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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:20,076 --> 00:00:21,351 Dr. Oppenheimer. 2 00:00:23,054 --> 00:00:24,220 Dr. Oppenheimer. 3 00:00:25,671 --> 00:00:27,720 As we begin, I believe you have a statement 4 00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:29,320 to read into the record. 5 00:00:30,933 --> 00:00:32,023 - Yes, your honor. 6 00:00:32,187 --> 00:00:34,664 - We're not judges, doctor. 7 00:00:36,144 --> 00:00:37,144 - Of course. 8 00:00:42,948 --> 00:00:45,557 Members of the Security Board, 9 00:00:45,814 --> 00:00:49,074 the so-called interrogatory information in your indictment 10 00:00:49,074 --> 00:00:55,074 of me cannot be fairly understood, except in the context of my life and my work. 11 00:00:55,453 --> 00:00:57,408 - How long did he testify? 12 00:00:57,953 --> 00:00:59,890 - Honestly, I forget. 13 00:01:01,208 --> 00:01:03,181 The whole hearing took a month. 14 00:01:03,339 --> 00:01:04,339 - And how did you know? 15 00:01:04,573 --> 00:01:06,573 - Well, I've only read the transcripts. 16 00:01:09,159 --> 00:01:11,745 - Who'd want to justify their whole life? - You weren't there? 17 00:01:11,917 --> 00:01:13,608 - As Chairman, I wasn't allowed to be. 18 00:01:13,941 --> 00:01:15,608 Are they really going to ask about it? 19 00:01:16,425 --> 00:01:17,990 That was years ago. 20 00:01:18,069 --> 00:01:20,069 - Four years ago. - Five. 21 00:01:20,691 --> 00:01:22,261 Oppenheimer still divides America. 22 00:01:22,317 --> 00:01:24,317 The committee's going to want to know where you stood. 23 00:01:25,232 --> 00:01:28,863 Senator Thurmond will testify... ...I was gonna say not to feel that you're on trial. 24 00:01:29,011 --> 00:01:32,032 - Oh, funny, I didn't know you just said that. 25 00:01:32,253 --> 00:01:34,032 - Really, Mr. Strauss? - It's out of question. 26 00:01:34,057 --> 00:01:36,157 Yeah. Admiral Strauss, this is a... 27 00:01:36,227 --> 00:01:39,232 This is a formality. President Eisenhower has asked you to be in his cabinet. 28 00:01:39,539 --> 00:01:43,232 - The Senate really has no choice but to confirm him. - And if they bring up Oppenheimer? 29 00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:48,232 - When they bring up Oppenheimer, you answer honestly. No senator can deny you did your duty. 30 00:01:48,380 --> 00:01:52,232 It'll be uncomfortable. People who want to justify their whole life. 31 00:01:57,982 --> 00:02:00,099 - Why did you leave the United States? 32 00:02:02,270 --> 00:02:05,270 - I, ah, I wanted to study the new physics. 33 00:02:05,673 --> 00:02:07,474 Was there nowhere here? 34 00:02:07,810 --> 00:02:10,903 I thought Berkeley had the leading theoretical physics department. 35 00:02:11,426 --> 00:02:13,426 Yes, once I had built it. 36 00:02:14,146 --> 00:02:18,458 But first I had to go to Europe. I went to Cambridge to study under Patrick Blackett. 37 00:02:18,599 --> 00:02:21,064 Were you happier there than in America? 38 00:02:21,458 --> 00:02:22,458 Happier? 39 00:02:22,458 --> 00:02:23,458 Yes. 40 00:02:27,458 --> 00:02:28,458 No. 41 00:02:28,458 --> 00:02:30,458 No, I, uh... 42 00:02:32,755 --> 00:02:34,762 I was homesick, and... 43 00:02:35,622 --> 00:02:37,755 emotionally immature... 44 00:02:38,700 --> 00:02:41,122 troubled by visions of a... 45 00:02:41,122 --> 00:02:42,122 ...in- 46 00:02:42,122 --> 00:02:44,443 ...universe. 47 00:02:55,512 --> 00:02:57,512 Useless in the lab. 48 00:03:01,689 --> 00:03:03,689 Christ, Oppenheimer! 49 00:03:04,018 --> 00:03:06,018 Have you had any sleep? 50 00:03:08,018 --> 00:03:09,018 You start again. 51 00:03:09,018 --> 00:03:11,018 I need to go to the lecture, sir. 52 00:03:11,939 --> 00:03:12,939 Why? 53 00:03:13,119 --> 00:03:15,119 It's Niels Bohr. 54 00:03:17,537 --> 00:03:19,310 I think you've forgotten. 55 00:03:19,642 --> 00:03:22,642 All right. Let's go. 56 00:03:23,986 --> 00:03:27,309 I don't want you, Oppenheimer. You finish Kudgeman's plates. 57 00:03:46,303 --> 00:03:48,568 POTASSIUM CYANIDE 58 00:04:07,044 --> 00:04:10,665 Quantum physics is not a step forward, 59 00:04:10,771 --> 00:04:14,419 it is a new way to understand reality. 60 00:04:14,638 --> 00:04:18,085 Einstein's opened the door, now we are peering through, 61 00:04:18,109 --> 00:04:20,138 seeing a world inside our world, 62 00:04:20,138 --> 00:04:26,677 a world of energy and paradox that not everyone can accept. 63 00:05:09,393 --> 00:05:10,557 Are you alright? 64 00:05:11,362 --> 00:05:13,860 Niels, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer. 65 00:05:14,003 --> 00:05:17,001 - What's the J stand for? - Nothing, apparently. 66 00:05:17,159 --> 00:05:19,650 You were at my lecture. You asked the only good questions. 67 00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:21,181 No one's denying his insight. 68 00:05:21,243 --> 00:05:23,980 It's his laboratory work that leaves a little to be desired. 69 00:05:24,634 --> 00:05:28,480 - I heard you give the same lecture. - At Harvard, yes, and you asked the same questions. 70 00:05:28,620 --> 00:05:30,790 - Why ask again? - I'd liked your answer. 71 00:05:32,633 --> 00:05:35,269 - Did you like it better yesterday? - A lot. 72 00:05:35,433 --> 00:05:39,816 You can lift the stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed. 73 00:05:40,003 --> 00:05:43,808 Now it seems you're ready. But you don't enjoy the lab. 74 00:05:44,792 --> 00:05:47,331 So get out of Cambridge, with its beakers and potions. 75 00:05:47,409 --> 00:05:49,550 Go somewhere they'll let you think. 76 00:05:50,526 --> 00:05:51,526 Where? 77 00:05:53,627 --> 00:05:55,941 - Göttingen. - Born. Born. 78 00:05:56,352 --> 00:06:00,495 Get to Germany, study under Max Born, learn the ways of theory. 79 00:06:01,042 --> 00:06:02,691 I'll send word. 80 00:06:03,155 --> 00:06:04,155 [Unintelligible] 81 00:06:06,500 --> 00:06:09,558 - How's your mathematics? - Not good enough for the physicist he wants to be. 82 00:06:09,656 --> 00:06:11,925 - Algebra is like sheet music. 83 00:06:11,995 --> 00:06:15,656 The important thing isn't can you read music, it's can you hear it. 84 00:06:15,805 --> 00:06:17,925 Can you hear the music, Robert? 85 00:06:19,204 --> 00:06:20,480 Yes, I can. 86 00:07:55,820 --> 00:07:57,624 The senator from Wyoming. 87 00:07:58,243 --> 00:08:02,735 Admiral Strauss, I'm interested in your relationship with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 88 00:08:02,938 --> 00:08:04,578 You met him in 1947? 89 00:08:05,469 --> 00:08:06,587 Correct. 90 00:08:06,878 --> 00:08:09,126 You were commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission? 91 00:08:09,445 --> 00:08:13,949 I was, but I actually met Robert in my capacity as board member 92 00:08:14,415 --> 00:08:17,149 of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. 93 00:08:17,852 --> 00:08:21,735 After the war, he was world-crowned as the great man of physics, and I was... 94 00:08:22,359 --> 00:08:25,320 determined to get him to run the Institute. 95 00:08:25,345 --> 00:08:29,789 [1XBET ad, lol] 96 00:08:32,461 --> 00:08:35,130 - Are you watching porn? - No, no, not at all. 97 00:08:35,179 --> 00:08:38,832 This is Eva Alfie, the new ambassador of 1XBET. 98 00:08:39,832 --> 00:08:45,454 Everyone liked it when Eva Alfie became the new ambassador of 1XBET. 99 00:08:55,054 --> 00:08:56,226 Dr. Oppenheimer. 100 00:08:56,882 --> 00:08:58,835 An honor. - Mr. Strauss. 101 00:08:59,085 --> 00:09:00,530 It's pronounced "straws". 102 00:09:01,304 --> 00:09:02,499 Oh-ppenheimer, Aw-ppenheimer... 103 00:09:02,577 --> 00:09:05,468 However you say it, they know I'm Jewish. [?] 104 00:09:05,934 --> 00:09:08,640 I'm President of Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan. 105 00:09:08,858 --> 00:09:11,176 Strauss is just a sudden pronunciation. 106 00:09:11,176 --> 00:09:13,176 Anyway, welcome to the Institute. 107 00:09:13,176 --> 00:09:15,176 I think you'll be very happy here. 108 00:09:15,460 --> 00:09:17,030 Yes, well, you'll love the commute. 109 00:09:17,308 --> 00:09:21,846 The position comes with that house for you, and your wife, and your two children. 110 00:09:22,030 --> 00:09:23,176 Yes, two of them. 111 00:09:23,176 --> 00:09:25,502 I'm a great admirer of your work. 112 00:09:25,666 --> 00:09:28,252 Are you a physicist by training, Mr. Strauss? 113 00:09:28,416 --> 00:09:30,416 I'm sorry, common room, four o'clock tea. 114 00:09:30,486 --> 00:09:33,176 No, I'm not trained in physics or anything else, 115 00:09:33,176 --> 00:09:34,176 and I'm a self-made man. 116 00:09:34,176 --> 00:09:36,176 Ah, I can relate to that. 117 00:09:36,386 --> 00:09:38,947 - Really? - Yes, my father was one. 118 00:09:40,155 --> 00:09:43,155 And this would be your office. 119 00:09:51,884 --> 00:09:54,101 I'm told he's there most afternoons. 120 00:09:54,313 --> 00:09:59,285 You know, I've always wondered why you didn't involve him in the Manhattan Project. 121 00:10:01,236 --> 00:10:04,947 - Greatest scientific mind of our time. - Of his time. 122 00:10:05,517 --> 00:10:10,528 Einstein published his theory of relativity more than 40 years ago now. 123 00:10:11,575 --> 00:10:13,575 I remember it's a quantum world it revealed. 124 00:10:13,955 --> 00:10:15,973 "God doesn't play dice." 125 00:10:16,272 --> 00:10:17,272 Precisely. 126 00:10:17,562 --> 00:10:20,041 You never thought of studying physics formally, Mr. Strauss? 127 00:10:20,275 --> 00:10:23,181 I had offers, but I chose to sell shoes. 128 00:10:23,345 --> 00:10:25,968 Louis Strauss was once a lowly shoe salesman. 129 00:10:26,968 --> 00:10:28,968 No, just a shoe salesman. 130 00:10:32,446 --> 00:10:35,357 - I'd love to introduce you. - No need. 131 00:10:36,155 --> 00:10:38,155 I've known him for years. 132 00:10:59,189 --> 00:11:00,749 Albert? 133 00:11:05,345 --> 00:11:09,058 What was that? [What did you tell him?] 134 00:11:11,011 --> 00:11:13,011 Oh, he's fine. 135 00:11:14,564 --> 00:11:18,650 Mr. Strauss, there are things in my past you ought to be aware of. 136 00:11:18,908 --> 00:11:22,736 Well, as chairman of the AEC, I have access to your security file. I've read it. 137 00:11:23,291 --> 00:11:24,681 You're not worried? 138 00:11:24,837 --> 00:11:27,410 Why would I be worried after everything you've done for your country? 139 00:11:27,792 --> 00:11:29,298 Times change, Mr. Strauss. 140 00:11:29,408 --> 00:11:33,408 Well, the purpose of this institute is to provide a haven for independent minds. 141 00:11:34,392 --> 00:11:35,392 That's you. 142 00:11:35,548 --> 00:11:37,548 You are the man for the job. 143 00:11:38,157 --> 00:11:39,400 Well, then I'll consider it. 144 00:11:40,188 --> 00:11:42,188 I'll see you at the AAC meeting tomorrow. 145 00:11:47,024 --> 00:11:49,455 This is one of the most prestigious appointments in the country. 146 00:11:49,688 --> 00:11:51,688 Yes, and a great commute. 147 00:11:52,392 --> 00:11:53,994 That's why I'm considering it. 148 00:11:55,267 --> 00:11:58,693 So Dr. Oppenheimer brought your attention to his past associations, 149 00:11:59,267 --> 00:12:01,314 - before you appointed him? -Yes. 150 00:12:01,900 --> 00:12:03,275 And they didn't concern you? 151 00:12:03,396 --> 00:12:06,146 But just then I was entirely consumed with what he must have said 152 00:12:06,423 --> 00:12:08,220 to Einstein to sour him on me. 153 00:12:08,396 --> 00:12:11,396 [Laughter] 154 00:12:12,126 --> 00:12:13,396 But later? 155 00:12:13,396 --> 00:12:15,396 Well, we all know what happened later. 156 00:12:15,694 --> 00:12:17,745 Doctor, your time in Europe, 157 00:12:17,816 --> 00:12:20,675 you seem to meet with a wide range of other countries' physicists. 158 00:12:20,886 --> 00:12:23,581 - Yes, that's right. - Any Russians? 159 00:12:25,149 --> 00:12:26,378 None that spring to mind. 160 00:12:26,535 --> 00:12:29,120 If you'll just allow me to continue with my statement... 161 00:12:29,245 --> 00:12:32,089 Mr. Robb, you'll have ample opportunity to cross-examine. 162 00:12:35,113 --> 00:12:39,941 After Gottingen, I moved on to Leiden in Holland, where I first met Isidor Rabi. 163 00:12:40,421 --> 00:12:41,508 [Excuse me.] 164 00:12:46,845 --> 00:12:49,214 - A Yank. - Lecturing on the new physics? 165 00:12:49,355 --> 00:12:51,768 This I have to hear. I'm an American myself. 166 00:12:52,377 --> 00:12:54,160 How surprising. 167 00:12:54,806 --> 00:12:57,175 Let me know if you need any help at the end. 168 00:13:04,151 --> 00:13:11,057 [Oppenheimer speaking in Dutch] 169 00:13:11,104 --> 00:13:13,080 [Oppenheimer speaking in Dutch] - Wait, what's he saying? 170 00:13:23,551 --> 00:13:26,200 - Oh, no, thank you. - It's a long way to Zurich. 171 00:13:26,645 --> 00:13:29,216 If we get any skin here, we're gonna lose you between the seat cushions. 172 00:13:29,997 --> 00:13:31,934 - I'm Rabi. - Oppenheimer. 173 00:13:32,216 --> 00:13:35,442 I caught your lecture on molecules. Caught some of it. 174 00:13:36,585 --> 00:13:38,973 We're a couple of New York Jews. How do you know Dutch? 175 00:13:39,208 --> 00:13:41,817 Well, I thought I'd better learn it when I got here this semester. 176 00:13:41,934 --> 00:13:45,180 You learn enough Dutch in six weeks to get a lecture on quantum mechanics? 177 00:13:45,239 --> 00:13:46,680 Well, it's a challenge to myself. [?] 178 00:13:46,809 --> 00:13:48,903 Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough. 179 00:13:49,020 --> 00:13:49,680 Schwitzer! 180 00:13:49,680 --> 00:13:50,680 Schwitze. 181 00:13:50,778 --> 00:13:51,606 Show off. 182 00:13:52,458 --> 00:13:54,333 Dutch in six weeks, but you never learned Yiddish. 183 00:13:54,566 --> 00:13:56,387 You don't speak it so much by the side of the park. 184 00:13:56,653 --> 00:13:57,680 Screw you. 185 00:13:59,106 --> 00:14:01,106 - You homesick? - Oh, you know it. 186 00:14:02,479 --> 00:14:05,479 Ever get the feeling our kind isn't entirely welcome here? 187 00:14:05,737 --> 00:14:06,872 Physicists? 188 00:14:07,105 --> 00:14:08,105 That's funny. 189 00:14:08,198 --> 00:14:09,520 Not in the department. 190 00:14:10,268 --> 00:14:11,785 They're all Jewish too. 191 00:14:13,956 --> 00:14:14,956 Eat. 192 00:14:17,643 --> 00:14:19,778 This German you have to seek out. 193 00:14:20,502 --> 00:14:21,731 - Heisenberg. - Right. 194 00:14:24,131 --> 00:14:31,521 [foreign language] 195 00:14:31,958 --> 00:14:35,572 One might belittle the presumption that, behind the quantum world, 196 00:14:35,990 --> 00:14:39,752 there still hides a real world, in which causality holds, but... 197 00:14:39,776 --> 00:14:43,833 such speculations seem to us, to say it explicitly, fruitless. 198 00:14:44,281 --> 00:14:46,281 Thank you. Have a great day. 199 00:14:51,119 --> 00:14:52,641 - [Exciting.] - Thank you. 200 00:14:52,946 --> 00:14:54,111 Dr. Oppenheimer. 201 00:14:54,202 --> 00:14:55,845 Oppenheimer, yes. 202 00:14:56,118 --> 00:14:57,868 I liked your paper on molecules. 203 00:14:58,024 --> 00:15:01,329 - Probably because you inspired it. - If I inspire anything else, let me know. 204 00:15:01,454 --> 00:15:03,882 - We could publish together. - I have to get back to America. 205 00:15:04,063 --> 00:15:05,048 Why? 206 00:15:05,142 --> 00:15:07,829 There's no one there taking quantum mechanics seriously. 207 00:15:07,882 --> 00:15:09,352 That's exactly why. 208 00:15:09,582 --> 00:15:12,182 He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan, 209 00:15:12,182 --> 00:15:14,110 canyons of New Mexico. 210 00:15:14,407 --> 00:15:17,118 - You're from New Mexico? - No, New York, but my brother and I 211 00:15:17,251 --> 00:15:18,884 have a ranch outside Santa Fe. 212 00:15:19,962 --> 00:15:23,102 - That's the America I miss right now. - Then it's best you get home. 213 00:15:23,282 --> 00:15:23,828 Cowboys! 214 00:15:24,335 --> 00:15:28,837 Ha-ha, that's him. No, me and horses... I don't think so. 215 00:15:30,211 --> 00:15:31,210 Nice to meet you. 216 00:15:33,265 --> 00:15:35,265 Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again? 217 00:15:35,454 --> 00:15:37,648 Not in person, no. But... 218 00:15:39,759 --> 00:15:41,774 You might say our paths crossed. 219 00:15:43,311 --> 00:15:48,311 On returning to America, I accepted positions at both Caltech and Dublin Berkeley. 220 00:16:08,556 --> 00:16:09,891 RADIATION LABORATORY 221 00:16:11,757 --> 00:16:13,757 Dr. Lawrence, I presume? 222 00:16:15,726 --> 00:16:17,696 - You must be Oppenheimer. - Yes. 223 00:16:18,157 --> 00:16:20,407 I hear you want to start a school of quantum theory. 224 00:16:20,488 --> 00:16:22,228 I am starting it, next door. 225 00:16:22,228 --> 00:16:23,428 They put you in there. 226 00:16:23,428 --> 00:16:24,428 I swore it. 227 00:16:24,428 --> 00:16:26,628 Wanted to be close to you experimentalists. 228 00:16:26,696 --> 00:16:28,528 Theory will get you only so far. 229 00:16:28,528 --> 00:16:30,708 We're building a machine to accelerate electrons. 230 00:16:30,708 --> 00:16:33,068 - Magnificent. - Would you like to help? 231 00:16:33,068 --> 00:16:35,727 Build it? Oh, no. Heh hah, no no. 232 00:16:35,916 --> 00:16:38,509 But I am working on theories I'd like to test with it. 233 00:16:38,702 --> 00:16:41,567 - When do you start teaching? - I've got my first in an hour. 234 00:16:41,774 --> 00:16:43,555 Seminar? Pupil. 235 00:16:43,948 --> 00:16:45,548 One student? 236 00:16:45,608 --> 00:16:46,930 That's it? 237 00:16:47,148 --> 00:16:49,422 I'm teaching something no one here has dreamt of. 238 00:16:49,632 --> 00:16:51,317 But once people start hearing what you can do with it- 239 00:16:51,380 --> 00:16:52,742 There's no goin' back. 240 00:16:55,312 --> 00:16:57,852 - Oh, I must have missed a... - Mr. Lomanitz? 241 00:16:57,944 --> 00:16:58,867 Nah- 242 00:17:00,664 --> 00:17:01,328 Yeah. 243 00:17:01,397 --> 00:17:04,397 Yes, this is him. Please, take a seat. 244 00:17:09,664 --> 00:17:11,664 What do you know about quantum mechanics? 245 00:17:12,273 --> 00:17:15,531 - I have a grasp on the basics. - Then you're doing it wrong. 246 00:17:16,359 --> 00:17:20,192 Is life made up of particles or waves? Quantum mechanics says it's both. 247 00:17:20,335 --> 00:17:21,289 How could it be both? 248 00:17:21,606 --> 00:17:22,710 - It can't. - It can't. 249 00:17:23,531 --> 00:17:25,921 But it is. It's paradoxical. 250 00:17:26,105 --> 00:17:28,105 And yet, it works. 251 00:17:35,100 --> 00:17:36,445 Ah. 252 00:17:38,726 --> 00:17:42,953 Thank you. Mr. Lomanitz, you're going to be okay. 253 00:17:43,273 --> 00:17:44,734 Mr. Snyder. 254 00:17:44,921 --> 00:17:46,570 Now let's consider a star. 255 00:17:47,007 --> 00:17:50,234 A star, a vast furnace burning in outer space. 256 00:17:50,234 --> 00:17:52,702 Fire pushing upwards against its own gravity. 257 00:17:52,859 --> 00:17:53,944 Balanced. 258 00:17:55,296 --> 00:18:00,234 And if that furnace cools, and gravity starts winning, it contracts. 259 00:18:00,234 --> 00:18:02,234 Density increases. 260 00:18:02,234 --> 00:18:03,234 Correct. 261 00:18:03,405 --> 00:18:04,421 Increasing gravity. 262 00:18:04,515 --> 00:18:06,351 - Increasing density. - And? 263 00:18:06,405 --> 00:18:09,523 It's a vicious cycle until... I mean, what's the limit here? 264 00:18:10,913 --> 00:18:11,991 I don't know. 265 00:18:12,171 --> 00:18:15,116 See where the math takes us. I guarantee it's somewhere no one's been before. 266 00:18:15,194 --> 00:18:16,257 Me? 267 00:18:16,964 --> 00:18:18,964 Yes, you. Your math is better than mine. 268 00:18:20,784 --> 00:18:25,202 Dr. Oppenheimer's file contained details of his activities in Berkeley. 269 00:18:25,284 --> 00:18:28,784 Why would they have started a file on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war? 270 00:18:29,674 --> 00:18:31,952 Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover. 271 00:18:32,096 --> 00:18:34,096 I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss! 272 00:18:34,431 --> 00:18:39,360 Uh, my assumption is that it was connected to his, uh... 273 00:18:40,197 --> 00:18:42,853 left-wing political activities. 274 00:18:44,048 --> 00:18:46,649 You shouldn't let them bring their politics in the classroom, Bobby. 275 00:18:47,563 --> 00:18:48,728 I wrote that. 276 00:18:48,955 --> 00:18:51,376 Lawrence, you embraced the revolution in physics. 277 00:18:51,548 --> 00:18:53,337 Can't you see it everywhere else? 278 00:18:53,626 --> 00:18:55,728 Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx. 279 00:18:55,798 --> 00:18:58,548 Well, this is America, I mean. We had our revolution. 280 00:18:59,680 --> 00:19:00,680 Seriously. 281 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:02,240 Keep it out of the lab. 282 00:19:02,560 --> 00:19:04,280 Well, out of the lab, 283 00:19:04,520 --> 00:19:07,040 my landlady is having a discussion room tonight. 284 00:19:07,454 --> 00:19:08,320 Interested? 285 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:10,337 I have sampled the Berkeley political scene. 286 00:19:10,446 --> 00:19:14,520 It's all just philosophy post-grads and communists talking integration. 287 00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:15,920 You don't care about integration? 288 00:19:16,200 --> 00:19:19,160 I want to vote for it, not talk about it. Especially on a Friday. 289 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:20,440 Come on, let's eat. 290 00:19:20,797 --> 00:19:22,037 I'm meeting my brother there. 291 00:19:22,800 --> 00:19:26,240 And how would these activities have come to the attention of the FBI? 292 00:19:26,608 --> 00:19:30,488 Well, if I remember correctly, the FBI was taking license plates 293 00:19:30,520 --> 00:19:34,080 outside suspected communist gatherings and his name popped up. 294 00:19:42,617 --> 00:19:43,617 Jesus Christ. 295 00:19:43,880 --> 00:19:44,880 - Sorry. - Frank. 296 00:19:47,021 --> 00:19:49,232 - Uh, you remember Jackie? - [Good evening.] 297 00:19:55,835 --> 00:19:56,670 Robert! 298 00:19:56,732 --> 00:19:59,050 I want you to meet Chevalier. 299 00:19:59,264 --> 00:20:02,350 Dr. Haakon Chevalier, Dr. Robert Oppenheimer. 300 00:20:02,428 --> 00:20:04,779 Pleasure, pleasure. This is my little brother, Frank. 301 00:20:05,050 --> 00:20:06,818 - And this is... - Still Jackie. 302 00:20:06,928 --> 00:20:08,193 Hello, Still Jackie. 303 00:20:08,311 --> 00:20:12,050 - Chevalier, you're in... - Languages, and your reputation precedes you. 304 00:20:12,050 --> 00:20:13,050 What have you heard? 305 00:20:13,050 --> 00:20:15,217 That you're teaching a radical new approach to physics. 306 00:20:15,326 --> 00:20:18,459 I have no chance of understanding, but I haven't heard you're a party member. 307 00:20:18,529 --> 00:20:20,115 - But I'm not. - Oh, not yet. 308 00:20:20,264 --> 00:20:22,272 Frank and I are thinking of joining, just the other day. 309 00:20:22,311 --> 00:20:24,050 I support a range of causes. 310 00:20:24,256 --> 00:20:25,319 Spanish Civil War? 311 00:20:25,412 --> 00:20:28,279 A democratic republic being overthrown by fascist thugs. 312 00:20:28,451 --> 00:20:29,717 - Who wouldn't? - Our government. 313 00:20:29,779 --> 00:20:32,303 They think that socialism is a bigger threat than fascism. 314 00:20:32,443 --> 00:20:34,850 Not for long. Look at what the Nazis would do to the Jews. 315 00:20:35,050 --> 00:20:38,949 I send funds to colleagues in Germany to emigrate. I have to do something. 316 00:20:39,847 --> 00:20:43,050 Ach, my own work is so... abstract. 317 00:20:43,230 --> 00:20:46,543 - What are you working on? - What happens to stars when they die? 318 00:20:46,722 --> 00:20:48,355 Do stars die? 319 00:20:49,073 --> 00:20:53,035 Well, if they do, they'd cool, then collapse. In fact, 320 00:20:53,128 --> 00:20:57,574 the bigger the star, the more violent its demise. 321 00:20:57,824 --> 00:21:01,636 Their gravity gets so concentrated, it swallows everything. 322 00:21:01,839 --> 00:21:04,519 - Everything, even life. - Can that really happen? 323 00:21:04,854 --> 00:21:07,311 The math says it can. If we can get published, 324 00:21:07,410 --> 00:21:09,504 then perhaps one day an astronomer finds one. 325 00:21:09,574 --> 00:21:13,160 But right now all I have is theory, which can't impact people's lives. 326 00:21:13,296 --> 00:21:16,976 Well, if you're going to send money to Spain, do it through the Communist Party. 327 00:21:17,074 --> 00:21:18,336 They can get it to the front lines. 328 00:21:18,336 --> 00:21:19,376 Mary [similar ???], please. 329 00:21:21,477 --> 00:21:22,277 I'm Jean. 330 00:21:23,300 --> 00:21:24,016 Robert. 331 00:21:24,168 --> 00:21:26,816 Haakon Chevalier. Union meeting at Serber's last month. 332 00:21:27,296 --> 00:21:29,616 Right, right, yes. Thank you. 333 00:21:30,464 --> 00:21:32,418 Robert here says he's not a communist. 334 00:21:32,519 --> 00:21:34,644 Well, then he doesn't know enough about it. 335 00:21:34,785 --> 00:21:38,277 Oh, I've read Das Kapital, all three volumes. Does that count? 336 00:21:38,425 --> 00:21:40,410 It would make you better read than most Party members. 337 00:21:40,652 --> 00:21:44,106 It's turgid stuff. There's some thinking, um, ownership is theft. 338 00:21:44,457 --> 00:21:46,254 - Property. - Property? 339 00:21:46,426 --> 00:21:47,699 Property, not ownership. 