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this is the story of America
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baisse ta story à remarque
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seen in color for the first time
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America is in the throes of revolution
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it's the swinging sixties
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new President John F Kennedy ushers in a new era
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I don't want the talents of any American to go to waste
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Martin Luther King leads a civil rights battle
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that promises Equality for all
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our nation can spend billions of dollars
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to put God's children on their own two feet
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it's a decade that plays out on national television
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a war in Vietnam
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an invasion from Britain
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I wanna kiss one of them I love them
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a generation embraces love and peace
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and an American is the first to walk on the moon
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a decade of turmoil brings hard one triumphs
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this is the story of the 1960s
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as you've never seen it before
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I want us to recapture that
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July 1960
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the coming presidential election
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contrast two different visions
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the Republican vice president
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Richard Nixon
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is promising to continue the security and prosperity
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of the golden fifties
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about everything else
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the American people want leaders
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who will keep the peace without surrender
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for America and the world
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the Democrats choose a forward looking
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young senator from Massachusetts
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John F Kennedy
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analyse analyse analyse
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Kennedy Kennedy Kennedy Kennedy
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I believe we can get this country moving again
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I ask your support in this election on November 8
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at 43 JFK is one of the youngest men
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to ever run for president
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his hip approach to campaigning
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injects a new energy to politics
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I come to the Bronx as an old Bronx boy
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I used to live in the Bronx
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but the handsome young senator has a lot to overcome
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boaters are unaware he suffers from Addisons
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a debilitating autoimmune disease
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he's also had two major spinal surgeries
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and frequently needs a back brace
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Kennedy is in constant pain
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but the Kennedy campaign has a plan
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to sell him to the country
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now 90% of US households own a television
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good evening
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the television stations of the United States are proud
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to provide facilities for a discussion of issues
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by the two major candidates for the presidency
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on September 26th, 1960
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70 million people tune in
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to America's first televised presidential debate
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I'm not satisfied until every American
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enjoys his full constitutional right
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the reason JFK is prepped for his television appearance
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the day before
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he met with producers and discussed camera angles
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he looks tanned and glowing
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I don't want the talents of any American to go to waste
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he is wearing a blue suit and shirt to reduce glare
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and stand out against the great backdrop
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smith Senator Kennedy
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there is no Nixon
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looks exhausted
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he's straight from the campaign trail
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and is recovering from the flu
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he also has a knee injury
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making him appear uncomfortable and shifty
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there is no question but that we cannot discuss
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our internal affairs in the United States
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without recognizing that they have a tremendous bearing
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on our international position
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Mr Vice President
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is gray suit and pale face appear to blend into the set
