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Downloaded from
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[ SILENCE ]
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
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[ THUNDER RUMBLES ]
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A CO-FOUNDER OF THE SOCIAL
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NEWS AND ENTERTAINMENT WEBSITE
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REDDIT HAS BEEN FOUND DEAD.
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HE CERTAINLY WAS A PRODIGY,
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ALTHOUGH HE NEVER KIND OF
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THOUGHT OF HIMSELF LIKE THAT.
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HE WAS TOTALLY UNEXCITED
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ABOUT STUDYING BUSINESSES AND
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MAKING MONEY.
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THERE'S A PROFOUND SENSE OF
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LOSS TONIGHT IN HIGHLAND PARK,
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AARON SWARTZ'S HOMETOWN, AS
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LOVED ONES SAY GOODBYE TO ONE OF
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THE INTERNET'S BRIGHTEST LIGHTS.
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...OPEN ACCESS AND COMPUTER
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ACTIVISTS ARE MOURNING HIS LOSS.
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AN ASTONISHING INTELLECT.
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YOU TALK TO PEOPLE WHO KNEW HIM.
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HE WAS KILLED BY THE
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GOVERNMENT, AND MIT BETRAYED ALL
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OF ITS BASIC PRINCIPLES.
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THEY WANTED TO MAKE AN
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EXAMPLE OUT OF HIM, OKAY?
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GOVERNMENTS HAVE AN
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INSATIABLE DESIRE TO CONTROL.
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HE WAS POTENTIALLY FACING 35
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YEARS IN PRISON AND A $1 MILLION
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FINE.
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RAISING QUESTIONS OR
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PROSECUTORIAL ZEAL AND I WOULD
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SAY EVEN MISCONDUCT.
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HAVE YOU LOOKED INTO THAT
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PARTICULAR MATTER AND REACHED
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ANY CONCLUSIONS?
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GROWING UP, YOU KNOW, I
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SLOWLY HAD THIS PROCESS OF
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REALIZING THAT ALL THE THINGS
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AROUND ME THAT PEOPLE HAD TOLD
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ME WERE JUST THE NATURAL WAY
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THINGS WERE, THE WAY THINGS
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ALWAYS WOULD BE.
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THEY WEREN'T NATURAL AT ALL.
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THEY WERE THINGS THAT COULD BE
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CHANGED, AND THEY WERE THINGS
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THAT, MORE IMPORTANTLY, WERE
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WRONG AND SHOULD CHANGE.
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AND ONCE I REALIZED THAT, THERE
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WAS REALLY KIND OF NO GOING
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BACK.
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WELCOME TO STORY READING TIME.
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THE NAME OF THE BOOK IS
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"PADDINGTON AT THE FAIR."
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WELL, HE WAS BORN IN
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HIGHLAND PARK AND GREW UP HERE.
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AARON CAME FROM A FAMILY OF
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THREE BROTHERS, ALL
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EXTRAORDINARILY BRIGHT.
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THE BOX IS TIPPING OVER!
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AAH!
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SO, WE WERE ALL, YOU KNOW,
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NOT THE BEST-BEHAVED CHILDREN,
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AND, YOU KNOW, THREE BOYS
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RUNNING AROUND ALL THE TIME
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CAUSING TROUBLE.
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HEY, NO, NO, NO.
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AARON!
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WHAT?
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BUT I'VE COME TO THE
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REALIZATION AARON LEARNED HOW TO
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LEARN AT A VERY YOUNG AGE.
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1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
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6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
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KNOCK, KNOCK.
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WHO'S THERE?
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AARON.
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AARON WHO?
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AARON FUNNYMAN.
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HE KNEW WHAT HE WANTED, AND
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HE ALWAYS WANTED TO DO IT.
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HE ALWAYS ACCOMPLISHED WHAT HE
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WANTED.
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HIS CURIOSITY WAS ENDLESS.
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HERE'S A LITTLE PICTURE OF
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WHAT THE PLANETS ARE.
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AND EACH PLANET HAS A SYMBOL.
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MERCURY'S SYMBOL, VENUS' SYMBOL,
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EARTH'S SYMBOL, MARS' SYMBOL,
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JUPITER'S SYMBOL...
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ONE DAY HE SAID TO SUSAN,
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"WHAT'S THIS FREE FAMILY
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ENTERTAINMENT DOWNTOWN
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HIGHLAND PARK?"
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FREE FAMILY ENTERTAINMENT
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DOWNTOWN HIGHLAND PARK.
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HE WAS 3 AT THE TIME, AND SHE
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SAID, "WHAT ARE YOU TALKING
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ABOUT?"
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HE SAID, "LOOK, IT SAYS HERE ON
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THE REFRIGERATOR.
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FREE FAMILY ENTERTAINMENT
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DOWNTOWN HIGHLAND PARK."
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AND SO, SHE WAS FLOORED AND
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ASTONISHED THAT HE COULD READ.
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IT'S CALLED
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"MY FAMILY SEDER."
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"THE SEDER NIGHT IS DIFFERENT
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FROM ALL OTHER NIGHTS."
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I REMEMBER ONCE WE WERE AT
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
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LIBRARY.
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I PULLED A BOOK OFF THE SHELF
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THAT WAS FROM LIKE 1900 AND
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SHOWED HIM AND SAID, YOU KNOW,
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"THIS IS REALLY JUST AN
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EXTRAORDINARY PLACE."
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WE ALL WERE CURIOUS CHILDREN,
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BUT AARON REALLY LIKED LEARNING
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AND REALLY LIKED TEACHING.
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AND TODAY WE'RE GOING TO
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LEARN THE ABCs BACKWARDS.
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Z, Y, X, W, V, U, T...
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I REMEMBER HE CAME HOME FROM
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HIS FIRST ALGEBRA CLASS, AND HE
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WAS LIKE, "NOAH, LET ME TEACH
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YOU ALGEBRA."
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AND I'M LIKE, "WHAT IS ALGEBRA?"
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AND HE WAS ALWAYS LIKE THAT.
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NOW YOU PRESS THE CLICK
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BUTTON.
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THERE. NOW IT'S GOT THAT.
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NOW IT'S IN PEACE.
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WHEN HE WAS ABOUT 2 OR 3
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YEARS OLD AND BOB INTRODUCED HIM
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TO COMPUTERS, THEN HE JUST TOOK
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OFF LIKE CRAZY ON THEM.
140
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GO PRESS THAT ONE TO A, B, C.
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WE ALL HAD COMPUTERS, BUT
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AARON REALLY TOOK TO THEM,
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REALLY TOOK TO THE INTERNET.
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LOOKING AT THE COMPUTER?
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UH-HUH.
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MOMMY, WHY IS NOTHING WORKING?
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HE STARTED PROGRAMMING FROM A
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REALLY YOUNG AGE.
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I REMEMBER THE FIRST PROGRAM
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THAT I WROTE WITH HIM WAS IN
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BASIC, AND IT WAS A "STAR WARS"
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TRIVIA GAME.
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HE SAT DOWN WITH ME IN THE
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BASEMENT WHERE THE COMPUTER WAS
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FOR HOURS PROGRAMMING THIS GAME.
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THE PROBLEM THAT I KEPT HAVING
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WITH HIM IS THERE WAS NOTHING
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THAT I WANTED DONE, AND TO HIM,
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THERE WAS ALWAYS SOMETHING TO
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DO, ALWAYS SOMETHING THAT
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PROGRAMMING COULD SOLVE.
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THE WAY AARON ALWAYS SAW IT IS
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THAT PROGRAMMING IS MAGIC,
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RIGHT?
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YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH THESE THINGS
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THAT NORMAL HUMANS CAN'T.
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AARON MADE AN ATM USING,
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LIKE, A MACINTOSH AND, LIKE, A
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CARDBOARD BOX.
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ONE YEAR FOR HALLOWEEN, I
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DIDN'T KNOW WHAT I WANTED TO BE,
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AND HE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE
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REALLY, REALLY COOL IF I DRESSED
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UP LIKE HIS NEW FAVORITE
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COMPUTER, WHICH, AT THE TIME,
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WAS THE ORIGINAL iMAC.
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I MEAN, HE HATED DRESSING UP FOR
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HALLOWEEN, BUT HE LOVED
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CONVINCING OTHER PEOPLE TO DRESS
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UP AS THINGS THAT HE WANTED TO
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SEE.
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AARON. HOST, AARON.
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GUYS, COME ON.
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LOOK AT THE CAMERA.
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HE MADE THIS WEBSITE CALLED
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"THE INFO," WHERE PEOPLE CAN
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JUST FILL IN INFORMATION.
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LIKE, I'M SURE SOMEONE OUT THERE
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KNOWS ALL ABOUT GOLD, GOLD
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LEAFING.
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WHY DON'T THEY WRITE ABOUT THAT
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ON THIS WEBSITE?
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AND THEN OTHER PEOPLE COULD
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COME AT A LATER POINT AND READ
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THAT INFORMATION AND EDIT THE
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INFORMATION IF THEY THOUGHT IT
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WAS BAD, NOT TOO DISSIMILAR FROM
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WIKIPEDIA, RIGHT?
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00:06:45,473 --> 00:06:47,908
AND THIS WAS BEFORE WIKIPEDIA
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HAD BEGUN, AND THIS WAS
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DEVELOPED BY A 12-YEAR-OLD IN
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HIS ROOM BY HIMSELF RUNNING ON,
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YOU KNOW, THIS TINY SERVER USING
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ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY.
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AND ONE OF THE TEACHERS'
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RESPONSE LIKE, "THIS IS A
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TERRIBLE IDEA.
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YOU CAN'T JUST, LIKE, LET ANYONE
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AUTHOR THE DICTI-- LIKE, AUTHOR
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00:07:05,793 --> 00:07:06,860
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
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00:07:06,860 --> 00:07:07,995
THE WHOLE REASON WE HAVE
212
00:07:07,995 --> 00:07:09,396
SCHOLARS IS TO WRITE THESE BOOKS
213
00:07:09,396 --> 00:07:09,997
FOR US.
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HOW DID YOU EVER HAVE SUCH A
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00:07:11,264 --> 00:07:12,099
TERRIBLE IDEA?"
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ME AND MY OTHER BROTHER WOULD BE
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LIKE, "OH, YOU KNOW, YEAH,
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00:07:15,268 --> 00:07:16,904
WIKIPEDIA'S COOL, BUT WE HAD
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00:07:16,904 --> 00:07:18,305
THAT IN OUR HOUSE LIKE FIVE
220
00:07:18,305 --> 00:07:20,541
YEARS AGO."
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00:07:20,541 --> 00:07:23,544
AARON'S WEBSITE, theinfo.org,
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00:07:23,544 --> 00:07:25,946
WINS A SCHOOL COMPETITION HOSTED
223
00:07:25,946 --> 00:07:27,447
BY THE CAMBRIDGE-BASED
224
00:07:27,447 --> 00:07:33,253
WEB-DESIGN FIRM ArsDigita.
225
00:07:33,253 --> 00:07:35,155
WE ALL WENT TO CAMBRIDGE WHEN
226
00:07:35,155 --> 00:07:36,857
HE WON THE ArsDigita PRIZE.
227
00:07:36,857 --> 00:07:38,425
AND, YOU KNOW, WE HAD NO CLUE
228
00:07:38,425 --> 00:07:39,893
WHAT AARON WAS DOING.
229
00:07:39,893 --> 00:07:41,495
IT WAS OBVIOUS THAT THE PRIZE
230
00:07:41,495 --> 00:07:43,363
WAS REALLY IMPORTANT.
231
00:07:43,363 --> 00:07:45,198
AARON SOON BECAME INVOLVED
232
00:07:45,198 --> 00:07:46,800
WITH ONLINE PROGRAMMING
233
00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:48,502
COMMUNITIES THEN IN THE PROCESS
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00:07:48,502 --> 00:07:50,370
OF SHAPING A NEW TOOL FOR THE
235
00:07:50,370 --> 00:07:50,938
WEB.
236
00:07:50,938 --> 00:07:52,239
HE COMES UP TO ME AND IS
237
00:07:52,239 --> 00:07:53,841
LIKE, "BEN, THERE'S THIS REALLY
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AWESOME THING THAT I'M WORKING
239
00:07:55,242 --> 00:07:55,509
ON.
240
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YOU NEED TO HEAR ABOUT IT."
241
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I'M LIKE, "YEAH, WHAT IS IT?"
242
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SAYS, "IT'S THIS THING CALLED
243
00:07:59,479 --> 00:08:01,615
RSS."
244
00:08:01,615 --> 00:08:03,250
AND HE EXPLAINS TO ME WHAT RSS
245
00:08:03,250 --> 00:08:03,517
IS.
246
00:08:03,517 --> 00:08:05,452
I'M LIKE, "WHY IS THAT USEFUL,
247
00:08:05,452 --> 00:08:06,186
AARON?
248
00:08:06,186 --> 00:08:08,055
LIKE, IS ANY SITE USING IT?
249
00:08:08,055 --> 00:08:10,023
LIKE, WHY WOULD I WANT TO USE
250
00:08:10,023 --> 00:08:11,091
IT?"
251
00:08:11,091 --> 00:08:12,926
THERE WAS THIS MAILING LIST
252
00:08:12,926 --> 00:08:14,528
FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE WORKING ON
253
00:08:14,528 --> 00:08:16,429
RSS AND XML MORE GENERALLY, AND
254
00:08:16,429 --> 00:08:18,298
THERE WAS A PERSON ON IT NAMED
255
00:08:18,298 --> 00:08:20,200
AARON SWARTZ WHO WAS COMBATIVE
256
00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:22,135
BUT VERY SMART AND WHO HAD LOTS
257
00:08:22,135 --> 00:08:23,136
OF GOOD IDEAS.
258
00:08:23,136 --> 00:08:24,838
AND HE DIDN'T EVER COME TO THE
259
00:08:24,838 --> 00:08:26,373
FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGS, AND THEY
260
00:08:26,373 --> 00:08:28,041
SAID, YOU KNOW, "WHEN ARE YOU
261
00:08:28,041 --> 00:08:29,543
GONNA COME OUT TO ONE OF THESE
262
00:08:29,543 --> 00:08:31,311
FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGS?"
263
00:08:31,311 --> 00:08:32,913
AND HE SAID, YOU KNOW, "I DON'T
264
00:08:32,913 --> 00:08:34,147
THINK MY MOM WOULD LET ME.
265
00:08:34,147 --> 00:08:37,050
YOU KNOW, I JUST TURNED 14."
266
00:08:37,050 --> 00:08:38,485
AND SO THEIR FIRST REACTION WAS,
267
00:08:38,485 --> 00:08:40,020
WELL, YOU KNOW, "THIS PERSON,
268
00:08:40,020 --> 00:08:41,221
THIS COLLEAGUE WE'VE BEEN
269
00:08:41,221 --> 00:08:42,556
WORKING WITH ALL YEAR, WAS 13
270
00:08:42,556 --> 00:08:44,091
YEARS OLD WHILE WE'RE WORKING
271
00:08:44,091 --> 00:08:45,358
HIM, AND HE'S ONLY 14 NOW."
272
00:08:45,358 --> 00:08:46,927
AND THEIR SECOND REACTION WAS,
273
00:08:46,927 --> 00:08:48,361
"CHRIST, WE REALLY WANT TO MEET
274
00:08:48,361 --> 00:08:48,896
HIM."
275
00:08:48,896 --> 00:08:50,463
YOU KNOW, THAT'S EXTRAORDINARY.
276
00:08:50,463 --> 00:08:52,165
HE WAS PART OF THE COMMITTEE
277
00:08:52,165 --> 00:08:53,233
THAT DRAFTED RSS.
278
00:08:53,233 --> 00:08:55,135
WHAT HE WAS DOING WAS TO HELP
279
00:08:55,135 --> 00:08:57,938
BUILD THE PLUMBING FOR MODERN
280
00:08:57,938 --> 00:08:59,039
HYPERTEXT.
281
00:08:59,039 --> 00:09:00,608
AND THE PIECE THAT HE WAS
282
00:09:00,608 --> 00:09:02,576
WORKING ON, RSS, WAS A TOOL THAT
283
00:09:02,576 --> 00:09:04,477
YOU CAN USE TO GET SUMMARIES OF
284
00:09:04,477 --> 00:09:06,246
THINGS THAT ARE GOING ON IN
285
00:09:06,246 --> 00:09:08,015
OTHER WEB PAGES.
286
00:09:08,015 --> 00:09:09,617
MOST COMMONLY WOULD USE THIS FOR
287
00:09:09,617 --> 00:09:10,283
A BLOG.
288
00:09:10,283 --> 00:09:12,219
YOU MIGHT HAVE 10 OR 20 PEOPLE'S
289
00:09:12,219 --> 00:09:13,587
BLOGS YOU WANT TO READ.
290
00:09:13,587 --> 00:09:15,422
YOU USE THEIR RSS FEEDS, THESE
291
00:09:15,422 --> 00:09:17,357
SUMMARIES OF WHAT'S GOING ON, ON
292
00:09:17,357 --> 00:09:19,226
THOSE OTHER PAGES, TO CREATE A
293
00:09:19,226 --> 00:09:21,028
UNIFIED LIST OF ALL THE STUFF
294
00:09:21,028 --> 00:09:22,129
THAT'S GOING ON.
295
00:09:22,129 --> 00:09:23,597
AARON WAS REALLY YOUNG, BUT HE
296
00:09:23,597 --> 00:09:25,365
UNDERSTOOD THE TECHNOLOGY AND HE
297
00:09:25,365 --> 00:09:26,967
SAW THAT IT WAS IMPERFECT AND
298
00:09:26,967 --> 00:09:28,501
LOOKED FOR WAYS TO HELP MAKE IT
299
00:09:28,501 --> 00:09:35,042
BETTER.
300
00:09:35,042 --> 00:09:36,376
SO, HIS MOM STARTED BUNDLING
301
00:09:36,376 --> 00:09:37,510
HIM ON PLANES IN CHICAGO.
302
00:09:37,510 --> 00:09:38,445
WE'D PICK HIM UP IN
303
00:09:38,445 --> 00:09:39,246
SAN FRANCISCO.
304
00:09:39,246 --> 00:09:40,280
WE'D INTRODUCE HIM TO
305
00:09:40,280 --> 00:09:41,481
INTERESTING PEOPLE TO ARGUE
306
00:09:41,481 --> 00:09:41,982
WITH.
307
00:09:41,982 --> 00:09:43,550
AND WE'D MARVEL AT HIS HORRIFIC
308
00:09:43,550 --> 00:09:44,484
EATING HABITS.
309
00:09:44,484 --> 00:09:45,953
HE ONLY ATE WHITE FOOD.
310
00:09:45,953 --> 00:09:47,587
ONLY, LIKE, YOU KNOW, STEAMED
311
00:09:47,587 --> 00:09:49,422
RICE -- NOT FRIED RICE, 'CAUSE
312
00:09:49,422 --> 00:09:51,058
THAT WASN'T SUFFICIENTLY
313
00:09:51,058 --> 00:09:52,960
WHITE -- AND WHITE BREAD AND SO
314
00:09:52,960 --> 00:09:53,293
ON.
315
00:09:53,293 --> 00:09:54,527
AND, YOU KNOW, YOU KIND OF
316
00:09:54,527 --> 00:09:56,063
MARVEL AT THE QUALITY OF THE
317
00:09:56,063 --> 00:09:57,430
DEBATE EMERGING FROM THIS WHAT
318
00:09:57,430 --> 00:09:58,732
APPEARED TO BE A SMALL BOY'S
319
00:09:58,732 --> 00:10:00,333
MOUTH, AND YOU THINK, YOU KNOW,
320
00:10:00,333 --> 00:10:01,568
"THIS IS A KID WHO'S REALLY
321
00:10:01,568 --> 00:10:03,203
GONNA GO SOMEWHERE IF HE DOESN'T
322
00:10:03,203 --> 00:10:04,071
DIE OF SCURVY."
323
00:10:04,071 --> 00:10:05,673
AARON, YOU'RE UP.
324
00:10:05,673 --> 00:10:07,174
I THINK THE DIFFERENCE IS
325
00:10:07,174 --> 00:10:08,308
THAT NOW YOU CAN'T MAKE
326
00:10:08,308 --> 00:10:09,710
COMPANIES, LIKE DOC WAS SAYING.
327
00:10:09,710 --> 00:10:11,244
YOU CAN'T HAVE COMPANIES THAT
328
00:10:11,244 --> 00:10:12,612
JUST, YOU KNOW, LET'S SELL DOG
329
00:10:12,612 --> 00:10:14,247
FOOD OVER THE INTERNET, SELL DOG
330
00:10:14,247 --> 00:10:15,315
FOOD OVER CELLPHONES.
331
00:10:15,315 --> 00:10:16,549
BUT THERE'S STILL A LOT OF
332
00:10:16,549 --> 00:10:17,584
INNOVATION GOING ON.
333
00:10:17,584 --> 00:10:19,086
I THINK IF YOU DON'T SEE THE
334
00:10:19,086 --> 00:10:20,453
INNOVATION, MAYBE YOUR HEAD IS
335
00:10:20,453 --> 00:10:21,221
IN THE SAND.
336
00:10:21,221 --> 00:10:22,589
HE TAKES ON THIS ALPHA-NERD
337
00:10:22,589 --> 00:10:24,157
PERSONALITY WHERE HE'S SORT OF
338
00:10:24,157 --> 00:10:25,492
LIKE, "I'M SMARTER THAN YOU.
339
00:10:25,492 --> 00:10:26,994
AND BECAUSE I'M SMARTER THAN
340
00:10:26,994 --> 00:10:28,395
YOU, I'M BETTER THAN YOU AND I
341
00:10:28,395 --> 00:10:29,596
CAN TELL YOU WHAT TO DO."
342
00:10:29,596 --> 00:10:31,699
IT'S AN EXTENSION OF, LIKE, HIM
343
00:10:31,699 --> 00:10:33,633
BEING KIND OF LIKE A TWERP.
344
00:10:33,633 --> 00:10:34,634
[ CHUCKLES ]
345
00:10:34,634 --> 00:10:36,069
SO, YOU AGGREGATE ALL THESE
346
00:10:36,069 --> 00:10:37,270
COMPUTERS TOGETHER, AND NOW
347
00:10:37,270 --> 00:10:38,505
THEY'RE SOLVING BIG PROBLEMS,
348
00:10:38,505 --> 00:10:39,740
LIKE SEARCHING FOR ALIENS OR
349
00:10:39,740 --> 00:10:44,111
TRYING TO CURE CANCER.
350
00:10:44,111 --> 00:10:45,979
FIRST MET HIM IN IRC --
351
00:10:45,979 --> 00:10:47,380
INTERNET RELAY CHAT.
352
00:10:47,380 --> 00:10:49,349
AND HE DIDN'T JUST WRITE CODE.
353
00:10:49,349 --> 00:10:51,151
HE ALSO SORT OF GOT PEOPLE
354
00:10:51,151 --> 00:10:53,153
EXCITED ABOUT SOLVING PROBLEMS.
355
00:10:53,153 --> 00:10:54,521
HE WAS A CONNECTOR.
356
00:10:54,521 --> 00:10:56,656
THE FREE CULTURE MOVEMENT HAD A
357
00:10:56,656 --> 00:10:58,191
LOT OF HIS ENERGY.
358
00:10:58,191 --> 00:11:00,460
I THINK AARON WAS TRYING TO MAKE
359
00:11:00,460 --> 00:11:01,661
THE WORLD WORK.
360
00:11:01,661 --> 00:11:03,463
HE WAS TRYING TO FIX IT.
361
00:11:03,463 --> 00:11:05,032
HE HAD A VERY KIND OF STRONG
362
00:11:05,032 --> 00:11:06,299
PERSONALITY THAT DEFINITELY
363
00:11:06,299 --> 00:11:08,368
RUFFLED FEATHERS AT TIMES.
364
00:11:08,368 --> 00:11:10,037
IT WASN'T NECESSARILY THE CASE
365
00:11:10,037 --> 00:11:11,538
THAT HE WAS ALWAYS COMFORTABLE
366
00:11:11,538 --> 00:11:13,106
IN THE WORLD AND THE WORLD
367
00:11:13,106 --> 00:11:14,607
WASN'T ALWAYS COMFORTABLE WITH
368
00:11:14,607 --> 00:11:18,545
HIM.
369
00:11:18,545 --> 00:11:20,147
AARON GOT INTO HIGH SCHOOL
370
00:11:20,147 --> 00:11:21,448
AND WAS REALLY JUST SICK OF
371
00:11:21,448 --> 00:11:22,082
SCHOOL.
372
00:11:22,082 --> 00:11:23,083
HE DIDN'T LIKE IT.
373
00:11:23,083 --> 00:11:24,317
HE DIDN'T LIKE ANY OF THE
374
00:11:24,317 --> 00:11:25,786
CLASSES THAT WERE BEING TAUGHT.
375
00:11:25,786 --> 00:11:27,320
HE DIDN'T LIKE THE TEACHERS.
376
00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:28,789
AARON REALLY KNEW, LIKE, HOW TO
377
00:11:28,789 --> 00:11:29,723
GET INFORMATION.
378
00:11:29,723 --> 00:11:31,424
HE WAS LIKE, "I DON'T NEED TO GO
379
00:11:31,424 --> 00:11:33,060
TO THIS TEACHER TO LEARN HOW TO
380
00:11:33,060 --> 00:11:33,660
DO GEOMETRY.
381
00:11:33,660 --> 00:11:35,495
I CAN JUST READ THE GEOMETRY
382
00:11:35,495 --> 00:11:36,129
BOOK.
383
00:11:36,129 --> 00:11:37,831
AND I DON'T NEED TO GO TO THIS
384
00:11:37,831 --> 00:11:39,733
TEACHER TO LEARN THEIR VERSION
385
00:11:39,733 --> 00:11:41,201
OF AMERICAN HISTORY.
386
00:11:41,201 --> 00:11:42,569
I HAVE, LIKE, THREE HISTORICAL
387
00:11:42,569 --> 00:11:43,536
COMPILATIONS HERE.
388
00:11:43,536 --> 00:11:44,604
I CAN JUST READ THEM.
389
00:11:44,604 --> 00:11:46,206
AND I'M NOT INTERESTED IN THAT.
390
00:11:46,206 --> 00:11:47,607
I'M INTERESTED IN THE WEB."
391
00:11:48,041 --> 00:11:49,109
WAS VERY FRUSTRATED WITH
392
00:11:49,109 --> 00:11:49,442
SCHOOL.
393
00:11:49,442 --> 00:11:50,410
I THOUGHT, YOU KNOW, THE
394
00:11:50,410 --> 00:11:51,578
TEACHERS DIDN'T KNOW WHAT THEY
395
00:11:51,578 --> 00:11:52,780
WERE TALKING ABOUT AND THEY WERE
396
00:11:52,780 --> 00:11:54,181
VERY DOMINEERING AND CONTROLLING
397
00:11:54,181 --> 00:11:55,315
AND THE HOMEWORK WAS KIND OF A
398
00:11:55,315 --> 00:11:56,383
SHAM.
399
00:11:56,383 --> 00:11:57,785
AND IT WAS JUST, LIKE, YOU KNOW,
400
00:11:57,785 --> 00:11:59,186
ALL A WAY TO PIN STUDENTS
401
00:11:59,186 --> 00:12:00,553
TOGETHER AND FORCE THEM TO DO
402
00:12:00,553 --> 00:12:01,254
BUSY WORK.
403
00:12:01,254 --> 00:12:02,689
AND, YOU KNOW, I STARTED READING
404
00:12:02,689 --> 00:12:04,157
BOOKS ABOUT, LIKE, THE HISTORY
405
00:12:04,157 --> 00:12:05,358
OF EDUCATION AND HOW THIS
406
00:12:05,358 --> 00:12:06,794
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED
407
00:12:06,794 --> 00:12:08,361
AND, YOU KNOW, ALTERNATIVES TO
408
00:12:08,361 --> 00:12:09,696
IT AND WAYS THAT PEOPLE COULD
409
00:12:09,696 --> 00:12:11,331
ACTUALLY LEARN THINGS AS OPPOSED
410
00:12:11,331 --> 00:12:12,766
TO JUST REGURGITATING FACTS THAT
411
00:12:12,766 --> 00:12:13,733
TEACHERS TOLD THEM.
412
00:12:13,733 --> 00:12:15,235
AND THAT KIND OF LED ME DOWN
413
00:12:15,235 --> 00:12:16,669
THIS PATH OF QUESTIONING THINGS.
414
00:12:16,669 --> 00:12:18,205
YOU KNOW, ONCE I QUESTIONED THE
415
00:12:18,205 --> 00:12:19,539
SCHOOL I WAS IN OR QUESTIONED
416
00:12:19,539 --> 00:12:20,774
THE SOCIETY THAT BUILT THE
417
00:12:20,774 --> 00:12:22,142
SCHOOL, I QUESTIONED THE
418
00:12:22,142 --> 00:12:23,376
BUSINESSES THE SCHOOLS WERE
419
00:12:23,376 --> 00:12:24,611
TRAINING PEOPLE FOR, AND I
420
00:12:24,611 --> 00:12:25,846
QUESTIONED THE GOVERNMENT THAT,
421
00:12:25,846 --> 00:12:27,147
YOU KNOW, SET UP THIS WHOLE
422
00:12:27,147 --> 00:12:27,547
STRUCTURE.
423
00:12:27,547 --> 00:12:28,816
ONE OF THE THINGS HE WAS MOST
424
00:12:28,816 --> 00:12:30,217
PASSIONATE ABOUT WAS COPYRIGHT,
425
00:12:30,217 --> 00:12:31,451
ESPECIALLY IN THOSE EARLY DAYS.
426
00:12:31,451 --> 00:12:33,486
COPYRIGHT HAS ALWAYS BEEN
427
00:12:33,486 --> 00:12:35,488
SOMETHING OF A BURDEN ON THE
428
00:12:35,488 --> 00:12:37,424
PUBLISHING INDUSTRY AND ON
429
00:12:37,424 --> 00:12:39,326
READERS, BUT IT WASN'T AN
430
00:12:39,326 --> 00:12:40,593
EXCESSIVE BURDEN.
431
00:12:40,593 --> 00:12:42,595
IT WAS A REASONABLE INSTITUTION
432
00:12:42,595 --> 00:12:44,497
TO HAVE IN PLACE TO MAKE SURE
433
00:12:44,497 --> 00:12:45,833
THAT PEOPLE GOT PAID.
434
00:12:45,833 --> 00:12:47,634
WHAT AARON'S GENERATION
435
00:12:47,634 --> 00:12:49,702
EXPERIENCED WAS THE COLLISION
436
00:12:49,702 --> 00:12:51,839
BETWEEN THIS ANTIQUE COPYRIGHT
437
00:12:51,839 --> 00:12:53,473
SYSTEM AND THIS AMAZING, NEW
438
00:12:53,473 --> 00:12:55,208
THING WE WERE TRYING TO BUILD,
439
00:12:55,208 --> 00:12:56,576
THE INTERNET AND THE WEB.
440
00:12:56,576 --> 00:12:58,345
THESE THINGS COLLIDED, AND WHAT
441
00:12:58,345 --> 00:13:01,714
WE GOT WAS CHAOS.
442
00:13:01,714 --> 00:13:03,350
HE THEN MET HARVARD LAW
443
00:13:03,350 --> 00:13:04,852
PROFESSOR LAWRENCE LESSIG, WHO
444
00:13:04,852 --> 00:13:06,619
WAS THEN CHALLENGING COPYRIGHT
445
00:13:06,619 --> 00:13:08,188
LAW IN THE SUPREME COURT.