340 00:21:47,770 --> 00:21:49,691 I'm sorry, I read it in the original German. 341 00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:50,840 Oh. 342 00:21:53,473 --> 00:21:55,816 It's not about the book. It's about the ideas. 343 00:21:56,035 --> 00:21:57,816 And you sound uncommitted. 344 00:21:57,972 --> 00:22:00,972 I'm committed to thinking freely about how to improve our world. 345 00:22:01,934 --> 00:22:04,066 Why limit yourself to one dogma? 346 00:22:04,191 --> 00:22:06,543 You're a physicist. You pick and choose rules? 347 00:22:07,106 --> 00:22:10,652 Or do you use the discipline to channel your energies into progress? 348 00:22:11,221 --> 00:22:12,910 I like a little wiggle room. 349 00:22:13,995 --> 00:22:15,995 You always tow the party line. 350 00:22:17,573 --> 00:22:19,348 I like my wiggle room, too. 351 00:22:29,763 --> 00:22:30,880 What? 352 00:22:31,717 --> 00:22:32,842 Wait, wait, wait! 353 00:22:36,754 --> 00:22:38,943 - Unexpected. - What? 354 00:22:39,685 --> 00:22:40,584 For a physicist. 355 00:22:40,762 --> 00:22:42,974 You only have a shelf full of Freud? 356 00:22:43,263 --> 00:22:45,771 Well, actually, my background's more... 357 00:22:46,005 --> 00:22:47,240 Jungian? 358 00:22:48,818 --> 00:22:49,818 You know analysis. 359 00:22:50,216 --> 00:22:53,318 When I was a post-grad at Cambridge, I had a little trouble. 360 00:22:54,612 --> 00:22:55,612 I'll bite. 361 00:22:55,670 --> 00:22:58,232 - I tried to poison my tutor. - Did you hate him? 362 00:22:58,372 --> 00:23:01,381 - I liked him very much. - You just need to get your lay. 363 00:23:01,662 --> 00:23:05,178 Took my analyst two years, and I don't think they ever put it that succinctly. 364 00:23:05,295 --> 00:23:08,856 You thought everyone could boast you're more complicated than you actually are. 365 00:23:09,068 --> 00:23:12,240 - We're all simple souls, I guess. - [Not me.] 366 00:23:15,137 --> 00:23:16,137 What's this? 367 00:23:16,207 --> 00:23:17,207 Sanskrit. 368 00:23:17,496 --> 00:23:18,584 You can read this? 369 00:23:18,856 --> 00:23:19,856 I'm learning. 370 00:23:25,668 --> 00:23:26,865 Read this. 371 00:23:28,107 --> 00:23:31,762 Well, in this part, Vishnu [assumes his many-armed form]... 372 00:23:31,873 --> 00:23:32,943 No, no. 373 00:23:34,099 --> 00:23:35,693 Read the words. 374 00:23:39,363 --> 00:23:41,497 "And now I am become Death. 375 00:23:47,491 --> 00:23:49,491 Destroyer of worlds." 376 00:24:19,178 --> 00:24:20,178 This'll do. 377 00:24:26,685 --> 00:24:27,959 We'll break before dawn. 378 00:24:28,357 --> 00:24:29,818 The air cools overnight. 379 00:24:30,153 --> 00:24:32,029 Just before dawn, we'll break. 380 00:24:43,021 --> 00:24:45,274 So, I'm getting married. 381 00:24:45,403 --> 00:24:47,274 Frank, congratulations! 382 00:24:47,386 --> 00:24:49,067 Thanks, thank you, Jackie. 383 00:24:49,169 --> 00:24:50,481 Yeah, to Jackie. 384 00:24:51,528 --> 00:24:52,481 The waitress. 385 00:24:52,646 --> 00:24:56,067 Oppie, you're right. He's letting up. I'm gonna see if there's any stars. 386 00:24:56,403 --> 00:24:58,274 All your talk about the common man. 387 00:24:58,274 --> 00:25:00,274 Jackie's not good enough for you. 388 00:25:01,263 --> 00:25:03,274 We joined the party and you can't hide your discipline now. 389 00:25:03,274 --> 00:25:04,274 Why? 390 00:25:04,274 --> 00:25:05,274 Is that because that's supposed to be your thing? 391 00:25:05,274 --> 00:25:07,274 I haven't joined the party, Frank. 392 00:25:07,274 --> 00:25:09,274 And I don't think she should have convinced you to either. 393 00:25:09,789 --> 00:25:12,789 - Half of the faculty is gonna be... - Not that half. 394 00:25:13,696 --> 00:25:16,696 I'm your brother Frank, and I want you to be cautious. 395 00:25:16,696 --> 00:25:18,696 And I wanna wring your neck! 396 00:25:20,289 --> 00:25:24,289 I won't live my life afraid to make a mistake. 397 00:25:24,696 --> 00:25:28,696 You're happy. I'm happy. 398 00:25:28,696 --> 00:25:31,696 So then I'm happy you're happy that I'm happy. 399 00:25:35,696 --> 00:25:38,696 I feel like I can see one of those dark stars that you're working on. 400 00:25:38,696 --> 00:25:40,696 You can't. 401 00:25:40,896 --> 00:25:41,896 It's the whole point. 402 00:25:42,396 --> 00:25:43,896 Gravity swallows light. 403 00:25:45,396 --> 00:25:47,396 It's like a kind of hole in space. 404 00:25:48,396 --> 00:25:49,396 Is Frank okay? 405 00:25:49,896 --> 00:25:50,396 Yes. 406 00:25:50,396 --> 00:25:51,896 He just has a shitty brother. 407 00:25:53,396 --> 00:25:54,396 It is special here. 408 00:25:56,896 --> 00:25:57,896 When I was a kid, 409 00:25:59,396 --> 00:26:00,896 I thought if I could find a way 410 00:26:02,396 --> 00:26:03,896 to combine physics 411 00:26:05,012 --> 00:26:06,012 and New Mexico, 412 00:26:06,896 --> 00:26:08,123 my life would be perfect. 413 00:26:10,586 --> 00:26:12,586 A little remote for that, yes. 414 00:26:13,016 --> 00:26:15,016 Let's get some sleep. 415 00:26:15,633 --> 00:26:19,633 That mesa we saw today, one of my favorite places in the world. 416 00:26:20,016 --> 00:26:23,016 Tomorrow we'll climb it. What's it called? 417 00:26:24,016 --> 00:26:26,016 Los Alamos. 418 00:26:29,016 --> 00:26:31,016 I didn't expect to see you today. 419 00:26:32,016 --> 00:26:34,016 I have to make an appointment. 420 00:26:35,016 --> 00:26:37,016 Hey, wait. 421 00:26:37,016 --> 00:26:39,016 Alvarez? 422 00:26:44,733 --> 00:26:47,000 Oppie! Oppie! 423 00:26:47,562 --> 00:26:49,110 What? What is it? 424 00:26:49,602 --> 00:26:50,664 They've done it. 425 00:26:50,689 --> 00:26:52,689 They've done it. Hahn and Strassmann from Germany. 426 00:26:52,714 --> 00:26:54,714 They split the uranium nucleus. 427 00:26:55,586 --> 00:26:56,714 How? 428 00:26:58,266 --> 00:27:01,250 - Bombarding the neutrons. - It's a nuclear fission. 429 00:27:01,446 --> 00:27:04,714 - They did it. They split the atom. - It's not possible... 430 00:27:09,402 --> 00:27:11,402 I'm gonna try to reproduce it. 431 00:27:18,328 --> 00:27:20,626 See? Can't be done. 432 00:27:21,281 --> 00:27:22,626 Very elegant. 433 00:27:22,626 --> 00:27:24,626 Quite clear. 434 00:27:24,626 --> 00:27:25,626 There's just one problem. 435 00:27:25,626 --> 00:27:26,626 Where? 436 00:27:27,644 --> 00:27:29,055 Next door. 437 00:27:29,176 --> 00:27:30,626 Alvarez did it. 438 00:27:31,377 --> 00:27:32,601 Look! 439 00:27:33,426 --> 00:27:35,626 These fission pulses, they're massive. 440 00:27:36,394 --> 00:27:39,626 I've seen 30 of these in the past 10 minutes. 441 00:27:40,394 --> 00:27:42,949 Theory will take you only so far. 442 00:27:44,204 --> 00:27:45,887 During the process, 443 00:27:46,722 --> 00:27:51,092 Extra neutrons boil off, which could be used to split other uranium atoms. 444 00:27:51,269 --> 00:27:54,092 Chain reaction. You're thinking what I'm thinking? 445 00:27:54,254 --> 00:27:58,222 [You, me,] every other physicist around the world has seen it used. 446 00:27:58,972 --> 00:28:01,254 I'm just... What? What are we all thinking? 447 00:28:01,793 --> 00:28:05,011 A bomb, Alvarez. 448 00:28:05,558 --> 00:28:06,996 A bomb. 449 00:28:07,857 --> 00:28:10,738 I told you, Robert, no more fucking flowers. 450 00:28:12,092 --> 00:28:15,691 - I don't understand what you want from me. - I don't want anything from you. 451 00:28:16,736 --> 00:28:18,336 You say that and then you call. 452 00:28:18,336 --> 00:28:20,543 Well, don't answer. 453 00:28:21,336 --> 00:28:22,236 I'll always answer. 454 00:28:27,936 --> 00:28:29,416 Fine. 455 00:28:29,416 --> 00:28:31,949 Just no more flowers. 456 00:28:32,488 --> 00:28:34,550 You're not coming? 457 00:28:35,696 --> 00:28:38,496 You have to know when you're beaten, Robert. 458 00:28:40,312 --> 00:28:42,312 It's not that simple, Hoke. 459 00:28:42,312 --> 00:28:44,312 Chevalier, good to see you. 460 00:28:44,312 --> 00:28:45,312 Good job, Barbara, good to see you. 461 00:28:45,312 --> 00:28:47,312 And illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer. 462 00:28:47,312 --> 00:28:49,312 I'm Eltenton. Come. 463 00:28:49,312 --> 00:28:50,312 Please, please. 464 00:28:50,312 --> 00:28:53,312 Let me have a say a word about organized labor on campuses. 465 00:28:53,312 --> 00:28:54,312 Yes? 466 00:28:54,312 --> 00:28:56,312 Coming through, coming through. 467 00:28:56,312 --> 00:28:57,312 I work at Shell. 468 00:28:57,312 --> 00:28:59,312 We signed up chemists, we signed up engineers. 469 00:28:59,312 --> 00:29:01,312 So why not scientists and academia? 470 00:29:01,359 --> 00:29:03,882 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 471 00:29:14,768 --> 00:29:18,268 Teachers are unionized. Why not professors? 472 00:29:18,268 --> 00:29:19,768 Don't you have somewhere to be? 473 00:29:19,768 --> 00:29:22,268 Lawrence, academics have rights, too. 474 00:29:22,268 --> 00:29:24,268 Look, it's not that. I've got a group coming. 475 00:29:24,268 --> 00:29:27,268 - Oh. I'll sit in. - Not this one. 476 00:29:33,268 --> 00:29:37,268 Richard, Dr. Bush. What brings you two up north? 477 00:29:46,296 --> 00:29:50,296 Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be down in Pasadena Thursday. 478 00:29:58,394 --> 00:30:01,015 Paper of Black Holes, it's in! 479 00:30:01,093 --> 00:30:06,394 Where's Hartland? Get Hartland. Get Hartland. 480 00:30:06,394 --> 00:30:08,394 September 1st, 1939. 481 00:30:08,394 --> 00:30:10,394 The world's gonna remember this day. 482 00:30:10,394 --> 00:30:14,394 Oh, Hartland, our paper. It's in print. 483 00:30:14,394 --> 00:30:16,394 You've been upstaged. 484 00:30:19,155 --> 00:30:24,135 During the Battle of Britain, I found myself increasingly out of sympathy with the 485 00:30:24,390 --> 00:30:27,928 policy of neutrality that communists advocated. 486 00:30:27,928 --> 00:30:30,222 But after Hitler invaded Russia and we became allies, 487 00:30:30,732 --> 00:30:32,903 these communist sympathies, do they return? 488 00:30:33,272 --> 00:30:34,318 No. 489 00:30:35,185 --> 00:30:38,415 I need to make clear that my changing views 490 00:30:38,553 --> 00:30:41,928 on Russia did not mean a short break from those who held different views. 491 00:30:42,599 --> 00:30:44,830 For a year or two, during a previous marriage, 492 00:30:44,854 --> 00:30:47,928 my wife, Kitty, had been a Communist Party member. 493 00:30:52,794 --> 00:30:54,294 This is where I keep the good stuff. 494 00:30:54,294 --> 00:30:55,794 I thought this was Mr. Toleman's house. 495 00:30:55,794 --> 00:30:57,794 I live with them when I'm at Caltech. 496 00:30:57,794 --> 00:30:59,294 Do you two need anything? 497 00:30:59,294 --> 00:31:01,794 Welcome, Lucy. 498 00:31:01,794 --> 00:31:04,794 So, you're a biologist. 499 00:31:04,794 --> 00:31:08,294 Well, somehow I have graduated to housewife. 500 00:31:08,294 --> 00:31:10,794 Can you explain quantum mechanics to me? 501 00:31:10,794 --> 00:31:12,294 Seems baffling. 502 00:31:12,294 --> 00:31:14,794 Yes, it is. 503 00:31:14,794 --> 00:31:17,294 Well, this glass. 504 00:31:17,294 --> 00:31:19,294 This drink. 505 00:31:19,294 --> 00:31:21,294 This countertop. 506 00:31:21,434 --> 00:31:22,348 Our bodies... 507 00:31:24,567 --> 00:31:25,762 All of it. 508 00:31:27,028 --> 00:31:28,512 It's mostly empty space. 509 00:31:28,872 --> 00:31:32,083 Groupings of tiny energy waves bound together. 510 00:31:32,159 --> 00:31:33,159 By what? 511 00:31:33,231 --> 00:31:36,441 Forces of attraction strong enough to convince us 512 00:31:37,036 --> 00:31:39,254 that matter is solid. 513 00:31:39,355 --> 00:31:42,355 It's not my body passing through yours. 514 00:31:53,640 --> 00:31:55,640 You're married to Dr. Harrison. 515 00:31:55,876 --> 00:31:57,876 I'm not married. 516 00:31:58,954 --> 00:32:01,954 There is someone that I feel... 517 00:32:01,954 --> 00:32:03,954 She feels that way. 518 00:32:03,954 --> 00:32:05,954 Sometimes. 519 00:32:05,954 --> 00:32:07,954 Not enough. 520 00:32:08,628 --> 00:32:10,954 You know, I'm going to New Mexico. 521 00:32:10,954 --> 00:32:13,308 To my ranch with friends. 522 00:32:13,441 --> 00:32:14,954 You should come. 523 00:32:14,954 --> 00:32:16,954 I meant with your husband. 524 00:32:16,954 --> 00:32:18,954 Yes, you did. 525 00:32:18,954 --> 00:32:20,954 Because you know it won't make a bit of difference. 526 00:32:25,737 --> 00:32:27,198 Why did you marry him? 527 00:32:27,362 --> 00:32:30,600 I was lost and he was kind. 528 00:32:32,331 --> 00:32:33,600 Lost? 529 00:32:33,600 --> 00:32:36,511 Well, my previous husband had died... 530 00:32:37,324 --> 00:32:39,808 at 28, and I wasn't really ready to be a widow. 531 00:32:39,936 --> 00:32:40,936 Who's your first husband? 532 00:32:40,936 --> 00:32:41,936 Nobody. 533 00:32:41,936 --> 00:32:43,936 My second husband was Joe Dallet. 534 00:32:43,936 --> 00:32:46,885 He was, um, from money like me, but 535 00:32:46,909 --> 00:32:49,936 he was a union organizer in Youngstown, Ohio. 536 00:32:49,936 --> 00:32:51,193 Felt hard. 537 00:32:51,747 --> 00:32:52,747 How hard? 538 00:32:52,873 --> 00:32:55,338 Hard enough to spend the next four years living off beans and pancakes, 539 00:32:55,362 --> 00:32:57,936 handing out the Daily Worker at factory gates. 540 00:32:58,904 --> 00:33:00,904 By 36, I just told Joe I couldn't take it anymore. 541 00:33:00,936 --> 00:33:01,936 I quit the party. 542 00:33:01,936 --> 00:33:03,936 A year later, I wanted him back. 543 00:33:03,936 --> 00:33:05,840 Him, not the Daily Worker. 544 00:33:06,081 --> 00:33:08,443 He says "Well, I'll meet you on my way to Spain." 545 00:33:08,506 --> 00:33:09,840 Went to fight for the Loyalists? 546 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:11,840 And then he went to the Brigades and I waited. 547 00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:13,840 And? 548 00:33:14,420 --> 00:33:17,840 Joe got himself killed first time he popped his head out of the trench. 549 00:33:17,840 --> 00:33:20,840 Ideology got Joe killed. For nothing. 550 00:33:20,840 --> 00:33:22,840 The Spanish Republic is a nothing. 551 00:33:22,840 --> 00:33:25,039 My husband offered both our futures to stop 552 00:33:25,063 --> 00:33:27,840 one fascist bullet from embedding itself in a mud bank. 553 00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:30,840 That's the definition of nothing. 554 00:33:31,253 --> 00:33:32,253 Seems a little reductive. 555 00:33:32,316 --> 00:33:34,316 Pragmatic. 556 00:33:35,172 --> 00:33:36,941 Now here I am. 557 00:33:39,047 --> 00:33:40,394 [In the middle of nowhere.] 558 00:33:47,368 --> 00:33:50,368 I didn't want you to hear it from anyone else. 559 00:33:53,020 --> 00:33:55,146 At least you didn't bring me flowers. 560 00:34:02,122 --> 00:34:05,122 We both know I'm not what you want, Jean. 561 00:34:05,122 --> 00:34:08,122 Yeah, but it's a door closing. 562 00:34:08,122 --> 00:34:10,122 No. 563 00:34:11,122 --> 00:34:14,122 Not as far as I'm concerned, no. 564 00:34:14,122 --> 00:34:17,122 You knocked her up. Fast work. 565 00:34:17,223 --> 00:34:19,223 Can't keep a good man down. 566 00:34:19,856 --> 00:34:21,856 I meant her. 567 00:34:22,022 --> 00:34:24,849 She knew what she wanted. What about the husband? 568 00:34:24,984 --> 00:34:28,045 We talked. They're getting a divorce. 569 00:34:28,177 --> 00:34:31,984 So we can get married before she starts showing. 570 00:34:32,108 --> 00:34:34,108 How civilized. 571 00:34:35,523 --> 00:34:38,523 You idiot. This is your community. 572 00:34:38,984 --> 00:34:41,984 You think the rules don't apply to the golden boy? 573 00:34:41,984 --> 00:34:43,984 Brilliance makes up for a lot. 574 00:34:44,739 --> 00:34:48,692 Don't alienate the only people in the world that understand what you do. 575 00:34:50,035 --> 00:34:52,658 One day you may need them. 576 00:34:54,124 --> 00:34:59,105 Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists, Technicians. 577 00:35:04,762 --> 00:35:05,762 Lomanitz? 578 00:35:05,762 --> 00:35:08,466 - What do you get paid a month? - That's not the point, Lawrence. 579 00:35:08,505 --> 00:35:12,762 What do any of you have in common with farm laborers and dock workers? 580 00:35:13,231 --> 00:35:14,231 Plenty. 581 00:35:15,715 --> 00:35:16,715 Everybody out. 582 00:35:16,934 --> 00:35:17,934 Now! 583 00:35:22,187 --> 00:35:23,716 Not you. 584 00:35:29,223 --> 00:35:30,385 What are you doing? 585 00:35:31,247 --> 00:35:32,410 It's a trade union. 586 00:35:32,661 --> 00:35:34,410 Filled with communists. 587 00:35:34,410 --> 00:35:35,973 So? I never joined the party. 588 00:35:35,998 --> 00:35:38,410 They won't let me bring you onto the project because of this shit. 589 00:35:39,286 --> 00:35:41,239 They won't even let me tell you what the project is. 590 00:35:41,294 --> 00:35:44,410 - Oh, I know what the project is. - Oh, really? 591 00:35:44,410 --> 00:35:47,325 We've all heard about Einstein and Siller's letter to Roosevelt 592 00:35:47,364 --> 00:35:48,848 warning him that Germans could make a bomb, 593 00:35:48,903 --> 00:35:51,872 and I know what it means for the Nazis to have a bomb. 594 00:35:52,153 --> 00:35:53,325 And I don't? 595 00:35:53,419 --> 00:35:57,419 It's not your people they're herding into camps. It's mine. 596 00:35:57,968 --> 00:36:00,968 You think that I tell them about your politics? 597 00:36:02,708 --> 00:36:04,497 The next time you're coming home from a meeting, 598 00:36:04,622 --> 00:36:06,708 why don't you take a look in the rearview mirror? 599 00:36:06,911 --> 00:36:11,606 Listen to the sounds on your phone line and stop being so goddamn naive. 600 00:36:12,903 --> 00:36:14,489 Why would they care what I do? 601 00:36:14,546 --> 00:36:18,546 Because you're not just self-important, you're actually important. 602 00:36:21,538 --> 00:36:22,538 Okay. 603 00:36:23,828 --> 00:36:24,828 I get it. 604 00:36:25,097 --> 00:36:27,714 If you could just be a little more pragmatic... 605 00:36:28,012 --> 00:36:31,715 I'll talk to Lomanitz, I'll talk to the others. You don't have to worry. It's done. 606 00:36:31,984 --> 00:36:32,984 Lawrence. 607 00:36:37,921 --> 00:36:38,921 Then welcome to the war. 608 00:36:39,911 --> 00:36:44,674 I filled out my first security questionnaire, and was informed that my involvement with 609 00:36:44,674 --> 00:36:49,294 with the left-wing groups would not prove a bar to my working on the atomic program. 610 00:36:49,364 --> 00:36:54,934 Why were his Communist associations not seen as a security risk during the war? 611 00:36:55,028 --> 00:36:58,743 Senator, I can't possibly answer for a security clearance granted years 612 00:36:58,775 --> 00:37:01,714 - before I ever met the man. - Fine. What about after? 613 00:37:02,031 --> 00:37:07,359 After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer was the most respected scientific voice in the world. 614 00:37:07,640 --> 00:37:09,904 That's why I asked him to run the Institute. 615 00:37:09,904 --> 00:37:12,704 That's why he advised the Atomic Energy Commission. 616 00:37:13,000 --> 00:37:15,904 - So who's that? - Really accusing me of... 617 00:37:16,430 --> 00:37:20,058 I think they just want to know what happened between 1947 and 1954 618 00:37:20,144 --> 00:37:22,292 to change your mind on Oppenheimer's security clearance. 619 00:37:22,601 --> 00:37:26,496 I didn't. I was chair of the AEC, but it wasn't me 620 00:37:26,929 --> 00:37:29,688 that brought the charges against Robert. - Who did? 621 00:37:29,688 --> 00:37:32,191 Some former staff member of the Joint Congressional Committee. 622 00:37:32,215 --> 00:37:34,688 He was a rabid anti-communist named Bordon. 623 00:37:34,913 --> 00:37:37,688 He wrote to the FBI demanding they take action. 624 00:37:37,811 --> 00:37:42,688 - The FBI? Why not go to the AEC, Director? - And get caught holding the knife yourself. 625 00:37:42,861 --> 00:37:44,408 What did Borden have against Oppenheimer? 626 00:37:44,482 --> 00:37:46,088 This is the McCarthy era. 627 00:37:47,065 --> 00:37:50,377 People hounded out of jobs for any hint of red. 628 00:37:51,629 --> 00:37:54,683 Reading Oppenheimer's security file of his communist brother, 629 00:37:54,849 --> 00:37:57,654 sister-in-law, fiancee, best friend, wife. 630 00:37:57,951 --> 00:38:00,083 It's before we even get to the Chevaliers. 631 00:38:00,235 --> 00:38:02,794 But how would Borden have access to Oppenheimer's security file? 632 00:38:03,393 --> 00:38:05,108 Because somebody gave it to him. 633 00:38:06,371 --> 00:38:08,529 Somebody who wanted Robert silenced. 634 00:38:08,670 --> 00:38:10,695 - Who? - Who knows? 635 00:38:10,803 --> 00:38:15,152 Robert didn't take care not to upset the power brokers in Washington. 636 00:38:15,624 --> 00:38:18,344 His opinions on the atom became definitive, 637 00:38:18,344 --> 00:38:21,187 and he wasn't always patient with us mere mortals. 638 00:38:24,469 --> 00:38:27,544 I came in for plenty of harsh treatment. There was a... 639 00:38:28,301 --> 00:38:32,306 AEC vote on the export of isotopes to Norway, 640 00:38:32,330 --> 00:38:35,080 and they drafted up [?] Robert to make me look like a fool. 641 00:38:35,189 --> 00:38:39,783 But Dr. Oppenheimer, we've already heard from Admiral Strauss that these isotopes 642 00:38:40,091 --> 00:38:42,771 could be useful to our enemies in the production of atomic weapons. 643 00:38:42,903 --> 00:38:47,070 Congressman, you could use a shovel in making atomic weapons. In fact you do. 644 00:38:47,094 --> 00:38:51,032 You could use a bottle of beer in making atomic weapons. In fact you do. 645 00:38:51,105 --> 00:38:54,808 I say isotopes are less useful than electronic components, 646 00:38:54,909 --> 00:38:57,347 but more useful than a sandwich! 647 00:39:00,502 --> 00:39:02,570 Genius is no guarantee of wisdom. 648 00:39:03,157 --> 00:39:06,157 How could this man who saw so much be so blind? 649 00:39:15,176 --> 00:39:17,176 Kitty? 650 00:39:21,175 --> 00:39:22,458 Kitty? 651 00:39:23,269 --> 00:39:24,458 Kitty? 652 00:39:24,987 --> 00:39:26,458 The project. 653 00:39:26,458 --> 00:39:28,458 I'm in. 654 00:39:28,458 --> 00:39:30,458 I'm in. 655 00:39:30,458 --> 00:39:32,458 Let's celebrate. 656 00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:39,200 Shouldn't you go with him? 657 00:39:43,437 --> 00:39:47,437 I have been calling to him all fucking day. 658 00:40:11,674 --> 00:40:15,674 I don't know how to say this. I'm ashamed to ask. 659 00:40:15,889 --> 00:40:17,625 Anything. 660 00:40:17,650 --> 00:40:20,766 - Take Peter. - Sure. 661 00:40:20,907 --> 00:40:23,969 For a while, Hoke. A while. 662 00:40:26,110 --> 00:40:29,508 Does Kitty know you're here? Yes, of course she knows. 663 00:40:30,344 --> 00:40:33,674 Of course she knows. We're awful people. 664 00:40:33,805 --> 00:40:35,532 Selfish, awful people. 665 00:40:37,266 --> 00:40:38,368 Can I ask? 666 00:40:38,413 --> 00:40:40,391 Selfish, awful people. 667 00:40:40,451 --> 00:40:42,451 They don't know they're selfish and awful. 668 00:40:43,413 --> 00:40:45,413 Sit, sit, sit. 669 00:40:46,312 --> 00:40:50,312 Robert, you see beyond the world we live in. 670 00:40:51,491 --> 00:40:53,896 There is a price to be paid for that. 671 00:40:54,194 --> 00:40:56,194 Of course, we'll help you. 672 00:41:06,234 --> 00:41:08,686 Everything's changing, Rucker [?] and I. 673 00:41:09,069 --> 00:41:10,967 Having a child was always going to... 674 00:41:11,053 --> 00:41:14,234 The world is pivoting in some new direction. 675 00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:17,000 Reforming. 676 00:41:18,741 --> 00:41:20,741 This is your moment. 677 00:41:21,905 --> 00:41:24,999 - We're putting together a crew to study... - We shouldn't be doing anything. 678 00:41:25,155 --> 00:41:26,647 You should. 679 00:41:26,849 --> 00:41:31,225 Lawrence won't get this done. Or Tolman, or Rabi. You will. 680 00:41:40,139 --> 00:41:41,913 Who are the uniforms? 681 00:41:42,528 --> 00:41:44,528 I thought you might know. 682 00:41:45,514 --> 00:41:47,749 Dr. Oppenheimer. 683 00:41:48,795 --> 00:41:52,085 I'm Colonel Groves. This is Lieutenant Colonel Nichols. 684 00:41:52,232 --> 00:41:54,232 Have that dry-cleaned. 685 00:41:58,256 --> 00:42:00,514 Well, if that's how you treat... 686 00:42:00,741 --> 00:42:05,006 a Lieutenant Colonel, I'd hate to see how you treat a humble physicist. 687 00:42:05,100 --> 00:42:06,514 If I ever meet one, I'll let you know. 688 00:42:07,285 --> 00:42:08,382 Ouch. 689 00:42:08,468 --> 00:42:11,782 Fears of combat all over the world, but I have to stay in Washington. 690 00:42:12,384 --> 00:42:13,353 Why? 691 00:42:13,463 --> 00:42:15,838 I built the Pentagon. The brass likes it so much, 692 00:42:15,892 --> 00:42:19,072 they made me take over the Manhattan Engineer District. 693 00:42:19,640 --> 00:42:20,907 Which is? 694 00:42:21,454 --> 00:42:23,739 Be a smartass. You know damn well what it is. 695 00:42:23,780 --> 00:42:25,627 You and half of every physics department 696 00:42:25,651 --> 00:42:27,916 across the country, that's problem number one. 697 00:42:28,241 --> 00:42:31,217 I thought problem number one would be securing enough uranium ore. 698 00:42:31,498 --> 00:42:33,998 1,200 tons. Bought the day I took charge. 699 00:42:34,023 --> 00:42:34,989 Processing? 700 00:42:35,030 --> 00:42:37,967 Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 701 00:42:38,016 --> 00:42:40,016 Now I'm looking for a project director. 