 --> 00:44:52,458
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted in your circle, so no.
744
00:44:53,208 --> 00:44:56,083
No, the only person who had anything
good to say was Richard Tolman.
745
00:44:56,958 --> 00:44:58,667
Tolman thinks you have integrity,
746
00:44:58,917 --> 00:45:03,333
but he also strikes me as a guy who
knows more about science than people.
747
00:45:03,833 --> 00:45:04,834
Yet here you are.
748
00:45:05,872 --> 00:45:07,333
You don't take much on trust.
749
00:45:07,542 --> 00:45:09,000
I don't take anything on trust.
750
00:45:13,168 --> 00:45:14,500
Why don't you have a Nobel Prize?
751
00:45:14,849 --> 00:45:17,008
Why aren't you a general?
-They're making me one for this.
752
00:45:17,083 --> 00:45:18,488
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
753
00:45:18,490 --> 00:45:20,027
The Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
754
00:45:20,071 --> 00:45:21,917
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
755
00:45:24,973 --> 00:45:26,042
So how would you proceed?
756
00:45:28,145 --> 00:45:32,627
You're talking about turning theory
into a practical weapon system
757
00:45:32,875 --> 00:45:35,917
faster than the Nazis.
-Who have a 12-month head start.
758
00:45:36,083 --> 00:45:38,083
18.
-How could you possibly know that?
759
00:45:38,375 --> 00:45:40,570
Our fast neutron research took six months.
760
00:45:40,614 --> 00:45:43,572
The man they've undoubtedly put in charge
will have made that leap instantly.
761
00:45:43,616 --> 00:45:45,756
Who do you think they put in charge?
-Werner Heisenberg.
762
00:45:45,958 --> 00:45:50,083
He has the most intuitive understanding
of atomic structure I have ever seen.
763
00:45:50,261 --> 00:45:51,792
You know his work?
-I know him,
764
00:45:52,083 --> 00:45:54,420
just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsäcker, Diebner.
765
00:45:54,464 --> 00:45:56,000
In a straight race, the Germans win.
766
00:45:56,846 --> 00:45:58,500
We've got one hope.
-Which is?
767
00:45:59,958 --> 00:46:00,959
Antisemitism.
768
00:46:03,042 --> 00:46:04,000
What?
769
00:46:04,028 --> 00:46:06,667
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science".
770
00:46:06,708 --> 00:46:08,042
Said it right to Einstein's face.
771
00:46:08,083 --> 00:46:11,583
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so blinded by hate
772
00:46:11,625 --> 00:46:13,667
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
773
00:46:13,708 --> 00:46:15,458
because it'll take vast resources.
774
00:46:15,583 --> 00:46:18,292
Our nation's best scientists working
together. Right now, they're scattered.
775
00:46:18,391 --> 00:46:20,042
Which gives us compartmentalization.
776
00:46:20,333 --> 00:46:23,308
All minds have to see the whole task
to contribute efficiently.
777
00:46:23,352 --> 00:46:25,583
Poor security may cost us the race.
778
00:46:25,625 --> 00:46:26,792
Inefficiency will.
779
00:46:27,701 --> 00:46:29,167
The Germans know more than us anyway.
780
00:46:29,643 --> 00:46:30,792
The Russians don't.
781
00:46:32,525 --> 00:46:35,375
Remind me, who are we at war with?
782
00:46:35,958 --> 00:46:38,792
Somebody with your past doesn't
want to be seen downplaying
783
00:46:38,833 --> 00:46:42,167
the importance of security
from our communist allies.
784
00:46:43,250 --> 00:46:45,375
Point taken, but... no.
785
00:46:45,796 --> 00:46:47,125
You don't get to say no to me.
786
00:46:47,292 --> 00:46:49,375
It's my job to say no to you
when you're wrong.
787
00:46:50,292 --> 00:46:51,667
So you have the job now?
788
00:46:51,750 --> 00:46:53,250
Uh, I'm considering it.
789
00:46:56,581 --> 00:46:58,583
I'm starting to see where
you got your reputation.
790
00:47:00,250 --> 00:47:01,458
My favorite response:
791
00:47:02,583 --> 00:47:04,708
"Oppenheimer couldn't run
a hamburger stand."
792
00:47:06,667 --> 00:47:07,667
I couldn't.
793
00:47:09,833 --> 00:47:11,667
But I can run the Manhattan Project.
794
00:47:13,198 --> 00:47:14,792
There's a way to balance these things.
795
00:47:15,839 --> 00:47:18,833
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley, under Lawrence.
796
00:47:19,292 --> 00:47:21,333
Met Lab in Chicago, under Szilard.
797
00:47:21,542 --> 00:47:23,500
Large-scale refining, where
did you say, Tennessee?
798
00:47:23,917 --> 00:47:25,292
And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
799
00:47:25,625 --> 00:47:29,042
All America's industrial-minded
scientific innovation,
800
00:47:29,375 --> 00:47:32,542
connected by rail, focused on one goal,
801
00:47:32,792 --> 00:47:34,250
one point in space and time.
802
00:47:34,500 --> 00:47:37,106
And it comes together here,
a secret laboratory.
803
00:47:37,150 --> 00:47:39,447
In the middle of nowhere,
secure, self-sufficient.
804
00:47:39,491 --> 00:47:40,917
Equipment, housing, the works.
805
00:47:41,032 --> 00:47:42,333
Keep everyone there until it's done.
806
00:47:43,341 --> 00:47:46,042
We'll need a school, stores, a church.
-Why?
807
00:47:46,333 --> 00:47:49,125
If we don't let scientists bring their
families, we'll never get the best.
808
00:47:49,363 --> 00:47:52,000
You want security,
build a town. Build it fast.
809
00:47:52,344 --> 00:47:53,333
Where?
810
00:47:57,333 --> 00:47:58,667
Welcome to Los Alamos.
811
00:47:59,367 --> 00:48:01,458
There's a boys' school
we'll have to commandeer,
812
00:48:01,500 --> 00:48:03,458
and the local Indians
come up here for burial rites,
813
00:48:03,500 --> 00:48:05,265
but apart from that, nothing.
814
00:48:05,309 --> 00:48:06,792
40 miles. Any direction.
815
00:48:07,042 --> 00:48:08,375
We'll have to find the perfect spot.
816
00:48:09,130 --> 00:48:10,917
For?
-Success.
817
00:48:16,643 --> 00:48:18,500
Build him a town. Fast.
818
00:48:20,417 --> 00:48:21,833
Let's go recruit some scientists.
819
00:48:22,875 --> 00:48:24,250
Why would I leave my family?
820
00:48:24,292 --> 00:48:26,042
I told you, you can bring your family.
821
00:48:26,125 --> 00:48:28,250
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
-A soldier?
822
00:48:28,833 --> 00:48:31,125
He's a general. I've got
all the soldier I need.
823
00:48:31,766 --> 00:48:32,791
What can I tell them?
824
00:48:33,526 --> 00:48:36,792
Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe and Bohr.
What do these men have in common?
825
00:48:36,958 --> 00:48:39,667
Uh, the greatest minds on atomic theory.
-Yes, and?
826
00:48:40,833 --> 00:48:41,834
As much as you like.
827
00:48:43,542 --> 00:48:45,042
Until you feel my boot on your balls.
828
00:48:46,368 --> 00:48:49,875
You know isotopes, and you know explosives
better than anyone in the world.
829
00:48:50,190 --> 00:48:51,458
But you can't tell us what you're doing.
830
00:48:55,667 --> 00:48:57,208
I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
831
00:48:57,831 --> 00:48:58,890
Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
832
00:48:58,917 --> 00:49:01,917
Under Nazi occupation. Did they stop
printing newspapers in Princeton?
833
00:49:02,175 --> 00:49:05,750
Why would we go to the middle of nowhere
for who knows how long?
834
00:49:05,792 --> 00:49:07,458
For a year or two. Or three.
835
00:49:09,083 --> 00:49:12,000
General, could you... give us a moment?
836
00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:15,792
It's about unleashing a strong force.
837
00:49:17,547 --> 00:49:18,833
Before the Nazis do.
838
00:49:19,750 --> 00:49:20,750
Oh my god.
839
00:49:21,250 --> 00:49:23,208
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
-No, never.
840
00:49:23,333 --> 00:49:25,208
But while they have him, we don't.
841
00:49:25,708 --> 00:49:26,750
That's why I need you.
842
00:49:27,125 --> 00:49:28,708
Why would you think I'd do that?
843
00:49:29,000 --> 00:49:30,375
Why? Why?
844
00:49:31,099 --> 00:49:33,208
How about because this is
the most important fucking thing
845
00:49:33,250 --> 00:49:35,125
to ever happen in the
history of the world?
846
00:49:35,333 --> 00:49:36,335
How about that?
847
00:49:37,250 --> 00:49:38,251
Fuck.
848
00:49:43,169 --> 00:49:45,042
They're not gonna let me
onto this project.
849
00:49:46,248 --> 00:49:47,250
And failing a security check
850
00:49:47,292 --> 00:49:49,708
is not going to be good
for a career even after the war.
851
00:49:49,875 --> 00:49:52,167
So you're a fellow traveler. So what?
852
00:49:52,494 --> 00:49:54,193
This is a national emergency.
853
00:49:54,250 --> 00:49:56,667
I've got some skeletons.
They put me in charge.
854
00:49:57,250 --> 00:49:58,249
They need us.
855
00:49:58,708 --> 00:49:59,708
Until they don't.
856
00:50:04,083 --> 00:50:06,125
Is there any chance
of getting Bohr out of Denmark?
857
00:50:06,246 --> 00:50:08,958
Yeah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
858
00:50:09,629 --> 00:50:12,583
Until we get Allied boots back onto
the continent, there's just no way.
859
00:50:14,681 --> 00:50:15,792
Is he that important?
860
00:50:15,833 --> 00:50:18,750
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
861
00:50:20,306 --> 00:50:22,375
You know, it really would be
quicker to take a plane.
862
00:50:22,458 --> 00:50:23,500
A plane's too risky.
863
00:50:24,083 --> 00:50:25,083
The country needs us.
864
00:50:28,750 --> 00:50:29,750
What happened, guys?
865
00:50:29,794 --> 00:50:31,958
They say the building's
too small for this cyclotron.
866
00:50:34,792 --> 00:50:36,208
Get them together with the architects.
867
00:50:39,962 --> 00:50:41,375
When's this place supposed to open?
868
00:50:44,704 --> 00:50:45,710
Two months.
869
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:50,167
Robert, you're the great
improviser, but this...
870
00:50:51,250 --> 00:50:52,583
you can't do in your head.
871
00:50:54,042 --> 00:50:55,083
Four divisions.
872
00:50:56,458 --> 00:51:00,042
Experimental, theoretical, metallurgical.
873
00:51:00,155 --> 00:51:01,417
Who's running theoretical?
874
00:51:01,458 --> 00:51:02,459
I am.
875
00:51:02,636 --> 00:51:05,250
That's what I was afraid of.
You're spread too thin.
876
00:51:06,792 --> 00:51:08,042
So you take theoretical.
877
00:51:11,208 --> 00:51:13,709
I'm not coming here, Robert.
878
00:51:20,000 --> 00:51:21,002
Why not?
879
00:51:27,750 --> 00:51:31,208
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
880
00:51:32,833 --> 00:51:35,458
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
881
00:51:35,500 --> 00:51:37,125
to be a weapon of mass destruction.
882
00:51:47,250 --> 00:51:48,251
Izzy...
883
00:51:49,208 --> 00:51:53,333
I don't know if we can be trusted
with such a weapon.
884
00:51:55,167 --> 00:51:57,958
But I know the Nazis can't.
885
00:52:02,167 --> 00:52:03,208
We have no choice.
886
00:52:06,167 --> 00:52:07,168
Then...
887
00:52:09,042 --> 00:52:10,250
The second thing you have to do
888
00:52:10,292 --> 00:52:13,375
is appoint Hans Bethe
to run the theoretical division.
889
00:52:15,835 --> 00:52:17,625
Wait, what was the first?
890
00:52:17,917 --> 00:52:19,833
Take off that ridiculous uniform.
891
00:52:20,296 --> 00:52:21,417
You're a scientist.
892
00:52:21,697 --> 00:52:23,167
Groves is insisting we join.
893
00:52:23,497 --> 00:52:25,208
Tell Groves to go shit in his hat.
894
00:52:25,791 --> 00:52:27,125
They need us for who we are.
895
00:52:27,453 --> 00:52:28,459
So be yourself.
896
00:52:29,458 --> 00:52:30,460
Only better.
897
00:53:10,583 --> 00:53:11,667
This is the only key.
898
00:53:12,250 --> 00:53:14,167
And Teller's already here.
899
00:53:14,500 --> 00:53:16,863
Shall I just show him in?
-No, let's wait for the others.
900
00:53:25,083 --> 00:53:26,084
Let's get started.
901
00:53:26,750 --> 00:53:29,208
Hello, Edward.
-Yes.
902
00:53:29,375 --> 00:53:31,690
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
903
00:53:31,714 --> 00:53:34,792
until the T Section
at Los Alamos is finished.
904
00:53:34,833 --> 00:53:36,583
Edward, can I...?
-This is more important.
905
00:53:39,083 --> 00:53:42,917
When I calculated the chain reaction,
I found a rather troubling possibility.
906
00:53:44,208 --> 00:53:46,792
No, this can't be right.
907
00:53:47,708 --> 00:53:49,167
Show me how you did your calculations.
908
00:53:49,467 --> 00:53:50,460
Yes.
909
00:53:54,167 --> 00:53:57,250
Exponential.
-No, no, no. No.
910
00:54:00,708 --> 00:54:01,750
This is fantasy.
911
00:54:02,500 --> 00:54:03,958
Teller's calculations can't be right.
912
00:54:04,958 --> 00:54:06,833
Do them yourself while I go to Princeton.
913
00:54:07,276 --> 00:54:09,253
What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
914
00:54:09,297 --> 00:54:11,417
Well, there's not much
common ground between the two.
915
00:54:11,625 --> 00:54:13,000
That's why I should get his view.
916
00:54:18,458 --> 00:54:19,625
Albert.
-Hmm?
917
00:54:20,208 --> 00:54:22,375
Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer.
918
00:54:22,917 --> 00:54:24,292
Have you met Dr. Gödel?
919
00:54:24,666 --> 00:54:26,250
We walk here most days.
920
00:54:26,583 --> 00:54:30,250
Trees have the most inspiring structures.
921
00:54:30,917 --> 00:54:32,708
Albert, might I have a word?
922
00:54:33,250 --> 00:54:35,000
Of course. Excuse me, Kurt.
923
00:54:37,042 --> 00:54:39,583
Some days Kurt refuses to eat.
924
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:44,375
Even in Princeton, he's convinced
that the Nazis can poison his food.
925
00:54:55,860 --> 00:54:58,375
Whose, whose work is this?
926
00:54:58,792 --> 00:54:59,793
Teller's.
927
00:55:01,071 --> 00:55:02,708
What do you take it to mean?
928
00:55:03,572 --> 00:55:05,375
Neutrons smash into the nucleus,
929
00:55:05,417 --> 00:55:08,667
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
930
00:55:09,583 --> 00:55:10,585
Criticality.
931
00:55:10,773 --> 00:55:13,125
Point of no return.
Massive explosive force.
932
00:55:13,433 --> 00:55:15,792
But this time, the chain
reaction doesn't stop.
933
00:55:16,750 --> 00:55:18,833
It would ignite the atmosphere.
934
00:55:20,958 --> 00:55:24,917
When we detonate an atomic device,
we might start a chain reaction that...
935
00:55:26,083 --> 00:55:27,210
destroys the world.
936
00:55:28,583 --> 00:55:29,875
So here we are, hmm?
937
00:55:30,333 --> 00:55:34,208
Lost in your quantum
world of probabilities,
938
00:55:34,667 --> 00:55:36,208
and needing certainty.
939
00:55:37,083 --> 00:55:38,958
Can you run the calculations yourself?
940
00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:42,333
About the only thing
you and I have in common
941
00:55:42,375 --> 00:55:44,417
is a disdain for mathematics.
942
00:55:44,583 --> 00:55:46,708
Who's working on this in Berkeley?
943
00:55:46,794 --> 00:55:47,792
Hans Bethe.
944
00:55:47,833 --> 00:55:49,667
Well, he'll get to the truth.
945
00:55:51,708 --> 00:55:53,542
And if the truth is catastrophic?
946
00:55:54,500 --> 00:55:58,667
Then you stop, and you share
your findings with the Nazis.
947
00:55:59,661 --> 00:56:01,875
So neither side destroys the world.
948
00:56:05,833 --> 00:56:06,840
Robert.
949
00:56:08,418 --> 00:56:10,375
This is yours, not mine.
950
00:56:24,458 --> 00:56:25,458
Teller's wrong.
951
00:56:26,153 --> 00:56:27,168
He's wrong.
952
00:56:36,997 --> 00:56:40,833
When you know Teller's critical
assumptions, the real picture emerges.
953
00:56:40,938 --> 00:56:41,958
Bottom line?
954
00:56:42,833 --> 00:56:45,667
The chances of an out-of-control
nuclear reaction are near-zero.
955
00:56:45,900 --> 00:56:47,000
Near-zero.
956
00:56:48,625 --> 00:56:50,000
Oppie, this is good news.
957
00:56:50,083 --> 00:56:51,086
Mm-hmm.
958
00:56:52,263 --> 00:56:53,251
Can you run them again?
959
00:56:53,331 --> 00:56:54,667
Oh, you'll get the same answer.
960
00:56:55,232 --> 00:56:56,875
Until they actually detonate
one of these things,
961
00:56:56,917 --> 00:56:58,625
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
962
00:56:59,458 --> 00:57:00,458
Near-zero.
963
00:57:03,975 --> 00:57:05,750
Theory will take you only so far.
964
00:57:06,500 --> 00:57:08,292
Hello!
-Hi.
965
00:57:08,456 --> 00:57:09,459
We missed him.
966
00:57:09,837 --> 00:57:10,835
You want to adopt?
967
00:57:11,057 --> 00:57:12,043
She's kidding.
968
00:57:12,098 --> 00:57:13,875
We wanted to see you before we left.
969
00:57:14,498 --> 00:57:16,833
For parts unknown.
970
00:57:18,040 --> 00:57:19,708
You know who I ran into the other day?
971
00:57:20,292 --> 00:57:21,293
Eltenton.
972
00:57:23,208 --> 00:57:25,458
That chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
973
00:57:25,642 --> 00:57:28,167
Yeah, the FAECT guy.
974
00:57:29,563 --> 00:57:31,625
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
975
00:57:32,805 --> 00:57:33,793
How so?
976
00:57:34,485 --> 00:57:36,708
Lack of cooperation with our allies.
977
00:57:37,333 --> 00:57:41,250
Apparently, our government's not sharing
any research with the Russians.
978
00:57:41,958 --> 00:57:45,458
He said most scientists
think the policy is stupid.
979
00:57:48,833 --> 00:57:50,542
Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
980
00:57:51,348 --> 00:57:55,083
He mentioned that if anyone had
anything they wanted to pass on,
981
00:57:56,208 --> 00:57:59,542
going around official channels,
that he could help.
982
00:58:08,375 --> 00:58:09,542
That would be treason.
983
00:58:10,882 --> 00:58:11,958
Yes, of course.
984
00:58:13,083 --> 00:58:14,292
I just thought you should know.
985
00:58:17,286 --> 00:58:18,875
The brat is down.
986
00:58:19,447 --> 00:58:20,460
Where are the martinis?
987
00:58:25,917 --> 00:58:26,918
Coming right up.
988
00:58:27,458 --> 00:58:29,167
The conversation ended there.
989
00:58:29,458 --> 00:58:32,458
Nothing in our long-standing friendship
would have led me to believe
990
00:58:32,500 --> 00:58:35,417
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
991
00:58:35,543 --> 00:58:39,792
and I am certain that he had no idea
of the work in which I was engaged.
992
00:58:44,875 --> 00:58:49,208
It has long been clear to me that I should
have reported this incident at once.
993
00:58:49,733 --> 00:58:52,333
The Oppenheimer situation
highlights the tension
994
00:58:52,375 --> 00:58:55,583
between scientists
and the security apparatus.
995
00:58:55,876 --> 00:58:58,250
In hopes of learning how
the nominee handled such issues
996
00:58:58,292 --> 00:59:00,042
during his time at the AEC,
997
00:59:00,400 --> 00:59:03,000
we'll have a scientist appearing
before the committee.
998
00:59:04,322 --> 00:59:05,375
Who are they bringing in?
999
00:59:05,623 --> 00:59:06,626
They hadn't said.
1000
00:59:06,863 --> 00:59:10,750
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
I'm nominated for Commerce Secretary.
1001
00:59:10,866 --> 00:59:13,083
Why seek the opinion of scientists?
1002
00:59:13,528 --> 00:59:15,292
This is a cabinet post, Admiral.
1003
00:59:15,329 --> 00:59:18,167
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1004
00:59:18,208 --> 00:59:20,458
I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1005
00:59:20,500 --> 00:59:22,083
I'd like the chance to cross-examine.
1006
00:59:22,583 --> 00:59:23,750
This is not a court.
1007
00:59:55,625 --> 00:59:56,626
Formality, huh?
1008
00:59:56,667 --> 01:00:00,709
No presidential cabinet nominee
has failed to be confirmed since 1925.