446
00:13:08,188 --> 00:13:09,689
A YOUNG AARON SWARTZ FLEW TO
447
00:13:09,689 --> 00:13:11,358
WASHINGTON TO LISTEN TO THE
448
00:13:11,358 --> 00:13:12,659
SUPREME COURT HEARINGS.
449
00:13:12,659 --> 00:13:14,427
I AM AARON SWARTZ, AND I AM
450
00:13:14,427 --> 00:13:16,296
HERE TO LISTEN TO THE -- TO SEE
451
00:13:16,296 --> 00:13:17,464
THE ELDRED ARGUMENT.
452
00:13:17,464 --> 00:13:19,332
WHY DID YOU FLY OUT HERE FROM
453
00:13:19,332 --> 00:13:21,301
CHICAGO AND COME ALL THIS WAY TO
454
00:13:21,301 --> 00:13:22,502
SEE THE ELDRED ARGUMENT?
455
00:13:22,502 --> 00:13:23,803
THAT'S A MORE DIFFICULT
456
00:13:23,803 --> 00:13:28,475
QUESTION.
457
00:13:28,475 --> 00:13:31,544
'CAUSE I -- I DON'T KNOW.
458
00:13:31,544 --> 00:13:33,146
VERY EXCITING TO SEE THE SUPREME
459
00:13:33,146 --> 00:13:34,314
COURT, ESPECIALLY SUCH A
460
00:13:34,314 --> 00:13:36,149
PRESTIGIOUS CASE AS THIS ONE.
461
00:13:41,621 --> 00:13:43,190
LESSIG WAS ALSO MOVING
462
00:13:43,190 --> 00:13:44,824
FORWARD WITH A NEW WAY TO DEFINE
463
00:13:44,824 --> 00:13:46,426
COPYRIGHT ON THE INTERNET.
464
00:13:46,426 --> 00:13:48,661
IT WAS CALLED CREATIVE COMMONS.
465
00:13:48,661 --> 00:13:50,363
SO, THE SIMPLE IDEA OF
466
00:13:50,363 --> 00:13:51,965
CREATIVE COMMONS IS TO GIVE
467
00:13:51,965 --> 00:13:53,967
PEOPLE CREATORS, A SIMPLE WAY TO
468
00:13:53,967 --> 00:13:56,369
MARK THEIR CREATIVITY WITH THE
469
00:13:56,369 --> 00:13:58,906
FREEDOMS THEY INTENDED TO CARRY.
470
00:13:58,906 --> 00:14:00,573
SO, IF COPYRIGHT IS ALL ABOUT
471
00:14:00,573 --> 00:14:02,242
"ALL RIGHTS RESERVED," THEN THIS
472
00:14:02,242 --> 00:14:03,510
IS A KIND OF "SOME RIGHTS
473
00:14:03,510 --> 00:14:04,177
RESERVED."
474
00:14:04,177 --> 00:14:05,578
I WANT A SIMPLE WAY TO SAY TO
475
00:14:05,578 --> 00:14:06,947
YOU, "HERE'S WHAT YOU CAN DO
476
00:14:06,947 --> 00:14:08,648
WITH MY WORK, EVEN IF THERE ARE
477
00:14:08,648 --> 00:14:10,283
OTHER THINGS WHICH YOU NEED TO
478
00:14:10,283 --> 00:14:11,784
GET MY PERMISSION BEFORE YOU CAN
479
00:14:11,784 --> 00:14:12,852
DO."
480
00:14:12,852 --> 00:14:14,321
AND AARON'S ROLE WAS THE
481
00:14:14,321 --> 00:14:15,222
COMPUTER PART.
482
00:14:15,222 --> 00:14:16,689
LIKE, HOW DO YOU ARCHITECT THE
483
00:14:16,689 --> 00:14:18,425
LICENSES SO IT'LL BE SIMPLE AND
484
00:14:18,425 --> 00:14:19,927
UNDERSTANDABLE AND EXPRESSED IN
485
00:14:19,927 --> 00:14:21,461
A WAY THAT MACHINES COULD
486
00:14:21,461 --> 00:14:22,262
PROCESS IT?
487
00:14:22,262 --> 00:14:23,763
AND PEOPLE ARE LIKE, "WHY DO
488
00:14:23,763 --> 00:14:25,232
YOU HAVE THIS, YOU KNOW,
489
00:14:25,232 --> 00:14:26,599
15-YEAR-OLD KID WRITING THE
490
00:14:26,599 --> 00:14:27,800
SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE
491
00:14:27,800 --> 00:14:28,801
CREATIVE COMMONS?
492
00:14:28,801 --> 00:14:30,003
LIKE, DON'T YOU THINK THAT'S A
493
00:14:30,003 --> 00:14:30,737
HUGE MISTAKE?"
494
00:14:30,737 --> 00:14:31,905
AND LARRY'S LIKE, "THE BIGGEST
495
00:14:31,905 --> 00:14:33,240
MISTAKE WE WOULD HAVE IS NOT
496
00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:34,841
LISTENING TO THIS KID."
497
00:14:34,841 --> 00:14:36,409
HE BARELY IS NOT EVEN TALL
498
00:14:36,409 --> 00:14:37,844
ENOUGH TO GET OVER THE PODIUM,
499
00:14:37,844 --> 00:14:39,446
AND IT WASN'T THESE MOVEABLE
500
00:14:39,446 --> 00:14:39,879
PODIUMS.
501
00:14:39,879 --> 00:14:41,481
IT WAS AN EMBARRASSING THING
502
00:14:41,481 --> 00:14:42,983
WHERE ONCE HE PUT HIS SCREEN UP,
503
00:14:42,983 --> 00:14:44,484
NOBODY COULD SEE HIS FACE.
504
00:14:44,484 --> 00:14:45,718
[ CHUCKLES ]
505
00:14:45,718 --> 00:14:47,620
WHEN YOU COME TO OUR WEBSITE
506
00:14:47,620 --> 00:14:49,289
HERE AND YOU GO TO "CHOOSE
507
00:14:49,289 --> 00:14:51,224
LICENSE," IT GIVES YOU THIS LIST
508
00:14:51,224 --> 00:14:52,926
OF OPTIONS AND EXPLAINS WHAT IT
509
00:14:52,926 --> 00:14:53,994
MEANS.
510
00:14:53,994 --> 00:14:55,828
AND YOU FILL OUT THREE SIMPLE
511
00:14:55,828 --> 00:14:56,629
QUESTIONS.
512
00:14:56,629 --> 00:14:57,998
"DO YOU WANT TO REQUIRE
513
00:14:57,998 --> 00:14:58,932
ATTRIBUTION?"
514
00:14:58,932 --> 00:15:00,900
"DO YOU WANT TO ALLOW COMMERCIAL
515
00:15:00,900 --> 00:15:02,102
USES OF YOUR WORK?"
516
00:15:02,102 --> 00:15:03,536
"DO YOU WANT TO ALLOW
517
00:15:03,536 --> 00:15:05,038
MODIFICATIONS OF YOUR WORK?"
518
00:15:05,038 --> 00:15:06,773
I WAS FLOORED -- JUST
519
00:15:06,773 --> 00:15:08,875
COMPLETELY FLABBERGASTED -- THAT
520
00:15:08,875 --> 00:15:10,877
THESE ADULTS REGARDED HIM AS AN
521
00:15:10,877 --> 00:15:11,578
ADULT.
522
00:15:11,578 --> 00:15:12,946
AND AARON STOOD UP THERE IN
523
00:15:12,946 --> 00:15:14,647
FRONT OF A WHOLE AUDIENCE FULL
524
00:15:14,647 --> 00:15:16,016
OF PEOPLE AND JUST STARTED
525
00:15:16,016 --> 00:15:17,717
TALKING ABOUT THE PLATFORM THAT
526
00:15:17,717 --> 00:15:18,718
HE'D CREATED FOR
527
00:15:18,718 --> 00:15:19,719
CREATIVE COMMONS.
528
00:15:19,719 --> 00:15:21,354
AND THEY WERE ALL LISTENING TO
529
00:15:21,354 --> 00:15:21,654
HIM.
530
00:15:21,654 --> 00:15:23,856
JUST, I WAS SITTING AT THE BACK
531
00:15:23,856 --> 00:15:25,858
THINKING, "HE'S JUST A KID.
532
00:15:25,858 --> 00:15:28,295
WHY ARE THEY LISTENING TO HIM?"
533
00:15:28,295 --> 00:15:29,029
BUT THEY DID.
534
00:15:29,029 --> 00:15:30,463
WELL, I DON'T THINK I
535
00:15:30,463 --> 00:15:31,764
COMPREHENDED IT FULLY.
536
00:15:31,764 --> 00:15:33,566
THOUGH CRITICS HAVE SAID IT
537
00:15:33,566 --> 00:15:35,335
DOES LITTLE TO ENSURE ARTISTS
538
00:15:35,335 --> 00:15:36,869
GET PAID FOR THEIR WORK, THE
539
00:15:36,869 --> 00:15:38,738
SUCCESS OF CREATIVE COMMONS HAS
540
00:15:38,738 --> 00:15:39,706
BEEN ENORMOUS.
541
00:15:39,706 --> 00:15:41,708
CURRENTLY ON THE WEBSITE FLICKR
542
00:15:41,708 --> 00:15:43,676
ALONE, OVER 200 MILLION PEOPLE
543
00:15:43,676 --> 00:15:44,811
USE SOME FORM OF
544
00:15:44,811 --> 00:15:46,546
CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE.
545
00:15:46,546 --> 00:15:49,449
HE CONTRIBUTED THROUGH HIS
546
00:15:49,449 --> 00:15:52,519
TECHNICAL ABILITIES, AND YET IT
547
00:15:52,519 --> 00:15:55,055
WAS NOT SIMPLY A TECHNICAL
548
00:15:55,055 --> 00:15:56,789
MATTER TO HIM.
549
00:15:56,789 --> 00:15:59,392
AARON OFTEN WROTE CANDIDLY IN
550
00:15:59,392 --> 00:16:00,893
HIS PERSONAL BLOG.
551
00:16:00,893 --> 00:16:03,396
"I THINK DEEPLY ABOUT THINGS,
552
00:16:03,396 --> 00:16:04,931
AND I WANT OTHERS TO DO
553
00:16:04,931 --> 00:16:05,832
LIKEWISE.
554
00:16:05,832 --> 00:16:07,867
I WORK FOR IDEAS AND LEARN FROM
555
00:16:07,867 --> 00:16:08,601
PEOPLE.
556
00:16:08,601 --> 00:16:10,603
I DON'T LIKE EXCLUDING PEOPLE.
557
00:16:10,603 --> 00:16:12,672
I'M A PERFECTIONIST, BUT I WON'T
558
00:16:12,672 --> 00:16:14,474
LET THAT GET IN THE WAY OF
559
00:16:14,474 --> 00:16:15,442
PUBLICATION.
560
00:16:15,442 --> 00:16:16,676
EXCEPT FOR EDUCATION AND
561
00:16:16,676 --> 00:16:18,345
ENTERTAINMENT, I'M NOT GOING TO
562
00:16:18,345 --> 00:16:19,746
WASTE MY TIME ON THINGS THAT
563
00:16:19,746 --> 00:16:20,880
WON'T HAVE AN IMPACT.
564
00:16:20,880 --> 00:16:22,349
I TRY TO BE FRIENDS WITH
565
00:16:22,349 --> 00:16:23,883
EVERYONE, BUT I HATE IT WHEN YOU
566
00:16:23,883 --> 00:16:25,752
DON'T TAKE ME SERIOUSLY.
567
00:16:25,752 --> 00:16:27,487
I DON'T HOLD GRUDGES.
568
00:16:27,487 --> 00:16:28,955
IT'S NOT PRODUCTIVE.
569
00:16:28,955 --> 00:16:31,391
BUT I LEARN FROM MY EXPERIENCE.
570
00:16:31,391 --> 00:16:33,526
I WANT TO MAKE THE WORLD A
571
00:16:33,526 --> 00:16:39,832
BETTER PLACE."
572
00:16:39,832 --> 00:16:41,501
IN 2004, SWARTZ LEAVES
573
00:16:41,501 --> 00:16:43,103
HIGHLAND PARK AND ENROLLS IN
574
00:16:43,103 --> 00:16:44,537
STANFORD UNIVERSITY.
575
00:16:44,537 --> 00:16:45,972
HE HAD HAD ULCERATIVE
576
00:16:45,972 --> 00:16:47,540
COLITIS, WHICH WAS VERY
577
00:16:47,540 --> 00:16:49,509
TROUBLING, AND WE WERE CONCERNED
578
00:16:49,509 --> 00:16:51,478
ABOUT HIM TAKING HIS MEDICATION.
579
00:16:51,478 --> 00:16:53,113
HE GOT HOSPITALIZED, AND HE
580
00:16:53,113 --> 00:16:54,847
WOULD TAKE THIS COCKTAIL OF
581
00:16:54,847 --> 00:16:55,948
PILLS EVERY DAY.
582
00:16:55,948 --> 00:16:57,650
AND ONE OF THOSE PILLS WAS A
583
00:16:57,650 --> 00:16:59,052
STEROID, WHICH STUNTED HIS
584
00:16:59,052 --> 00:17:00,687
GROWTH AND MADE HIM FEEL
585
00:17:00,687 --> 00:17:02,489
DIFFERENT FROM ANY OF THE OTHER
586
00:17:02,489 --> 00:17:03,556
STUDENTS.
587
00:17:03,556 --> 00:17:05,058
AARON, I THINK, SHOWS UP AT
588
00:17:05,058 --> 00:17:06,526
STANFORD READY TO DO A
589
00:17:06,526 --> 00:17:08,428
SCHOLARSHIP AND FINDS HIMSELF IN
590
00:17:08,428 --> 00:17:09,829
EFFECTIVELY A BABYSITTING
591
00:17:09,829 --> 00:17:11,398
PROGRAM FOR OVERACHIEVING
592
00:17:11,398 --> 00:17:13,933
HIGH-SCHOOLERS WHO, IN FOUR
593
00:17:13,933 --> 00:17:16,603
YEARS, ARE MEANT TO BECOME, YOU
594
00:17:16,603 --> 00:17:19,038
KNOW, CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY AND
595
00:17:19,038 --> 00:17:20,640
ONE-PERCENTERS.
596
00:17:20,640 --> 00:17:23,710
AND, LIKE, I THINK IT JUST MADE
597
00:17:23,710 --> 00:17:25,078
HIM BANANAS.
598
00:17:25,078 --> 00:17:27,414
IN 2005, AFTER ONLY ONE YEAR
599
00:17:27,414 --> 00:17:29,649
OF COLLEGE, SWARTZ WAS OFFERED A
600
00:17:29,649 --> 00:17:31,518
SPOT AT THE NEW START-UP
601
00:17:31,518 --> 00:17:33,052
INCUBATION FIRM CALLED
602
00:17:33,052 --> 00:17:34,687
Y COMBINATOR, LED BY
603
00:17:34,687 --> 00:17:35,722
PAUL GRAHAM.
604
00:17:35,722 --> 00:17:37,657
HE'S LIKE, "HEY, I HAVE THIS
605
00:17:37,657 --> 00:17:39,126
IDEA FOR A WEBSITE," AND
606
00:17:39,126 --> 00:17:41,094
PAUL GRAHAM LIKES HIM ENOUGH AND
607
00:17:41,094 --> 00:17:42,562
SAYS, "YEAH, SURE."
608
00:17:42,562 --> 00:17:43,863
SO AARON DROPS OUT OF SCHOOL,
609
00:17:43,863 --> 00:17:45,798
MOVES TO THIS APARTMENT.
610
00:17:45,798 --> 00:17:47,600
SO, THIS USED TO BE AARON'S
611
00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:49,502
APARTMENT WHEN HE MOVED HERE.
612
00:17:49,502 --> 00:17:51,504
I HAVE BIG MEMORIES OF MY FATHER
613
00:17:51,504 --> 00:17:53,173
TELLING ME HOW DIFFICULT IT WAS
614
00:17:53,173 --> 00:17:55,074
TO GET A LEASE, 'CAUSE AARON HAD
615
00:17:55,074 --> 00:17:56,943
NO CREDIT AND HE DROPPED OUT OF
616
00:17:56,943 --> 00:17:58,010
COLLEGE.
617
00:17:58,010 --> 00:17:59,679
AARON LIVED IN WHAT'S NOW THE
618
00:17:59,679 --> 00:18:01,181
LIVING ROOM, AND SOME OF THE
619
00:18:01,181 --> 00:18:02,915
POSTERS ARE LEFT OVER FROM WHEN
620
00:18:02,915 --> 00:18:03,950
AARON LIVED HERE.
621
00:18:03,950 --> 00:18:05,051
AND THEN THE LIBRARY.
622
00:18:05,051 --> 00:18:06,819
THERE ARE MORE BOOKS, BUT A LOT
623
00:18:06,819 --> 00:18:10,857
OF THEM ARE AARON'S.
624
00:18:10,857 --> 00:18:13,193
AARON'S Y COMBINATOR SITE WAS
625
00:18:13,193 --> 00:18:15,728
CALLED INFOGAMI, A TOOL TO BUILD
626
00:18:15,728 --> 00:18:16,663
WEBSITES.
627
00:18:16,663 --> 00:18:18,531
BUT INFOGAMI STRUGGLES TO FIND
628
00:18:18,531 --> 00:18:20,133
USERS, AND SWARTZ EVENTUALLY
629
00:18:20,133 --> 00:18:22,068
MERGES HIS COMPANY WITH ANOTHER
630
00:18:22,068 --> 00:18:23,970
Y COMBINATOR PROJECT IN NEED OF
631
00:18:23,970 --> 00:18:24,604
HELP.
632
00:18:24,604 --> 00:18:26,005
IT WAS A PROJECT HEADED BY
633
00:18:26,005 --> 00:18:27,840
STEVE HUFFMAN AND ALEXIS OHANIAN
634
00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:29,242
CALLED REDDIT.
635
00:18:29,242 --> 00:18:30,910
THERE WE WERE STARTING FROM
636
00:18:30,910 --> 00:18:32,579
ALMOST NOTHING -- NO USERS, NO
637
00:18:32,579 --> 00:18:34,013
MONEY, NO CODE -- AND GROWING
638
00:18:34,013 --> 00:18:35,715
DAY BY DAY INTO A HUGELY POPULAR
639
00:18:35,715 --> 00:18:36,183
WEBSITE.
640
00:18:36,183 --> 00:18:37,684
AND IT SHOWED NO SIGNS OF
641
00:18:37,684 --> 00:18:38,451
LETTING UP.
642
00:18:38,451 --> 00:18:39,952
FIRST WE HAD 1,000 USERS, THEN
643
00:18:39,952 --> 00:18:41,688
10,000, THEN 20,000, AND ON AND
644
00:18:41,688 --> 00:18:41,988
ON.
645
00:18:41,988 --> 00:18:43,723
IT WAS JUST INCREDIBLE.
646
00:18:43,723 --> 00:18:45,792
REDDIT BECOMES HUGE, AND IT'S
647
00:18:45,792 --> 00:18:47,794
A REAL SORT OF GEEKY CORNER OF
648
00:18:47,794 --> 00:18:51,498
THE INTERNET.
649
00:18:51,498 --> 00:18:54,567
THERE'S A LOT OF HUMOR, THERE'S
650
00:18:54,567 --> 00:18:57,570
A LOT OF ART, AND THERE'S JUST
651
00:18:57,570 --> 00:19:01,208
PEOPLE WHO FLOCK TO THE SITE AND
652
00:19:01,208 --> 00:19:03,276
MAKE THAT SITE THE MAIN SITE
653
00:19:03,276 --> 00:19:05,612
THEY GO TO EVERY MORNING TO GET
654
00:19:05,612 --> 00:19:07,079
THEIR NEWS.
655
00:19:07,079 --> 00:19:09,582
REDDIT KIND OF JUST BORDERS ON
656
00:19:09,582 --> 00:19:11,851
CHAOS AT SOME LEVEL, SO ON THE
657
00:19:11,851 --> 00:19:14,053
ONE HAND, IT'S A PLACE WHERE
658
00:19:14,053 --> 00:19:16,623
PEOPLE DISCUSS NEWS OF THE DAY,
659
00:19:16,623 --> 00:19:18,191
TECHNOLOGY, POLITICS, AND
660
00:19:18,191 --> 00:19:20,193
ISSUES, AND YET THERE IS A LOT
661
00:19:20,193 --> 00:19:22,128
OF KIND OF NOT-SAFE-FOR-WORK
662
00:19:22,128 --> 00:19:24,096
MATERIAL, OFFENSIVE MATERIAL.
663
00:19:24,096 --> 00:19:26,699
THERE'S SOME SUB-REDDITS WHERE
664
00:19:26,699 --> 00:19:28,901
TROLLS FIND A WELCOME HOME.
665
00:19:28,901 --> 00:19:30,670
AND SO, IN THAT SENSE, REDDIT
666
00:19:30,670 --> 00:19:32,038
HAS BEEN KIND OF HOME TO
667
00:19:32,038 --> 00:19:33,306
CONTROVERSY, AS WELL.
668
00:19:33,306 --> 00:19:35,141
IT KIND OF SITS ON THAT EDGE OF
669
00:19:35,141 --> 00:19:35,808
CHAOS.
670
00:19:35,808 --> 00:19:37,644
REDDIT CATCHES THE ATTENTION
671
00:19:37,644 --> 00:19:39,312
OF THE CORPORATE MAGAZINE GIANT
672
00:19:39,312 --> 00:19:40,980
CONDé NAST, WHO MAKES AN OFFER
673
00:19:40,980 --> 00:19:42,048
TO BUY THE COMPANY.
674
00:19:42,048 --> 00:19:43,550
SOME LARGE AMOUNT OF MONEY,
675
00:19:43,550 --> 00:19:44,784
LARGE ENOUGH THAT MY DAD WAS
676
00:19:44,784 --> 00:19:46,052
GETTING BUGGED WITH QUESTIONS
677
00:19:46,052 --> 00:19:49,155
ABOUT, LIKE, "HOW DO I STORE
678
00:19:49,155 --> 00:19:50,857
THIS MONEY?"
679
00:19:50,857 --> 00:19:51,991
LIKE, A LOT OF MONEY.
680
00:19:51,991 --> 00:19:53,092
LIKE, A LOT OF MONEY.
681
00:19:53,092 --> 00:19:55,295
LIKE...
682
00:19:55,295 --> 00:19:57,730
PROBABLY MORE THAN A MILLION
683
00:19:57,730 --> 00:19:59,266
DOLLARS, BUT I DON'T ACTUALLY
684
00:19:59,266 --> 00:19:59,866
KNOW.
685
00:19:59,866 --> 00:20:01,133
AND HE IS HOW OLD AT THE
686
00:20:01,133 --> 00:20:01,668
TIME?
687
00:20:01,668 --> 00:20:04,203
LIKE 19, 20.
688
00:20:04,203 --> 00:20:06,573
SO, HE WAS IN THIS APARTMENT.
689
00:20:06,573 --> 00:20:08,808
THEY, LIKE, SAT AROUND ON WHAT
690
00:20:08,808 --> 00:20:11,077
PREDATED THESE COUCHES, HACKING
691
00:20:11,077 --> 00:20:12,044
ON REDDIT.
692
00:20:12,044 --> 00:20:14,080
AND WHEN THEY SOLD REDDIT, THEY
693
00:20:14,080 --> 00:20:16,182
THREW A GIANT PARTY AND THEN ALL
694
00:20:16,182 --> 00:20:18,217
FLEW OUT TO CALIFORNIA THE NEXT
695
00:20:18,217 --> 00:20:22,789
DAY AND LEFT THE KEYS WITH ME.
696
00:20:22,789 --> 00:20:23,756
IT WAS FUNNY.
697
00:20:23,756 --> 00:20:24,991
YOU KNOW, HE JUST SOLD A
698
00:20:24,991 --> 00:20:26,559
START-UP, SO WE ALL KIND OF
699
00:20:26,559 --> 00:20:27,960
PRESUMED HE WAS THE RICHEST
700
00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:29,696
PERSON AROUND, BUT HE SAID, "OH,
701
00:20:29,696 --> 00:20:31,197
NO, I'LL TAKE THIS TINY, LITTLE
702
00:20:31,197 --> 00:20:32,299
SHOEBOX-SIZED ROOM.
703
00:20:32,299 --> 00:20:33,366
THAT'S ALL I NEED."
704
00:20:33,366 --> 00:20:35,067
LIKE, IT WAS BARELY LARGER THAN
705
00:20:35,067 --> 00:20:35,768
A CLOSET.
706
00:20:35,768 --> 00:20:37,770
THE IDEA OF HIM SPENDING HIS
707
00:20:37,770 --> 00:20:39,038
MONEY ON FANCY OBJECTS JUST
708
00:20:39,038 --> 00:20:40,172
SEEMED SO IMPLAUSIBLE.
709
00:20:40,172 --> 00:20:41,708
HE EXPLAINS, IT'S LIKE, "I
710
00:20:41,708 --> 00:20:43,042
LIKE LIVING IN APARTMENTS, SO
711
00:20:43,042 --> 00:20:44,344
I'M NOT GONNA SPEND A LOT OF
712
00:20:44,344 --> 00:20:45,912
MONEY ON A NEW PLACE TO LIVE.
713
00:20:45,912 --> 00:20:47,213
I'M NOT GONNA BUY A MANSION.
714
00:20:47,213 --> 00:20:48,781
AND I LIKE WEARING JEANS AND A
715
00:20:48,781 --> 00:20:50,216
T-SHIRT, SO I'M NOT GONNA SPEND
716
00:20:50,216 --> 00:20:51,651
ANY MORE MONEY ON CLOTHES.
717
00:20:51,651 --> 00:20:53,152
SO, LIKE, YOU KNOW, IT'S REALLY
718
00:20:53,152 --> 00:20:54,020
NO BIG DEAL."
719
00:20:54,020 --> 00:20:55,722
WHAT IS A BIG DEAL TO SWARTZ
720
00:20:55,722 --> 00:20:57,089
IS HOW TRAFFIC FLOWS ON THE
721
00:20:57,089 --> 00:20:58,791
INTERNET AND WHAT COMMANDS OUR
722
00:20:58,791 --> 00:20:59,859
ATTENTION.
723
00:20:59,859 --> 00:21:00,860
IN THE OLD SYSTEM OF
724
00:21:00,860 --> 00:21:01,794
BROADCASTING, YOU ARE
725
00:21:01,794 --> 00:21:02,862
FUNDAMENTALLY LIMITED BY THE
726
00:21:02,862 --> 00:21:04,030
AMOUNT OF SPACE IN THE AIRWAVES,
727
00:21:04,030 --> 00:21:05,197
YOU KNOW.
728
00:21:05,197 --> 00:21:06,366
YOU CAN ONLY SEND OUT 10
729
00:21:06,366 --> 00:21:07,867
CHANNELS OVER THE AIRWAVES OF
730
00:21:07,867 --> 00:21:08,835
TELEVISION, RIGHT?
731
00:21:08,835 --> 00:21:10,236
OR EVEN WITH CABLE, YOU HAD 500
732
00:21:10,236 --> 00:21:10,903
CHANNELS.
733
00:21:10,903 --> 00:21:12,238
ON THE INTERNET, EVERYBODY CAN
734
00:21:12,238 --> 00:21:13,105
HAVE A CHANNEL.
735
00:21:13,105 --> 00:21:14,407
EVERYONE CAN GET A BLOG OR A
736
00:21:14,407 --> 00:21:15,207
MySpace PAGE.
737
00:21:15,207 --> 00:21:16,809
EVERYONE HAS A WAY OF EXPRESSING
738
00:21:16,809 --> 00:21:17,344
THEMSELVES.
739
00:21:17,344 --> 00:21:18,911
AND SO, WHAT YOU SEE NOW IS NOT
740
00:21:18,911 --> 00:21:20,279
A QUESTION OF WHO GETS ACCESS TO
741
00:21:20,279 --> 00:21:21,080
THE AIRWAVES.
742
00:21:21,080 --> 00:21:22,281
IT'S A QUESTION OF WHO GETS
743
00:21:22,281 --> 00:21:23,816
CONTROL OVER THE WAYS YOU FIND
744
00:21:23,816 --> 00:21:24,216
PEOPLE.
745
00:21:24,216 --> 00:21:25,785
YOU KNOW, YOU START SEEING POWER
746
00:21:25,785 --> 00:21:26,953
CENTRALIZING ON SITES LIKE
747
00:21:26,953 --> 00:21:27,987
GOOGLE, THESE SORT OF
748
00:21:27,987 --> 00:21:29,356
GATEKEEPERS THAT TELL YOU WHERE
749
00:21:29,356 --> 00:21:30,923
ON THE INTERNET YOU WANT TO GO,
750
00:21:30,923 --> 00:21:32,258
THE PEOPLE WHO PROVIDE YOU YOUR
751
00:21:32,258 --> 00:21:33,860
SOURCES OF NEWS AND INFORMATION.
752
00:21:33,860 --> 00:21:35,061
SO, IT'S NOT, YOU KNOW, ONLY
753
00:21:35,061 --> 00:21:36,329
CERTAIN PEOPLE HAVE A LICENSE TO
754
00:21:36,329 --> 00:21:36,829
SPEAK.
755
00:21:36,829 --> 00:21:38,030
NOW EVERYONE HAS A LICENSE TO
756
00:21:38,030 --> 00:21:38,331
SPEAK.
757
00:21:38,331 --> 00:21:39,666
IT'S A QUESTION OF WHO GETS
758
00:21:39,666 --> 00:21:41,300
HEARD.
759
00:21:44,236 --> 00:21:46,238
AFTER HE STARTED WORKING IN
760
00:21:46,238 --> 00:21:48,307
SAN FRANCISCO AT CONDé NAST, HE
761
00:21:48,307 --> 00:21:50,877
COMES INTO THE OFFICE, AND THEY
762
00:21:50,877 --> 00:21:52,178
WANT TO GIVE HIM A COMPUTER WITH
763
00:21:52,178 --> 00:21:53,413
ALL THIS CRAP INSTALLED ON IT
764
00:21:53,413 --> 00:21:54,847
AND SAY THAT HE CAN'T INSTALL
765
00:21:54,847 --> 00:21:56,148
ANY NEW THINGS ON HIS COMPUTER,
766
00:21:56,148 --> 00:21:57,183
WHICH TO A DEVELOPER IS
767
00:21:57,183 --> 00:21:58,785
OUTRAGEOUS, RIGHT?
768
00:21:58,785 --> 00:21:59,852
FROM THE FIRST DAY, HE WAS
769
00:21:59,852 --> 00:22:00,987
COMPLAINING ABOUT ALL THIS
770
00:22:00,987 --> 00:22:04,290
STUFF.
771
00:22:04,290 --> 00:22:05,958
"GRAY WALLS, GRAY DESKS, GRAY
772
00:22:05,958 --> 00:22:06,393
NOISE.
773
00:22:06,393 --> 00:22:08,227
THE FIRST DAY I SHOWED UP HERE,
774
00:22:08,227 --> 00:22:09,862
I SIMPLY COULDN'T TAKE IT.
775
00:22:09,862 --> 00:22:11,398
BY LUNCHTIME, I HAD LITERALLY
776
00:22:11,398 --> 00:22:13,032
LOCKED MYSELF IN A BATHROOM
777
00:22:13,032 --> 00:22:14,401
STALL AND STARTED CRYING.
778
00:22:14,401 --> 00:22:16,102
I CAN'T IMAGINE STAYING SANE
779
00:22:16,102 --> 00:22:17,870
WITH SOMEONE BUZZING IN MY EAR
780
00:22:17,870 --> 00:22:19,406
ALL DAY, LET ALONE GETTING AN
781
00:22:19,406 --> 00:22:20,473
ACTUAL WORK DONE.