702 00:42:40,498 --> 00:42:42,016 And my name came up. 703 00:42:42,364 --> 00:42:43,482 Nope. 704 00:42:44,119 --> 00:42:47,734 Even though you brought quantum physics to America, which made me curious. 705 00:42:48,144 --> 00:42:50,078 What have you found out? 706 00:42:50,515 --> 00:42:54,203 You're a dilettante, a womanizer, a suspected communist. 707 00:42:54,312 --> 00:42:55,812 I'm a New Deal Democrat. 708 00:42:55,842 --> 00:42:57,155 I said "suspected." 709 00:42:57,357 --> 00:43:01,445 Unstable, theatrical, egotistical, neurotic. 710 00:43:01,578 --> 00:43:04,289 Nothing good, no. Not even "he's brilliant," but... 711 00:43:04,500 --> 00:43:07,144 Well, brilliance is taken for granted in your circle, so no. 712 00:43:07,695 --> 00:43:10,937 The only person who had anything good to say was Richard Tolman. 713 00:43:11,343 --> 00:43:14,070 Tolman thinks you have integrity, but... 714 00:43:14,176 --> 00:43:17,999 He also strikes me as a guy who knows more about science than people. 715 00:43:18,176 --> 00:43:21,876 Yet here you are. You don't take much on trust. 716 00:43:21,876 --> 00:43:23,876 I don't take anything on trust. 717 00:43:27,276 --> 00:43:29,976 - Why don't you have a Nobel Prize? - Why aren't you a general? 718 00:43:29,976 --> 00:43:32,576 - They're making me one for this. - Perhaps I'll have the same luck. 719 00:43:32,576 --> 00:43:34,076 A Nobel Prize for making a bomb? 720 00:43:34,076 --> 00:43:36,076 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. 721 00:43:38,876 --> 00:43:40,876 So how would you proceed? 722 00:43:41,999 --> 00:43:46,199 You're talking about turning theory into a practical weapon system 723 00:43:46,686 --> 00:43:49,864 faster than the Nazis. - We'll have a 12-month head start. 724 00:43:49,864 --> 00:43:51,864 - 18. - How could you possibly know that? 725 00:43:51,999 --> 00:43:54,319 Our fast neutron research took six months. 726 00:43:54,374 --> 00:43:57,164 The man they've undoubtedly put in charge would have made that leap instantly. 727 00:43:57,164 --> 00:43:59,464 - Who do you think they put in charge? - Ferdinand Heisenberg. 728 00:43:59,528 --> 00:44:03,639 He has the most intuitive understanding of atomic structure I have ever seen. 729 00:44:03,664 --> 00:44:06,538 - You know his work? - I know him, just like I know Walter. 730 00:44:06,616 --> 00:44:09,741 Both of them, von Weizsacker, Diebner. In a straight race, the Germans win. 731 00:44:10,048 --> 00:44:11,048 We've got one hope. 732 00:44:11,147 --> 00:44:12,569 Which is? 733 00:44:13,217 --> 00:44:14,967 Anti-Semitism. 734 00:44:16,037 --> 00:44:16,888 What? 735 00:44:16,958 --> 00:44:21,302 Hitler called quantum physics "Jewish science," right to Einstein's face. 736 00:44:21,403 --> 00:44:24,665 Our one hope is that Hitler is so blinded by hate, 737 00:44:24,794 --> 00:44:28,411 that he's denied Heisenberg proper resources, because it'll take vast resources. 738 00:44:28,505 --> 00:44:31,280 Our nation's best scientists working together. Right now they're scattered. 739 00:44:31,369 --> 00:44:33,104 Which gives us compartmentalization. 740 00:44:33,232 --> 00:44:36,377 All minds have to see the whole task to contribute efficiently. 741 00:44:36,487 --> 00:44:40,131 Poor security may cost us the race. Inefficiency will. 742 00:44:40,545 --> 00:44:43,865 - The Germans know more than us anyway. - The Russians don't. 743 00:44:45,061 --> 00:44:48,320 Remind me, who were we at war with? 744 00:44:48,545 --> 00:44:51,898 Somebody with your past doesn't want to be seen downplaying the 745 00:44:51,960 --> 00:44:55,116 importance of security from our communist allies. 746 00:44:55,491 --> 00:44:58,116 Point taken, but no. 747 00:44:58,218 --> 00:44:59,663 You don't get to say no to me. 748 00:44:59,734 --> 00:45:02,101 My job is to say no to you, and you're wrong. 749 00:45:02,437 --> 00:45:06,320 - So you have the job now? - Well, I'm considering it. 750 00:45:08,687 --> 00:45:11,294 I'm starting to see where you got your reputation. 751 00:45:12,343 --> 00:45:16,802 My favorite response: Oppenheimer couldn't run a hamburger stand. 752 00:45:18,481 --> 00:45:20,481 I couldn't. 753 00:45:21,546 --> 00:45:24,145 But I can run the Manhattan Project. [(And the 1xBet slots, apparently.)] 754 00:45:24,318 --> 00:45:26,472 BWOO-WOMP 755 00:45:28,495 --> 00:45:30,650 BWOO-WOMP 756 00:45:31,439 --> 00:45:34,141 JUST PICK ONE IDIOT 757 00:45:34,353 --> 00:45:35,478 OH WAIT 758 00:45:35,544 --> 00:45:37,727 DID YOU KNOW THAT YOU'RE RICH?! 759 00:45:37,790 --> 00:45:39,400 HOLY FUCK I LOVE PAYING TAXES 760 00:45:40,391 --> 00:45:42,688 SO DEEP SO META YOU'RE WATCHING OPPENHEIMER BUT IT'S 1XBET ALL THE WAY DOWN 761 00:45:42,782 --> 00:45:44,278 COOL TWIST LIKE THAT BEN AFFLECK MOVIE HYPNOSIS 762 00:45:45,241 --> 00:45:47,241 There's a way to balance those things. 763 00:45:47,872 --> 00:45:50,926 Keep the rad lab here at Berkeley, under Lawrence. 764 00:45:51,075 --> 00:45:53,332 Met lab in Chicago, under Szilard. 765 00:45:53,411 --> 00:45:55,577 The large-scale refinery, where did you say, Tennessee? 766 00:45:55,602 --> 00:45:57,602 - And Hanford. - And Hanford. 767 00:45:57,602 --> 00:46:01,059 All America's industrial, mining, scientific innovation, 768 00:46:01,239 --> 00:46:06,082 connected by rail, focused on one goal, one point in space and time. 769 00:46:06,340 --> 00:46:09,879 And it comes together here, in a secret laboratory. In the middle of nowhere, 770 00:46:10,043 --> 00:46:12,791 secure, self-sufficient. Equipment, housing, the works. 771 00:46:12,915 --> 00:46:17,041 Keep everyone there until it's done. They'll need a school, stores, a church. 772 00:46:17,120 --> 00:46:17,971 Why? 773 00:46:18,088 --> 00:46:21,010 If we don't let scientists bring their families, we'll never get the best. 774 00:46:21,174 --> 00:46:23,807 You want security built in town? Build it fast. 775 00:46:23,922 --> 00:46:24,922 Where? 776 00:46:28,846 --> 00:46:30,602 Welcome to Los Alamos. 777 00:46:30,838 --> 00:46:33,173 Look, there's a boys' school we'll have to commandeer, 778 00:46:33,252 --> 00:46:35,502 and the local Indians could not bear for buried rights, but... 779 00:46:35,682 --> 00:46:38,602 But from that, nothing. Forty miles, any direction. 780 00:46:38,602 --> 00:46:40,602 We'll have to find the perfect spot. 781 00:46:40,602 --> 00:46:42,602 - For? - Success. 782 00:46:47,838 --> 00:46:50,885 Build the town. Fast. 783 00:46:51,864 --> 00:46:53,864 Let's go recruit some scientists. 784 00:46:54,090 --> 00:46:55,572 Why would I leave my family? 785 00:46:55,751 --> 00:46:57,393 I told you, you could bring your family. 786 00:46:57,557 --> 00:46:59,807 I'm not a soldier, are we? A soldier? 787 00:47:00,074 --> 00:47:02,682 There's the general, I've got all the soldier I need. 788 00:47:03,190 --> 00:47:04,424 What can I tell them? 789 00:47:04,713 --> 00:47:08,424 Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe and Bohr. What do these men have in common? 790 00:47:08,496 --> 00:47:11,277 - The greatest minds on atomic theory. - Yes, and? 791 00:47:12,097 --> 00:47:16,715 As much as you like. Until you feel my boot on your balls. 792 00:47:17,462 --> 00:47:20,604 You know isotopes, and you know explosives better than anyone in the world. 793 00:47:21,191 --> 00:47:23,191 But you can't tell us what you're doing. 794 00:47:26,426 --> 00:47:29,926 I don't know how Nazis have them. The newsboys in Copenhagen... 795 00:47:29,926 --> 00:47:33,051 Under Nazi occupation, did they stop printing newspapers in Princeton? 796 00:47:33,183 --> 00:47:36,426 Why would we go to the middle of nowhere for who knows how long? 797 00:47:36,426 --> 00:47:38,426 - For a year or two or three? 798 00:47:39,840 --> 00:47:43,426 My general, could you... give us a moment? 799 00:47:44,426 --> 00:47:47,176 It's about unleashing a strong force... 800 00:47:48,426 --> 00:47:51,816 ...before the Nazis do. - Oh my God. 801 00:47:52,012 --> 00:47:53,968 - It was all work for the Nazis. - No, never. 802 00:47:53,968 --> 00:47:55,968 - Not they, [?] have we? - We don't. 803 00:47:56,222 --> 00:47:57,699 That's why I need you. 804 00:47:57,801 --> 00:48:00,918 - Why would you think I'd do that? - Why? Why? 805 00:48:01,785 --> 00:48:04,367 How about because this is the most important fucking thing to ever 806 00:48:04,391 --> 00:48:05,801 happen in the history of the world? 807 00:48:05,968 --> 00:48:07,152 How about that? 808 00:48:07,843 --> 00:48:08,843 Fuck. 809 00:48:13,709 --> 00:48:15,709 They're not going to let me onto this project. 810 00:48:16,777 --> 00:48:20,269 And failing a security check is not going to be good for a career even after the war. 811 00:48:20,371 --> 00:48:22,777 So you're a fellow traveler. So what? 812 00:48:23,230 --> 00:48:27,347 This is a national emergency. I've got some skeletons, they put me in charge. 813 00:48:27,690 --> 00:48:30,582 - They need us. - Until they don't. 814 00:48:34,321 --> 00:48:36,477 Is there any chance of getting Bohr out of Denmark? 815 00:48:36,633 --> 00:48:38,969 No, no dice. I checked with the British. 816 00:48:39,936 --> 00:48:43,258 Until we get Allied boots back onto the continent, there's just no way. 817 00:48:44,936 --> 00:48:45,936 Is he that important? 818 00:48:46,071 --> 00:48:49,274 How many people do you know who've proved Einstein wrong? 819 00:48:50,645 --> 00:48:52,645 It really would be quicker to take a plane. 820 00:48:52,678 --> 00:48:55,678 No, a plane's too risky. The country needs us. 821 00:48:59,045 --> 00:49:02,354 Harvard guys, they say the building's too small for this cyclotron. 822 00:49:04,818 --> 00:49:06,721 Get them together with the architects. 823 00:49:09,908 --> 00:49:12,443 When's this place supposed to open? 824 00:49:14,310 --> 00:49:16,018 Two months. 825 00:49:16,732 --> 00:49:20,474 Robert, you're the great improviser, but this... 826 00:49:21,013 --> 00:49:23,018 you can't do in your head. 827 00:49:23,954 --> 00:49:28,673 Four emissions. Experimental, theoretical, 828 00:49:28,813 --> 00:49:31,018 metallurgical. - Who's running theoretical? 829 00:49:31,181 --> 00:49:33,806 - I am. - That's what I was afraid of. 830 00:49:34,063 --> 00:49:35,501 You're spread too thin. 831 00:49:36,171 --> 00:49:37,993 So you take theoretical. 832 00:49:40,723 --> 00:49:44,392 I'm not coming here, Robert. 833 00:49:49,465 --> 00:49:51,465 Why not? 834 00:49:57,477 --> 00:50:01,165 You drop a bomb, and it falls on the just and the unjust. 835 00:50:02,071 --> 00:50:04,513 I don't wish the culmination of three centuries 836 00:50:04,537 --> 00:50:07,267 of physics to be a weapon of mass destruction. 837 00:50:16,626 --> 00:50:22,852 Izzy, I don't know if we can be trusted with such a weapon, 838 00:50:24,299 --> 00:50:27,931 but I know the Nazis can't. 839 00:50:31,285 --> 00:50:33,285 They have no choice. 840 00:50:38,143 --> 00:50:43,243 The second thing you have to do is appoint Hans Bethe to run the theoretical division. 841 00:50:44,854 --> 00:50:46,854 Wait. What was the first? 842 00:50:46,907 --> 00:50:50,517 Take off that ridiculous uniform. You're a scientist. 843 00:50:50,688 --> 00:50:54,577 - Groves is insisting we join. - Tell Groves to go shit in his hat. 844 00:50:54,734 --> 00:50:59,604 They need us for who we are. So be yourself. Only better. 845 00:51:38,866 --> 00:51:42,850 This is the only key. And Teller's already here. 846 00:51:43,012 --> 00:51:45,952 - Can I just show him in? - No, let's wait for the others. 847 00:51:53,272 --> 00:51:56,530 - Let's get started. - Hello, Edward. 848 00:51:56,639 --> 00:51:57,641 Yes? 849 00:51:57,819 --> 00:52:03,045 Gentlemen, we will work here until the T-section at Los Alamos is finished. 850 00:52:03,123 --> 00:52:05,467 - Edward, can I? - This is more important. 851 00:52:07,256 --> 00:52:11,514 When I calculated the chain reaction, I found a rather terrible possibility. 852 00:52:12,295 --> 00:52:17,569 No, this can't be right. Show me how you did your calculations. 853 00:52:17,626 --> 00:52:18,626 Yes. 854 00:52:28,694 --> 00:52:29,858 This is fantasy. 855 00:52:30,373 --> 00:52:32,122 Teller's calculations can't be right. 856 00:52:32,803 --> 00:52:34,873 Do it yourself, while I'm at Princeton. 857 00:52:35,061 --> 00:52:37,264 - What for? - To talk to Einstein. 858 00:52:37,417 --> 00:52:39,686 But there's not much common ground between the two. 859 00:52:39,770 --> 00:52:41,770 That's why I should get his view. 860 00:52:45,882 --> 00:52:47,434 Albert. 861 00:52:47,921 --> 00:52:52,257 Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer. Have you met Dr. Godel? 862 00:52:52,421 --> 00:52:54,085 We walk here most days. 863 00:52:54,435 --> 00:52:58,053 Trees are the most inspiring structures. 864 00:52:58,631 --> 00:53:00,857 - Albert, might I have a word? 865 00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:03,257 Of course. Excuse me. 866 00:53:04,796 --> 00:53:07,311 Some days, Kurt refuses to meet. 867 00:53:07,522 --> 00:53:12,444 Even Princeton is convinced that the Nazis can poison his food, hm? 868 00:53:13,434 --> 00:53:14,959 Hmm? 869 00:53:17,761 --> 00:53:19,761 What? 870 00:53:23,131 --> 00:53:27,350 - Whose work is this? - Teller's. 871 00:53:28,327 --> 00:53:30,514 What do you take it to mean? 872 00:53:30,952 --> 00:53:36,225 Neutrons smash into nucleus, releasing neutrons to smash into other nuclei. 873 00:53:37,060 --> 00:53:40,506 Criticality, point of no return, massive explosive force- 874 00:53:40,873 --> 00:53:43,045 But this time the chain reaction doesn't stop. 875 00:53:44,053 --> 00:53:46,116 It would ignite the atmosphere. 876 00:53:48,092 --> 00:53:52,092 If we detonate an atomic device we might start a chain reaction that... 877 00:53:53,372 --> 00:53:54,372 ...destroys the world. 878 00:53:55,703 --> 00:53:57,421 So here we are, hm? 879 00:53:57,485 --> 00:54:03,710 Lost in your quantum world of probabilities, and needing certainty. 880 00:54:04,256 --> 00:54:06,749 - Can you run the calculations yourself? - No, no. 881 00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:11,475 About the only thing you and I have in common is a disdain for mathematics. 882 00:54:11,655 --> 00:54:14,376 - Was working on this in Berkeley. - Hans Bethe. 883 00:54:14,710 --> 00:54:16,944 Well, you'll get to the truth. 884 00:54:18,452 --> 00:54:20,991 And if the truth is catastrophic? 885 00:54:21,374 --> 00:54:25,592 Then you stop, and you share your findings with the Nazis. 886 00:54:26,389 --> 00:54:28,842 So neither side destroys the world. 887 00:54:32,577 --> 00:54:37,397 Robert, this is yours. Not mine. 888 00:54:50,835 --> 00:54:53,577 Teller's wrong. He's wrong. 889 00:55:03,460 --> 00:55:07,303 When you know Teller's critical assumptions, the real picture emerges. 890 00:55:07,398 --> 00:55:08,538 [In short?] 891 00:55:09,233 --> 00:55:12,145 The chances of an uncontrolled nuclear reaction are near-zero. 892 00:55:12,248 --> 00:55:13,896 Near... zero? 893 00:55:14,912 --> 00:55:17,239 Oppie, this is good news. 894 00:55:18,466 --> 00:55:21,420 - Can you run them again? - No, you'll get the same answer. 895 00:55:21,632 --> 00:55:25,155 To actually detonate one of these things, the best assurance you're going to get is this. 896 00:55:25,675 --> 00:55:27,675 Near zero. 897 00:55:30,209 --> 00:55:32,174 Theory will take you only so far. 898 00:55:32,803 --> 00:55:34,497 - Hello! - Hi! 899 00:55:34,569 --> 00:55:36,881 - We missed him. - You want to adopt? 900 00:55:37,096 --> 00:55:38,146 Oh, she's kidding. 901 00:55:38,224 --> 00:55:40,396 We wanted to see you before we left. 902 00:55:40,560 --> 00:55:43,096 For parts unknown. 903 00:55:44,115 --> 00:55:47,376 You know who I ran into the other day? Eltenton. 904 00:55:47,814 --> 00:55:48,814 Oh. 905 00:55:49,185 --> 00:55:51,556 The chemist from Shell, the union guy? 906 00:55:51,638 --> 00:55:54,576 Yeah. The F.A.A.C.T. guy. 907 00:55:55,528 --> 00:55:58,254 He was moaning about how we're handling the war. 908 00:55:58,576 --> 00:56:00,232 How so? 909 00:56:00,326 --> 00:56:03,163 Lack of cooperation with our allies. 910 00:56:03,232 --> 00:56:07,248 Apparently, the government's not sharing any research with the Russians. 911 00:56:07,349 --> 00:56:11,560 He said most scientists think the policy is stupid. 912 00:56:14,874 --> 00:56:16,874 - Yeah. - Yeah. 913 00:56:17,013 --> 00:56:21,209 He mentioned that if anyone had anything they wanted to pass on, 914 00:56:21,731 --> 00:56:25,935 going around official channels, that he could help. 915 00:56:34,020 --> 00:56:36,107 That would be treason. 916 00:56:36,285 --> 00:56:37,966 Yes, of course. 917 00:56:38,590 --> 00:56:40,590 I just thought you should know. 918 00:56:42,567 --> 00:56:46,472 The brat is down. [?] Where are the martinis? 919 00:56:50,966 --> 00:56:52,739 Coming right up. 920 00:56:52,966 --> 00:56:56,966 The conversation ended there. Nothing in our long-standing friendship 921 00:56:56,966 --> 00:57:00,833 would have led me to believe that Chevalier was actually seeking information. 922 00:57:00,895 --> 00:57:05,669 And I am certain that he had no idea of the work in which I was engaged. 923 00:57:10,005 --> 00:57:14,692 It has long been clear to me that I should have reported this incident at once. 924 00:57:14,864 --> 00:57:18,381 The Oppenheimer situation highlights the tension between 925 00:57:18,459 --> 00:57:22,150 scientists and the security apparatus, in hopes of learning how 926 00:57:22,174 --> 00:57:25,342 the nominee handles such issues during his time in the ABC. 927 00:57:25,513 --> 00:57:28,232 We'll have a scientist appearing before the committee. 928 00:57:28,849 --> 00:57:31,607 - Who are they bringing in? - They haven't said. 929 00:57:31,896 --> 00:57:35,740 Mr. Chairman, if I may, I'm nominated for Commerce Secretary. 930 00:57:35,826 --> 00:57:38,178 Why is it the opinion of scientists? 931 00:57:38,496 --> 00:57:43,045 This is a cabinet post, Admiral. We seek a wide range of opinions. 932 00:57:43,099 --> 00:57:45,580 I'd like to know the name of the scientist testifying. 933 00:57:45,604 --> 00:57:47,170 I'd like the chance to cross-examine. 934 00:57:47,496 --> 00:57:49,496 This is not a court. 935 00:57:50,468 --> 00:57:51,468 Formality, huh? 936 00:57:51,468 --> 00:57:54,010 No presidential cabinet nominee has failed to be confirmed 937 00:57:54,034 --> 00:57:57,408 since 1925. This is just how the game is played. 938 00:57:57,408 --> 00:57:59,708 It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice. 939 00:58:00,208 --> 00:58:01,908 They bring in a scientist, so what? 940 00:58:02,208 --> 00:58:04,308 You don't know scientists like I do, Counselor. 941 00:58:04,308 --> 00:58:08,008 They resent anyone who questions their judgment, especially for most of them. 942 00:58:08,208 --> 00:58:11,856 I was chair of the AEC. I'm easy to blame for what happened to Robert. 943 00:58:11,918 --> 00:58:15,840 We can't have the Senate thinking the scientific community doesn't support you, sir. 944 00:58:16,808 --> 00:58:18,145 Or should we pivot? 945 00:58:18,508 --> 00:58:19,908 - To what? - And embrace it. 946 00:58:20,816 --> 00:58:22,816 "I fought Oppenheimer, and the US won." 947 00:58:23,152 --> 00:58:24,816 I don't think we need to go there. 948 00:58:24,816 --> 00:58:26,933 Isn't there someone we can call who knows what really happened? 949 00:58:27,128 --> 00:58:28,816 - Teller. - It'll make an impression. 950 00:58:28,816 --> 00:58:30,589 Can you get the name of the scientist they've called? 951 00:58:30,652 --> 00:58:33,160 - Probably. - Find out if he was based in Chicago, 952 00:58:33,246 --> 00:58:35,816 or Los Alamos during the war. - Why does that matter? 953 00:58:35,816 --> 00:58:38,596 Well, if he was based in Chicago, they worked on under Szilard and Fermi. 954 00:58:38,621 --> 00:58:42,089 They had the cult of Bobby at Los Alamos. Robert built that damn place. 955 00:58:42,160 --> 00:58:46,074 He was founder and mayor, sheriff. All rolled into one. 956 00:58:58,488 --> 00:59:02,194 Well, all it needs is a saloon. 957 00:59:29,733 --> 00:59:31,561 There's no kitchen. 958 00:59:32,116 --> 00:59:35,116 Really? I'll fix that. 959 00:59:41,327 --> 00:59:42,858 Barbed wire? 960 00:59:42,937 --> 00:59:44,499 Guns? 961 00:59:44,584 --> 00:59:47,593 - I'll be... - We're at war, Hans. 962 00:59:49,777 --> 00:59:52,366 Halifax. 1917. 963 00:59:52,577 --> 00:59:55,343 A cargo ship carrying munitions explodes in the harbor. 964 00:59:57,894 --> 01:00:00,460 A vast and sudden chemical reaction. 965 01:00:04,200 --> 01:00:07,081 The biggest man-made explosion in history. 966 01:00:07,449 --> 01:00:09,789 Now let's calculate how much more destructive 967 01:00:09,813 --> 01:00:11,792 it would have been if it were a nuclear, 968 01:00:11,956 --> 01:00:16,706 and not a chemical reaction, expressing power in terms of tons of TNT. 969 01:00:16,933 --> 01:00:19,488 - But it would be in thousands. - Well then... 970 01:00:20,359 --> 01:00:22,359 Kilo-tons. 971 01:00:25,476 --> 01:00:30,183 Using U-235, the bomb will need a... 972 01:00:30,680 --> 01:00:31,777 I'm sorry. 973 01:00:31,941 --> 01:00:35,753 "Gadget" will need a 33-pound sphere about this size. 974 01:00:35,894 --> 01:00:39,456 Or using plutonium, a 10-pound sphere. 975 01:00:41,086 --> 01:00:45,086 Here's the amount of uranium Oakwood's refined all of last month. 976 01:00:49,164 --> 01:00:52,039 And the Hanford plant made this much plutonium. 977 01:00:53,930 --> 01:00:57,821 Now, if we can enrich these amounts, we need a way to detonate them. 978 01:00:58,828 --> 01:01:02,512 - Are we boring you, Edward? - A little bit, yes. 979 01:01:02,543 --> 01:01:03,907 May I ask why? 980 01:01:03,977 --> 01:01:07,367 We all entered this room knowing an efficient bomb was possible. 981 01:01:07,976 --> 01:01:09,735 How about we leave it with something new? 982 01:01:09,883 --> 01:01:10,886 Such as? 983 01:01:11,352 --> 01:01:15,016 Instead of uranium or plutonium, we use hydride. 984 01:01:15,952 --> 01:01:19,351 Heavy hydrogen, deuterium. 985 01:01:19,710 --> 01:01:22,070 You see, we compact the atoms together, 986 01:01:22,124 --> 01:01:24,952 under great pressure, to induce a fusion reaction. 987 01:01:26,218 --> 01:01:30,218 And we'll get not kilotons, but megatons. 988 01:01:31,171 --> 01:01:37,195 Okay, hang on, hang on. So how do you generate a force to fuse hydrogen atoms? 989 01:01:38,039 --> 01:01:40,023 A small fission bomb. 990 01:01:40,094 --> 01:01:41,758 There we are! 991 01:01:43,361 --> 01:01:46,866 Well, since we're going to need one anyway, we can get back to the business at hand... 992 01:01:46,979 --> 01:01:49,726 The isotopes issue wasn't your most important 993 01:01:50,375 --> 01:01:53,249 policy disagreement with Dr. Oppenheimer. 994 01:01:53,330 --> 01:01:55,749 It was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it? 995 01:01:55,843 --> 01:02:00,257 As colleagues, we agreed to disagree on a great many things. 996 01:02:00,312 --> 01:02:04,609 And one of them was the need for an H-bomb program, yes. 997 01:02:17,812 --> 01:02:22,338 Thanks. Convening. On short notice. I can't believe it. 998 01:02:22,742 --> 01:02:26,570 Well, here we are. Catch me up. What do we know? 999 01:02:26,679 --> 01:02:30,609 One of our B-29s over the North Pacific has detected radiation. 1000 01:02:30,974 --> 01:02:33,857 - Do we have the filter papers? - There's no doubt what this is. 1001 01:02:34,007 --> 01:02:36,945 - The White House says there's a doubt. [?] - Wishful thinking, I'm afraid. 1002 01:02:37,031 --> 01:02:39,968 Are those the long-range detection filter papers? 1003 01:02:40,585 --> 01:02:42,734 It's an atomic test. 1004 01:02:45,171 --> 01:02:49,507 The Russians have a bomb. We're supposed to be years ahead of them, but... 1005 01:02:50,648 --> 01:02:54,016 What were you guys doing in Los Alamos? Was the security tight? 1006 01:02:54,102 --> 01:02:56,992 - Of course it was. You weren't there. - Forgive me, Doctor. 1007 01:02:58,544 --> 01:03:00,148 But I was there. 1008 01:03:00,544 --> 01:03:04,484 You can now consider the actual mechanics of detonation. 1009 01:03:04,586 --> 01:03:07,391 - Any ideas? - I call this shooting. 1010 01:03:07,484 --> 01:03:10,785 Fire a chunk of fissionable material into a larger 1011 01:03:10,818 --> 01:03:13,242 sphere with enough force to achieve criticality. 1012 01:03:13,851 --> 01:03:17,109 - What do we think? Anyone? - I've been thinking about implosion. 1013 01:03:17,273 --> 01:03:20,544 Explosives around the sphere blast inwards, crushing the material. 1014 01:03:21,175 --> 01:03:24,175 - I'd like to investigate that idea. - I'll talk to ordnance. 1015 01:03:24,449 --> 01:03:26,449 Okay, you blow things up. 1016 01:03:26,546 --> 01:03:28,546 - Progress? - Nice to see you too. 1017 01:03:29,368 --> 01:03:30,984 Meet the British contingent. 1018 01:03:31,140 --> 01:03:33,116 It's Oppenheimer. Klaus Fuchs. 1019 01:03:33,335 --> 01:03:36,312 - How long have you been British? - Since Hitler told me I wasn't German. 1020 01:03:36,368 --> 01:03:39,280 Ah, come work for Los Alamos. 1021 01:03:39,891 --> 01:03:41,265 The school's up and running. 