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campaign issue
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I'd like to follow Mr
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the visual contrast between the men damages Nixon
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questions are
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comment upon one another's answers to questions
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viewers think Kennedy has the edge
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even though radio listeners have
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the opposite impression
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during the debate
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Kennedy's on camera performance
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makes him look like a leader
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the old doubts about his youth are forgotten
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studies will later show
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that this debate made up the minds of 4 million voters
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3 million vote for Kennedy
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Tuesday November 8th, 1960 is Election Day
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and in some places a holiday to encourage voting
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68 million Americans go to the polls
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Nixon and his wife Pat
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vote in the small town of Whittier California
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Kennedy and Jackie vote in Boston
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in the evening as the polls close
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the TV networks prepare to bring viewers the results
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in Times Square
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the famed news
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flashing ticker updates through the night
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though the tallies are close
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a confident Kennedy goes to bed to await the outcome
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dawn breaks
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JFK wins with 303 electoral votes to Nixon's 219
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to all Americans
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I say that the next four years
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are going to be difficult
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and challenging years for us all
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the election may have been a close one
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but I think that there is general agreement
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by all of our citizens
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that a supreme national effort will be needed
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in the years ahead
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to move this country safely through the 1960s
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so now uh my wife and I
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prepare for a new administration and uh
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for a new baby thank you
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the young couple move into the White House
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and in less than five months a new car is delivered
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a Ford Lincoln Continental
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original price tag $7,347
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the president loves convertibles
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they allow people to see him
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but this Lincoln has $200,000 worth of modifications
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a bubble top in case it rains
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two way radio telephones
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retractable steps
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and grab handles for Secret Service agents
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painted midnight blue
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to stand out well on black and white news footage
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it will travel America with JFK
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the image of him in his Lincoln
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is one of a relaxed leader of the free world
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but in his first speech to Congress on May 25th, 1961
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JFK reiterates the communist intimidation
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that still looms over America
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if we are to win the battle
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that is now going on around the world
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between freedom and tyranny
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I believe that this nation should commit itself
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to achieving the goal
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before this decade is out
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of landing a man on the moon
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and returning him safely to the Earth
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Kennedy is determined to
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ultimately beat the Soviet Union in the space race
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but so far the Russians have the edge
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they were the first to launch a satellite into space
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the first to orbit a man around the earth
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they have stock piles of nuclear weapons
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a dark threat that looms over America in 1961
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what is your main concern
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is it the fallout
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primarily the fallout
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well I'm afraid
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it would be very dangerous to the civilization
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so taking the chance away from someone to live up
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and be a normal human being
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on October 14th, 1962