782
00:22:20,473 --> 00:22:22,008
NOBODY ELSE SEEMS TO GET WORK
783
00:22:22,008 --> 00:22:22,975
DONE HERE, EITHER.
784
00:22:22,975 --> 00:22:24,343
EVERYBODY'S ALWAYS COMING INTO
785
00:22:24,343 --> 00:22:25,978
OUR ROOM TO HANG OUT AND CHAT OR
786
00:22:25,978 --> 00:22:27,179
INVITE US TO PLAY THE NEW
787
00:22:27,179 --> 00:22:28,781
VIDEO-GAME SYSTEM THAT WIRED IS
788
00:22:28,781 --> 00:22:31,851
TESTING."
789
00:22:31,851 --> 00:22:33,986
HE REALLY HAD DIFFERENT
790
00:22:33,986 --> 00:22:35,822
ASPIRATIONS THAT WERE
791
00:22:35,822 --> 00:22:37,690
POLITICALLY ORIENTED.
792
00:22:37,690 --> 00:22:39,459
AND SILICON VALLEY JUST DOESN'T
793
00:22:39,459 --> 00:22:41,394
REALLY QUITE HAVE THAT CULTURE
794
00:22:41,394 --> 00:22:45,064
THAT ORIENTS TECHNICAL ACTIVITY
795
00:22:45,064 --> 00:22:46,332
FOR THE PURPOSES OF POLITICAL
796
00:22:46,332 --> 00:22:46,899
GOALS.
797
00:22:46,899 --> 00:22:48,134
AARON HATED WORKING FOR A
798
00:22:48,134 --> 00:22:48,868
CORPORATION.
799
00:22:48,868 --> 00:22:50,002
THEY ALL HATE WORKING FOR
800
00:22:50,002 --> 00:22:51,370
CONDé NAST, BUT AARON IS, LIKE,
801
00:22:51,370 --> 00:22:52,839
THE ONLY ONE WHO'S NOT GONNA
802
00:22:52,839 --> 00:22:53,239
TAKE IT.
803
00:22:53,239 --> 00:22:55,007
AND AARON BASICALLY GETS HIMSELF
804
00:22:55,007 --> 00:22:56,509
FIRED BY NOT SHOWING UP TO WORK
805
00:22:56,509 --> 00:23:00,312
EVER.
806
00:23:00,312 --> 00:23:02,114
IT WAS SAID TO BE A MESSY
807
00:23:02,114 --> 00:23:02,849
BREAKUP.
808
00:23:02,849 --> 00:23:04,216
BOTH ALEXIS OHANIAN AND
809
00:23:04,216 --> 00:23:05,952
STEVE HUFFMAN DECLINED TO BE
810
00:23:05,952 --> 00:23:08,421
INTERVIEWED FOR THIS FILM.
811
00:23:08,421 --> 00:23:10,457
HE REJECTED THE BUSINESS
812
00:23:10,457 --> 00:23:11,924
WORLD.
813
00:23:11,924 --> 00:23:13,760
ONE OF THE REALLY IMPORTANT
814
00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:15,528
THINGS TO REMEMBER ABOUT THAT
815
00:23:15,528 --> 00:23:17,396
CHOICE WHEN AARON DECIDED TO
816
00:23:17,396 --> 00:23:19,365
KIND OF LEAVE START-UP CULTURE
817
00:23:19,365 --> 00:23:21,233
IS THAT HE WAS ALSO LEAVING
818
00:23:21,233 --> 00:23:23,235
BEHIND THE THINGS THAT HAD MADE
819
00:23:23,235 --> 00:23:27,073
HIM FAMOUS AND WELL-LOVED.
820
00:23:27,073 --> 00:23:29,175
AND, YOU KNOW, HE WAS AT RISK OF
821
00:23:29,175 --> 00:23:30,443
LETTING DOWN FANS.
822
00:23:30,443 --> 00:23:32,211
HE GOT TO WHERE HE WAS
823
00:23:32,211 --> 00:23:34,346
SUPPOSED TO BE GOING AND HAD THE
824
00:23:34,346 --> 00:23:35,982
SELF-AWARENESS AND THE
825
00:23:35,982 --> 00:23:40,319
ORNERINESS TO REALIZE THAT HE
826
00:23:40,319 --> 00:23:41,854
HAD CLIMBED THE MOUNTAIN OF SHIT
827
00:23:41,854 --> 00:23:43,089
TO PLUCK THE SINGLE ROSE AND
828
00:23:43,089 --> 00:23:44,290
DISCOVERED THAT HE'D LOST HIS
829
00:23:44,290 --> 00:23:45,124
SENSE OF SMELL.
830
00:23:45,124 --> 00:23:47,193
AND RATHER THAN SIT THERE AND
831
00:23:47,193 --> 00:23:49,361
INSIST THAT IT WASN'T AS BAD AS
832
00:23:49,361 --> 00:23:51,363
IT SEEMED AND HE DID GET THE
833
00:23:51,363 --> 00:23:54,100
ROSE IN ANY EVENT, HE CLIMBED
834
00:23:54,100 --> 00:23:57,003
BACK DOWN AGAIN, WHICH IS PRETTY
835
00:23:57,003 --> 00:23:57,837
COOL.
836
00:23:57,837 --> 00:23:59,371
THE WAY AARON ALWAYS SAW IT
837
00:23:59,371 --> 00:24:01,173
IS THAT PROGRAMMING IS MAGIC,
838
00:24:01,173 --> 00:24:01,574
RIGHT?
839
00:24:01,574 --> 00:24:03,375
YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH THESE THINGS
840
00:24:03,375 --> 00:24:04,944
THAT NORMAL HUMANS CAN'T BY
841
00:24:04,944 --> 00:24:06,178
BEING ABLE TO PROGRAM.
842
00:24:06,178 --> 00:24:08,848
SO, IF YOU HAD MAGICAL POWERS,
843
00:24:08,848 --> 00:24:11,317
WOULD YOU USE THEM FOR GOOD OR
844
00:24:11,317 --> 00:24:14,286
TO MAKE YOU MOUNTAINS OF CASH?
845
00:24:14,286 --> 00:24:16,122
SWARTZ WAS INSPIRED BY ONE OF
846
00:24:16,122 --> 00:24:17,924
THE VISIONARIES HE HAD MET AS A
847
00:24:17,924 --> 00:24:19,458
CHILD, THE MAN WHO HAD INVENTED
848
00:24:19,458 --> 00:24:20,793
THE WORLD WIDE WEB,
849
00:24:20,793 --> 00:24:21,961
TIM BERNERS-LEE.
850
00:24:21,961 --> 00:24:23,863
IN THE 1990s, BERNERS-LEE WAS
851
00:24:23,863 --> 00:24:25,598
ARGUABLY SITTING ON ONE OF THE
852
00:24:25,598 --> 00:24:27,834
MOST LUCRATIVE INVENTIONS OF THE
853
00:24:27,834 --> 00:24:29,502
20th CENTURY, BUT INSTEAD OF
854
00:24:29,502 --> 00:24:31,871
PROFITING FROM THE INVENTION OF
855
00:24:31,871 --> 00:24:34,006
THE WORLD WIDE WEB, HE GAVE IT
856
00:24:34,006 --> 00:24:35,141
AWAY FOR FREE.
857
00:24:35,141 --> 00:24:37,209
IT IS THE ONLY REASON THE WORLD
858
00:24:37,209 --> 00:24:40,146
WIDE WEB EXISTS TODAY.
859
00:24:40,146 --> 00:24:42,448
AARON IS CERTAINLY DEEPLY
860
00:24:42,448 --> 00:24:44,183
INFLUENCED BY TIM.
861
00:24:44,183 --> 00:24:46,185
TIM IS CERTAINLY A VERY
862
00:24:46,185 --> 00:24:48,855
PROMINENT EARLY INTERNET GENIUS
863
00:24:48,855 --> 00:24:50,189
WHO DOESN'T IN ANY SENSE CASH
864
00:24:50,189 --> 00:24:50,489
OUT.
865
00:24:50,489 --> 00:24:52,024
HE'S NOT AT ALL INTERESTED IN
866
00:24:52,024 --> 00:24:53,425
HOW HE'S GOING TO FIGURE OUT HOW
867
00:24:53,425 --> 00:24:55,394
TO MAKE A BILLION DOLLARS.
868
00:24:55,394 --> 00:24:56,929
PEOPLE WOULD HAVE SEEN, AH,
869
00:24:56,929 --> 00:24:58,297
THERE'S MONEY TO BE MADE THERE.
870
00:24:58,297 --> 00:24:59,566
THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN LOTS OF
871
00:24:59,566 --> 00:25:01,167
LITTLE WEBS INSTEAD OF ONE BIG
872
00:25:01,167 --> 00:25:01,467
ONE.
873
00:25:01,467 --> 00:25:03,069
AND ONE LITTLE WEB AND LOTS OF
874
00:25:03,069 --> 00:25:04,336
LITTLE WEBS DOESN'T WORK,
875
00:25:04,336 --> 00:25:05,872
BECAUSE YOU CAN'T FOLLOW LINKS
876
00:25:05,872 --> 00:25:09,141
FROM ONE TO THE OTHER.
877
00:25:09,141 --> 00:25:10,409
NO, YOU HAVE TO HAVE THE
878
00:25:10,409 --> 00:25:12,011
CRITICAL MASS FOR THIS THING
879
00:25:12,011 --> 00:25:13,212
WITH THE ENTIRE PLANET.
880
00:25:13,212 --> 00:25:14,881
SO, IT'S NOT GONNA WORK UNLESS
881
00:25:14,881 --> 00:25:16,248
THE WHOLE PLANET CAN GET ON
882
00:25:16,248 --> 00:25:21,420
BOARD.
883
00:25:21,420 --> 00:25:24,090
I MEAN, I, YOU KNOW, FEEL
884
00:25:24,090 --> 00:25:25,357
VERY STRONGLY THAT IT'S NOT
885
00:25:25,357 --> 00:25:26,993
ENOUGH TO JUST LIVE IN THE WORLD
886
00:25:26,993 --> 00:25:28,394
AS IT IS, TO JUST KIND OF TAKE
887
00:25:28,394 --> 00:25:30,029
WHAT YOU'RE GIVEN AND, YOU KNOW,
888
00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:31,363
FOLLOW THE THINGS THAT ADULTS
889
00:25:31,363 --> 00:25:32,665
TOLD YOU TO DO AND THAT, YOU
890
00:25:32,665 --> 00:25:34,233
KNOW, YOUR PARENTS TOLD YOU TO
891
00:25:34,233 --> 00:25:35,902
DO AND THAT SOCIETY TELLS YOU TO
892
00:25:35,902 --> 00:25:36,168
DO.
893
00:25:36,168 --> 00:25:37,469
I THINK YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE
894
00:25:37,469 --> 00:25:38,237
QUESTIONING.
895
00:25:38,237 --> 00:25:39,471
YOU KNOW, I TAKE THIS VERY
896
00:25:39,471 --> 00:25:40,640
SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE THAT
897
00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:42,174
EVERYTHING YOU'VE LEARNED IS
898
00:25:42,174 --> 00:25:43,442
JUST PROVISIONAL, THAT, YOU
899
00:25:43,442 --> 00:25:44,644
KNOW, IT'S ALWAYS OPEN TO
900
00:25:44,644 --> 00:25:46,145
RECANTATION OR REFUTATION OR
901
00:25:46,145 --> 00:25:46,946
QUESTIONING.
902
00:25:46,946 --> 00:25:48,347
AND I THINK THE SAME APPLIES TO
903
00:25:48,347 --> 00:25:48,981
SOCIETY.
904
00:25:48,981 --> 00:25:50,516
ONCE I REALIZED THAT THERE WERE
905
00:25:50,516 --> 00:25:51,918
REAL, SERIOUS PROBLEMS,
906
00:25:51,918 --> 00:25:53,352
FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS, THAT I
907
00:25:53,352 --> 00:25:55,087
COULD DO SOMETHING TO ADDRESS, I
908
00:25:55,087 --> 00:25:56,656
DIDN'T SEE A WAY TO FORGET THAT.
909
00:25:56,656 --> 00:26:01,728
I DIDN'T SEE A WAY NOT TO.
910
00:26:01,728 --> 00:26:03,730
WE JUST STARTED SPENDING A
911
00:26:03,730 --> 00:26:05,564
LOT OF TIME JUST KIND OF AS
912
00:26:05,564 --> 00:26:07,667
FRIENDS.
913
00:26:07,667 --> 00:26:10,302
WE WOULD JUST TALK FOR HOURS
914
00:26:10,302 --> 00:26:13,205
INTO THE NIGHT.
915
00:26:13,205 --> 00:26:14,540
I DEFINITELY SHOULD HAVE
916
00:26:14,540 --> 00:26:16,342
UNDERSTOOD THAT HE WAS FLIRTING
917
00:26:16,342 --> 00:26:17,043
WITH ME.
918
00:26:17,043 --> 00:26:18,577
I THINK TO SOME DEGREE, I WAS
919
00:26:18,577 --> 00:26:20,346
LIKE, "THIS IS A TERRIBLE IDEA
920
00:26:20,346 --> 00:26:22,148
AND IMPOSSIBLE, AND THEREFORE I
921
00:26:22,148 --> 00:26:23,382
WILL PRETEND IT IS NOT
922
00:26:23,382 --> 00:26:24,216
HAPPENING."
923
00:26:24,216 --> 00:26:26,185
AS MY MARRIAGE WAS BREAKING DOWN
924
00:26:26,185 --> 00:26:28,120
AND I WAS REALLY STUCK WITH NOT
925
00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:29,622
ANYWHERE TO GO, WE BECAME
926
00:26:29,622 --> 00:26:31,257
ROOMMATES AND BROUGHT MY
927
00:26:31,257 --> 00:26:33,960
DAUGHTER OVER.
928
00:26:33,960 --> 00:26:35,227
WE MOVED IN AND FURNISHED THE
929
00:26:35,227 --> 00:26:36,295
HOUSE, AND IT WAS REALLY
930
00:26:36,295 --> 00:26:36,729
PEACEFUL.
931
00:26:36,729 --> 00:26:38,164
MY LIFE HAD NOT BEEN PEACEFUL
932
00:26:38,164 --> 00:26:39,465
FOR A WHILE, AND REALLY NEITHER
933
00:26:39,465 --> 00:26:45,237
HAD HIS.
934
00:26:45,237 --> 00:26:51,377
WE WERE EXTREMELY CLOSE FROM THE
935
00:26:51,377 --> 00:26:53,179
BEGINNING OF OUR ROMANTIC
936
00:26:53,179 --> 00:26:54,246
RELATIONSHIP.
937
00:26:54,246 --> 00:26:56,282
WE JUST -- WE WERE IN CONSTANT
938
00:26:56,282 --> 00:26:57,083
CONTACT.
939
00:26:57,083 --> 00:26:59,686
BUT WE'RE BOTH REALLY DIFFICULT
940
00:26:59,686 --> 00:27:01,654
PEOPLE TO DEAL WITH.
941
00:27:01,654 --> 00:27:03,756
[ CHUCKLES ]
942
00:27:03,756 --> 00:27:05,357
IN A VERY ALLY McBEAL
943
00:27:05,357 --> 00:27:07,526
DISCUSSION, HE CONFESSED HE HAD
944
00:27:07,526 --> 00:27:09,561
A THEME SONG, AND I MADE HIM
945
00:27:09,561 --> 00:27:11,563
PLAY IT FOR ME.
946
00:27:11,563 --> 00:27:14,166
IT WAS "EXTRAORDINARY MACHINE"
947
00:27:14,166 --> 00:27:15,501
BY FIONA APPLE.
948
00:27:15,501 --> 00:27:17,770
I THINK IT WAS JUST THAT SENSE
949
00:27:17,770 --> 00:27:20,172
OF KIND OF BEING A LITTLE BIT
950
00:27:20,172 --> 00:27:24,376
EMBATTLED THAT THE SONG HAS.
951
00:27:24,376 --> 00:27:26,145
AND IT ALSO HAD, LIKE, THIS
952
00:27:26,145 --> 00:27:27,313
HOPEFULNESS TO IT.
953
00:27:27,313 --> 00:27:28,580
* BY FOOT, IT'S A SLOW
954
00:27:28,580 --> 00:27:29,515
CLIMB *
955
00:27:29,515 --> 00:27:31,583
* BUT I'M GOOD AT BEING
956
00:27:31,583 --> 00:27:32,584
UNCOMFORTABLE *
957
00:27:32,584 --> 00:27:35,387
* SO I CAN'T STOP CHANGING ALL
958
00:27:35,387 --> 00:27:36,155
THE TIME *
959
00:27:36,155 --> 00:27:38,390
IN MANY WAYS, AARON WAS
960
00:27:38,390 --> 00:27:40,760
TREMENDOUSLY OPTIMISTIC ABOUT
961
00:27:40,760 --> 00:27:41,593
LIFE.
962
00:27:41,593 --> 00:27:43,529
EVEN WHEN HE DIDN'T FEEL IT, HE
963
00:27:43,529 --> 00:27:45,464
COULD BE TREMENDOUSLY OPTIMISTIC
964
00:27:45,464 --> 00:27:46,332
ABOUT LIFE.
965
00:27:46,332 --> 00:27:52,471
* EXTRAORDINARY MACHINE
966
00:27:52,471 --> 00:27:54,273
WHAT ARE YOU DOING?
967
00:27:54,273 --> 00:27:58,644
FLICKR HAS VIDEO NOW.
968
00:27:58,644 --> 00:28:00,646
SWARTZ THREW HIS ENERGY INTO
969
00:28:00,646 --> 00:28:02,281
A STRING OF NEW PROJECTS
970
00:28:02,281 --> 00:28:03,783
INVOLVING ACCESS TO PUBLIC
971
00:28:03,783 --> 00:28:05,384
INFORMATION, INCLUDING AN
972
00:28:05,384 --> 00:28:07,253
ACCOUNTABILITY WEBSITE CALLED
973
00:28:07,253 --> 00:28:08,755
watchdog.net AND A PROJECT
974
00:28:08,755 --> 00:28:10,289
CALLED THE OPEN LIBRARY.
975
00:28:10,289 --> 00:28:12,124
THE OPEN LIBRARY PROJECT IS A
976
00:28:12,124 --> 00:28:13,459
WEBSITE YOU CAN VISIT AT
977
00:28:13,459 --> 00:28:15,327
openlibrary.org, AND THE IDEA IS
978
00:28:15,327 --> 00:28:17,096
TO BE A HUGE WIKI, AN EDITABLE
979
00:28:17,096 --> 00:28:18,731
WEBSITE WITH ONE PAGE PER BOOK.
980
00:28:18,731 --> 00:28:20,166
SO, FOR EVERY BOOK EVER
981
00:28:20,166 --> 00:28:21,834
PUBLISHED, WE WANT TO HAVE A WEB
982
00:28:21,834 --> 00:28:23,635
PAGE ABOUT IT THAT COMBINES ALL
983
00:28:23,635 --> 00:28:25,471
THE INFORMATION FROM PUBLISHERS,
984
00:28:25,471 --> 00:28:26,773
FROM BOOK SELLERS, FROM
985
00:28:26,773 --> 00:28:28,474
LIBRARIES, FROM READERS ON TO
986
00:28:28,474 --> 00:28:30,142
ONE SITE AND THEN GIVES YOU
987
00:28:30,142 --> 00:28:31,744
LINKS WHERE YOU CAN BUY IT, YOU
988
00:28:31,744 --> 00:28:33,579
CAN BORROW IT, OR YOU CAN BROWSE
989
00:28:33,579 --> 00:28:34,080
IT.
990
00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:34,814
I LOVE LIBRARIES.
991
00:28:34,814 --> 00:28:36,482
YOU KNOW, I'M THE KIND OF PERSON
992
00:28:36,482 --> 00:28:37,750
WHO GOES TO A NEW CITY AND
993
00:28:37,750 --> 00:28:39,151
IMMEDIATELY SEEKS OUT THE
994
00:28:39,151 --> 00:28:39,618
LIBRARY.
995
00:28:39,618 --> 00:28:41,253
THAT'S THE DREAM OF OPEN LIBRARY
996
00:28:41,253 --> 00:28:42,654
IS BUILDING THIS WEBSITE WHERE
997
00:28:42,654 --> 00:28:44,590
BOTH YOU CAN LEAP FROM BOOK TO
998
00:28:44,590 --> 00:28:46,425
BOOK, FROM PERSON TO AUTHOR,
999
00:28:46,425 --> 00:28:48,494
FROM SUBJECT TO IDEA, GO THROUGH
1000
00:28:48,494 --> 00:28:49,728
THIS VAST TREE OF KNOWLEDGE
1001
00:28:49,728 --> 00:28:51,330
THAT'S BEEN IMBEDDED AND LOST IN
1002
00:28:51,330 --> 00:28:52,631
BIG PHYSICAL LIBRARIES, THAT'S
1003
00:28:52,631 --> 00:28:54,100
HARD TO FIND, THAT'S NOT VERY
1004
00:28:54,100 --> 00:28:55,201
WELL-ACCESSIBLE ONLINE.
1005
00:28:55,201 --> 00:28:56,468
IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE
1006
00:28:56,468 --> 00:28:57,770
BOOKS ARE OUR CULTURAL LEGACY.
1007
00:28:57,770 --> 00:28:59,271
YOU KNOW, BOOKS ARE THE PLACE
1008
00:28:59,271 --> 00:29:00,672
PEOPLE GO TO WRITE THINGS DOWN.
1009
00:29:00,672 --> 00:29:02,174
AND TO HAVE ALL THAT SWALLOWED
1010
00:29:02,174 --> 00:29:04,877
UP BY ONE CORPORATION IS KIND OF
1011
00:29:04,877 --> 00:29:05,577
SCARY.
1012
00:29:05,577 --> 00:29:07,646
HOW CAN YOU BRING PUBLIC
1013
00:29:07,646 --> 00:29:10,349
ACCESS TO THE PUBLIC DOMAIN?
1014
00:29:10,349 --> 00:29:12,118
IT MAY SOUND OBVIOUS THAT YOU'D
1015
00:29:12,118 --> 00:29:13,585
HAVE PUBLIC ACCESS TO PUBLIC
1016
00:29:13,585 --> 00:29:15,287
DOMAIN, BUT THE FACT IT'S NOT
1017
00:29:15,287 --> 00:29:15,687
TRUE.
1018
00:29:15,687 --> 00:29:17,589
SO THE PUBLIC DOMAIN SHOULD BE
1019
00:29:17,589 --> 00:29:19,358
FREE TO ALL, BUT IT'S OFTEN
1020
00:29:19,358 --> 00:29:20,592
LOCKED UP.
1021
00:29:20,592 --> 00:29:22,361
IT IS OFTEN, YOU KNOW, GUARD
1022
00:29:22,361 --> 00:29:22,829
CAGES.
1023
00:29:22,829 --> 00:29:24,730
IT'S LIKE HAVING A NATIONAL PARK
1024
00:29:24,730 --> 00:29:26,498
BUT WITH A MOAT AROUND IT AND
1025
00:29:26,498 --> 00:29:28,334
GUN TURRETS POINTED OUT IN CASE
1026
00:29:28,334 --> 00:29:30,202
SOMEBODY MIGHT WANT TO ACTUALLY
1027
00:29:30,202 --> 00:29:31,603
COME AND ENJOY THE PUBLIC
1028
00:29:31,603 --> 00:29:32,304
DOMAIN.
1029
00:29:32,304 --> 00:29:33,806
ONE OF THE THINGS AARON WAS
1030
00:29:33,806 --> 00:29:35,574
PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN IS
1031
00:29:35,574 --> 00:29:37,376
BRINGING PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE
1032
00:29:37,376 --> 00:29:38,344
PUBLIC DOMAIN.
1033
00:29:38,344 --> 00:29:40,246
IT IS ONE OF THE THINGS THAT GOT
1034
00:29:40,246 --> 00:29:45,251
HIM INTO SO MUCH TROUBLE.
1035
00:29:45,251 --> 00:29:47,786
I HAD BEEN TRYING TO GET
1036
00:29:47,786 --> 00:29:50,789
ACCESS TO FEDERAL COURT RECORDS
1037
00:29:50,789 --> 00:29:53,459
IN THE UNITED STATES.
1038
00:29:53,459 --> 00:29:55,895
WHAT I DISCOVERED WAS A PUZZLING
1039
00:29:55,895 --> 00:29:57,964
SYSTEM CALLED PACER, WHICH
1040
00:29:57,964 --> 00:30:00,366
STANDS FOR "PUBLIC ACCESS TO
1041
00:30:00,366 --> 00:30:02,401
COURT ELECTRONIC RECORDS."
1042
00:30:02,401 --> 00:30:04,703
I STARTED GOOGLING, AND THAT'S
1043
00:30:04,703 --> 00:30:08,174
WHEN I RAN ACROSS CARL MALAMUD.
1044
00:30:08,174 --> 00:30:09,909
ACCESS TO LEGAL MATERIALS IN
1045
00:30:09,909 --> 00:30:11,477
THE UNITED STATES IS A
1046
00:30:11,477 --> 00:30:14,546
$10 BILLION-PER-YEAR BUSINESS.
1047
00:30:14,546 --> 00:30:16,715
PACER IS JUST THIS INCREDIBLE
1048
00:30:16,715 --> 00:30:18,717
ABOMINATION OF GOVERNMENT
1049
00:30:18,717 --> 00:30:19,585
SERVICE.
1050
00:30:19,585 --> 00:30:21,320
IT'S 10 CENTS A PAGE.
1051
00:30:21,320 --> 00:30:22,922
IT'S THIS MOST BRAIN-DEAD CODE
1052
00:30:22,922 --> 00:30:24,223
YOU'VE EVER SEEN.
1053
00:30:24,223 --> 00:30:25,424
YOU CAN'T SEARCH IT.
1054
00:30:25,424 --> 00:30:26,959
YOU CAN'T BOOKMARK ANYTHING.
1055
00:30:26,959 --> 00:30:28,794
YOU GOT TO HAVE A CREDIT CARD.
1056
00:30:28,794 --> 00:30:30,629
AND THESE ARE PUBLIC RECORDS.
1057
00:30:30,629 --> 00:30:32,498
YOU KNOW, U.S. DISTRICT COURTS
1058
00:30:32,498 --> 00:30:33,699
ARE VERY IMPORTANT.
1059
00:30:33,699 --> 00:30:35,634
IT'S WHERE A LOT OF OUR SEMINAL
1060
00:30:35,634 --> 00:30:36,768
LITIGATION STARTS.
1061
00:30:36,768 --> 00:30:38,604
YOU KNOW, CIVIL-RIGHTS CASES,
1062
00:30:38,604 --> 00:30:40,306
PATENT CASES, ALL SORTS OF
1063
00:30:40,306 --> 00:30:40,772
STUFF.
1064
00:30:40,772 --> 00:30:42,708
AND JOURNALISTS AND STUDENTS AND
1065
00:30:42,708 --> 00:30:44,476
CITIZENS AND LAWYERS ALL NEED
1066
00:30:44,476 --> 00:30:46,345
ACCESS TO PACER, AND IT FIGHTS
1067
00:30:46,345 --> 00:30:47,846
THEM EVERY STEP OF THE WAY.
1068
00:30:47,846 --> 00:30:49,848
PEOPLE WITHOUT MEANS CAN'T SEE
1069
00:30:49,848 --> 00:30:51,783
THE LAW AS READILY AS PEOPLE
1070
00:30:51,783 --> 00:30:53,252
THAT HAVE THAT GOLD
1071
00:30:53,252 --> 00:30:54,720
AMERICAN EXPRESS CARD.
1072
00:30:54,720 --> 00:30:56,622
IT'S A POLL TAX ON ACCESS TO
1073
00:30:56,622 --> 00:30:57,689
JUSTICE.
1074
00:30:57,689 --> 00:30:59,625
YOU KNOW, THE LAW IS THE
1075
00:30:59,625 --> 00:31:01,460
OPERATING SYSTEM OF OUR
1076
00:31:01,460 --> 00:31:03,529
DEMOCRACY, AND YOU HAVE TO PAY
1077
00:31:03,529 --> 00:31:04,463
TO SEE IT?
1078
00:31:04,463 --> 00:31:05,764
YOU KNOW, THAT'S NOT MUCH OF A
1079
00:31:05,764 --> 00:31:06,832
DEMOCRACY.
1080
00:31:06,832 --> 00:31:09,001
THEY MAKE ABOUT $120 MILLION
1081
00:31:09,001 --> 00:31:11,337
A YEAR ON THE PACER SYSTEM, AND
1082
00:31:11,337 --> 00:31:13,405
IT DOESN'T COST ANYTHING NEAR
1083
00:31:13,405 --> 00:31:15,407
THAT, ACCORDING TO THEIR OWN
1084
00:31:15,407 --> 00:31:16,242
RECORDS.
1085
00:31:16,242 --> 00:31:18,410
IN FACT, IT'S ILLEGAL.
1086
00:31:18,410 --> 00:31:20,546
THE E-GOVERNMENT ACT OF 2002
1087
00:31:20,546 --> 00:31:22,581
STATES THAT THE COURTS MAY
1088
00:31:22,581 --> 00:31:24,583
CHARGE ONLY TO THE EXTENT
1089
00:31:24,583 --> 00:31:26,885
NECESSARY IN ORDER TO REIMBURSE
1090
00:31:26,885 --> 00:31:33,792
THE COSTS OF RUNNING PACER.
1091
00:31:33,792 --> 00:31:35,361
AS THE FOUNDER OF
1092
00:31:35,361 --> 00:31:37,696
public.resource.org, MALAMUD
1093
00:31:37,696 --> 00:31:39,365
WANTED TO PROTEST THE PACER
1094
00:31:39,365 --> 00:31:39,865
CHARGES.
1095
00:31:39,865 --> 00:31:41,533
HE STARTED A PROGRAM CALLED
1096
00:31:41,533 --> 00:31:43,035
THE PACER RECYCLING PROJECT,
1097
00:31:43,035 --> 00:31:44,836
WHERE PEOPLE COULD UPLOAD PACER
1098
00:31:44,836 --> 00:31:46,638
DOCUMENTS THEY HAD ALREADY PAID
1099
00:31:46,638 --> 00:31:48,507
FOR TO A FREE DATABASE SO OTHERS
1100
00:31:48,507 --> 00:31:49,508
COULD USE THEM.
1101
00:31:49,508 --> 00:31:51,377
THE PACER PEOPLE WERE GETTING
1102
00:31:51,377 --> 00:31:52,979
A LOT OF FLAK FROM CONGRESS AND
1103
00:31:52,979 --> 00:31:54,646
OTHERS ABOUT PUBLIC ACCESS.
1104
00:31:54,646 --> 00:31:56,515
AND SO, THEY PUT TOGETHER THIS
1105
00:31:56,515 --> 00:31:57,016
SYSTEM.
1106
00:31:57,016 --> 00:31:58,684
IN 17 LIBRARIES ACROSS THE
1107
00:31:58,684 --> 00:32:00,586
COUNTRY, THERE WAS FREE PACER
1108
00:32:00,586 --> 00:32:01,087
ACCESS.
1109
00:32:01,087 --> 00:32:02,854
YOU KNOW, THAT'S ONE LIBRARY
1110
00:32:02,854 --> 00:32:04,623
EVERY 22,000 SQUARE MILES, I
1111
00:32:04,623 --> 00:32:06,325
BELIEVE, SO IT WASN'T, LIKE,
1112
00:32:06,325 --> 00:32:07,493
REALLY CONVENIENT.