1022 01:03:41,422 --> 01:03:42,523 The bar. 1023 01:03:42,766 --> 01:03:43,961 Always running. 1024 01:03:44,715 --> 01:03:47,031 And I thought of a way to reduce support staff. 1025 01:03:48,309 --> 01:03:50,109 - Is that? - Mr. Severin, yes. 1026 01:03:50,187 --> 01:03:53,578 I've offered jobs to all the wives of men, librarians, computation. 1027 01:03:53,691 --> 01:03:55,691 We cut down on staff, keep families together. 1028 01:03:55,809 --> 01:03:57,769 - Are these women qualified? - Don't be absurd. 1029 01:03:57,793 --> 01:03:59,965 These are some of the brightest minds in our community. 1030 01:04:00,004 --> 01:04:01,985 They're already security cleared? 1031 01:04:02,110 --> 01:04:04,263 I've informed General Groves you've been holding cross-divisional 1032 01:04:04,287 --> 01:04:06,880 open discussions on a nightly basis. - Shut them down. 1033 01:04:07,016 --> 01:04:09,727 Compartmentalization is the key to maintaining security. 1034 01:04:09,774 --> 01:04:10,880 Only the top men. 1035 01:04:10,880 --> 01:04:12,680 Who presumably communicate with subordinates? 1036 01:04:12,774 --> 01:04:14,609 These men aren't stupid. They can be discreet. 1037 01:04:14,649 --> 01:04:15,477 I don't like it. 1038 01:04:15,539 --> 01:04:17,880 You don't like anything enough for that to be a fair test. 1039 01:04:23,162 --> 01:04:26,162 Once a week. Top men only. 1040 01:04:26,162 --> 01:04:28,162 You'd like to bring my brother here? 1041 01:04:28,162 --> 01:04:29,162 No. 1042 01:04:30,177 --> 01:04:32,162 Herr Nichols? 1043 01:04:32,865 --> 01:04:35,474 I still haven't heard that my security clearance has been approved. 1044 01:04:35,521 --> 01:04:37,841 - It hasn't. - I'm going to Chicago tomorrow. 1045 01:04:37,896 --> 01:04:39,443 That should wait. 1046 01:04:39,568 --> 01:04:41,989 You are aware that the Nazis had a two-year head start? 1047 01:04:42,146 --> 01:04:44,095 Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact that your security clearance 1048 01:04:44,126 --> 01:04:46,121 is proving difficult to obtain is not my fault. 1049 01:04:46,168 --> 01:04:47,341 It's yours. 1050 01:04:47,419 --> 01:04:50,333 It may not be your fault, but it's your problem. Because I'm going. 1051 01:04:51,062 --> 01:04:53,262 And how many people were in these, uh... 1052 01:04:53,774 --> 01:04:54,868 ...open... - Open. 1053 01:04:54,868 --> 01:04:55,768 ...discussions? 1054 01:04:55,768 --> 01:04:58,399 Too many. Compartmentalization was supposed to be the protocol. 1055 01:04:58,438 --> 01:04:59,668 We were in a race against the Nazis. 1056 01:04:59,782 --> 01:05:01,968 Now the race is against the Soviets. 1057 01:05:02,001 --> 01:05:06,837 - Not unless we start it properly. - They just fired the starting gun. 1058 01:05:07,152 --> 01:05:09,329 What's the nature of the device they detonated? 1059 01:05:09,422 --> 01:05:12,969 Data indicates it may have been a plutonium implosion device. 1060 01:05:13,008 --> 01:05:15,899 Like the one you built at Los Alamos. 1061 01:05:16,195 --> 01:05:19,243 The Russians have a bomb. Truman needs to know what's next. 1062 01:05:19,329 --> 01:05:21,152 What's next? Arms talks. 1063 01:05:21,180 --> 01:05:23,152 - Arms talks. - Obviously. 1064 01:05:23,901 --> 01:05:26,610 What about the super? Does Truman even know about it? 1065 01:05:26,657 --> 01:05:28,104 Did we brief him on that? 1066 01:05:28,528 --> 01:05:29,745 Not specifically. 1067 01:05:29,956 --> 01:05:32,831 We still don't know if a hydrogen bomb is technically feasible. 1068 01:05:32,870 --> 01:05:35,159 Right, my understanding is that Teller proposed to him. 1069 01:05:35,188 --> 01:05:36,528 - Yes. - At Los Alamos? 1070 01:05:36,528 --> 01:05:38,651 Teller's designs have always been wildly impractical. 1071 01:05:38,690 --> 01:05:41,528 You'd have to deliver by oxcart, not airplane. 1072 01:05:41,528 --> 01:05:44,528 - Oppie! - So, Dr. Lawrence, any comment? 1073 01:05:46,528 --> 01:05:47,528 No. 1074 01:05:49,542 --> 01:05:51,678 Because if it can put us ahead again, 1075 01:05:52,147 --> 01:05:57,100 the President of the United States needs to know about it. 1076 01:05:58,577 --> 01:06:01,569 And if the Russians know about it already from a spy... 1077 01:06:01,702 --> 01:06:04,694 at Los Alamos, then we've got to get going. 1078 01:06:04,740 --> 01:06:07,319 There's no proof there was a spy at Los Alamos. 1079 01:06:07,575 --> 01:06:09,575 Robert. 1080 01:06:13,435 --> 01:06:15,216 They put it under the football stadium? 1081 01:06:15,324 --> 01:06:17,231 It feels not in use anymore. 1082 01:06:17,349 --> 01:06:18,463 Just as well. 1083 01:06:21,263 --> 01:06:23,161 - Oppie! - Dr. Fermi. 1084 01:06:25,900 --> 01:06:28,825 - I hear you've got a little town. - Yes, come and see. 1085 01:06:30,137 --> 01:06:33,005 How could things tick [?] in a place like that, ah? 1086 01:06:34,106 --> 01:06:36,278 Everybody will go crazy. 1087 01:06:36,995 --> 01:06:39,583 Thank you the vote of confidence, Szilard. 1088 01:06:40,336 --> 01:06:43,481 Do we really... really need that on the notes? 1089 01:06:44,096 --> 01:06:45,456 Aren't you gonna try it out? 1090 01:06:45,934 --> 01:06:47,161 We did. 1091 01:06:47,711 --> 01:06:51,052 The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. 1092 01:06:51,456 --> 01:06:53,044 Didn't Groves tell you? 1093 01:06:53,691 --> 01:06:54,880 No. 1094 01:07:02,466 --> 01:07:07,364 Dr. Oppenheimer? I tried personnel. I asked if I could type. 1095 01:07:07,566 --> 01:07:08,566 Can you? 1096 01:07:08,613 --> 01:07:11,872 Harvard forgot to teach that on the graduate chemistry course. 1097 01:07:13,277 --> 01:07:16,302 Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here on the plutonium team. 1098 01:07:21,372 --> 01:07:23,505 What the hell were you doing in Chicago? 1099 01:07:23,570 --> 01:07:25,505 - Visiting the mets. - Why? 1100 01:07:25,583 --> 01:07:26,669 - You can't do that. - Why? 1101 01:07:26,724 --> 01:07:28,060 Because we-we have every right. 1102 01:07:28,130 --> 01:07:31,755 You have just the rights that I give you. No more, no less. 1103 01:07:32,210 --> 01:07:35,380 We are adults trying to run a project here. This is ridiculous. 1104 01:07:35,817 --> 01:07:37,653 Tell him. 1105 01:07:38,373 --> 01:07:41,340 Compartmentalization is the protocol we agreed to. 1106 01:07:42,207 --> 01:07:45,661 Enough of this madhouse. Nobody can work under these conditions. 1107 01:07:45,686 --> 01:07:49,090 You know what? Generalissimo, I quit! 1108 01:07:49,910 --> 01:07:51,910 Thanks for nothing. 1109 01:07:53,527 --> 01:07:55,527 Better off without him. 1110 01:07:56,183 --> 01:07:59,183 Aren't you more concerned about his discretion out there? 1111 01:08:00,105 --> 01:08:02,105 We'll have him killed. 1112 01:08:03,252 --> 01:08:07,261 No, just kidding. He hates me, not America. 1113 01:08:07,786 --> 01:08:10,557 You know, General, not everyone has levers to pull like mine. 1114 01:08:11,066 --> 01:08:12,715 I don't think I understand. 1115 01:08:12,840 --> 01:08:16,551 You didn't hire me despite my left-wing past. You hired me because of it. 1116 01:08:17,222 --> 01:08:19,183 So you could control me. 1117 01:08:19,933 --> 01:08:23,402 No, I'm not that subtle. I'm just a humble soldier. 1118 01:08:23,715 --> 01:08:27,456 You're neither humble, nor just a soldier. You studied engineering at MIT. 1119 01:08:27,456 --> 01:08:29,647 - Guilty as charged. - Well, now we understand each other, 1120 01:08:29,671 --> 01:08:31,491 perhaps you can get me my security clearance, 1121 01:08:31,515 --> 01:08:33,635 so I can perform this miracle for you. 1122 01:08:39,541 --> 01:08:40,823 General Groves, were you aware of 1123 01:08:40,862 --> 01:08:44,252 Dr. Oppenheimer's left-wing associations when you appointed him? 1124 01:08:44,346 --> 01:08:46,498 I was aware that there were suspicions about him. 1125 01:08:46,522 --> 01:08:49,508 I was aware he had a very extreme liberal background. 1126 01:08:49,666 --> 01:08:52,844 In your opinion, would he ever consciously commit a disloyal act? 1127 01:08:52,938 --> 01:08:54,618 I would be amazed if he did. 1128 01:08:54,688 --> 01:08:57,234 So you had complete confidence in his integrity? 1129 01:08:57,453 --> 01:09:00,188 At Los Alamos, yes. Which is where I really knew him. 1130 01:09:00,320 --> 01:09:02,883 Do you know that your security officers on the project 1131 01:09:02,938 --> 01:09:05,109 advised you against the clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer? 1132 01:09:05,172 --> 01:09:08,945 They could not, and would not, clear him until I insisted. 1133 01:09:09,140 --> 01:09:10,910 And it's safe to say that you had a pretty good knowledge 1134 01:09:10,999 --> 01:09:12,580 of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file. 1135 01:09:12,655 --> 01:09:13,843 I did. 1136 01:09:14,398 --> 01:09:16,913 Then there's only really one question I need answered here today. 1137 01:09:17,007 --> 01:09:21,523 In light of the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1138 01:09:21,736 --> 01:09:23,736 Do you have the guidelines? 1139 01:09:30,525 --> 01:09:36,265 Under current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 1140 01:09:47,771 --> 01:09:49,640 Physics and New Mexico, huh? 1141 01:09:50,733 --> 01:09:52,842 My God. What a trick. 1142 01:09:53,944 --> 01:09:56,765 - That's why you need a liaison. - We're appointing Lomanitz. 1143 01:09:57,732 --> 01:10:00,358 You're gonna be okay. This way, gentlemen. 1144 01:10:09,913 --> 01:10:11,760 - Dr. Lawrence. - Leslie. 1145 01:10:12,335 --> 01:10:14,382 I'd like to remind you what we talked about at Berkeley. 1146 01:10:14,447 --> 01:10:16,655 Departmentalization, I understand completely. 1147 01:10:31,053 --> 01:10:32,499 Greetings from Berkeley. 1148 01:10:32,593 --> 01:10:35,694 I am here to update you on our progress and solicit your input. 1149 01:10:35,971 --> 01:10:40,084 To do so, I am going to have to share a few things that General Groves told me not to. 1150 01:10:40,787 --> 01:10:43,959 Sorry General, I said I understood, not that I agreed. 1151 01:10:45,099 --> 01:10:46,943 Gentlemen, business! 1152 01:10:47,263 --> 01:10:51,287 - There were rumors of espionage at Los Alamos, - Unsubstantiated. There's no such thing. [?] 1153 01:10:51,312 --> 01:10:54,919 and I'm told that there were communists on the project. 1154 01:10:55,012 --> 01:10:58,770 I just want to know, were any of them involved in discussions at the super? 1155 01:10:58,864 --> 01:11:01,608 I seem to remember you demanding your brother come to Los Alamos. 1156 01:11:01,661 --> 01:11:04,169 - My brother had left the party by then. - What about Lomanitz? 1157 01:11:04,419 --> 01:11:07,434 Lominitz was never employed at Los Alamos. He was a liaison. 1158 01:11:07,608 --> 01:11:10,231 Our security was tight, as former Colonel Nichols well knows. 1159 01:11:10,270 --> 01:11:13,754 Our security was as tight as it could be given the personalities involved, but attempts were made. 1160 01:11:14,176 --> 01:11:17,355 - What is that supposed to mean? - We've all read his file here. 1161 01:11:17,993 --> 01:11:20,285 Do we need to talk about Gene Tatlock? 1162 01:11:21,137 --> 01:11:23,137 Or the Chevalier incident? 1163 01:11:26,848 --> 01:11:28,848 Excuse me. 1164 01:11:30,590 --> 01:11:33,590 Mr. Lomanitz, line one! 1165 01:11:39,243 --> 01:11:43,826 Hello, Rossi. What? O-Okay, just calm down. 1166 01:11:44,381 --> 01:11:45,586 [Another mistake. (?)] 1167 01:11:45,586 --> 01:11:48,943 - Lomanitz just got drafted. - We are at war, Doctor. 1168 01:11:49,100 --> 01:11:52,586 Don't be an asshole, Nichols. We need this kid. Fix it, will you? 1169 01:11:52,725 --> 01:11:56,561 It wasn't a mistake. Your friend Lomanitz was [?] trying to unionize the radiation lab. 1170 01:11:56,631 --> 01:11:59,678 - He promised to quit all that. - Well, he hasn't. 1171 01:12:00,412 --> 01:12:03,260 The security officer at Berkeley is concerned about communist infiltration 1172 01:12:03,347 --> 01:12:07,013 through that union, the FA... - FAECT. 1173 01:12:09,517 --> 01:12:13,994 While I'm there next week, I'll... drop in to see him. 1174 01:12:15,138 --> 01:12:16,810 Your Q clearance came through. 1175 01:12:20,271 --> 01:12:23,841 It's important you not maintain or renew any questionable associations. 1176 01:12:28,794 --> 01:12:30,783 Doctor, did you think social contacts 1177 01:12:30,884 --> 01:12:34,775 between a person engaged on secret war work, and communists, was dangerous? 1178 01:12:34,892 --> 01:12:37,674 My awareness of the danger would be greater today. 1179 01:12:38,759 --> 01:12:41,470 It's fair to say that during the war years, 1180 01:12:41,555 --> 01:12:44,509 you felt that such contacts were potentially dangerous. 1181 01:12:50,548 --> 01:12:53,392 Were conceivably dangerous, yes. 1182 01:12:53,650 --> 01:12:55,431 They really were! 1183 01:12:55,896 --> 01:12:57,896 Knowing communists. 1184 01:12:59,799 --> 01:13:01,369 Look... 1185 01:13:02,189 --> 01:13:06,611 I've had a lot of secrets in my head for a long time. 1186 01:13:07,568 --> 01:13:12,131 Doesn't matter who I associate with, I don't talk about those secrets. 1187 01:13:19,405 --> 01:13:26,732 You said in your statement that you had to see Gene Tadlock in 1943. 1188 01:13:27,967 --> 01:13:29,366 You left... 1189 01:13:30,749 --> 01:13:32,319 ...not a word. 1190 01:13:32,622 --> 01:13:35,115 What did you think that would do to me? 1191 01:13:35,662 --> 01:13:38,624 - I wrote. - Pages of nothing. 1192 01:13:41,624 --> 01:13:42,624 Where did you go? 1193 01:13:44,624 --> 01:13:46,203 - I can't tell you. - Why not? 1194 01:13:46,279 --> 01:13:47,797 Because you're a communist. 1195 01:13:50,672 --> 01:13:52,367 Why did you have to see her? 1196 01:13:52,508 --> 01:13:56,914 She had indicated a great desire to see me before we left. 1197 01:13:57,008 --> 01:14:01,282 At that time I couldn't, but I felt that she had to see me. 1198 01:14:01,844 --> 01:14:05,880 She was undergoing psychiatric treatment. She was extremely unhappy. 1199 01:14:06,242 --> 01:14:08,786 Did you find out why she had to see you? 1200 01:14:12,786 --> 01:14:15,786 Because she was still in love with me. 1201 01:14:23,004 --> 01:14:26,004 You spent the night together, didn't you? 1202 01:14:32,326 --> 01:14:33,883 Yes... 1203 01:14:39,688 --> 01:14:44,969 You drop in and out of my life and you don't have to tell me why. 1204 01:14:45,555 --> 01:14:49,082 And that's power. Not that I enjoy. 1205 01:14:49,106 --> 01:14:51,926 I'd rather be here for you as you need. 1206 01:14:52,210 --> 01:14:54,480 But you have other priorities now. 1207 01:14:55,061 --> 01:14:57,061 I have a wife and child. 1208 01:14:58,015 --> 01:15:01,007 That's not what either of us is talking about. 1209 01:15:04,093 --> 01:15:07,358 Jean, you asked me to come. 1210 01:15:08,436 --> 01:15:10,436 And I'm glad I did. 1211 01:15:11,233 --> 01:15:13,233 But I can't see you again. 1212 01:15:15,920 --> 01:15:17,920 But what if I need you? 1213 01:15:21,397 --> 01:15:23,397 You said you would always answer. 1214 01:15:26,467 --> 01:15:28,023 Not a word? 1215 01:15:28,476 --> 01:15:31,232 Did you think that consistent with security? 1216 01:15:31,296 --> 01:15:34,342 As a matter of fact, it was. Not a word. 1217 01:15:35,233 --> 01:15:37,233 When did you see her after that? 1218 01:15:45,195 --> 01:15:47,195 I never saw her again. 1219 01:15:53,256 --> 01:15:55,678 I can make the last train back to Princeton. 1220 01:15:56,225 --> 01:15:58,975 Kitty, I didn't say anything that I hadn't already told you. 1221 01:15:59,022 --> 01:16:00,756 Today you said it to history, didn't you? 1222 01:16:00,811 --> 01:16:02,287 This is a closed hearing. 1223 01:16:04,146 --> 01:16:06,553 If they don't release the fat scoop, I'm sure you will. 1224 01:16:06,616 --> 01:16:08,904 - I was in trouble. - Well, you were under enough to me, 1225 01:16:08,951 --> 01:16:10,717 when you went to see Gene. 1226 01:16:11,709 --> 01:16:13,272 You know that you... 1227 01:16:13,717 --> 01:16:16,474 You sit there, day after day, 1228 01:16:17,302 --> 01:16:20,254 letting them pick our lives to pieces. 1229 01:16:22,017 --> 01:16:24,354 But why won't you fight? 1230 01:16:26,065 --> 01:16:29,947 Robert, I'm not putting her out there. 1231 01:16:35,284 --> 01:16:38,145 Dr. Oppenheimer! This is an honor. Please, take a seat. 1232 01:16:38,692 --> 01:16:41,051 I just wanted to check whether I should... 1233 01:16:41,246 --> 01:16:43,964 talk to Lomanitz while I'm here, given your concerns. 1234 01:16:44,121 --> 01:16:46,887 I'd say that's really up to you, Professor, but I'd be cautious. 1235 01:16:47,027 --> 01:16:47,933 Understood. 1236 01:16:48,331 --> 01:16:50,710 Oh, and, um, as regards to the union, 1237 01:16:50,792 --> 01:16:54,072 I wanted to give you a heads up on a man named Eltington. 1238 01:16:54,173 --> 01:16:55,173 A heads up? 1239 01:16:55,205 --> 01:16:59,205 Yes, just that he might bear watching is all. 1240 01:17:00,164 --> 01:17:01,689 I'd love to get more details. 1241 01:17:02,533 --> 01:17:04,884 I have an appointment now, and I leave early tomorrow. 1242 01:17:05,079 --> 01:17:06,727 Well, come back as early as you like. 1243 01:17:06,972 --> 01:17:08,972 Since you don't have the time now. 1244 01:17:09,543 --> 01:17:13,543 - You went back the next morning. - I did. I had to, really. 1245 01:17:14,168 --> 01:17:16,168 This time there was another man. 1246 01:17:17,512 --> 01:17:21,410 - He said his name was Pash. - Pash. You met Colonel Pash? 1247 01:17:21,488 --> 01:17:26,707 Colonel Pash, could you please read from your memo dated June 29, 1943? 1248 01:17:28,418 --> 01:17:30,711 "Results of surveillance conducted on subject 1249 01:17:30,863 --> 01:17:33,418 indicate further possible Communist Party connections." 1250 01:17:33,769 --> 01:17:37,117 "Subject met with and spent considerable time with one Jean Tatlock, 1251 01:17:37,276 --> 01:17:39,386 a Communist, the record of whom is attached." 1252 01:17:39,520 --> 01:17:41,940 - The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer? - Yes. 1253 01:17:42,043 --> 01:17:45,097 - Whom you had not met? - Not then, but soon after. 1254 01:17:45,175 --> 01:17:47,520 He's the head of security for the project. Shouldn't I know him? 1255 01:17:47,715 --> 01:17:49,449 No, he should[n't?] know you. 1256 01:17:49,863 --> 01:17:51,550 I would never put you in a room with Pash. 1257 01:17:51,605 --> 01:17:52,691 Why not? 1258 01:17:52,769 --> 01:17:54,570 When Pash first heard about Lomanitz, 1259 01:17:54,703 --> 01:17:57,520 he told the FBI he was going to kidnap him, 1260 01:17:57,703 --> 01:18:01,804 take him out on a boat, and interrogate him in the Russian manner. 1261 01:18:04,726 --> 01:18:07,070 General Groves has placed in me a certain responsibility, 1262 01:18:07,148 --> 01:18:11,554 and it's like having a child, though I can't see, by remote control. 1263 01:18:12,671 --> 01:18:14,765 So to actually meet you is... 1264 01:18:15,867 --> 01:18:17,609 I won't take up too much of your time, though. 1265 01:18:17,710 --> 01:18:19,843 Oh, no. Whatever time you choose. 1266 01:18:20,843 --> 01:18:23,061 Mr. Johnson told me the conversation you had yesterday, 1267 01:18:23,155 --> 01:18:25,789 which I'm very interested in. He's had me worried all day. 1268 01:18:26,398 --> 01:18:29,804 Yes, but I didn't want to talk to Lomanitz without authorization. 1269 01:18:29,952 --> 01:18:33,468 That's not the particular interest that I have. It's something a little bit more... 1270 01:18:34,921 --> 01:18:36,356 In my opinion, more serious. 1271 01:18:36,413 --> 01:18:38,347 And when the FBI pointed out that such 1272 01:18:38,444 --> 01:18:40,506 information wouldn't be admissible in court, 1273 01:18:40,569 --> 01:18:42,296 Pash made it clear he had no intention 1274 01:18:42,397 --> 01:18:44,608 of leaving any witness left to prosecute. 1275 01:18:44,771 --> 01:18:47,858 Now, the FBI talked him down, but, that's the man you're dancing with. 1276 01:18:48,018 --> 01:18:50,190 Together, you've heard there are other 1277 01:18:50,214 --> 01:18:52,643 parties interested in the work of the radiation lab? 1278 01:18:53,522 --> 01:18:57,574 A man attached to the Soviet consul indicated, 1279 01:18:58,129 --> 01:19:01,592 through intermediate people, to people on this project, 1280 01:19:01,660 --> 01:19:04,803 that he was in a position to transmit information. 1281 01:19:04,943 --> 01:19:08,115 Well, why would anyone on the project want to do that? 1282 01:19:09,232 --> 01:19:12,638 Frankly, I can see that there might be an argument for the commander-in-chief 1283 01:19:12,663 --> 01:19:16,215 informing the Russians, they're our allies, after all, but... 1284 01:19:16,278 --> 01:19:18,613 I don't like the idea of it going out the back door. 1285 01:19:18,824 --> 01:19:21,387 It might not hurt to be on the lookout for it. 1286 01:19:22,238 --> 01:19:23,808 And you said that to Pash. 1287 01:19:24,106 --> 01:19:27,808 I was trying to put it into context that Russia's not Germany. 1288 01:19:28,457 --> 01:19:32,808 Boris Pash is the son of a Russian Orthodox bishop. 1289 01:19:32,808 --> 01:19:36,723 Born here, but in 1918 he went back to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks. 1290 01:19:37,153 --> 01:19:39,808 This is a man who has killed communists with his own hands. 1291 01:19:40,207 --> 01:19:42,723 I'm not the judge of who should or should not have information. 1292 01:19:43,012 --> 01:19:45,582 It's my business to stop it from going through illegally. 1293 01:19:45,644 --> 01:19:47,644 Could you be a little more specific? 1294 01:19:50,129 --> 01:19:54,949 There's a man whose name was mentioned to me a couple of times, Eltonton. 1295 01:19:55,785 --> 01:19:58,817 I believe he's a chemist who works at Shell. 1296 01:19:59,215 --> 01:20:04,879 He talked to a friend of his, who's an acquaintance of someone on the project. 1297 01:20:07,146 --> 01:20:09,146 And you thought Pash would be satisfied with that? 1298 01:20:09,146 --> 01:20:12,895 I was attempting to give them Eltonton without opening a can of worms. 1299 01:20:12,934 --> 01:20:14,770 I told them a cock and bull story. 1300 01:20:14,857 --> 01:20:17,146 - Did you lie to General Groves, too? - No. 1301 01:20:17,344 --> 01:20:19,817 I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash. 1302 01:20:19,903 --> 01:20:23,199 Do you recall his conversation about the Chevalier incident? 1303 01:20:23,653 --> 01:20:25,582 I've seen so many versions of it. 1304 01:20:26,106 --> 01:20:28,942 Wasn't confused before, but I'm certainly getting there now. 1305 01:20:29,035 --> 01:20:32,394 - And what was your conclusion? - That he was under the influence of 1306 01:20:32,566 --> 01:20:35,120 the typical American schoolboy attitude. 1307 01:20:35,214 --> 01:20:38,344 That there's something wicked about telling on a friend. 1308 01:20:38,714 --> 01:20:42,689 Well now, might we know through whom the contact was made? 1309 01:20:43,501 --> 01:20:47,290 That would involve people who are not to be involved in this. 1310 01:20:47,414 --> 01:20:50,414 Is that someone a member of the project? 1311 01:20:50,759 --> 01:20:54,064 A member of the faculty, yes, but not in the project, no. 1312 01:20:54,226 --> 01:20:55,226 Ah... 1313 01:20:55,773 --> 01:21:00,476 So Eltonton made his approach through a member of the faculty here at Berkeley. 1314 01:21:02,164 --> 01:21:04,617 As far as I know, as far as I know, yes. 1315 01:21:04,726 --> 01:21:09,390 But there-there-there may have been more than one person involved. 1316 01:21:14,094 --> 01:21:16,740 Gentlemen, if I... if I seem uncooperative, 1317 01:21:16,772 --> 01:21:19,094 I think you can understand it's because of my insistence 1318 01:21:19,094 --> 01:21:21,475 on not getting innocent people into trouble. 1319 01:21:21,873 --> 01:21:24,920 You're trying to protect your friend. Who's protecting you? 1320 01:21:25,094 --> 01:21:26,594 Oh, you could. 1321 01:21:26,594 --> 01:21:29,311 - If you gave me the name... - If you order me to, I'll do it. 1322 01:21:29,365 --> 01:21:32,772 That's a mistake, Robert. You need to volunteer this name. 1323 01:21:33,594 --> 01:21:35,201 Did he give you the name? 1324 01:21:35,334 --> 01:21:36,779 - He did. - But not then, did he? 1325 01:21:36,826 --> 01:21:37,858 - No. - No, in fact, 1326 01:21:37,920 --> 01:21:39,701 it was some months later, wasn't it? 1327 01:21:40,128 --> 01:21:41,022 It was. 1328 01:21:41,128 --> 01:21:44,014 - You've seen his persistence. - Well, you are. 1329 01:21:44,100 --> 01:21:45,873 You are persistent, but that's your job. 1330 01:21:45,936 --> 01:21:49,194 And my job is to protect the people that work for me. 1331 01:21:49,467 --> 01:21:51,467 Instead of us going on certain steps, 1332 01:21:51,533 --> 01:21:53,376 which may come to your attention, 1333 01:21:54,471 --> 01:21:56,393 and be disturbing to you, 1334 01:21:56,928 --> 01:21:59,181 I would like to discuss those with you first. 1335 01:21:59,528 --> 01:22:03,275 I'm not formulating a plan, I'll just have to digest the whole thing. 1336 01:22:07,504 --> 01:22:10,701 In the months in between your interview with Dr. Oppenheimer, and 1337 01:22:10,855 --> 01:22:14,593 his eventual naming of Chevalier, did you expend resources trying to find 1338 01:22:14,664 --> 01:22:18,004 the name of the intermediary? - Considerable resources, yes. 1339 01:22:18,504 --> 01:22:20,683 Without the name, our job was extremely difficult. 