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the United States U2 spy plane
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photographs missiles and launchers in Cuba
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the weapons are Soviet and can carry nuclear warheads
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Cuba's communist leader
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Fidel Castro
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has allied himself with Premier Nikita Khrushchev
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of the Soviet Union
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for seven days in secret meetings
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the president weighs the options
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an all out invasion of Cuba
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air strikes on missile targets or a naval quarantine
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the Ops for the quarantine
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on October 22nd
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Kennedy finally informs the nation of the crisis
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and his plan to handle it
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good evening
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my fellow citizens
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the characteristic of these new missile sites
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include medium range ballistic missiles
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capable of striking Washington DC
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or any other city
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in the southeastern part of the United States
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it shall be the policy of this nation
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to regard any nuclear missile launch from Cuba
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against any nation in the Western Hemisphere
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as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States
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requiring a full re territory response
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upon the Soviet Union
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it is now a game of political might
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between the young president
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and the steely Soviet leader
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both have military arsenals
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capable of obliterating the other
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casualty estimates are over 100 million
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American citizens watch
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as the beaches of Key West and southern Florida
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become the front line of defense
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razor wire and missiles
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take the place of beach towels and cabanas
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America moves
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the closest it has ever come to nuclear war
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October 23rd, 1962
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nine days since America discovered
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Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
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to prevent war
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President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev
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exchange written demands by Telegram
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in the Atlantic
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the US Navy stops all Soviet shipping
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to ensure no more weapons are delivered to Cuba
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reconnaissance planes capture images of Soviet vessels
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intelligence officers pour over them
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looking for weapons
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beneath the waves
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Soviet nuclear submarines await orders to fire
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the US trains missiles on Cuba
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after 13 days Khrushchev backs down
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he agrees to remove the missiles
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in return for Kennedy's pledge not to invade Cuba
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Kennedy also agrees in secret
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to remove US nuclear missiles from Turkey
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Press Secretary Pierre Salinger
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presents Kennedy's statement to the world
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I welcome Chairman Krushov's statesman like decision
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to stop building bases in Cuba
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this is an important
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and constructive contribution to peace
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the world breathes a little easier
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as the American military returns home
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from a war that never happened
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nonetheless a revolution is coming to America
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triggered not by foreign enemies but by hatred within
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African Americans
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since the end of slavery
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have been treated in much of the country
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as a despised minority
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gonna take the whole time
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le respect du monde
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they are forced to eat
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and use bathroom separately from whites
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James Farmer
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is the founder of the Congress of Racial Equality
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known as core
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in order to understand how any Negro feels