1113
00:32:07,493 --> 00:32:09,461
I ENCOURAGE VOLUNTEERS TO JOIN A
1114
00:32:09,461 --> 00:32:11,330
SO-CALLED THUMB DRIVE CORPS AND
1115
00:32:11,330 --> 00:32:12,631
DOWNLOAD DOCS FROM THE
1116
00:32:12,631 --> 00:32:14,500
PUBLIC-ACCESS LIBRARIES, UPLOAD
1117
00:32:14,500 --> 00:32:16,035
THEM TO THE PACER RECYCLING
1118
00:32:16,035 --> 00:32:16,635
SITE.
1119
00:32:16,635 --> 00:32:17,970
PEOPLE TAKE A THUMB DRIVE INTO
1120
00:32:17,970 --> 00:32:19,538
ONE OF THESE LIBRARIES AND THEY
1121
00:32:19,538 --> 00:32:20,839
DOWNLOAD A BUNCH OF DOCUMENTS
1122
00:32:20,839 --> 00:32:22,041
AND THEY SEND THEM TO ME.
1123
00:32:22,041 --> 00:32:23,875
AND, I MEAN, IT WAS JUST A JOKE.
1124
00:32:23,875 --> 00:32:25,511
IN FACT, WHEN YOU CLICKED ON
1125
00:32:25,511 --> 00:32:27,079
THUMB DRIVE CORPS, THERE WAS A
1126
00:32:27,079 --> 00:32:28,780
"WIZARD OF OZ," YOU KNOW, THE
1127
00:32:28,780 --> 00:32:29,848
MUNCHKINS SINGING.
1128
00:32:29,848 --> 00:32:31,483
SO, THE VIDEO CLIP CAME UP.
1129
00:32:31,483 --> 00:32:34,320
* WE REPRESENT THE LOLLIPOP
1130
00:32:34,320 --> 00:32:34,820
GUILD *
1131
00:32:34,820 --> 00:32:36,655
BUT, OF COURSE, I GET THIS
1132
00:32:36,655 --> 00:32:38,524
PHONE CALL FROM STEVE SHULTZE
1133
00:32:38,524 --> 00:32:40,326
AND AARON SAYING, "GEE, WE'D
1134
00:32:40,326 --> 00:32:41,427
LIKE TO JOIN THE
1135
00:32:41,427 --> 00:32:42,661
THUMB DRIVE CORPS."
1136
00:32:42,661 --> 00:32:44,563
AROUND THAT TIME, I RAN INTO
1137
00:32:44,563 --> 00:32:45,897
AARON AT A CONFERENCE.
1138
00:32:45,897 --> 00:32:47,833
THIS IS SOMETHING THAT REALLY
1139
00:32:47,833 --> 00:32:49,501
HAS TO BE A COLLABORATION
1140
00:32:49,501 --> 00:32:51,003
BETWEEN A LOT OF DIFFERENT
1141
00:32:51,003 --> 00:32:51,703
PEOPLE.
1142
00:32:51,703 --> 00:32:53,539
SO, I APPROACHED HIM, AND I
1143
00:32:53,539 --> 00:32:55,407
SAID, "HEY, I'M THINKING ABOUT
1144
00:32:55,407 --> 00:32:56,975
AN INTERVENTION ON THE PACER
1145
00:32:56,975 --> 00:32:59,378
PROBLEM."
1146
00:32:59,378 --> 00:33:01,113
SHULTZE HAD ALREADY DEVELOPED
1147
00:33:01,113 --> 00:33:02,481
A PROGRAM THAT COULD
1148
00:33:02,481 --> 00:33:03,982
AUTOMATICALLY DOWNLOAD PACER
1149
00:33:03,982 --> 00:33:05,451
DOCUMENTS FROM THE TRIAL
1150
00:33:05,451 --> 00:33:06,052
LIBRARIES.
1151
00:33:06,052 --> 00:33:08,387
SWARTZ WANTED TO TAKE A LOOK.
1152
00:33:08,387 --> 00:33:10,522
SO, I SHOWED HIM THE CODE,
1153
00:33:10,522 --> 00:33:12,591
AND I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WOULD
1154
00:33:12,591 --> 00:33:14,860
COME NEXT, BUT AS IT TURNS OUT,
1155
00:33:14,860 --> 00:33:16,928
OVER THE COURSE OF THE NEXT FEW
1156
00:33:16,928 --> 00:33:19,031
HOURS AT THAT CONFERENCE, HE WAS
1157
00:33:19,031 --> 00:33:20,732
OFF SITTING IN A CORNER
1158
00:33:20,732 --> 00:33:22,801
IMPROVING MY CODE, RECRUITING A
1159
00:33:22,801 --> 00:33:24,770
FRIEND OF HIS THAT LIVED NEAR
1160
00:33:24,770 --> 00:33:27,039
ONE OF THESE LIBRARIES TO GO
1161
00:33:27,039 --> 00:33:29,708
INTO THE LIBRARY AND TO BEGIN TO
1162
00:33:29,708 --> 00:33:32,411
TEST HIS IMPROVED CODE, AT WHICH
1163
00:33:32,411 --> 00:33:34,413
POINT THE FOLKS AT THE COURTS
1164
00:33:34,413 --> 00:33:36,415
REALIZED SOMETHING'S NOT GOING
1165
00:33:36,415 --> 00:33:37,983
QUITE ACCORDING TO PLAN.
1166
00:33:37,983 --> 00:33:40,052
AND DATA STARTED TO COME IN
1167
00:33:40,052 --> 00:33:42,020
AND COME IN AND COME IN, AND
1168
00:33:42,020 --> 00:33:44,156
SOON THERE WERE 760 GIGABYTES OF
1169
00:33:44,156 --> 00:33:46,425
PACER DOCS -- ABOUT 20 MILLION
1170
00:33:46,425 --> 00:33:48,026
PAGES.
1171
00:33:48,026 --> 00:33:50,028
USING INFORMATION RETRIEVED
1172
00:33:50,028 --> 00:33:52,131
FROM THE TRIAL LIBRARIES, SWARTZ
1173
00:33:52,131 --> 00:33:54,200
WAS CONDUCTING MASSIVE AUTOMATED
1174
00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:56,068
PARALLEL DOWNLOADING OF THE
1175
00:33:56,068 --> 00:33:57,103
PACER SYSTEM.
1176
00:33:57,103 --> 00:33:59,037
HE WAS ABLE TO ACQUIRE NEARLY
1177
00:33:59,037 --> 00:34:00,872
2.7 MILLION FEDERAL COURT
1178
00:34:00,872 --> 00:34:02,841
DOCUMENTS -- ALMOST 20 MILLION
1179
00:34:02,841 --> 00:34:03,909
PAGES OF TEXT.
1180
00:34:03,909 --> 00:34:05,611
NOW, I'LL GRANT YOU THAT
1181
00:34:05,611 --> 00:34:07,413
20 MILLION PAGES HAD PERHAPS
1182
00:34:07,413 --> 00:34:09,181
EXCEEDED THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE
1183
00:34:09,181 --> 00:34:11,117
PEOPLE RUNNING THE PILOT ACCESS
1184
00:34:11,117 --> 00:34:12,784
PROJECT, BUT SURPRISING A
1185
00:34:12,784 --> 00:34:14,453
BUREAUCRAT ISN'T ILLEGAL.
1186
00:34:14,453 --> 00:34:16,155
AARON AND CARL DECIDED TO GO
1187
00:34:16,155 --> 00:34:18,124
TALK TO THE NEW YORK TIMES ABOUT
1188
00:34:18,124 --> 00:34:19,125
WHAT HAPPENED.
1189
00:34:19,125 --> 00:34:20,792
THEY ALSO CAUGHT THE
1190
00:34:20,792 --> 00:34:22,828
ATTENTION OF THE FBI, WHO BEGAN
1191
00:34:22,828 --> 00:34:24,796
TO STAKE OUT SWARTZ'S PARENTS'
1192
00:34:24,796 --> 00:34:26,031
HOUSE IN ILLINOIS.
1193
00:34:26,031 --> 00:34:27,966
BUT I GET A TWEET FROM HIS
1194
00:34:27,966 --> 00:34:30,836
MOTHER SAYING, "CALL ME!"
1195
00:34:30,836 --> 00:34:32,204
SO I'M LIKE, "WHAT THE HELL'S
1196
00:34:32,204 --> 00:34:33,105
GOING ON HERE?"
1197
00:34:33,105 --> 00:34:34,706
AND SO, I FINALLY GOT AHOLD OF
1198
00:34:34,706 --> 00:34:36,074
AARON, AND, YOU KNOW, AARON'S
1199
00:34:36,074 --> 00:34:37,609
MOTHER WAS LIKE, "OH, MY GOD,
1200
00:34:37,609 --> 00:34:39,478
FBI, FBI, FBI."
1201
00:34:39,478 --> 00:34:41,847
AN FBI AGENT DRIVES DOWN OUR
1202
00:34:41,847 --> 00:34:44,516
HOME'S DRIVEWAY TRYING TO SEE IF
1203
00:34:44,516 --> 00:34:46,718
AARON IS, LIKE, IN HIS ROOM.
1204
00:34:46,718 --> 00:34:48,187
AND I REMEMBER BEING HOME THAT
1205
00:34:48,187 --> 00:34:49,855
DAY AND WONDERING WHY THIS CAR
1206
00:34:49,855 --> 00:34:51,457
WAS DRIVING DOWN OUR DRIVEWAY
1207
00:34:51,457 --> 00:34:52,791
AND JUST DRIVING BACK OUT.
1208
00:34:52,791 --> 00:34:55,861
LIKE, "THAT'S WEIRD."
1209
00:34:55,861 --> 00:34:57,763
LIKE, FIVE YEARS LATER, I GET
1210
00:34:57,763 --> 00:34:59,631
THIS FBI FILE, AND I'M LIKE,
1211
00:34:59,631 --> 00:35:00,866
"OH, MY GOODNESS.
1212
00:35:00,866 --> 00:35:03,702
THAT WAS THE FBI AGENT IN MY
1213
00:35:03,702 --> 00:35:04,903
DRIVEWAY."
1214
00:35:04,903 --> 00:35:06,572
HE WAS TERRIFIED.
1215
00:35:06,572 --> 00:35:09,007
HE WAS TOTALLY TERRIFIED.
1216
00:35:09,007 --> 00:35:10,976
HE WAS WAY MORE TERRIFIED AFTER
1217
00:35:10,976 --> 00:35:12,911
THE FBI ACTUALLY CALLED HIM UP
1218
00:35:12,911 --> 00:35:14,946
ON THE PHONE AND TRIED TO SUCKER
1219
00:35:14,946 --> 00:35:17,015
HIM INTO COMING DOWN TO A COFFEE
1220
00:35:17,015 --> 00:35:18,584
SHOP WITHOUT A LAWYER.
1221
00:35:18,584 --> 00:35:20,519
HE SAID HE WENT HOME AND LAID
1222
00:35:20,519 --> 00:35:22,254
DOWN ON THE BED AND, YOU KNOW,
1223
00:35:22,254 --> 00:35:24,823
WAS SHAKING.
1224
00:35:24,823 --> 00:35:26,158
THE DOWNLOADING ALSO
1225
00:35:26,158 --> 00:35:27,826
UNCOVERED MASSIVE PRIVACY
1226
00:35:27,826 --> 00:35:29,161
VIOLATIONS IN THE COURT
1227
00:35:29,161 --> 00:35:29,995
DOCUMENTS.
1228
00:35:29,995 --> 00:35:31,697
ULTIMATELY, THE COURTS WERE
1229
00:35:31,697 --> 00:35:33,565
FORCED TO CHANGE THEIR POLICIES
1230
00:35:33,565 --> 00:35:34,266
AS A RESULT.
1231
00:35:34,266 --> 00:35:36,101
AND THE FBI CLOSED THEIR
1232
00:35:36,101 --> 00:35:38,237
INVESTIGATION WITHOUT BRINGING
1233
00:35:38,237 --> 00:35:39,070
CHARGES.
1234
00:35:39,070 --> 00:35:40,972
TO THIS DAY, I FIND IT
1235
00:35:40,972 --> 00:35:43,141
REMARKABLE THAT ANYBODY EVEN AT
1236
00:35:43,141 --> 00:35:45,143
THE MOST REMOTE PODUNK FIELD
1237
00:35:45,143 --> 00:35:47,112
OFFICE OF THE FBI THOUGHT THAT A
1238
00:35:47,112 --> 00:35:49,080
FITTING USE FOR TAXPAYER DOLLARS
1239
00:35:49,080 --> 00:35:50,882
WAS INVESTIGATING PEOPLE FOR
1240
00:35:50,882 --> 00:35:52,751
CRIMINAL THEFT ON THE GROUNDS
1241
00:35:52,751 --> 00:35:54,253
THAT THEY HAD MADE THE LAW
1242
00:35:54,253 --> 00:35:54,953
PUBLIC.
1243
00:35:54,953 --> 00:35:56,722
HOW CAN YOU CALL YOURSELF A
1244
00:35:56,722 --> 00:35:58,257
LAWMAN AND THINK THAT THERE
1245
00:35:58,257 --> 00:36:00,259
COULD POSSIBLY BE ANYTHING WRONG
1246
00:36:00,259 --> 00:36:02,194
IN THIS WHOLE WORLD WITH MAKING
1247
00:36:02,194 --> 00:36:03,229
THE LAW PUBLIC?
1248
00:36:03,229 --> 00:36:05,197
AARON WAS WILLING TO PUT
1249
00:36:05,197 --> 00:36:07,233
HIMSELF AT RISK FOR THE CAUSES
1250
00:36:07,233 --> 00:36:08,867
THAT HE BELIEVED IN.
1251
00:36:08,867 --> 00:36:10,736
BOTHERED BY WEALTH DISPARITY,
1252
00:36:10,736 --> 00:36:12,571
SWARTZ MOVES BEYOND TECHNOLOGY
1253
00:36:12,571 --> 00:36:14,039
AND INTO A BROADER RANGE OF
1254
00:36:14,039 --> 00:36:15,807
POLITICAL CAUSES.
1255
00:36:15,807 --> 00:36:17,643
I WENT INTO CONGRESS, AND I
1256
00:36:17,643 --> 00:36:19,311
INVITED HIM TO COME AND HANG OUT
1257
00:36:19,311 --> 00:36:21,247
AND INTERN FOR US FOR A WHILE SO
1258
00:36:21,247 --> 00:36:23,081
THAT HE COULD LEARN, YOU KNOW,
1259
00:36:23,081 --> 00:36:24,850
THE POLITICAL PROCESS.
1260
00:36:24,850 --> 00:36:26,652
HE WAS SORT OF LEARNING A NEW
1261
00:36:26,652 --> 00:36:28,320
COMMUNITY, A NEW SET OF SKILLS
1262
00:36:28,320 --> 00:36:30,088
AND KIND OF LEARNING TO HACK
1263
00:36:30,088 --> 00:36:30,856
POLITICS.
1264
00:36:30,856 --> 00:36:32,591
IT SEEMS RIDICULOUS THAT
1265
00:36:32,591 --> 00:36:33,792
MINERS SHOULD HAVE TO HAMMER
1266
00:36:33,792 --> 00:36:35,060
AWAY UNTIL THEIR WHOLE BODIES
1267
00:36:35,060 --> 00:36:36,328
ARE DRIPPING WITH SWEAT, FACED
1268
00:36:36,328 --> 00:36:37,796
WITH THE KNOWLEDGE THAT IF THEY
1269
00:36:37,796 --> 00:36:39,130
DARE TO STOP, THEY WON'T BE ABLE
1270
00:36:39,130 --> 00:36:40,366
TO PUT FOOD ON THE TABLE THAT
1271
00:36:40,366 --> 00:36:41,900
NIGHT WHILE I GET TO MAKE LARGER
1272
00:36:41,900 --> 00:36:43,201
AND LARGER AMOUNTS OF MONEY EACH
1273
00:36:43,201 --> 00:36:44,736
DAY JUST BY SITTING AND WATCHING
1274
00:36:44,736 --> 00:36:46,171
TV.
1275
00:36:46,171 --> 00:36:48,073
BUT APPARENTLY THE WORLD IS
1276
00:36:48,073 --> 00:36:49,040
RIDICULOUS.
1277
00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:50,609
SO, I CO-FOUNDED A GROUP CALLED
1278
00:36:50,609 --> 00:36:51,943
THE PROGRESSIVE CHANGE CAMPAIGN
1279
00:36:51,943 --> 00:36:53,279
COMMITTEE, AND WHAT WE TRY AND
1280
00:36:53,279 --> 00:36:54,813
DO IS WE TRY AND ORGANIZE PEOPLE
1281
00:36:54,813 --> 00:36:56,214
OVER THE INTERNET WHO CARE ABOUT
1282
00:36:56,214 --> 00:36:57,749
PROGRESSIVE POLITICS AND MOVING
1283
00:36:57,749 --> 00:36:58,784
THE COUNTRY IN A MORE
1284
00:36:58,784 --> 00:37:00,252
PROGRESSIVE DIRECTION TO KIND OF
1285
00:37:00,252 --> 00:37:01,753
COME TOGETHER, JOIN OUR E-MAIL
1286
00:37:01,753 --> 00:37:03,054
LIST, JOIN OUR CAMPAIGNS, AND
1287
00:37:03,054 --> 00:37:04,390
HELP GET PROGRESSIVE CANDIDATES
1288
00:37:04,390 --> 00:37:05,891
ELECTED ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
1289
00:37:05,891 --> 00:37:07,659
THE GROUP IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
1290
00:37:07,659 --> 00:37:09,194
IGNITING THE GRASSROOTS EFFORT
1291
00:37:09,194 --> 00:37:10,862
BEHIND THE CAMPAIGN TO ELECT
1292
00:37:10,862 --> 00:37:12,398
ELIZABETH WARREN TO THE SENATE.
1293
00:37:12,398 --> 00:37:14,165
HE MIGHT HAVE THOUGHT IT WAS
1294
00:37:14,165 --> 00:37:15,834
A DUMB SYSTEM, BUT HE CAME IN
1295
00:37:15,834 --> 00:37:17,336
AND HE SAID, "I NEED TO LEARN
1296
00:37:17,336 --> 00:37:19,004
THIS SYSTEM, 'CAUSE IT CAN BE
1297
00:37:19,004 --> 00:37:20,406
MANIPULATED LIKE ANY SOCIAL
1298
00:37:20,406 --> 00:37:21,106
SYSTEM."
1299
00:37:21,106 --> 00:37:22,941
BUT HIS PASSION FOR KNOWLEDGE
1300
00:37:22,941 --> 00:37:24,743
IN LIBRARIES DIDN'T TAKE A BACK
1301
00:37:24,743 --> 00:37:25,110
SEAT.
1302
00:37:25,110 --> 00:37:26,812
AARON BEGAN TO TAKE A CLOSER
1303
00:37:26,812 --> 00:37:28,113
LOOK AT INSTITUTIONS THAT
1304
00:37:28,113 --> 00:37:29,648
PUBLISH ACADEMIC-JOURNAL
1305
00:37:29,648 --> 00:37:30,816
ARTICLES.
1306
00:37:30,816 --> 00:37:32,351
BY VIRTUE OF BEING STUDENTS
1307
00:37:32,351 --> 00:37:34,019
AT A MAJOR U.S. UNIVERSITY, I
1308
00:37:34,019 --> 00:37:35,854
ASSUME THAT YOU HAVE ACCESS TO A
1309
00:37:35,854 --> 00:37:37,188
WIDE VARIETY OF SCHOLARLY
1310
00:37:37,188 --> 00:37:37,923
JOURNALS.
1311
00:37:37,923 --> 00:37:39,157
PRETTY MUCH EVERY MAJOR
1312
00:37:39,157 --> 00:37:40,926
UNIVERSITY IN THE UNITED STATES
1313
00:37:40,926 --> 00:37:42,428
PAYS THESE SORT OF LICENSING
1314
00:37:42,428 --> 00:37:44,229
FEES TO ORGANIZATIONS LIKE JSTOR
1315
00:37:44,229 --> 00:37:46,398
AND THOMSON ISI TO GET ACCESS TO
1316
00:37:46,398 --> 00:37:48,767
SCHOLARLY JOURNALS THAT THE REST
1317
00:37:48,767 --> 00:37:50,268
OF THE WORLD CAN'T READ.
1318
00:37:50,702 --> 00:37:52,704
THESE SCHOLARLY JOURNALS AND
1319
00:37:52,704 --> 00:37:54,406
ARTICLES ARE ESSENTIALLY THE
1320
00:37:54,406 --> 00:37:56,442
ENTIRE WEALTH OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE
1321
00:37:56,442 --> 00:37:58,677
ONLINE, AND MANY HAVE BEEN PAID
1322
00:37:58,677 --> 00:38:00,746
FOR WITH TAXPAYER MONEY OR WITH
1323
00:38:00,746 --> 00:38:01,980
GOVERNMENT GRANTS.
1324
00:38:01,980 --> 00:38:03,915
BUT TO READ THEM, YOU OFTEN HAVE
1325
00:38:03,915 --> 00:38:05,817
TO PAY AGAIN, HANDING OVER STEEP
1326
00:38:05,817 --> 00:38:07,218
FEES TO PUBLISHERS LIKE
1327
00:38:07,218 --> 00:38:08,219
REED ELSEVIER.
1328
00:38:08,219 --> 00:38:09,955
THESE LICENSING FEES ARE SO
1329
00:38:09,955 --> 00:38:11,723
SUBSTANTIAL THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE
1330
00:38:11,723 --> 00:38:13,158
STUDYING IN INDIA INSTEAD OF
1331
00:38:13,158 --> 00:38:14,893
STUDYING IN THE UNITED STATES
1332
00:38:14,893 --> 00:38:16,428
DON'T HAVE THIS KIND OF ACCESS.
1333
00:38:16,428 --> 00:38:18,163
THEY'RE LOCKED OUT FROM ALL OF
1334
00:38:18,163 --> 00:38:19,130
THESE JOURNALS.
1335
00:38:19,130 --> 00:38:20,732
THEY'RE LOCKED OUT FROM OUR
1336
00:38:20,732 --> 00:38:22,067
ENTIRE SCIENTIFIC LEGACY.
1337
00:38:22,067 --> 00:38:23,802
I MEAN, A LOT OF THESE JOURNAL
1338
00:38:23,802 --> 00:38:25,303
ARTICLES, THEY GO BACK TO THE
1339
00:38:25,303 --> 00:38:26,237
ENLIGHTENMENT.
1340
00:38:26,237 --> 00:38:27,906
EVERY TIME SOMEONE HAS WRITTEN
1341
00:38:27,906 --> 00:38:29,341
DOWN A SCIENTIFIC PAPER, IT'S
1342
00:38:29,341 --> 00:38:31,109
BEEN SCANNED, DIGITIZED, AND PUT
1343
00:38:31,109 --> 00:38:32,243
IN THESE COLLECTIONS.
1344
00:38:32,243 --> 00:38:34,045
THAT IS A LEGACY THAT HAS BEEN
1345
00:38:34,045 --> 00:38:35,914
BROUGHT TO US BY THE HISTORY OF
1346
00:38:35,914 --> 00:38:37,683
PEOPLE DOING INTERESTING WORK,
1347
00:38:37,683 --> 00:38:39,117
THE HISTORY OF SCIENTISTS.
1348
00:38:39,117 --> 00:38:41,019
IT'S A LEGACY THAT SHOULD BELONG
1349
00:38:41,019 --> 00:38:42,888
TO US AS A COMMONS, AS A PEOPLE.
1350
00:38:42,888 --> 00:38:44,790
BUT INSTEAD, IT'S BEEN LOCKED UP
1351
00:38:44,790 --> 00:38:46,392
AND PUT ONLINE BY A HANDFUL OF
1352
00:38:46,392 --> 00:38:48,326
FOR-PROFIT CORPORATIONS WHO THEN
1353
00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:50,128
TRY AND GET THE MAXIMUM PROFIT
1354
00:38:50,128 --> 00:38:52,364
THEY CAN OUT OF IT.
1355
00:38:52,798 --> 00:38:55,066
SO, A RESEARCHER PAID BY
1356
00:38:55,066 --> 00:38:57,168
UNIVERSITY OR THE PEOPLE
1357
00:38:57,168 --> 00:38:58,770
PUBLISHES A PAPER, AND IN THE
1358
00:38:58,770 --> 00:39:00,105
VERY, VERY LAST STEP OF THAT
1359
00:39:00,105 --> 00:39:01,807
PROCESS, AFTER ALL THE WORK IS
1360
00:39:01,807 --> 00:39:03,241
DONE -- AFTER ALL THE ORIGINAL
1361
00:39:03,241 --> 00:39:04,876
RESEARCH IS DONE, THE THINKING,
1362
00:39:04,876 --> 00:39:06,211
THE LAB WORK, THE ANALYSIS --
1363
00:39:06,211 --> 00:39:07,913
AFTER EVERYTHING IS DONE AT THAT
1364
00:39:07,913 --> 00:39:09,347
LAST STAGE, THEN THE RESEARCHER
1365
00:39:09,347 --> 00:39:10,849
HAS TO HAND OVER HIS OR HER
1366
00:39:10,849 --> 00:39:11,817
COPYRIGHT TO THIS
1367
00:39:11,817 --> 00:39:13,351
MULTI-BILLION-DOLLAR COMPANY.
1368
00:39:13,351 --> 00:39:14,319
AND IT'S SICK.
1369
00:39:14,319 --> 00:39:16,154
IT'S AN ENTIRE ECONOMY BUILT ON
1370
00:39:16,154 --> 00:39:17,923
VOLUNTEER LABOR, AND THEN THE
1371
00:39:17,923 --> 00:39:19,758
PUBLISHERS SIT AT THE VERY TOP
1372
00:39:19,758 --> 00:39:21,192
AND SCRAPE OFF THE CREAM.
1373
00:39:21,192 --> 00:39:23,462
TALK ABOUT A SCAM.
1374
00:39:23,462 --> 00:39:26,432
ONE PUBLISHER IN BRITAIN MADE A
1375
00:39:26,432 --> 00:39:28,834
PROFIT OF $3 BILLION LAST YEAR.
1376
00:39:28,834 --> 00:39:30,235
I MEAN, WHAT A RACKET.
1377
00:39:30,235 --> 00:39:32,137
JSTOR IS JUST A VERY, VERY
1378
00:39:32,137 --> 00:39:34,105
SMALL PLAYER IN THAT STORY, BUT
1379
00:39:34,105 --> 00:39:36,007
FOR SOME REASON, JSTOR IS THE
1380
00:39:36,007 --> 00:39:37,876
PLAYER THAT AARON DECIDED TO
1381
00:39:37,876 --> 00:39:40,912
CONFRONT.
1382
00:39:40,912 --> 00:39:42,380
HE'D GONE TO SOME CONFERENCE
1383
00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:43,915
AROUND OPEN ACCESS AND OPEN
1384
00:39:43,915 --> 00:39:45,417
PUBLISHING, AND I DON'T KNOW WHO
1385
00:39:45,417 --> 00:39:47,118
THE PERSON FROM JSTOR WAS, BUT I
1386
00:39:47,118 --> 00:39:48,854
THINK AT SOME POINT, AARON ASKED
1387
00:39:48,854 --> 00:39:50,221
THE QUESTION LIKE, "HOW MUCH
1388
00:39:50,221 --> 00:39:51,857
WOULD IT COST TO OPEN UP JSTOR
1389
00:39:51,857 --> 00:39:53,892
IN PERPETUITY?
1390
00:39:53,892 --> 00:39:55,561
AND THEY GAVE SOME -- I THINK IT
1391
00:39:55,561 --> 00:39:57,362
WAS $200 MILLION, SOMETHING THAT
1392
00:39:57,362 --> 00:39:58,930
AARON THOUGHT WAS TOTALLY
1393
00:39:58,930 --> 00:40:00,566
RIDICULOUS.
1394
00:40:00,566 --> 00:40:02,501
WORKING ON A FELLOWSHIP AT
1395
00:40:02,501 --> 00:40:04,503
HARVARD, HE KNEW USERS ON MIT's
1396
00:40:04,503 --> 00:40:06,538
FAMOUSLY OPEN AND FAST NETWORK,
1397
00:40:06,538 --> 00:40:08,540
NEXTDOOR, HAD AUTHORIZED ACCESS
1398
00:40:08,540 --> 00:40:10,208
TO THE RICHES OF JSTOR.
1399
00:40:10,208 --> 00:40:12,010
SWARTZ SAW AN OPPORTUNITY.
1400
00:40:12,010 --> 00:40:13,845
YOU HAVE A KEY TO THOSE
1401
00:40:13,845 --> 00:40:14,379
GATES.
1402
00:40:14,379 --> 00:40:16,147
AND WITH A LITTLE BIT OF
1403
00:40:16,147 --> 00:40:18,216
SHELL-SCRIPT MAGIC, YOU CAN GET
1404
00:40:18,216 --> 00:40:20,318
THOSE JOURNAL ARTICLES.
1405
00:40:20,318 --> 00:40:23,154
ON SEPTEMBER 24, 2010, SWARTZ
1406
00:40:23,154 --> 00:40:25,791
REGISTERED A NEWLY PURCHASED
1407
00:40:25,791 --> 00:40:28,326
ACER LAPTOP ON THE MIT NETWORK
1408
00:40:28,326 --> 00:40:30,562
UNDER THE NAME GARY HOST.
1409
00:40:30,562 --> 00:40:32,397
THE CLIENT NAME WAS REGISTERED
1410
00:40:32,397 --> 00:40:34,900
AS GHOST LAPTOP.
1411
00:40:34,900 --> 00:40:36,568
HE DOESN'T HACK JSTOR IN THE
1412
00:40:36,568 --> 00:40:38,369
TRADITIONAL SENSE OF HACKING.
1413
00:40:38,369 --> 00:40:39,337
THE JSTOR DATABASE WAS
1414
00:40:39,337 --> 00:40:40,572
ORGANIZED, SO IT WAS COMPLETELY
1415
00:40:40,572 --> 00:40:41,940
TRIVIAL TO FIGURE OUT HOW YOU
1416
00:40:41,940 --> 00:40:43,141
COULD DOWNLOAD ALL THE ARTICLES
1417
00:40:43,141 --> 00:40:44,142
ON JSTOR, 'CAUSE IT WAS
1418
00:40:44,142 --> 00:40:45,043
BASICALLY NUMBERED.
1419
00:40:45,043 --> 00:40:46,144
IT WAS BASICALLY, YOU KNOW,
1420
00:40:46,144 --> 00:40:48,079
SLASH-SLASH-SLASH NUMBER ARTICLE
1421
00:40:48,079 --> 00:40:52,383
444,024 THEN 25 THEN 26.
1422
00:40:52,383 --> 00:40:53,852
HE WROTE A PYTHON SCRIPT
1423
00:40:53,852 --> 00:40:55,220
CALLED keepgrabbing.py, WHICH
1424
00:40:55,220 --> 00:40:56,588
WAS KEEP GRABBING ONE ARTICLE
1425
00:40:56,588 --> 00:40:58,189
AFTER ANOTHER.
1426
00:40:58,189 --> 00:41:00,225
THE NEXT DAY, GHOST LAPTOP
1427
00:41:00,225 --> 00:41:02,227
BEGINS GRABBING ARTICLES, BUT
1428
00:41:02,227 --> 00:41:03,995
SOON, THE COMPUTER'S I.P.
1429
00:41:03,995 --> 00:41:05,296
ADDRESS IS BLOCKED.
1430
00:41:05,296 --> 00:41:07,232
FOR SWARTZ, IT'S BARELY A BUMP
1431
00:41:07,232 --> 00:41:08,199
IN THE ROAD.