1340 01:22:20,793 --> 01:22:23,816 - And when did you receive the name? - I was gone by the time Oppenheimer 1341 01:22:23,871 --> 01:22:25,479 - finally offered it up. - Gone? 1342 01:22:25,808 --> 01:22:27,867 They felt my time would be better spent in Europe, 1343 01:22:28,019 --> 01:22:30,504 determining the status of the Nazi bomb project. 1344 01:22:30,738 --> 01:22:31,738 Who did? 1345 01:22:32,691 --> 01:22:34,191 General Groves. 1346 01:22:34,558 --> 01:22:36,058 He transferred me to London. 1347 01:22:42,905 --> 01:22:44,959 It's a little early for a Christmas party. 1348 01:22:45,202 --> 01:22:46,202 Something's up. 1349 01:22:46,561 --> 01:22:48,342 Tolman's been away. 1350 01:22:48,819 --> 01:22:50,202 Where? 1351 01:22:50,295 --> 01:22:52,069 Ruth won't tell. 1352 01:23:01,380 --> 01:23:02,661 Come on, Murphy. 1353 01:23:02,839 --> 01:23:04,449 You can tell me, how can you tell? 1354 01:23:05,136 --> 01:23:07,185 Compartmentalization, Oppie. 1355 01:23:07,544 --> 01:23:09,715 What makes you think I know where he is, anyway? 1356 01:23:09,801 --> 01:23:13,474 Because you're doing a pretty good job of knowing where Mr. Donovan is when it counts. 1357 01:23:13,981 --> 01:23:15,135 Like now? 1358 01:23:15,160 --> 01:23:18,660 Attention! 1359 01:23:21,325 --> 01:23:23,825 Early Christmas present for you all. 1360 01:23:31,414 --> 01:23:33,746 The British pilot put me in the bomb bay. 1361 01:23:33,746 --> 01:23:37,230 He showed me the oxygen, you know, but I messed it up. 1362 01:23:37,410 --> 01:23:40,066 Um, when they opened me up in Scotland, I was unconscious. 1363 01:23:40,332 --> 01:23:42,910 But I pretended I'd been napping. 1364 01:23:43,238 --> 01:23:45,136 Please enjoy your party. 1365 01:23:45,746 --> 01:23:48,660 - Is it big enough? - To end the war? 1366 01:23:49,136 --> 01:23:51,636 To end all war. 1367 01:23:54,496 --> 01:23:58,386 Heisenberg sought me out in Copenhagen. 1368 01:23:58,562 --> 01:24:02,277 I was chilling with my old student working for the Nazis. 1369 01:24:02,382 --> 01:24:06,225 He told me some things to draw me out. 1370 01:24:06,562 --> 01:24:09,562 Sustained fission reactions in uranium. 1371 01:24:09,562 --> 01:24:11,562 That sounds more like a reactor than a bomb. 1372 01:24:11,562 --> 01:24:13,562 Did he mention gaseous diffusion? 1373 01:24:13,562 --> 01:24:16,562 He seemed more focused on heavy water. 1374 01:24:16,562 --> 01:24:19,061 - As a moderator? - Yes, instead of graphite. 1375 01:24:22,046 --> 01:24:23,046 What? 1376 01:24:23,928 --> 01:24:25,642 He took a wrong turn. 1377 01:24:25,767 --> 01:24:26,866 We're ahead. 1378 01:24:26,983 --> 01:24:28,322 And with you here to help us, Niels... 1379 01:24:28,946 --> 01:24:32,584 So could you give us a moment, gentlemen? 1380 01:24:38,298 --> 01:24:41,298 I'm not here to help, Robert. 1381 01:24:41,530 --> 01:24:43,165 I knew you could do this without me. 1382 01:24:43,233 --> 01:24:45,978 - Why did you come? - To talk about after. 1383 01:24:46,178 --> 01:24:49,889 The power you're about to reveal will forever outlive the Nazis. 1384 01:24:50,636 --> 01:24:52,636 And the world is not prepared. 1385 01:24:52,661 --> 01:24:56,319 "You can lift the stone without being ready for the snake that's revealed." 1386 01:24:56,352 --> 01:24:59,352 We have to make the politicians understand this isn't a new weapon. 1387 01:25:00,230 --> 01:25:01,519 It's a new world. 1388 01:25:01,857 --> 01:25:04,474 I'll be out there doing what I can, but you... 1389 01:25:05,160 --> 01:25:07,638 You're an American Prometheus. 1390 01:25:07,847 --> 01:25:11,654 The man who gave them the power to destroy themselves. 1391 01:25:11,792 --> 01:25:13,451 And they'll respect that. 1392 01:25:13,627 --> 01:25:15,377 Then your work really begins. 1393 01:25:20,324 --> 01:25:22,573 I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call. 1394 01:25:24,026 --> 01:25:25,572 From San Francisco. 1395 01:25:32,048 --> 01:25:34,048 Robert! 1396 01:25:36,954 --> 01:25:38,954 Robert? 1397 01:25:38,954 --> 01:25:40,954 Robert. 1398 01:25:40,954 --> 01:25:42,612 Robert. 1399 01:25:42,682 --> 01:25:44,954 What happened? 1400 01:25:46,039 --> 01:25:48,039 Your father called. 1401 01:25:48,289 --> 01:25:50,289 We found her yesterday in the bath. 1402 01:25:51,409 --> 01:25:52,954 Who? 1403 01:25:53,893 --> 01:25:56,954 She's taken pills. Left a note outside. 1404 01:25:58,954 --> 01:26:02,190 She took barbiturates, but there was chloral hydrate in her blood. 1405 01:26:04,807 --> 01:26:06,534 There was a note. 1406 01:26:06,613 --> 01:26:08,643 Jean Tatlock? 1407 01:26:14,074 --> 01:26:16,074 We were together. 1408 01:26:16,480 --> 01:26:18,534 She said she needed me. I... 1409 01:26:20,557 --> 01:26:22,074 I don't know why. [?] 1410 01:26:22,074 --> 01:26:23,596 I wouldn't... 1411 01:26:23,675 --> 01:26:25,346 I don't know why. [?] 1412 01:26:25,700 --> 01:26:27,877 I knew it was me. It was me. 1413 01:26:30,167 --> 01:26:32,112 You don't get to commit sin. 1414 01:26:32,214 --> 01:26:35,346 And then I was all feeling sorry for you, because you had consequences. [?] 1415 01:26:38,534 --> 01:26:41,182 You put yourself together. 1416 01:26:44,763 --> 01:26:46,763 You know, people here depend on you. 1417 01:26:48,994 --> 01:26:51,182 Donald, would you like to contribute here, please? 1418 01:26:51,237 --> 01:26:52,229 You're on your own now. 1419 01:26:52,264 --> 01:26:54,844 I'm not quitting my job because plutonium is radioactive. 1420 01:26:54,914 --> 01:26:58,473 We just don't know what it might do to the female reproductive system. 1421 01:26:58,554 --> 01:27:01,289 Your reproductive system is more exposed than mine, presumably. 1422 01:27:01,351 --> 01:27:03,656 Can we please? The implosion device is nowhere. 1423 01:27:03,742 --> 01:27:05,289 Can't rush everything. Oppie, please. 1424 01:27:05,351 --> 01:27:07,898 Well, there's rushing, and there's getting on with it, so take it easy. 1425 01:27:07,937 --> 01:27:09,828 Wait, wait, wait. Neddermeyer is doing his job. 1426 01:27:09,914 --> 01:27:12,542 Teller's not helping. You're not helping. 1427 01:27:12,601 --> 01:27:15,187 I've been asking for detonations on the implosion lenses for weeks. 1428 01:27:15,265 --> 01:27:17,617 - The British can do it. Fuse. - Absolutely. 1429 01:27:17,692 --> 01:27:20,871 It's your job, Teller. I'm engaged in research. 1430 01:27:20,902 --> 01:27:23,567 On a hydrogen bomb we're not even building! 1431 01:27:31,473 --> 01:27:33,226 I won't work with that man. 1432 01:27:33,226 --> 01:27:35,481 Oh. Let him go. 1433 01:27:35,559 --> 01:27:38,051 - He's a prima donna! - I agree. 1434 01:27:38,101 --> 01:27:40,051 - He should leave Los Alamos. - OK. 1435 01:27:40,495 --> 01:27:43,612 Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer. Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium. 1436 01:27:43,668 --> 01:27:47,051 Lilli, you go up for Kisty. Because he needs you. 1437 01:27:47,137 --> 01:27:51,059 Fuchs, you take Teller's role. I'm putting you exclusively on the implosion device. 1438 01:27:51,358 --> 01:27:55,301 And no one is leaving Los Alamos. 1439 01:28:09,303 --> 01:28:12,973 - They won't let me leave! - No, I won't let you leave. 1440 01:28:14,061 --> 01:28:16,647 Forget Hans, forget fission. 1441 01:28:17,147 --> 01:28:21,920 Stay here, research what you want. Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever. 1442 01:28:22,216 --> 01:28:24,904 We'll need to discuss it. You don't have time to debate. [?] 1443 01:28:25,155 --> 01:28:29,061 You're a politician now, Robert. You've left physics behind many, many years ago. 1444 01:28:30,044 --> 01:28:31,381 Once a week. 1445 01:28:31,841 --> 01:28:33,841 One hour, you and me. 1446 01:28:39,326 --> 01:28:41,428 Now raise this fucking barrier! 1447 01:28:45,873 --> 01:28:49,146 So the super was under development on your watch at Los Alamos? 1448 01:28:49,481 --> 01:28:50,638 Yes. 1449 01:28:51,162 --> 01:28:54,475 And yet, after the war, you tried to deny it was viable. 1450 01:28:54,608 --> 01:28:57,780 No, no, no. I pointed out technical difficulties with it. 1451 01:28:57,990 --> 01:28:59,565 Didn't you try to kill it at the AEC meeting after 1452 01:28:59,589 --> 01:29:01,014 the Russian bomb test? - No. 1453 01:29:01,123 --> 01:29:04,146 But that was the recommendation of the AEC, was it not? 1454 01:29:04,217 --> 01:29:07,146 After hours of discussion about the best response. 1455 01:29:07,403 --> 01:29:12,764 An H-bomb is 1,000 times the power of an A-bomb. 1456 01:29:13,574 --> 01:29:16,990 Its only intended target would be the largest cities. 1457 01:29:17,504 --> 01:29:19,504 - It's a weapon of mass genocide. - Izzy. 1458 01:29:19,589 --> 01:29:21,755 Draw some circles on this side of the map, 1459 01:29:22,022 --> 01:29:25,662 where they would target us, starting in New York. That's D.C. 1460 01:29:25,717 --> 01:29:28,334 It's a weapon of attack with no defensive value. 1461 01:29:28,387 --> 01:29:29,920 - Deterrence. - Deterrence? 1462 01:29:29,990 --> 01:29:33,678 Do we really need more deterrence than our current arsenal of atomic bombs? 1463 01:29:33,780 --> 01:29:37,998 You drown in 10 feet of water or 10,000, what's the difference? 1464 01:29:38,069 --> 01:29:41,504 We can already drown, actually. Hey, that'll get us around this. [?] 1465 01:29:53,186 --> 01:29:57,912 As I said, Teller's designs are still as impractical as they were during the war. 1466 01:29:57,912 --> 01:30:00,712 An hydrogen bomb can be made to work, Oppie. You know that. 1467 01:30:00,712 --> 01:30:03,612 I don't believe we should commit all our resources to that chance. 1468 01:30:03,612 --> 01:30:06,612 Then how would you have Truman reassure the American people? 1469 01:30:06,612 --> 01:30:08,870 Simply by limiting the spread of atomic weapons 1470 01:30:08,894 --> 01:30:11,584 through international control on nuclear energy. 1471 01:30:11,808 --> 01:30:16,308 - By which you mean world government. - The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended. 1472 01:30:16,518 --> 01:30:19,526 Well, I asked what Truman should do, right? 1473 01:30:19,581 --> 01:30:23,808 The world's changed. It's not fascism, but communism, that now threatens our survival. 1474 01:30:24,081 --> 01:30:27,393 Lewis, do you understand, if we build a hydrogen bomb, 1475 01:30:27,510 --> 01:30:29,808 the Russians will have no choice but to build their own? 1476 01:30:29,869 --> 01:30:31,533 Could they be working on one already? 1477 01:30:31,681 --> 01:30:34,308 Based on information gathered from a spy at Los Alamos. 1478 01:30:34,308 --> 01:30:35,808 There's no spy at Los Alamos. 1479 01:30:35,808 --> 01:30:38,064 Gentlemen, let's not get sidetracked. 1480 01:30:38,816 --> 01:30:41,404 I say we use this moment to gain concessions from the Russians 1481 01:30:41,428 --> 01:30:44,433 by committing that we will not build a hydrogen bomb. 1482 01:30:44,494 --> 01:30:48,128 - Thereby revealing its existence. - Which you seem convinced they already know. 1483 01:30:48,296 --> 01:30:49,296 Alright. 1484 01:30:49,425 --> 01:30:52,156 At this point, I'd like the committee members to meet 1485 01:30:52,180 --> 01:30:55,304 in privacy to finalize our recommendations. 1486 01:30:56,554 --> 01:30:59,096 I'm just not sure you want to go down this route, Lewis. 1487 01:30:59,096 --> 01:31:02,273 With respect, we are the advisory committee. We will give them our advice. 1488 01:31:07,718 --> 01:31:10,015 Dr. Oppenheimer? Hi. 1489 01:31:10,390 --> 01:31:13,281 William Borden. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. 1490 01:31:13,325 --> 01:31:14,325 Oh, nice, nice. 1491 01:31:14,669 --> 01:31:16,546 During the war I was a pilot. 1492 01:31:17,234 --> 01:31:21,773 One night, flying back from a raid, I saw an amazing sight. 1493 01:31:21,867 --> 01:31:25,507 I got a meteor. A V2 rocket headed England. 1494 01:31:26,162 --> 01:31:28,363 I can't help but imagine what it will be 1495 01:31:28,387 --> 01:31:32,444 for such an enemy rocket to carry an atomic warhead. 1496 01:31:41,249 --> 01:31:44,382 Let's make sure we're not the ones to make that possible. 1497 01:31:49,740 --> 01:31:52,740 Oppie, I don't think you want to go up against Strauss. 1498 01:31:52,984 --> 01:31:55,218 If we both speak, they'd listen to me. 1499 01:31:55,601 --> 01:31:59,382 When you speak, they hear a prophet. When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves. 1500 01:31:59,585 --> 01:32:01,023 They'll listen to a prophet. 1501 01:32:01,460 --> 01:32:04,146 A prophet can't be wrong. Not once. 1502 01:32:04,648 --> 01:32:07,898 Did you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging the development of the super? 1503 01:32:08,007 --> 01:32:12,146 I was never one of those to bandy around terms like sabotage. 1504 01:32:12,500 --> 01:32:15,773 - And Mr. Borden wasn't? - As I understand it, possibly. 1505 01:32:16,085 --> 01:32:19,671 How was Mr. Borden able to put together such a detailed indictment? 1506 01:32:19,765 --> 01:32:22,390 He was no longer a government employee, but he appears to have had 1507 01:32:22,460 --> 01:32:25,186 unlimited access to Dr. Oppenheimer's file. 1508 01:32:25,311 --> 01:32:30,249 Might Mr. Nichols have given him access to the file? Or someone else at the AEC? 1509 01:32:30,350 --> 01:32:32,343 That's very serious accusations. 1510 01:32:32,936 --> 01:32:37,381 Is it your intention to suggest that Dr. Oppenheimer was disloyal to the United States? 1511 01:32:37,538 --> 01:32:41,874 I've always assumed, and still assume, that he's loyal to the United States. 1512 01:32:42,139 --> 01:32:46,544 I believe this, and I shall believe it, until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 1513 01:32:46,653 --> 01:32:50,788 Do you, or do you not believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 1514 01:32:59,389 --> 01:33:02,544 I think my take is that when Hitler blew his brains out in that bunker, 1515 01:33:02,544 --> 01:33:04,768 it is my humble opinion that there is no need 1516 01:33:04,792 --> 01:33:07,544 for that bomb to be [?] anywhere except that test site. 1517 01:33:08,233 --> 01:33:10,420 Well, we at least have to take a moment to think about 1518 01:33:10,477 --> 01:33:13,952 whether the means justify the ends any longer because... 1519 01:33:16,463 --> 01:33:18,748 Germany is about to surrender. 1520 01:33:20,670 --> 01:33:25,780 It's no longer the enemy who are the greatest threat to mankind. It's our work. 1521 01:33:28,210 --> 01:33:30,616 Hitler's dead. It's true. 1522 01:33:32,358 --> 01:33:33,952 But the Japanese fight hard. 1523 01:33:34,259 --> 01:33:35,725 Their defeat seems assured. 1524 01:33:36,150 --> 01:33:38,569 Not if you're a G.I. preparing to invade. 1525 01:33:39,873 --> 01:33:41,139 We can end this war. 1526 01:33:41,264 --> 01:33:44,420 But how do we justify using this weapon on human beings? 1527 01:33:47,581 --> 01:33:48,781 We're theorists, 1528 01:33:49,596 --> 01:33:50,396 yes? 1529 01:33:51,709 --> 01:33:56,397 We imagine a future, and our imaginings horrify us. 1530 01:33:57,003 --> 01:33:59,346 They won't fear it until they understand it, 1531 01:33:59,432 --> 01:34:01,995 and they won't understand it until they've used it. 1532 01:34:02,253 --> 01:34:05,479 When the world learns the terrible secret of Los Alamos, 1533 01:34:06,073 --> 01:34:09,464 our work here will ensure a peace mankind has never seen. 1534 01:34:09,698 --> 01:34:15,088 A peace based on the kind of international cooperation that Roosevelt always envisaged. 1535 01:34:19,878 --> 01:34:23,213 - Progress? - Two years and a billion dollars' worth. 1536 01:34:24,050 --> 01:34:27,002 - Hard to put a price on it. - Not really, just add up the bills. 1537 01:34:27,002 --> 01:34:30,791 Rural free deliveries. 80 babies delivered the first year. 1538 01:34:31,321 --> 01:34:33,376 This year we've had 10 a month. 1539 01:34:33,791 --> 01:34:35,002 Birth control? 1540 01:34:35,002 --> 01:34:37,002 That's a bit out of my jurisdiction, General. 1541 01:34:37,392 --> 01:34:39,392 Clearly. 1542 01:34:44,541 --> 01:34:47,971 Head down. Folks, head down. 1543 01:34:54,877 --> 01:34:56,337 That's the bomb. 1544 01:34:56,432 --> 01:34:58,001 Two viable bombs. 1545 01:34:58,026 --> 01:35:00,007 I need a date. 1546 01:35:01,695 --> 01:35:02,695 September. 1547 01:35:02,976 --> 01:35:03,976 July. 1548 01:35:04,351 --> 01:35:06,351 That's the sweet spot, gentlemen. 1549 01:35:06,578 --> 01:35:07,578 August. 1550 01:35:08,190 --> 01:35:09,578 July. 1551 01:35:10,000 --> 01:35:11,815 Tests in July. 1552 01:35:12,045 --> 01:35:14,045 But I need my brother. 1553 01:35:17,500 --> 01:35:20,080 Frank goes to the desert. He's left politics behind. 1554 01:35:20,143 --> 01:35:22,127 He's been working with Lawrence for two years. 1555 01:35:29,000 --> 01:35:31,000 What do we call the test? 1556 01:35:32,190 --> 01:35:34,000 "Batter my heart, 1557 01:35:34,135 --> 01:35:35,690 three-person God." 1558 01:35:35,780 --> 01:35:37,096 What? 1559 01:35:38,291 --> 01:35:39,401 Trinity. 1560 01:35:47,299 --> 01:35:50,533 You insisted on bringing on your brother Frank, a known communist. 1561 01:35:50,634 --> 01:35:52,165 Former communist. 1562 01:35:52,455 --> 01:35:54,673 You brought a known former communist... 1563 01:35:54,884 --> 01:35:58,119 onto America's most secret and important defense project. 1564 01:35:58,244 --> 01:36:01,212 I knew my brother could be trusted. Absolutely. 1565 01:36:01,447 --> 01:36:04,790 And you felt your judgment was sound on who on the team could be trusted? 1566 01:36:05,280 --> 01:36:07,009 Folks, head down. 1567 01:36:07,280 --> 01:36:08,837 Everybody ready? 1568 01:36:18,080 --> 01:36:20,584 - I hope you learned something. - Yeah, we've learned we're gonna need 1569 01:36:20,608 --> 01:36:23,087 to be a lot further away. - Well, figure it out, fast. 1570 01:36:23,248 --> 01:36:25,955 We leave for Washington in the morning. We're going to give him a date. 1571 01:36:40,939 --> 01:36:43,080 You're a long way from Chicago, Leo. 1572 01:36:43,142 --> 01:36:45,892 If we don't act now, they're going to use this thing against Japan. 1573 01:36:46,205 --> 01:36:49,244 We booked a meeting with Truman, but somebody killed it. 1574 01:36:49,556 --> 01:36:51,642 You're meeting the Secretary of War. 1575 01:36:51,712 --> 01:36:55,447 Just because we're building it, doesn't mean we get to decide how it's used. 1576 01:36:56,017 --> 01:36:58,446 History will judge us from Earth. 1577 01:36:58,837 --> 01:37:01,018 In Chicago, we put together a petition. 1578 01:37:01,689 --> 01:37:03,689 I'm not... I'm not getting into this. 1579 01:37:08,244 --> 01:37:10,314 Just tell me your concerns, and I will allay them. 1580 01:37:10,384 --> 01:37:13,033 My concerns? Germany's defeated. 1581 01:37:13,181 --> 01:37:14,962 Japan's not going to hold out alone. 1582 01:37:15,033 --> 01:37:17,236 How could you know that? You got us into this. 1583 01:37:17,369 --> 01:37:20,486 You and Einstein, with your letter to Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb. 1584 01:37:20,551 --> 01:37:21,626 Against Germany? 1585 01:37:21,654 --> 01:37:24,329 That's not how weapons manufacture works, Szilard. 1586 01:37:24,517 --> 01:37:25,884 Oppie, you have to help. 1587 01:37:25,939 --> 01:37:27,829 Fermi's in the meeting. Lawrence is in the meeting. 1588 01:37:27,876 --> 01:37:32,986 They're not you. You're the great salesman of science. You can convince anyone of anything. 1589 01:37:34,276 --> 01:37:35,670 Even yourself. 1590 01:37:35,694 --> 01:37:37,276 Excuse me. 1591 01:37:38,440 --> 01:37:43,353 The firestorm in Tokyo killed 100,000 people, mostly civilians. 1592 01:37:44,087 --> 01:37:47,548 I worry about America when we do these things and no one protests. 1593 01:37:47,720 --> 01:37:50,907 Pearl Harbor, and three years of brutal conflict in the Pacific, 1594 01:37:51,033 --> 01:37:53,603 buys a lot of latitude with the American public. 1595 01:37:53,916 --> 01:37:57,908 - Enough to unleash the atomic bomb? - The A-bomb might not cause as much damage 1596 01:37:57,947 --> 01:38:00,587 as the Tokyo bomb, yes. - What are we estimating? 1597 01:38:00,851 --> 01:38:02,869 In a medium-sized city, ah, 1598 01:38:03,329 --> 01:38:05,587 20, or 30,000 dead. 1599 01:38:05,822 --> 01:38:11,353 Yes, but don't underestimate the psychological impact of an atomic explosion. 1600 01:38:11,813 --> 01:38:15,119 A pillar of fire, 10,000 feet tall, 1601 01:38:15,627 --> 01:38:17,627 deadly neutron effects for a mile, 1602 01:38:17,720 --> 01:38:21,556 in all directions, from one single device. 1603 01:38:21,774 --> 01:38:25,322 Dropped from a barely-noticed B-29, the atomic bomb will be... 1604 01:38:26,439 --> 01:38:29,056 a terrible revelation of divine power. 1605 01:38:29,689 --> 01:38:32,232 If that's true, it would be definitive. 1606 01:38:32,232 --> 01:38:34,232 World War II would be over. 1607 01:38:34,232 --> 01:38:36,032 Our boys would come home. 1608 01:38:36,032 --> 01:38:38,232 Military targets? 1609 01:38:38,232 --> 01:38:40,332 But there aren't any big enough. 1610 01:38:40,332 --> 01:38:46,158 Perhaps a vital war plant with workers housed nearby. 1611 01:38:46,290 --> 01:38:49,032 And we could issue a warning to reduce civilian casualties. 1612 01:38:49,236 --> 01:38:53,224 They'd send everything they have up against us, and I'd be up in that plane. 1613 01:38:53,383 --> 01:38:56,270 If we announce it, and it fails to go off, 1614 01:38:56,399 --> 01:38:59,039 we'd scupper any chance of a Japanese surrender. 1615 01:38:59,345 --> 01:39:03,486 Is there no way to demonstrate a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender? 1616 01:39:03,569 --> 01:39:06,814 We intend to demonstrate it in the most unambiguous terms. 1617 01:39:06,977 --> 01:39:07,977 Twice. 1618 01:39:08,032 --> 01:39:09,884 Once to show the weapon's power, 1619 01:39:09,954 --> 01:39:13,500 and a second to show that we can keep doing this until they surrender. 1620 01:39:13,632 --> 01:39:16,368 We have a list of 12 cities to choose from. 1621 01:39:16,832 --> 01:39:18,657 Sorry, 11. 1622 01:39:18,832 --> 01:39:20,832 I've taken Kyoto off the list, 1623 01:39:20,832 --> 01:39:23,672 due to its cultural significance to the Japanese people. 1624 01:39:24,353 --> 01:39:27,039 Also, my wife and I honeymooned there. 1625 01:39:27,432 --> 01:39:29,432 It's a magnificent city. 1626 01:39:32,106 --> 01:39:33,762 Let me make this simple for you, gentlemen. 1627 01:39:33,848 --> 01:39:36,450 According to my intelligence, which I cannot share with you, 1628 01:39:36,450 --> 01:39:38,450 the Japanese people will not surrender, 1629 01:39:38,450 --> 01:39:40,450 under any circumstances, 1630 01:39:40,450 --> 01:39:43,450 short of a successful and total invasion of the home islands. 1631 01:39:43,450 --> 01:39:46,450 Many lives will be lost, American and Japanese. 1632 01:39:46,450 --> 01:39:50,450 The use of the atomic bomb on Japanese cities will save lives. 1633 01:39:50,450 --> 01:39:53,450 If we retain moral advantage. 1634 01:39:53,839 --> 01:39:54,839 How so? 1635 01:39:54,864 --> 01:39:57,168 Well, if we use this weapon without informing our allies, 1636 01:39:57,254 --> 01:39:59,551 they'll see it as a threat, and we'll be in an arms race. 1637 01:39:59,770 --> 01:40:01,770 How open can we be with the Soviets? 1638 01:40:01,887 --> 01:40:05,762 Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from becoming part of the atomic world. 1639 01:40:05,895 --> 01:40:09,450 - We've been told they had no uranium. - You've been misinformed. 1640 01:40:09,450 --> 01:40:11,450 A Russian bomb is a matter of time. 1641 01:40:11,450 --> 01:40:14,450 The program needs to continue at full pace after the war. 1642 01:40:15,356 --> 01:40:19,207 Secretary Simpson, if I may, not all scientists 1643 01:40:19,520 --> 01:40:21,215 on the project are in agreement. 1644 01:40:21,301 --> 01:40:24,168 In fact, this might be a moment to consider other opinions. 1645 01:40:24,356 --> 01:40:26,696 If you talk to scientists... - The Manhattan Project has been plagued 1646 01:40:26,738 --> 01:40:32,527 from the start by certain scientists of doubtful discretion, and uncertain loyalty. 1647 01:40:32,613 --> 01:40:34,450 One of 'em just tried to meet with the President. 1648 01:40:34,590 --> 01:40:36,078 Now, we need these men, 1649 01:40:36,102 --> 01:40:37,813 but as soon as it's practical, 1650 01:40:37,863 --> 01:40:41,863 we should sever any such scientists from the program. Wouldn't you agree, Doctor? 1651 01:40:42,784 --> 01:40:45,184 If a Russian bomb is inevitable, 1652 01:40:45,184 --> 01:40:48,184 perhaps we should invite their top scientist to Trinity. 1653 01:40:48,184 --> 01:40:51,856 President Truman has no intention of raising expectations 1654 01:40:51,880 --> 01:40:54,684 that Stalin be included in the atomic project. 1655 01:40:54,684 --> 01:40:56,084 Informing him of our breakthrough, 1656 01:40:56,084 --> 01:40:58,084 and presenting it as a means to win the war, 1657 01:40:58,084 --> 01:40:59,930 need not make unkeepable promises. 