1009
01:00:00,875 --> 01:00:02,625
This is just how the game is played.
1010
01:00:02,667 --> 01:00:04,959
It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice.
1011
01:00:05,542 --> 01:00:07,042
They bring in a scientist, so what?
1012
01:00:07,500 --> 01:00:09,625
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1013
01:00:09,667 --> 01:00:11,834
They resent anyone who
questions their judgment,
1014
01:00:11,875 --> 01:00:13,335
especially if you're not one of them.
1015
01:00:13,625 --> 01:00:14,959
I was chair of the AEC.
1016
01:00:15,167 --> 01:00:17,250
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1017
01:00:17,292 --> 01:00:18,584
We can't have the Senate thinking
1018
01:00:18,625 --> 01:00:21,000
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1019
01:00:22,292 --> 01:00:23,375
Or should we pivot?
1020
01:00:24,000 --> 01:00:25,375
To what?
-And embrace it.
1021
01:00:26,417 --> 01:00:28,417
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1022
01:00:28,709 --> 01:00:30,250
I don't think we need to go there.
1023
01:00:30,292 --> 01:00:32,625
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1024
01:00:32,667 --> 01:00:34,250
Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
1025
01:00:34,375 --> 01:00:36,167
Can you get the name
of the scientist they've called?
1026
01:00:36,250 --> 01:00:38,667
Probably.
-Find out if he was based in Chicago
1027
01:00:38,917 --> 01:00:40,334
or Los Alamos during the war.
1028
01:00:40,542 --> 01:00:41,375
Why does that matter?
1029
01:00:41,459 --> 01:00:44,125
Well, if he was based in Chicago,
they worked under Szilard and Fermi,
1030
01:00:44,167 --> 01:00:46,125
not the cult to Bobby in Los Alamos.
1031
01:00:46,602 --> 01:00:49,625
Robert built that damn place.
He was founder, mayor, sheriff.
1032
01:00:50,459 --> 01:00:51,662
All rolled into one.
1033
01:01:04,375 --> 01:01:06,084
Now all it needs is a saloon.
1034
01:01:35,875 --> 01:01:36,916
There's no kitchen.
1035
01:01:38,377 --> 01:01:40,500
Really? We'll fix that.
1036
01:01:47,625 --> 01:01:49,792
Barbed wire? Guns?
1037
01:01:50,875 --> 01:01:53,250
Oppie...
-We're at war, Hans.
1038
01:01:56,120 --> 01:01:57,120
Halifax.
1039
01:01:57,584 --> 01:01:58,667
1917.
1040
01:01:58,792 --> 01:02:01,500
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1041
01:02:04,125 --> 01:02:06,875
A vast and sudden chemical reaction.
1042
01:02:10,667 --> 01:02:13,209
The biggest man-made explosion in history.
1043
01:02:14,113 --> 01:02:16,875
Now, let's calculate how much more
destructive it would have been
1044
01:02:16,917 --> 01:02:19,912
if it were a nuclear and
not a chemical reaction,
1045
01:02:20,500 --> 01:02:23,167
expressing power in terms of tons of TNT.
1046
01:02:23,638 --> 01:02:25,000
But it will be thousands.
1047
01:02:25,500 --> 01:02:28,250
Well, then, kilotons.
1048
01:02:32,167 --> 01:02:34,584
Using U-235,
1049
01:02:35,459 --> 01:02:36,875
the bomb will need a...
-Uh...
1050
01:02:37,828 --> 01:02:41,084
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
1051
01:02:41,294 --> 01:02:42,542
about this size,
1052
01:02:42,703 --> 01:02:46,042
or using plutonium, a ten-pound sphere.
1053
01:02:47,962 --> 01:02:51,917
Here's the amount of uranium
Oak Ridge refined all of last month.
1054
01:02:55,959 --> 01:02:58,662
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1055
01:03:00,984 --> 01:03:04,792
Now, if we can enrich these amounts,
we need a way to detonate them.
1056
01:03:05,917 --> 01:03:07,125
Are we boring you, Edward?
1057
01:03:08,203 --> 01:03:09,334
A little bit, yes.
1058
01:03:09,667 --> 01:03:10,834
May I ask why?
1059
01:03:11,084 --> 01:03:14,334
We all entered this room
knowing a fission bomb was possible.
1060
01:03:15,154 --> 01:03:16,875
How about we leave it with something new?
1061
01:03:17,215 --> 01:03:18,210
Such as?
1062
01:03:18,500 --> 01:03:22,042
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
we use hydrogen.
1063
01:03:23,179 --> 01:03:25,792
Heavy hydrogen. Deuterium.
1064
01:03:26,857 --> 01:03:29,209
You see, we compact the atoms together
1065
01:03:29,250 --> 01:03:32,417
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
1066
01:03:33,667 --> 01:03:37,542
Then we'll get not kilotons, but megatons.
1067
01:03:38,500 --> 01:03:39,917
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1068
01:03:40,453 --> 01:03:44,292
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1069
01:03:45,500 --> 01:03:46,667
A small fission bomb.
1070
01:03:47,584 --> 01:03:48,710
There we are!
1071
01:03:50,824 --> 01:03:52,625
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1072
01:03:52,667 --> 01:03:54,167
can we get back to the business at hand?
1073
01:03:54,417 --> 01:03:57,625
The isotopes issue
wasn't your most important
1074
01:03:57,959 --> 01:04:00,750
policy disagreement
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1075
01:04:00,804 --> 01:04:03,223
It was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it?
1076
01:04:03,375 --> 01:04:08,125
As colleagues, we agreed to disagree
on a great many things, uh...
1077
01:04:08,500 --> 01:04:12,209
And one of them was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1078
01:04:25,875 --> 01:04:28,453
Thanks for convening on short notice.
1079
01:04:28,703 --> 01:04:29,745
I can't believe it.
1080
01:04:31,125 --> 01:04:34,375
But here we are. Catch me up.
What do we know?
1081
01:04:34,584 --> 01:04:38,584
One of our B-29s over the North
Pacific has detected radiation.
1082
01:04:38,998 --> 01:04:41,542
Do we have the filter papers?
-There's no doubt what this is.
1083
01:04:42,031 --> 01:04:44,917
White House says there's a doubt.
-Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1084
01:04:44,959 --> 01:04:47,792
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1085
01:04:48,609 --> 01:04:49,917
It's an atomic test.
1086
01:04:53,584 --> 01:04:54,834
The Russians have a bomb.
1087
01:04:55,375 --> 01:04:58,000
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but this...
1088
01:04:58,792 --> 01:05:02,040
What were you guys doing in Los Alamos?
Wasn't security tight?
1089
01:05:02,126 --> 01:05:04,750
Of course it was. You weren't there.
-Forgive me, Doctor.
1090
01:05:07,042 --> 01:05:08,043
But I was there.
1091
01:05:09,375 --> 01:05:12,584
We can now consider the
actual mechanics of detonation.
1092
01:05:12,917 --> 01:05:15,500
Any ideas?
-I call this shooting.
1093
01:05:15,542 --> 01:05:19,417
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1094
01:05:19,459 --> 01:05:21,500
with enough
force to achieve criticality.
1095
01:05:22,417 --> 01:05:25,133
What do we think? Anyone?
-I've been thinking about implosion.
1096
01:05:25,542 --> 01:05:28,625
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards, crushing the material.
1097
01:05:29,667 --> 01:05:32,584
I'd like to investigate that idea.
-I'll talk to ordnance.
1098
01:05:32,667 --> 01:05:33,750
Get you blowing things up.
1099
01:05:35,000 --> 01:05:36,828
Progress?
-Nice to see you too.
1100
01:05:37,834 --> 01:05:39,125
Meet the British contingent.
1101
01:05:39,459 --> 01:05:41,500
Dr. Oppenheimer. Klaus Fuchs.
1102
01:05:41,834 --> 01:05:44,667
How long have you been British?
-Since Hitler told me I wasn't German.
1103
01:05:44,959 --> 01:05:47,667
Ah. Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1104
01:05:48,709 --> 01:05:49,834
The school's up and running.
1105
01:05:50,240 --> 01:05:52,334
The bar.
-Always running.
1106
01:05:53,459 --> 01:05:55,500
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1107
01:05:57,084 --> 01:05:58,792
Is that...?
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
1108
01:05:58,962 --> 01:06:02,250
I've offered jobs to all the wives,
admin, librarians, computation.
1109
01:06:02,375 --> 01:06:04,334
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1110
01:06:04,584 --> 01:06:06,500
Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
1111
01:06:06,542 --> 01:06:08,709
These are some of the
brightest minds in our community.
1112
01:06:08,750 --> 01:06:10,167
And they're already security cleared.
1113
01:06:10,959 --> 01:06:13,038
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding cross-divisional
1114
01:06:13,062 --> 01:06:15,625
open discussions on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
1115
01:06:16,042 --> 01:06:17,667
Compartmentalization is the key
1116
01:06:17,875 --> 01:06:19,500
to maintaining security...
-Only the top men.
1117
01:06:19,542 --> 01:06:21,500
Who presumably
communicate with subordinates.
1118
01:06:21,549 --> 01:06:23,384
These men aren't stupid.
They can be discreet.
1119
01:06:23,667 --> 01:06:25,375
I don't like it.
-You don't like anything enough
1120
01:06:25,417 --> 01:06:26,750
for that to be a fair test.
1121
01:06:33,125 --> 01:06:35,250
Once a week. Top men only.
1122
01:06:35,833 --> 01:06:37,584
I'd like to bring my brother here.
-No.
1123
01:06:39,709 --> 01:06:40,708
Nichols?
1124
01:06:42,334 --> 01:06:44,875
I still haven't heard that my security
clearance has been approved.
1125
01:06:44,959 --> 01:06:46,834
It hasn't.
-I'm going to Chicago tomorrow.
1126
01:06:47,125 --> 01:06:48,126
Well, you should wait.
1127
01:06:48,792 --> 01:06:51,125
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start?
1128
01:06:51,370 --> 01:06:53,250
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1129
01:06:53,292 --> 01:06:55,345
is proving difficult
to obtain is not my fault.
1130
01:06:55,667 --> 01:06:56,649
It's yours.
1131
01:06:56,709 --> 01:06:59,473
It may not be your fault, but it's
your problem. Because I'm going.
1132
01:07:00,375 --> 01:07:02,375
And how many people were in these, uh...
1133
01:07:03,167 --> 01:07:05,167
open discussions?
1134
01:07:05,250 --> 01:07:07,623
Too many. Compartmentalization
was supposed to be the protocol.
1135
01:07:07,662 --> 01:07:09,084
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1136
01:07:09,125 --> 01:07:11,459
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
1137
01:07:11,500 --> 01:07:16,042
Not unless we start it.
-Robert, they just fired the starting gun.
1138
01:07:16,709 --> 01:07:18,553
What's the nature of the
device they detonated?
1139
01:07:19,084 --> 01:07:22,584
Data indicates it may have been
a plutonium implosion device.
1140
01:07:22,625 --> 01:07:25,123
Like the one you built at Los Alamos.
1141
01:07:25,750 --> 01:07:26,812
The Russians have a bomb.
1142
01:07:27,459 --> 01:07:30,709
Truman needs to know what's next.
-What's next? Arms talks.
1143
01:07:30,959 --> 01:07:32,084
Arms talks?
-Obviously.
1144
01:07:33,500 --> 01:07:36,250
What about the Super?
Does Truman even know about it?
1145
01:07:36,292 --> 01:07:37,659
Did we brief him on that?
1146
01:07:38,250 --> 01:07:39,300
Not specifically.
1147
01:07:39,584 --> 01:07:42,386
We still don't know if a hydrogen
bomb is technically feasible.
1148
01:07:42,459 --> 01:07:44,792
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it.
1149
01:07:44,834 --> 01:07:45,959
Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
1150
01:07:46,000 --> 01:07:48,292
Teller's designs have
always been wildly impractical.
1151
01:07:48,334 --> 01:07:51,334
You'd have to deliver
by oxcart, not airplane.
1152
01:07:51,667 --> 01:07:53,375
Oppie!
-I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
1153
01:07:53,417 --> 01:07:54,709
do you want to comment?
1154
01:07:56,542 --> 01:07:57,544
No.
1155
01:07:59,542 --> 01:08:01,584
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1156
01:08:02,147 --> 01:08:06,625
the President of the United States
needs to know about it.
1157
01:08:08,709 --> 01:08:11,500
And if the Russians know
about it already from a spy,
1158
01:08:11,702 --> 01:08:14,694
at Los Alamos, then
we've got to get going.
1159
01:08:14,740 --> 01:08:17,319
There's no proof there
was a spy at Los Alamos.
1160
01:08:17,667 --> 01:08:18,667
Robert.
1161
01:08:23,709 --> 01:08:25,084
They put it under the football stadium?
1162
01:08:25,500 --> 01:08:26,792
The field's not in use anymore.
1163
01:08:27,417 --> 01:08:28,463
Just as well.
1164
01:08:31,500 --> 01:08:33,250
Oppie!
-Dr. Fermi.
1165
01:08:36,250 --> 01:08:38,959
I hear you've got a little town.
-Yes, come and see.
1166
01:08:40,375 --> 01:08:43,417
Who could think straight
in a place like that, huh?
1167
01:08:44,625 --> 01:08:46,125
Everybody will go crazy.
1168
01:08:47,417 --> 01:08:49,459
Thank you the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1169
01:08:50,917 --> 01:08:53,417
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1170
01:08:54,560 --> 01:08:55,920
Are you gonna try it out?
1171
01:08:56,584 --> 01:08:57,584
We did.
1172
01:08:58,125 --> 01:09:01,167
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1173
01:09:02,167 --> 01:09:03,209
Didn't Groves tell you?
1174
01:09:04,292 --> 01:09:05,302
No.
1175
01:09:12,930 --> 01:09:14,084
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1176
01:09:15,209 --> 01:09:16,417
I tried personnel.
1177
01:09:16,584 --> 01:09:19,167
They asked if I could type.
-Can you?
1178
01:09:19,292 --> 01:09:22,000
Harvard forgot to teach that on
the graduate chemistry course.
1179
01:09:24,042 --> 01:09:26,459
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig
here on the plutonium team.
1180
01:09:32,375 --> 01:09:34,167
What the hell were you doing in Chicago?
1181
01:09:34,584 --> 01:09:36,042
Visiting the met.
-Why?
1182
01:09:36,084 --> 01:09:37,250
You can't...
-Why?
1183
01:09:37,292 --> 01:09:38,625
Because we, we have every right...
1184
01:09:38,667 --> 01:09:42,667
You have just the rights that
I give you. No more, no less.
1185
01:09:43,167 --> 01:09:46,125
We are adults trying to run
a project here. This is ridiculous.
1186
01:09:46,917 --> 01:09:47,919
Tell him!
1187
01:09:49,345 --> 01:09:51,875
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1188
01:09:53,292 --> 01:09:56,542
Enough of this madhouse.
Nobody can work under these conditions.
1189
01:09:56,584 --> 01:10:00,209
You know what?
Generalissimo, I quit!
1190
01:10:01,084 --> 01:10:02,084
Thanks for nothing.
1191
01:10:04,667 --> 01:10:05,667
Better off without him.
1192
01:10:07,334 --> 01:10:10,084
Aren't you more concerned
about his discretion out there?
1193
01:10:11,375 --> 01:10:12,376
We'll have him killed.
1194
01:10:14,625 --> 01:10:15,626
I'm just kidding.
1195
01:10:16,750 --> 01:10:18,417
No, he hates me, not America.
1196
01:10:19,084 --> 01:10:21,667
You know, General, not everyone
has levers to pull like mine.
1197
01:10:22,584 --> 01:10:23,584
I don't think I understand.
1198
01:10:24,167 --> 01:10:27,702
You didn't hire me despite my left-wing
past. You hired me because of it.
1199
01:10:28,875 --> 01:10:30,334
So you could control me.
1200
01:10:31,084 --> 01:10:34,553
No, I'm not that subtle.
I'm just a humble soldier.
1201
01:10:35,292 --> 01:10:38,792
You're neither humble, nor just a soldier.
You studied engineering at MIT.
1202
01:10:39,000 --> 01:10:41,167
Guilty as charged.
-Well, now we understand each other,
1203
01:10:41,209 --> 01:10:43,042
perhaps you can get
me my security clearance,
1204
01:10:43,084 --> 01:10:44,959
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1205
01:10:51,209 --> 01:10:52,375
General Groves,
were you aware
1206
01:10:52,417 --> 01:10:55,792
of Dr. Oppenheimer's left-wing
associations when you appointed him?
1207
01:10:55,959 --> 01:10:58,084
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1208
01:10:58,125 --> 01:11:01,125
I was aware he had a very
extreme liberal background.
1209
01:11:01,376 --> 01:11:04,554
In your opinion, would he ever
consciously commit a disloyal act?
1210
01:11:04,648 --> 01:11:06,250
I would be amazed if he did.
1211
01:11:06,398 --> 01:11:08,944
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity?
1212
01:11:09,163 --> 01:11:11,917
At Los Alamos, yes. Which
is where I really knew him.
1213
01:11:12,125 --> 01:11:14,593
Do you know that your
security officers on the project
1214
01:11:14,648 --> 01:11:16,959
advised you against the
clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1215
01:11:17,000 --> 01:11:20,875
They could not, and would not,
clear him until I insisted.
1216
01:11:21,042 --> 01:11:22,917
And it's safe to say that you
had pretty good knowledge
1217
01:11:22,959 --> 01:11:25,250
of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file.
-I did.
1218
01:11:26,500 --> 01:11:28,917
Well, then there's only really one
question I need answered here today.
1219
01:11:29,000 --> 01:11:33,250
In light of the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1220
01:11:33,838 --> 01:11:34,959
Do you have the guidelines?
1221
01:11:42,834 --> 01:11:45,084
Under current AEC guidelines,
1222
01:11:45,230 --> 01:11:48,250
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1223
01:12:00,542 --> 01:12:01,959
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1224
01:12:03,504 --> 01:12:05,750
My god. What a trek.
1225
01:12:06,667 --> 01:12:09,125
That's why you need a liaison.
-I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1226
01:12:10,709 --> 01:12:12,584
You're gonna be okay.
This way, gentlemen.
1227
01:12:23,084 --> 01:12:24,737
Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
1228
01:12:25,500 --> 01:12:27,459
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about at Berkeley.
1229
01:12:27,625 --> 01:12:29,417
Compartmentalization,
I understand completely.
1230
01:12:44,792 --> 01:12:46,084
Greetings from Berkeley.
1231
01:12:46,250 --> 01:12:49,167
I am here to update you on our
progress and solicit your input.
1232
01:12:49,628 --> 01:12:51,999
To do so, I am going to have
to share a few things that
1233
01:12:52,042 --> 01:12:53,750
General Groves told me not to.
1234
01:12:54,542 --> 01:12:57,292
Sorry General, I said I understood,
not that I agreed.
1235
01:12:57,709 --> 01:13:00,667
Okay. Gentlemen, to business!
1236
01:13:01,167 --> 01:13:03,084
There were rumors of espionage
1237
01:13:03,125 --> 01:13:05,125
at Los Alamos.
-Unsubstantiated.
1238
01:13:05,167 --> 01:13:07,500
I'm told that there were communists
1239
01:13:07,542 --> 01:13:09,084
on the project.
-We didn't knowingly employ...
1240
01:13:09,125 --> 01:13:11,250
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1241
01:13:11,292 --> 01:13:12,709
in discussions of the Super?
1242
01:13:13,084 --> 01:13:15,625
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1243
01:13:15,667 --> 01:13:18,389
My brother had left the party by then.
-What about Lomanitz?
1244
01:13:18,584 --> 01:13:21,584
Lomanitz was never employed
at Los Alamos. He was a liaison.
1245
01:13:21,875 --> 01:13:24,375
Our security was tight,
as former Colonel Nichols well knows.
1246
01:13:24,417 --> 01:13:27,091
Our security was as tight as it could be
given the personalities involved,
1247
01:13:27,115 --> 01:13:28,184
but attempts were made.
1248
01:13:28,584 --> 01:13:31,167
What is that supposed to mean?
-We've all read his file here.
1249
01:13:32,500 --> 01:13:34,084
Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock?
1250
01:13:35,792 --> 01:13:37,292
Or the Chevalier incident?
1251
01:13:41,917 --> 01:13:42,919
Excuse me.
1252
01:13:45,584 --> 01:13:47,459
Lomanitz, line one!
1253
01:13:54,417 --> 01:13:56,375
Hello, Rossi. What?
1254
01:13:57,417 --> 01:13:58,417
Okay, just calm down.
1255
01:13:59,500 --> 01:14:00,792
There's been another screwup.
1256
01:14:01,000 --> 01:14:04,167
Lomanitz just got drafted.
-We are at war, Doctor.
1257
01:14:04,292 --> 01:14:07,375
Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
We need this kid. Fix it, will you?
1258
01:14:07,917 --> 01:14:08,864
It wasn't a mistake.
1259
01:14:08,888 --> 01:14:11,753
Your friend Lomanitz has been
trying to unionize the radiation lab.
1260
01:14:12,042 --> 01:14:14,792
He promised to quit all that.
-Well, he hasn't.
1261
01:14:15,750 --> 01:14:18,671
The security officer at Berkeley is
concerned about communist infiltration
1262
01:14:18,758 --> 01:14:21,917
through that union, the FA...
-FAECT.