1432
00:41:08,199 --> 00:41:09,935
HE QUICKLY REASSIGNS HIS
1433
00:41:09,935 --> 00:41:11,603
COMPUTER'S I.P. ADDRESS AND
1434
00:41:11,603 --> 00:41:13,071
KEEPS DOWNLOADING.
1435
00:41:13,071 --> 00:41:14,506
WELL, JSTOR AND MIT TAKE A
1436
00:41:14,506 --> 00:41:16,041
NUMBER OF STEPS TO TRY AND
1437
00:41:16,041 --> 00:41:17,475
INTERFERE WITH THIS WHEN THEY
1438
00:41:17,475 --> 00:41:19,144
NOTICE THAT THIS IS HAPPENING,
1439
00:41:19,144 --> 00:41:20,612
AND WHEN THE MORE MODEST STEPS
1440
00:41:20,612 --> 00:41:22,280
DON'T WORK, THEN AT A CERTAIN
1441
00:41:22,280 --> 00:41:23,949
STAGE, JSTOR JUST CUTS OFF MIT
1442
00:41:23,949 --> 00:41:25,450
FROM HAVING ACCESS TO THE JSTOR
1443
00:41:25,450 --> 00:41:26,151
DATABASE.
1444
00:41:26,151 --> 00:41:27,418
SO, THERE'S THIS KIND OF
1445
00:41:27,418 --> 00:41:29,320
CAT-AND-MOUSE GAME AROUND
1446
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:31,389
GETTING ACCESS TO THAT JSTOR
1447
00:41:31,389 --> 00:41:32,290
DATABASE.
1448
00:41:32,290 --> 00:41:34,459
AARON ULTIMATELY OBVIOUSLY IS
1449
00:41:34,459 --> 00:41:36,528
THE CAT, BECAUSE HE HAS MORE
1450
00:41:36,528 --> 00:41:38,664
TECHNICAL CAPABILITY THAN THE
1451
00:41:38,664 --> 00:41:40,899
JSTOR DATABASE PEOPLE DO IN
1452
00:41:40,899 --> 00:41:42,100
DEFENDING THEM.
1453
00:41:42,100 --> 00:41:43,268
EVENTUALLY, THERE WAS AN
1454
00:41:43,268 --> 00:41:44,469
UNLOCKED SUPPLY CLOSET IN THE
1455
00:41:44,469 --> 00:41:45,470
BASEMENT OF ONE OF THE
1456
00:41:45,470 --> 00:41:46,972
BUILDINGS, AND INSTEAD OF GOING
1457
00:41:46,972 --> 00:41:48,239
THROUGH WI-FI, HE WENT DOWN AND
1458
00:41:48,239 --> 00:41:49,440
HE JUST PLUGGED THIS COMPUTER
1459
00:41:49,440 --> 00:41:50,676
DIRECTLY INTO THE NETWORK AND
1460
00:41:50,676 --> 00:41:52,010
JUST LEFT IT THERE WITH AN
1461
00:41:52,010 --> 00:41:53,278
EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE DOWNLOADING
1462
00:41:53,278 --> 00:41:56,281
THESE ARTICLES TO THE COMPUTER.
1463
00:41:56,281 --> 00:41:58,349
UNKNOWN TO SWARTZ, HIS LAPTOP
1464
00:41:58,349 --> 00:42:00,518
AND HARD DRIVE HAD BEEN FOUND BY
1465
00:42:00,518 --> 00:42:02,387
AUTHORITIES.
1466
00:42:02,387 --> 00:42:04,623
THEY DIDN'T STOP THE DOWNLOADS.
1467
00:42:04,623 --> 00:42:06,524
INSTEAD, THEY INSTALLED A
1468
00:42:06,524 --> 00:42:09,527
SURVEILLANCE CAMERA.
1469
00:42:09,527 --> 00:42:11,162
THEY FOUND THE COMPUTER IN
1470
00:42:11,162 --> 00:42:12,698
THIS ROOM IN THE BASEMENT OF AN
1471
00:42:12,698 --> 00:42:14,299
MIT BUILDING.
1472
00:42:14,299 --> 00:42:15,667
THEY COULD HAVE UNPLUGGED IT.
1473
00:42:15,667 --> 00:42:17,302
THEY COULD HAVE WAITED FOR THE
1474
00:42:17,302 --> 00:42:18,570
GUY TO COME BACK AND SAID,
1475
00:42:18,570 --> 00:42:20,238
"DUDE, WHAT ARE YOU DOING?", YOU
1476
00:42:20,238 --> 00:42:21,306
KNOW?
1477
00:42:21,306 --> 00:42:22,373
"CUT IT OUT. WHO ARE YOU?"
1478
00:42:22,373 --> 00:42:23,474
AND THEY COULD HAVE DONE ALL
1479
00:42:23,474 --> 00:42:24,576
THAT KIND OF STUFF, BUT THEY
1480
00:42:24,576 --> 00:42:25,110
DIDN'T.
1481
00:42:25,110 --> 00:42:27,045
WHAT THEY WANTED TO DO WAS FILM
1482
00:42:27,045 --> 00:42:28,980
IT TO GATHER EVIDENCE TO MAKE A
1483
00:42:28,980 --> 00:42:29,414
CASE.
1484
00:42:29,414 --> 00:42:31,349
THAT'S THE ONLY REASON YOU FILM
1485
00:42:31,349 --> 00:42:37,322
SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
1486
00:42:37,322 --> 00:42:38,957
AT FIRST, THE ONLY PERSON
1487
00:42:38,957 --> 00:42:40,125
CAUGHT ON THE GLITCHY
1488
00:42:40,125 --> 00:42:41,660
SURVEILLANCE CAMERA WAS USING
1489
00:42:41,660 --> 00:42:43,361
THE CLOSET AS A PLACE TO STORE
1490
00:42:43,361 --> 00:42:45,196
BOTTLES AND CANS.
1491
00:42:52,570 --> 00:42:54,539
BUT DAYS LATER, IT CAUGHT
1492
00:42:54,539 --> 00:42:56,374
SWARTZ.
1493
00:43:05,150 --> 00:43:07,252
SWARTZ IS REPLACING A HARD
1494
00:43:07,252 --> 00:43:08,086
DRIVE.
1495
00:43:08,086 --> 00:43:10,355
HE TAKES IT OUT OF HIS BACKPACK,
1496
00:43:10,355 --> 00:43:12,390
LEANS OUT OF FRAME FOR ABOUT
1497
00:43:12,390 --> 00:43:15,927
FIVE MINUTES, AND THEN LEAVES.
1498
00:43:36,414 --> 00:43:37,783
AND THEN THEY ORGANIZED,
1499
00:43:37,783 --> 00:43:39,450
LIKE, A STAKEOUT, WHERE, AS HE
1500
00:43:39,450 --> 00:43:41,152
WAS BIKING HOME FROM MIT, THESE
1501
00:43:41,152 --> 00:43:42,688
COPS CAME OUT FROM, LIKE, EITHER
1502
00:43:42,688 --> 00:43:44,289
SIDE OF THE ROAD OR SOMETHING
1503
00:43:44,289 --> 00:43:45,623
LIKE THAT AND STARTED GOING
1504
00:43:45,623 --> 00:43:48,359
AFTER HIM.
1505
00:43:48,359 --> 00:43:50,729
HE DESCRIBES THAT HE WAS
1506
00:43:50,729 --> 00:43:53,398
PRESSED DOWN AND ASSAULTED BY
1507
00:43:53,398 --> 00:43:54,565
THE POLICE.
1508
00:43:54,565 --> 00:43:56,101
HE TELLS ME THAT IT'S UNCLEAR
1509
00:43:56,101 --> 00:43:57,535
THAT THEY WERE POLICE THAT WERE
1510
00:43:57,535 --> 00:43:58,236
AFTER HIM.
1511
00:43:58,236 --> 00:44:00,105
HE THOUGHT THAT SOMEONE WAS
1512
00:44:00,105 --> 00:44:01,606
TRYING TO ATTACK HIM.
1513
00:44:01,606 --> 00:44:03,574
HE DOES TELL ME THEY BEAT HIM
1514
00:44:03,574 --> 00:44:04,142
UP.
1515
00:44:04,142 --> 00:44:07,478
[ SIREN WAILS ]
1516
00:44:07,478 --> 00:44:09,214
AND IT WAS JUST DEVASTATING.
1517
00:44:09,214 --> 00:44:10,648
THE NOTION OF ANY KIND OF
1518
00:44:10,648 --> 00:44:12,483
CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OF ANYONE
1519
00:44:12,483 --> 00:44:14,385
IN OUR FAMILY OR ANYTHING WAS SO
1520
00:44:14,385 --> 00:44:16,254
FOREIGN AND INCOMPREHENSIBLE, I
1521
00:44:16,254 --> 00:44:17,588
DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO.
1522
00:44:17,588 --> 00:44:19,324
WELL, THEY EXECUTE SEARCH
1523
00:44:19,324 --> 00:44:21,159
WARRANTS AT AARON'S HOUSE, HIS
1524
00:44:21,159 --> 00:44:22,794
APARTMENT IN CAMBRIDGE, IN HIS
1525
00:44:22,794 --> 00:44:27,298
OFFICE AT HARVARD.
1526
00:44:27,298 --> 00:44:29,134
TWO DAYS BEFORE THE ARREST,
1527
00:44:29,134 --> 00:44:30,635
THE INVESTIGATION HAD GONE
1528
00:44:30,635 --> 00:44:32,303
BEYOND JSTOR AND THE LOCAL
1529
00:44:32,303 --> 00:44:33,404
CAMBRIDGE POLICE.
1530
00:44:33,404 --> 00:44:35,206
IT HAD BEEN TAKEN OVER BY THE
1531
00:44:35,206 --> 00:44:36,808
UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE.
1532
00:44:36,808 --> 00:44:38,543
THE SECRET SERVICE BEGAN
1533
00:44:38,543 --> 00:44:40,411
INVESTIGATING COMPUTER AND
1534
00:44:40,411 --> 00:44:42,413
CREDIT-CARD FRAUD IN 1984, BUT
1535
00:44:42,413 --> 00:44:44,415
SIX WEEKS AFTER THE ATTACK ON
1536
00:44:44,415 --> 00:44:46,251
9/11, THEIR ROLE EXPANDED.
1537
00:44:46,251 --> 00:44:48,186
[ APPLAUSE ]
1538
00:44:48,186 --> 00:44:49,855
PRESIDENT BUSH USED THE
1539
00:44:49,855 --> 00:44:51,757
PATRIOT ACT TO ESTABLISH A
1540
00:44:51,757 --> 00:44:53,691
NETWORK OF WHAT THEY CALLED
1541
00:44:53,691 --> 00:44:55,761
ELECTRONIC CRIMES TASK FORCES.
1542
00:44:55,761 --> 00:44:57,328
THE BILL BEFORE ME TAKES
1543
00:44:57,328 --> 00:44:59,097
ACCOUNT OF THE NEW REALITIES AND
1544
00:44:59,097 --> 00:45:00,398
DANGERS POSED BY MODERN
1545
00:45:00,398 --> 00:45:01,199
TERRORISTS.
1546
00:45:01,199 --> 00:45:02,533
ACCORDING TO THE SECRET
1547
00:45:02,533 --> 00:45:03,902
SERVICE, THEY ARE PRIMARILY
1548
00:45:03,902 --> 00:45:05,603
ENGAGED IN ACTIVITY WITH
1549
00:45:05,603 --> 00:45:07,338
ECONOMIC IMPACT, ORGANIZED
1550
00:45:07,338 --> 00:45:09,107
CRIMINAL GROUPS, OR USE OF
1551
00:45:09,107 --> 00:45:10,475
SCHEMES INVOLVING NEW
1552
00:45:10,475 --> 00:45:11,409
TECHNOLOGY.
1553
00:45:11,409 --> 00:45:12,710
THE SECRET SERVICE TURNS
1554
00:45:12,710 --> 00:45:14,479
SWARTZ'S CASE OVER TO THE BOSTON
1555
00:45:14,479 --> 00:45:15,680
U.S. ATTORNEYS OFFICE.
1556
00:45:15,680 --> 00:45:17,415
THERE WAS A GUY IN THE U.S.
1557
00:45:17,415 --> 00:45:18,850
ATTORNEYS OFFICE WHO HAD THE
1558
00:45:18,850 --> 00:45:20,385
TITLE HEAD OF THE COMPUTER
1559
00:45:20,385 --> 00:45:22,120
CRIMES DIVISION OR TASK FORCE.
1560
00:45:22,120 --> 00:45:23,588
I DON'T KNOW WHAT ELSE HE HAD
1561
00:45:23,588 --> 00:45:25,323
GOING, BUT YOU'RE CERTAINLY NOT
1562
00:45:25,323 --> 00:45:26,657
MUCH OF A COMPUTER CRIMES
1563
00:45:26,657 --> 00:45:28,326
PROSECUTOR WITHOUT A COMPUTER
1564
00:45:28,326 --> 00:45:29,427
CRIME TO PROSECUTE.
1565
00:45:29,427 --> 00:45:30,829
SO HE JUMPED ON IT, KEPT IT FOR
1566
00:45:30,829 --> 00:45:32,297
HIMSELF, DIDN'T ASSIGN IT TO
1567
00:45:32,297 --> 00:45:33,664
SOMEONE ELSE WITHIN THE OFFICE
1568
00:45:33,664 --> 00:45:34,800
OR THE UNIT, AND THAT'S
1569
00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:36,234
STEVE HEYMANN.
1570
00:45:36,234 --> 00:45:37,702
PROSECUTOR STEPHEN HEYMANN
1571
00:45:37,702 --> 00:45:39,404
HAS BEEN LARGELY OUT OF PUBLIC
1572
00:45:39,404 --> 00:45:40,671
VIEW SINCE THE ARREST OF
1573
00:45:40,671 --> 00:45:41,539
AARON SWARTZ.
1574
00:45:41,539 --> 00:45:43,208
BUT HE CAN BE SEEN HERE IN AN
1575
00:45:43,208 --> 00:45:44,709
EPISODE OF THE TELEVISION SHOW
1576
00:45:44,709 --> 00:45:46,411
"AMERICAN GREED" FILMED AROUND
1577
00:45:46,411 --> 00:45:48,479
THE TIME OF AARON'S ARREST.
1578
00:45:48,479 --> 00:45:50,148
HE IS DESCRIBING HIS PREVIOUS
1579
00:45:50,148 --> 00:45:51,482
CASE AGAINST THE NOTORIOUS
1580
00:45:51,482 --> 00:45:53,284
HACKER ALBERTO GONZALEZ, A CASE
1581
00:45:53,284 --> 00:45:54,853
THAT GARNERED HEYMANN ENORMOUS
1582
00:45:54,853 --> 00:45:56,621
PRESS ATTENTION AND ACCOLADES.
1583
00:45:56,621 --> 00:45:58,656
GONZALEZ MASTERMINDED THE THEFT
1584
00:45:58,656 --> 00:46:00,758
OF OVER 100 MILLION CREDIT-CARD
1585
00:46:00,758 --> 00:46:02,627
AND ATM NUMBERS, THE LARGEST
1586
00:46:02,627 --> 00:46:04,262
SUCH FRAUD IN HISTORY.
1587
00:46:04,262 --> 00:46:05,831
HERE HEYMANN, DESCRIBING
1588
00:46:05,831 --> 00:46:07,899
GONZALEZ, GIVES HIS VIEW ON THE
1589
00:46:07,899 --> 00:46:09,667
HACKER MIND-SET.
1590
00:46:09,667 --> 00:46:12,370
THESE GUYS ARE DRIVEN BY A
1591
00:46:12,370 --> 00:46:14,605
LOT OF THE SAME THINGS THAT
1592
00:46:14,605 --> 00:46:16,207
WE'RE DRIVEN BY.
1593
00:46:16,207 --> 00:46:17,843
THEY HAVE AN EGO.
1594
00:46:17,843 --> 00:46:19,878
THEY LIKE CHALLENGE.
1595
00:46:19,878 --> 00:46:21,947
AND, OF COURSE, THEY LIKE MONEY
1596
00:46:21,947 --> 00:46:23,882
AND EVERYTHING YOU CAN GET FROM
1597
00:46:23,882 --> 00:46:24,549
MONEY.
1598
00:46:24,549 --> 00:46:25,783
ONE OF THE SUSPECTS
1599
00:46:25,783 --> 00:46:27,585
IMPLICATED IN THE GONZALEZ CASE
1600
00:46:27,585 --> 00:46:28,887
WAS A YOUNG HACKER NAMED
1601
00:46:28,887 --> 00:46:29,855
JONATHAN JAMES.
1602
00:46:29,855 --> 00:46:31,589
BELIEVING GONZALEZ'S CRIMES
1603
00:46:31,589 --> 00:46:33,391
WOULD BE PINNED ON HIM, JAMES
1604
00:46:33,391 --> 00:46:34,993
COMMITTED SUICIDE DURING THE
1605
00:46:34,993 --> 00:46:35,994
INVESTIGATION.
1606
00:46:35,994 --> 00:46:37,495
IN AN EARLY PRESS RELEASE
1607
00:46:37,495 --> 00:46:38,864
DESCRIBING THE GOVERNMENT'S
1608
00:46:38,864 --> 00:46:40,331
POSITION IN THE CASE OF
1609
00:46:40,331 --> 00:46:41,799
AARON SWARTZ, HEYMANN'S BOSS,
1610
00:46:41,799 --> 00:46:43,501
U.S. ATTORNEY FOR THE DISTRICT
1611
00:46:43,501 --> 00:46:45,203
OF MASSACHUSETTS CARMEN ORTIZ,
1612
00:46:45,203 --> 00:46:45,871
SAID THIS...
1613
00:46:53,478 --> 00:46:54,312
IT'S NOT TRUE.
1614
00:46:54,312 --> 00:46:55,780
IT'S OBVIOUSLY NOT TRUE.
1615
00:46:55,780 --> 00:46:57,682
I'M NOT SAYING IT'S HARMLESS,
1616
00:46:57,682 --> 00:46:59,450
AND I'M NOT SAYING THAT WE
1617
00:46:59,450 --> 00:47:03,554
SHOULDN'T CRIMINALIZE STEALING
1618
00:47:03,554 --> 00:47:05,823
OF INFORMATION.
1619
00:47:05,823 --> 00:47:07,859
BUT YOU'VE GOT TO BE MUCH MORE
1620
00:47:07,859 --> 00:47:09,928
SUBTLE IN TRYING TO FIGURE OUT
1621
00:47:09,928 --> 00:47:12,263
EXACTLY WHICH KINDS OF HARMS ARE
1622
00:47:12,263 --> 00:47:13,865
HARMFUL HERE.
1623
00:47:13,865 --> 00:47:15,733
SO, THE THING ABOUT A CROWBAR IS
1624
00:47:15,733 --> 00:47:17,535
EVERY TIME I BREAK INTO A PLACE
1625
00:47:17,535 --> 00:47:19,237
WITH A CROWBAR, I DO DAMAGE.
1626
00:47:19,237 --> 00:47:20,671
THERE'S NO DOUBT ABOUT IT.
1627
00:47:20,671 --> 00:47:22,507
BUT WHEN AARON WRITES A SCRIPT
1628
00:47:22,507 --> 00:47:24,309
THAT SAYS "DOWNLOAD, DOWNLOAD,
1629
00:47:24,309 --> 00:47:27,812
DOWNLOAD" 100 TIMES IN A SECOND,
1630
00:47:27,812 --> 00:47:29,680
THERE'S NO OBVIOUS DAMAGE TO
1631
00:47:29,680 --> 00:47:30,448
ANYBODY.
1632
00:47:30,448 --> 00:47:32,450
IF HE DOES THAT FOR THE PURPOSE
1633
00:47:32,450 --> 00:47:34,019
OF GATHERING ARCHIVE TO DO
1634
00:47:34,019 --> 00:47:35,987
ACADEMIC RESEARCH ON IT, THERE
1635
00:47:35,987 --> 00:47:37,989
IS NEVER ANY DAMAGE TO ANYBODY.
1636
00:47:37,989 --> 00:47:40,025
HE WASN'T STEALING, HE WASN'T
1637
00:47:40,025 --> 00:47:42,027
SELLING WHAT HE GOT, OR GIVING
1638
00:47:42,027 --> 00:47:42,793
IT AWAY.
1639
00:47:42,793 --> 00:47:44,529
HE WAS MAKING A POINT AS FAR AS
1640
00:47:44,529 --> 00:47:45,330
I CAN TELL.
1641
00:47:45,330 --> 00:47:46,831
THE ARREST TOOK ITS TOLL ON
1642
00:47:46,831 --> 00:47:47,465
SWARTZ.
1643
00:47:47,465 --> 00:47:48,967
HE JUST WOULDN'T TALK ABOUT
1644
00:47:48,967 --> 00:47:49,467
IT.
1645
00:47:49,467 --> 00:47:51,036
THEN HE'S, LIKE, VERY STRESSED.
1646
00:47:51,036 --> 00:47:52,637
IF YOU THOUGHT THE FBI WAS,
1647
00:47:52,637 --> 00:47:54,005
LIKE, GOING TO COME TO YOUR
1648
00:47:54,005 --> 00:47:55,740
DOORSTEP ANY DAY, ANY TIME YOU
1649
00:47:55,740 --> 00:47:57,408
WENT DOWN THE HALL EVEN TO DO
1650
00:47:57,408 --> 00:47:58,809
YOUR LAUNDRY AND THEY WOULD
1651
00:47:58,809 --> 00:48:00,411
BREAK IN TO YOUR APARTMENT
1652
00:48:00,411 --> 00:48:01,712
'CAUSE YOU LEFT THE DOOR
1653
00:48:01,712 --> 00:48:04,815
UNLOCKED, LIKE, I'D BE PRETTY
1654
00:48:04,815 --> 00:48:05,883
STRESSED.
1655
00:48:05,883 --> 00:48:07,652
AND IT WAS CLEAR, AND SO AARON
1656
00:48:07,652 --> 00:48:09,454
WAS ALWAYS SORT OF, LIKE, IN A
1657
00:48:09,454 --> 00:48:11,289
DOUR MOOD.
1658
00:48:17,662 --> 00:48:19,464
HE WOULDN'T GIVE OFF ANY
1659
00:48:19,464 --> 00:48:21,566
SENSITIVE INFORMATION ABOUT HIS
1660
00:48:21,566 --> 00:48:23,601
WHEREABOUTS DURING THIS TIME,
1661
00:48:23,601 --> 00:48:25,770
'CAUSE HE WAS SO AFRAID THAT THE
1662
00:48:25,770 --> 00:48:30,408
FBI WOULD BE WAITING FOR HIM.
1663
00:48:30,408 --> 00:48:31,809
IT WAS A TIME OF
1664
00:48:31,809 --> 00:48:33,678
UNPRECEDENTED SOCIAL AND
1665
00:48:33,678 --> 00:48:35,080
POLITICAL ACTIVISM.
1666
00:48:35,080 --> 00:48:37,448
TIME MAGAZINE WOULD LATER NAME
1667
00:48:37,448 --> 00:48:39,650
AS THEIR 2011 PERSON OF THE YEAR
1668
00:48:39,650 --> 00:48:41,886
THE PROTESTOR.
1669
00:48:41,886 --> 00:48:44,022
THERE WAS A KIND OF HOTBED OF
1670
00:48:44,022 --> 00:48:48,359
HACKER ACTIVITY GOING ON.
1671
00:48:48,359 --> 00:48:51,496
WikiLeaks HAD RELEASED A TROVE
1672
00:48:51,496 --> 00:48:53,764
OF DIPLOMATIC CABLES.
1673
00:48:53,764 --> 00:48:55,666
MANNING HAD BEEN UNDER ARREST AT
1674
00:48:55,666 --> 00:48:56,467
THE TIME.
1675
00:48:56,467 --> 00:48:58,103
IT WAS UNKNOWN WHETHER HE WAS
1676
00:48:58,103 --> 00:48:59,670
THE SOURCE OF THE LEAK.
1677
00:48:59,670 --> 00:49:02,507
ANONYMOUS, WHICH IS A KIND OF
1678
00:49:02,507 --> 00:49:05,176
PROTEST ENSEMBLE THAT HAS A LOT
1679
00:49:05,176 --> 00:49:07,845
OF HACKERS IN ITS RANKS, WERE
1680
00:49:07,845 --> 00:49:10,415
GOING ON VARIOUS SPREES OF
1681
00:49:10,415 --> 00:49:11,116
SORTS.
1682
00:49:11,116 --> 00:49:13,051
IF YOU COMPARE THAT TO WHAT HE
1683
00:49:13,051 --> 00:49:15,053
DID, HIS STUFF SHOULD HAVE BEEN
1684
00:49:15,053 --> 00:49:17,088
LEFT BEHIND FOR MIT AND JSTOR TO
1685
00:49:17,088 --> 00:49:19,890
DEAL WITH IN A KIND OF PRIVATE,
1686
00:49:19,890 --> 00:49:21,826
PROFESSIONAL MATTER.
1687
00:49:21,826 --> 00:49:24,629
IT SHOULD HAVE NEVER GOTTEN THE
1688
00:49:24,629 --> 00:49:26,864
ATTENTION OF THE CRIMINAL
1689
00:49:26,864 --> 00:49:28,166
SYSTEM.
1690
00:49:28,166 --> 00:49:30,001
IT JUST DIDN'T BELONG THERE.
1691
00:49:35,806 --> 00:49:37,542
BEFORE HE WAS INDICTED,
1692
00:49:37,542 --> 00:49:39,410
SWARTZ WAS OFFERED A PLEA DEAL
1693
00:49:39,410 --> 00:49:41,079
THAT INVOLVED THREE MONTHS IN
1694
00:49:41,079 --> 00:49:43,048
PRISON, TIME IN A HALFWAY HOUSE,
1695
00:49:43,048 --> 00:49:44,882
AND A YEAR OF HOME DETENTION,
1696
00:49:44,882 --> 00:49:46,517
ALL WITHOUT THE USE OF A
1697
00:49:46,517 --> 00:49:47,118
COMPUTER.
1698
00:49:47,118 --> 00:49:49,054
IT WAS ON THE CONDITION THAT
1699
00:49:49,054 --> 00:49:51,156
SWARTZ PLEAD GUILTY TO A FELONY.
1700
00:49:51,156 --> 00:49:52,490
HERE WE ARE.
1701
00:49:52,490 --> 00:49:54,025
WE HAVE NO DISCOVERY, NO
1702
00:49:54,025 --> 00:49:56,094
EVIDENCE WHATSOEVER ABOUT WHAT
1703
00:49:56,094 --> 00:49:58,196
THE GOVERNMENT'S CASE IS, AND WE
1704
00:49:58,196 --> 00:50:00,665
HAVE TO MAKE THIS IMMENSE
1705
00:50:00,665 --> 00:50:03,934
DECISION WHERE THE LAWYER IS
1706
00:50:03,934 --> 00:50:05,736
PUSHING YOU TO DO THIS, THE
1707
00:50:05,736 --> 00:50:07,505
GOVERNMENT IS GIVING YOU A
1708
00:50:07,505 --> 00:50:09,074
NON-NEGOTIABLE DEMAND, AND
1709
00:50:09,074 --> 00:50:11,076
YOU'RE TOLD THAT YOUR LIKELIHOOD
1710
00:50:11,076 --> 00:50:12,843
OF PREVAILING IS SMALL, SO
1711
00:50:12,843 --> 00:50:14,745
WHETHER YOU'RE GUILTY OR NOT,
1712
00:50:14,745 --> 00:50:16,581
YOU'RE BETTER OFF TAKING THE
1713
00:50:16,581 --> 00:50:17,882
DEAL.
1714
00:50:17,882 --> 00:50:19,950
BOSTON HAS ITS OWN COMPUTER
1715
00:50:19,950 --> 00:50:21,886
CRIMES DIVISION WITH LOTS OF
1716
00:50:21,886 --> 00:50:24,055
LAWYERS -- PROBABLY MORE LAWYERS
1717
00:50:24,055 --> 00:50:25,190
THAN THEY NEED.
1718
00:50:25,190 --> 00:50:26,924
SO, YOU KNOW, YOU CAN IMAGINE
1719
00:50:26,924 --> 00:50:28,693
ALL SORTS OF CASES WHERE IT'S
1720
00:50:28,693 --> 00:50:30,528
REALLY HARD TO PROSECUTE 'CAUSE
1721
00:50:30,528 --> 00:50:32,029
YOU'VE GOT SOME CRIMINALS IN
1722
00:50:32,029 --> 00:50:34,065
RUSSIA OR YOU'VE GOT SOME PEOPLE
1723
00:50:34,065 --> 00:50:36,067
INSIDE OF A CORPORATION THAT ARE
1724
00:50:36,067 --> 00:50:37,802
GONNA HAVE $500 LAWYERS OR
1725
00:50:37,802 --> 00:50:39,637
$700-AN-HOUR LAWYERS SITTING
1726
00:50:39,637 --> 00:50:40,805
DOWN AGAINST YOU.
1727
00:50:40,805 --> 00:50:42,807
AND THEN YOU GOT THIS CASE WITH
1728
00:50:42,807 --> 00:50:43,608
THIS KID.
1729
00:50:43,608 --> 00:50:45,576
WHICH IT'S PRETTY EASY TO PROVE
1730
00:50:45,576 --> 00:50:47,578
THAT HE DID SOMETHING, AND HE'S
1731
00:50:47,578 --> 00:50:49,180
ALREADY MARKED HIMSELF AS A
1732
00:50:49,180 --> 00:50:51,082
TROUBLEMAKER WITH THE FBI, SO
1733
00:50:51,082 --> 00:50:53,017
WHY NOT GO AS TOUGH AS YOU CAN
1734
00:50:53,017 --> 00:50:54,719
IN HERE AGAINST THAT GUY?
1735
00:50:54,719 --> 00:50:56,121
IT'S GOOD FOR YOU, THE
1736
00:50:56,121 --> 00:50:57,988
PROSECUTOR, IT'S GOOD FOR THE
1737
00:50:57,988 --> 00:51:00,024
REPUBLIC, 'CAUSE YOU'RE FIGHTING
1738
00:51:00,024 --> 00:51:01,726
ALL THOSE TERRORIST TYPES.
1739
00:51:01,726 --> 00:51:02,827
I WAS SO SCARED.
1740
00:51:02,827 --> 00:51:04,295
I WAS SO SCARED OF HAVING MY
1741
00:51:04,295 --> 00:51:05,296
COMPUTER SEIZED.
1742
00:51:05,296 --> 00:51:07,064
I WAS SO SCARED OF GOING TO JAIL
1743
00:51:07,064 --> 00:51:09,134
BECAUSE OF MY COMPUTER BEING
1744
00:51:09,134 --> 00:51:09,934
SEIZED.
1745
00:51:09,934 --> 00:51:12,137
I HAD CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL FROM
1746
00:51:12,137 --> 00:51:14,639
SOURCES FROM MY PREVIOUS WORK ON
1747
00:51:14,639 --> 00:51:16,941
MY LAPTOP, AND THAT IS ABOVE ALL
1748
00:51:16,941 --> 00:51:18,976
MY PRIORITIES -- TO KEEP MY
1749
00:51:18,976 --> 00:51:20,111
SOURCES SAFE.
1750
00:51:20,111 --> 00:51:22,947
I WAS SO SCARED OF WHAT WAS
1751
00:51:22,947 --> 00:51:25,015
GONNA HAPPEN TO ADA.
1752
00:51:25,015 --> 00:51:26,851
AARON TOLD ME THAT THEY'D
1753
00:51:26,851 --> 00:51:28,686
OFFERED HIM A DEAL, AND HE
1754
00:51:28,686 --> 00:51:30,788
FINALLY JUST SAID THAT HE WOULD
1755
00:51:30,788 --> 00:51:32,623
TAKE IT IF I TOLD HIM TO.