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under segregation
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you have to realize that from the time of infancy
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he has it pounded into him
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that he's not as good as other people
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there are things he cannot do
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don't do this you can't do this you can't do the other
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it fills into a man a feeling of inferiority
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a feeling of frustration a feeling of resentment
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James Farmer and core want Kennedy to understand
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that segregation stains America's image
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around the world
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core wants to test the Supreme Court ruling
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long ignored in the south
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that bans segregation in interstate travel
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the plan is for black and white volunteers
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to ride together on buses
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journeys that core calls Freedom Rides
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the riders commit themselves to non violence
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I want you to think it over very carefully
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and if you believing a challenging segregation
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peacefully will force the authorities to act
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we would be very happy to have you
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embark upon this dangerous
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worthwhile significant mission
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core prepares the writers
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for the racial hatred they can expect
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hey you you you nigga
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you hear what that man said
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you hear what that man said
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00:16:38,666 --> 00:16:39,966
you you get back there
283
00:16:39,966 --> 00:16:42,099
get back get back
284
00:16:42,100 --> 00:16:43,366
get back get back
285
00:16:52,766 --> 00:16:54,833
on May 4th, 1961
286
00:16:55,100 --> 00:16:58,000
James Farmer leads 13 people black and white
287
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:02,066
onto buses in Washington DC bound for New Orleans
288
00:17:08,333 --> 00:17:10,833
ten days later the bus enters Alabama
289
00:17:12,266 --> 00:17:15,599
home to the largest KKK organization in America
290
00:17:20,700 --> 00:17:22,666
they know the riders are coming
291
00:17:25,700 --> 00:17:28,266
in Aniston the clan surrounds the bus
292
00:17:28,300 --> 00:17:29,766
slashing its tires
293
00:17:34,966 --> 00:17:38,566
photographer Joe Postalioni captures these images
294
00:17:41,266 --> 00:17:43,433
the crippled greyhound tries to escape
295
00:17:43,666 --> 00:17:45,333
but a few miles out of town
296
00:17:45,333 --> 00:17:47,633
the clan surrounds and fire bombs it
297
00:17:48,566 --> 00:17:50,366
with the riders still inside
298
00:18:02,566 --> 00:18:04,699
the Freedom Riders do escape the bus
299
00:18:05,300 --> 00:18:07,166
only to be beaten by the clan
300
00:18:10,500 --> 00:18:11,566
Joe's photos
301
00:18:11,566 --> 00:18:14,233
bring the Freedom Rides to international attention
302
00:18:21,566 --> 00:18:23,133
over the next five months
303
00:18:23,133 --> 00:18:26,299
400 volunteers ride through the southern states
304
00:18:35,500 --> 00:18:36,900
the attacks continue
305
00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:47,566
despite breaking no federal laws
306
00:18:47,566 --> 00:18:50,166
riders are arrested on trumped up charges
307
00:18:50,266 --> 00:18:52,766
simply for using segregated facilities
308
00:18:57,600 --> 00:18:59,066
with the nation and the world
309
00:18:59,066 --> 00:19:00,499
watching the Freedom Rides
310
00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:01,866
JFK's brother
311
00:19:01,866 --> 00:19:04,266
Attorney General Robert Kennedy steps in
312
00:19:06,700 --> 00:19:09,633
he orders the Supreme Court decision on integration
313
00:19:09,666 --> 00:19:11,999
to be enforced everywhere
314
00:19:12,066 --> 00:19:14,133
I think the attorney general has made it clear that
315
00:19:14,133 --> 00:19:17,166
we believe that everyone who travels
316
00:19:17,166 --> 00:19:18,833
whatever reason they travel
317
00:19:19,066 --> 00:19:21,399
should enjoy the full constitutional
318
00:19:21,600 --> 00:19:24,666
protections given to them by law
319
00:19:26,300 --> 00:19:27,800
after nearly a century
320
00:19:27,966 --> 00:19:30,266
the signs in the south start coming down
321
00:19:33,666 --> 00:19:36,299
whites only toilets drinking fountains
322
00:19:36,300 --> 00:19:38,833
waiting rooms all start to be integrated
323
00:19:42,533 --> 00:19:45,166
is a major victory for the civil rights movement
324
00:19:45,566 --> 00:19:47,166
but it is only the beginning
325
00:19:51,866 --> 00:19:52,899
in the south
326
00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:55,466
discrimination against African Americans
327
00:19:55,466 --> 00:19:57,033
remains ingrain
328
00:19:58,400 --> 00:19:59,333
our ambanshment
329
00:19:59,333 --> 00:20:01,866
does not allow us to serve niggers in here
330
00:20:04,466 --> 00:20:05,299
a year later
331
00:20:05,300 --> 00:20:08,466
segregation is still firmly in place in Alabama
332
00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:15,500
the new democratic governor George Wallace
333
00:20:15,666 --> 00:20:18,266
resolutely resists racial change
334
00:20:21,166 --> 00:20:22,733
he makes a defiant pledge
335
00:20:22,733 --> 00:20:25,899
in his inaugural address in January 1963
336
00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:28,600
segregation now
337
00:20:28,766 --> 00:20:30,566
segregation tomorrow
338
00:20:30,700 --> 00:20:32,800
and segregation forever
339
00:20:37,566 --> 00:20:40,666
but African Americans in Alabama have had enough
340
00:20:42,800 --> 00:20:45,966
in spring 1963 in the state's largest city
341
00:20:45,966 --> 00:20:49,366
Birmingham they stage non violent demonstrations
342
00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:56,833
Wallace responds protests are banned
343
00:20:57,066 --> 00:20:59,799
those arrested forced to pay high bail
344
00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:06,100
then America's most prominent civil rights leader
345
00:21:06,100 --> 00:21:07,266
comes to Birmingham
346
00:21:20,700 --> 00:21:22,466
April 12th Good Friday
347
00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:24,166