1263
01:14:25,125 --> 01:14:28,375
While I'm there next week,
I'll... drop in to see him.
1264
01:14:30,750 --> 01:14:32,221
Your Q clearance came through.
1265
01:14:36,000 --> 01:14:39,252
It's important you not maintain
or renew any questionable associations.
1266
01:14:44,709 --> 01:14:46,625
Doctor, did you think social contacts
1267
01:14:46,667 --> 01:14:50,917
between a person engaged on secret
war work and communists was dangerous?
1268
01:14:50,959 --> 01:14:53,709
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1269
01:14:54,875 --> 01:14:57,250
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1270
01:14:57,792 --> 01:15:00,584
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1271
01:15:07,292 --> 01:15:09,209
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1272
01:15:10,250 --> 01:15:11,251
I mean, really!
1273
01:15:12,417 --> 01:15:13,500
Known communists.
1274
01:15:16,709 --> 01:15:17,717
Look...
1275
01:15:19,042 --> 01:15:22,834
I've had a lot of secrets
in my head for a long time.
1276
01:15:24,252 --> 01:15:28,458
Doesn't matter who I associate with,
I don't talk about those secrets.
1277
01:15:36,209 --> 01:15:37,334
You said in your statement
1278
01:15:38,834 --> 01:15:43,209
that you had to see Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1279
01:15:45,167 --> 01:15:46,176
You left.
1280
01:15:48,000 --> 01:15:49,003
Not a word.
1281
01:15:49,834 --> 01:15:51,417
What did you think that would do to me?
1282
01:15:53,084 --> 01:15:54,084
I wrote.
1283
01:15:54,459 --> 01:15:55,584
Pages of nothing.
1284
01:15:59,042 --> 01:16:00,042
Where did you go?
1285
01:16:02,167 --> 01:16:03,667
I can't tell you.
-Why not?
1286
01:16:03,750 --> 01:16:05,042
Because you're a communist.
1287
01:16:08,292 --> 01:16:09,709
Why did you have to see her?
1288
01:16:10,209 --> 01:16:14,542
She had indicated a great desire
to see me before we left.
1289
01:16:14,667 --> 01:16:18,667
At that time I couldn't,
but I felt that she had to see me.
1290
01:16:19,667 --> 01:16:23,703
She was undergoing psychiatric treatment.
She was extremely unhappy.
1291
01:16:24,065 --> 01:16:26,334
Did you find out why she had to see you?
1292
01:16:31,709 --> 01:16:33,042
Because she was still in love with me.
1293
01:16:41,125 --> 01:16:42,584
You spent the night together, didn't you?
1294
01:16:50,834 --> 01:16:51,832
Yes.
1295
01:16:58,250 --> 01:17:03,084
You drop in and out of my life,
and you don't have to tell me why.
1296
01:17:04,209 --> 01:17:06,905
And that's power.
-Not that I enjoy.
1297
01:17:08,167 --> 01:17:10,542
I'd rather be here for you as you need.
1298
01:17:11,042 --> 01:17:13,000
But you have
other priorities now.
1299
01:17:13,893 --> 01:17:15,584
I have a wife and child.
1300
01:17:16,959 --> 01:17:19,209
That's not what either
of us is talking about.
1301
01:17:23,125 --> 01:17:26,167
Jean... you asked me to come.
1302
01:17:27,709 --> 01:17:28,917
And I'm glad I did.
1303
01:17:30,375 --> 01:17:31,709
But I can't see you again.
1304
01:17:35,250 --> 01:17:36,542
But what if I need you?
1305
01:17:40,834 --> 01:17:42,750
You said you would
always answer.
1306
01:17:46,000 --> 01:17:47,001
Not a word?
1307
01:17:48,500 --> 01:17:50,459
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1308
01:17:50,667 --> 01:17:51,834
As a matter of fact, it was.
1309
01:17:52,750 --> 01:17:53,752
Not a word.
1310
01:17:54,917 --> 01:17:56,250
When did you see her after that?
1311
01:18:05,084 --> 01:18:06,209
I never saw her again.
1312
01:18:13,209 --> 01:18:15,211
I can make the last
train back to Princeton.
1313
01:18:16,250 --> 01:18:18,917
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1314
01:18:18,959 --> 01:18:20,917
Today you said it to history, didn't you?
1315
01:18:20,959 --> 01:18:22,167
This is a closed hearing.
1316
01:18:24,417 --> 01:18:26,875
If they don't release the
transcript, I'm sure you will.
1317
01:18:26,917 --> 01:18:29,292
I was under oath.
-Well, you were under an oath to me
1318
01:18:29,334 --> 01:18:30,459
when you went to see Jean.
1319
01:18:32,084 --> 01:18:33,085
You know, you...
1320
01:18:34,292 --> 01:18:36,917
You sit there, day after day,
1321
01:18:37,875 --> 01:18:39,834
letting them pick our lives to pieces.
1322
01:18:42,750 --> 01:18:43,834
Why won't you fight?
1323
01:18:47,625 --> 01:18:50,042
Robert, I'm not putting her up there.
1324
01:18:56,167 --> 01:18:58,750
Dr. Oppenheimer! This is
an honor. Please, take a seat.
1325
01:18:59,000 --> 01:19:01,882
No need. I just wanted to check
whether I should...
1326
01:19:02,375 --> 01:19:04,795
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
1327
01:19:04,952 --> 01:19:07,718
I'd say that's really up to you,
Professor, but I'd be cautious.
1328
01:19:08,209 --> 01:19:09,209
Understood.
1329
01:19:09,417 --> 01:19:11,834
Oh, and, um, as regards to the union,
1330
01:19:11,875 --> 01:19:15,209
I wanted to give you a heads up
on a man named Eltenton.
1331
01:19:15,459 --> 01:19:16,458
A heads up?
1332
01:19:16,500 --> 01:19:19,875
Yes, just that he might
bear watching, is all.
1333
01:19:21,500 --> 01:19:22,834
I'd love to get more details.
1334
01:19:23,959 --> 01:19:26,292
I have an appointment now,
and I leave early tomorrow.
1335
01:19:26,406 --> 01:19:27,792
Well, come back
as early as you like.
1336
01:19:28,584 --> 01:19:29,625
Since you haven't time now.
1337
01:19:31,042 --> 01:19:34,375
You went back the next morning.
-I did. I had to, really.
1338
01:19:35,834 --> 01:19:37,000
This time there was another man.
1339
01:19:39,209 --> 01:19:43,107
He said his name was Pash.
-Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1340
01:19:43,250 --> 01:19:48,125
Colonel Pash, could you please read
from your memo dated June 29, 1943?
1341
01:19:50,375 --> 01:19:52,792
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1342
01:19:52,834 --> 01:19:55,542
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections."
1343
01:19:55,726 --> 01:19:59,292
"Subject met with and spent
considerable time with one Jean Tatlock,
1344
01:19:59,334 --> 01:20:01,542
"a communist, the record
of whom is attached."
1345
01:20:01,584 --> 01:20:04,042
The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer?
-Yes.
1346
01:20:04,292 --> 01:20:07,250
Whom you had not met?
-Not then, but soon after.
1347
01:20:07,424 --> 01:20:09,834
He's the head of security
for the project. Shouldn't I know him?
1348
01:20:09,964 --> 01:20:11,417
No, he should know you.
1349
01:20:12,250 --> 01:20:14,000
I would never put you in a room with Pash.
1350
01:20:14,042 --> 01:20:15,059
Why not?
1351
01:20:15,167 --> 01:20:16,834
When Pash first heard about Lomanitz,
1352
01:20:17,167 --> 01:20:19,769
he told the FBI he was
going to kidnap him,
1353
01:20:20,209 --> 01:20:21,334
take him out on a boat,
1354
01:20:21,875 --> 01:20:24,167
and interrogate him in the Russian manner.
1355
01:20:27,459 --> 01:20:29,625
General Groves has placed
in me a certain responsibility,
1356
01:20:29,667 --> 01:20:34,084
and it's like having a child who
I can't see, by remote control.
1357
01:20:35,459 --> 01:20:36,792
So to actually meet you is...
1358
01:20:38,792 --> 01:20:40,534
I won't take up too much of your time.
-Oh, no.
1359
01:20:40,635 --> 01:20:42,334
Not at all. Whatever time you choose.
1360
01:20:43,667 --> 01:20:45,885
Mr. Johnson told me of the
conversation you had yesterday,
1361
01:20:45,979 --> 01:20:48,542
which I'm very interested in.
It's had me worried all day.
1362
01:20:49,500 --> 01:20:52,875
Yes, well, I didn't want to talk
to Lomanitz without authorization.
1363
01:20:53,167 --> 01:20:55,000
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1364
01:20:55,042 --> 01:20:56,334
It's something a little bit more...
1365
01:20:58,167 --> 01:20:59,584
In my opinion, more serious.
1366
01:20:59,659 --> 01:21:01,000
And then when the FBI pointed out
1367
01:21:01,042 --> 01:21:03,875
that such information
wouldn't be admissible in court,
1368
01:21:03,917 --> 01:21:05,625
Pash made it clear he had no intention
1369
01:21:05,667 --> 01:21:07,854
of leaving any witness left to prosecute.
1370
01:21:08,209 --> 01:21:11,296
Now, the FBI talked him down,
but that's the man you're dancing with.
1371
01:21:11,584 --> 01:21:14,000
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1372
01:21:14,042 --> 01:21:15,875
interested in the work
of the radiation lab?
1373
01:21:17,167 --> 01:21:21,292
A man attached to the
Soviet consul indicated,
1374
01:21:21,834 --> 01:21:25,334
through intermediate people,
to people on this project,
1375
01:21:25,417 --> 01:21:28,584
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1376
01:21:28,792 --> 01:21:31,084
Well, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
1377
01:21:33,167 --> 01:21:36,625
Frankly, I can see that there might be
an argument for the Commander-in-Chief
1378
01:21:36,667 --> 01:21:40,064
informing the Russians,
they're our allies, after all, but...
1379
01:21:40,127 --> 01:21:42,462
I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
1380
01:21:42,834 --> 01:21:45,042
It might not hurt to be
on the lookout for it.
1381
01:21:46,459 --> 01:21:47,709
And you said that to Pash.
1382
01:21:48,250 --> 01:21:52,084
I was trying to put it in the context
of "Russia's not Germany".
1383
01:21:52,678 --> 01:21:57,042
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1384
01:21:57,084 --> 01:22:01,209
Born here, but in 1918 he went back
to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks.
1385
01:22:01,709 --> 01:22:04,209
This is a man who has killed
communists with his own hands.
1386
01:22:04,792 --> 01:22:07,125
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1387
01:22:07,667 --> 01:22:09,917
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1388
01:22:10,375 --> 01:22:11,584
Could you be a little more specific?
1389
01:22:14,875 --> 01:22:19,459
There's a man whose name was mentioned
to me, a couple of times, Eltenton.
1390
01:22:21,209 --> 01:22:23,417
I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1391
01:22:24,167 --> 01:22:27,042
He talked to a friend of his,
1392
01:22:27,125 --> 01:22:29,792
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1393
01:22:32,209 --> 01:22:34,167
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1394
01:22:34,250 --> 01:22:38,000
I was attempting to give them
Eltenton without opening a can of worms.
1395
01:22:38,042 --> 01:22:39,667
I told them a cock-and-bull story.
1396
01:22:40,000 --> 01:22:42,167
Did you lie to General Groves, too?
-No.
1397
01:22:42,667 --> 01:22:45,167
I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash.
1398
01:22:45,292 --> 01:22:48,292
Do you recall this conversation
about the Chevalier incident?
1399
01:22:49,167 --> 01:22:51,084
I've seen so many versions of it, uh...
1400
01:22:51,620 --> 01:22:54,292
Wasn't confused before,
but I'm certainly getting there now.
1401
01:22:54,549 --> 01:22:57,375
And what was your conclusion?
-That he was under the influence
1402
01:22:57,417 --> 01:23:00,875
of the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1403
01:23:00,917 --> 01:23:04,084
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1404
01:23:04,542 --> 01:23:08,334
Well now, might we know through
whom the contact was made?
1405
01:23:09,500 --> 01:23:13,042
That would involve people who
are not to be involved in this.
1406
01:23:13,375 --> 01:23:16,042
Is that someone a member of the project?
1407
01:23:16,758 --> 01:23:20,063
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1408
01:23:20,225 --> 01:23:21,225
Ah...
1409
01:23:21,875 --> 01:23:26,084
So Eltenton made his approach through
a member of the faculty here at Berkeley.
1410
01:23:28,375 --> 01:23:30,709
As far as I know, as far as I know, yes.
1411
01:23:31,000 --> 01:23:35,250
But there... may have been...
more than one person involved.
1412
01:23:40,500 --> 01:23:43,209
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
1413
01:23:43,250 --> 01:23:45,834
I think you can understand
it's because of my insistence
1414
01:23:45,875 --> 01:23:47,881
on not getting innocent
people into trouble.
1415
01:23:48,667 --> 01:23:51,417
You're trying to protect your
friend. Who's protecting you?
1416
01:23:51,888 --> 01:23:52,878
Well, you could.
1417
01:23:53,388 --> 01:23:55,917
If you gave me the name...
-If you order me to, I'll do it.
1418
01:23:56,159 --> 01:23:59,000
That's a mistake, Robert.
You need to volunteer this name.
1419
01:24:00,667 --> 01:24:01,995
Did he give you the name?
1420
01:24:02,128 --> 01:24:03,542
He did.
-But not then, did he?
1421
01:24:03,709 --> 01:24:04,709
No.
-No, in fact,
1422
01:24:04,750 --> 01:24:06,125
it was some months later, wasn't it?
1423
01:24:07,125 --> 01:24:07,958
It was.
1424
01:24:08,167 --> 01:24:10,334
You see me as persistent.
-Well, you are...
1425
01:24:11,139 --> 01:24:12,709
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1426
01:24:12,975 --> 01:24:16,233
And, and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1427
01:24:16,506 --> 01:24:18,167
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
1428
01:24:18,709 --> 01:24:20,084
which may come to your attention...
1429
01:24:22,000 --> 01:24:23,542
and be disturbing to you,
1430
01:24:24,167 --> 01:24:26,042
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1431
01:24:26,875 --> 01:24:30,084
I'm not formulating a plan, I'll just
have to digest the whole thing.
1432
01:24:35,042 --> 01:24:38,125
In the months in between your
interview with Dr. Oppenheimer,
1433
01:24:38,167 --> 01:24:42,250
and his eventual naming of Chevalier,
did you expend resources trying to find
1434
01:24:42,292 --> 01:24:45,542
the name of the intermediary?
-Considerable resources, yes.
1435
01:24:46,292 --> 01:24:48,417
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1436
01:24:48,581 --> 01:24:51,709
And when did you receive the name?
-I was gone by the time Oppenheimer
1437
01:24:51,750 --> 01:24:53,267
finally offered it up.
-Gone?
1438
01:24:53,709 --> 01:24:55,768
They felt my time would
be better spent in Europe,
1439
01:24:55,959 --> 01:24:58,125
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1440
01:24:58,639 --> 01:24:59,639
Who did?
1441
01:25:00,792 --> 01:25:01,793
General Groves.
1442
01:25:02,792 --> 01:25:03,917
He transferred me to London.
1443
01:25:11,167 --> 01:25:12,959
It's a little early for a Christmas party.
1444
01:25:13,042 --> 01:25:14,042
Something's up.
1445
01:25:14,917 --> 01:25:15,959
Tolman's been away.
1446
01:25:17,292 --> 01:25:18,297
Where?
1447
01:25:18,768 --> 01:25:19,750
Ruth won't tell.
1448
01:25:30,042 --> 01:25:31,084
Come on, Ruthie.
1449
01:25:31,334 --> 01:25:33,000
If you can't tell me, who can you tell?
1450
01:25:33,792 --> 01:25:35,584
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1451
01:25:36,375 --> 01:25:38,188
What makes you think
I know where he is, anyway?
1452
01:25:38,417 --> 01:25:39,917
Because you do a pretty good job
1453
01:25:39,959 --> 01:25:42,090
of knowing where
Mr. Tolman is when it counts.
1454
01:25:43,084 --> 01:25:44,087
Like now?
1455
01:25:44,125 --> 01:25:47,167
Attention!
1456
01:25:50,428 --> 01:25:52,042
Early Christmas present for you all.
1457
01:26:00,584 --> 01:26:02,834
The British pilot put
me in the bomb bay.
1458
01:26:02,875 --> 01:26:06,250
He showed me the oxygen,
you know, but I messed it up.
1459
01:26:06,513 --> 01:26:09,250
Um, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
1460
01:26:09,709 --> 01:26:11,667
But I pretended I'd been napping.
1461
01:26:12,667 --> 01:26:13,834
Please enjoy your party.
1462
01:26:15,334 --> 01:26:17,709
Is it big enough?
-To end the war?
1463
01:26:18,724 --> 01:26:20,417
To end all war.
1464
01:26:24,125 --> 01:26:27,625
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
1465
01:26:28,500 --> 01:26:31,959
It was chilling, my old student
working for the Nazis.
1466
01:26:32,000 --> 01:26:35,542
He told me some
things to draw me out.
1467
01:26:36,500 --> 01:26:39,417
Sustained fission
reactions in uranium.
1468
01:26:39,542 --> 01:26:41,459
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1469
01:26:41,834 --> 01:26:43,459
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1470
01:26:43,834 --> 01:26:46,167
He seemed more
focused on heavy water.
1471
01:26:46,500 --> 01:26:48,959
As a moderator?
-Yes, instead of graphite.
1472
01:26:52,459 --> 01:26:53,459
What?
1473
01:26:54,341 --> 01:26:55,375
He took a wrong turn.
1474
01:26:56,292 --> 01:26:57,295
We're ahead.
1475
01:26:57,375 --> 01:26:58,847
And with you here to help us, Niels...
1476
01:26:59,334 --> 01:27:02,625
Sorry, could you give us
a moment, gentlemen?
1477
01:27:09,459 --> 01:27:11,459
I am not here to help, Robert.
1478
01:27:12,167 --> 01:27:13,802
I knew you could do this without me.
1479
01:27:14,084 --> 01:27:16,667
Then why did you come?
-To talk about after.
1480
01:27:16,875 --> 01:27:20,667
The power you're about to
reveal will forever outlive the Nazis.
1481
01:27:21,875 --> 01:27:23,334
And the world is not prepared.
1482
01:27:23,792 --> 01:27:27,209
"You can lift the stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed."
1483
01:27:27,250 --> 01:27:30,167
We have to make the politicians
understand this isn't a new weapon.
1484
01:27:31,209 --> 01:27:32,291
It's a new world.
1485
01:27:33,096 --> 01:27:35,209
I'll be out there doing
what I can, but you...
1486
01:27:36,209 --> 01:27:38,542
You're an American Prometheus.
1487
01:27:38,896 --> 01:27:42,703
The man who gave them the
power to destroy themselves.
1488
01:27:43,000 --> 01:27:44,500
And they'll respect that.
1489
01:27:44,676 --> 01:27:46,500
Your work really begins.
1490
01:27:51,292 --> 01:27:53,500
I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call.
1491
01:27:55,500 --> 01:27:56,667
From San Francisco.
1492
01:28:04,042 --> 01:28:05,044
Robert!
1493
01:28:09,584 --> 01:28:10,568
Robert?
1494
01:28:11,250 --> 01:28:12,254
Robert.
1495
01:28:12,709 --> 01:28:13,709
Robert.
1496
01:28:13,792 --> 01:28:14,917
God, what's the matter?
1497
01:28:15,584 --> 01:28:16,585
What happened?
1498
01:28:18,375 --> 01:28:19,417
Her father called.
1499
01:28:20,459 --> 01:28:22,042
He found her yesterday in the bath.
1500
01:28:23,792 --> 01:28:24,795
Who?
1501
01:28:26,125 --> 01:28:28,875
She's taken pills.
Left a note, not signed.
1502
01:28:30,792 --> 01:28:33,500
She took barbiturates, but there
was chloral hydrate in her blood.
1503
01:28:37,459 --> 01:28:38,459
There was a note.
1504
01:28:39,125 --> 01:28:40,167
Jean Tatlock?
1505
01:28:47,292 --> 01:28:48,293
We were together.
1506
01:28:49,132 --> 01:28:50,459
She said she needed me. I...
1507
01:28:53,459 --> 01:28:54,460
I told her I...
1508
01:28:54,959 --> 01:28:55,960
I wouldn't...
1509
01:28:56,375 --> 01:28:57,377
I told her I...
1510
01:28:58,417 --> 01:28:59,667
No, it was me, it was me.
1511
01:29:02,884 --> 01:29:04,709
You don't get to commit the sin
1512
01:29:04,931 --> 01:29:08,063
and then have us all feel sorry
for you that it had consequences.
1513
01:29:11,459 --> 01:29:13,459
Now you pull yourself together.
1514
01:29:17,584 --> 01:29:19,167
You know, people here depend on you.
1515
01:29:22,209 --> 01:29:24,042
Donald, would you like
to contribute here?
1516
01:29:24,084 --> 01:29:25,167
Please, help me out.
-You're on your own, pal.
1517
01:29:25,209 --> 01:29:28,059
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
because plutonium is radioactive.
1518
01:29:28,129 --> 01:29:30,292
We just don't know what it might do
1519
01:29:30,334 --> 01:29:32,625
to the female reproductive system.