1756
00:51:32,623 --> 00:51:36,026
AND I CAME REAL CLOSE TO SAYING,
1757
00:51:36,026 --> 00:51:37,528
"TAKE IT."
1758
00:51:37,528 --> 00:51:39,130
HE HAD THESE -- HE HAD
1759
00:51:39,130 --> 00:51:41,065
DEVELOPED, LIKE, SERIOUS
1760
00:51:41,065 --> 00:51:43,201
POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS IN THE
1761
00:51:43,201 --> 00:51:45,636
INTERVENING TIME BETWEEN WHEN,
1762
00:51:45,636 --> 00:51:47,772
YOU KNOW, THAT MOMENT WHEN HE
1763
00:51:47,772 --> 00:51:49,807
ENDED THAT ENTREPRENEURIAL
1764
00:51:49,807 --> 00:51:52,143
START-UP LIFE AND BEGUN THIS NEW
1765
00:51:52,143 --> 00:51:54,179
LIFE THAT HAD COME TO THIS
1766
00:51:54,179 --> 00:51:56,681
POLITICAL ACTIVISM.
1767
00:51:56,681 --> 00:52:00,351
AND HE JUST DIDN'T BELIEVE THAT
1768
00:52:00,351 --> 00:52:01,952
HE COULD CONTINUE IN HIS LIFE
1769
00:52:01,952 --> 00:52:02,820
WITH A FELONY.
1770
00:52:02,820 --> 00:52:04,121
YOU KNOW, HE SAID TO ME ONE
1771
00:52:04,121 --> 00:52:05,723
DAY -- WE WERE WALKING BY THE
1772
00:52:05,723 --> 00:52:07,091
WHITE HOUSE, AND HE SAID TO ME,
1773
00:52:07,091 --> 00:52:08,659
"THEY DON'T LET FELONS WORK
1774
00:52:08,659 --> 00:52:10,495
THERE."
1775
00:52:17,134 --> 00:52:19,069
I MEAN, YOU KNOW, HE REALLY
1776
00:52:19,069 --> 00:52:21,772
WANTED THAT TO BE HIS LIFE.
1777
00:52:21,772 --> 00:52:23,674
HE HADN'T KILLED ANYBODY.
1778
00:52:23,674 --> 00:52:25,176
HE HADN'T HURT ANYBODY.
1779
00:52:25,176 --> 00:52:27,178
HE HADN'T, LIKE, STOLEN MONEY.
1780
00:52:27,178 --> 00:52:29,113
HE HADN'T DONE ANYTHING THAT
1781
00:52:29,113 --> 00:52:31,015
SEEMED FELONY WORTHY, RIGHT?
1782
00:52:31,015 --> 00:52:34,685
AND...
1783
00:52:34,685 --> 00:52:36,321
THERE IS THIS IDEA THAT, LIKE,
1784
00:52:36,321 --> 00:52:38,256
THERE'S NO REASON THAT HE SHOULD
1785
00:52:38,256 --> 00:52:40,024
BE LABELED A FELON AND TAKEN
1786
00:52:40,024 --> 00:52:41,892
AWAY HIS RIGHT TO VOTE IN MANY
1787
00:52:41,892 --> 00:52:43,261
STATES FOR DOING WHAT HE DID.
1788
00:52:43,261 --> 00:52:44,795
LIKE, THAT'S JUST OUTRAGEOUS.
1789
00:52:44,795 --> 00:52:46,231
LIKE, IT MAKES SENSE FOR HIM TO
1790
00:52:46,231 --> 00:52:48,599
BE, YOU KNOW, MAYBE FINED A
1791
00:52:48,599 --> 00:52:50,701
BUNCH OF MONEY OR, YOU KNOW,
1792
00:52:50,701 --> 00:52:52,870
ASKED NOT TO COME BACK TO MIT
1793
00:52:52,870 --> 00:52:53,638
AGAIN.
1794
00:52:53,638 --> 00:52:55,806
BUT, LIKE, TO BE A FELON?
1795
00:52:55,806 --> 00:53:00,645
TO FACE JAIL TIME?
1796
00:53:00,645 --> 00:53:03,147
SWARTZ TURNED DOWN THE PLEA
1797
00:53:03,147 --> 00:53:03,948
DEAL.
1798
00:53:03,948 --> 00:53:06,651
HEYMANN DOUBLED HIS EFFORTS.
1799
00:53:06,651 --> 00:53:10,588
HEYMANN CONTINUED TO PRESS US AT
1800
00:53:10,588 --> 00:53:11,322
ALL LEVELS.
1801
00:53:11,322 --> 00:53:13,123
EVEN WITH THE PHYSICAL
1802
00:53:13,123 --> 00:53:15,092
EVIDENCE SEIZED FROM AARON'S
1803
00:53:15,092 --> 00:53:17,127
ACER COMPUTER, HARD DRIVE, AND
1804
00:53:17,127 --> 00:53:18,996
USB DRIVE, THE PROSECUTORS
1805
00:53:18,996 --> 00:53:21,065
NEEDED EVIDENCE OF HIS MOTIVES.
1806
00:53:21,065 --> 00:53:22,967
WHY WAS AARON SWARTZ DOWNLOADING
1807
00:53:22,967 --> 00:53:24,702
ARTICLES FROM JSTOR, AND JUST
1808
00:53:24,702 --> 00:53:26,203
WHAT DID HE PLAN TO DO WITH
1809
00:53:26,203 --> 00:53:28,806
THEM?
1810
00:53:28,806 --> 00:53:30,608
THE GOVERNMENT CLAIMS THAT HE
1811
00:53:30,608 --> 00:53:32,109
WAS PLANNING TO PUBLISH THESE.
1812
00:53:32,109 --> 00:53:33,744
WE DON'T REALLY KNOW WHETHER
1813
00:53:33,744 --> 00:53:35,179
THAT WAS HIS REAL INTENTION,
1814
00:53:35,179 --> 00:53:36,981
BECAUSE AARON ALSO HAD A HISTORY
1815
00:53:36,981 --> 00:53:39,984
OF DOING PROJECTS WHERE HE'D
1816
00:53:39,984 --> 00:53:41,252
ANALYZE GIANT DATA SETS OF
1817
00:53:41,252 --> 00:53:42,887
ARTICLES, YOU KNOW, OR TO LEARN
1818
00:53:42,887 --> 00:53:44,289
INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT THEM.
1819
00:53:44,289 --> 00:53:45,856
THE BEST EVIDENCE FOR THAT
1820
00:53:45,856 --> 00:53:47,024
WAS THAT WHEN HE WAS AT
1821
00:53:47,024 --> 00:53:50,295
STANFORD, HE ALSO DOWNLOADED THE
1822
00:53:50,295 --> 00:53:53,163
WHOLE WESTLAW LEGAL DATABASE.
1823
00:53:53,163 --> 00:53:54,932
IN A PROJECT WITH STANFORD
1824
00:53:54,932 --> 00:53:56,301
LAW STUDENTS, SWARTZ HAD
1825
00:53:56,301 --> 00:53:58,035
DOWNLOADED THE WESTLAW LEGAL
1826
00:53:58,035 --> 00:53:58,803
DATABASE.
1827
00:53:58,803 --> 00:54:00,070
HE UNCOVERED TROUBLING
1828
00:54:00,070 --> 00:54:01,972
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN FUNDERS OF
1829
00:54:01,972 --> 00:54:03,441
LEGAL RESEARCH AND FAVORABLE
1830
00:54:03,441 --> 00:54:04,174
RESULTS.
1831
00:54:04,174 --> 00:54:05,910
HE DID THIS AMAZING ANALYSIS
1832
00:54:05,910 --> 00:54:07,345
OF FOR-PROFIT COMPANIES GIVING
1833
00:54:07,345 --> 00:54:08,913
MONEY TO LAW PROFESSORS WHO
1834
00:54:08,913 --> 00:54:10,648
WROTE LAW-REVIEW ARTICLES WHICH
1835
00:54:10,648 --> 00:54:12,149
WERE THEN BENEFICIAL TO, LIKE,
1836
00:54:12,149 --> 00:54:13,684
EXXON DURING AN OIL SPILL,
1837
00:54:13,684 --> 00:54:14,084
RIGHT?
1838
00:54:14,084 --> 00:54:15,820
SO IT WAS A VERY CORRUPT SYSTEM
1839
00:54:15,820 --> 00:54:17,221
OF FUNDING, YOU KNOW, VANITY
1840
00:54:17,221 --> 00:54:17,955
RESEARCH.
1841
00:54:17,955 --> 00:54:19,724
SWARTZ HAD NEVER RELEASED THE
1842
00:54:19,724 --> 00:54:20,758
WESTLAW DOCUMENTS.
1843
00:54:20,758 --> 00:54:22,360
IN THEORY, HE COULD HAVE BEEN
1844
00:54:22,360 --> 00:54:24,061
DOING THE SAME THING ABOUT THE
1845
00:54:24,061 --> 00:54:24,995
JSTOR DATABASE.
1846
00:54:24,995 --> 00:54:26,731
THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN COMPLETELY
1847
00:54:26,731 --> 00:54:27,097
OKAY.
1848
00:54:27,097 --> 00:54:29,033
IF HE WERE, ON THE OTHER HAND,
1849
00:54:29,033 --> 00:54:30,368
INTENDING TO CREATE A
1850
00:54:30,368 --> 00:54:32,269
COMPETITIVE SERVICE TO JSTOR,
1851
00:54:32,269 --> 00:54:34,271
LIKE WE'RE GONNA SET UP OUR OWN,
1852
00:54:34,271 --> 00:54:35,406
YOU KNOW, ACCESS TO THE
1853
00:54:35,406 --> 00:54:37,007
HARVARD LAW REVIEW AND CHARGE,
1854
00:54:37,007 --> 00:54:38,309
YOU KNOW, MONEY FOR IT, THEN,
1855
00:54:38,309 --> 00:54:39,844
YOU KNOW, OKAY, NOW IT SEEMS
1856
00:54:39,844 --> 00:54:41,245
LIKE CRIMINAL VIOLATION BECAUSE
1857
00:54:41,245 --> 00:54:42,780
YOU'RE COMMERCIALLY TRYING TO
1858
00:54:42,780 --> 00:54:43,914
EXPLOIT THIS MATERIAL.
1859
00:54:43,914 --> 00:54:45,115
BUT IT'S KIND OF CRAZY TO
1860
00:54:45,115 --> 00:54:46,351
IMAGINE THAT'S WHAT HE WAS
1861
00:54:46,351 --> 00:54:46,917
DOING.
1862
00:54:46,917 --> 00:54:48,319
SO BUT THEN THERE'S THE MIDDLE
1863
00:54:48,319 --> 00:54:48,853
CASE.
1864
00:54:48,853 --> 00:54:50,287
WELL, WHAT IF HE WAS JUST TRYING
1865
00:54:50,287 --> 00:54:51,722
TO LIBERATE IT FOR ALL OF
1866
00:54:51,722 --> 00:54:52,457
DEVELOPING WORLD?
1867
00:54:52,457 --> 00:54:54,425
BUT DEPENDING ON WHAT HE WAS
1868
00:54:54,425 --> 00:54:55,760
DOING, IT CREATES A VERY
1869
00:54:55,760 --> 00:54:57,094
DIFFERENT CHARACTER TO HOW ALL
1870
00:54:57,094 --> 00:54:58,463
THE LAW SHOULD BE THINKING ABOUT
1871
00:54:58,463 --> 00:54:58,929
IT.
1872
00:54:58,929 --> 00:55:00,398
THE GOVERNMENT'S PROSECUTING HIM
1873
00:55:00,398 --> 00:55:01,966
AS IF THIS WAS LIKE A COMMERCIAL
1874
00:55:01,966 --> 00:55:03,100
CRIMINAL VIOLATION, LIKE
1875
00:55:03,100 --> 00:55:04,268
STEALING A WHOLE BUNCH OF
1876
00:55:04,268 --> 00:55:05,870
CREDIT-CARD RECORDS, THAT IT WAS
1877
00:55:05,870 --> 00:55:06,771
THAT KIND OF CRIME.
1878
00:55:06,771 --> 00:55:08,272
I DON'T KNOW WHAT HE WAS
1879
00:55:08,272 --> 00:55:10,174
GONNA DO WITH THAT DATABASE, BUT
1880
00:55:10,174 --> 00:55:11,876
I HEARD FROM A FRIEND OF HIS
1881
00:55:11,876 --> 00:55:13,478
THAT AARON HAD TOLD HIM HE WAS
1882
00:55:13,478 --> 00:55:15,145
GONNA ANALYZE THE DATA FOR
1883
00:55:15,145 --> 00:55:17,047
EVIDENCE OF CORPORATE FUNDING OF
1884
00:55:17,047 --> 00:55:18,949
CLIMATE-CHANGE RESEARCH THAT LED
1885
00:55:18,949 --> 00:55:20,084
TO BIASED RESULTS.
1886
00:55:20,084 --> 00:55:24,422
AND I TOTALLY BELIEVE THAT.
1887
00:55:24,422 --> 00:55:26,724
I WAS JUST TOLD THAT STEVE
1888
00:55:26,724 --> 00:55:29,193
WANTED TO TALK TO ME.
1889
00:55:29,193 --> 00:55:30,995
AND I THOUGHT, "MAYBE THIS IS A
1890
00:55:30,995 --> 00:55:32,463
WAY I COULD GET OUT OF THIS,
1891
00:55:32,463 --> 00:55:34,031
JUST EXIT THE SITUATION."
1892
00:55:34,031 --> 00:55:35,533
AND I DIDN'T WANT TO LIVE IN
1893
00:55:35,533 --> 00:55:37,134
FEAR OF HAVING MY COMPUTER
1894
00:55:37,134 --> 00:55:37,802
SEIZED.
1895
00:55:37,802 --> 00:55:39,437
I DIDN'T WANT TO LIVE IN FEAR OF
1896
00:55:39,437 --> 00:55:41,005
HAVING TO GO TO JAIL ON A
1897
00:55:41,005 --> 00:55:43,073
CONTEMPT OF COURT CHARGE IF THEY
1898
00:55:43,073 --> 00:55:45,109
TRIED TO COMPEL ME TO DECRYPT MY
1899
00:55:45,109 --> 00:55:45,943
COMPUTER.
1900
00:55:45,943 --> 00:55:47,878
WHEN THEY CAME TO ME AND SAID,
1901
00:55:47,878 --> 00:55:50,147
"STEVE WANTS TO TALK TO YOU,"
1902
00:55:50,147 --> 00:55:52,082
THAT SEEMED REASONABLE.
1903
00:55:52,082 --> 00:55:53,818
THEY OFFERED NORTON WHAT IS
1904
00:55:53,818 --> 00:55:55,185
KNOWN AS A QUEEN FOR A DAY
1905
00:55:55,185 --> 00:55:56,387
LETTER, OR A PROFFER.
1906
00:55:56,387 --> 00:55:58,088
IT ALLOWED PROSECUTORS TO ASK
1907
00:55:58,088 --> 00:55:59,790
QUESTIONS ABOUT AARON'S CASE.
1908
00:55:59,790 --> 00:56:01,426
NORTON WOULD BE GIVEN IMMUNITY
1909
00:56:01,426 --> 00:56:03,227
FROM PROSECUTION HERSELF FOR ANY
1910
00:56:03,227 --> 00:56:04,995
INFORMATION SHE REVEALED DURING
1911
00:56:04,995 --> 00:56:05,863
THE MEETING.
1912
00:56:05,863 --> 00:56:06,931
I DIDN'T LIKE IT.
1913
00:56:06,931 --> 00:56:08,399
I TOLD MY LAWYERS REPEATEDLY
1914
00:56:08,399 --> 00:56:10,067
THAT I DIDN'T -- THIS SEEMED
1915
00:56:10,067 --> 00:56:10,501
FISHY.
1916
00:56:10,501 --> 00:56:11,802
I DIDN'T LIKE THIS.
1917
00:56:11,802 --> 00:56:13,070
I DIDN'T WANT IMMUNITY.
1918
00:56:13,070 --> 00:56:14,338
I DIDN'T NEED IMMUNITY.
1919
00:56:14,338 --> 00:56:15,806
I HADN'T DONE ANYTHING.
1920
00:56:15,806 --> 00:56:17,074
BUT THEY WERE REALLY, REALLY
1921
00:56:17,074 --> 00:56:18,476
STRINGENT THAT THEY DID NOT WANT
1922
00:56:18,476 --> 00:56:19,844
ME MEETING THE PROSECUTOR
1923
00:56:19,844 --> 00:56:20,545
WITHOUT IMMUNITY.
1924
00:56:20,545 --> 00:56:22,112
BUT JUST TO BE CLEAR, THIS IS
1925
00:56:22,112 --> 00:56:23,313
A QUEEN FOR A DAY DEAL, A
1926
00:56:23,313 --> 00:56:23,914
PROFFER?
1927
00:56:23,914 --> 00:56:25,149
RIGHT. A PROFFER LETTER.
1928
00:56:25,149 --> 00:56:26,551
IN WHICH YOU BASICALLY HANDED
1929
00:56:26,551 --> 00:56:27,985
INFORMATION OVER TO THEM IN
1930
00:56:27,985 --> 00:56:29,253
EXCHANGE FOR PROTECTION FROM
1931
00:56:29,253 --> 00:56:30,020
PROSECUTION.
1932
00:56:30,020 --> 00:56:31,155
SO, IT WASN'T HANDING
1933
00:56:31,155 --> 00:56:32,056
INFORMATION OVER.
1934
00:56:32,056 --> 00:56:33,323
IT WAS -- AT LEAST THAT'S NOT
1935
00:56:33,323 --> 00:56:34,091
HOW I SAW IT.
1936
00:56:34,091 --> 00:56:35,526
IT WAS JUST HAVING A DISCUSSION,
1937
00:56:35,526 --> 00:56:37,027
HAVING AN INTERVIEW WITH THEM.
1938
00:56:37,027 --> 00:56:38,262
WELL, THEY'RE ASKING YOU
1939
00:56:38,262 --> 00:56:38,929
QUESTIONS.
1940
00:56:38,929 --> 00:56:40,297
THEY'RE ASKING ME QUESTIONS.
1941
00:56:40,297 --> 00:56:41,432
AND THEY CAN ASK ABOUT
1942
00:56:41,432 --> 00:56:42,399
WHATEVER THEY WANT.
1943
00:56:42,399 --> 00:56:43,067
RIGHT.
1944
00:56:43,067 --> 00:56:44,268
AND WHATEVER THEY LEARN,
1945
00:56:44,268 --> 00:56:45,836
YOU'RE NOT GONNA BE PROSECUTED.
1946
00:56:45,836 --> 00:56:46,270
RIGHT.
1947
00:56:46,270 --> 00:56:48,906
AND I REPEATEDLY TRIED TO GO IN
1948
00:56:48,906 --> 00:56:49,507
NAKED.
1949
00:56:49,507 --> 00:56:51,542
I REPEATEDLY TRIED TO TURN DOWN
1950
00:56:51,542 --> 00:56:53,010
THE PROFFER LETTER.
1951
00:56:53,010 --> 00:56:53,878
I WAS ILL.
1952
00:56:53,878 --> 00:56:55,480
I WAS BEING PRESSURED BY MY
1953
00:56:55,480 --> 00:56:56,280
LAWYERS.
1954
00:56:56,280 --> 00:56:57,381
I WAS CONFUSED.
1955
00:56:57,381 --> 00:56:59,349
I WAS NOT DOING WELL BY THIS
1956
00:56:59,349 --> 00:57:00,050
POINT.
1957
00:57:00,050 --> 00:57:01,986
I WAS DEPRESSED, AND I WAS
1958
00:57:01,986 --> 00:57:04,088
SCARED, AND I DIDN'T UNDERSTAND
1959
00:57:04,088 --> 00:57:05,623
THE SITUATION I WAS IN.
1960
00:57:05,623 --> 00:57:07,892
I HAD NO IDEA WHY I WAS IN THIS
1961
00:57:07,892 --> 00:57:08,593
SITUATION.
1962
00:57:08,593 --> 00:57:10,595
I HADN'T DONE ANYTHING
1963
00:57:10,595 --> 00:57:13,230
INTERESTING, MUCH LESS WRONG.
1964
00:57:13,230 --> 00:57:14,499
WE WENT OUT OF OUR MINDS.
1965
00:57:14,499 --> 00:57:15,600
AARON WAS CLEARLY VERY
1966
00:57:15,600 --> 00:57:16,634
DISTRAUGHT ABOUT IT.
1967
00:57:16,634 --> 00:57:18,135
WE WERE VERY DISTRAUGHT ABOUT
1968
00:57:18,135 --> 00:57:18,402
IT.
1969
00:57:18,402 --> 00:57:19,637
AARON'S ATTORNEYS WERE VERY
1970
00:57:19,637 --> 00:57:20,871
DISTRAUGHT ABOUT IT.
1971
00:57:20,871 --> 00:57:22,640
WE TRIED TO GET QUINN TO CHANGE
1972
00:57:22,640 --> 00:57:23,508
ATTORNEYS.
1973
00:57:23,508 --> 00:57:25,510
I WAS VERY UNUSED TO BEING IN
1974
00:57:25,510 --> 00:57:27,545
A ROOM WITH LARGE MEN WELL-ARMED
1975
00:57:27,545 --> 00:57:29,480
THAT ARE CONTINUALLY TELLING ME
1976
00:57:29,480 --> 00:57:31,415
I'M LYING AND THAT I MUST HAVE
1977
00:57:31,415 --> 00:57:32,483
DONE SOMETHING.
1978
00:57:32,483 --> 00:57:33,250
[ SIGHS ]
1979
00:57:33,250 --> 00:57:35,185
I TOLD THEM THAT THIS THING THAT
1980
00:57:35,185 --> 00:57:38,989
THEY WERE PROSECUTING WASN'T A
1981
00:57:38,989 --> 00:57:39,389
CRIME.
1982
00:57:39,389 --> 00:57:41,058
I TOLD THEM THAT THEY WERE ON
1983
00:57:41,058 --> 00:57:42,392
THE WRONG SIDE OF HISTORY.
1984
00:57:42,392 --> 00:57:43,460
I USED THAT PHRASE.
1985
00:57:43,460 --> 00:57:45,062
I SAID, "YOU'RE ON THE WRONG
1986
00:57:45,062 --> 00:57:48,198
SIDE OF HISTORY."
1987
00:57:48,198 --> 00:57:49,366
AND THEY LOOKED BORED.
1988
00:57:49,366 --> 00:57:50,968
THEY DIDN'T EVEN LOOK ANGRY.
1989
00:57:50,968 --> 00:57:52,202
THEY JUST LOOKED BORED.
1990
00:57:52,202 --> 00:57:54,004
AND IT BEGAN TO OCCUR TO ME THAT
1991
00:57:54,004 --> 00:57:55,372
WE WEREN'T HAVING THE SAME
1992
00:57:55,372 --> 00:57:56,240
CONVERSATION.
1993
00:57:56,240 --> 00:57:57,908
I MEAN, I TOLD THEM PLENTY OF
1994
00:57:57,908 --> 00:57:59,309
THINGS ABOUT, YOU KNOW, WHY
1995
00:57:59,309 --> 00:58:01,045
PEOPLE WOULD DOWNLOAD JOURNAL
1996
00:58:01,045 --> 00:58:02,547
ARTICLES, AND EVENTUALLY -- I
1997
00:58:02,547 --> 00:58:04,214
DON'T REMEMBER WHAT WAS AROUND
1998
00:58:04,214 --> 00:58:06,283
IT.
1999
00:58:06,283 --> 00:58:07,417
I MENTIONED THAT HE'D DONE THIS
2000
00:58:07,417 --> 00:58:08,152
BLOG POST, THE
2001
00:58:08,152 --> 00:58:12,256
GUERILLA OPEN ACCESS MANIFESTO.
2002
00:58:12,256 --> 00:58:13,558
THIS IS THE
2003
00:58:13,558 --> 00:58:16,193
GUERILLA OPEN ACCESS MANIFESTO
2004
00:58:16,193 --> 00:58:18,696
SUPPOSEDLY WRITTEN IN JULY 2008
2005
00:58:18,696 --> 00:58:19,697
IN ITALY.
2006
00:58:19,697 --> 00:58:21,065
"INFORMATION IS POWER.
2007
00:58:21,065 --> 00:58:22,432
BUT LIKE ALL POWER, THERE ARE
2008
00:58:22,432 --> 00:58:24,034
THOSE WHO WANT TO KEEP IT FOR
2009
00:58:24,034 --> 00:58:24,602
THEMSELVES.
2010
00:58:24,602 --> 00:58:26,203
THE WORLD'S ENTIRE SCIENTIFIC
2011
00:58:26,203 --> 00:58:27,638
AND CULTURE HERITAGE PUBLISHED
2012
00:58:27,638 --> 00:58:29,173
OVER CENTURIES IN BOOKS AND
2013
00:58:29,173 --> 00:58:30,608
JOURNALS IS INCREASINGLY BEING
2014
00:58:30,608 --> 00:58:32,176
DIGITIZED AND LOCKED UP BY A
2015
00:58:32,176 --> 00:58:34,111
HANDFUL OF PRIVATE CORPORATIONS.
2016
00:58:34,111 --> 00:58:35,412
MEANWHILE, THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN
2017
00:58:35,412 --> 00:58:36,981
LOCKED OUT ARE NOT STANDING IDLY
2018
00:58:36,981 --> 00:58:37,247
BY.
2019
00:58:37,247 --> 00:58:38,448
YOU'VE BEEN SNEAKING THROUGH
2020
00:58:38,448 --> 00:58:39,984
HOLES AND CLIMBING OVER FENCES,
2021
00:58:39,984 --> 00:58:41,151
LIBERATING THE INFORMATION
2022
00:58:41,151 --> 00:58:42,486
LOCKED UP BY THE PUBLISHERS AND
2023
00:58:42,486 --> 00:58:44,021
SHARING THEM WITH YOUR FRIENDS.
2024
00:58:44,021 --> 00:58:45,489
BUT ALL OF THIS ACTION GOES ON
2025
00:58:45,489 --> 00:58:47,224
IN THE DARK, HIDDEN UNDERGROUND.
2026
00:58:47,224 --> 00:58:48,959
IT'S CALLED STEALING OR PIRACY,
2027
00:58:48,959 --> 00:58:50,260
AS IF SHARING A WEALTH OF
2028
00:58:50,260 --> 00:58:51,495
KNOWLEDGE WERE THE MORAL
2029
00:58:51,495 --> 00:58:53,230
EQUIVALENT OF PLUNDERING A SHIP
2030
00:58:53,230 --> 00:58:54,431
AND MURDERING ITS CREW.
2031
00:58:54,431 --> 00:58:56,133
BUT SHARING ISN'T IMMORAL --
2032
00:58:56,133 --> 00:58:57,467
IT'S A MORAL IMPERATIVE.
2033
00:58:57,467 --> 00:58:59,103
ONLY THOSE BLINDED BY GREED
2034
00:58:59,103 --> 00:59:00,671
WOULD REFUSE TO LET A FRIEND
2035
00:59:00,671 --> 00:59:01,538
MAKE A COPY.
2036
00:59:01,538 --> 00:59:03,207
THERE'S NO JUSTICE IN FOLLOWING
2037
00:59:03,207 --> 00:59:03,808
UNJUST LAWS.
2038
00:59:03,808 --> 00:59:05,509
IT'S TIME TO COME INTO THE LIGHT
2039
00:59:05,509 --> 00:59:06,977
AND, IN A GRAND TRADITION OF
2040
00:59:06,977 --> 00:59:08,445
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE, DECLARE OUR
2041
00:59:08,445 --> 00:59:10,147
OPPOSITION TO THIS PRIVATE THEFT
2042
00:59:10,147 --> 00:59:11,649
OF PUBLIC CULTURE."
2043
00:59:11,649 --> 00:59:13,417
THE MANIFESTO ITSELF WAS
2044
00:59:13,417 --> 00:59:15,152
ALLEGEDLY WRITTEN BY FOUR
2045
00:59:15,152 --> 00:59:17,187
DIFFERENT PEOPLE AND ALSO EDITED
2046
00:59:17,187 --> 00:59:18,055
BY NORTON.
2047
00:59:18,055 --> 00:59:20,090
BUT IT WAS SWARTZ WHO HAD SIGNED
2048
00:59:20,090 --> 00:59:21,191
HIS NAME TO IT.
2049
00:59:21,191 --> 00:59:22,760
WHEN IT'S OVER, I GO
2050
00:59:22,760 --> 00:59:24,995
IMMEDIATELY TO AARON AND TELL
2051
00:59:24,995 --> 00:59:27,031
HIM EVERYTHING I CAN REMEMBER
2052
00:59:27,031 --> 00:59:28,498
ABOUT IT.
2053
00:59:28,498 --> 00:59:31,001
AND HE GETS VERY ANGRY.
2054
00:59:31,001 --> 00:59:34,004
[ THUNDER RUMBLES ]
2055
00:59:34,004 --> 00:59:35,239
THE THINGS THAT I'D DONE
2056
00:59:35,239 --> 00:59:36,607
SHOULDN'T HAVE ADDED UP THAT
2057
00:59:36,607 --> 00:59:40,044
WAY.
2058
00:59:40,044 --> 00:59:43,147
I HADN'T DONE ANYTHING WRONG,
2059
00:59:43,147 --> 00:59:46,250
AND EVERYTHING HAD GONE WRONG.
2060
00:59:46,250 --> 00:59:49,553
BUT I WAS NEVER...
2061
00:59:49,553 --> 00:59:52,589
[ SIGHS ]
2062
00:59:52,589 --> 00:59:56,627
[ SIGHS ]
2063
00:59:56,627 --> 01:00:00,064
I'M STILL ANGRY.
2064
01:00:00,064 --> 01:00:03,267
I'M STILL ANGRY THAT YOU CAN TRY
2065
01:00:03,267 --> 01:00:04,735
YOUR BEST WITH THESE PEOPLE TO
2066
01:00:04,735 --> 01:00:06,336
DO THE RIGHT THING, AND THEY
2067
01:00:06,336 --> 01:00:08,105
WILL TURN EVERYTHING AGAINST YOU
2068
01:00:08,105 --> 01:00:09,473
AND THEY WILL HURT YOU WITH
2069
01:00:09,473 --> 01:00:14,344
ANYTHING THEY CAN.
2070
01:00:14,344 --> 01:00:17,147
AND IN THAT MOMENT, I REGRET
2071
01:00:17,147 --> 01:00:19,416
THAT I SAID WHAT I DID.
2072
01:00:19,416 --> 01:00:21,118
BUT MY MUCH LARGER REGRET IS
2073
01:00:21,118 --> 01:00:22,753
THAT WE HAVE SETTLED FOR THIS,
2074
01:00:22,753 --> 01:00:24,655
THAT WE ARE OKAY WITH THIS, THAT
2075
01:00:24,655 --> 01:00:26,323
WE ARE OKAY WITH A JUSTICE
2076
01:00:26,323 --> 01:00:28,258
SYSTEM THAT TRIES TO GAME PEOPLE
2077
01:00:28,258 --> 01:00:30,060
INTO LITTLE TRAPS SO THEY CAN
2078
01:00:30,060 --> 01:00:32,362
RUIN THEIR LIVES.
2079
01:00:32,362 --> 01:00:35,265
SO, YEAH, I WISH I HADN'T SAID
2080
01:00:35,265 --> 01:00:38,302
THAT, BUT I'M MUCH, MUCH ANGRIER
2081
01:00:38,302 --> 01:00:42,106
THAT THIS IS WHERE I AM...