Martin Luther King Jr
348
00:21:24,166 --> 00:21:25,533
and Ralph Abernathy
349
00:21:25,533 --> 00:21:28,466
lead a march from the 16th Street Baptist Church
350
00:21:42,600 --> 00:21:43,833
they are arrested
351
00:21:42,700 --> 00:21:43,500
d'ailleurs le reste
352
00:21:53,200 --> 00:21:56,066
it is here that king pens his now celebrated
353
00:21:56,066 --> 00:21:57,799
letter from Birmingham Jail
354
00:21:58,133 --> 00:22:00,599
defending the resistance of African Americans
355
00:22:05,066 --> 00:22:07,266
in solitary confinement he writes
356
00:22:07,566 --> 00:22:11,499
injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere
357
00:22:12,333 --> 00:22:13,799
the letter becomes a touchstone
358
00:22:13,800 --> 00:22:15,266
for the civil rights movement
359
00:22:20,100 --> 00:22:22,300
is released on bond a week later
360
00:22:25,666 --> 00:22:27,966
the Birmingham campaign continues
361
00:22:33,666 --> 00:22:36,766
on May 3rd local news anchor Harry Mabry
362
00:22:36,766 --> 00:22:38,199
uses his home movie camera
363
00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:40,766
to capture this never before seen footage
364
00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:48,200
he is filming as the police turn dogs
365
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:50,400
and fire hoses on the protesters
366
00:23:06,366 --> 00:23:09,599
Kennedy sends 3,000 federal troops to Birmingham
367
00:23:09,600 --> 00:23:10,866
to restore order
368
00:23:12,866 --> 00:23:14,066
governor Wallace
369
00:23:14,133 --> 00:23:17,099
bitterly resents federal intervention in his state
370
00:23:17,733 --> 00:23:20,033
on June 11th, 1963
371
00:23:20,066 --> 00:23:22,899
he stands in the doorway of the university of Alabama
372
00:23:23,100 --> 00:23:25,966
to physically stop black students from entering
373
00:23:29,400 --> 00:23:31,966
Wallace is challenging a Supreme Court ruling
374
00:23:31,966 --> 00:23:35,366
that struck down school segregation nine years earlier
375
00:23:38,133 --> 00:23:41,399
the powers of the state and federal governments collide
376
00:23:41,766 --> 00:23:43,366
on national television
377
00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:45,833
do hereby denounce and forbid
378
00:23:46,066 --> 00:23:48,566
this illegal and unwarranted action
379
00:23:48,666 --> 00:23:50,099
by the central government
380
00:23:53,100 --> 00:23:55,666
Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach
381
00:23:55,733 --> 00:23:57,799
representing the Kennedy administration
382
00:23:57,800 --> 00:23:59,433
attempts to enforce the law
383
00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:02,300
they have a right to be here
384
00:24:02,300 --> 00:24:04,033
protected by that court order
385
00:24:04,533 --> 00:24:05,666
I'll ask you once again
386
00:24:05,666 --> 00:24:06,199
will you give me
387
00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:08,400
the assurance that you will step aside
388
00:24:08,400 --> 00:24:09,900
and peacefully do your duty
389
00:24:20,366 --> 00:24:22,766
cats and bark retreats to make a call to JFK
390
00:24:26,200 --> 00:24:27,466
Kennedy's response
391
00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:30,866
is to immediately federalize the Alabama National Guard
392
00:24:30,933 --> 00:24:33,499
and order them to remove their own governor
393
00:24:36,866 --> 00:24:40,566
and it's my insanity that I step aside
394
00:24:40,566 --> 00:24:44,666
under the orders of the United States
395
00:24:49,533 --> 00:24:52,966
the two black students James Hood and Vivian Malone
396
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:55,566
enter and begin their education
397
00:25:01,166 --> 00:25:02,666
the immense national attention
398
00:25:02,666 --> 00:25:05,066
brought by the escalating civil rights movement
399
00:25:05,466 --> 00:25:08,433
pushes Kennedy to take an historic step
400
00:25:08,966 --> 00:25:10,566
he delivers this speech
401
00:25:10,566 --> 00:25:12,466
the day the black students are admitted
402
00:25:13,466 --> 00:25:14,899
I hope that every American
403
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:16,633
regardless of where he lives
404
00:25:16,766 --> 00:25:18,966
will stop and examine his conscience
405
00:25:19,366 --> 00:25:21,499
about this and other related incidents
406
00:25:22,066 --> 00:25:24,266
this nation was founded on the principle
407
00:25:24,533 --> 00:25:26,466
that all men are created equal
408
00:25:28,100 --> 00:25:30,666
next week I shall ask the Congress of the United States
409
00:25:30,666 --> 00:25:32,799
to act to make a commitment
410
00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:34,900
it is not fully made in this century
411
00:25:35,166 --> 00:25:36,433
to the proposition
412
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:40,766
that race has no place in American life or law
413
00:25:41,933 --> 00:25:45,099
JFK wants to ban racial discrimination in schools
414
00:25:45,100 --> 00:25:47,300
workplaces and public facilities
415
00:25:47,700 --> 00:25:50,233
the boldest civil rights law ever attempted
416
00:26:00,266 --> 00:26:01,399
two months later
417
00:26:01,533 --> 00:26:03,399
JFK's official photographer
418
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:04,566
Cecil Staughton
419
00:26:04,866 --> 00:26:07,399
captures a relaxed president and his family
420
00:26:07,666 --> 00:26:09,433
off the coast of Massachusetts
421
00:26:14,700 --> 00:26:16,400
Jackie is nearly 8 months pregnant
422
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:17,833
with their son Patrick
423
00:26:21,100 --> 00:26:23,200
just days after this footage is taken
424
00:26:23,300 --> 00:26:26,033
he is born prematurely and doesn't survive
425
00:26:32,100 --> 00:26:33,566
a grief stricken JFK
426
00:26:33,800 --> 00:26:36,666
throws himself back into the battle for civil rights
427
00:26:48,066 --> 00:26:50,599
August 28th, 1963
428
00:26:50,866 --> 00:26:52,233
the March on Washington
429
00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:54,933
the largest demonstration ever seen
430
00:26:54,933 --> 00:26:56,399
in the nation's capital
431
00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:59,066
on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial
432
00:26:59,066 --> 00:27:02,799
King tells 250,000 people that he has a dream
433
00:27:03,166 --> 00:27:06,166
and calls for the end of racial discrimination
434
00:27:07,066 --> 00:27:08,266
justice for all
435
00:27:11,666 --> 00:27:14,499
Kennedy civil rights Bill is now before Congress
436
00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:17,433
historic change is within his reach
437
00:27:18,133 --> 00:27:20,699
but to make it last he'll need to win reelection
438
00:27:23,500 --> 00:27:26,066
he needs to ease tension with Southern Democrats
439
00:27:26,066 --> 00:27:27,599
in states like Texas
440
00:27:27,600 --> 00:27:30,233
where civil rights reforms are still unpopular
441
00:27:31,966 --> 00:27:33,766
in November he plans a two day
442
00:27:33,766 --> 00:27:35,666
five city tour of the state
443
00:27:38,166 --> 00:27:42,066
JFK and his wife land in Dallas Texas at 11:00am
444
00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:44,866
November 22nd, 1963
445