-Your reproductive system
1520
01:29:32,667 --> 01:29:35,209
is more exposed than mine, presumably.
-Can we please?
1521
01:29:35,584 --> 01:29:38,792
The implosion device is nowhere.
-We can't rush everything. Oppie, please.
1522
01:29:38,834 --> 01:29:41,375
Well, there's rushing and there's
getting on with it, so pick one.
1523
01:29:41,417 --> 01:29:43,084
Wait, wait, wait.
Neddermeyer is doing his job.
1524
01:29:43,459 --> 01:29:46,042
Teller's not helping.
You're not helping.
1525
01:29:46,084 --> 01:29:48,917
I've been asking for calculations
on the implosion lenses for weeks.
1526
01:29:48,959 --> 01:29:51,084
The British can do it. Fuchs.
-Absolutely.
1527
01:29:51,417 --> 01:29:54,542
It's your job, Teller.
-I'm engaged in research.
1528
01:29:54,667 --> 01:29:56,782
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building!
1529
01:30:05,792 --> 01:30:07,042
I won't work with that man.
1530
01:30:07,250 --> 01:30:09,417
Oh. Let him go.
1531
01:30:10,084 --> 01:30:11,709
He's a prima donna!
-I agree.
1532
01:30:12,250 --> 01:30:13,417
He should leave Los Alamos.
-Okay.
1533
01:30:14,644 --> 01:30:17,792
Kisti, you replace Neddermeyer.
Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium.
1534
01:30:17,834 --> 01:30:21,125
Lilli, you go on for Kisti,
because he needs you.
1535
01:30:21,459 --> 01:30:23,084
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1536
01:30:23,125 --> 01:30:25,208
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1537
01:30:25,792 --> 01:30:29,334
And no one is leaving Los Alamos.
1538
01:30:44,125 --> 01:30:47,167
They won't let me leave!
-No, I won't let you leave.
1539
01:30:49,084 --> 01:30:51,209
Forget Hans, forget fission.
1540
01:30:51,969 --> 01:30:54,084
Stay here, research what you want.
1541
01:30:54,875 --> 01:30:56,917
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever.
1542
01:30:57,209 --> 01:30:59,792
We'll meet to discuss it.
-You don't have time to meet.
1543
01:31:00,250 --> 01:31:03,709
You're a politician now, Robert. You've
left physics behind many, many years ago.
1544
01:31:05,334 --> 01:31:06,329
Once a week.
1545
01:31:07,042 --> 01:31:08,334
One hour, you and me.
1546
01:31:14,792 --> 01:31:16,292
Now raise this fucking barrier!
1547
01:31:21,375 --> 01:31:24,542
So the Super was under development
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1548
01:31:25,209 --> 01:31:26,198
Yes.
1549
01:31:26,625 --> 01:31:30,042
And yet, after the war,
you tried to deny it was viable.
1550
01:31:30,209 --> 01:31:33,334
No, no, no. I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1551
01:31:33,500 --> 01:31:35,125
Didn't you try to kill it
at the AEC meeting
1552
01:31:35,167 --> 01:31:36,709
after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
1553
01:31:36,917 --> 01:31:39,750
But that was the recommendation
of the AEC, was it not?
1554
01:31:40,084 --> 01:31:42,834
After hours of discussion
about the best response.
1555
01:31:43,375 --> 01:31:48,334
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1556
01:31:49,500 --> 01:31:52,709
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1557
01:31:53,584 --> 01:31:55,542
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
-Izzy.
1558
01:31:55,750 --> 01:31:57,834
Draw some circles on
this side of the map,
1559
01:31:58,250 --> 01:32:00,625
where they would target us,
starting with New York.
1560
01:32:00,667 --> 01:32:01,709
That's fair.
-D.C.
1561
01:32:01,875 --> 01:32:04,459
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1562
01:32:04,792 --> 01:32:06,148
Deterrence.
-Deterrence?
1563
01:32:06,167 --> 01:32:10,000
Do we really need more deterrence
than our current arsenal of atomic bombs?
1564
01:32:10,084 --> 01:32:14,292
You, you drown in ten feet of water
or 10,000, what's the difference?
1565
01:32:14,542 --> 01:32:16,625
We can already drown Russia.
They know it...
1566
01:32:16,667 --> 01:32:18,709
Now they can drown us with...
-We're just escalating...
1567
01:32:30,042 --> 01:32:34,792
As I said, Teller's designs are still as
impractical as they were during the war.
1568
01:32:34,875 --> 01:32:37,625
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie. You know that.
1569
01:32:37,667 --> 01:32:40,625
I don't believe we should commit
all our resources to that chance.
1570
01:32:40,667 --> 01:32:43,750
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1571
01:32:43,792 --> 01:32:46,042
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1572
01:32:46,084 --> 01:32:48,292
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1573
01:32:49,209 --> 01:32:50,959
By which you mean world government.
1574
01:32:51,167 --> 01:32:53,667
The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended.
1575
01:32:53,834 --> 01:32:57,625
Well, I asked what Truman should do,
right? The world's changed.
1576
01:32:57,667 --> 01:33:01,250
It's not fascism but communism
that now threatens our survival.
1577
01:33:01,542 --> 01:33:04,875
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1578
01:33:05,000 --> 01:33:07,375
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1579
01:33:07,459 --> 01:33:08,917
Could they be working on one already?
1580
01:33:09,271 --> 01:33:12,042
Based on information gathered
from the spy at Los Alamos...
1581
01:33:12,084 --> 01:33:13,625
No spy at Los Alamos.
-Gentlemen...
1582
01:33:13,667 --> 01:33:15,625
There wasn't?
-Let's not get sidetracked.
1583
01:33:16,500 --> 01:33:19,088
I say we use this moment to gain
concessions from the Russians
1584
01:33:19,112 --> 01:33:22,250
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
1585
01:33:22,334 --> 01:33:24,000
Thereby revealing its existence.
1586
01:33:24,042 --> 01:33:25,968
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1587
01:33:26,209 --> 01:33:27,220
Alright.
1588
01:33:27,375 --> 01:33:31,042
At this point, I'd like the committee
members to meet in privacy
1589
01:33:31,084 --> 01:33:33,144
to finalize our recommendations.
1590
01:33:34,750 --> 01:33:36,834
I'm just not sure you
want to go down this route.
1591
01:33:36,875 --> 01:33:39,025
Lewis, with respect, we are
the advisory committee.
1592
01:33:39,049 --> 01:33:40,334
We will give them our advice.
1593
01:33:41,042 --> 01:33:42,053
Good night.
1594
01:33:46,209 --> 01:33:48,042
Dr. Oppenheimer? Hi.
1595
01:33:48,834 --> 01:33:51,725
William Borden.
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy.
1596
01:33:51,769 --> 01:33:52,811
Oh, yes, yes.
1597
01:33:53,113 --> 01:33:54,375
During the war, I was a pilot.
1598
01:33:55,959 --> 01:34:00,498
One night, flying back from a raid,
I saw an amazing sight.
1599
01:34:00,542 --> 01:34:03,959
Like a meteor.
A V2 rocket headed to England.
1600
01:34:05,125 --> 01:34:07,088
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
1601
01:34:07,112 --> 01:34:11,084
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1602
01:34:20,459 --> 01:34:22,375
Let's make sure we're not
the ones to make that possible.
1603
01:34:29,167 --> 01:34:31,375
Oppie, I don't think you
want to go up against Strauss.
1604
01:34:32,209 --> 01:34:34,250
If we both speak, they listen to me.
1605
01:34:34,917 --> 01:34:38,667
When you speak, they hear a prophet.
When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves.
1606
01:34:38,943 --> 01:34:40,042
They'll listen to a prophet.
1607
01:34:40,917 --> 01:34:43,625
A prophet can't be wrong. Not once.
1608
01:34:44,125 --> 01:34:47,256
Did you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging
the development of the Super?
1609
01:34:47,542 --> 01:34:51,504
I was never one of those
to bandy around terms like sabotage.
1610
01:34:52,125 --> 01:34:55,459
But Mr. Borden was?
-As I understand it, possibly.
1611
01:34:55,750 --> 01:34:59,375
How was Mr. Borden able to put
together such a detailed indictment?
1612
01:34:59,417 --> 01:35:02,084
He was no longer a government employee,
yet he appears to have had
1613
01:35:02,154 --> 01:35:04,880
unlimited access
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1614
01:35:05,167 --> 01:35:07,625
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
1615
01:35:07,792 --> 01:35:10,084
Or someone else at the AEC?
1616
01:35:10,292 --> 01:35:12,167
That's a very serious accusation, Senator.
1617
01:35:12,917 --> 01:35:14,209
Is it your intention to suggest
1618
01:35:14,250 --> 01:35:16,959
that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal
to the United States?
1619
01:35:17,750 --> 01:35:21,584
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he's loyal to the United States.
1620
01:35:22,417 --> 01:35:24,158
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
1621
01:35:24,182 --> 01:35:26,417
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1622
01:35:26,959 --> 01:35:30,730
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
1623
01:35:40,000 --> 01:35:42,959
If I may, look, when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
1624
01:35:43,000 --> 01:35:45,334
it is my humble opinion
that there is no need
1625
01:35:45,417 --> 01:35:47,834
for that bomb to be seen
anywhere except that test site.
1626
01:35:49,167 --> 01:35:51,125
Well, we at least have to
take a moment to think about
1627
01:35:51,167 --> 01:35:54,292
whether the means justify
the ends any longer because...
1628
01:35:57,375 --> 01:35:59,500
Germany is about to surrender.
1629
01:36:01,625 --> 01:36:05,750
It's no longer the enemy who are
the greatest threat to mankind.
1630
01:36:05,792 --> 01:36:06,818
It's our work.
1631
01:36:09,334 --> 01:36:11,542
Hitler's dead. It's true.
1632
01:36:13,709 --> 01:36:14,875
But the Japanese fight on.
1633
01:36:15,500 --> 01:36:16,917
Their defeat seems assured.
1634
01:36:17,391 --> 01:36:19,417
Not if you're a G.I. preparing to invade.
1635
01:36:21,250 --> 01:36:22,334
We can end this war.
1636
01:36:22,505 --> 01:36:25,542
But how do we justify using
this weapon on human beings?
1637
01:36:29,125 --> 01:36:30,250
We're theorists.
1638
01:36:31,292 --> 01:36:32,302
Yes?
1639
01:36:33,375 --> 01:36:37,750
We imagine a future,
and our imaginings horrify us.
1640
01:36:38,792 --> 01:36:41,084
They won't fear it until
they understand it,
1641
01:36:41,167 --> 01:36:43,542
and they won't understand
it until they've used it.
1642
01:36:44,000 --> 01:36:47,292
When the world learns
the terrible secret of Los Alamos,
1643
01:36:47,917 --> 01:36:51,334
our work here will ensure a
peace mankind has never seen.
1644
01:36:51,500 --> 01:36:54,542
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1645
01:36:54,584 --> 01:36:56,500
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1646
01:37:01,875 --> 01:37:04,667
Progress?
-Two years and a billion dollars' worth.
1647
01:37:06,047 --> 01:37:09,042
Hard to put a price on it.
-Not really, just add up the bills.
1648
01:37:09,084 --> 01:37:12,875
Rural free deliveries.
80 babies delivered the first year.
1649
01:37:13,584 --> 01:37:15,375
This year we've had ten, a month.
1650
01:37:16,167 --> 01:37:18,584
Birth control is a little
out of my jurisdiction, General.
1651
01:37:19,750 --> 01:37:20,834
Clearly.
-General.
1652
01:37:26,709 --> 01:37:29,625
Head down, everybody.
Fuchs, head down.
1653
01:37:37,334 --> 01:37:38,335
That's the one!
1654
01:37:38,792 --> 01:37:39,917
Two viable bombs.
1655
01:37:40,386 --> 01:37:41,377
I need a date.
1656
01:37:44,250 --> 01:37:45,250
September.
1657
01:37:45,531 --> 01:37:46,531
July.
1658
01:37:46,906 --> 01:37:48,375
That's the sweet spot, gentlemen.
1659
01:37:49,292 --> 01:37:50,292
August.
1660
01:37:50,904 --> 01:37:51,914
July.
1661
01:37:52,584 --> 01:37:53,625
Tests in July.
1662
01:37:54,542 --> 01:37:55,584
But I need my brother.
1663
01:38:00,084 --> 01:38:02,459
Frank knows the desert.
He's left politics behind.
1664
01:38:02,500 --> 01:38:04,293
He's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1665
01:38:11,875 --> 01:38:12,917
What do we call the test?
1666
01:38:15,065 --> 01:38:16,083
"Batter my heart,
1667
01:38:16,875 --> 01:38:17,959
"three-person'd God."
1668
01:38:18,520 --> 01:38:19,542
What?
1669
01:38:21,209 --> 01:38:22,211
Trinity.
1670
01:38:30,209 --> 01:38:33,625
You insisted on bringing on your
brother Frank, a known communist.
1671
01:38:33,667 --> 01:38:34,668
Former communist.
1672
01:38:35,365 --> 01:38:37,000
You brought a known former communist...
1673
01:38:37,834 --> 01:38:41,125
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
1674
01:38:41,209 --> 01:38:43,917
I knew my brother could
be trusted. Absolutely.
1675
01:38:44,500 --> 01:38:47,459
And you thought your judgment was sound
on who on the team could be trusted?
1676
01:38:48,375 --> 01:38:49,375
Fuchs, head down.
1677
01:38:50,042 --> 01:38:51,292
Okay. Everybody ready?
1678
01:39:01,292 --> 01:39:03,667
I hope you learned something.
-Yeah, we've learned we're gonna need
1679
01:39:03,709 --> 01:39:06,125
to be a lot further away.
-Well, figure it out, fast.
1680
01:39:06,417 --> 01:39:08,709
We leave for Washington in the morning.
We're going to give him a date.
1681
01:39:24,625 --> 01:39:26,417
You're a long way from Chicago, Leo.
1682
01:39:26,500 --> 01:39:29,334
If we don't act now, they're going
to use this thing against Japan.
1683
01:39:29,855 --> 01:39:32,125
We booked a meeting with Truman,
but somebody killed it.
1684
01:39:33,084 --> 01:39:34,959
You're meeting the Secretary of War.
1685
01:39:35,292 --> 01:39:38,792
Just because we're building it, doesn't
mean we get to decide how it's used.
1686
01:39:39,750 --> 01:39:41,209
History will judge us, Robert.
1687
01:39:42,667 --> 01:39:44,292
In Chicago, we put together a petition.
1688
01:39:45,375 --> 01:39:46,875
I'm not... I'm not
getting into this.
1689
01:39:52,334 --> 01:39:54,000
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relate them.
1690
01:39:54,070 --> 01:39:56,719
My concerns? Germany's defeated.
1691
01:39:57,292 --> 01:39:58,709
Japan's not going to hold out alone.
1692
01:39:58,750 --> 01:40:00,922
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
1693
01:40:01,292 --> 01:40:04,250
You and Einstein, with your letter to
Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb.
1694
01:40:04,292 --> 01:40:05,417
Against Germany.
1695
01:40:05,459 --> 01:40:08,015
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
1696
01:40:08,417 --> 01:40:09,750
Oppie, you have to help.
1697
01:40:09,792 --> 01:40:11,515
Fermi's in the meeting.
Lawrence is in the meeting.
1698
01:40:11,562 --> 01:40:14,375
They're not you. You're
the great salesman of science.
1699
01:40:14,834 --> 01:40:16,709
You can convince anyone of anything.
1700
01:40:18,292 --> 01:40:19,293
Even yourself.
1701
01:40:20,209 --> 01:40:21,214
Excuse me.
1702
01:40:22,417 --> 01:40:26,792
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people, mostly civilians.
1703
01:40:28,459 --> 01:40:31,459
I worry about America when we
do these things and no one protests.
1704
01:40:31,917 --> 01:40:34,959
Pearl Harbor, and three years
of brutal conflict in the Pacific,
1705
01:40:35,230 --> 01:40:37,542
buys a lot of latitude
with the American public.
1706
01:40:38,113 --> 01:40:39,667
Enough to unleash the atomic bomb?
1707
01:40:39,911 --> 01:40:43,292
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause as much
damage as the Tokyo bombings.
1708
01:40:43,709 --> 01:40:44,700
What are we estimating?
1709
01:40:45,048 --> 01:40:46,917
In a medium-sized city, uh...
1710
01:40:47,625 --> 01:40:49,784
20,000 or 30,000 dead.
1711
01:40:49,875 --> 01:40:51,959
Yes, but don't underestimate
1712
01:40:52,000 --> 01:40:55,550
the psychological impact
of an atomic explosion.
1713
01:40:56,167 --> 01:40:59,125
A pillar of fire, 10,000 feet tall,
1714
01:41:00,042 --> 01:41:01,917
deadly neutron effects for a mile,
1715
01:41:02,084 --> 01:41:05,792
in all directions, from one single device.
1716
01:41:06,209 --> 01:41:09,625
Dropped from a barely-noticed B-29,
the atomic bomb will be...
1717
01:41:10,917 --> 01:41:13,417
a terrible revelation of divine power.
1718
01:41:14,209 --> 01:41:16,500
If that's true, it would be definitive.
1719
01:41:17,000 --> 01:41:18,375
World War II would be over.
1720
01:41:19,042 --> 01:41:20,084
Our boys would come home.
1721
01:41:20,800 --> 01:41:21,793
Military targets?
1722
01:41:23,042 --> 01:41:24,750
But there aren't any big enough.
1723
01:41:25,167 --> 01:41:28,167
Perhaps a vital war plant,
1724
01:41:28,209 --> 01:41:30,834
with workers housed nearby.
1725
01:41:30,875 --> 01:41:33,750
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
1726
01:41:34,000 --> 01:41:36,084
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
1727
01:41:36,125 --> 01:41:37,834
and I'd be up in that plane.
1728
01:41:38,218 --> 01:41:40,750
If we announce it,
and it fails to go off,
1729
01:41:41,234 --> 01:41:43,709
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
1730
01:41:44,167 --> 01:41:48,292
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender?
1731
01:41:48,404 --> 01:41:51,375
We intend to demonstrate it in
the most unambiguous terms.
1732
01:41:51,812 --> 01:41:52,812
Twice.
1733
01:41:52,867 --> 01:41:54,719
Once to show the weapon's power,
1734
01:41:54,789 --> 01:41:58,042
and a second to show that we can
keep doing this until they surrender.
1735
01:41:58,584 --> 01:42:00,917
We have a list of
12 cities to choose from.
1736
01:42:01,784 --> 01:42:02,792
Sorry, 11.
1737
01:42:03,784 --> 01:42:05,709
I've taken Kyoto off the list,
1738
01:42:05,750 --> 01:42:08,209
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
1739
01:42:09,375 --> 01:42:11,334
Also, my wife and I honeymooned there.
1740
01:42:12,334 --> 01:42:13,459
It's a magnificent city.
1741
01:42:17,500 --> 01:42:18,875
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
1742
01:42:18,917 --> 01:42:21,459
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
1743
01:42:21,500 --> 01:42:23,334
the Japanese people will not surrender,
1744
01:42:23,917 --> 01:42:25,334
under any circumstances,
1745
01:42:25,625 --> 01:42:28,750
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
1746
01:42:29,542 --> 01:42:31,917
Many lives would be lost,
American and Japanese.
1747
01:42:32,709 --> 01:42:36,084
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities will save lives.
1748
01:42:36,500 --> 01:42:38,334
If we retain moral advantage.
1749
01:42:39,375 --> 01:42:41,084
How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
1750
01:42:41,125 --> 01:42:43,500
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat,
1751
01:42:43,542 --> 01:42:44,875
and we'll be in an arms race.
1752
01:42:45,250 --> 01:42:47,042
How open can we
be with the Soviets?
1753
01:42:47,334 --> 01:42:51,250
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from
becoming part of the atomic world.
1754
01:42:51,500 --> 01:42:54,834
We've been told they have no uranium.
-You've been misinformed.
1755
01:42:54,875 --> 01:42:56,584
A Russian bomb is a matter of time.
1756
01:42:56,625 --> 01:42:59,625
The program needs to
continue at full pace after the war.
1757
01:43:00,892 --> 01:43:02,584
Secretary Simpson, if I may,
1758
01:43:02,792 --> 01:43:06,750
not all scientists on the
project are in agreement.
1759
01:43:06,792 --> 01:43:09,459
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
1760
01:43:10,042 --> 01:43:12,334
If you talk to scientists...
-The Manhattan Project has been plagued
1761
01:43:12,375 --> 01:43:15,207
from the start by certain scientists of...
1762
01:43:15,417 --> 01:43:18,167
doubtful discretion,
and uncertain loyalty.
1763
01:43:18,292 --> 01:43:20,042
One of 'em just tried to
meet with the President.
1764
01:43:20,334 --> 01:43:21,667
Now, we need these men,
1765
01:43:22,084 --> 01:43:23,459
but as soon as it's practical,
1766
01:43:23,500 --> 01:43:25,834
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
1767
01:43:25,875 --> 01:43:26,917
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
1768
01:43:28,667 --> 01:43:30,459
If a Russian bomb is inevitable,
1769
01:43:31,209 --> 01:43:34,125
perhaps we should invite
their top scientist to Trinity.