2082
01:00:42,106 --> 01:00:44,842
THAT THIS IS WHAT WE AS A PEOPLE
2083
01:00:44,842 --> 01:00:47,845
THINK IS OKAY.
2084
01:00:47,845 --> 01:00:50,247
THEY USED EVERY METHOD THAT I
2085
01:00:50,247 --> 01:00:52,449
THINK THEY COULD THINK OF TO GET
2086
01:00:52,449 --> 01:00:54,618
HER TO PROVIDE INFORMATION WHICH
2087
01:00:54,618 --> 01:00:56,754
WOULD BE UNHELPFUL TO AARON AND
2088
01:00:56,754 --> 01:00:58,789
HELPFUL TO THE PROSECUTION OF
2089
01:00:58,789 --> 01:00:59,523
AARON.
2090
01:00:59,523 --> 01:01:01,859
BUT, YOU KNOW, I DON'T THINK SHE
2091
01:01:01,859 --> 01:01:04,261
HAD INFORMATION THAT WAS HELPFUL
2092
01:01:04,261 --> 01:01:07,164
TO THE GOVERNMENT.
2093
01:01:07,164 --> 01:01:08,632
MONTHS GO BY AS SWARTZ'S
2094
01:01:08,632 --> 01:01:10,234
FRIENDS AND FAMILY AWAIT A
2095
01:01:10,234 --> 01:01:11,802
LOOMING INDICTMENT.
2096
01:01:11,802 --> 01:01:13,437
IN THE MEANTIME, SWARTZ WAS
2097
01:01:13,437 --> 01:01:15,105
BECOMING A GO-TO EXPERT ON A
2098
01:01:15,105 --> 01:01:16,506
SERIES OF INTERNET ISSUES.
2099
01:01:16,506 --> 01:01:17,842
DO YOU THINK THAT THE
2100
01:01:17,842 --> 01:01:19,409
INTERNET IS SOMETHING THAT
2101
01:01:19,409 --> 01:01:21,111
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED A HUMAN
2102
01:01:21,111 --> 01:01:22,579
RIGHT AND SOMETHING THAT THE
2103
01:01:22,579 --> 01:01:24,414
GOVERNMENT CANNOT TAKE AWAY FROM
2104
01:01:24,414 --> 01:01:24,749
YOU?
2105
01:01:24,749 --> 01:01:25,783
YES, DEFINITELY.
2106
01:01:25,783 --> 01:01:27,184
I MEAN, THIS NOTION THAT
2107
01:01:27,184 --> 01:01:28,585
NATIONAL SECURITY IS AN EXCUSE
2108
01:01:28,585 --> 01:01:29,820
TO SHUT DOWN THE INTERNET,
2109
01:01:29,820 --> 01:01:31,455
THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT WE HEARD IN
2110
01:01:31,455 --> 01:01:32,823
EGYPT AND SYRIA AND ALL THESE
2111
01:01:32,823 --> 01:01:33,758
OTHER COUNTRIES.
2112
01:01:33,758 --> 01:01:34,825
AND SO, YEAH, IT'S TRUE.
2113
01:01:34,825 --> 01:01:36,226
SITES LIKE WikiLeaks ARE GOING
2114
01:01:36,226 --> 01:01:37,161
TO BE PUTTING UP SOME
2115
01:01:37,161 --> 01:01:38,428
EMBARRASSING MATERIAL ABOUT WHAT
2116
01:01:38,428 --> 01:01:39,596
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT DOES, AND
2117
01:01:39,596 --> 01:01:40,765
PEOPLE ARE GONNA BE ORGANIZING
2118
01:01:40,765 --> 01:01:42,199
TO PROTEST ABOUT IT AND TRY AND
2119
01:01:42,199 --> 01:01:43,233
CHANGE THEIR GOVERNMENT.
2120
01:01:43,233 --> 01:01:44,334
YOU KNOW, AND THAT'S A GOOD
2121
01:01:44,334 --> 01:01:44,668
THING.
2122
01:01:44,668 --> 01:01:45,602
THAT'S WHAT ALL THESE
2123
01:01:45,602 --> 01:01:46,771
FIRST-AMENDMENT RIGHTS, FREE
2124
01:01:46,771 --> 01:01:47,772
EXPRESSION, FREEDOM OF
2125
01:01:47,772 --> 01:01:48,906
ASSOCIATION ARE ALL ABOUT.
2126
01:01:48,906 --> 01:01:50,240
AND SO, THE NOTION THAT WE
2127
01:01:50,240 --> 01:01:51,541
SHOULD TRY AND SHUT THOSE DOWN I
2128
01:01:51,541 --> 01:01:52,709
THINK JUST GOES AGAINST VERY
2129
01:01:52,709 --> 01:01:53,844
BASIC AMERICAN PRINCIPLES.
2130
01:01:53,844 --> 01:01:55,279
THE PRINCIPLE, I THINK, IS ONE
2131
01:01:55,279 --> 01:01:56,546
THAT OUR FOUNDING FATHERS WOULD
2132
01:01:56,546 --> 01:01:57,381
HAVE UNDERSTOOD.
2133
01:01:57,381 --> 01:01:58,648
IF THE INTERNET HAD BEEN AROUND
2134
01:01:58,648 --> 01:01:59,850
BACK THEN, INSTEAD OF PUTTING
2135
01:01:59,850 --> 01:02:00,851
POST OFFICES IN THE
2136
01:02:00,851 --> 01:02:02,252
CONSTITUTION, THEY WOULD HAVE
2137
01:02:02,252 --> 01:02:03,754
PUT ISPs.
2138
01:02:03,754 --> 01:02:04,688
WELL, IT'S DEFINITELY
2139
01:02:04,688 --> 01:02:05,689
INTERESTING TO SEE HOW...
2140
01:02:05,689 --> 01:02:06,623
SWARTZ MEETS ACTIVIST
2141
01:02:06,623 --> 01:02:08,425
TAREN STINEBRICKNER-KAUFFMAN,
2142
01:02:08,425 --> 01:02:09,927
AND THE TWO BEGIN TO DATE.
2143
01:02:09,927 --> 01:02:11,328
WE NEED A MASSIVE GLOBAL
2144
01:02:11,328 --> 01:02:11,896
PUBLIC OUTCRY.
2145
01:02:11,896 --> 01:02:13,330
THERE'S NO MASSIVE GLOBAL
2146
01:02:13,330 --> 01:02:13,898
PUBLIC OUTCRY.
2147
01:02:13,898 --> 01:02:15,299
IT WON'T CREATE ANY CHANGE.
2148
01:02:15,299 --> 01:02:16,633
YOU KNOW, FOUR PEOPLE IN THIS
2149
01:02:16,633 --> 01:02:17,835
CITY SHOULD CAUSE A MASSIVE
2150
01:02:17,835 --> 01:02:18,836
GLOBAL PUBLIC OUTCRY.
2151
01:02:18,836 --> 01:02:20,704
YOU KNOW, WE NEED A PETITION
2152
01:02:20,704 --> 01:02:21,405
SIGNER.
2153
01:02:21,405 --> 01:02:22,706
WITHOUT TELLING HER
2154
01:02:22,706 --> 01:02:24,241
SPECIFICS, HE WARNED HER HE WAS
2155
01:02:24,241 --> 01:02:25,575
INVOLVED IN SOMETHING HE CALLED
2156
01:02:25,575 --> 01:02:27,411
SIMPLY "THE BAD THING."
2157
01:02:27,411 --> 01:02:28,678
AND I HAD SORT OF CRAZY
2158
01:02:28,678 --> 01:02:29,947
THEORIES, LIKE THAT HE WAS
2159
01:02:29,947 --> 01:02:31,281
HAVING AN AFFAIR WITH
2160
01:02:31,281 --> 01:02:32,682
ELIZABETH WARREN OR SOMETHING.
2161
01:02:32,682 --> 01:02:33,650
I SPECULATED BOTH
2162
01:02:33,650 --> 01:02:34,684
HILLARY CLINTON AND
2163
01:02:34,684 --> 01:02:36,186
ELIZABETH WARREN, ACTUALLY.
2164
01:02:36,186 --> 01:02:37,687
BUT...[ LAUGHS ]
2165
01:02:37,687 --> 01:02:39,656
SO, SOMETIME IN PROBABLY LATE
2166
01:02:39,656 --> 01:02:41,658
JULY, AARON CALLED ME, AND I
2167
01:02:41,658 --> 01:02:43,560
HAPPENED TO PICK UP, AND HE
2168
01:02:43,560 --> 01:02:44,761
SAID, YOU KNOW, "THE BAD THING
2169
01:02:44,761 --> 01:02:46,196
MIGHT BE IN THE NEWS TOMORROW.
2170
01:02:46,196 --> 01:02:47,397
DO YOU WANT ME TO TELL YOU, OR
2171
01:02:47,397 --> 01:02:48,665
DO YOU WANT TO READ ABOUT IT IN
2172
01:02:48,665 --> 01:02:49,299
THE NEWS?"
2173
01:02:49,299 --> 01:02:50,567
AND I SAID, "WELL, I WANT YOU TO
2174
01:02:50,567 --> 01:02:52,602
TELL ME."
2175
01:02:52,602 --> 01:02:57,808
AND HE SAID, "WELL, I'VE BEEN
2176
01:02:57,808 --> 01:02:59,243
ARRESTED FOR DOWNLOADING TOO
2177
01:02:59,243 --> 01:03:00,610
MANY ACADEMIC-JOURNAL ARTICLES,
2178
01:03:00,610 --> 01:03:01,979
AND THEY WANT TO MAKE AN EXAMPLE
2179
01:03:01,979 --> 01:03:03,647
OUT OF ME."
2180
01:03:03,647 --> 01:03:05,816
AND I WAS LIKE, "THAT'S IT?
2181
01:03:05,816 --> 01:03:07,517
THAT'S THE BIG FUSS?
2182
01:03:07,517 --> 01:03:08,385
REALLY?
2183
01:03:08,385 --> 01:03:10,487
LIKE, THIS DOESN'T SOUND LIKE A
2184
01:03:10,487 --> 01:03:11,621
VERY BIG DEAL."
2185
01:03:11,621 --> 01:03:13,523
ON JULY 14, 2011, FEDERAL
2186
01:03:13,523 --> 01:03:15,492
PROSECUTORS INDICT SWARTZ ON
2187
01:03:15,492 --> 01:03:16,827
FOUR FELONY COUNTS.
2188
01:03:16,827 --> 01:03:18,896
HE GETS INDICTED ON THE SAME
2189
01:03:18,896 --> 01:03:20,898
DAY THAT, LIKE, TWO PEOPLE IN
2190
01:03:20,898 --> 01:03:22,732
ENGLAND WHO ARE PART OF LulzSec
2191
01:03:22,732 --> 01:03:24,568
GET ARRESTED AND, LIKE, A VERY
2192
01:03:24,568 --> 01:03:25,735
OTHER REAL HACKERS.
2193
01:03:25,735 --> 01:03:27,604
AND AARON IS JUST, LIKE, SOMEONE
2194
01:03:27,604 --> 01:03:29,473
WHO KIND OF LOOKS LIKE A HACKER
2195
01:03:29,473 --> 01:03:31,308
ENOUGH THAT THEY CAN, LIKE, YOU
2196
01:03:31,308 --> 01:03:32,877
KNOW, PUT HIS HEAD ON A STAKE
2197
01:03:32,877 --> 01:03:34,744
AND, LIKE, PUT IT ON THE GATES.
2198
01:03:34,744 --> 01:03:36,580
AARON WENT TO SURRENDER, AND
2199
01:03:36,580 --> 01:03:38,648
THEY ARRESTED HIM.
2200
01:03:38,648 --> 01:03:40,918
THEY THEN STRIP-SEARCHED HIM,
2201
01:03:40,918 --> 01:03:43,387
TOOK AWAY HIS SHOELACES, TOOK
2202
01:03:43,387 --> 01:03:45,722
AWAY HIS BELT, AND LEFT HIM IN
2203
01:03:45,722 --> 01:03:49,526
SOLITARY CONFINEMENT.
2204
01:03:49,526 --> 01:03:51,361
THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
2205
01:03:51,361 --> 01:03:52,930
UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS OFFICE
2206
01:03:52,930 --> 01:03:54,598
RELEASED A STATEMENT SAYING
2207
01:03:54,598 --> 01:03:56,633
SWARTZ FACES UP TO 35 YEARS IN
2208
01:03:56,633 --> 01:03:58,735
PRISON, TO BE FOLLOWED BY THREE
2209
01:03:58,735 --> 01:04:00,737
YEARS OF SUPERVISED RELEASE,
2210
01:04:00,737 --> 01:04:02,772
RESTITUTION, FORFEITURE, AND A
2211
01:04:02,772 --> 01:04:05,742
FINE OF UP TO $1 MILLION.
2212
01:04:05,742 --> 01:04:07,945
HE IS RELEASED ON $100,000 BAIL
2213
01:04:07,945 --> 01:04:10,414
THE SAME DAY THE PRIMARY VICTIM
2214
01:04:10,414 --> 01:04:12,516
IN THE CASE, JSTOR, FORMALLY
2215
01:04:12,516 --> 01:04:14,484
DROPS ALL CHARGES AGAINST
2216
01:04:14,484 --> 01:04:16,586
SWARTZ AND DECLINES TO PURSUE
2217
01:04:16,586 --> 01:04:17,487
THE CASE.
2218
01:04:17,487 --> 01:04:18,923
JSTOR -- THEY WEREN'T OUR
2219
01:04:18,923 --> 01:04:19,623
FRIENDS.
2220
01:04:19,623 --> 01:04:21,425
THEY WEREN'T HELPFUL OR FRIENDLY
2221
01:04:21,425 --> 01:04:22,927
TO US, BUT THEY ALSO WERE JUST
2222
01:04:22,927 --> 01:04:24,728
KIND OF LIKE, "WE'RE NOT PART OF
2223
01:04:24,728 --> 01:04:25,329
THIS."
2224
01:04:25,329 --> 01:04:26,663
JSTOR AND THEIR PARENT
2225
01:04:26,663 --> 01:04:27,864
COMPANY, ITHAKA, ALSO
2226
01:04:27,864 --> 01:04:29,499
SIDESTEPPED REQUESTS TO TALK
2227
01:04:29,499 --> 01:04:30,867
WITH THIS FILM.
2228
01:04:30,867 --> 01:04:32,336
BUT AT THE TIME, THEY RELEASED A
2229
01:04:32,336 --> 01:04:33,437
STATEMENT SAYING IT WAS THE
2230
01:04:33,437 --> 01:04:34,704
GOVERNMENT'S DECISION WHETHER TO
2231
01:04:34,704 --> 01:04:37,707
PROSECUTE, NOT JSTOR's.
2232
01:04:37,707 --> 01:04:39,609
AND SO, IT'S OUR BELIEF THAT
2233
01:04:39,609 --> 01:04:41,345
WITH THAT, THE CASE WILL BE
2234
01:04:41,345 --> 01:04:43,047
OVER, THAT WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO
2235
01:04:43,047 --> 01:04:44,949
GET STEVE HEYMANN DROP THE CASE
2236
01:04:44,949 --> 01:04:47,617
OR SETTLE IT IN SOME RATIONAL
2237
01:04:47,617 --> 01:04:48,352
WAY.
2238
01:04:48,352 --> 01:04:50,887
AND THE GOVERNMENT REFUSED.
2239
01:04:50,887 --> 01:04:54,591
WHY?
2240
01:04:54,591 --> 01:04:56,360
WELL, BECAUSE I THINK THEY
2241
01:04:56,360 --> 01:04:58,062
WANTED TO MAKE AN EXAMPLE OUT OF
2242
01:04:58,062 --> 01:04:59,997
AARON, AND THEY SAID THEY WANTED
2243
01:04:59,997 --> 01:05:01,698
TO -- THE REASON WHY THEY
2244
01:05:01,698 --> 01:05:03,467
WOULDN'T MOVE ON REQUIRING A
2245
01:05:03,467 --> 01:05:05,135
FELONY CONVICTION AND JAIL TIME
2246
01:05:05,135 --> 01:05:09,373
WAS THAT THEY WANTED -- THEY
2247
01:05:09,373 --> 01:05:10,707
WANTED TO USE THIS CASE AS A
2248
01:05:10,707 --> 01:05:11,741
CASE FOR DETERRENCE.
2249
01:05:11,741 --> 01:05:12,742
THEY TOLD US THAT.
2250
01:05:12,742 --> 01:05:13,843
THEY TOLD YOU THAT?
2251
01:05:13,843 --> 01:05:14,411
YES.
2252
01:05:14,411 --> 01:05:15,679
THIS WAS GONNA BE AN EXAMPLE?
2253
01:05:15,679 --> 01:05:16,046
YES.
2254
01:05:16,046 --> 01:05:17,347
HE WAS GONNA BE MADE AN
2255
01:05:17,347 --> 01:05:17,814
EXAMPLE OF?
2256
01:05:17,814 --> 01:05:19,349
YES.
2257
01:05:19,349 --> 01:05:21,618
STEVE HEYMANN SAID THAT.
2258
01:05:21,618 --> 01:05:22,419
DETERRING WHO?
2259
01:05:22,419 --> 01:05:23,553
LIKE, THERE'S OTHER PEOPLE OUT
2260
01:05:23,553 --> 01:05:24,721
THERE RUNNING AROUND LOGGING ON
2261
01:05:24,721 --> 01:05:25,789
TO JSTOR AND DOWNLOADING THE
2262
01:05:25,789 --> 01:05:26,890
ARTICLES TO MAKE A POLITICAL
2263
01:05:26,890 --> 01:05:27,491
STATEMENT?
2264
01:05:27,491 --> 01:05:29,559
I MEAN, WHO WERE THEY DETERRING?
2265
01:05:29,559 --> 01:05:31,395
IT WOULD BE EASIER TO
2266
01:05:31,395 --> 01:05:32,829
UNDERSTAND THE OBAMA
2267
01:05:32,829 --> 01:05:34,798
ADMINISTRATION'S POSTURE OF
2268
01:05:34,798 --> 01:05:36,967
SUPPOSEDLY BEING FOR DETERRENCE
2269
01:05:36,967 --> 01:05:39,036
IF THIS WAS AN ADMINISTRATION
2270
01:05:39,036 --> 01:05:40,770
THAT, FOR INSTANCE, PROSECUTED
2271
01:05:40,770 --> 01:05:42,472
ARGUABLY THE BIGGEST ECONOMIC
2272
01:05:42,472 --> 01:05:44,008
CRIME THIS COUNTRY HAS SEEN IN
2273
01:05:44,008 --> 01:05:45,609
THE LAST HUNDRED YEARS, THE
2274
01:05:45,609 --> 01:05:47,044
CRIMES THAT WERE COMMITTED THAT
2275
01:05:47,044 --> 01:05:48,645
LED TO THE FINANCIAL CRISIS ON
2276
01:05:48,645 --> 01:05:49,879
WALL STREET.
2277
01:05:49,879 --> 01:05:53,050
WHEN YOU START DEPLOYING THE
2278
01:05:53,050 --> 01:05:55,485
NON-CONTROVERSIAL IDEA OF
2279
01:05:55,485 --> 01:05:58,155
DETERRENCE, ONLY SELECTIVELY YOU
2280
01:05:58,155 --> 01:06:00,124
STOP MAKING A DISPASSIONATE
2281
01:06:00,124 --> 01:06:02,226
ANALYSIS OF LAW-BREAKING AND
2282
01:06:02,226 --> 01:06:04,128
YOU'VE STARTED DECIDING TO
2283
01:06:04,128 --> 01:06:06,530
DEPLOY LAW-ENFORCEMENT RESOURCES
2284
01:06:06,530 --> 01:06:08,532
SPECIFICALLY ON THE BASIS OF
2285
01:06:08,532 --> 01:06:09,966
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY.
2286
01:06:09,966 --> 01:06:11,768
AND THAT'S NOT JUST
2287
01:06:11,768 --> 01:06:13,003
UNDEMOCRATIC.
2288
01:06:13,003 --> 01:06:18,808
IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE UNAMERICAN.
2289
01:06:18,808 --> 01:06:20,644
PROSECUTOR STEPHEN HEYMANN
2290
01:06:20,644 --> 01:06:22,179
LATER REPORTEDLY TOLD MIT's
2291
01:06:22,179 --> 01:06:24,048
OUTSIDE COUNSEL THAT THE STRAW
2292
01:06:24,048 --> 01:06:25,982
THAT BROKE THE CAMEL'S BACK WAS
2293
01:06:25,982 --> 01:06:27,851
A PRESS RELEASE SENT OUT BY AN
2294
01:06:27,851 --> 01:06:29,586
ORGANIZATION SWARTZ FOUNDED
2295
01:06:29,586 --> 01:06:30,954
CALLED DEMAND PROGRESS.
2296
01:06:30,954 --> 01:06:32,789
ACCORDING TO THE MIT ACCOUNT,
2297
01:06:32,789 --> 01:06:34,658
HEYMANN REACTED TO THE SWARTZ
2298
01:06:34,658 --> 01:06:36,593
STATEMENT OF SUPPORT, CALLING IT
2299
01:06:36,593 --> 01:06:38,462
A WILD INTERNET CAMPAIGN AND A
2300
01:06:38,462 --> 01:06:40,197
FOOLISH MOVE THAT MOVED THE CASE
2301
01:06:40,197 --> 01:06:42,166
FROM A HUMAN ONE-ON-ONE LEVEL TO
2302
01:06:42,166 --> 01:06:43,733
AN INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL.
2303
01:06:43,733 --> 01:06:44,868
THAT WAS A POISONOUS
2304
01:06:44,868 --> 01:06:46,470
COMBINATION -- A PROSECUTOR WHO
2305
01:06:46,470 --> 01:06:47,771
DIDN'T WANT TO LOSE FACE, WHO
2306
01:06:47,771 --> 01:06:49,106
HAD A POLITICAL CAREER IN THE
2307
01:06:49,106 --> 01:06:50,707
OFFING MAYBE AND DIDN'T WANT TO
2308
01:06:50,707 --> 01:06:52,042
HAVE THIS COME BACK AND HAUNT
2309
01:06:52,042 --> 01:06:52,542
HIM.
2310
01:06:52,542 --> 01:06:53,910
YOU SPENT HOW MANY TAX DOLLARS
2311
01:06:53,910 --> 01:06:55,512
ARRESTING SOMEONE FOR TAKING TOO
2312
01:06:55,512 --> 01:06:56,846
MANY BOOKS OUT OF THE LIBRARY
2313
01:06:56,846 --> 01:06:58,448
AND THEN GOT YOUR ASS HANDED TO
2314
01:06:58,448 --> 01:06:59,049
YOU IN COURT?
2315
01:06:59,049 --> 01:07:00,884
NO WAY.
2316
01:07:00,884 --> 01:07:02,552
I THEN MOVED TO TRY TO PUT
2317
01:07:02,552 --> 01:07:04,121
PRESSURE ON MIT IN VARIOUS WAYS
2318
01:07:04,121 --> 01:07:05,589
TO GET THEM TO GO TO THE
2319
01:07:05,589 --> 01:07:06,956
GOVERNMENT AND REQUEST THE
2320
01:07:06,956 --> 01:07:09,025
GOVERNMENT TO STOP THE
2321
01:07:09,025 --> 01:07:10,527
PROSECUTION.
2322
01:07:10,527 --> 01:07:12,596
WHAT WAS MIT's REACTION TO
2323
01:07:12,596 --> 01:07:14,131
THAT?
2324
01:07:14,131 --> 01:07:15,699
THERE DOESN'T SEEM TO BE ANY
2325
01:07:15,699 --> 01:07:22,172
REACTION FROM MIT AT THAT POINT.
2326
01:07:22,172 --> 01:07:24,841
MIT DOESN'T DEFEND AARON,
2327
01:07:24,841 --> 01:07:27,611
WHICH, TO PEOPLE INSIDE OF THE
2328
01:07:27,611 --> 01:07:30,514
MIT COMMUNITY, SEEMS OUTRAGEOUS,
2329
01:07:30,514 --> 01:07:32,916
BECAUSE MIT IS A PLACE THAT
2330
01:07:32,916 --> 01:07:34,151
ENCOURAGES HACKING IN THE
2331
01:07:34,151 --> 01:07:35,685
BIGGEST SENSE OF THE WORLD.
2332
01:07:35,685 --> 01:07:37,154
AT MIT, THE IDEA OF GOING AND
2333
01:07:37,154 --> 01:07:38,655
RUNNING AROUND ON ROOFS AND
2334
01:07:38,655 --> 01:07:40,157
TUNNELS THAT YOU WEREN'T ALLOWED
2335
01:07:40,157 --> 01:07:42,526
TO BE IN WAS NOT ONLY A RITE OF
2336
01:07:42,526 --> 01:07:43,160
PASSAGE.
2337
01:07:43,160 --> 01:07:45,695
IT WAS PART OF THE MIT TOUR.
2338
01:07:45,695 --> 01:07:48,565
AND LOCK-PICKING WAS A WINTER
2339
01:07:48,565 --> 01:07:50,033
COURSE AT MIT.
2340
01:07:50,033 --> 01:07:53,603
THEY HAD THE MORAL AUTHORITY
2341
01:07:53,603 --> 01:07:55,672
TO STOP IT IN ITS TRACKS.
2342
01:07:55,672 --> 01:07:58,142
MIT NEVER STOOD UP AND TOOK A
2343
01:07:58,142 --> 01:08:00,644
POSITION SAYING TO THE FEDS,
2344
01:08:00,644 --> 01:08:02,112
"DON'T DO THIS.
2345
01:08:02,112 --> 01:08:03,780
WE DON'T WANT YOU TO DO THIS.
2346
01:08:03,780 --> 01:08:04,914
YOU'RE OVERREACTING.
2347
01:08:04,914 --> 01:08:06,583
THIS IS TOO STRONG," THAT I'M
2348
01:08:06,583 --> 01:08:07,784
AWARE OF.
2349
01:08:07,784 --> 01:08:09,619
THEY ACTED KIND OF LIKE ANY
2350
01:08:09,619 --> 01:08:10,854
CORPORATION WOULD.
2351
01:08:10,854 --> 01:08:12,889
THEY SORT OF -- THEY HELPED THE
2352
01:08:12,889 --> 01:08:13,823
GOVERNMENT.
2353
01:08:13,823 --> 01:08:15,859
THEY DIDN'T HELP US UNLESS THEY
2354
01:08:15,859 --> 01:08:17,060
FELT THEY HAD TO.
2355
01:08:17,060 --> 01:08:21,565
AND THEY NEVER TRIED TO STOP IT.
2356
01:08:21,565 --> 01:08:22,932
MIT DECLINED REPEATED
2357
01:08:22,932 --> 01:08:24,668
REQUESTS TO COMMENT, BUT THEY
2358
01:08:24,668 --> 01:08:26,270
LATER RELEASED A REPORT SAYING
2359
01:08:26,270 --> 01:08:27,971
THEY ATTEMPTED TO MAINTAIN A
2360
01:08:27,971 --> 01:08:29,606
POSITION OF NEUTRALITY AND
2361
01:08:29,606 --> 01:08:31,175
BELIEVED HEYMANN AND THE U.S.
2362
01:08:31,175 --> 01:08:32,942
ATTORNEYS OFFICE DID NOT CARE
2363
01:08:32,942 --> 01:08:34,711
WHAT MIT THOUGHT OR SAID ABOUT
2364
01:08:34,711 --> 01:08:35,279
THE CASE.
2365
01:08:35,279 --> 01:08:38,148
MIT's BEHAVIOR SEEMED REALLY
2366
01:08:38,148 --> 01:08:40,750
AT ODDS WITH THE MIT ETHOS,
2367
01:08:40,750 --> 01:08:41,651
RIGHT?
2368
01:08:41,651 --> 01:08:43,287
YOU COULD ARGUE THAT MIT TURNED
2369
01:08:43,287 --> 01:08:45,054
A BLIND EYE AND THAT WAS OKAY
2370
01:08:45,054 --> 01:08:46,022
FOR THEM TO DO.
2371
01:08:46,022 --> 01:08:47,857
BUT TAKING THAT STANCE, TAKING
2372
01:08:47,857 --> 01:08:49,626
THAT NEUTRAL STANCE IN AND OF
2373
01:08:49,626 --> 01:08:50,794
ITSELF WAS TAKING A
2374
01:08:50,794 --> 01:08:52,061
PRO-PROSECUTOR STANCE.
2375
01:08:52,061 --> 01:08:53,930
IF YOU LOOK AT STEVE JOBS AND
2376
01:08:53,930 --> 01:08:55,999
STEVE WOZNIAK, THEY STARTED BY
2377
01:08:55,999 --> 01:08:58,168
SELLING A BLUE BOX, WHICH WAS A
2378
01:08:58,168 --> 01:09:00,270
THING DESIGNED TO DEFRAUD THE
2379
01:09:00,270 --> 01:09:01,405
PHONE COMPANY.
2380
01:09:01,405 --> 01:09:03,373
IF YOU LOOK AT BILL GATES AND
2381
01:09:03,373 --> 01:09:05,175
PAUL ALLEN, THEY INITIALLY
2382
01:09:05,175 --> 01:09:06,676
STARTED THEIR BUSINESS BY USING
2383
01:09:06,676 --> 01:09:07,877
COMPUTER TIME AT HARVARD, WHICH
2384
01:09:07,877 --> 01:09:09,145
WAS PRETTY CLEARLY AGAINST THE
2385
01:09:09,145 --> 01:09:09,679
RULES.
2386
01:09:09,679 --> 01:09:11,014
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AARON AND THE
2387
01:09:11,014 --> 01:09:12,282
PEOPLE I JUST MENTIONED IS THAT
2388
01:09:12,282 --> 01:09:13,817
AARON WANTED TO MAKE THE WORLD A
2389
01:09:13,817 --> 01:09:14,351
BETTER PLACE.
2390
01:09:14,351 --> 01:09:15,719
HE DIDN'T JUST WANT TO MAKE
2391
01:09:15,719 --> 01:09:18,355
MONEY.
2392
01:09:18,355 --> 01:09:19,989
SWARTZ CONTINUES TO BE
2393
01:09:19,989 --> 01:09:21,625
OUTSPOKEN ON A VARIETY OF
2394
01:09:21,625 --> 01:09:22,692
INTERNET ISSUES.
2395
01:09:22,692 --> 01:09:24,194
YOU KNOW, THE REASON THE
2396
01:09:24,194 --> 01:09:26,129
INTERNET WORKS IS BECAUSE OF THE
2397
01:09:26,129 --> 01:09:27,797
COMPETITIVE MARKETPLACE OF
2398
01:09:27,797 --> 01:09:28,232
IDEAS.
2399
01:09:28,232 --> 01:09:29,733
AND WHAT WE NEED TO BE FOCUSING
2400
01:09:29,733 --> 01:09:31,034
ON IS GETTING MORE INFORMATION
2401
01:09:31,034 --> 01:09:32,236
ABOUT OUR GOVERNMENT, MORE
2402
01:09:32,236 --> 01:09:33,770
ACCESSIBILITY, MORE DISCUSSION,
2403
01:09:33,770 --> 01:09:34,304
MORE DEBATE.
2404
01:09:34,304 --> 01:09:35,839
BUT INSTEAD, IT SEEMS LIKE WHAT
2405
01:09:35,839 --> 01:09:36,973
CONGRESS IS FOCUSED ON IS
2406
01:09:36,973 --> 01:09:38,007
SHUTTING THINGS DOWN.
2407
01:09:38,007 --> 01:09:40,043
AARON THOUGHT HE COULD CHANGE
2408
01:09:40,043 --> 01:09:42,111
THE WORLD JUST BY EXPLAINING THE
2409
01:09:42,111 --> 01:09:44,113
WORLD VERY CLEARLY TO PEOPLE.