00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,666
it's Jackie's first public appearance
446
00:27:50,733 --> 00:27:52,266
since the loss of her baby
447
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:57,066
the presidential limousine
448
00:27:57,066 --> 00:27:58,633
SS one hundred x
449
00:27:58,666 --> 00:27:59,666
is there to greet them
450
00:27:59,666 --> 00:28:01,766
and take them the 10 miles through town
451
00:28:01,766 --> 00:28:02,866
to the trademark
452
00:28:02,866 --> 00:28:04,866
where the president will speak at a luncheon
453
00:28:06,133 --> 00:28:07,766
despite a forecast of rain
454
00:28:07,766 --> 00:28:10,066
Kennedy wants the bubble top to be open
455
00:28:15,300 --> 00:28:16,700
en mauvais zone tivicame
456
00:28:15,466 --> 00:28:18,566
all movies and TV cameras capture the excitement
457
00:28:21,400 --> 00:28:32,633
thousands line the route a radio newsman reports live
458
00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:45,333
something has happened in the motor state group
459
00:28:45,333 --> 00:28:46,299
something I repeat
460
00:28:46,300 --> 00:28:48,066
has happened in the motor state group
461
00:28:56,066 --> 00:28:58,833
November 22nd, 1963
462
00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:01,900
for the first time ever
463
00:29:02,066 --> 00:29:04,166
network television is interrupted
464
00:29:07,066 --> 00:29:09,466
here is a bulletin from CBS News
465
00:29:09,466 --> 00:29:11,599
First report say that President Kennedy
466
00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:12,566
caught off guard
467
00:29:12,566 --> 00:29:13,599
it takes CBS
468
00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:16,266
News 6 minutes to get their cameras on the air
469
00:29:16,966 --> 00:29:19,133
this is water prime guide in our news room
470
00:29:19,133 --> 00:29:22,866
and there has been an attempt as perhaps you know
471
00:29:22,866 --> 00:29:24,899
now on the life of President Kennedy
472
00:29:26,333 --> 00:29:27,399
An hour later
473
00:29:27,500 --> 00:29:30,233
Walter Kronkite breaks the news to the nation
474
00:29:32,533 --> 00:29:36,099
from Dallas Texas the flash apparently official
475
00:29:36,166 --> 00:29:41,566
President Kennedy died at 1 p m Central Standard Time
476
00:29:41,866 --> 00:29:46,833
2:00 Eastern Standard Time some 38 minutes ago
477
00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:50,666
for the first time
478
00:29:50,700 --> 00:29:53,866
a national tragedy is reported live on TV
479
00:29:57,800 --> 00:29:59,066
within two hours
480
00:29:59,066 --> 00:30:02,633
92% of Americans know their president is dead
481
00:30:04,266 --> 00:30:06,033
it's a state of unbelief
482
00:30:06,366 --> 00:30:08,366
nobody quite believes exactly what's happened
483
00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:09,900
I think it's one of the saddest things
484
00:30:09,900 --> 00:30:12,066
that's ever happened to me
485
00:30:12,066 --> 00:30:12,733
it's a shock
486
00:30:12,733 --> 00:30:14,399
a disgrace for the whole nation
487
00:30:15,500 --> 00:30:16,466
je lance la priorité
488
00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:19,100
the loss that I feel that we will feel for some time
489
00:30:17,300 --> 00:30:18,500
oui oui oui oui il faut s'entendre
490
00:30:24,133 --> 00:30:28,366
Monday November 25th JFK is late to rest
491
00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:33,500
with millions bearing witness around the world
492
00:30:43,900 --> 00:30:44,866
President Lyndon B
493
00:30:44,866 --> 00:30:47,666
Johnson pledges to continue what Kennedy started
494
00:30:48,333 --> 00:30:51,566
no memorial oration or eulogy
495
00:30:52,366 --> 00:30:56,166
could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory
496
00:30:57,200 --> 00:31:00,166
and the earliest possible passage
497
00:31:00,166 --> 00:31:03,433
of the civil rights Bill for which he fought so long
498
00:31:05,966 --> 00:31:08,099
the grieving nation supports Johnson
499
00:31:08,666 --> 00:31:09,599
the new president
500
00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:13,233
overcomes a 75 day filibuster by southern senators
501
00:31:14,066 --> 00:31:16,799
on July 2nd, 1964
502
00:31:17,066 --> 00:31:19,566
The Civil Rights Act becomes law
503
00:31:21,100 --> 00:31:23,166
racial discrimination in schools
504
00:31:23,166 --> 00:31:26,799
employment or public places is now illegal
505
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:35,633
on February 7th, 1964
506
00:31:35,866 --> 00:31:38,166
Pan Am Yankee Clipper Flight 1 0 1
507
00:31:38,166 --> 00:31:40,199
rolls into JFK Airport
508
00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:48,866
on board are four musicians from Liverpool England
509
00:31:45,733 --> 00:31:47,133
ambole a froid musique
510
00:31:47,366 --> 00:31:48,266
nous sommes le Covid
511
00:31:52,300 --> 00:31:56,633
3,000 American fans have turned out to greet the beat
512
00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:09,866
their single I Wanna hold your hand
513
00:32:09,866 --> 00:32:12,366
has just hit the top of the American charts
514
00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:14,666
where it will stay for seven weeks
515
00:32:16,766 --> 00:32:20,833
the British humor charms the hordes of reporters no
516
00:32:21,766 --> 00:32:24,633
no no thanks I have one yesterday
517
00:32:29,766 --> 00:32:32,299
their mod suits and bowl haircuts
518
00:32:32,533 --> 00:32:34,199
give them a rebellious look
519
00:32:34,566 --> 00:32:36,199
they're adored by the girls
520
00:32:36,200 --> 00:32:37,333
I wanna kiss one of them
521
00:32:37,333 --> 00:32:38,233
I love them
522
00:32:39,566 --> 00:32:40,699
boys are equally in
523
00:32:40,700 --> 00:32:43,100
raptured by this new sound and style
524
00:32:44,366 --> 00:32:45,533
on February 9th
525
00:32:45,533 --> 00:32:47,133
hundreds line up to see the Beatles
526
00:32:47,133 --> 00:32:48,599
on The Ed Sullivan Show
527
00:32:49,933 --> 00:32:52,966
and more than 73 million tune in to watch
528
00:32:56,066 --> 00:32:57,766
they play concerts in Washington
529
00:32:57,766 --> 00:32:59,099
New York and Miami
530
00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:02,033
before returning home on February 22nd
531
00:33:03,766 --> 00:33:06,066
the Beatles embodied the youth revolutions
532
00:33:06,066 --> 00:33:07,666
spreading across America
533
00:33:11,733 --> 00:33:14,766
a new generation is pushing the boundaries of culture
534
00:33:14,766 --> 00:33:16,566
society and technology
535
00:33:18,966 --> 00:33:23,099
the baby boomers are growing up and in 1964
536
00:33:23,100 --> 00:33:25,633
are the beneficiaries of an economic boom
537
00:33:28,766 --> 00:33:32,599
more than 32 million families 60% of the country
538
00:33:32,733 --> 00:33:35,066
own their own home and at least one car
539
00:33:40,066 --> 00:33:41,366
but thousands of Americans
540
00:33:41,366 --> 00:33:43,499
are shunning this consumer lifestyle
541
00:33:48,133 --> 00:33:50,066
a counter culture is emerging
542
00:33:50,400 --> 00:33:52,833
and its nucleus is in California
543
00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:58,300
it opposes political and social norms
544
00:33:58,666 --> 00:34:00,466
believing peace love
545