1770
01:43:34,167 --> 01:43:37,542
President Truman has no intention
of raising expectations
1771
01:43:37,834 --> 01:43:40,292
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
1772
01:43:40,750 --> 01:43:42,125
Informing him of our breakthrough,
1773
01:43:42,150 --> 01:43:44,125
and presenting it as
a means to win the war,
1774
01:43:44,150 --> 01:43:45,875
need not make
unkeepable promises.
1775
01:43:46,191 --> 01:43:48,084
But, the Potsdam Peace Conference in July
1776
01:43:48,125 --> 01:43:51,250
will be President Truman's last
chance to have that conversation.
1777
01:43:52,542 --> 01:43:54,125
Can you give us a working bomb by then?
1778
01:43:55,459 --> 01:43:56,460
Absolutely.
1779
01:43:56,550 --> 01:43:58,250
We will test fire before the conference.
1780
01:44:03,500 --> 01:44:06,084
Ground zero. Observation posts
1781
01:44:06,125 --> 01:44:09,875
at 10,000 yards, north, south, and west.
1782
01:44:09,917 --> 01:44:12,375
Where do we trigger from?
-South, 10,000.
1783
01:44:13,167 --> 01:44:16,292
And base camp is ten miles south here.
1784
01:44:16,542 --> 01:44:21,667
And there's a further observation
post on that hill, 20 miles away.
1785
01:44:22,000 --> 01:44:24,265
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
1786
01:44:24,667 --> 01:44:28,292
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
1787
01:44:28,417 --> 01:44:30,398
What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower.
1788
01:44:30,834 --> 01:44:32,084
They want to use the test
1789
01:44:32,125 --> 01:44:34,459
to confirm a safe operating distance.
-That's risky.
1790
01:44:34,792 --> 01:44:36,500
But not as risky as
dropping one over Japan,
1791
01:44:36,542 --> 01:44:38,459
and hoping that we were
right about the blast radius.
1792
01:44:38,667 --> 01:44:40,959
Don't let 'em slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
1793
01:44:41,000 --> 01:44:43,417
The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
1794
01:44:45,033 --> 01:44:46,033
15th.
1795
01:44:47,375 --> 01:44:49,441
So I'll be here at
South Observation Point
1796
01:44:49,465 --> 01:44:51,209
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
1797
01:44:52,000 --> 01:44:54,459
You'll all be assigned to Base Camp,
1798
01:44:54,667 --> 01:44:57,084
West Observation, or Far Observation.
1799
01:45:07,292 --> 01:45:09,209
Hey, whoa, whoa! Careful with that knife.
1800
01:45:12,459 --> 01:45:13,875
Are those safe distances?
1801
01:45:14,655 --> 01:45:16,125
They're based on
your calculations.
1802
01:45:16,375 --> 01:45:19,209
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
1803
01:45:49,167 --> 01:45:50,625
What about the radiation cloud?
1804
01:45:51,042 --> 01:45:53,917
Without high winds,
it should settle within 2-3 miles.
1805
01:45:53,959 --> 01:45:55,584
Evacuation measures are in place.
1806
01:45:56,334 --> 01:45:59,042
But we need good weather
for visibility, so it has to be fine.
1807
01:46:00,792 --> 01:46:01,794
Everybody out!
1808
01:46:12,209 --> 01:46:15,040
We go on the night of the 15th.
It's a hard deadline.
1809
01:46:15,250 --> 01:46:17,667
So if anyone has anything, speak now.
1810
01:46:19,405 --> 01:46:21,875
Okay, stop, stop!
Everybody, mattresses.
1811
01:46:22,334 --> 01:46:24,042
Put the mattress there, underneath.
1812
01:46:41,292 --> 01:46:43,417
We could use a final implosion test.
1813
01:46:45,875 --> 01:46:48,000
It couldn't hurt.
-Do it.
1814
01:46:49,641 --> 01:46:51,375
Is there anything else that might stop us?
1815
01:47:26,447 --> 01:47:27,501
It's happening, isn't it?
1816
01:47:30,250 --> 01:47:31,296
I'll send a message.
1817
01:47:32,417 --> 01:47:33,667
If it's gone our way:
1818
01:47:35,459 --> 01:47:36,460
"Take in the sheets."
1819
01:47:40,834 --> 01:47:41,835
Robert.
1820
01:47:44,834 --> 01:47:45,835
Break a leg.
1821
01:47:59,209 --> 01:48:00,212
Look.
1822
01:48:52,500 --> 01:48:55,417
Oppie's taken a very
modest three kilotons.
1823
01:48:55,709 --> 01:48:57,875
Teller's view is 45.
-20!
1824
01:48:58,042 --> 01:49:00,334
20,000 tons of TNT.
1825
01:49:00,375 --> 01:49:03,584
And does anyone want the side action
on atmospheric ignition?
1826
01:49:06,334 --> 01:49:07,667
Are you saying we'll have to delay?
1827
01:49:08,167 --> 01:49:09,459
I'm saying it would be prudent.
1828
01:49:09,500 --> 01:49:10,792
This weather, has it reached the site?
1829
01:49:16,745 --> 01:49:19,000
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
1830
01:49:19,042 --> 01:49:20,959
Hello, Hans? Yes, he's here.
1831
01:49:22,542 --> 01:49:23,549
Yes.
1832
01:49:26,250 --> 01:49:27,250
Is he wrong?
1833
01:49:27,450 --> 01:49:28,450
No.
-No?
1834
01:49:28,903 --> 01:49:29,888
No.
1835
01:49:30,610 --> 01:49:31,792
So we're about to fire a dud?
1836
01:49:32,690 --> 01:49:33,959
No.
-Explain!
1837
01:49:34,248 --> 01:49:35,542
Well, I can't. I just, I...
1838
01:49:35,720 --> 01:49:38,259
I just know, I know the
implosion lenses will work.
1839
01:49:38,292 --> 01:49:40,875
If we fire these detonators
and they don't trigger a reaction,
1840
01:49:40,917 --> 01:49:44,167
two years' worth of plutonium will
be scattered across White Sands.
1841
01:49:44,334 --> 01:49:47,042
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
1842
01:49:48,167 --> 01:49:49,167
Oh, Jesus!
1843
01:49:56,125 --> 01:49:59,331
The wind's pickin' up at zero,
not the rain. Lightning's circling.
1844
01:49:59,606 --> 01:50:01,919
Think it might be time to
tell your men to get away
1845
01:50:01,943 --> 01:50:03,959
from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
1846
01:50:07,709 --> 01:50:09,220
Let's get to South Observation.
1847
01:50:09,298 --> 01:50:11,292
Pull 'em out, and we can
make our determination there.
1848
01:50:17,375 --> 01:50:19,250
The team hasn't slept in two nights!
1849
01:50:19,667 --> 01:50:22,917
If we stand down and make the bomb
safe, we won't be back here for weeks!
1850
01:50:22,991 --> 01:50:24,250
And we'll miss Potsdam!
1851
01:50:24,625 --> 01:50:27,792
I gotta get word to Truman
by seven, our window's closing.
1852
01:50:27,881 --> 01:50:30,167
What is this doing?
-Raining, blowing, lightning.
1853
01:50:30,209 --> 01:50:32,311
For how long, damnit?
-Holdin' strong!
1854
01:50:32,405 --> 01:50:33,667
It'll break before dawn.
1855
01:50:34,042 --> 01:50:35,625
How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
1856
01:50:35,667 --> 01:50:38,334
Storm cools overnight.
Just before dawn, storm breaks.
1857
01:50:38,625 --> 01:50:39,639
You could be right,
1858
01:50:39,663 --> 01:50:41,881
but schedule as late as possible.
-Five-thirty.
1859
01:50:42,625 --> 01:50:45,125
Sign your forecast.
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
1860
01:50:45,250 --> 01:50:48,209
Tell 'em all. Five-thirty.
-Five-thirty, five-thirty!
1861
01:50:51,000 --> 01:50:55,709
Three years, 4,000 people,
two billion dollars.
1862
01:50:55,959 --> 01:50:57,375
Well, if it doesn't go off,
1863
01:50:58,459 --> 01:50:59,500
we're both finished.
1864
01:51:02,542 --> 01:51:04,209
I'm betting on three kilotons.
1865
01:51:05,417 --> 01:51:07,084
Anything less, they won't get what it is.
1866
01:51:08,042 --> 01:51:11,535
Now, what did Fermi mean by,
uh, atmospheric ignition?
1867
01:51:11,750 --> 01:51:14,167
Well, we had a moment where
it looked like the chain reaction
1868
01:51:14,209 --> 01:51:16,500
from an atomic device might never stop.
1869
01:51:17,750 --> 01:51:19,175
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
1870
01:51:19,625 --> 01:51:22,167
Why's Fermi still taking side bets on it?
1871
01:51:22,959 --> 01:51:24,511
Call it gallows humor.
1872
01:51:27,542 --> 01:51:32,036
Wait, are we saying there's a chance
that when we push that button,
1873
01:51:32,542 --> 01:51:33,709
we destroy the world?
1874
01:51:33,959 --> 01:51:36,792
Nothing in our research over
three years supports that conclusion,
1875
01:51:37,625 --> 01:51:40,375
except as the most remote possibility.
1876
01:51:41,334 --> 01:51:43,417
How remote?
-Chances are near-zero.
1877
01:51:45,000 --> 01:51:46,001
Near-zero?
1878
01:51:47,250 --> 01:51:48,750
What do you want from theory alone?
1879
01:51:51,334 --> 01:51:53,084
Zero would be nice.
1880
01:51:56,709 --> 01:51:59,292
In exactly one hour...
1881
01:51:59,667 --> 01:52:02,459
and 58 minutes, we'll know.
1882
01:52:09,417 --> 01:52:10,418
It's letting up.
1883
01:52:23,500 --> 01:52:25,667
The arming party's left zero,
they're heading this way.
1884
01:52:25,709 --> 01:52:26,709
Throw on your switches.
1885
01:52:26,917 --> 01:52:29,625
Turn the cars! Ready
for emergency evacuation.
1886
01:52:48,250 --> 01:52:50,625
...welder's glass.
Everybody take their places.
1887
01:52:51,500 --> 01:52:53,292
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1888
01:52:55,167 --> 01:52:56,709
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1889
01:53:48,417 --> 01:53:49,420
20 minutes.
1890
01:53:53,750 --> 01:53:54,751
20 minutes!
1891
01:54:06,084 --> 01:54:07,084
That's 20!
1892
01:54:10,792 --> 01:54:11,792
On the leg, please.
1893
01:54:13,425 --> 01:54:15,000
Feynman?
-No.
1894
01:54:15,917 --> 01:54:17,875
The glass stops the UV.
1895
01:54:18,375 --> 01:54:19,500
What stops the glass?
1896
01:54:21,459 --> 01:54:22,460
I'm heading to base camp.
1897
01:54:22,855 --> 01:54:23,855
Best of luck.
1898
01:54:24,875 --> 01:54:25,878
Robert?
1899
01:54:27,375 --> 01:54:28,459
Try not to blow up the world.
1900
01:54:40,917 --> 01:54:43,422
Watch that needle.
If the detonators don't charge,
1901
01:54:43,539 --> 01:54:45,250
and the voltage drops below one volt,
1902
01:54:45,417 --> 01:54:47,834
you hit that button,
you abort. Understood?
1903
01:54:48,656 --> 01:54:49,656
Understood.
1904
01:54:57,250 --> 01:54:59,118
Two minutes to detonation.
1905
01:54:59,594 --> 01:55:00,594
Everybody down!
1906
01:55:01,709 --> 01:55:04,417
Do not turn around until you
see light reflected on the hills.
1907
01:55:05,834 --> 01:55:08,584
Then look at the explosion
only through your welder's glass.
1908
01:55:08,625 --> 01:55:11,167
90 seconds to detonation.
1909
01:55:12,959 --> 01:55:15,292
80 seconds to detonation.
1910
01:55:16,209 --> 01:55:17,443
Is it rubbed in?
1911
01:55:18,250 --> 01:55:19,268
Yeah.
1912
01:55:25,917 --> 01:55:28,584
60 seconds to detonation.
1913
01:55:43,500 --> 01:55:45,250
These things are hard on your heart.
1914
01:55:45,875 --> 01:55:46,875
30 seconds.
1915
01:55:52,625 --> 01:55:53,667
Detonators charged!
1916
01:56:04,250 --> 01:56:05,460
17.
1917
01:56:05,547 --> 01:56:06,773
16.
1918
01:56:07,281 --> 01:56:08,491
15.
1919
01:56:08,875 --> 01:56:09,875
14.
1920
01:56:10,860 --> 01:56:11,876
13.
1921
01:56:12,584 --> 01:56:13,586
12.
1922
01:56:14,084 --> 01:56:15,087
11.
1923
01:56:15,985 --> 01:56:17,004
Ten.
1924
01:56:18,167 --> 01:56:19,173
Nine.
1925
01:56:20,125 --> 01:56:21,119
Eight.
1926
01:56:22,375 --> 01:56:23,384
Seven.
1927
01:56:24,875 --> 01:56:25,895
Six.
1928
01:56:27,792 --> 01:56:28,804
Five.
1929
01:56:30,417 --> 01:56:31,417
Four.
1930
01:56:32,959 --> 01:56:33,959
Three.
1931
01:56:35,500 --> 01:56:36,500
Two.
1932
01:56:37,792 --> 01:56:38,584
One.
1933
01:58:11,834 --> 01:58:14,115
"And now I am become Death...
1934
01:58:16,504 --> 01:58:17,959
"the destroyer of worlds."
1935
01:58:51,667 --> 01:58:52,667
It worked.
1936
01:59:28,292 --> 01:59:29,459
You owe me ten dollars!
1937
01:59:32,418 --> 01:59:35,125
Come on!
-I... I'm good for it, Kisti.
1938
01:59:36,064 --> 01:59:37,064
You are!
1939
01:59:37,994 --> 01:59:39,084
Yes, you are!
1940
02:00:16,834 --> 02:00:18,292
Get me Potsdam right away.
1941
02:00:30,101 --> 02:00:31,167
Get a message to Kitty.
1942
02:00:31,792 --> 02:00:33,959
We can't say anything.
-Tell her to take in the sheets.
1943
02:00:49,819 --> 02:00:51,459
Hello?
-Hi, Kitty?
1944
02:00:51,500 --> 02:00:54,584
What? What? Charlotte?
Charlotte, go ahead. Go ahead.
1945
02:00:54,667 --> 02:00:56,250
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
1946
02:00:56,292 --> 02:00:58,750
he just said to tell you
to bring in the sheets.
1947
02:01:01,959 --> 02:01:02,961
Kitty?
1948
02:01:04,584 --> 02:01:06,792
Kitty? Kitty, are you still there?
1949
02:01:14,209 --> 02:01:17,334
If they detonate it too high in the air,
the blast won't be as powerful.
1950
02:01:17,750 --> 02:01:20,959
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
we'll take it from here.
1951
02:01:31,834 --> 02:01:33,965
Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam?
1952
02:01:34,917 --> 02:01:37,292
"Brief" would be an overstatement.
1953
02:01:37,334 --> 02:01:40,917
He referred to a powerful
new weapon.
1954
02:01:41,625 --> 02:01:46,292
Stalin... hoped we'd use it against Japan.
1955
02:01:47,834 --> 02:01:48,834
That's it?
1956
02:01:49,417 --> 02:01:52,625
Robert, we've given them an ace.
It's for them to play the hand.
1957
02:01:55,042 --> 02:01:56,125
You're aiming for the sixth?
1958
02:01:57,277 --> 02:01:59,042
It's up to the CO in the Pacific.
1959
02:02:00,917 --> 02:02:02,125
Should I come with you to Washington?
1960
02:02:04,334 --> 02:02:05,334
What for?
1961
02:02:07,819 --> 02:02:09,000
Well, you keep me informed.
1962
02:02:10,850 --> 02:02:11,850
Of course.
1963
02:02:14,125 --> 02:02:15,126
As best I can.
1964
02:02:33,417 --> 02:02:35,834
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
1965
02:02:37,375 --> 02:02:38,380
I don't know.
1966
02:02:41,334 --> 02:02:42,709
Have you seen Szilard's petition?
1967
02:02:43,375 --> 02:02:45,250
How the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
1968
02:02:46,084 --> 02:02:47,084
You're not signing it, are you?
1969
02:02:48,209 --> 02:02:49,917
Many people have.
A lot of people.
1970
02:02:50,670 --> 02:02:51,678
Edward...
1971
02:02:53,209 --> 02:02:56,000
the fact that we built this bomb
does not give us any more,
1972
02:02:56,042 --> 02:02:57,667
any more right or responsibility
1973
02:02:57,792 --> 02:02:59,959
to decide how it's used than anyone else.
1974
02:03:00,334 --> 02:03:01,917
But we're the only
people who know about it.
1975
02:03:02,667 --> 02:03:05,209
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
1976
02:03:05,792 --> 02:03:06,791
But what's your opinion?
1977
02:03:08,334 --> 02:03:09,334
Once it's used...
1978
02:03:10,875 --> 02:03:12,542
nuclear war, perhaps...
1979
02:03:13,542 --> 02:03:14,745
all war...
1980
02:03:16,151 --> 02:03:17,167
becomes unthinkable.
1981
02:03:18,125 --> 02:03:19,834
Until somebody
builds a bigger one.
1982
02:03:41,167 --> 02:03:42,334
I thought they would call.
1983
02:03:42,709 --> 02:03:44,042
It's only the fifth.
1984
02:03:46,706 --> 02:03:48,334
In Japan, it's the sixth.
1985
02:04:01,542 --> 02:04:02,538
Charlotte?
1986
02:04:05,125 --> 02:04:06,127
Try Groves.
1987
02:04:07,679 --> 02:04:08,668
Anything?
1988
02:04:11,125 --> 02:04:13,375
Charlotte?
-Truman's on the radio.
1989
02:04:14,834 --> 02:04:16,750
16 hours ago,
1990
02:04:17,750 --> 02:04:19,500
an American airplane
1991
02:04:19,917 --> 02:04:22,894
dropped one bomb on Hiroshima,
1992
02:04:24,584 --> 02:04:27,471
and destroyed its
usefulness to the enemy.
1993
02:04:29,750 --> 02:04:31,834
The bomb has more power
1994
02:04:32,292 --> 02:04:35,334
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
1995
02:04:37,834 --> 02:04:39,542
It is an atomic bomb.
1996
02:04:42,459 --> 02:04:46,792
It is a harnessing of the
basic power of the universe.
1997
02:04:49,584 --> 02:04:50,587
Groves on one.
1998
02:04:56,792 --> 02:04:57,789
General?
1999
02:04:57,834 --> 02:05:00,000
I'm very proud of you,
and all of your people.
2000
02:05:00,709 --> 02:05:01,709
It went alright?
2001
02:05:02,292 --> 02:05:04,542
Apparently it went with a tremendous bang.
2002
02:05:05,820 --> 02:05:09,625
Well, everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
2003
02:05:11,410 --> 02:05:12,625
It's been a long road.
2004
02:05:13,084 --> 02:05:15,250
I think one of the
wisest things I ever did
2005
02:05:15,292 --> 02:05:17,792
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
2006
02:05:21,209 --> 02:05:24,834
We have spent more
than two billion dollars
2007
02:05:25,334 --> 02:05:28,834
on the greatest scientific
gamble in history,
2008
02:05:29,709 --> 02:05:31,167
and we have won.
2009
02:05:37,084 --> 02:05:39,792
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2010
02:06:59,709 --> 02:07:00,709
The world...
2011
02:07:02,750 --> 02:07:03,792
will remember this day.
2012
02:07:23,167 --> 02:07:24,417
It's too soon to...
2013
02:07:25,417 --> 02:07:27,000
It's too soon to determine
2014
02:07:27,375 --> 02:07:29,084
what the results of the bombing are.
2015
02:07:32,584 --> 02:07:34,125
But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it.
2016
02:07:55,000 --> 02:07:56,001
I'm so proud.
2017
02:07:57,667 --> 02:07:59,417
So proud of what you have accomplished.
2018
02:08:07,334 --> 02:08:09,959
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2019
02:09:59,709 --> 02:10:00,693
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2020
02:10:02,125 --> 02:10:03,109
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2021
02:10:04,417 --> 02:10:05,407
Nice picture.
2022
02:10:06,250 --> 02:10:07,375
President Truman will see you now.
2023
02:10:22,250 --> 02:10:25,000
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
2024
02:10:25,042 --> 02:10:26,701
Mr. President.
-Please.
2025
02:10:27,042 --> 02:10:28,061
Thank you.
2026
02:10:28,709 --> 02:10:29,834
Secretary Byrnes.
2027
02:10:32,625 --> 02:10:35,417
How's it feel to be the most
famous man in the world?
2028
02:10:36,542 --> 02:10:39,167
You helped save a lot of American lives.
2029
02:10:39,831 --> 02:10:43,776
What we did at Hiroshima was...
-And Nagasaki.
2030
02:10:44,959 --> 02:10:46,339
Obviously.
2031
02:10:47,125 --> 02:10:50,167
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2032
02:10:50,209 --> 02:10:53,308
Well, it was hardly... my invention.
2033
02:10:53,709 --> 02:10:55,625
It was you on the cover of Time.
2034
02:10:58,667 --> 02:11:02,167
Jim tells me you're concerned
about an arms race with the Soviets.
2035
02:11:02,459 --> 02:11:03,500
Ah, yes, ah...
2036
02:11:05,167 --> 02:11:06,152
Well, um...
2037
02:11:06,625 --> 02:11:10,500
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure...