1658 01:41:00,125 --> 01:41:02,368 But, the Potsdam Peace Conference in July 1659 01:41:02,407 --> 01:41:05,852 will be President Truman's last chance to have that conversation. 1660 01:41:06,384 --> 01:41:08,891 Can you give us a working bomb by then? 1661 01:41:09,284 --> 01:41:10,484 Absolutely. 1662 01:41:10,484 --> 01:41:12,938 We will test fire before the conference. 1663 01:41:17,258 --> 01:41:23,688 Ground zero. Observation posts at 10,000 yards, north, south, and west. 1664 01:41:23,727 --> 01:41:26,137 - Where do we trigger from? - South, 10,000. 1665 01:41:26,628 --> 01:41:30,135 And base camp is 10 miles south here. 1666 01:41:30,300 --> 01:41:35,800 And there's a further observation post on that hill, 20 miles away. 1667 01:41:35,800 --> 01:41:38,065 That's right. Trigger lines already went in. 1668 01:41:38,135 --> 01:41:41,956 The Air Force requested a line of flights for their B-29. 1669 01:41:42,050 --> 01:41:44,198 What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower. 1670 01:41:44,409 --> 01:41:45,702 They want to use the test 1671 01:41:45,726 --> 01:41:47,800 to confirm a safe operating distance. - That's risky. 1672 01:41:48,226 --> 01:41:50,027 But not as risky as dropping one over Japan, 1673 01:41:50,104 --> 01:41:52,097 and hoping that we were right about the blast radius. 1674 01:41:52,183 --> 01:41:54,534 Don't let 'em slow us down, we're firing on the 15th. 1675 01:41:54,613 --> 01:41:57,214 The 15th? That's the 15th. 1676 01:41:58,549 --> 01:41:59,549 15th. 1677 01:42:00,777 --> 01:42:02,843 So I'll be here at South Observation Point 1678 01:42:02,867 --> 01:42:04,558 with Frank and Kistiakowsky. 1679 01:42:04,589 --> 01:42:11,066 You'll all be assigned to Base Camp, West Observation, or Far Observation. 1680 01:42:20,550 --> 01:42:23,042 No, no! Carefully, all right? 1681 01:42:25,575 --> 01:42:27,706 Are those safe distances? 1682 01:42:27,771 --> 01:42:29,511 They're based on your calculations. 1683 01:42:29,568 --> 01:42:32,628 Time to stand behind your science, Hans. Literally. 1684 01:43:01,274 --> 01:43:03,274 What about the radiation cloud? 1685 01:43:03,274 --> 01:43:06,613 Without high winds, it should settle within 2-3 miles. 1686 01:43:06,714 --> 01:43:08,274 Evacuation measures are in place. 1687 01:43:08,274 --> 01:43:12,274 But we need good weather for visibility, so it has to be fine. 1688 01:43:13,274 --> 01:43:14,274 Everybody out! 1689 01:43:24,802 --> 01:43:27,633 - Go on the night of the 15th. - It's a hard deadline. 1690 01:43:27,728 --> 01:43:30,617 So if anyone has anything, speak now. 1691 01:43:31,998 --> 01:43:34,419 Okay, stop! Now everybody, mattresses. 1692 01:43:34,755 --> 01:43:36,888 Put those mattresses there underneath. 1693 01:43:53,567 --> 01:43:56,680 [Could this be our] final implosion test? 1694 01:43:57,818 --> 01:44:00,153 - [It's not too much.] - Do it. 1695 01:44:01,584 --> 01:44:03,939 Is there anything else that might stop us? 1696 01:44:38,390 --> 01:44:40,390 That's happening, isn't it? 1697 01:44:41,956 --> 01:44:43,911 I'll send a message, 1698 01:44:43,944 --> 01:44:46,120 if it's gone our way, 1699 01:44:47,203 --> 01:44:49,203 "Take in the sheets." 1700 01:44:52,257 --> 01:44:54,257 Robert. 1701 01:44:56,578 --> 01:44:58,578 I'm glad. 1702 01:46:03,272 --> 01:46:06,455 Oppie's [betting on] a very modest three kilotons. 1703 01:46:06,564 --> 01:46:09,062 - Teller's, he was 45. - 20! 1704 01:46:09,062 --> 01:46:11,287 20,000 tons of TNT. 1705 01:46:11,334 --> 01:46:14,402 And does anyone want the side action on atmospheric ignition? 1706 01:46:17,397 --> 01:46:20,397 - Are you saying we'll have to delay? - I was saying it would be prudent. 1707 01:46:20,473 --> 01:46:22,280 This weather hasn't reached the site. 1708 01:46:27,600 --> 01:46:29,664 [Teller's?] calling to tell you the implosion test failed. 1709 01:46:29,749 --> 01:46:32,287 Hello, Hans? Yes, he's here. 1710 01:46:33,152 --> 01:46:34,152 Yes. 1711 01:46:36,872 --> 01:46:37,872 Is he wrong? 1712 01:46:38,072 --> 01:46:39,072 No. No. 1713 01:46:41,232 --> 01:46:42,858 So we're about to fire a dud. 1714 01:46:43,312 --> 01:46:44,741 - No. - Explain! 1715 01:46:44,870 --> 01:46:46,270 Well, I can't. I just, I... 1716 01:46:46,342 --> 01:46:48,881 I just know, I know the implosion lenses will work. 1717 01:46:48,967 --> 01:46:51,392 If we fire these detonators and they don't trigger a reaction, 1718 01:46:51,472 --> 01:46:54,672 two years' worth of plutonium will be scattered across White Sands. 1719 01:46:54,832 --> 01:46:57,792 A month of my salary against ten bucks, says it starts. 1720 01:46:58,752 --> 01:46:59,752 Jesus. 1721 01:47:06,459 --> 01:47:09,665 The winds pickin' up at zero, not the rain. Lightning's circling. 1722 01:47:09,940 --> 01:47:12,253 Think it might be time to tell your men to get away 1723 01:47:12,277 --> 01:47:14,783 from the steel tower with the atomic bomb. 1724 01:47:17,940 --> 01:47:19,451 Let's get to South Observation. 1725 01:47:19,529 --> 01:47:22,139 Pull 'em out, and we make our determination there. 1726 01:47:27,690 --> 01:47:29,690 The team hasn't slept for two nights! 1727 01:47:29,690 --> 01:47:32,928 If we stop now and leave the bomb safe, we won't be back here for weeks! 1728 01:47:33,014 --> 01:47:37,842 Then we'll miss Potsdam! I gotta get word to Truman by seven, our window's closing. 1729 01:47:37,904 --> 01:47:40,053 - What is this doing? - Raining, blowing, lightning. 1730 01:47:40,131 --> 01:47:42,334 - For how long, damnit? - Hold strong! 1731 01:47:42,428 --> 01:47:44,920 - It won't be before dawn. - How could you know that? 1732 01:47:44,990 --> 01:47:48,334 I know this, Ted. The storm cools overnight, just before dawn. Storm breaks. 1733 01:47:48,584 --> 01:47:49,662 You could be right, but 1734 01:47:49,686 --> 01:47:51,904 schedule as late as possible. - Five-thirty. 1735 01:47:52,287 --> 01:47:55,076 Sign your forecast. If you're wrong, I'll hang you. 1736 01:47:55,178 --> 01:47:58,412 - Tell 'em all. Five-thirty. - Five-thirty, five-thirty! 1737 01:48:00,881 --> 01:48:05,647 Three years, four thousand people, two billion dollars. 1738 01:48:05,795 --> 01:48:09,998 So it doesn't go off. We're both finished. 1739 01:48:12,170 --> 01:48:14,170 I'm betting on three kilotons. 1740 01:48:15,030 --> 01:48:17,030 Anything less, I won't get what it is. 1741 01:48:17,772 --> 01:48:21,265 Now, what did Fermi mean by, uh, atmospheric ignition? 1742 01:48:21,413 --> 01:48:23,792 Well, we had a moment where it looked like the chain reaction 1743 01:48:23,823 --> 01:48:26,576 from an atomic device might never stop. 1744 01:48:27,249 --> 01:48:28,968 Setting fire to the atmosphere. 1745 01:48:28,968 --> 01:48:31,968 And was Fermi still taking side bets on it? 1746 01:48:31,968 --> 01:48:34,241 Call it gallows humor. 1747 01:48:37,272 --> 01:48:43,280 Are we saying there's a chance that when we push that button, we destroy the world? 1748 01:48:43,388 --> 01:48:46,314 Nothing in our research over three years supports that conclusion, 1749 01:48:46,338 --> 01:48:50,247 except it's the most remote possibility. 1750 01:48:50,607 --> 01:48:53,279 - How remote? - Chances are near zero. 1751 01:48:54,254 --> 01:48:55,771 Near zero? 1752 01:48:56,529 --> 01:48:59,177 What do you want from theory alone? 1753 01:49:00,631 --> 01:49:02,631 Zero would be nice. 1754 01:49:05,824 --> 01:49:08,783 In exactly one hour... 1755 01:49:08,825 --> 01:49:12,552 and 58 minutes, we'll know. 1756 01:49:18,351 --> 01:49:19,491 It's going up. 1757 01:49:32,305 --> 01:49:34,610 The army party's left zero, they're heading this way. 1758 01:49:34,610 --> 01:49:35,610 Throw in your switches. 1759 01:49:35,610 --> 01:49:38,867 - Turn the cars! - Ready for emergency evacuation. 1760 01:50:00,398 --> 01:50:02,226 Everybody take a welder's glass. 1761 01:50:03,367 --> 01:50:05,226 Everybody take a welders glass. 1762 01:50:56,382 --> 01:50:58,061 Twenty minutes. 1763 01:51:01,668 --> 01:51:03,053 Twenty minutes! 1764 01:51:14,165 --> 01:51:15,952 That's 20! 1765 01:51:18,705 --> 01:51:20,483 I'd like a drink. 1766 01:51:21,338 --> 01:51:23,338 - Feynman? - No. 1767 01:51:23,642 --> 01:51:25,642 The glass stops the UV. 1768 01:51:26,061 --> 01:51:28,072 What stops the glass? 1769 01:51:29,087 --> 01:51:30,350 I'll head to base camp. 1770 01:51:30,483 --> 01:51:32,030 Best of luck. 1771 01:51:32,338 --> 01:51:33,338 Robert? 1772 01:51:35,027 --> 01:51:37,027 Try not to blow up the world. 1773 01:51:48,308 --> 01:51:51,050 - [Push?] that needle. - If the detonators don't charge, 1774 01:51:51,167 --> 01:51:55,707 and the voltage drops below one volt, you hit that button, you abort. Understood? 1775 01:51:56,284 --> 01:51:57,284 Understood. 1776 01:52:04,690 --> 01:52:06,746 Two minutes to detonation. 1777 01:52:07,222 --> 01:52:08,222 Everybody down! 1778 01:52:09,135 --> 01:52:11,855 Do not turn around until you see light reflected on the hills. 1779 01:52:12,964 --> 01:52:15,894 Then look at the explosion only through your welder's glass. 1780 01:52:15,935 --> 01:52:17,935 90 seconds to detonation. 1781 01:52:19,941 --> 01:52:22,519 80 seconds to detonation. 1782 01:52:23,238 --> 01:52:24,472 Is it plugged in? [?] 1783 01:52:25,339 --> 01:52:26,339 Yeah. 1784 01:52:32,761 --> 01:52:36,277 60 seconds to detonation. 1785 01:52:50,589 --> 01:52:52,599 These things are hard on your heart. 1786 01:52:52,624 --> 01:52:54,624 Thirty seconds. 1787 01:52:59,294 --> 01:53:01,013 Detonators primed! 1788 01:53:10,841 --> 01:53:12,051 Seventeen, 1789 01:53:12,138 --> 01:53:13,364 sixteen, 1790 01:53:13,872 --> 01:53:15,082 fifteen, 1791 01:53:15,411 --> 01:53:16,621 fourteen, 1792 01:53:17,451 --> 01:53:18,661 thirteen, 1793 01:53:19,232 --> 01:53:20,442 twelve, 1794 01:53:20,841 --> 01:53:22,051 eleven, 1795 01:53:22,576 --> 01:53:23,786 ten, 1796 01:53:24,574 --> 01:53:25,638 nine, 1797 01:53:26,458 --> 01:53:27,668 eight, 1798 01:53:28,723 --> 01:53:29,933 seven, 1799 01:53:30,982 --> 01:53:32,192 six, 1800 01:53:34,059 --> 01:53:35,269 five, 1801 01:53:36,614 --> 01:53:37,824 four, 1802 01:53:39,490 --> 01:53:40,700 three, 1803 01:53:41,896 --> 01:53:43,106 two, 1804 01:53:44,254 --> 01:53:45,464 one. 1805 01:54:27,371 --> 01:54:29,666 Are you dreaming of buying something big, like this? 1806 01:54:29,666 --> 01:54:32,166 1XBet gets you the money for your project right now. 1807 01:54:32,166 --> 01:54:35,086 Play any game, whether it's poker or casino, 1808 01:54:35,086 --> 01:54:37,326 play cybersport, or play slot, 1809 01:54:37,326 --> 01:54:39,726 and you can build any rice cooker you want. 1810 01:54:39,726 --> 01:54:44,086 Go to 1xbet's website and get a 100% bonus on your first deposit. 1811 01:55:17,176 --> 01:55:19,457 "And now I am become Death, 1812 01:55:21,846 --> 01:55:23,846 the destroyer of worlds." 1813 01:55:56,339 --> 01:55:57,824 It worked. 1814 01:56:32,947 --> 01:56:34,778 You owe me 10 dollars! 1815 01:56:37,035 --> 01:56:37,760 Go on! 1816 01:56:37,760 --> 01:56:39,760 I'm good for it, [?] Kisty. 1817 01:56:40,681 --> 01:56:41,681 You are! 1818 01:56:42,611 --> 01:56:44,082 Yes, you are! 1819 01:57:20,868 --> 01:57:22,994 Get me Potsdam right away. 1820 01:57:34,135 --> 01:57:35,822 Send a message to Kitty. 1821 01:57:36,074 --> 01:57:38,689 - We can't say anything. - Tell her to take in the sheets. 1822 01:57:53,853 --> 01:57:55,697 - Hello? - Hi, Kitty? 1823 01:57:55,728 --> 01:57:57,978 What? What? Charlotte? Charlotte, go ahead. 1824 01:57:58,069 --> 01:58:00,353 Oh, um, well, I don't know. 1825 01:58:00,454 --> 01:58:03,228 He's just told me to tell you to bring in the sheets. 1826 01:58:05,658 --> 01:58:06,658 Kitty? 1827 01:58:17,954 --> 01:58:21,146 If the antennae are too high in the air, the blast won't be as powerful. 1828 01:58:21,393 --> 01:58:25,150 With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer, we'll take it from here. 1829 01:58:35,374 --> 01:58:37,710 Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam? 1830 01:58:38,304 --> 01:58:40,788 The brief would be an overstatement. 1831 01:58:40,849 --> 01:58:45,849 He referred to a powerful new weapon, to Stalin. 1832 01:58:46,992 --> 01:58:50,390 The culprit used it against Japan. 1833 01:58:50,992 --> 01:58:51,992 That's it? 1834 01:58:52,742 --> 01:58:56,241 Robert, we've given them an ace. It's for them to play the hand. 1835 01:58:58,303 --> 01:58:59,920 You're aiming for the sixth ? 1836 01:59:00,538 --> 01:59:02,960 It's up to the COO [?] in the Pacific. 1837 01:59:03,992 --> 01:59:05,992 Should I come with you to Washington? 1838 01:59:07,390 --> 01:59:08,390 What for? 1839 01:59:10,875 --> 01:59:12,875 Will you keep me informed? 1840 01:59:13,906 --> 01:59:14,906 Of course. 1841 01:59:16,876 --> 01:59:18,491 As best I can. 1842 01:59:35,938 --> 01:59:38,907 Would the Japanese surrender if they knew what was coming? 1843 01:59:39,722 --> 01:59:41,063 I don't know. 1844 01:59:43,517 --> 01:59:45,524 Have you seen Szilard's petition? 1845 01:59:45,712 --> 01:59:48,220 How the hell does Szilard know about the Japanese? 1846 01:59:48,352 --> 01:59:50,066 You're not signing it, are you? 1847 01:59:50,424 --> 01:59:52,424 Many people have. A lot of people. 1848 01:59:52,853 --> 01:59:53,861 Edward, 1849 01:59:55,282 --> 01:59:59,907 the fact that we built this bomb does not give us any more right or responsibility. 1850 01:59:59,984 --> 02:00:02,196 to decide how it's used, and anyone else. 1851 02:00:02,305 --> 02:00:04,305 But we're the only people who know about it. 1852 02:00:04,633 --> 02:00:07,508 I've told Stimson the various opinions of the community. 1853 02:00:07,703 --> 02:00:09,368 I thought it's your opinion? 1854 02:00:10,454 --> 02:00:11,649 Once it's used, 1855 02:00:12,751 --> 02:00:14,353 nuclear war, perhaps... 1856 02:00:15,126 --> 02:00:16,329 all war, 1857 02:00:17,735 --> 02:00:19,626 becomes unthinkable. 1858 02:00:19,836 --> 02:00:21,836 Until somebody builds a bigger one. 1859 02:00:42,407 --> 02:00:43,804 I thought they would call. 1860 02:00:43,852 --> 02:00:45,399 It's only the fifth. 1861 02:00:47,946 --> 02:00:49,946 In Japan, it's the sixth. 1862 02:01:02,278 --> 02:01:03,946 Charlotte? 1863 02:01:05,743 --> 02:01:07,383 Try Groves. 1864 02:01:08,297 --> 02:01:09,836 Anything? 1865 02:01:11,680 --> 02:01:12,787 Charlotte? 1866 02:01:12,842 --> 02:01:14,641 Truman's on the radio. 1867 02:01:15,415 --> 02:01:17,532 Sixteen hours ago, 1868 02:01:17,967 --> 02:01:20,311 an American airplane 1869 02:01:20,405 --> 02:01:23,475 dropped one bomb on Hiroshima, 1870 02:01:24,849 --> 02:01:28,052 and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. 1871 02:01:29,951 --> 02:01:35,849 That bomb has more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. 1872 02:01:37,795 --> 02:01:40,022 It is an atomic bomb. 1873 02:01:42,310 --> 02:01:47,131 It is the harnessing of the basic power of the universe. 1874 02:01:49,343 --> 02:01:50,752 Groves, line one. 1875 02:01:56,133 --> 02:01:57,133 General? 1876 02:01:57,446 --> 02:01:59,679 I'm very proud of you, and all of your people. 1877 02:02:00,227 --> 02:02:01,227 It went alright. 1878 02:02:01,517 --> 02:02:04,322 Apparently it went with a tremendous bang. 1879 02:02:05,338 --> 02:02:09,221 Oh. Everyone here is feeling reasonably good about it. 1880 02:02:10,928 --> 02:02:12,328 It's been a long road. 1881 02:02:12,360 --> 02:02:14,673 I think one of the wisest things I ever did 1882 02:02:14,697 --> 02:02:17,489 was when I selected the director of Los Alamos. 1883 02:02:20,441 --> 02:02:24,121 We have spent more than two billion dollars 1884 02:02:24,146 --> 02:02:28,146 on the greatest scientific gamble in history, 1885 02:02:28,740 --> 02:02:30,740 and we have won. 1886 02:02:34,684 --> 02:02:38,724 Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! 1887 02:03:56,874 --> 02:03:58,218 The world... 1888 02:03:59,852 --> 02:04:01,328 will remember this day. 1889 02:04:19,927 --> 02:04:21,927 It's too soon to... 1890 02:04:21,996 --> 02:04:23,996 It's too soon to determine 1891 02:04:24,021 --> 02:04:26,021 what the results of the bombing are. 1892 02:04:29,084 --> 02:04:31,084 But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it. 1893 02:04:51,092 --> 02:04:52,888 I'm so proud. 1894 02:04:53,732 --> 02:04:56,365 So proud of what you have accomplished. 1895 02:05:03,277 --> 02:05:06,300 I just wish we had it in time to use against the Germans. 1896 02:06:53,184 --> 02:06:54,294 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1897 02:06:55,748 --> 02:06:56,858 Dr. Oppenheimer? 1898 02:06:58,122 --> 02:06:59,490 Nice picture. [?] 1899 02:06:59,891 --> 02:07:01,891 President Truman will see you now. 1900 02:07:15,526 --> 02:07:18,313 Doctor Oppenheimer, it's an honor. 1901 02:07:18,360 --> 02:07:20,406 - Mr. President. - Please. 1902 02:07:20,430 --> 02:07:21,430 Thank you. 1903 02:07:22,042 --> 02:07:23,042 Secretary Byrnes. 1904 02:07:25,721 --> 02:07:29,065 How's it feel to be the most famous man in the world? 1905 02:07:29,526 --> 02:07:32,276 Now, you helped save a lot of American lives. 1906 02:07:32,815 --> 02:07:36,760 - What we did at Hiroshima was... - And Nagasaki. 1907 02:07:37,838 --> 02:07:39,323 Obviously. 1908 02:07:39,901 --> 02:07:42,948 Your invention let us bring our boys home. 1909 02:07:43,034 --> 02:07:46,292 Well, it was hardly... my invention. 1910 02:07:46,384 --> 02:07:48,916 It was. You're on the cover of Time. 1911 02:07:51,372 --> 02:07:54,573 Jim tells me you're concerned about an arms race for the Soviets. 1912 02:07:54,989 --> 02:07:56,989 Ah, yes, ah, 1913 02:07:59,174 --> 02:08:03,127 It's that, uh, now is our chance to secure... 1914 02:08:04,237 --> 02:08:09,182 international cooperation on atomic energy, and-and-and I'm concerned... 1915 02:08:09,463 --> 02:08:12,260 Do you know when the Soviets are gonna have the bomb? 1916 02:08:12,416 --> 02:08:14,057 I don't think I could give you... 1917 02:08:14,111 --> 02:08:15,111 Never! 1918 02:08:16,259 --> 02:08:17,259 Never. 1919 02:08:17,659 --> 02:08:22,813 Mr. President, the Russians have good physicists, and abundant resources- 1920 02:08:22,852 --> 02:08:24,759 - Abundant? - Yes. 1921 02:08:25,416 --> 02:08:27,282 I don't think so. 1922 02:08:27,416 --> 02:08:30,416 Well, they'll put everything they have... 1923 02:08:34,571 --> 02:08:38,282 I hear you're leaving Los Alamos. 1924 02:08:39,321 --> 02:08:40,844 What should we do with it? 1925 02:08:40,869 --> 02:08:42,869 Give it back to the Indians. 1926 02:08:50,204 --> 02:08:53,158 Um, Dr. Oppenheimer... 1927 02:08:53,618 --> 02:08:56,276 if what you say about the Soviets is true, 1928 02:08:56,663 --> 02:09:01,046 we have to build up Los Alamos, not shut it down. 1929 02:09:04,296 --> 02:09:08,003 Mr. President, ehm.. 1930 02:09:11,144 --> 02:09:15,003 I feel that I have blood on my hands. 1931 02:09:34,035 --> 02:09:37,418 You think anyone in Hiroshima, or... 1932 02:09:38,103 --> 02:09:42,449 Nagasaki, gives a shit who built the bomb? 1933 02:09:45,792 --> 02:09:49,910 They care who dropped it. I did. 1934 02:09:52,493 --> 02:09:55,386 Hiroshima isn't about you. 1935 02:10:00,976 --> 02:10:02,976 Dr. Oppenheimer. 1936 02:10:13,782 --> 02:10:16,782 Don't let that crybaby back in here! 1937 02:10:21,516 --> 02:10:24,516 Robert saw that hand-wringing got him nowhere. 1938 02:10:25,391 --> 02:10:26,679 By the time I met him, 1939 02:10:26,742 --> 02:10:29,804 he'd fully embraced his "Father of the Bomb" reputation. 1940 02:10:30,437 --> 02:10:33,437 Used his profile to influence policy. 1941 02:10:41,874 --> 02:10:43,425 Doctor, in the years following the war, 1942 02:10:43,449 --> 02:10:47,392 would you say that you exerted a great influence on the atomic policies of the USA? 1943 02:10:47,392 --> 02:10:49,792 I think "great" would be an overstatement. 1944 02:10:49,792 --> 02:10:51,992 Really? What about the issue of isotopes? 1945 02:10:51,992 --> 02:10:55,692 Were you not personally responsible for destroying all opposition to their export? 1946 02:10:55,929 --> 02:10:58,092 ...Could use a bottle of beer, 1947 02:10:58,092 --> 02:11:00,292 in making atomic weapons. In fact, you do. 1948 02:11:00,374 --> 02:11:04,179 I was the spokesman, but the opinion among scientists was unanimous. 1949 02:11:04,292 --> 02:11:07,992 All along, with McCarthy on the rise, he knew he was vulnerable. 1950 02:11:08,101 --> 02:11:12,195 His brother was blacklisted by every university in the country. 1951 02:11:13,078 --> 02:11:16,336 Lomanitz went to working on the railroad, laying track. 1952 02:11:18,000 --> 02:11:20,664 Chevalier went into exile. 1953 02:11:22,023 --> 02:11:27,245 But none of that stopped Robert from pushing the GAC to recommend arms control, 1954 02:11:27,269 --> 02:11:29,374 instead of the H-Bomb. 1955 02:11:30,437 --> 02:11:34,187 He was devastated when Truman rejected their recommendation. 1956 02:11:35,688 --> 02:11:37,688 I miss Richard more than I can bear. 1957 02:11:37,688 --> 02:11:39,584 I know. I know. 1958 02:11:39,584 --> 02:11:42,843 I'm just glad he didn't live to see what this is all about. 1959 02:11:45,638 --> 02:11:48,437 Here comes the birthday boy, to gloat.. [?] 1960 02:11:48,835 --> 02:11:50,451 Have fun. 1961 02:11:50,584 --> 02:11:52,581 Robert, my son and his fiancee 1962 02:11:52,605 --> 02:11:55,370 are desperate to meet the father of the atomic bomb, so... 1963 02:12:04,222 --> 02:12:07,206 - Is this a bad time? - What do you think, Lewis? 1964 02:12:07,527 --> 02:12:09,636 I think it must have been a blow for you. 1965 02:12:09,785 --> 02:12:11,074 For the world. 1966 02:12:12,269 --> 02:12:15,660 The world? What does Fuchs mean to the rest of the world? 1967 02:12:16,855 --> 02:12:17,882 Fuchs? 1968 02:12:18,312 --> 02:12:19,728 Klaus Fuchs? 1969 02:12:21,322 --> 02:12:23,870 Oh dear. You haven't heard. 1970 02:12:26,657 --> 02:12:31,488 Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist that you put onto the implosion team at Los Alamos. 1971 02:12:32,503 --> 02:12:33,914 Turns out he was... 1972 02:12:34,222 --> 02:12:36,777 He was spying for the Soviets the whole time. 1973 02:12:37,063 --> 02:12:38,347 I'm sorry. 1974 02:12:43,844 --> 02:12:46,368 After the truth about Fuchs came out, 1975 02:12:46,501 --> 02:12:48,688 the FBI stepped up surveillance on him. 1976 02:12:48,794 --> 02:12:50,872 He knew his phone was tapped. 1977 02:12:51,521 --> 02:12:53,051 It was followed everywhere. 1978 02:12:53,515 --> 02:12:55,051 His trash picked through. 1979 02:12:58,580 --> 02:13:00,715 But he never stopped speaking his mind. 1980 02:13:01,049 --> 02:13:02,551 A man of conviction. 1981 02:13:02,869 --> 02:13:06,143 And maybe he thought fame could actually protect him. 1982 02:13:07,810 --> 02:13:10,705 When Osno took office, he saw one more chance. 1983 02:13:12,264 --> 02:13:13,264 He took it. 1984 02:13:13,354 --> 02:13:16,861 America and Russia may be likened... 1985 02:13:17,643 --> 02:13:19,900 to two scorpions in a bottle. 1986 02:13:20,000 --> 02:13:23,147 Each capable of killing the other, 1987 02:13:23,369 --> 02:13:26,189 but only at the risk of his own life. 1988 02:13:26,713 --> 02:13:28,800 Now, there are various aspects of this policy. 1989 02:13:28,800 --> 02:13:33,300 A lot of scientists blame me, but how was I supposed to protect him? 1990 02:13:33,451 --> 02:13:35,300 ...are too secret for discussion. 1991 02:13:35,300 --> 02:13:37,300 Candor is the only remedy. 1992 02:13:37,300 --> 02:13:40,800 Officials in Washington need to start leveling with the American people. 1993 02:13:42,529 --> 02:13:44,800 That was the last straw for Robert's enemies. 1994 02:13:44,800 --> 02:13:47,300 So he had to lose his security clearance. 1995 02:13:47,300 --> 02:13:49,800 And with it, his credibility. 1996 02:13:49,924 --> 02:13:51,924 But how could they do it? 1997 02:13:52,208 --> 02:13:53,385 He was a war hero. 1998 02:13:53,409 --> 02:13:55,408 He'd already told everyone about his past. 1999 02:13:55,408 --> 02:13:57,244 Borden dredged it all up. 2000 02:13:57,408 --> 02:14:00,708 How could Borden get access to Oppenheimer's FBI file? 2001 02:14:00,708 --> 02:14:02,008 Could it have been Nichols? 2002 02:14:02,008 --> 02:14:04,008 No, it can't have been. Actually, he didn't do that. 2003 02:14:04,478 --> 02:14:08,174 Whoever did unleashed a firestorm that burned a path in the White House, 2004 02:14:08,304 --> 02:14:10,611 right to my desk at the AEC. 2005 02:14:11,304 --> 02:14:13,304 You've seen 'em in there, right? 2006 02:14:13,304 --> 02:14:16,166 It took my whole life to get here. 2007 02:14:16,541 --> 02:14:20,650 The cabinet of the United States of America, now in front of the entire country, 2008 02:14:20,743 --> 02:14:22,767 and they want to put me back in my place. 2009 02:14:24,131 --> 02:14:26,131 A lowly shoe salesman. 2010 02:14:26,564 --> 02:14:28,480 Lewis, we can win this thing. 2011 02:14:28,642 --> 02:14:30,553 I think we can get the Senate to grasp 2012 02:14:30,577 --> 02:14:32,980 that you did your duty, painful though it was. 2013 02:14:32,980 --> 02:14:35,980 - Now, will Hill's testimony back us up? - Hill will be fine. 2014 02:14:35,980 --> 02:14:39,225 I don't really know him, but he was one of Szilard's boys in Chicago. 