00:34:00,466 --> 00:34:03,833
and personal freedom can solve the world's problems
546
00:34:06,666 --> 00:34:08,933
a bold belief as California
547
00:34:08,933 --> 00:34:13,233
1965 is the country's second most populated state
548
00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:15,966
with Los Angeles the most crowded city
549
00:34:16,100 --> 00:34:18,233
and one of the most racially diverse
550
00:34:22,666 --> 00:34:24,599
decades of immigrants from Asia
551
00:34:24,666 --> 00:34:25,599
Latin America
552
00:34:25,600 --> 00:34:27,466
and the internal migration of African
553
00:34:27,466 --> 00:34:28,833
Americans from the south
554
00:34:28,900 --> 00:34:31,566
makes LA a melting pot of culture
555
00:34:35,333 --> 00:34:37,566
just 5,000 police officers
556
00:34:37,566 --> 00:34:40,399
patrol this 400 square mile city
557
00:34:42,733 --> 00:34:43,933
this training video
558
00:34:43,933 --> 00:34:46,099
highlights the new tactics they adopt
559
00:34:47,933 --> 00:34:50,566
the surprise appearance of a specially equipped
560
00:34:50,566 --> 00:34:51,966
discipline police unit
561
00:34:51,966 --> 00:34:53,133
early in the action
562
00:34:53,133 --> 00:34:56,166
will often be sufficient to dominate the situation
563
00:35:06,300 --> 00:35:09,600
you can usually rely on the progressive employment of
564
00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:12,300
your riot formations the baton
565
00:35:12,600 --> 00:35:14,900
smoke and tear gas
566
00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:17,233
to break out most civil disturbances
567
00:35:22,266 --> 00:35:24,299
but that toughness comes at a cost
568
00:35:25,133 --> 00:35:27,433
increase tension with minority groups
569
00:35:28,666 --> 00:35:30,466
complaints of racial discrimination
570
00:35:30,466 --> 00:35:32,299
and police brutality grow
571
00:35:33,133 --> 00:35:34,599
stopping us on the street
572
00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:35,600
kicking into those
573
00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:36,566
taking down the police station
574
00:35:36,566 --> 00:35:37,799
and kicking your teeth in
575
00:35:39,900 --> 00:35:42,700
August 11th, 1965
576
00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:44,766
the fire of resentment
577
00:35:44,933 --> 00:35:47,999
ignites in the African American neighborhood of Watts
578
00:35:49,900 --> 00:35:53,566
at 7 p m officers stop 21 year old Marquette Frye
579
00:35:53,566 --> 00:35:54,966
for reckless driving
580
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:57,533
his mother comes to the scene
581
00:35:57,533 --> 00:35:59,499
and a crowd quickly gathers
582
00:36:00,133 --> 00:36:03,366
the situation begins to escalate and get out of control
583
00:36:05,166 --> 00:36:06,433
a riot breaks up
584
00:36:09,466 --> 00:36:10,266
fin exprès
585
00:36:09,500 --> 00:36:10,633
fire spread
586
00:36:14,333 --> 00:36:16,299
riding and police clashes continue
587
00:36:16,300 --> 00:36:17,666
for the next three days
588
00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:26,033
by 1 a m on August 14th
589
00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:28,300
there are 100 fire crews in Watts
590
00:36:28,300 --> 00:36:30,033
trying to control the Blazers
591
00:36:31,666 --> 00:36:35,233
curfews and mass arrests take place across Los Angeles
592
00:36:41,066 --> 00:36:44,699
3,000 National Guardsmen join police to restore order
593
00:36:52,333 --> 00:36:53,566
when it is all over
594
00:36:53,566 --> 00:36:55,299
34 people are dead
595
00:36:56,200 --> 00:36:58,033
1,032 injured
596
00:36:58,200 --> 00:37:00,500
nearly three and a half thousand in jail
597
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:01,500
and there's been
598
00:37:01,500 --> 00:37:04,266
more than $40 million of property damage
599
00:37:06,533 --> 00:37:09,399
Watts is just one of hundreds of protests
600
00:37:09,400 --> 00:37:12,700
and police clashes in America in 1965
601
00:37:15,466 --> 00:37:18,566
America is at the height of a revolution
602
00:37:21,266 --> 00:37:23,666
but a different revolution is on the horizon
603
00:37:24,500 --> 00:37:26,400
one of love and peace
604
00:37:32,366 --> 00:37:35,966
it's 1965 for the past five years
605
00:37:35,966 --> 00:37:38,066
America has built up a military presence
606
00:37:38,066 --> 00:37:39,233
in South Vietnam
607
00:37:41,333 --> 00:37:43,333
in response to communist North Vietnam
608
00:37:43,333 --> 00:37:45,299
threats against their southern neighbors
609
00:37:45,666 --> 00:37:46,799
on March 2nd
610
00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:47,733
America launches
611
00:37:47,733 --> 00:37:50,266
its biggest military deployment in a decade
612
00:38:00,600 --> 00:38:02,600
Operation Rolling Thunder
613
00:38:07,666 --> 00:38:10,299
the US is now attacking the enemy's homeland
614
00:38:11,333 --> 00:38:14,033
which President Johnson says is justified
615
00:38:17,466 --> 00:38:18,899
over many years
616
00:38:19,166 --> 00:38:21,799
we have made a national pledge
617
00:38:22,266 --> 00:38:27,399
to help South Vietnam defend its independence
618
00:38:27,933 --> 00:38:31,666
and I intend to keep that promise
619
00:38:35,666 --> 00:38:37,966
but the bombing will last not for weeks
620
00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:39,966
but for another three years
621
00:38:42,133 --> 00:38:47,566
in 1965 alone over 230,000 troops are drafted
622
00:38:53,866 --> 00:38:56,799
one famous young American eligible for the draft
623
00:38:56,866 --> 00:38:59,033
is heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali
624
00:39:12,266 --> 00:39:14,466
Ali a Muslim and pacifist
625
00:39:14,566 --> 00:39:16,866
says he cannot kill people in Vietnam
626
00:39:21,100 --> 00:39:25,366
on April 28th, 1967 as a conscientious objector
627
00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:27,633
he refuses the order to join the army
628
00:39:28,966 --> 00:39:31,133
well whatever the punishment
629
00:39:31,133 --> 00:39:32,866
whatever the persecution is
630
00:39:32,866 --> 00:39:35,333
for standing up for my religious beliefs
631
00:39:35,333 --> 00:39:38,399
even if it means facing machine gun Father Day
632
00:39:38,400 --> 00:39:41,466
I will face it before denouncing Elijah
633
00:39:41,466 --> 00:39:43,599
Muhammad and the religion of Islam
634
00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:44,900
two months later
635
00:39:45,100 --> 00:39:47,266
Ali is convicted of draft evasion
636
00:39:47,266 --> 00:39:49,366
and sentenced to five years in prison
637
00:39:50,966 --> 00:39:52,966
boxing authorities strip him of his title
638
00:39:52,966 --> 00:39:54,466
and ban him from the ring
639
00:39:56,100 --> 00:39:59,500
but he avoids jail by appealing to the US Supreme Court
640
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:06,966
by the fall of 1967
641
00:40:06,966 --> 00:40:08,766
the US troop level in Vietnam
642
00:40:08,766 --> 00:40:10,766
is closing in on half a million
643
00:40:18,266 --> 00:40:20,233
more than 100,000 have been injured
644
00:40:20,333 --> 00:40:22,766
and 15,000 Americans are dead
645
00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:26,300
America is split
646
00:40:27,166 --> 00:40:29,099
half the country supports the war