2038
02:11:11,875 --> 02:11:14,667
international cooperation
on atomic energy,
2039
02:11:14,709 --> 02:11:16,959
and-and-and I'm concerned...
2040
02:11:17,000 --> 02:11:19,797
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2041
02:11:20,250 --> 02:11:21,750
I don't think I could give a...
2042
02:11:21,875 --> 02:11:22,875
Never!
2043
02:11:24,125 --> 02:11:25,125
Never.
2044
02:11:25,750 --> 02:11:29,000
Mr. President, the Russians
have good physicists,
2045
02:11:29,042 --> 02:11:31,667
and, and abundant resources...
-Abundant?
2046
02:11:31,750 --> 02:11:32,751
Yes.
2047
02:11:33,282 --> 02:11:35,000
I don't think so.
2048
02:11:35,500 --> 02:11:38,709
Well, they'll put
everything they have in...
2049
02:11:42,792 --> 02:11:46,250
I hear you're leaving Los Alamos.
2050
02:11:47,667 --> 02:11:48,928
What should we do with it?
2051
02:11:49,292 --> 02:11:50,625
Give it back to the Indians.
2052
02:11:58,875 --> 02:12:01,250
Um, Dr. Oppenheimer...
2053
02:12:02,250 --> 02:12:04,709
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2054
02:12:05,417 --> 02:12:09,292
we have to build up Los Alamos,
not shut it down.
2055
02:12:13,125 --> 02:12:14,292
Mr. President...
2056
02:12:16,042 --> 02:12:17,042
Umm...
2057
02:12:20,209 --> 02:12:23,625
I feel that I have
blood on my hands.
2058
02:12:43,625 --> 02:12:46,625
You think anyone
in Hiroshima, or...
2059
02:12:47,693 --> 02:12:51,625
Nagasaki, gives a shit who built the bomb?
2060
02:12:55,459 --> 02:12:57,084
They care who dropped it.
2061
02:12:58,459 --> 02:12:59,460
I did.
2062
02:13:02,292 --> 02:13:04,250
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2063
02:13:11,042 --> 02:13:12,334
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2064
02:13:24,042 --> 02:13:26,250
Don't let that crybaby back in here!
2065
02:13:31,875 --> 02:13:34,792
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2066
02:13:35,834 --> 02:13:38,084
By the time I met him, he'd fully embraced
2067
02:13:38,125 --> 02:13:40,042
his "Father of the Bomb" reputation.
2068
02:13:40,959 --> 02:13:43,500
And used his profile to influence policy.
2069
02:13:52,667 --> 02:13:54,084
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
2070
02:13:54,125 --> 02:13:56,375
would you say that you
exerted a great influence
2071
02:13:56,417 --> 02:13:58,250
on the atomic policies of the USA?
2072
02:13:58,292 --> 02:14:00,459
I think "great" would
be an overstatement.
2073
02:14:00,667 --> 02:14:02,875
Really? I mean, look
at the issue of isotopes.
2074
02:14:02,917 --> 02:14:06,500
Were you not personally responsible for
destroying all opposition to their export?
2075
02:14:06,722 --> 02:14:08,542
...could use a bottle of beer
2076
02:14:09,167 --> 02:14:11,085
in making atomic weapons. In fact, you do.
2077
02:14:11,500 --> 02:14:15,250
I was the spokesman, but the opinion
among scientists was unanimous.
2078
02:14:15,542 --> 02:14:18,584
All along, with McCarthy on the rise,
he knew he was vulnerable.
2079
02:14:19,351 --> 02:14:22,834
His brother was blacklisted
by every university in the country.
2080
02:14:24,500 --> 02:14:27,209
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2081
02:14:29,375 --> 02:14:31,375
Chevalier went into exile.
2082
02:14:33,667 --> 02:14:36,167
But none of that stopped Robert
2083
02:14:36,209 --> 02:14:38,889
from pushing the GAC
to recommend arms control,
2084
02:14:38,913 --> 02:14:39,917
instead of the H-Bomb.
2085
02:14:42,209 --> 02:14:45,334
He was devastated when Truman
rejected their recommendation.
2086
02:14:47,625 --> 02:14:49,292
I miss Richard more than I can bear.
2087
02:14:49,625 --> 02:14:51,084
I know, Ruth. I know.
2088
02:14:51,521 --> 02:14:54,417
I'm just glad he didn't live
to see where this has all gone.
2089
02:14:57,792 --> 02:15:00,500
Here comes the
birthday boy, to gloat...
2090
02:15:00,959 --> 02:15:01,944
Have fun.
2091
02:15:02,709 --> 02:15:04,625
Robert, my son and his fiancée
2092
02:15:04,667 --> 02:15:07,167
are desperate to meet the
father of the atomic bomb, so...
2093
02:15:07,191 --> 02:15:08,183
Hello.
2094
02:15:16,417 --> 02:15:17,419
Is this a bad time?
2095
02:15:18,417 --> 02:15:19,461
What do you think, Lewis?
2096
02:15:20,084 --> 02:15:21,667
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
2097
02:15:22,334 --> 02:15:23,335
For the world.
2098
02:15:24,959 --> 02:15:27,709
The world? What does Fuchs
mean to the rest of the world?
2099
02:15:29,625 --> 02:15:30,652
Fuchs?
2100
02:15:31,082 --> 02:15:32,083
Klaus Fuchs?
2101
02:15:34,092 --> 02:15:36,209
Oh dear. You haven't heard.
2102
02:15:39,542 --> 02:15:41,459
Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist
2103
02:15:41,500 --> 02:15:44,084
that you put onto the
implosion team at Los Alamos.
2104
02:15:45,584 --> 02:15:46,709
Turns out he was...
2105
02:15:47,303 --> 02:15:49,584
He was spying for the
Soviets the whole time.
2106
02:15:50,144 --> 02:15:51,134
I'm sorry.
2107
02:15:57,042 --> 02:15:59,566
After the truth about
Fuchs came out,
2108
02:15:59,834 --> 02:16:01,875
the FBI stepped up surveillance on him.
2109
02:16:02,084 --> 02:16:03,584
He knew his phone was tapped.
2110
02:16:04,750 --> 02:16:05,834
He was followed everywhere.
2111
02:16:06,959 --> 02:16:08,084
His trash picked through.
2112
02:16:12,125 --> 02:16:14,209
But he never stopped
speaking his mind.
2113
02:16:14,750 --> 02:16:15,917
A man of conviction.
2114
02:16:16,500 --> 02:16:19,209
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2115
02:16:21,584 --> 02:16:23,917
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2116
02:16:26,167 --> 02:16:27,084
He took it.
2117
02:16:27,126 --> 02:16:30,292
America and Russia may be likened...
2118
02:16:31,667 --> 02:16:33,667
to two scorpions in a bottle.
2119
02:16:33,903 --> 02:16:37,125
Each capable of killing the other,
2120
02:16:37,334 --> 02:16:40,092
but only at the risk of his own life.
2121
02:16:40,792 --> 02:16:42,834
Now, there are various
aspects of this policy...
2122
02:16:42,875 --> 02:16:47,250
A lot of scientists blame me,
but how was I supposed to protect him?
2123
02:16:47,292 --> 02:16:49,334
...are too secret for discussion.
2124
02:16:49,542 --> 02:16:51,375
Candor is the only remedy.
2125
02:16:51,584 --> 02:16:55,209
Officials in Washington need to start
leveling with the American people.
2126
02:16:56,834 --> 02:16:59,042
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2127
02:16:59,084 --> 02:17:01,707
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
2128
02:17:01,875 --> 02:17:04,084
And with it, his credibility.
2129
02:17:04,625 --> 02:17:06,250
But how could they do it?
2130
02:17:06,792 --> 02:17:08,042
He was a war hero.
2131
02:17:08,084 --> 02:17:10,125
He'd already told everyone about his past.
2132
02:17:10,167 --> 02:17:11,828
Borden dredged it all up.
2133
02:17:12,167 --> 02:17:15,459
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2134
02:17:15,500 --> 02:17:16,500
Could it have been Nichols?
2135
02:17:16,834 --> 02:17:18,375
No, I can't imagine he'd do that.
2136
02:17:19,250 --> 02:17:22,959
Whoever did unleashed a firestorm
that burned a path in the White House,
2137
02:17:23,334 --> 02:17:25,334
right to my desk at the AEC.
2138
02:17:26,292 --> 02:17:27,709
You seen 'em in there, right?
2139
02:17:28,500 --> 02:17:30,883
I've worked my whole life to get here.
2140
02:17:31,750 --> 02:17:33,875
The cabinet of the
United States of America,
2141
02:17:33,917 --> 02:17:35,625
and now, in front of the entire country,
2142
02:17:36,000 --> 02:17:37,500
they want to put me back in my place.
2143
02:17:39,375 --> 02:17:40,792
A lowly shoe salesman.
2144
02:17:41,821 --> 02:17:43,667
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2145
02:17:43,959 --> 02:17:45,959
I think we can get the Senate to grasp
2146
02:17:46,000 --> 02:17:48,250
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2147
02:17:48,459 --> 02:17:51,375
Now, will Hill's testimony back us up?
-Hill will be fine.
2148
02:17:51,417 --> 02:17:54,750
I don't really know him, but he was
one of Szilard's boys in Chicago.
2149
02:17:54,792 --> 02:17:56,491
And they'd never forgave Robert for not
2150
02:17:56,515 --> 02:17:58,750
supporting the petition
against bombing Japan.
2151
02:18:00,042 --> 02:18:03,042
This was taken 31 days after the bombing.
2152
02:18:04,375 --> 02:18:08,542
Virtually everyone in the streets,
for nearly a mile around,
2153
02:18:09,375 --> 02:18:10,959
was instantly and seriously...
2154
02:18:11,792 --> 02:18:12,780
burned.
2155
02:18:13,792 --> 02:18:17,151
The Japanese spoke of people who
2156
02:18:17,375 --> 02:18:21,125
wore striped clothing, upon whom
the skin was burned in stripes.
2157
02:18:22,417 --> 02:18:24,339
There were many who
thought themselves lucky,
2158
02:18:25,072 --> 02:18:27,292
who climbed out of the
ruins of their homes,
2159
02:18:27,709 --> 02:18:28,834
only slightly injured.
2160
02:18:30,701 --> 02:18:31,709
But they died anyway.
2161
02:18:33,167 --> 02:18:35,500
They died days, or weeks later,
2162
02:18:36,424 --> 02:18:38,959
from iridium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2163
02:18:39,625 --> 02:18:41,209
at the moment of the explosion.
2164
02:18:43,084 --> 02:18:44,750
Did you read this
crap in the papers?
2165
02:18:45,125 --> 02:18:46,709
A British physicist is saying
2166
02:18:46,959 --> 02:18:49,625
the atomic bombings were
not the last act of World War II,
2167
02:18:49,936 --> 02:18:52,667
but the first act of this
cold war with Russia.
2168
02:18:53,326 --> 02:18:54,315
Which physicist?
2169
02:18:54,667 --> 02:18:56,917
I think you knew him.
Patrick Blackett.
2170
02:19:00,292 --> 02:19:03,167
He may not be wrong.
Stimson is now telling me
2171
02:19:03,250 --> 02:19:06,167
we bombed an enemy that
was essentially defeated.
2172
02:19:06,375 --> 02:19:08,500
Robert, you've all the influence now.
2173
02:19:09,839 --> 02:19:10,826
Please,
2174
02:19:11,542 --> 02:19:13,584
urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
2175
02:19:13,917 --> 02:19:15,542
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2176
02:19:15,944 --> 02:19:16,942
Why not?
2177
02:19:17,292 --> 02:19:18,944
It's not the right use of our resources.
2178
02:19:19,459 --> 02:19:20,792
Is that what you really believe?
2179
02:19:21,775 --> 02:19:25,542
J. Robert Oppenheimer?
Sphinx-like guru of the atom?
2180
02:19:27,209 --> 02:19:28,709
Nobody knows what you believe.
2181
02:19:29,917 --> 02:19:31,459
Do you? Hmm?
2182
02:19:32,334 --> 02:19:36,167
One final time, our program director,
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2183
02:19:38,042 --> 02:19:40,000
I hope that in years to come,
2184
02:19:40,334 --> 02:19:42,625
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
2185
02:19:43,709 --> 02:19:47,642
But today, that pride must be tempered
with a profound concern.
2186
02:19:49,682 --> 02:19:53,167
If atomic weapons are to be added
to the arsenals of a warring world,
2187
02:19:54,917 --> 02:19:58,750
then the day will come when people
will curse the name of Los Alamos.
2188
02:20:03,209 --> 02:20:04,225
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2189
02:20:05,125 --> 02:20:06,292
Stopped off to get this.
2190
02:20:07,417 --> 02:20:08,667
Seems pretty favorable.
2191
02:20:09,959 --> 02:20:12,042
There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption?
2192
02:20:12,170 --> 02:20:15,107
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Strauss fought him...
2193
02:20:17,043 --> 02:20:18,125
"and the US won."
2194
02:20:19,709 --> 02:20:20,709
That'll work.
2195
02:20:21,100 --> 02:20:22,792
Those were your words from the other day.
2196
02:20:23,042 --> 02:20:24,043
We needed to pivot.
2197
02:20:24,865 --> 02:20:27,506
But how would you know what
Time Magazine was gonna write?
2198
02:20:27,709 --> 02:20:29,250
Henry Luce is a friend.
2199
02:20:37,167 --> 02:20:39,375
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2200
02:20:40,167 --> 02:20:42,000
but you've been
far ahead all along.
2201
02:20:42,559 --> 02:20:44,542
Survival in Washington.
2202
02:20:45,459 --> 02:20:47,084
It's about knowing how to get things done.
2203
02:20:48,167 --> 02:20:49,191
Right.
2204
02:20:51,334 --> 02:20:52,625
What was it you said about Borden?
2205
02:20:53,299 --> 02:20:55,042
Why get caught holding
the knife yourself?
2206
02:20:57,555 --> 02:21:00,209
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2207
02:21:03,313 --> 02:21:05,167
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2208
02:21:05,209 --> 02:21:07,125
Borden's been able to exert on Teller.
2209
02:21:08,375 --> 02:21:09,625
Did I say something funny?
2210
02:21:09,789 --> 02:21:14,209
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden",
when we all know that it's Strauss.
2211
02:21:14,667 --> 02:21:16,625
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
2212
02:21:17,292 --> 02:21:19,783
And then you humiliated
him in front of Congress.
2213
02:21:19,863 --> 02:21:21,417
But more useful than a sandwich!
2214
02:21:25,417 --> 02:21:26,419
How'd I do?
2215
02:21:27,834 --> 02:21:29,250
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2216
02:21:29,917 --> 02:21:31,062
That was six years ago.
2217
02:21:31,209 --> 02:21:34,584
You know, they're truly vindictive,
patient as saints.
2218
02:21:34,875 --> 02:21:37,292
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2219
02:21:38,334 --> 02:21:41,125
Wake up! It is Strauss!
2220
02:21:41,334 --> 02:21:43,250
It's always been Strauss, and you know it!
2221
02:21:44,250 --> 02:21:45,584
Why won't you fight him?
2222
02:21:49,209 --> 02:21:52,815
It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover,
or one of Truman's guys.
2223
02:21:52,873 --> 02:21:53,873
It was you.
2224
02:21:54,366 --> 02:21:55,584
You gave the file to Borden.
2225
02:21:55,792 --> 02:21:57,250
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2226
02:21:57,417 --> 02:21:58,584
You convinced him...
-Borden...
2227
02:22:00,000 --> 02:22:01,959
didn't take any convincing.
2228
02:22:02,376 --> 02:22:03,875
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2229
02:22:04,250 --> 02:22:06,334
Write up your conclusions,
send them to the FBI.
2230
02:22:06,667 --> 02:22:08,834
The material's obviously extensive,
2231
02:22:08,875 --> 02:22:10,917
but there's nothing new here.
2232
02:22:11,167 --> 02:22:12,292
Your conclusions will be.
2233
02:22:13,307 --> 02:22:14,625
And they'll have to be answered.
2234
02:22:15,500 --> 02:22:17,000
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2235
02:22:17,459 --> 02:22:20,042
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2236
02:22:20,667 --> 02:22:21,792
I've talked it over with Hoover.
2237
02:22:21,834 --> 02:22:25,250
He'll hold McCarthy at bay
while you do this with the AEC.
2238
02:22:25,834 --> 02:22:27,709
Trial?
-No, no trial.
2239
02:22:27,750 --> 02:22:30,250
You can't give Oppenheimer a platform.
2240
02:22:30,709 --> 02:22:31,750
You can't martyr him.
2241
02:22:32,735 --> 02:22:35,917
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility,
2242
02:22:35,959 --> 02:22:39,167
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2243
02:22:40,375 --> 02:22:41,377
Then what?
2244
02:22:42,875 --> 02:22:45,917
A shabby little room.
Far from the limelight.
2245
02:22:51,959 --> 02:22:56,084
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
His Q clearance. It's up for renewal.
2246
02:22:56,459 --> 02:22:59,042
You send your accusations to the FBI...
2247
02:23:01,542 --> 02:23:04,500
Hoover sends them to the AEC.
You're forced to act.
2248
02:23:05,250 --> 02:23:06,542
You write up an indictment.
2249
02:23:07,084 --> 02:23:10,334
You tell Oppenheimer his security
clearance is not being renewed.
2250
02:23:11,084 --> 02:23:12,750
But offer him the chance to appeal.
2251
02:23:12,917 --> 02:23:15,000
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2252
02:23:15,375 --> 02:23:16,875
May I keep this?
-No.
2253
02:23:17,750 --> 02:23:21,250
If you do decide to appeal,
they'll have to send you a copy.
2254
02:23:21,792 --> 02:23:26,334
When he appeals, and trust me,
he will, I appoint a board.
2255
02:23:27,334 --> 02:23:29,084
They will, of course, have counsel.
2256
02:23:30,042 --> 02:23:31,625
Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
2257
02:23:31,834 --> 02:23:33,792
Who?
-Roger Robb.
2258
02:23:33,834 --> 02:23:34,832
Ouch.
2259
02:23:34,875 --> 02:23:38,125
Robb will have security clearance
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2260
02:23:38,250 --> 02:23:40,792
As will the Gray Board.
Defense counsel will not.
2261
02:23:42,500 --> 02:23:43,500
A closed hearing.
2262
02:23:43,750 --> 02:23:47,834
The so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me...
2263
02:23:47,875 --> 02:23:51,500
No audience, no reporters,
no burden of proof.
2264
02:23:52,000 --> 02:23:53,001
No burden of proof?
2265
02:23:55,000 --> 02:23:56,000
We're not convicting.
2266
02:23:57,167 --> 02:23:58,709
We're just denying.
2267
02:24:04,625 --> 02:24:06,542
What is it you said?
2268
02:24:07,542 --> 02:24:10,709
This is just how the game is played.
2269
02:24:11,542 --> 02:24:12,959
Well, forgive my naivete.
2270
02:24:13,875 --> 02:24:17,375
Amateurs seek the sun, get eaten.
2271
02:24:18,917 --> 02:24:21,959
Power stays in the shadows.
2272
02:24:22,250 --> 02:24:25,167
But, sir, you're... you're
out of the shadows now.
2273
02:24:25,209 --> 02:24:27,000
Yeah, that's why this has to work.
2274
02:24:27,167 --> 02:24:28,153
Well...
2275
02:24:30,095 --> 02:24:31,792
Teller's testifying this morning.
2276
02:24:32,042 --> 02:24:33,292
That'll help. And then...
2277
02:24:34,681 --> 02:24:35,981
Hill is in the afternoon.
2278
02:24:36,006 --> 02:24:37,250
Hill is gonna help us too.
2279
02:24:40,625 --> 02:24:42,959
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2280
02:24:43,875 --> 02:24:45,167
May I keep this?
-No.
2281
02:24:48,000 --> 02:24:52,417
If you do decide to appeal, then
they'll have to send you a copy.
2282
02:24:56,459 --> 02:24:58,375
Take my car and driver, I insist.
2283
02:25:03,334 --> 02:25:05,209
I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis.
2284
02:25:05,417 --> 02:25:08,084
Of course. But don't take too long.
2285
02:25:08,250 --> 02:25:09,750
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2286
02:25:16,417 --> 02:25:18,227
I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert.
2287
02:25:18,792 --> 02:25:19,793
I think it's wrong.
2288
02:25:33,292 --> 02:25:36,250
Nichols wants me to fight,
so he can get it all on the record.
2289
02:25:36,831 --> 02:25:38,209
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2290
02:25:38,651 --> 02:25:43,105
Strauss knows that you can't do that.
You'd be accepting the charges.
2291
02:25:44,001 --> 02:25:45,209
You'll lose your job.
2292
02:25:45,542 --> 02:25:48,292
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2293
02:25:48,584 --> 02:25:49,834
Robert, we have to fight.
2294
02:25:53,334 --> 02:25:55,375
As AEC counsel, I can't represent you.
2295
02:25:55,959 --> 02:25:57,084
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2296
02:25:57,709 --> 02:25:58,710
Oh, he's good.
2297
02:25:58,959 --> 02:26:01,959
The best, but I have to warn you.
2298
02:26:03,750 --> 02:26:04,959
This won't be a fair fight.
2299
02:26:05,834 --> 02:26:09,792
During your interview with Boris Pash
in 1943, did you refer to microfilm?