2015 02:14:39,311 --> 02:14:41,010 And they'd never forgive Robert for not 2016 02:14:41,034 --> 02:14:43,373 supporting the petition against bombing Japan. 2017 02:14:44,448 --> 02:14:47,654 This was taken 31 days after the bombing. 2018 02:14:48,717 --> 02:14:52,980 Virtually everyone in the street, nearly a mile around, 2019 02:14:53,600 --> 02:14:55,396 was instantly and seriously... 2020 02:14:55,850 --> 02:14:56,912 burned. 2021 02:14:57,873 --> 02:15:01,232 The Japanese spoke of people who 2022 02:15:01,365 --> 02:15:05,396 wore striped clothing, upon whom the skin was burned in stripes. 2023 02:15:06,373 --> 02:15:08,420 There were many who thought themselves lucky, 2024 02:15:09,153 --> 02:15:11,127 who climbed out of the ruins of their homes 2025 02:15:11,475 --> 02:15:13,153 only slightly injured. 2026 02:15:14,467 --> 02:15:16,154 But they died anyway. 2027 02:15:16,850 --> 02:15:19,451 They died days, or weeks later, 2028 02:15:20,107 --> 02:15:22,608 from iridium-like rays emitted in great numbers 2029 02:15:23,209 --> 02:15:25,592 at the moment of the explosion. 2030 02:15:26,725 --> 02:15:28,350 Did you read this crap in the papers? 2031 02:15:28,396 --> 02:15:30,232 The British physicists say 2032 02:15:30,373 --> 02:15:33,295 the atomic bombings were not the last act of World War II, 2033 02:15:33,350 --> 02:15:36,459 but the first act of this Cold War with Russia. 2034 02:15:36,740 --> 02:15:37,771 Which physicist? 2035 02:15:37,865 --> 02:15:40,764 I think you knew him. Patrick Blackett. 2036 02:15:43,529 --> 02:15:46,279 It may not be wrong. Stimson is now telling me 2037 02:15:46,404 --> 02:15:49,211 we bombed an enemy that was essentially defeated. 2038 02:15:49,436 --> 02:15:51,736 Robert, you're all the influence now. 2039 02:15:52,631 --> 02:15:53,702 Please, 2040 02:15:54,334 --> 02:15:56,764 urge them to continue my research on the super. 2041 02:15:56,865 --> 02:15:58,736 I neither can nor will, Edward. 2042 02:15:58,736 --> 02:15:59,736 Why not? 2043 02:15:59,736 --> 02:16:01,736 It's not the right use of our resources. 2044 02:16:01,969 --> 02:16:04,209 Is that what you really believe? 2045 02:16:04,567 --> 02:16:08,727 J. Robert Oppenheimer? Sphinx-like guru of the atom. 2046 02:16:09,852 --> 02:16:11,852 Nobody knows what you believe. 2047 02:16:12,495 --> 02:16:13,495 Do you? 2048 02:16:14,901 --> 02:16:18,901 One final time, our program director, Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer. 2049 02:16:20,480 --> 02:16:25,480 I hope that in years to come, you will look back on your work here with pride. 2050 02:16:26,080 --> 02:16:30,080 But today, that pride must be tempered with a profound concern. 2051 02:16:32,120 --> 02:16:35,943 If atomic weapons are to be added to the arsenals of a warring world, 2052 02:16:37,034 --> 02:16:41,034 then the day will come when people will curse the name of Los Alamos, 2053 02:16:44,725 --> 02:16:46,705 Uh, sorry, Admiral. 2054 02:16:47,065 --> 02:16:48,634 Stopped off to get this. 2055 02:16:49,323 --> 02:16:51,057 Seems pretty favorable. 2056 02:16:51,729 --> 02:16:53,869 There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption? 2057 02:16:53,940 --> 02:16:56,877 Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer. Strauss fought him, 2058 02:16:58,813 --> 02:17:00,375 and the US won." 2059 02:17:01,250 --> 02:17:02,250 That'll work? 2060 02:17:02,641 --> 02:17:04,634 Those were your words from the other day. 2061 02:17:04,634 --> 02:17:05,867 We needed to pivot. 2062 02:17:06,406 --> 02:17:09,047 But how would you know what Time Magazine's gonna write? 2063 02:17:09,196 --> 02:17:11,196 Henry Luce is a friend. 2064 02:17:18,750 --> 02:17:21,172 You sat here and let me tell you how it's done, 2065 02:17:21,456 --> 02:17:23,289 but you've been far ahead all along. 2066 02:17:23,848 --> 02:17:25,969 Survival in Washington. 2067 02:17:26,631 --> 02:17:28,578 It's about knowing how to get things done. 2068 02:17:29,086 --> 02:17:30,110 Right. 2069 02:17:32,194 --> 02:17:33,844 What was it you said about Borden? 2070 02:17:34,218 --> 02:17:36,125 Why get caught holding the knife yourself? 2071 02:17:38,474 --> 02:17:41,958 Are you kidding me, saying Borden was holding the knife for you? 2072 02:17:44,232 --> 02:17:46,325 It's gonna come down to how much influence Borden's 2073 02:17:46,388 --> 02:17:48,344 been able to exert on Teller. 2074 02:17:49,021 --> 02:17:50,505 Did I say something funny? 2075 02:17:50,708 --> 02:17:55,052 "Borden, Borden, Borden," when we all know that it's Strauss... 2076 02:17:55,255 --> 02:17:57,629 Lewis brought me to Princeton, Kitty. 2077 02:17:57,801 --> 02:18:00,371 And then you're familiar with him in front of Congress. 2078 02:18:00,451 --> 02:18:02,488 But more useful than a sandwich! 2079 02:18:05,621 --> 02:18:07,082 [How did I do?] 2080 02:18:08,121 --> 02:18:10,175 Maybe a little too well, Robert. 2081 02:18:10,320 --> 02:18:11,465 That was six years ago. 2082 02:18:11,527 --> 02:18:14,933 You know, they're truly vindictive, patient as saints. 2083 02:18:15,136 --> 02:18:17,808 Strauss has been perfectly clear that he is neutral. 2084 02:18:18,425 --> 02:18:21,191 Wake up! It is Strauss! 2085 02:18:21,445 --> 02:18:23,597 It's always been Strauss, and you know it! 2086 02:18:24,296 --> 02:18:26,050 Why won't you fight him? 2087 02:18:29,085 --> 02:18:32,691 It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover, or one of Truman's guys. 2088 02:18:32,749 --> 02:18:33,749 It was you. 2089 02:18:34,242 --> 02:18:35,742 You gave the file to Borden. 2090 02:18:35,820 --> 02:18:37,320 You set him on Oppenheimer. 2091 02:18:37,382 --> 02:18:38,882 - You convinced him... - Borden...! 2092 02:18:39,664 --> 02:18:41,664 Didn't take any convincing. 2093 02:18:42,024 --> 02:18:43,758 Take your time, use the entire file. 2094 02:18:43,843 --> 02:18:46,086 Write up your conclusions, send them to the FBI. 2095 02:18:46,212 --> 02:18:48,309 The material's obviously extensive, 2096 02:18:48,348 --> 02:18:50,477 but there's nothing new here. 2097 02:18:50,602 --> 02:18:52,297 Your conclusions will end. 2098 02:18:52,742 --> 02:18:54,562 And they'll have to be answered. 2099 02:18:54,819 --> 02:18:56,592 Hoover passes them to McCarthy? 2100 02:18:56,812 --> 02:18:59,749 Oppenheimer's too slippery for that self-promoting clown. 2101 02:18:59,913 --> 02:19:01,261 I've talked it over with Hoover. 2102 02:19:01,324 --> 02:19:04,660 He'll hold McCarthy at bay while you do this with the AEC. 2103 02:19:04,782 --> 02:19:06,871 - Trial? - No, no trial. 2104 02:19:06,911 --> 02:19:09,621 You can't give Oppenheimer a platform. 2105 02:19:09,749 --> 02:19:11,081 You can't martyr him. 2106 02:19:11,683 --> 02:19:14,995 We need a systematic destruction of Oppenheimer's credibility, 2107 02:19:15,089 --> 02:19:18,526 so he can never again speak on matters of national security. 2108 02:19:18,956 --> 02:19:20,714 Then what? 2109 02:19:21,702 --> 02:19:25,612 A shabby little room. Far from the limelight. 2110 02:19:30,479 --> 02:19:34,908 A simple bureaucratic procedure is Q clearance. It's up for renewal. 2111 02:19:35,050 --> 02:19:37,940 You send your accusations to the FBI. 2112 02:19:40,088 --> 02:19:43,370 Hoover sends them to the AEC. You're forced to act. 2113 02:19:43,667 --> 02:19:45,292 You write up an indictment. 2114 02:19:45,604 --> 02:19:49,062 Tell Oppenheimer his security clearance must not be renewed. 2115 02:19:49,347 --> 02:19:51,151 But offer him the chance to appeal. 2116 02:19:51,205 --> 02:19:53,495 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2117 02:19:53,550 --> 02:19:55,362 - May I keep this? - No. 2118 02:19:56,339 --> 02:19:59,644 If you do decide to appeal, they'll have to send you a copy. 2119 02:19:59,644 --> 02:20:04,644 When he appeals, and trust me, he will, I appoint a board. 2120 02:20:04,644 --> 02:20:07,644 They will, of course, have a counsel. 2121 02:20:07,644 --> 02:20:09,644 - Prosecutor? - In all but name. 2122 02:20:09,644 --> 02:20:11,644 - Who? - Roger Robb. 2123 02:20:11,644 --> 02:20:12,644 Ouch. 2124 02:20:12,644 --> 02:20:15,644 Robb will have security clearance to examine Oppenheimer's file. 2125 02:20:15,644 --> 02:20:18,925 As will the great board. Defense counsel will not. 2126 02:20:19,644 --> 02:20:21,144 A closed hearing. 2127 02:20:21,144 --> 02:20:24,972 So-called derogatory information in your indictment. 2128 02:20:25,223 --> 02:20:29,223 No audience, no reporters, no burden of proof. 2129 02:20:29,248 --> 02:20:31,248 No burden of proof? 2130 02:20:32,248 --> 02:20:34,248 We're not convicted. 2131 02:20:35,248 --> 02:20:37,248 Just denying. 2132 02:20:41,178 --> 02:20:44,178 What is it you said? 2133 02:20:44,178 --> 02:20:48,178 This is just how the game is played. 2134 02:20:48,178 --> 02:20:50,178 Well, forgive my naivete. 2135 02:20:50,178 --> 02:20:55,178 Amateurs seek the sun, get eaten. 2136 02:20:55,178 --> 02:20:59,018 Power stays in the shadows. 2137 02:20:59,136 --> 02:21:01,932 But, sir, you're... you're out of the shadows now. 2138 02:21:02,003 --> 02:21:03,854 Yeah, that's why this has to work. 2139 02:21:03,925 --> 02:21:04,831 Well... 2140 02:21:06,731 --> 02:21:08,731 Teller's testifying this morning. 2141 02:21:08,756 --> 02:21:10,756 That'll help. And then... 2142 02:21:11,317 --> 02:21:12,617 Hill's in the afternoon. 2143 02:21:12,642 --> 02:21:14,642 Hill is gonna help us too. 2144 02:21:17,064 --> 02:21:19,940 As you can see, Robert, it's not yet signed. 2145 02:21:20,264 --> 02:21:22,264 - May I keep this? - No. 2146 02:21:24,264 --> 02:21:29,339 If you do decide to appeal, then they'll have to send you a copy. 2147 02:21:32,564 --> 02:21:35,417 Take my car and driver, I insist. 2148 02:21:39,334 --> 02:21:41,334 I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis. 2149 02:21:41,359 --> 02:21:44,159 Of course. But don't take too long. 2150 02:21:44,213 --> 02:21:46,213 I can't keep Nichols at bay. 2151 02:21:52,027 --> 02:21:54,190 I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert. 2152 02:21:54,552 --> 02:21:56,552 I think it's wrong. 2153 02:22:08,678 --> 02:22:12,037 Nichols wants me to fight, so he can get it all on the record. 2154 02:22:12,217 --> 02:22:13,814 Strauss wants me to walk away. 2155 02:22:14,037 --> 02:22:18,491 Strauss knows that you can't do that. You'd be accepting the charges. 2156 02:22:19,153 --> 02:22:20,653 You'll lose your job. 2157 02:22:20,678 --> 02:22:23,522 You will lose your reputation. We'll lose our house. 2158 02:22:23,805 --> 02:22:25,805 Robert, we have to fight. 2159 02:22:28,436 --> 02:22:30,858 As AEC counsel, I can't represent you. 2160 02:22:30,928 --> 02:22:32,314 I'll call Lloyd Garrison. 2161 02:22:32,314 --> 02:22:33,814 Oh, he's good. 2162 02:22:33,814 --> 02:22:37,314 The best, but I have to warn you. 2163 02:22:38,545 --> 02:22:40,350 This won't be a fair fight. 2164 02:22:40,432 --> 02:22:44,772 During your interview with Boris Pash in 1943, did you refer to microfilm? 2165 02:22:44,804 --> 02:22:45,561 No. 2166 02:22:45,616 --> 02:22:48,123 Tab 11, page 1, paragraph 3. 2167 02:22:48,217 --> 02:22:51,522 You never said, "Man of the consulate, expert in the use of microfilm." 2168 02:22:51,584 --> 02:22:53,432 I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I would like to know what document 2169 02:22:53,432 --> 02:22:56,575 Mr. Robb is quoting from, and if he might be furnished with a copy. 2170 02:22:56,676 --> 02:22:58,543 The document is classified, Mr. Garrison. 2171 02:22:58,598 --> 02:23:00,432 I think we should get back to firsthand information. 2172 02:23:00,432 --> 02:23:01,932 This is firsthand. 2173 02:23:02,189 --> 02:23:03,689 How so, Roger? 2174 02:23:05,197 --> 02:23:07,197 There was a recording of the interview. 2175 02:23:11,632 --> 02:23:13,979 You let my client sit here and potentially perjure himself, 2176 02:23:14,004 --> 02:23:16,645 and all this time, you had a recording? 2177 02:23:16,731 --> 02:23:19,411 Nobody told your client to misrepresent his former answer. 2178 02:23:19,536 --> 02:23:21,406 Misrepresent? It was 12 years ago. 2179 02:23:21,531 --> 02:23:23,031 Can we hear this recording? 2180 02:23:23,090 --> 02:23:24,593 You don't have the clearance, Mr. Garrison. 2181 02:23:24,640 --> 02:23:26,359 You're reading it into the record. 2182 02:23:26,429 --> 02:23:31,062 Please, please. Is this proceeding interested in entrapment or in truth? 2183 02:23:31,226 --> 02:23:33,952 If it's truth, where's the disclosure? 2184 02:23:34,132 --> 02:23:35,132 Where's the witness list? 2185 02:23:35,171 --> 02:23:37,952 Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial, as you are well aware. 2186 02:23:38,015 --> 02:23:41,741 Evidentiary rules do not apply. We are dealing with national security. 2187 02:23:41,865 --> 02:23:45,592 Yes, sir, with all due respect, I fail to see how national security 2188 02:23:45,656 --> 02:23:49,101 prevents the prosecution from providing us with a list of witnesses! 2189 02:23:49,171 --> 02:23:50,515 We are in need need a brief recess. 2190 02:23:50,569 --> 02:23:51,765 You have my words. 2191 02:23:51,898 --> 02:23:54,648 If you say they're a transcript, then I'll accept it. 2192 02:23:54,718 --> 02:23:57,452 I've already explained I made up a cock-and-bull story. 2193 02:23:57,483 --> 02:24:00,452 And why would anyone make up such an elaborate story? 2194 02:24:00,523 --> 02:24:02,312 Because I was an idiot. 2195 02:24:02,312 --> 02:24:04,101 Why lie? 2196 02:24:04,156 --> 02:24:08,312 Clearly with the intention of not revealing who the intermediary was. 2197 02:24:08,350 --> 02:24:10,654 Your friend, Haakon Chevalier, the communist. 2198 02:24:10,718 --> 02:24:12,312 He still your friend? 2199 02:24:12,312 --> 02:24:14,163 Yes. 2200 02:24:17,257 --> 02:24:19,179 Dr. Robbie, thank you for coming. 2201 02:24:19,241 --> 02:24:21,320 Do you who else the prosecution has called? 2202 02:24:21,390 --> 02:24:25,554 Teller, obviously. They've asked Lawrence. 2203 02:24:25,748 --> 02:24:29,182 - What did he say? - He wasn't going to help them, but... 2204 02:24:29,288 --> 02:24:30,483 But? 2205 02:24:30,569 --> 02:24:34,910 Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman have been having an affair for years. 2206 02:24:34,980 --> 02:24:37,371 The whole time you were with them in Pasadena, 2207 02:24:37,739 --> 02:24:40,910 he convinced Lawrence that Richard died of a broken heart. 2208 02:24:40,910 --> 02:24:42,910 - That's absurd. - What's the heart? [?] 2209 02:24:42,910 --> 02:24:46,208 A broken heart. We should never find out. 2210 02:24:46,887 --> 02:24:48,653 Is Lawrence gonna testify? 2211 02:24:48,731 --> 02:24:50,356 I don't know. 2212 02:24:50,684 --> 02:24:54,872 Dr. Robbie, what governmental positions do you currently hold? 2213 02:24:55,223 --> 02:24:58,188 I am the chairman of the general advisory committee 2214 02:24:58,212 --> 02:25:00,708 to the AEC, succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer. 2215 02:25:01,059 --> 02:25:03,528 And how long have you known Dr. Oppenheimer? 2216 02:25:03,950 --> 02:25:07,988 Since 1928. I know him quite well. 2217 02:25:08,090 --> 02:25:11,528 Well enough to speak to the bearing of his loyalty and character? 2218 02:25:12,324 --> 02:25:15,997 Dr. Oppenheimer is a man of upstanding character. 2219 02:25:16,339 --> 02:25:19,801 And he is loyal to the United States, to his friends, 2220 02:25:20,144 --> 02:25:23,144 to the institutions at which he is part. 2221 02:25:24,144 --> 02:25:25,411 Eat. 2222 02:25:44,291 --> 02:25:45,291 What was that? 2223 02:25:45,628 --> 02:25:47,628 Nothing to worry about. 2224 02:25:50,090 --> 02:25:51,680 After the Russian A-bomb test, 2225 02:25:51,704 --> 02:25:54,269 did Dr. Lawrence come to see you about the hydrogen bomb? 2226 02:25:54,307 --> 02:25:56,058 You'd be better off asking him. 2227 02:25:56,152 --> 02:25:57,886 Well, I fully intend to. 2228 02:25:58,345 --> 02:26:02,152 Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb? 2229 02:26:02,268 --> 02:26:05,234 No, he thought that a fusion program 2230 02:26:05,259 --> 02:26:08,145 would come at the expense of our awfully good fission program. 2231 02:26:08,215 --> 02:26:10,058 But that proved not to be the case. 2232 02:26:10,283 --> 02:26:12,283 In the event, [?] both could be done. 2233 02:26:12,370 --> 02:26:14,810 Suppose if this board did not feel satisfied 2234 02:26:14,834 --> 02:26:18,458 that any testimony here of Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful, 2235 02:26:18,888 --> 02:26:21,013 what would you say whether or not he should be cleared? 2236 02:26:21,221 --> 02:26:23,103 Why go through all this against a man 2237 02:26:23,127 --> 02:26:25,318 who has accomplished what Dr. Oppenheimer has? 2238 02:26:25,370 --> 02:26:26,935 Look at his record. 2239 02:26:27,040 --> 02:26:29,540 We have an A-bomb and a whole series of it. 2240 02:26:29,540 --> 02:26:32,091 We have a whole series of super bombs. What more do you want? 2241 02:26:33,040 --> 02:26:34,040 Mermaids? 2242 02:26:34,622 --> 02:26:37,669 But I've known Secretary Strauss for many years. 2243 02:26:37,813 --> 02:26:41,313 And I feel it a necessity to express the warm support, 2244 02:26:41,505 --> 02:26:44,020 for science and scientists, Lewis has shown. 2245 02:26:44,051 --> 02:26:46,693 We'll break now. Unless there's any... any objections? 2246 02:26:46,732 --> 02:26:49,630 Senator, I'd like to once again request 2247 02:26:49,747 --> 02:26:52,520 that we're furnished with a list of witnesses. 2248 02:26:52,607 --> 02:26:57,020 And I will remind the nominee that we don't always have that information in advance. 2249 02:26:57,138 --> 02:26:59,747 We do know that Dr. Hill will be here after lunch. 2250 02:27:00,177 --> 02:27:02,950 Mr. Chairman, our next scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence, 2251 02:27:03,075 --> 02:27:06,075 has apparently come down with colitis. 2252 02:27:08,896 --> 02:27:11,443 So we'll proceed with William Borden instead. 2253 02:27:12,083 --> 02:27:14,716 Mr. Borden, please take a seat. 2254 02:27:16,256 --> 02:27:17,552 Mr. Borden, 2255 02:27:18,552 --> 02:27:22,747 during your investigation into Dr. Oppenheimer, did you reach certain conclusions? 2256 02:27:23,290 --> 02:27:24,082 I did. 2257 02:27:24,107 --> 02:27:27,220 And did there come a time when you expressed those conclusions in a letter 2258 02:27:27,244 --> 02:27:30,255 to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, the Federal Bureau of Investigation? 2259 02:27:30,614 --> 02:27:31,347 That is correct. 2260 02:27:31,372 --> 02:27:33,423 Prior to the writing of the letter, did you discuss the writing 2261 02:27:33,447 --> 02:27:36,177 of the letter with anybody attached to the Atomic Energy Commission? 2262 02:27:36,708 --> 02:27:37,466 I did not. 2263 02:27:37,513 --> 02:27:39,872 - Excellent. Do you have a copy of the letter? - One in front of me. 2264 02:27:39,897 --> 02:27:42,443 Would you please be so kind as to read it yourself? 2265 02:27:43,264 --> 02:27:45,973 "Dear Mr. Hoover, the purpose of this letter is to state..." 2266 02:27:46,013 --> 02:27:48,513 - I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have... 2267 02:27:48,598 --> 02:27:51,794 What is the purpose of the delay? He's simply going to read the letter. 2268 02:27:52,567 --> 02:27:55,005 Mr. Chairman, this is the first I've seen of this letter. 2269 02:27:55,313 --> 02:27:58,228 And I see statements here, at least one, 2270 02:27:58,252 --> 02:28:00,825 of a kind that I don't think anyone would like to see go into the record. 2271 02:28:00,895 --> 02:28:03,314 These are accusations that have not previously been made, 2272 02:28:03,353 --> 02:28:05,204 that are not part of the indictment from Nichols. 2273 02:28:05,251 --> 02:28:07,743 Accusations of a kind that I don't think belong here. 2274 02:28:07,782 --> 02:28:09,794 The witness wrote this letter on his own initiative, 2275 02:28:09,884 --> 02:28:12,251 laying out evidence that has already been before the board. 2276 02:28:12,314 --> 02:28:14,732 His conclusions are valid testimony, just like 2277 02:28:14,810 --> 02:28:18,427 the positive conclusions of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer. It cuts both ways. 2278 02:28:18,833 --> 02:28:21,192 How long has counsel been in possession of this letter? 2279 02:28:21,239 --> 02:28:24,653 I don't think I should be subject to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison. 2280 02:28:24,724 --> 02:28:27,001 Mr. Garrison, given that we on the board have all read 2281 02:28:27,072 --> 02:28:29,720 the letter, wouldn't it be better to have it in the record? 2282 02:28:30,941 --> 02:28:32,361 Let's proceed. 2283 02:28:33,962 --> 02:28:35,544 "Dear Mr. Hoover, 2284 02:28:36,019 --> 02:28:38,644 the purpose of this letter is to state my opinion, 2285 02:28:38,769 --> 02:28:42,222 based upon years of study of the available classified evidence, 2286 02:28:42,965 --> 02:28:44,965 that, more probably than not, 2287 02:28:45,066 --> 02:28:49,448 J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union. 2288 02:28:49,948 --> 02:28:52,034 The following conclusions are justified. 2289 02:28:52,417 --> 02:28:56,761 One, between 1929 and 1942, more probably than not, 2290 02:28:56,940 --> 02:29:00,346 J. Robert Oppenheimer was a sufficiently hardened Communist 2291 02:29:00,557 --> 02:29:02,824 that he volunteered information to the Soviets. 2292 02:29:03,214 --> 02:29:08,824 Two, more probably than not, he has since been functioning as an espionage agent. 2293 02:29:09,378 --> 02:29:10,824 Three. 2294 02:29:10,944 --> 02:29:14,812 More probably than not, he has since acted under a Soviet directive 2295 02:29:14,866 --> 02:29:17,719 in influencing United States military policy." 2296 02:29:17,787 --> 02:29:19,592 I'm sorry, Robert. 2297 02:29:19,998 --> 02:29:24,631 Is anyone ever going to tell the truth about what's happening here? 2298 02:29:24,998 --> 02:29:28,475 We will now hear from Dr. David Hill. 2299 02:29:37,967 --> 02:29:41,264 Dr. Hill, would you care to make a statement? 2300 02:29:42,971 --> 02:29:44,065 Thank you. 2301 02:29:44,322 --> 02:29:47,936 I've been asked to testify about Louis Strauss, 2302 02:29:48,248 --> 02:29:53,170 a man who has given years of service in high positions of government, 2303 02:29:53,280 --> 02:29:57,623 and who is known to be earnest, hard-working, and intelligent. 2304 02:29:59,179 --> 02:30:01,398 The views I have to express are my own, 2305 02:30:01,562 --> 02:30:05,350 but I believe that much I have to say will help to indicate why 2306 02:30:06,162 --> 02:30:10,154 most of the scientists in this country would prefer to see Mr. Strauss 2307 02:30:11,061 --> 02:30:13,294 completely out of government. 2308 02:30:14,897 --> 02:30:18,798 You're-you're referring to the hostility of certain scientists, 2309 02:30:18,963 --> 02:30:21,447 directed toward Mr. Strauss, because of his 2310 02:30:21,533 --> 02:30:25,384 commitment to security, as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair? 2311 02:30:28,181 --> 02:30:29,197 No. 2312 02:30:29,273 --> 02:30:34,493 Because of the personal vindictiveness he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2313 02:30:36,115 --> 02:30:39,258 Order! Order! 2314 02:30:39,305 --> 02:30:43,376 It appears to most scientists around this country, 2315 02:30:44,157 --> 02:30:47,102 that Robert Oppenheimer is now being pilloried, 2316 02:30:47,203 --> 02:30:51,164 and put through an ordeal, because he expressed his honest opinions. 2317 02:30:51,750 --> 02:30:54,891 Dr. Bush, I thought I was performing a service to my country 2318 02:30:54,961 --> 02:30:58,696 when hearing this case. - No board, in this country, 2319 02:30:58,930 --> 02:31:02,633 should sit in judgment of a man because he expressed his strong opinions. 2320 02:31:02,963 --> 02:31:05,328 If you want to try that case, you should try me. 2321 02:31:06,275 --> 02:31:08,899 Excuse me, gentlemen, if I've... become stirred. 2322 02:31:09,958 --> 02:31:10,914 But I am. 2323 02:31:11,344 --> 02:31:15,344 Dr. Hill, we've already heard that Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges, 2324 02:31:15,369 --> 02:31:18,494 or participate in the hearings against Dr. Oppenheimer. 2325 02:31:18,555 --> 02:31:20,258 The Oppenheimer matter was... 2326 02:31:20,922 --> 02:31:25,719 initiated, and carried through, largely through the animus of Louis Strauss. 2327 02:31:27,071 --> 02:31:29,942 Oppenheimer made mincemeat out of Strauss' position 2328 02:31:29,989 --> 02:31:32,086 on the shipments of isotopes to Norway, 2329 02:31:32,149 --> 02:31:35,539 and Strauss never forgave him this public humiliation. 2330 02:31:36,031 --> 02:31:39,476 Another controversy between them centered around their differences in judgment 2331 02:31:39,656 --> 02:31:42,640 on how the H-bomb would contribute to national security. 2332 02:31:42,929 --> 02:31:46,116 Strauss turned to the personnel security system in order to 2333 02:31:46,225 --> 02:31:51,686 destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness, and Strauss was able to find a few ambitious men 2334 02:31:51,848 --> 02:31:55,709 who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's positions and envied him, 2335 02:31:55,792 --> 02:31:57,842 his prestige in government circles. 