647
00:40:29,166 --> 00:40:31,699
believing it is vital to contain communism
648
00:40:31,700 --> 00:40:33,700
and advance freedom around the world
649
00:40:35,300 --> 00:40:36,466
but the other half
650
00:40:39,766 --> 00:40:41,266
they oppose the draft
651
00:40:41,366 --> 00:40:44,299
and the surging death toll among troops and civilians
652
00:40:45,200 --> 00:40:47,800
they say the war is illegal and immoral
653
00:40:49,966 --> 00:40:51,799
demonstrations across the country
654
00:40:51,800 --> 00:40:54,066
bear witness to the growing unrest
655
00:41:02,900 --> 00:41:04,300
Martin Luther King Jr
656
00:41:04,300 --> 00:41:05,966
supports the protests
657
00:41:06,333 --> 00:41:08,299
he denounces channeling so much money
658
00:41:08,300 --> 00:41:10,300
to a futile overseas effort
659
00:41:10,500 --> 00:41:12,633
when so many are suffering at home
660
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:18,300
if we can spend $35 billion a year to fight
661
00:41:21,200 --> 00:41:23,900
our nation can spend billions of dollars
662
00:41:23,900 --> 00:41:26,833
to put God's children on their own two feet
663
00:41:31,100 --> 00:41:32,600
one year after this speech
664
00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:34,800
on April 4th, 1968
665
00:41:34,933 --> 00:41:36,366
in Memphis Tennessee
666
00:41:37,300 --> 00:41:38,933
just after 6 p m
667
00:41:38,933 --> 00:41:40,233
a shot rings out
668
00:41:43,866 --> 00:41:46,033
on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel
669
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:48,266
Martin Luther King Jr is hit
670
00:41:52,266 --> 00:41:54,966
king's companions Jesse Jackson
671
00:41:54,966 --> 00:41:58,366
Ralph Abernathy and Billy Kyle's point toward the shot
672
00:41:58,366 --> 00:42:00,466
as a civil rights leader lies dying
673
00:42:04,500 --> 00:42:07,566
once again the nation is thrown into grief
674
00:42:16,166 --> 00:42:18,099
but after a decade of strife
675
00:42:18,100 --> 00:42:20,866
something potentially unifying beckons
676
00:42:21,200 --> 00:42:25,066
America is very close to putting a man on the moon
677
00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:34,700
November 1968
678
00:42:35,133 --> 00:42:37,866
in yet another of the decades stunning turns
679
00:42:37,966 --> 00:42:39,466
the man elected president
680
00:42:39,500 --> 00:42:42,866
is the same man Jack Kennedy defeated in 1960
681
00:42:43,133 --> 00:42:44,233
Richard Nixon
682
00:42:47,766 --> 00:42:51,999
he wins a tight election America is ready for change
683
00:42:54,900 --> 00:42:56,700
we wanna bridge the generation gap
684
00:42:56,700 --> 00:43:00,033
we wanna bridge the gap between the races
685
00:43:00,166 --> 00:43:03,099
we wanna bring the America together
686
00:43:03,566 --> 00:43:05,666
and I am confident that
687
00:43:06,066 --> 00:43:09,099
this task is one that we can undertake
688
00:43:09,666 --> 00:43:11,633
and one of which we will build successful
689
00:43:14,666 --> 00:43:15,699
but eight months later
690
00:43:15,700 --> 00:43:18,400
the generation gap is still playing to see
691
00:43:22,466 --> 00:43:24,266
Joe Lemay is 21
692
00:43:24,466 --> 00:43:27,199
and works for the Eastman Kodak company in New York
693
00:43:28,733 --> 00:43:31,433
he and his wife Valerie have a new baby girl
694
00:43:38,500 --> 00:43:41,066
August 15th, 1969
695
00:43:41,300 --> 00:43:43,566
the Lemays joined half a million young Americans
696
00:43:43,566 --> 00:43:44,633
heading up state
697
00:43:50,533 --> 00:43:53,633
organizers of a three day festival of peace and music
698
00:43:53,766 --> 00:43:55,599
are racing for a new venue
699
00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:58,899
after residents of Ulster County shoot down their plans
700
00:44:01,533 --> 00:44:04,399
a dairy farm in the Catskills becomes the new site
701
00:44:05,300 --> 00:44:08,366
but they stick with the original name Woodstock
702
00:44:18,966 --> 00:44:21,799
Joe shoots this footage never broadcast before
703
00:44:21,800 --> 00:44:24,300
of the climax of the counterculture
704
00:44:29,700 --> 00:44:30,500
et nous sommes
705
00:44:29,733 --> 00:44:34,066
in the summer of 1969 America is at an all time high
706
00:44:40,166 --> 00:44:41,833
a month before Woodstock
707
00:44:41,966 --> 00:44:43,099
the nation experiences
708
00:44:43,100 --> 00:44:45,566
one of the defining moments in human history
709
00:44:48,866 --> 00:44:51,666
July 16th, 1969
710
00:44:52,966 --> 00:44:57,299
10:09 ignition sequence start
711
00:44:57,900 --> 00:45:06,166
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 all engine running
712
00:45:12,200 --> 00:45:16,766
lift off we have a lift off 33 minutes past the hour
713
00:45:16,900 --> 00:45:18,566
lift off on Apollo 11
714
00:45:22,900 --> 00:45:25,000
Americans crowd highways and beaches
715
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:26,933
to witness the launch of Apollo 11
716
00:45:26,933 --> 00:45:28,499
from the Kennedy Space Center
717
00:45:37,133 --> 00:45:39,766
on board astronauts Michael Collins
718
00:45:39,766 --> 00:45:42,166
Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong
719
00:45:46,600 --> 00:45:49,700
and Quality Day is the angle at Atlantic
720
00:45:52,166 --> 00:45:53,333
from the Oval Office
721
00:45:53,333 --> 00:45:54,666
President Nixon watches
722
00:45:54,666 --> 00:45:58,466
along with 600 million people worldwide
723
00:46:00,766 --> 00:46:03,433
the biggest TV audience ever at that time
724
00:46:15,300 --> 00:46:16,500
on July 20th
725
00:46:16,600 --> 00:46:20,866
the world sees the first men Americans walk on the moon
726
00:46:26,933 --> 00:46:33,033
that's one small step per man one diapese per man
727
00:46:40,200 --> 00:46:43,366
I love you
728
00:46:47,933 --> 00:46:49,366
hello Neil and buzz
729
00:46:50,133 --> 00:46:51,099
from the White House
730
00:46:51,100 --> 00:46:53,466
the president congratulates the astronauts
731
00:46:54,100 --> 00:46:56,333
I just can't tell you how proud we
732
00:46:56,333 --> 00:46:58,233
all are of what you have done
733
00:46:58,600 --> 00:46:59,700
for every American
734
00:46:59,700 --> 00:47:02,233
this has to be the proudest day of our lives
735
00:47:03,600 --> 00:47:05,300
the promise John Kennedy made
736
00:47:05,300 --> 00:47:07,833
at the start of the decade has been fulfilled
737
00:47:10,866 --> 00:47:13,199
America has won the space race
738
00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:19,400
it is Americans who show the world
739
00:47:19,400 --> 00:47:20,800
the view from the moon
740
00:47:24,566 --> 00:47:25,566
the past 10 years
741
00:47:25,566 --> 00:47:27,966
have brought revolutionary changes to America
742
00:47:31,300 --> 00:47:33,466
the nation has confronted racial division
743
00:47:33,766 --> 00:47:36,166
a new chasm between the generations
744
00:47:38,766 --> 00:47:40,366
great men have died
745
00:47:41,066 --> 00:47:43,299
but the promise of lofty ideals
746
00:47:43,300 --> 00:47:45,300
still binds the nation together
747
00:47:45,500 --> 00:47:46,900
no matter how loosely
748
00:47:48,533 --> 00:47:50,033
and the 1960s
749
00:47:50,300 --> 00:47:53,266
become known as the dawn of modern America
54694
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