2300
02:26:10,042 --> 02:26:13,250
No.
-Tab 11, page one, paragraph three.
2301
02:26:13,292 --> 02:26:16,709
You never said, "man of the consulate,
expert in the use of microfilm"?
2302
02:26:16,750 --> 02:26:17,750
I'm sorry, I'm sorry...
-No.
2303
02:26:17,792 --> 02:26:20,167
I would like to know what document
Mr. Robb is quoting from,
2304
02:26:20,209 --> 02:26:21,650
and if we might be furnished with a copy.
2305
02:26:22,042 --> 02:26:23,875
The document is classified, Mr. Garrison.
2306
02:26:24,042 --> 02:26:26,292
I think we should get back
to firsthand information.
2307
02:26:26,334 --> 02:26:27,334
This is firsthand.
2308
02:26:27,792 --> 02:26:28,806
How so, Roger?
2309
02:26:30,959 --> 02:26:32,292
There was a recording of the interview.
2310
02:26:37,375 --> 02:26:40,209
You let my client sit here
and potentially perjure himself,
2311
02:26:40,250 --> 02:26:42,417
and all this time, you had a recording?
2312
02:26:42,667 --> 02:26:45,500
Nobody told your client to
misrepresent his former answers.
2313
02:26:45,542 --> 02:26:47,250
Misrepresent? It was 12 years ago!
2314
02:26:47,834 --> 02:26:48,809
Can we hear this recording?
2315
02:26:49,084 --> 02:26:50,336
You don't have the
clearance, Mr. Garrison.
2316
02:26:50,383 --> 02:26:52,209
But you're reading
it into the record!
2317
02:26:52,625 --> 02:26:56,917
Please, please. Is this proceeding
interested in entrapment or in truth?
2318
02:26:57,417 --> 02:27:01,375
If it's truth, where's the disclosure?
Where's the witness list?
2319
02:27:01,417 --> 02:27:04,250
Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial,
as you are well aware.
2320
02:27:04,292 --> 02:27:08,125
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
We are dealing with national security.
2321
02:27:08,250 --> 02:27:09,459
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2322
02:27:09,500 --> 02:27:13,709
I fail to see how national security
prevents the prosecution from
2323
02:27:13,750 --> 02:27:15,917
providing us with a list of witnesses!
-Perhaps we are in need
2324
02:27:15,959 --> 02:27:18,250
of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen. You have my words.
2325
02:27:18,292 --> 02:27:21,125
If you say they're from
a transcript, then I'll accept it.
2326
02:27:21,167 --> 02:27:23,875
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2327
02:27:24,042 --> 02:27:27,084
And why would anyone make up
such an elaborate story?
2328
02:27:27,125 --> 02:27:28,334
Because I was an idiot.
2329
02:27:29,584 --> 02:27:30,585
Why lie?
2330
02:27:30,750 --> 02:27:34,906
Well, clearly with the intention of not
revealing who the intermediary was.
2331
02:27:35,042 --> 02:27:37,375
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the communist.
2332
02:27:38,000 --> 02:27:39,004
Is he still your friend?
2333
02:27:39,917 --> 02:27:40,927
Yes.
2334
02:27:44,334 --> 02:27:46,042
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2335
02:27:46,453 --> 02:27:48,250
You know who else the
prosecution has called?
2336
02:27:48,500 --> 02:27:52,500
Teller, obviously.
They've asked Lawrence.
2337
02:27:52,917 --> 02:27:55,167
What did he say?
-He wasn't going to help them,
2338
02:27:55,834 --> 02:27:56,917
but...
-But?
2339
02:27:57,781 --> 02:28:02,042
Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman
had been having an affair for years.
2340
02:28:02,375 --> 02:28:04,209
The whole time you lived
with them in Pasadena.
2341
02:28:05,084 --> 02:28:08,209
He convinced Lawrence that
Richard died of a broken heart.
2342
02:28:08,250 --> 02:28:10,120
That's absurd.
-What part?
2343
02:28:10,209 --> 02:28:13,250
A broken heart.
Richard never found out.
2344
02:28:14,459 --> 02:28:15,667
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2345
02:28:16,250 --> 02:28:17,253
I don't know.
2346
02:28:18,125 --> 02:28:22,209
Dr. Rabi, what governmental
positions do you currently hold?
2347
02:28:22,750 --> 02:28:25,667
I am the chairman of the
general advisory committee
2348
02:28:25,709 --> 02:28:28,000
to the AEC, succeeding
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2349
02:28:28,584 --> 02:28:30,500
And how long have you
known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2350
02:28:31,500 --> 02:28:35,334
Since 1928. I... I know him quite well.
2351
02:28:35,662 --> 02:28:39,209
Well enough to speak to the bearing
of his loyalty and character?
2352
02:28:39,896 --> 02:28:43,125
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2353
02:28:44,000 --> 02:28:47,417
And he is loyal to the
United States, to his friends,
2354
02:28:47,875 --> 02:28:49,750
to the institutions of which he is part.
2355
02:28:51,875 --> 02:28:52,875
Eat.
2356
02:29:12,292 --> 02:29:13,292
Who was that?
2357
02:29:13,500 --> 02:29:14,500
Nothing to worry about.
2358
02:29:18,167 --> 02:29:19,667
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2359
02:29:19,709 --> 02:29:22,125
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2360
02:29:22,384 --> 02:29:23,917
You'd be better off asking him.
2361
02:29:24,209 --> 02:29:25,250
Well, I fully intend to.
2362
02:29:26,422 --> 02:29:30,042
Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer
was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb?
2363
02:29:30,417 --> 02:29:33,417
No, he, he thought that a fusion program
2364
02:29:33,459 --> 02:29:36,250
would come at the expense
of our awfully good fission program.
2365
02:29:36,334 --> 02:29:37,917
But that proved not to be the case.
2366
02:29:38,459 --> 02:29:39,917
In the event, both could be done.
2367
02:29:40,417 --> 02:29:43,042
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2368
02:29:43,084 --> 02:29:46,535
that in his testimony here
Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful,
2369
02:29:47,250 --> 02:29:49,125
what would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2370
02:29:49,417 --> 02:29:51,667
Why go through all this against a man
2371
02:29:51,709 --> 02:29:53,792
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2372
02:29:53,834 --> 02:29:54,917
Look at his record.
2373
02:29:55,584 --> 02:29:57,834
We have an A-bomb,
and a whole series of it.
2374
02:29:57,959 --> 02:30:00,500
We have a whole series of Super bombs.
What more do you want?
2375
02:30:01,504 --> 02:30:02,504
Mermaids?
2376
02:30:03,125 --> 02:30:05,959
But I've known Secretary
Strauss for many years.
2377
02:30:06,316 --> 02:30:09,459
And I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2378
02:30:10,008 --> 02:30:12,375
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2379
02:30:12,625 --> 02:30:13,626
We'll break now.
2380
02:30:14,042 --> 02:30:18,000
Unless there's any immediate business.
-Senator, I'd like to once again request
2381
02:30:18,500 --> 02:30:21,084
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2382
02:30:21,250 --> 02:30:22,792
And I will remind the nominee
2383
02:30:22,834 --> 02:30:25,523
that we don't always have
that information in advance.
2384
02:30:25,792 --> 02:30:28,167
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2385
02:30:28,680 --> 02:30:31,542
Mr. Chairman, our next
scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence,
2386
02:30:31,625 --> 02:30:34,334
has apparently come down with colitis.
2387
02:30:37,709 --> 02:30:39,946
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2388
02:30:41,000 --> 02:30:43,334
Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat.
2389
02:30:45,167 --> 02:30:46,169
Mr. Borden,
2390
02:30:47,505 --> 02:30:50,125
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2391
02:30:50,167 --> 02:30:51,834
did you reach certain conclusions?
2392
02:30:52,417 --> 02:30:54,167
I did.
-And did there come a time
2393
02:30:54,209 --> 02:30:57,375
when you expressed those conclusions
in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover,
2394
02:30:57,542 --> 02:31:00,334
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?
-That is correct.
2395
02:31:00,375 --> 02:31:03,000
Prior to the writing of the letter,
did you discuss the writing of the letter
2396
02:31:03,042 --> 02:31:05,250
with anybody attached to the
Atomic Energy Commission?
2397
02:31:05,792 --> 02:31:06,917
I did not. -Excellent.
2398
02:31:06,959 --> 02:31:08,875
Do you have a copy of the letter?
-I have one in front of me.
2399
02:31:08,950 --> 02:31:11,084
Would you please be
so kind as to read it, sir?
2400
02:31:12,375 --> 02:31:14,792
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
the purpose of this letter
2401
02:31:14,834 --> 02:31:17,167
"is to state..."
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have...
2402
02:31:17,792 --> 02:31:20,542
What is the purpose of the delay?
He's simply going to read the letter.
2403
02:31:21,792 --> 02:31:24,084
Mr. Chairman, this is the first
I've seen of this letter.
2404
02:31:24,542 --> 02:31:27,457
And I see statements here, at least one,
2405
02:31:27,481 --> 02:31:29,917
of a kind that I don't think anyone
would like to see go into the record.
2406
02:31:29,959 --> 02:31:32,375
These are accusations that
have not previously been made,
2407
02:31:32,667 --> 02:31:34,500
that are not part of the
indictment from Nichols.
2408
02:31:34,542 --> 02:31:37,084
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2409
02:31:37,125 --> 02:31:39,250
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2410
02:31:39,292 --> 02:31:41,542
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2411
02:31:41,750 --> 02:31:43,375
His conclusions are valid testimony,
2412
02:31:43,417 --> 02:31:46,667
just like the positive conclusions
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2413
02:31:46,709 --> 02:31:47,834
It cuts both ways.
2414
02:31:48,334 --> 02:31:50,584
How long has counsel been
in possession of this letter?
2415
02:31:50,740 --> 02:31:54,167
I don't think I should be subject to
cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.
2416
02:31:54,209 --> 02:31:57,334
Mr. Garrison, given that we
on the board have all read the letter,
2417
02:31:57,375 --> 02:31:59,042
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2418
02:32:00,500 --> 02:32:01,501
Let's proceed.
2419
02:32:03,625 --> 02:32:04,667
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2420
02:32:05,625 --> 02:32:08,042
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion,
2421
02:32:08,432 --> 02:32:11,885
"based upon years of study
of the available classified evidence,
2422
02:32:12,709 --> 02:32:14,375
"that, more probably than not,
2423
02:32:14,792 --> 02:32:18,750
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
is an agent of the Soviet Union.
2424
02:32:19,611 --> 02:32:21,750
"The following
conclusions are justified.
2425
02:32:22,167 --> 02:32:26,542
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2426
02:32:26,690 --> 02:32:30,209
"J. Robert Oppenheimer was
a sufficiently hardened communist
2427
02:32:30,417 --> 02:32:32,667
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2428
02:32:33,084 --> 02:32:35,292
"Two, more probably than not,
2429
02:32:35,334 --> 02:32:38,750
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2430
02:32:39,709 --> 02:32:40,693
"Three.
2431
02:32:41,000 --> 02:32:44,959
"More probably than not, he has
since acted under a Soviet directive
2432
02:32:45,000 --> 02:32:47,792
"in influencing
United States military policy."
2433
02:32:47,843 --> 02:32:50,125
I'm sorry, Robert.
-"Atomic energy, intelligence and..."
2434
02:32:50,250 --> 02:32:54,625
Is anyone ever going to tell the truth
about what's happening here?
2435
02:32:55,084 --> 02:32:57,875
We will now hear from Dr. David Hill.
2436
02:33:08,250 --> 02:33:11,084
Dr. Hill, would you care
to make a statement?
2437
02:33:13,334 --> 02:33:14,348
Thank you.
2438
02:33:14,605 --> 02:33:18,292
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss,
2439
02:33:18,584 --> 02:33:23,459
a man who has given years of service
in high positions of government,
2440
02:33:23,625 --> 02:33:28,125
and who is known to be earnest,
hard-working, and intelligent.
2441
02:33:29,834 --> 02:33:31,625
The views I have to express are my own,
2442
02:33:32,292 --> 02:33:35,542
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate why
2443
02:33:36,709 --> 02:33:40,584
most of the scientists in this country
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2444
02:33:41,608 --> 02:33:43,459
completely out of government.
2445
02:33:45,444 --> 02:33:49,542
You're referring to the hostility
of certain scientists,
2446
02:33:49,667 --> 02:33:53,417
directed toward Mr. Strauss,
because of his commitment to security,
2447
02:33:53,459 --> 02:33:56,000
as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair?
2448
02:33:59,000 --> 02:34:00,016
No.
2449
02:34:00,250 --> 02:34:05,042
Because of the personal vindictiveness
he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2450
02:34:07,084 --> 02:34:09,875
Order! Order!
2451
02:34:10,292 --> 02:34:13,500
It appears to most scientists
around this country
2452
02:34:14,976 --> 02:34:17,917
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being pilloried,
2453
02:34:17,959 --> 02:34:22,000
and put through an ordeal, because
he expressed his honest opinions.
2454
02:34:22,750 --> 02:34:25,917
Dr. Bush, I thought I was
performing a service to my country
2455
02:34:25,959 --> 02:34:29,292
when hearing this case.
-No board, in this country,
2456
02:34:29,834 --> 02:34:33,625
should sit in judgment of a man
because he expressed his strong opinions.
2457
02:34:33,959 --> 02:34:36,250
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
2458
02:34:37,250 --> 02:34:39,875
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I've... become stirred.
2459
02:34:41,125 --> 02:34:42,123
But I am.
2460
02:34:42,511 --> 02:34:46,584
Dr. Hill, we've already heard that
Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges,
2461
02:34:46,625 --> 02:34:49,625
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2462
02:34:49,667 --> 02:34:51,375
The Oppenheimer matter was...
2463
02:34:52,250 --> 02:34:56,917
initiated, and carried through, largely
through the animus of Lewis Strauss.
2464
02:34:58,459 --> 02:35:01,330
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2465
02:35:01,377 --> 02:35:03,474
on the shipments
of isotopes to Norway,
2466
02:35:03,537 --> 02:35:06,709
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2467
02:35:07,625 --> 02:35:11,042
Another controversy between them centered
around their differences in judgment
2468
02:35:11,084 --> 02:35:14,028
on how the H-bomb would
contribute to national security.
2469
02:35:14,317 --> 02:35:17,584
Strauss turned to the personnel
security system in order to
2470
02:35:17,834 --> 02:35:20,209
destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2471
02:35:20,334 --> 02:35:23,125
and Strauss was able
to find a few ambitious men
2472
02:35:23,584 --> 02:35:27,209
who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's
positions and envied him
2473
02:35:27,334 --> 02:35:29,334
his prestige in government circles.
2474
02:35:29,709 --> 02:35:33,584
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he is loyal to the United States.
2475
02:35:34,375 --> 02:35:36,097
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
2476
02:35:36,121 --> 02:35:38,333
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2477
02:35:38,959 --> 02:35:42,667
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
2478
02:35:46,584 --> 02:35:49,961
In a great number of cases, I have
seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way
2479
02:35:50,021 --> 02:35:53,042
which was, to me, exceedingly
hard to understand.
2480
02:35:53,403 --> 02:35:55,723
I thoroughly disagreed with
him in numerous issues,
2481
02:35:55,959 --> 02:35:59,250
and his actions frankly appeared to me
confused and complicated.
2482
02:35:59,334 --> 02:36:03,981
To this extent, I feel I want to see
the vital interests of this country
2483
02:36:04,292 --> 02:36:07,959
in hands which I understand better,
and therefore trust more.
2484
02:36:09,167 --> 02:36:10,442
Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
2485
02:36:14,695 --> 02:36:15,710
I'm sorry.
2486
02:36:18,500 --> 02:36:20,417
You shook his fucking hand!?
2487
02:36:21,709 --> 02:36:23,584
Oh, I would have spit in his face.
2488
02:36:23,625 --> 02:36:25,719
I'm not sure the Board
would have appreciated that.
2489
02:36:25,834 --> 02:36:27,375
Is it not gentlemanly enough for you?
2490
02:36:27,417 --> 02:36:30,250
Well, I think you're all
being too goddamn gentlemanly.
2491
02:36:30,320 --> 02:36:34,125
Gray must see what Robb is doing.
Why doesn't he just shut him down?
2492
02:36:34,398 --> 02:36:36,459
And you, shaking Teller's hand.
2493
02:36:36,719 --> 02:36:39,750
You need to stop playing the martyr.
2494
02:36:40,959 --> 02:36:45,312
Under the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2495
02:36:51,709 --> 02:36:56,292
Under my interpretation
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2496
02:36:56,334 --> 02:37:00,709
which did not exist when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942,
2497
02:37:02,250 --> 02:37:07,334
I would not clear him today
if I were on the commission.
2498
02:37:07,959 --> 02:37:09,319
Good. Thank you, General. That is all.
2499
02:37:09,389 --> 02:37:11,209
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
2500
02:37:12,006 --> 02:37:13,002
That's all.
2501
02:37:16,084 --> 02:37:18,850
Dr. Oppenheimer had no
responsibility in the selection
2502
02:37:18,897 --> 02:37:20,787
or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
2503
02:37:20,959 --> 02:37:22,042
No. None at all.
2504
02:37:22,334 --> 02:37:25,667
And you wouldn't want to leave this
board with any suggestion today that
2505
02:37:25,841 --> 02:37:28,629
you're here questioning his
basic loyalty to the United States
2506
02:37:28,653 --> 02:37:30,131
in the operation of Los Alamos?
2507
02:37:30,584 --> 02:37:34,543
By no means. I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise for an instant.
2508
02:37:35,917 --> 02:37:36,927
Thank you, General.
2509
02:37:54,584 --> 02:37:57,500
Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting.
-She'll be here.
2510
02:37:58,334 --> 02:38:00,000
Do you even want her here?
2511
02:38:00,209 --> 02:38:02,667
Only a fool or an adolescent presumes
2512
02:38:02,709 --> 02:38:06,209
to know someone else's relationship,
and you're neither, Lloyd.
2513
02:38:09,000 --> 02:38:11,500
Kitty and I are grown-ups.
2514
02:38:12,792 --> 02:38:14,375
We've walked through fire together.
2515
02:38:15,375 --> 02:38:16,375
She'll do fine.
2516
02:38:17,750 --> 02:38:21,368
Would you describe your views
on communism as pro, anti, neutral?
2517
02:38:21,667 --> 02:38:22,792
Very strongly against.
2518
02:38:22,834 --> 02:38:25,459
I've had nothing to do with
communism in, since...
2519
02:38:25,834 --> 02:38:27,542
since 1936. Since...
2520
02:38:28,792 --> 02:38:30,209
Since before I met Robert.
2521
02:38:32,321 --> 02:38:33,337
That's all.
2522
02:38:34,584 --> 02:38:37,292
The record demonstrates that
Oppenheimer was not interrogated
2523
02:38:37,334 --> 02:38:40,347
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray Board.
2524
02:38:40,667 --> 02:38:42,939
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor who used
2525
02:38:42,964 --> 02:38:45,500
all the tricks of a rather
ingenious legal background.
2526
02:38:45,596 --> 02:38:49,834
You are charging now that the
Gray Board permitted a prosecution.
2527
02:38:50,542 --> 02:38:51,709
If I were on the Gray Board,
2528
02:38:52,625 --> 02:38:54,709
I would have protested against the tactics
2529
02:38:54,750 --> 02:38:57,542
of the man who served in fact
as the prosecuting counsel.
2530
02:38:57,625 --> 02:38:59,292
A man appointed not by the Board,
2531
02:39:00,683 --> 02:39:02,242
but by Lewis Strauss.
2532
02:39:04,834 --> 02:39:05,835
Who was this?
2533
02:39:07,417 --> 02:39:08,429
I'm sorry?
2534
02:39:09,167 --> 02:39:10,167
Who was this?
2535
02:39:10,709 --> 02:39:11,709
Roger Robb.
2536
02:39:12,375 --> 02:39:13,500
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
2537
02:39:18,321 --> 02:39:20,292
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
2538
02:39:22,209 --> 02:39:24,383
I'm... I'm not sure.
2539
02:39:24,454 --> 02:39:25,626
Not sure?
2540
02:39:28,417 --> 02:39:29,407
Well...
2541
02:39:33,084 --> 02:39:34,092
Well?
2542
02:39:42,834 --> 02:39:45,417
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the party
2543
02:39:45,834 --> 02:39:48,792
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
2544
02:39:59,125 --> 02:40:00,127
Sorry.
2545
02:40:01,250 --> 02:40:02,264
Yes.
2546
02:40:04,750 --> 02:40:08,209
It's just, it was all so very long ago,
Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
2547
02:40:08,234 --> 02:40:09,781
Not really.
-Long enough to have forgotten.
2548
02:40:09,820 --> 02:40:12,917
Did you return the card, or rip it up?
-The card whose existence I've forgotten?
2549
02:40:12,959 --> 02:40:15,792
Your Communist Party membership card?
-Haven't the slightest idea.
2550
02:40:19,125 --> 02:40:22,959
Can a distinction be made between
Soviet communism and communism?
2551
02:40:23,625 --> 02:40:24,875
Well, in the days when I was a member,
2552
02:40:24,917 --> 02:40:26,834
I thought they were definitely two things.
-Oh?
2553
02:40:26,917 --> 02:40:29,667
I thought that the Communist
Party of the United States
2554
02:40:29,709 --> 02:40:33,292
was concerned with our domestic problems.