2336 02:31:58,037 --> 02:32:02,162 I've always assumed, and still assume, that he is loyal to the United States. 2337 02:32:02,458 --> 02:32:06,723 I believe this, and I shall believe it, until I see very conclusive proof to the opposite. 2338 02:32:07,221 --> 02:32:11,154 Do you, or do you not believe that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk? 2339 02:32:14,652 --> 02:32:18,029 In a great number of cases, I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way 2340 02:32:18,089 --> 02:32:21,385 which was, to me, exceedingly hard to understand. 2341 02:32:21,471 --> 02:32:23,791 I thoroughly disagreed with him on numerous issues, 2342 02:32:23,853 --> 02:32:27,385 and his actions frankly appeared to me confused and complicated. 2343 02:32:27,495 --> 02:32:32,049 To this extent, I feel I want to see the vital interests of this country 2344 02:32:32,268 --> 02:32:36,027 in hands which I understand better, and therefore trust more. 2345 02:32:37,071 --> 02:32:38,510 - Thank you, Doctor. - Thank you. 2346 02:32:42,763 --> 02:32:43,877 Sorry. 2347 02:32:46,322 --> 02:32:48,471 You shook his fucking hand!? 2348 02:32:49,338 --> 02:32:51,362 Oh, I would have spit in his face. 2349 02:32:51,432 --> 02:32:53,526 I'm not sure the Board would have appreciated that. 2350 02:32:53,594 --> 02:32:56,104 Isn't that gentlemanly enough for you? Well, I think 2351 02:32:56,165 --> 02:32:58,002 you're all being too goddamn gentlemanly. 2352 02:32:58,127 --> 02:33:01,869 Gray must see what Robb is doing. Why doesn't he just shut him down? 2353 02:33:02,205 --> 02:33:04,330 And you shaking Teller's hand. 2354 02:33:04,526 --> 02:33:07,783 You need to stop playing the martyr. 2355 02:33:08,580 --> 02:33:13,119 Under the current AEC guidelines, would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today? 2356 02:33:19,173 --> 02:33:23,658 Under my interpretation of the Atomic Energy Act, 2357 02:33:23,806 --> 02:33:28,548 which did not exist when I hired Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942, 2358 02:33:29,665 --> 02:33:34,775 I would not clear him today if I were on the commission. 2359 02:33:35,298 --> 02:33:36,658 Good. Thank you, General. That is all. 2360 02:33:36,728 --> 02:33:38,728 But I don't think I'd clear any of those guys. 2361 02:33:39,345 --> 02:33:40,587 That's all. 2362 02:33:43,385 --> 02:33:46,189 Dr. Oppenheimer had no responsibility in the selection, 2363 02:33:46,236 --> 02:33:48,126 or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he? 2364 02:33:48,204 --> 02:33:49,408 No. None at all. 2365 02:33:49,533 --> 02:33:52,970 And you wouldn't want to leave this board with any suggestion today that 2366 02:33:53,040 --> 02:33:57,330 you're here questioning his basic loyalty to the United States, and the operation of Los Alamos? 2367 02:33:57,730 --> 02:34:01,915 By no means. I hope I didn't lead anyone to believe otherwise for an instant. 2368 02:34:02,989 --> 02:34:03,989 Thank you, General. 2369 02:34:21,011 --> 02:34:21,925 Okay. 2370 02:34:22,269 --> 02:34:24,847 - We shouldn't keep them waiting. - She'll be here. 2371 02:34:25,136 --> 02:34:27,011 Do you even want her here? 2372 02:34:27,081 --> 02:34:29,042 Well, a fool or an adolescent 2373 02:34:29,097 --> 02:34:32,902 presumes to know someone else's relationship, and you're neither, Lloyd. 2374 02:34:35,402 --> 02:34:38,786 Kitty and I are grown-ups. 2375 02:34:39,457 --> 02:34:41,801 We've walked through fire together. 2376 02:34:42,028 --> 02:34:43,902 She'll do fine. 2377 02:34:44,488 --> 02:34:48,106 Would you describe your views on Communism as pro, anti, neutral? 2378 02:34:48,308 --> 02:34:53,626 Very strongly against. I have nothing to do with Communism since 1936. 2379 02:34:53,720 --> 02:34:57,330 Since... Since before I met Robert. 2380 02:34:58,962 --> 02:35:00,567 That's all. 2381 02:35:01,051 --> 02:35:04,356 The record demonstrates that Oppenheimer was not interrogated by 2382 02:35:04,434 --> 02:35:06,988 impartial and disinterested counsel for the Gray Board. 2383 02:35:07,145 --> 02:35:09,417 He was interrogated by a prosecutor who used 2384 02:35:09,442 --> 02:35:11,957 all the tricks of a rather ingenious legal background. 2385 02:35:12,074 --> 02:35:16,356 You are charging now that the Gray Board permitted a prosecution. 2386 02:35:16,903 --> 02:35:20,035 If I were on the Gray Board, I would have protested 2387 02:35:20,113 --> 02:35:23,840 against the tactics of the man who served in fact as the prosecuting counsel. 2388 02:35:23,928 --> 02:35:25,928 A man appointed, not by the Board, 2389 02:35:27,086 --> 02:35:28,645 but by Louis Strauss. 2390 02:35:31,025 --> 02:35:32,230 Who was this? 2391 02:35:33,704 --> 02:35:34,704 Sorry? 2392 02:35:35,331 --> 02:35:36,331 Who was this? 2393 02:35:36,909 --> 02:35:38,043 Roger Robb. 2394 02:35:38,784 --> 02:35:40,067 Mrs. Oppenheimer. 2395 02:35:44,354 --> 02:35:46,635 Did you have a Communist Party membership card? 2396 02:35:48,151 --> 02:35:48,963 I'm... 2397 02:35:49,112 --> 02:35:50,416 I'm not sure. 2398 02:35:50,487 --> 02:35:51,659 Not sure? 2399 02:35:54,385 --> 02:35:55,440 Well... 2400 02:35:58,880 --> 02:36:00,041 Well? 2401 02:36:08,690 --> 02:36:11,410 I mean, presumably, the act of joining the party 2402 02:36:11,807 --> 02:36:15,002 required sending some money and receiving a card, no? 2403 02:36:24,705 --> 02:36:26,034 I'm sorry. 2404 02:36:26,698 --> 02:36:28,213 Yes. 2405 02:36:30,307 --> 02:36:33,689 It's just it was all so very long ago, Mr. Robb, wasn't it? 2406 02:36:33,791 --> 02:36:35,338 - Not really. - Long enough to have forgotten. 2407 02:36:35,377 --> 02:36:38,580 - You return the card or rip it open? - The card whose existence I've forgotten. 2408 02:36:38,650 --> 02:36:41,588 - Your Communist Party membership card? - Haven't the slightest idea. 2409 02:36:44,596 --> 02:36:48,549 Can a distinction be made between Soviet Communism and Communism? 2410 02:36:48,869 --> 02:36:52,264 Well, in the days when I was a member, I thought they were definitely two things. 2411 02:36:52,307 --> 02:36:54,939 I thought that the Communist Party of the United States 2412 02:36:54,994 --> 02:36:58,697 was concerned with our domestic problems. I now no longer believe this. 2413 02:36:58,764 --> 02:37:01,264 I believe the whole thing's linked together and spread all over the world, 2414 02:37:01,264 --> 02:37:05,053 and I have believed this since I left the party 16 years ago. 2415 02:37:05,264 --> 02:37:07,795 - But... - 17 years ago. My mistake. 2416 02:37:08,060 --> 02:37:10,060 - But you... - Sorry, 18. 2417 02:37:10,809 --> 02:37:12,161 18 years ago. 2418 02:37:13,576 --> 02:37:16,170 Are you familiar with the fact your husband was making contributions 2419 02:37:16,240 --> 02:37:18,920 to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942? 2420 02:37:18,974 --> 02:37:20,959 I knew that Robert gave money from time to time. 2421 02:37:21,014 --> 02:37:23,607 Did you know this money was going into Communist Party channels? 2422 02:37:23,724 --> 02:37:25,654 - Don't you mean through? - Pardon? 2423 02:37:25,679 --> 02:37:28,412 Think you mean through Communist Party channels, don't you? 2424 02:37:28,662 --> 02:37:29,646 - Yes. - Yes? 2425 02:37:29,822 --> 02:37:31,685 Yes. Yes. 2426 02:37:31,830 --> 02:37:35,056 Then would it be fair to say that this meant that by 1942, 2427 02:37:35,087 --> 02:37:38,126 your husband had not stopped having anything to do with the Communist Party? 2428 02:37:39,189 --> 02:37:41,928 You don't have to answer that yes or no, you can answer that any way you wish. 2429 02:37:41,928 --> 02:37:46,986 I know that, thank you. It's your question. It's not properly phrased. 2430 02:37:47,087 --> 02:37:48,853 - Do you understand what I'm getting at? - I do. 2431 02:37:48,878 --> 02:37:51,376 - Then why don't you answer it that way? - Because I don't like your phrase, 2432 02:37:51,697 --> 02:37:53,493 "having anything to do with the Communist Party," 2433 02:37:53,525 --> 02:37:56,814 because Robert never had anything to do with the Communist Party as such. 2434 02:37:56,868 --> 02:37:59,126 I know he gave money to Spanish refugees. 2435 02:37:59,282 --> 02:38:02,384 I know he took an intellectual interest in Communist ideas. 2436 02:38:02,409 --> 02:38:04,079 The two types of Communists? 2437 02:38:04,243 --> 02:38:06,978 Intellectual Communists, and your plain old regular commie. 2438 02:38:07,650 --> 02:38:09,853 Well, I couldn't answer that one. 2439 02:38:10,976 --> 02:38:11,976 I couldn't either. 2440 02:38:20,415 --> 02:38:21,962 Robert, you can't win this thing. 2441 02:38:22,056 --> 02:38:24,400 It's a kangaroo court with a predetermined outcome. 2442 02:38:24,425 --> 02:38:26,226 Why put yourself through more of it? 2443 02:38:26,771 --> 02:38:28,267 I have my reasons. 2444 02:38:31,120 --> 02:38:31,964 Goodnight. 2445 02:38:36,938 --> 02:38:38,358 He has a point. 2446 02:38:39,376 --> 02:38:42,111 - I'm not sure you understand, Albert. - No? 2447 02:38:42,905 --> 02:38:45,405 I left my country, never turned around. 2448 02:38:46,432 --> 02:38:48,303 You served your country well. 2449 02:38:48,829 --> 02:38:51,358 If this is the reward she offers you, then... 2450 02:38:52,439 --> 02:38:54,756 ...perhaps you should turn your back on her. 2451 02:38:55,658 --> 02:38:57,881 Damn it, I happen to love this country. 2452 02:38:58,556 --> 02:39:00,498 Then tell them to go to hell. 2453 02:39:01,071 --> 02:39:04,717 Interestingly enough, there's no longer a confirmation hearing. 2454 02:39:04,916 --> 02:39:06,416 It's now a trial. 2455 02:39:06,912 --> 02:39:08,686 About [?] a trial! 2456 02:39:09,220 --> 02:39:12,280 It's not good he's telling everyone you initiated the hearings. 2457 02:39:12,416 --> 02:39:14,459 He can't prove a goddamn thing. 2458 02:39:14,512 --> 02:39:17,891 He certainly can't prove that I gave the file to Borden. 2459 02:39:17,990 --> 02:39:20,600 We're not in court, sir. There's no burden of proof. 2460 02:39:20,703 --> 02:39:22,733 Right, they're not convicting. 2461 02:39:23,916 --> 02:39:25,416 Just denying. 2462 02:39:25,728 --> 02:39:28,584 Why would Hill come here to tear me down? What's his angle? 2463 02:39:28,686 --> 02:39:30,826 Do people need a reason to do the right thing? 2464 02:39:31,128 --> 02:39:32,240 As he sees it. 2465 02:39:32,436 --> 02:39:33,249 I told you. 2466 02:39:33,334 --> 02:39:37,273 Oppenheimer poisoned the scientists against me right from that first meeting. 2467 02:39:37,489 --> 02:39:40,350 I don't know what Oppenheimer said to him that day, 2468 02:39:40,405 --> 02:39:43,123 but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye. 2469 02:39:44,857 --> 02:39:46,905 Oppenheimer knows how to manipulate his own. 2470 02:39:47,303 --> 02:39:48,553 Like Los Alamos. 2471 02:39:48,873 --> 02:39:51,194 He preyed on the naivete of scientists 2472 02:39:51,319 --> 02:39:53,397 who thought they get a say on how we use their work. 2473 02:39:53,522 --> 02:39:56,014 They'll never think he was that naive himself. 2474 02:39:56,451 --> 02:39:59,725 Doctor, during your work on the hydrogen bomb, 2475 02:39:59,850 --> 02:40:02,528 were you... deterred by any moral qualms? 2476 02:40:03,434 --> 02:40:04,655 Yes, of course. 2477 02:40:04,818 --> 02:40:06,658 But you still got on with your work, didn't you? 2478 02:40:06,725 --> 02:40:10,967 Yes, because this was work of exploration, it was not the preparation of a weapon. 2479 02:40:11,081 --> 02:40:13,081 You mean it was more of an academic excursion? 2480 02:40:13,128 --> 02:40:16,328 No, it's not an academic thing, whether you can build a hydrogen bomb. 2481 02:40:16,328 --> 02:40:17,608 It's a matter of life and death. 2482 02:40:17,608 --> 02:40:19,928 By 1942, you were actively pushing the development 2483 02:40:19,928 --> 02:40:20,858 of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you? 2484 02:40:20,905 --> 02:40:22,530 Pushing is not the right word. It was... 2485 02:40:22,592 --> 02:40:24,209 Supporting it and working on it, yes. 2486 02:40:24,272 --> 02:40:26,514 So when did these moral qualms become so strong, 2487 02:40:26,592 --> 02:40:29,709 that you actively opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb? 2488 02:40:29,787 --> 02:40:31,678 When it was suggested that it be the policy 2489 02:40:31,772 --> 02:40:34,076 of the United States to make these things at all costs, 2490 02:40:34,160 --> 02:40:36,435 without regard to the balance between these weapons, 2491 02:40:36,521 --> 02:40:38,787 and atomic weapons, as part of our arsenal. 2492 02:40:40,326 --> 02:40:42,670 What do moral qualms have to do with that? 2493 02:40:43,600 --> 02:40:45,772 - What do moral qualms have to do with it? - Yes. 2494 02:40:45,889 --> 02:40:48,280 Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb. 2495 02:40:48,319 --> 02:40:50,030 He wanted to be "The Man Who Moved the Earth. 2496 02:40:50,116 --> 02:40:54,350 He talks about putting the nuclear genie back in the bottle. 2497 02:40:54,506 --> 02:40:56,608 Well, I'm here to tell you that I know. 2498 02:40:56,925 --> 02:41:01,355 J. Robert Oppenheimer, if he could do it all over, he'd do it all the same. 2499 02:41:01,464 --> 02:41:04,933 You know he's never once said that he regrets Hiroshima? 2500 02:41:05,034 --> 02:41:07,425 He'd do it all over. Why? 2501 02:41:07,745 --> 02:41:11,956 Because it made him the most important man who ever lived. 2502 02:41:12,721 --> 02:41:15,573 We freely used the atomic bomb. 2503 02:41:15,652 --> 02:41:17,746 In fact, Doctor, you resisted in selecting the target 2504 02:41:17,831 --> 02:41:19,816 to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, didn't you? 2505 02:41:19,925 --> 02:41:20,659 Yes... 2506 02:41:20,870 --> 02:41:23,566 Well then you knew, did you not, that by dropping that atomic bomb on the target, 2507 02:41:23,605 --> 02:41:27,011 you selected that thousands of civilians would be killed or injured. Is that correct? 2508 02:41:27,230 --> 02:41:29,644 Yes, but not as many as turned out. 2509 02:41:29,675 --> 02:41:31,720 Oh. Then how many were killed or injured? 2510 02:41:32,222 --> 02:41:34,675 - 70,000. - 70,000, both Hiroshima and... 2511 02:41:34,720 --> 02:41:37,720 - 110,000 to both. - On the day of each bombing? 2512 02:41:39,253 --> 02:41:40,284 Yes. 2513 02:41:40,387 --> 02:41:41,720 And in the weeks and years that followed? 2514 02:41:41,823 --> 02:41:44,891 It has been put at somewhere between 50 and 100,000. 2515 02:41:45,009 --> 02:41:46,720 220,000 dead, at least. 2516 02:41:46,720 --> 02:41:48,720 - Yes. - Any moral scruples about that? 2517 02:41:50,464 --> 02:41:51,477 ...terrible ones. 2518 02:41:51,540 --> 02:41:55,564 But yet you testified in here that the bombing of Hiroshima was very successful. 2519 02:41:55,664 --> 02:41:58,579 - Technically successful. - Oh! Technically it was very successful. 2520 02:41:58,639 --> 02:42:01,039 And it is also an extra help [?] to end the war. 2521 02:42:01,126 --> 02:42:04,157 Would you be supportive of the dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima? 2522 02:42:04,284 --> 02:42:05,864 I think that would make no sense at all. 2523 02:42:05,864 --> 02:42:08,524 - Why? - The target is too small. 2524 02:42:08,579 --> 02:42:10,568 Well, supposing there had been a target in Japan 2525 02:42:10,592 --> 02:42:12,353 big enough for a thermonuclear weapon, 2526 02:42:12,392 --> 02:42:13,864 would you have been opposed to the dropping of it? 2527 02:42:13,864 --> 02:42:15,864 This was not a problem with which I was confronted. 2528 02:42:15,864 --> 02:42:17,524 Well, I'm confronting you with it now, sir. 2529 02:42:17,587 --> 02:42:18,966 It was all part of his plan. 2530 02:42:19,060 --> 02:42:21,802 He wanted the glorious, insincere guilt 2531 02:42:21,841 --> 02:42:25,036 of the self-important to wear a fucking crown 2532 02:42:25,099 --> 02:42:30,378 and say, "No, we cannot go down this road," even as he knew we'd have to. 2533 02:42:30,534 --> 02:42:33,335 Would you have been opposed to the dropping of a thermonuclear weapon 2534 02:42:33,359 --> 02:42:36,064 on Japan because of moral scruples? - Yes, I believe [?] I would, sir. 2535 02:42:36,157 --> 02:42:37,920 Would you have opposed the dropping of an atomic bomb on 2536 02:42:37,944 --> 02:42:39,573 Hiroshima because of moral scruples? 2537 02:42:39,674 --> 02:42:41,893 - We set forth our... - I know, you, you, you, you! 2538 02:42:41,940 --> 02:42:43,026 - I'm asking you... - I set... 2539 02:42:43,057 --> 02:42:43,893 You, you, you! 2540 02:42:43,918 --> 02:42:47,580 I set forth our arguments against dropping it, but I did not endorse them. 2541 02:42:47,655 --> 02:42:50,798 You mean after working night and day for three years building the bomb, 2542 02:42:50,864 --> 02:42:52,877 you then argued against the use of it? 2543 02:42:53,064 --> 02:42:56,751 I was asked by the Secretary of War what the views of scientists were. 2544 02:42:56,790 --> 02:42:59,212 I gave them the views against and the views for. 2545 02:42:59,264 --> 02:43:01,165 You supported the dropping of the atom bomb, 2546 02:43:01,190 --> 02:43:02,445 with your plan, [?] didn't you? - What do you mean "you support?" 2547 02:43:02,509 --> 02:43:04,064 - You supported it, I mean. - What do you mean, support? 2548 02:43:04,064 --> 02:43:05,689 Well, you helped pick the target, didn't you? 2549 02:43:05,720 --> 02:43:09,095 I did my job. I was not in a policy-making position at Los Alamos. 2550 02:43:09,172 --> 02:43:11,180 I would have done anything I was asked to do. 2551 02:43:11,228 --> 02:43:13,464 But then you would have built the H-bomb too, wouldn't you? 2552 02:43:13,464 --> 02:43:14,064 I couldn't... 2553 02:43:14,064 --> 02:43:15,864 I didn't ask you that, doctor! 2554 02:43:15,864 --> 02:43:20,264 And the G.A.C. report, which you co-authored after the Soviet atomic test, said, 2555 02:43:20,264 --> 02:43:23,264 "A super bomb should never be built!" 2556 02:43:23,264 --> 02:43:24,664 What we meant, what I meant. 2557 02:43:24,719 --> 02:43:25,973 - [We?] - Look, what I meant... 2558 02:43:26,005 --> 02:43:27,199 Who? 2559 02:43:28,342 --> 02:43:31,467 Wouldn't the Russians do anything to increase their strength? 2560 02:43:31,864 --> 02:43:33,976 If we did it, they would have to do it! 2561 02:43:34,001 --> 02:43:38,126 Our efforts would only fuel their efforts, just as it had with the atomic bomb! 2562 02:43:38,189 --> 02:43:40,853 Just as it had with the atomic bomb, exactly! 2563 02:43:41,840 --> 02:43:45,949 No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949. 2564 02:43:50,268 --> 02:43:51,463 Dr. Oppenheimer, 2565 02:43:53,612 --> 02:43:58,370 when did your strong moral convictions develop with respect to the hydrogen bomb? 2566 02:44:05,896 --> 02:44:08,037 When it became clear to me, 2567 02:44:09,122 --> 02:44:12,317 that we would tend to use any weapon we had. 2568 02:44:15,262 --> 02:44:20,173 J. Robert Oppenheimer the martyr, I gave him exactly what he wanted. 2569 02:44:20,566 --> 02:44:22,168 To be remembered for Trinity. 2570 02:44:22,319 --> 02:44:24,319 Not Hiroshima. 2571 02:44:24,842 --> 02:44:27,405 Not Nagasaki. 2572 02:44:29,777 --> 02:44:32,123 He should be thanking me. 2573 02:44:32,758 --> 02:44:34,236 Well, he's not. 2574 02:44:37,311 --> 02:44:38,792 Do we still have enough votes? 2575 02:44:38,856 --> 02:44:40,792 Or is the crowning moment of my career 2576 02:44:40,816 --> 02:44:44,121 about to become the most public humiliation of my life? 2577 02:44:44,795 --> 02:44:46,697 Whole Senate's about to vote. 2578 02:44:47,374 --> 02:44:48,374 You'll scrape through. 2579 02:44:48,473 --> 02:44:50,215 Great, then gather the fucking press. 2580 02:44:50,266 --> 02:44:52,981 Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, this board, 2581 02:44:53,059 --> 02:44:55,987 having heard testimony from you, and many of your 2582 02:44:56,066 --> 02:44:58,059 current and former colleagues, 2583 02:44:58,418 --> 02:45:02,801 has come to the unanimous conclusion that you are a loyal citizen. 2584 02:45:04,749 --> 02:45:05,949 However... 2585 02:45:06,503 --> 02:45:09,824 In the light of your continuing associations, 2586 02:45:09,879 --> 02:45:13,301 and disregard for the security apparatus of this country, 2587 02:45:13,480 --> 02:45:16,727 together with your somewhat disturbing conduct 2588 02:45:16,836 --> 02:45:18,902 on the hydrogen bomb program, 2589 02:45:19,090 --> 02:45:22,978 and the regrettable lack of candor in [some] of your responses to this board, 2590 02:45:23,556 --> 02:45:25,705 we have voted, two-to-one, 2591 02:45:26,361 --> 02:45:29,384 to deny the renewal of your security clearance. 2592 02:45:29,533 --> 02:45:32,705 A full written opinion, with a dissent from Mr. Evans, 2593 02:45:32,939 --> 02:45:35,480 will be issued to the AEC in the coming days. 2594 02:45:35,995 --> 02:45:36,995 That is all. 2595 02:45:47,955 --> 02:45:49,363 Robert. 2596 02:45:49,840 --> 02:45:51,254 Robert. 2597 02:45:58,028 --> 02:45:59,894 Don't take in the sheets. 2598 02:46:05,262 --> 02:46:07,262 Two minutes. 2599 02:46:07,466 --> 02:46:08,826 You'll get your chance! 2600 02:46:12,203 --> 02:46:13,908 Is it official? 2601 02:46:16,026 --> 02:46:19,565 Well, there were a couple of unexpected holdouts. 2602 02:46:24,906 --> 02:46:26,426 I'm denied. 2603 02:46:26,426 --> 02:46:27,426 Yeah? 2604 02:46:27,426 --> 02:46:28,426 I'm afraid so, sir. 2605 02:46:28,426 --> 02:46:30,226 All right. 2606 02:46:36,728 --> 02:46:38,080 Who were the holdouts? 2607 02:46:38,127 --> 02:46:40,853 Um, there were three. 2608 02:46:40,986 --> 02:46:43,455 Led by the junior senator from Massachusetts. 2609 02:46:43,556 --> 02:46:47,267 Young guy trying to make a name for himself, didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer. 2610 02:46:47,828 --> 02:46:49,078 What's his name? 2611 02:46:49,703 --> 02:46:51,476 Uh, Kennedy. 2612 02:46:51,679 --> 02:46:53,140 John F. Kennedy. 2613 02:46:56,759 --> 02:46:57,640 Kitty? 2614 02:47:03,890 --> 02:47:07,258 Did you think that if you let them tar and feather you, 2615 02:47:07,625 --> 02:47:09,655 that the world would forgive you? 2616 02:47:13,258 --> 02:47:14,258 It won't. 2617 02:47:17,030 --> 02:47:18,030 I'll see. 2618 02:47:32,655 --> 02:47:34,366 You told me I'd be okay. 2619 02:47:34,677 --> 02:47:36,959 Yeah, well, I didn't have all the facts, did I? 2620 02:47:37,007 --> 02:47:38,116 Here's a fact. 2621 02:47:38,209 --> 02:47:42,177 President Eisenhower pinned the Medal of Freedom on my chest last year. 2622 02:47:42,233 --> 02:47:44,444 Because I've always done what's right for this country. 2623 02:47:44,514 --> 02:47:49,202 They don't want me in the cabinet room? Well, that's... that's fine. 2624 02:47:49,320 --> 02:47:51,525 Maybe they should just invite Oppenheimer instead. 2625 02:47:51,633 --> 02:47:53,126 Maybe they will. 2626 02:47:53,611 --> 02:47:56,596 I told you. He turned the scientists against me, 2627 02:47:56,674 --> 02:47:58,627 one by one, starting with Einstein. 2628 02:47:58,665 --> 02:48:01,135 I told you about that. Einstein. Einstein by the pond. 2629 02:48:01,438 --> 02:48:03,719 He did, but you know, sir, since nobody... 2630 02:48:03,822 --> 02:48:06,596 really knows what they said to each other that day, 2631 02:48:06,649 --> 02:48:09,963 is it possible they didn't talk about you at all? 2632 02:48:10,469 --> 02:48:15,469 Is it possible they spoke about something, ah, more important? 2633 02:48:29,634 --> 02:48:30,697 Thank you. 2634 02:48:31,082 --> 02:48:32,439 Albert. 2635 02:48:35,527 --> 02:48:37,527 The man of the moment. 2636 02:48:41,082 --> 02:48:45,244 You once had a reception for me in Berkeley. 2637 02:48:45,308 --> 02:48:47,308 - They gave me an award, hm? - Yes. 2638 02:48:48,793 --> 02:48:53,371 You all thought that I had lost the ability to understand what had started. 2639 02:48:54,191 --> 02:48:55,214 So... 2640 02:48:55,504 --> 02:48:59,504 The award really wasn't for me, it was for all of you, hm? 2641 02:49:01,504 --> 02:49:08,504 Now it's your turn to deal with the consequences of your achievement. 2642 02:49:09,504 --> 02:49:13,504 And one day, when they've punished you enough, 2643 02:49:15,003 --> 02:49:19,003 they'll serve you salmon and potato salad. 2644 02:49:22,504 --> 02:49:24,504 Like speeches. 2645 02:49:25,791 --> 02:49:27,791 Give you a medal. 2646 02:49:29,440 --> 02:49:30,440 Frank... 2647 02:49:30,440 --> 02:49:32,440 You are happy unhappy. 2648 02:49:38,497 --> 02:49:42,497 Pat you on the back, tell you all is forgiven. 2649 02:49:43,553 --> 02:49:44,904 Just remember, 2650 02:49:46,404 --> 02:49:48,490 it won't be for you. 2651 02:49:53,490 --> 02:49:55,490 It will be for them. 2652 02:50:08,278 --> 02:50:09,278 Albert. 2653 02:50:11,364 --> 02:50:14,450 when I came to you with those calculations, 2654 02:50:14,450 --> 02:50:20,450 we thought we might start a chain reaction that would destroy the entire world. 2655 02:50:20,450 --> 02:50:24,871 I remember as well. What happened? 2656 02:50:28,475 --> 02:50:30,475 I believe we did. 214958

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