I now no longer believe this.
2555
02:40:33,417 --> 02:40:35,875
I believe the whole thing's linked
together and spread all over the world,
2556
02:40:35,917 --> 02:40:39,792
and I have believed this since
I left the party 16 years ago.
2557
02:40:39,917 --> 02:40:42,292
But...
-17 years ago. My mistake.
2558
02:40:42,792 --> 02:40:44,713
But you...
-Sorry, 18.
2559
02:40:45,462 --> 02:40:46,814
18 years ago.
2560
02:40:48,334 --> 02:40:50,959
Are you familiar with the fact your
husband was making contributions
2561
02:40:51,000 --> 02:40:53,625
to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942?
2562
02:40:53,667 --> 02:40:55,834
I knew that Robert
gave money from time to time.
2563
02:40:55,875 --> 02:40:58,500
Did you know this money was going
into Communist Party channels?
2564
02:40:58,584 --> 02:41:00,459
Don't you mean through?
-Pardon?
2565
02:41:00,500 --> 02:41:03,334
I think you mean through
Communist Party channels, don't you?
2566
02:41:03,750 --> 02:41:04,734
Yes.
-Yes?
2567
02:41:04,910 --> 02:41:06,750
Yes.
-Yes.
2568
02:41:06,834 --> 02:41:10,060
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
2569
02:41:10,091 --> 02:41:12,875
your husband had not stopped having
anything to do with the Communist Party?
2570
02:41:14,292 --> 02:41:16,959
You don't have to answer that yes or no,
you can answer that any way you wish.
2571
02:41:17,084 --> 02:41:19,875
I know that, thank you.
It's your question.
2572
02:41:20,819 --> 02:41:22,125
It's not properly phrased.
2573
02:41:22,167 --> 02:41:23,933
Do you understand what I'm getting at?
-I do.
2574
02:41:23,958 --> 02:41:26,456
Then why don't you answer it that way?
-Because I don't like your phrase,
2575
02:41:26,959 --> 02:41:28,750
"having anything to do
with the Communist Party,"
2576
02:41:28,792 --> 02:41:31,792
because Robert never had anything to do
with the Communist Party as such.
2577
02:41:32,125 --> 02:41:34,417
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
2578
02:41:34,584 --> 02:41:37,709
I know he took an intellectual
interest in communist ideas.
2579
02:41:37,750 --> 02:41:39,251
Are there two types of communists?
2580
02:41:39,625 --> 02:41:42,042
Intellectual communists,
and your plain old regular commie?
2581
02:41:43,584 --> 02:41:45,155
Well, I couldn't answer that one.
2582
02:41:46,417 --> 02:41:47,404
I couldn't either.
2583
02:41:54,709 --> 02:41:55,693
Good evening.
2584
02:41:56,042 --> 02:41:57,375
Robert, you can't win this thing.
2585
02:41:57,584 --> 02:41:59,834
It's a kangaroo court with
a predetermined outcome.
2586
02:41:59,875 --> 02:42:01,209
Why put yourself through more of it?
2587
02:42:02,250 --> 02:42:03,584
I have my reasons.
2588
02:42:05,292 --> 02:42:06,293
Alright.
2589
02:42:06,834 --> 02:42:07,854
Good night.
2590
02:42:12,542 --> 02:42:13,625
He has a point.
2591
02:42:15,167 --> 02:42:17,459
I'm not sure you understand, Albert.
-No?
2592
02:42:18,655 --> 02:42:20,917
I left my country, never to return.
2593
02:42:22,182 --> 02:42:23,792
You served your country well.
2594
02:42:24,625 --> 02:42:27,000
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
2595
02:42:28,189 --> 02:42:30,209
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
2596
02:42:31,542 --> 02:42:33,292
Damn it, I happen to love this country.
2597
02:42:34,375 --> 02:42:36,084
Then tell them to go to hell.
2598
02:42:36,959 --> 02:42:40,500
Interestingly enough, this is
no longer a confirmation hearing.
2599
02:42:40,804 --> 02:42:42,167
It's now a trial...
2600
02:42:42,800 --> 02:42:44,000
about a trial!
2601
02:42:44,209 --> 02:42:45,208
For god's sakes!
2602
02:42:45,625 --> 02:42:48,334
It's not good he's telling everyone
you initiated the hearings.
2603
02:42:48,375 --> 02:42:50,459
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
2604
02:42:50,500 --> 02:42:53,959
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
2605
02:42:54,042 --> 02:42:56,584
We're not in court, sir.
There's no burden of proof.
2606
02:42:57,209 --> 02:42:58,667
Right, they're not convicting.
2607
02:43:00,000 --> 02:43:01,250
They're just denying.
2608
02:43:01,875 --> 02:43:04,667
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down? What's his angle?
2609
02:43:04,833 --> 02:43:06,792
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
2610
02:43:07,334 --> 02:43:09,417
As he sees it.
-I told you.
2611
02:43:09,542 --> 02:43:11,954
Oppenheimer's been poisoning
the scientists against me
2612
02:43:11,978 --> 02:43:13,584
right from that first meeting.
2613
02:43:13,750 --> 02:43:16,497
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
2614
02:43:16,552 --> 02:43:19,270
but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye.
2615
02:43:21,167 --> 02:43:23,084
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
2616
02:43:23,709 --> 02:43:24,750
At Los Alamos,
2617
02:43:25,292 --> 02:43:27,584
he preyed on the naivete of scientists
2618
02:43:27,625 --> 02:43:29,750
who thought they get a say
in how we use their work.
2619
02:43:30,042 --> 02:43:32,209
They'll never think he was
that naive himself.
2620
02:43:32,917 --> 02:43:36,042
Doctor, during your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
2621
02:43:36,316 --> 02:43:38,917
were you... deterred
by any moral qualms?
2622
02:43:39,900 --> 02:43:40,917
Yes, of course.
2623
02:43:41,375 --> 02:43:43,124
But you still got on with
your work, didn't you?
2624
02:43:43,191 --> 02:43:45,250
Yes, because this was work of exploration,
2625
02:43:45,292 --> 02:43:47,334
it was not the preparation of a weapon.
2626
02:43:47,625 --> 02:43:49,547
You mean it was more
of an academic excursion?
2627
02:43:49,594 --> 02:43:52,917
No, it is not an academic thing,
whether you can build a hydrogen bomb.
2628
02:43:52,959 --> 02:43:54,167
It's a matter of life and death.
2629
02:43:54,209 --> 02:43:56,459
By 1942, you were actively
pushing the development
2630
02:43:56,500 --> 02:43:57,500
of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
2631
02:43:57,542 --> 02:43:58,834
Pushing is not the right word.
2632
02:43:58,917 --> 02:44:00,792
Supporting it and working on it, yes.
2633
02:44:00,834 --> 02:44:03,167
So when did these moral
qualms become so strong
2634
02:44:03,229 --> 02:44:06,375
that you actively opposed the
development of the hydrogen bomb?
2635
02:44:06,542 --> 02:44:09,209
When it was suggested that it be
the policy of the United States
2636
02:44:09,250 --> 02:44:10,875
to make these things at all costs,
2637
02:44:10,917 --> 02:44:13,209
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
2638
02:44:13,375 --> 02:44:15,500
and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal.
2639
02:44:17,250 --> 02:44:19,307
What do moral qualms have to do with that?
2640
02:44:20,709 --> 02:44:22,667
What do moral qualms have to do with it?
-Yes.
2641
02:44:22,750 --> 02:44:25,084
Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb.
2642
02:44:25,125 --> 02:44:26,959
He wanted to be
The Man Who Moved the Earth.
2643
02:44:27,000 --> 02:44:31,234
He talks about putting the
nuclear genie back in the bottle.
2644
02:44:31,542 --> 02:44:33,492
Well, I'm here to tell you that I know,
2645
02:44:34,000 --> 02:44:38,334
J. Robert Oppenheimer, if he could
do it all over, he'd do it all the same.
2646
02:44:38,539 --> 02:44:41,917
You know he's never once
said that he regrets Hiroshima?
2647
02:44:42,209 --> 02:44:44,250
He'd do it all over. Why?
2648
02:44:44,920 --> 02:44:49,084
Because it made him the most
important man who ever lived.
2649
02:44:49,896 --> 02:44:52,748
We freely used the atomic bomb.
2650
02:44:52,792 --> 02:44:55,000
In fact, Doctor, you assisted
in selecting the target
2651
02:44:55,042 --> 02:44:56,875
to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan, didn't you?
2652
02:44:57,584 --> 02:44:59,111
Yes...
-Well then, you knew, did you not,
2653
02:44:59,135 --> 02:45:01,584
that by dropping that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
2654
02:45:01,625 --> 02:45:04,250
that thousands of civilians would be
killed or injured. Is that correct?
2655
02:45:04,834 --> 02:45:06,819
Yes, not as many as turned out.
2656
02:45:06,850 --> 02:45:09,084
Oh. Then how many were killed or injured?
2657
02:45:09,709 --> 02:45:12,162
70,000.
-70,000, both Hiroshima and...
2658
02:45:12,207 --> 02:45:15,042
110,000 to both.
-On the day of each bombing?
2659
02:45:16,709 --> 02:45:17,771
Yes.
-Yes.
2660
02:45:17,874 --> 02:45:19,207
And in the weeks and years that followed?
2661
02:45:19,310 --> 02:45:22,459
It has been put at somewhere
between 50,000 and 100,000.
2662
02:45:22,496 --> 02:45:24,125
220,000 dead, at least.
2663
02:45:24,207 --> 02:45:26,167
Yes.
-Any moral scruples about that?
2664
02:45:28,209 --> 02:45:29,216
Terrible ones.
2665
02:45:29,250 --> 02:45:32,917
But yet you testified in here that the
bombing of Hiroshima was very successful.
2666
02:45:33,374 --> 02:45:36,289
Technically successful.
-Oh! Technically it was very successful.
2667
02:45:36,349 --> 02:45:38,709
And it is also alleged
to have helped to end the war.
2668
02:45:38,750 --> 02:45:41,667
Would you have been supportive of the
dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
2669
02:45:42,084 --> 02:45:43,459
That would make no sense at all.
2670
02:45:43,625 --> 02:45:46,285
Why?
-The target is too small.
2671
02:45:46,340 --> 02:45:48,329
Well, supposing there
had been a target in Japan
2672
02:45:48,353 --> 02:45:50,114
big enough for a thermonuclear weapon,
2673
02:45:50,153 --> 02:45:51,625
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
2674
02:45:51,667 --> 02:45:53,623
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted.
2675
02:45:53,625 --> 02:45:55,250
Well, I'm confronting
you with it now, sir.
2676
02:45:55,375 --> 02:45:56,667
It was all part of his plan.
2677
02:45:56,875 --> 02:46:00,750
He wanted the glorious,
insincere guilt of the self-important
2678
02:46:00,792 --> 02:46:03,167
to wear like a fucking crown and say,
2679
02:46:03,209 --> 02:46:08,209
"No, we cannot go down this road,"
even as he knew we'd have to.
2680
02:46:08,542 --> 02:46:11,343
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping of a thermonuclear weapon
2681
02:46:11,367 --> 02:46:14,072
on Japan because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
2682
02:46:14,165 --> 02:46:16,459
Did you oppose the dropping
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
2683
02:46:16,500 --> 02:46:17,581
because of moral scruples?
2684
02:46:17,682 --> 02:46:20,042
We set forth our...
-No, you, you, you, you!
2685
02:46:20,084 --> 02:46:21,125
I'm asking you...
-I set...
2686
02:46:21,167 --> 02:46:23,542
You, you, you!
-I set forth our arguments
2687
02:46:23,584 --> 02:46:25,588
against dropping it,
but I did not endorse them.
2688
02:46:25,834 --> 02:46:28,834
You mean after working night and day
for three years building the bomb,
2689
02:46:29,000 --> 02:46:30,885
you then argued against the use of it?
2690
02:46:31,250 --> 02:46:34,959
I was asked by the Secretary of War
what the views of scientists were.
2691
02:46:35,000 --> 02:46:37,459
I gave them the views against
and the views for.
2692
02:46:37,500 --> 02:46:39,417
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb
2693
02:46:39,459 --> 02:46:40,667
on Japan, didn't you?
-What do you mean...
2694
02:46:40,709 --> 02:46:42,298
You supported it...
-What do you mean, support?
2695
02:46:42,375 --> 02:46:43,925
Well, you helped pick
the target, didn't you?
2696
02:46:43,956 --> 02:46:47,375
I did my job. I was not in a
policy-making position at Los Alamos.
2697
02:46:47,459 --> 02:46:49,416
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
2698
02:46:49,464 --> 02:46:51,792
Well, then, you would have built
the H-bomb too, wouldn't you?
2699
02:46:51,834 --> 02:46:54,098
But I couldn't...
-I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
2700
02:46:54,292 --> 02:46:58,542
And the GAC report, which you co-authored
after the Soviet atomic test said:
2701
02:46:58,584 --> 02:47:01,625
"A Super bomb should never be built!"
2702
02:47:01,667 --> 02:47:02,900
What we meant, what I meant...
2703
02:47:03,042 --> 02:47:04,542
What you, who?
-Look, what I meant...
2704
02:47:04,584 --> 02:47:05,603
Who?
2705
02:47:06,750 --> 02:47:09,584
Well, wouldn't the Russians do anything
to increase their strength?
2706
02:47:10,459 --> 02:47:12,500
If we did it, they would have to do it!
2707
02:47:12,542 --> 02:47:14,625
Our efforts would only fuel their efforts,
2708
02:47:14,667 --> 02:47:16,584
just as it had with the atomic bomb!
2709
02:47:16,834 --> 02:47:19,250
Just as it had with the
atomic bomb, exactly!
2710
02:47:20,584 --> 02:47:24,542
No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949.
2711
02:47:29,042 --> 02:47:30,069
Dr. Oppenheimer...
2712
02:47:32,500 --> 02:47:36,875
when did your strong moral convictions
develop with respect to the hydrogen bomb?
2713
02:47:44,959 --> 02:47:46,417
When it became clear to me
2714
02:47:48,084 --> 02:47:50,917
that we would tend
to use any weapon we had.
2715
02:47:54,325 --> 02:47:58,959
J. Robert Oppenheimer the martyr,
I gave him exactly what he wanted.
2716
02:47:59,750 --> 02:48:01,231
To be remembered for Trinity,
2717
02:48:01,382 --> 02:48:03,167
not Hiroshima!
2718
02:48:04,042 --> 02:48:06,042
Not Nagasaki!
2719
02:48:09,167 --> 02:48:10,667
He should be thanking me.
2720
02:48:12,000 --> 02:48:13,001
Well, he's not.
2721
02:48:16,584 --> 02:48:17,959
Do we still have enough votes?
2722
02:48:18,250 --> 02:48:20,065
Or is the crowning moment of my career
2723
02:48:20,089 --> 02:48:23,042
about to become the most
public humiliation of my life?
2724
02:48:24,068 --> 02:48:25,500
Full Senate's about to vote.
2725
02:48:26,709 --> 02:48:27,689
You'll scrape through.
2726
02:48:27,746 --> 02:48:29,542
Great, then gather the fucking press.
2727
02:48:29,625 --> 02:48:32,254
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, this board,
2728
02:48:32,417 --> 02:48:34,459
having heard testimony from you
2729
02:48:34,500 --> 02:48:37,332
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
2730
02:48:37,834 --> 02:48:41,667
has come to the unanimous conclusion
that you are a loyal citizen.
2731
02:48:44,292 --> 02:48:45,306
However...
2732
02:48:46,125 --> 02:48:49,459
In the light of your
continuing associations,
2733
02:48:49,500 --> 02:48:52,625
and disregard for the security
apparatus of this country,
2734
02:48:53,084 --> 02:48:56,375
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
2735
02:48:56,459 --> 02:48:58,125
on the hydrogen bomb program,
2736
02:48:58,792 --> 02:49:00,209
and the regrettable lack of candor
2737
02:49:00,250 --> 02:49:02,250
in certain of your
responses to this board,
2738
02:49:03,292 --> 02:49:04,959
we have voted, two-to-one,
2739
02:49:06,125 --> 02:49:09,167
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
2740
02:49:09,292 --> 02:49:12,328
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
2741
02:49:12,792 --> 02:49:15,334
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
2742
02:49:15,875 --> 02:49:16,875
That is all.
2743
02:49:27,835 --> 02:49:28,835
Robert.
2744
02:49:29,959 --> 02:49:30,959
Robert.
2745
02:49:34,125 --> 02:49:35,125
Don't...
2746
02:49:38,125 --> 02:49:39,292
Don't take in the sheets.
2747
02:49:45,359 --> 02:49:47,084
Two minutes. Two minutes!
2748
02:49:47,667 --> 02:49:48,792
You'll get your shot!
2749
02:49:52,792 --> 02:49:54,250
Is it official?
2750
02:49:56,209 --> 02:49:59,748
Well, there were a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
2751
02:50:05,167 --> 02:50:07,084
I'm denied. Yeah?
2752
02:50:07,917 --> 02:50:09,375
I'm afraid so, sir.
-Alright.
2753
02:50:17,334 --> 02:50:18,417
Who were the holdouts?
2754
02:50:18,618 --> 02:50:21,344
Um, there were three.
2755
02:50:21,477 --> 02:50:23,959
Led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
2756
02:50:24,047 --> 02:50:25,667
Young guy trying to make
a name for himself,
2757
02:50:25,709 --> 02:50:27,584
didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer.
2758
02:50:28,584 --> 02:50:29,569
What's his name?
2759
02:50:30,334 --> 02:50:31,875
Uh, Kennedy.
2760
02:50:32,310 --> 02:50:33,334
John F. Kennedy.
2761
02:50:37,390 --> 02:50:38,377
Kitty?
2762
02:50:44,834 --> 02:50:48,202
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
2763
02:50:48,542 --> 02:50:50,167
then the world would forgive you?
2764
02:50:54,202 --> 02:50:55,202
It won't.
2765
02:50:57,974 --> 02:50:58,974
We'll see.
2766
02:51:13,599 --> 02:51:15,084
You told me I'd be okay.
2767
02:51:15,834 --> 02:51:17,903
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
2768
02:51:18,042 --> 02:51:19,060
Here's a fact.
2769
02:51:19,250 --> 02:51:22,917
President Eisenhower pinned the
Medal of Freedom on my chest last year,
2770
02:51:23,292 --> 02:51:25,500
because I've always done
what's right for this country.
2771
02:51:25,792 --> 02:51:29,500
They don't want me in the cabinet room?
Well, that's... that's fine.
2772
02:51:30,459 --> 02:51:32,625
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
2773
02:51:32,855 --> 02:51:33,875
Maybe they will.
2774
02:51:34,833 --> 02:51:37,818
I told you. He turned
the scientists against me,
2775
02:51:37,896 --> 02:51:39,917
one by one, starting with Einstein.
2776
02:51:39,959 --> 02:51:42,542
I told you about that. Einstein.
Einstein by the pond.
2777
02:51:42,584 --> 02:51:44,941
You did, but you know, sir,
since nobody...
2778
02:51:45,500 --> 02:51:47,875
really knows what they
said to each other that day,
2779
02:51:47,917 --> 02:51:51,042
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
2780
02:51:51,709 --> 02:51:53,750
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh...
2781
02:51:54,917 --> 02:51:55,959
more important?
2782
02:52:11,292 --> 02:52:12,297
Thank you.
2783
02:52:12,834 --> 02:52:13,833
Albert.
2784
02:52:17,209 --> 02:52:18,542
The man of the moment.
2785
02:52:22,875 --> 02:52:27,037
You once held a reception
for me in Berkeley.
2786
02:52:27,084 --> 02:52:29,101
You gave me an award, hmm?
-Yes.
2787
02:52:30,542 --> 02:52:35,042
You all thought that I had lost the
ability to understand what I'd started.
2788
02:52:35,984 --> 02:52:36,984
So...
2789
02:52:37,375 --> 02:52:41,297
The award really wasn't for me,
it was for all of you, hmm?
2790
02:52:43,625 --> 02:52:45,334
Now it's your turn
2791
02:52:45,834 --> 02:52:49,917
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
2792
02:52:51,459 --> 02:52:54,584
And one day, when they've
punished you enough,
2793
02:52:57,042 --> 02:53:00,417
they'll serve you salmon and potato salad.
2794
02:53:05,084 --> 02:53:06,125
Make speeches.
2795
02:53:07,746 --> 02:53:08,875
Give you a medal.
2796
02:53:11,375 --> 02:53:12,395
Hello, Frank.
2797
02:53:13,043 --> 02:53:14,500
You're happy, I'm happy.
2798
02:53:21,376 --> 02:53:23,709
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
2799
02:53:25,834 --> 02:53:26,959
Just remember...
2800
02:53:29,007 --> 02:53:30,625
it won't be for you.
2801
02:53:35,876 --> 02:53:37,000
It'll be for them.
2802
02:53:50,881 --> 02:53:51,881
Albert...
2803
02:53:54,126 --> 02:53:56,625
when I came to you
with those calculations,
2804
02:53:57,334 --> 02:53:59,334
we thought we might start a chain reaction
2805
02:53:59,375 --> 02:54:02,459
that would destroy the entire world.
2806
02:54:04,292 --> 02:54:07,251
I remember it well. What of it?
2807
02:54:11,251 --> 02:54:12,333
I believe we did.219934