2410
01:09:44,113 --> 01:09:45,782
FLAME CAN LITERALLY CONTROL
2411
01:09:45,782 --> 01:09:47,351
YOUR COMPUTER AND MAKE IT SPY ON
2412
01:09:47,351 --> 01:09:47,884
YOU.
2413
01:09:47,884 --> 01:09:48,818
WELCOME, AARON.
2414
01:09:48,818 --> 01:09:50,220
GOOD TO HAVE YOU BACK ON THE
2415
01:09:50,220 --> 01:09:50,954
SHOW HERE.
2416
01:09:50,954 --> 01:09:52,389
YOU KNOW, JUST LIKE SPIES
2417
01:09:52,389 --> 01:09:53,923
USED TO IN OLDEN DAYS WITH
2418
01:09:53,923 --> 01:09:55,659
MICROPHONES AND TAP WHAT PEOPLE
2419
01:09:55,659 --> 01:09:57,126
WERE SAYING, NOW THEY'RE USING
2420
01:09:57,126 --> 01:09:58,895
COMPUTERS TO DO THE SAME THINGS.
2421
01:09:58,895 --> 01:10:00,397
SWARTZ'S POLITICAL ACTIVITY
2422
01:10:00,397 --> 01:10:02,165
CONTINUES, HIS ATTENTION TURNING
2423
01:10:02,165 --> 01:10:03,667
TO A BILL MOVING THROUGH
2424
01:10:03,667 --> 01:10:05,201
CONGRESS DESIGNED TO CURB ONLINE
2425
01:10:05,201 --> 01:10:06,270
PIRACY.
2426
01:10:06,270 --> 01:10:08,405
IT WAS CALLED SOPA.
2427
01:10:08,405 --> 01:10:09,639
ACTIVISTS LIKE
2428
01:10:09,639 --> 01:10:11,107
PETER ECKERSLEY SAW IT AS AN
2429
01:10:11,107 --> 01:10:12,842
ENORMOUS OVERREACH THREATENING
2430
01:10:12,842 --> 01:10:14,378
THE TECHNICAL INTEGRITY OF THE
2431
01:10:14,378 --> 01:10:15,379
INTERNET ITSELF.
2432
01:10:15,379 --> 01:10:17,080
AND ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS I
2433
01:10:17,080 --> 01:10:18,682
DID WAS TO CALL AARON, AND I
2434
01:10:18,682 --> 01:10:20,083
SAID, "CAN WE DO A BIG ONLINE
2435
01:10:20,083 --> 01:10:21,785
CAMPAIGN AGAINST THIS?"
2436
01:10:21,785 --> 01:10:23,687
"THIS ISN'T A BILL ABOUT
2437
01:10:23,687 --> 01:10:24,654
COPYRIGHT."
2438
01:10:24,654 --> 01:10:25,322
IT'S NOT?
2439
01:10:25,322 --> 01:10:26,656
"NO," HE SAID.
2440
01:10:26,656 --> 01:10:28,792
"IT'S A BILL ABOUT THE FREEDOM
2441
01:10:28,792 --> 01:10:29,826
TO CONNECT."
2442
01:10:29,826 --> 01:10:31,928
NOW I WAS LISTENING.
2443
01:10:31,928 --> 01:10:33,697
AND HE THOUGHT ABOUT IT FOR A
2444
01:10:33,697 --> 01:10:35,198
WHILE AND THEN SAID YES, AND HE
2445
01:10:35,198 --> 01:10:36,165
WENT AND FOUNDED
2446
01:10:36,165 --> 01:10:37,133
DEMAND PROGRESS.
2447
01:10:37,133 --> 01:10:38,835
DEMAND PROGRESS IS AN ONLINE
2448
01:10:38,835 --> 01:10:40,404
ACTIVISM ORGANIZATION.
2449
01:10:40,404 --> 01:10:42,439
WE GOT AROUND A MILLION AND A
2450
01:10:42,439 --> 01:10:43,873
HALF MEMBERS NOW.
2451
01:10:43,873 --> 01:10:47,076
IT STARTED IN THE FALL OF 2010.
2452
01:10:47,076 --> 01:10:48,312
AARON WAS ONE OF THE MOST
2453
01:10:48,312 --> 01:10:49,679
PROMINENT PEOPLE IN THE
2454
01:10:49,679 --> 01:10:51,114
COMMUNITY OF PEOPLE WHO HELPED
2455
01:10:51,114 --> 01:10:52,248
LEAD ORGANIZING AROUND
2456
01:10:52,248 --> 01:10:53,817
SOCIAL-JUSTICE ISSUES AT THE
2457
01:10:53,817 --> 01:10:55,218
FEDERAL LEVEL IN THIS COUNTRY.
2458
01:10:55,218 --> 01:10:57,153
SOPA WAS THE BILL THAT WAS
2459
01:10:57,153 --> 01:10:58,955
INTENDED TO CURTAIL ONLINE
2460
01:10:58,955 --> 01:11:01,090
PIRACY OF MUSIC AND MOVIES, BUT
2461
01:11:01,090 --> 01:11:03,159
WHAT IT DID WAS BASICALLY TAKE A
2462
01:11:03,159 --> 01:11:05,161
SLEDGEHAMMER TO A PROBLEM THAT
2463
01:11:05,161 --> 01:11:06,930
NEEDED A SCALPEL.
2464
01:11:06,930 --> 01:11:08,465
IF PASSED, THE LAW WOULD
2465
01:11:08,465 --> 01:11:10,199
ALLOW A COMPANY TO CUT OFF
2466
01:11:10,199 --> 01:11:11,968
FINANCES TO ENTIRE WEBSITES
2467
01:11:11,968 --> 01:11:13,870
WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OR EVEN TO
2468
01:11:13,870 --> 01:11:15,739
FORCE GOOGLE TO EXCLUDE THEIR
2469
01:11:15,739 --> 01:11:16,205
LINKS.
2470
01:11:16,205 --> 01:11:18,041
ALL THEY NEEDED WAS A SINGLE
2471
01:11:18,041 --> 01:11:20,344
CLAIM OF COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT.
2472
01:11:20,344 --> 01:11:21,778
IT PITTED THE TITANS OF
2473
01:11:21,778 --> 01:11:23,279
TRADITIONAL MEDIA AGAINST A NEW
2474
01:11:23,279 --> 01:11:24,981
AND NOW FAR MORE SOPHISTICATED
2475
01:11:24,981 --> 01:11:26,383
REMIX CULTURE.
2476
01:11:26,383 --> 01:11:27,984
IT MAKES EVERYONE WHO RUNS A
2477
01:11:27,984 --> 01:11:29,453
WEBSITE INTO A POLICEMAN, AND IF
2478
01:11:29,453 --> 01:11:30,887
THEY DON'T DO THEIR JOB OF
2479
01:11:30,887 --> 01:11:32,356
MAKING SURE NOBODY ON THEIR SITE
2480
01:11:32,356 --> 01:11:33,990
USES IT FOR ANYTHING THAT'S EVEN
2481
01:11:33,990 --> 01:11:35,459
POTENTIALLY ILLEGAL, THE ENTIRE
2482
01:11:35,459 --> 01:11:37,026
SITE CAN GET SHUT DOWN WITHOUT
2483
01:11:37,026 --> 01:11:38,227
EVEN SO MUCH AS A TRIAL.
2484
01:11:38,227 --> 01:11:39,429
THIS WAS OVER THE TOP.
2485
01:11:39,429 --> 01:11:43,467
I MEAN, THIS WAS A CATASTROPHE.
2486
01:11:43,467 --> 01:11:45,902
THIS BILL POSES A SERIOUS
2487
01:11:45,902 --> 01:11:48,004
THREAT TO SPEECH AND CIVIL
2488
01:11:48,004 --> 01:11:50,239
LIBERTIES FOR ALL WHO USE THE
2489
01:11:50,239 --> 01:11:51,174
INTERNET.
2490
01:11:51,174 --> 01:11:53,076
ONLY A HANDFUL OF US WHO SAID,
2491
01:11:53,076 --> 01:11:54,878
"LOOK, WE'RE NOT FOR PIRACY,
2492
01:11:54,878 --> 01:11:56,880
EITHER, BUT IT MAKES NO SENSE TO
2493
01:11:56,880 --> 01:11:58,815
DESTROY THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE
2494
01:11:58,815 --> 01:12:00,384
INTERNET, THE DOMAIN-NAME
2495
01:12:00,384 --> 01:12:02,285
SYSTEM, AND SO MUCH THAT MAKES
2496
01:12:02,285 --> 01:12:04,220
IT FREE AND OPEN IN THE NAME OF
2497
01:12:04,220 --> 01:12:06,022
FIGHTING PIRACY.
2498
01:12:06,022 --> 01:12:07,323
AND AARON GOT THAT RIGHT AWAY.
2499
01:12:07,323 --> 01:12:08,558
THE FREEDOMS GUARANTEED IN
2500
01:12:08,558 --> 01:12:10,059
OUR CONSTITUTION, THE FREEDOMS
2501
01:12:10,059 --> 01:12:11,327
OUR COUNTRY HAD BEEN BUILT ON
2502
01:12:11,327 --> 01:12:13,997
WOULD BE SUDDENLY DELETED.
2503
01:12:13,997 --> 01:12:15,164
NEW TECHNOLOGY INSTEAD OF
2504
01:12:15,164 --> 01:12:16,366
BRINGING US GREATER FREEDOM
2505
01:12:16,366 --> 01:12:17,434
WOULD HAVE SNUFFED OUT
2506
01:12:17,434 --> 01:12:18,968
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS WE'D ALWAYS
2507
01:12:18,968 --> 01:12:20,470
TAKEN FOR GRANTED.
2508
01:12:20,470 --> 01:12:23,239
AND I REALIZED THAT DAY TALKING
2509
01:12:23,239 --> 01:12:25,875
TO PETER THAT I COULDN'T LET
2510
01:12:25,875 --> 01:12:28,111
THAT HAPPEN.
2511
01:12:28,111 --> 01:12:30,013
WHEN SOPA WAS INTRODUCED IN
2512
01:12:30,013 --> 01:12:31,948
OCTOBER 2011, IT WAS CONSIDERED
2513
01:12:31,948 --> 01:12:32,816
INEVITABLE.
2514
01:12:32,816 --> 01:12:34,551
OUR STRATEGY WHEN IT FIRST CAME
2515
01:12:34,551 --> 01:12:36,420
OUT WAS TO HOPEFULLY SLOW THE
2516
01:12:36,420 --> 01:12:38,788
BILL DOWN, MAYBE WEAKEN IT A
2517
01:12:38,788 --> 01:12:39,823
LITTLE BIT.
2518
01:12:39,823 --> 01:12:42,826
BUT EVEN WE DIDN'T THINK THAT WE
2519
01:12:42,826 --> 01:12:45,328
WOULD BE ABLE TO STOP THIS BILL.
2520
01:12:45,328 --> 01:12:47,897
HAVING WORKED IN WASHINGTON,
2521
01:12:47,897 --> 01:12:50,299
WHAT YOU LEARN IS THAT TYPICALLY
2522
01:12:50,299 --> 01:12:52,602
IN WASHINGTON, THE LEGISLATIVE
2523
01:12:52,602 --> 01:12:54,838
FIGHTS ARE FIGHTS BETWEEN
2524
01:12:54,838 --> 01:12:56,172
DIFFERENT SETS OF CORPORATE
2525
01:12:56,172 --> 01:12:57,140
MONEY INTERESTS.
2526
01:12:57,140 --> 01:12:58,508
THEY'RE ALL DUKING IT OUT TO
2527
01:12:58,508 --> 01:12:59,509
PASS LEGISLATION.
2528
01:12:59,509 --> 01:13:01,144
AND THE FIGHTS THAT ARE THE
2529
01:13:01,144 --> 01:13:02,579
CLOSEST ARE WHEN YOU HAVE ONE
2530
01:13:02,579 --> 01:13:04,113
SET OF CORPORATE INTERESTS
2531
01:13:04,113 --> 01:13:05,649
AGAINST ANOTHER SET OF CORPORATE
2532
01:13:05,649 --> 01:13:06,983
INTERESTS AND THEY'RE
2533
01:13:06,983 --> 01:13:08,384
FINANCIALLY EQUALLY MATCHED IN
2534
01:13:08,384 --> 01:13:10,086
TERMS OF CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS
2535
01:13:10,086 --> 01:13:10,954
AND LOBBYING.
2536
01:13:10,954 --> 01:13:12,456
THOSE ARE THE CLOSEST ONES.
2537
01:13:12,456 --> 01:13:14,390
THE ONES THAT AREN'T EVEN FIGHTS
2538
01:13:14,390 --> 01:13:16,325
TYPICALLY ARE ONES WHERE ALL THE
2539
01:13:16,325 --> 01:13:18,094
MONEY IS ON ONE SIDE, ALL THE
2540
01:13:18,094 --> 01:13:19,896
CORPORATIONS ARE ON ONE SIDE,
2541
01:13:19,896 --> 01:13:21,598
AND IT'S JUST MILLIONS OF PEOPLE
2542
01:13:21,598 --> 01:13:24,333
ON THE OTHER SIDE.
2543
01:13:24,333 --> 01:13:26,636
HAVEN'T SEEN ANYTHING LIKE
2544
01:13:26,636 --> 01:13:29,238
PIPA AND SOPA IN ALL MY TIME IN
2545
01:13:29,238 --> 01:13:30,507
PUBLIC SERVICE.
2546
01:13:30,507 --> 01:13:32,476
THERE WERE MORE THAN 40
2547
01:13:32,476 --> 01:13:35,111
UNITED STATES SENATORS ON THAT
2548
01:13:35,111 --> 01:13:37,447
BILL AS CO-SPONSORS, SO THEY
2549
01:13:37,447 --> 01:13:39,583
WERE ALREADY A LONG, LONG WAY TO
2550
01:13:39,583 --> 01:13:41,885
GETTING THE 60 VOTES TO HAVE IT
2551
01:13:41,885 --> 01:13:43,987
CLEAR ALL THE PROCEDURAL HOOPS.
2552
01:13:43,987 --> 01:13:46,022
EVEN I BEGAN TO DOUBT MYSELF.
2553
01:13:46,022 --> 01:13:47,390
IT WAS A ROUGH PERIOD.
2554
01:13:47,390 --> 01:13:49,325
SWARTZ AND DEMAND PROGRESS
2555
01:13:49,325 --> 01:13:51,194
WERE ABLE TO MARSHAL ENORMOUS
2556
01:13:51,194 --> 01:13:52,929
SUPPORT USING TRADITIONAL
2557
01:13:52,929 --> 01:13:54,898
OUTREACH COMBINED WITH COMMONLY
2558
01:13:54,898 --> 01:13:56,633
USED VOICEOVER I.P. TO MAKE IT
2559
01:13:56,633 --> 01:13:58,468
VERY EASY FOR PEOPLE TO CALL
2560
01:13:58,468 --> 01:13:59,302
CONGRESS.
2561
01:13:59,302 --> 01:14:01,404
I HAVE NEVER MET ANYBODY ELSE
2562
01:14:01,404 --> 01:14:03,339
WHO WAS ABLE TO OPERATE AT HIS
2563
01:14:03,339 --> 01:14:05,274
LEVEL BOTH ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL
2564
01:14:05,274 --> 01:14:06,342
SIDE AND ON THE
2565
01:14:06,342 --> 01:14:07,911
CAMPAIGN-STRATEGY SIDE.
2566
01:14:07,911 --> 01:14:09,913
MILLIONS OF PEOPLE CONTACTED
2567
01:14:09,913 --> 01:14:11,581
CONGRESS AND SIGNED ANTI-SOPA
2568
01:14:11,581 --> 01:14:12,448
PETITIONS.
2569
01:14:12,448 --> 01:14:15,118
CONGRESS WAS CAUGHT OFF GUARD.
2570
01:14:15,118 --> 01:14:16,319
THERE WAS JUST SOMETHING
2571
01:14:16,319 --> 01:14:17,587
ABOUT WATCHING THOSE CLUELESS
2572
01:14:17,587 --> 01:14:19,122
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS DEBATE THE
2573
01:14:19,122 --> 01:14:20,456
BILL, WATCHING THEM INSIST THEY
2574
01:14:20,456 --> 01:14:22,025
COULD REGULATE THE INTERNET AND
2575
01:14:22,025 --> 01:14:23,159
A BUNCH OF NERDS COULDN'T
2576
01:14:23,159 --> 01:14:24,494
POSSIBLY STOP THEM.
2577
01:14:24,928 --> 01:14:25,629
I AM NOT A NERD.
2578
01:14:25,629 --> 01:14:26,963
I'M JUST NOT ENOUGH OF A
2579
01:14:26,963 --> 01:14:27,263
NERD.
2580
01:14:27,263 --> 01:14:28,464
MAYBE WE OUGHT TO ASK SOME
2581
01:14:28,464 --> 01:14:29,633
NERDS WHAT THIS THING REALLY
2582
01:14:29,633 --> 01:14:30,133
DOES.
2583
01:14:30,133 --> 01:14:30,634
[ LAUGHTER ]
2584
01:14:30,634 --> 01:14:32,068
LET'S HAVE A HEARING, BRING IN
2585
01:14:32,068 --> 01:14:33,570
THE NERDS.
2586
01:14:33,570 --> 01:14:35,304
[ LAUGHTER ]
2587
01:14:35,304 --> 01:14:39,342
REALLY?
2588
01:14:39,342 --> 01:14:41,344
NERDS?
2589
01:14:41,344 --> 01:14:42,679
YOU KNOW, I THINK ACTUALLY THE
2590
01:14:42,679 --> 01:14:44,113
WORD YOU'RE LOOKING FOR IS
2591
01:14:44,113 --> 01:14:45,181
"EXPERTS"...
2592
01:14:45,181 --> 01:14:46,249
[ LAUGHTER ]
2593
01:14:46,249 --> 01:14:49,218
...TO ENLIGHTEN YOU SO YOUR LAWS
2594
01:14:49,218 --> 01:14:51,621
DON'T BACKFIRE AND BREAK THE
2595
01:14:51,621 --> 01:14:52,689
INTERNET.
2596
01:14:52,689 --> 01:14:54,323
WE USE THE TERM "GEEK," BUT
2597
01:14:54,323 --> 01:14:55,525
WE'RE ALLOWED TO USE THAT
2598
01:14:55,525 --> 01:14:56,593
BECAUSE WE ARE GEEKS.
2599
01:14:56,593 --> 01:14:58,194
THE FACT THAT IT GOT AS FAR AS
2600
01:14:58,194 --> 01:14:59,963
IT DID WITHOUT THEM TALKING TO
2601
01:14:59,963 --> 01:15:01,565
ANY TECHNICAL EXPERTS REFLECTS
2602
01:15:01,565 --> 01:15:03,099
THE FACT THAT THERE IS A
2603
01:15:03,099 --> 01:15:04,300
PROBLEM IN THIS TOWN.
2604
01:15:04,300 --> 01:15:06,069
I'M LOOKING FOR SOMEBODY TO
2605
01:15:06,069 --> 01:15:08,137
COME BEFORE THIS BODY AND
2606
01:15:08,137 --> 01:15:10,540
TESTIFY IN A HEARING AND SAY,
2607
01:15:10,540 --> 01:15:11,975
"THIS IS WHY THEY'RE WRONG."
2608
01:15:11,975 --> 01:15:13,176
THERE USED TO BE AN OFFICE
2609
01:15:13,176 --> 01:15:14,310
THAT PROVIDED SCIENCE AND
2610
01:15:14,310 --> 01:15:16,145
TECHNOLOGY ADVICE, AND MEMBERS
2611
01:15:16,145 --> 01:15:18,014
COULD GO TO THEM AND SAY, "HELP
2612
01:15:18,014 --> 01:15:19,182
ME UNDERSTAND XYZ."
2613
01:15:19,182 --> 01:15:20,349
AND GINGRICH KILLED IT.
2614
01:15:20,349 --> 01:15:21,985
HE SAID IT WAS A WASTE OF MONEY.
2615
01:15:21,985 --> 01:15:23,352
EVER SINCE THEN, CONGRESS HAS
2616
01:15:23,352 --> 01:15:25,054
PLUNGED INTO THE DARK AGES.
2617
01:15:25,054 --> 01:15:26,723
I DON'T THINK ANYBODY REALLY
2618
01:15:26,723 --> 01:15:28,424
THOUGHT THAT SOPA COULD BE
2619
01:15:28,424 --> 01:15:29,993
BEATEN, INCLUDING AARON.
2620
01:15:29,993 --> 01:15:32,095
IT WAS WORTH TRYING, BUT IT
2621
01:15:32,095 --> 01:15:33,697
DIDN'T SEEM WINNABLE.
2622
01:15:33,697 --> 01:15:35,131
AND I REMEMBER MAYBE A FEW
2623
01:15:35,131 --> 01:15:36,432
MONTHS LATER, I REMEMBER HIM
2624
01:15:36,432 --> 01:15:37,767
JUST TURNING TO ME AND BEING
2625
01:15:37,767 --> 01:15:39,235
LIKE, "I THINK WE MIGHT WIN
2626
01:15:39,235 --> 01:15:39,603
THIS."
2627
01:15:39,603 --> 01:15:41,170
AND I WAS LIKE, "THAT WOULD BE
2628
01:15:41,170 --> 01:15:41,638
AMAZING."
2629
01:15:41,638 --> 01:15:43,573
[ CHUCKLES ]
2630
01:15:43,573 --> 01:15:46,209
CALLS TO CONGRESS CONTINUE.
2631
01:15:46,209 --> 01:15:47,977
WHEN THE DOMAIN HOSTING SITE
2632
01:15:47,977 --> 01:15:49,646
GoDaddy BECOMES A SUPPORTER OF
2633
01:15:49,646 --> 01:15:51,547
THE BILL, TENS OF THOUSANDS OF
2634
01:15:51,547 --> 01:15:53,416
USERS TRANSFERRED THEIR DOMAIN
2635
01:15:53,416 --> 01:15:54,550
NAMES IN PROTEST.
2636
01:15:54,550 --> 01:15:57,053
WITHIN A WEEK, A HUMBLED GoDaddy
2637
01:15:57,053 --> 01:15:59,355
REVERSES THEIR POSITION ON SOPA.
2638
01:15:59,355 --> 01:16:02,558
WHEN THE CONGRESS PEOPLE THAT
2639
01:16:02,558 --> 01:16:04,193
SUPPORTED THE RECORD AND MOVIE
2640
01:16:04,193 --> 01:16:05,595
INDUSTRIES REALIZE THAT THERE
2641
01:16:05,595 --> 01:16:07,263
WAS THIS BACKLASH, THEY KIND OF
2642
01:16:07,263 --> 01:16:08,564
SCALED THE BILL BACK A LITTLE
2643
01:16:08,564 --> 01:16:09,098
BIT.
2644
01:16:09,098 --> 01:16:10,366
YOU COULD SEE THE CURVE
2645
01:16:10,366 --> 01:16:11,100
HAPPENING.
2646
01:16:11,100 --> 01:16:12,501
YOU COULD SEE THAT WE WERE --
2647
01:16:12,501 --> 01:16:14,070
THAT OUR ARGUMENTS WERE STARTING
2648
01:16:14,070 --> 01:16:14,604
TO RESONATE.
2649
01:16:14,604 --> 01:16:16,072
IT WAS LIKE AARON HAD BEEN
2650
01:16:16,072 --> 01:16:17,273
STRIKING A MATCH AND IT WAS
2651
01:16:17,273 --> 01:16:18,141
BEING BLOWN OUT.
2652
01:16:18,141 --> 01:16:19,508
STRIKE ANOTHER ONE, IT WAS BEING
2653
01:16:19,508 --> 01:16:20,176
BLOWN OUT.
2654
01:16:20,176 --> 01:16:21,444
AND FINALLY, HE, LIKE, MANAGED
2655
01:16:21,444 --> 01:16:22,712
TO CATCH ENOUGH KINDLING THAT
2656
01:16:22,712 --> 01:16:24,180
THE FLAME ACTUALLY CAUGHT AND
2657
01:16:24,180 --> 01:16:25,448
THEN TURNED INTO THIS ROARING
2658
01:16:25,448 --> 01:16:26,482
BLAZE.
2659
01:16:26,482 --> 01:16:29,753
ON JANUARY 16, 2012, THE
2660
01:16:29,753 --> 01:16:31,454
WHITE HOUSE ISSUED A STATEMENT
2661
01:16:31,454 --> 01:16:33,122
SAYING THEY DIDN'T SUPPORT THE
2662
01:16:33,122 --> 01:16:33,489
BILL.
2663
01:16:33,489 --> 01:16:35,659
AND THEN THIS HAPPENED.
2664
01:16:35,659 --> 01:16:37,226
I'M A BIG BELIEVER THAT WE
2665
01:16:37,226 --> 01:16:38,695
SHOULD BE DEALING WITH ISSUES OF
2666
01:16:38,695 --> 01:16:40,296
PIRACY AND WE SHOULD DEAL WITH
2667
01:16:40,296 --> 01:16:41,430
THEM IN A SERIOUS WAY.
2668
01:16:41,430 --> 01:16:42,165
MM-HMM.
2669
01:16:42,165 --> 01:16:43,466
BUT THIS BILL IS NOT THE
2670
01:16:43,466 --> 01:16:44,200
RIGHT BILL.
2671
01:16:44,200 --> 01:16:45,835
WHEN JIMMY WALES PUT HIS
2672
01:16:45,835 --> 01:16:47,737
SUPPORT TOWARDS BLACKING OUT
2673
01:16:47,737 --> 01:16:50,239
WIKIPEDIA, THE NUMBER-FIVE MOST
2674
01:16:50,239 --> 01:16:52,475
POPULAR WEBSITE IN THE WORLD --
2675
01:16:52,475 --> 01:16:54,543
THIS IS A WEBSITE THAT'S SEVERAL
2676
01:16:54,543 --> 01:16:56,545
PERCENT OF ALL OF THE CLICKS ON
2677
01:16:56,545 --> 01:16:58,281
ANYWHERE ON THE INTERNET.
2678
01:16:58,281 --> 01:16:59,783
WIKIPEDIA WENT BLACK.
2679
01:16:59,783 --> 01:17:01,317
REDDIT WENT BLACK.
2680
01:17:01,317 --> 01:17:02,719
CRAIGSLIST WENT BLACK.
2681
01:17:02,719 --> 01:17:04,420
THE PHONE LINES ON CAPITOL HILL
2682
01:17:04,420 --> 01:17:05,354
FLAT-OUT MELTED.
2683
01:17:05,354 --> 01:17:06,690
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS STARTED
2684
01:17:06,690 --> 01:17:08,224
RUSHING TO ISSUE STATEMENTS
2685
01:17:08,224 --> 01:17:09,759
RETRACTING THEIR SUPPORT FOR THE
2686
01:17:09,759 --> 01:17:11,360
BILL THAT THEY WERE PROMOTING
2687
01:17:11,360 --> 01:17:12,696
JUST A COUPLE DAYS AGO.
2688
01:17:13,129 --> 01:17:15,264
WITHIN 24 HOURS, THE NUMBER
2689
01:17:15,264 --> 01:17:17,533
OF OPPONENTS OF SOPA IN CONGRESS
2690
01:17:17,533 --> 01:17:19,368
WENT FROM THIS...
2691
01:17:19,368 --> 01:17:22,338
TO THIS.
2692
01:17:22,338 --> 01:17:24,841
TO SEE CONGRESSMEN AND
2693
01:17:24,841 --> 01:17:26,575
SENATORS SLOWLY FLIP SIDES
2694
01:17:26,575 --> 01:17:28,277
THROUGHOUT THE DAY OF THE
2695
01:17:28,277 --> 01:17:29,512
BLACKOUT WAS PRETTY
2696
01:17:29,512 --> 01:17:30,446
UNBELIEVABLE.
2697
01:17:30,446 --> 01:17:31,547
THERE WAS LIKE A
2698
01:17:31,547 --> 01:17:33,717
100-REPRESENTATIVE SWING.
2699
01:17:33,717 --> 01:17:35,618
AND THAT WAS WHEN, AS HARD AS
2700
01:17:35,618 --> 01:17:37,453
IT WAS FOR ME TO BELIEVE AFTER
2701
01:17:37,453 --> 01:17:40,189
ALL THIS, WE HAD WON.
2702
01:17:40,189 --> 01:17:41,490
THE THING THAT EVERYONE SAID WAS
2703
01:17:41,490 --> 01:17:42,658
IMPOSSIBLE, THAT SOME OF THE
2704
01:17:42,658 --> 01:17:43,893
BIGGEST COMPANIES IN THE WORLD
2705
01:17:43,893 --> 01:17:45,261
HAD WRITTEN OFF AS KIND OF A
2706
01:17:45,261 --> 01:17:48,331
PIPE DREAM HAD HAPPENED.
2707
01:17:48,331 --> 01:17:50,566
WE DID IT.
2708
01:17:50,566 --> 01:17:54,403
WE WON.
2709
01:17:54,403 --> 01:17:55,839
THIS IS A HISTORIC WEEK IN
2710
01:17:55,839 --> 01:17:57,306
INTERNET POLITICS, MAYBE
2711
01:17:57,306 --> 01:17:58,842
AMERICAN POLITICS.
2712
01:17:58,842 --> 01:18:00,509
THE THING THAT WE HAD FROM
2713
01:18:00,509 --> 01:18:02,345
PEOPLE IN WASHINGTON, D.C., FROM
2714
01:18:02,345 --> 01:18:04,213
THE STAFFERS ON CAPITOL HILL WAS
2715
01:18:04,213 --> 01:18:05,681
THEY RECEIVED MORE E-MAILS AND
2716
01:18:05,681 --> 01:18:06,950
MORE PHONE CALLS ON SOPA
2717
01:18:06,950 --> 01:18:08,551
BLACKOUT DAY THAN THEY'D EVER
2718
01:18:08,551 --> 01:18:09,853
RECEIVED ABOUT ANYTHING.
2719
01:18:09,853 --> 01:18:11,520
I THINK THAT WAS AN EXTREMELY
2720
01:18:11,520 --> 01:18:12,488
EXCITING MOMENT.
2721
01:18:12,488 --> 01:18:14,690
THIS WAS THE MOMENT WHEN THE
2722
01:18:14,690 --> 01:18:16,459
INTERNET HAD GROWN UP
2723
01:18:16,459 --> 01:18:17,560
POLITICALLY.
2724
01:18:17,560 --> 01:18:18,895
IT WAS EXHILARATING BECAUSE
2725
01:18:18,895 --> 01:18:20,496
IT'S HARD TO BELIEVE IT ACTUALLY
2726
01:18:20,496 --> 01:18:21,164
HAPPENED.
2727
01:18:21,164 --> 01:18:23,266
IT'S HARD TO BELIEVE A BILL WITH
2728
01:18:23,266 --> 01:18:25,268
SO MUCH FINANCIAL POWER BEHIND
2729
01:18:25,268 --> 01:18:27,203
IT DIDN'T SIMPLY SAIL THROUGH
2730
01:18:27,203 --> 01:18:28,237
THE CONGRESS.
2731
01:18:28,237 --> 01:18:29,939
AND NOT ONLY DID IT NOT SAIL
2732
01:18:29,939 --> 01:18:33,409
THROUGH, IT DIDN'T PASS AT ALL.
2733
01:18:33,409 --> 01:18:34,778
IT'S EASY SOMETIMES TO FEEL
2734
01:18:34,778 --> 01:18:35,879
LIKE YOU'RE POWERLESS.
2735
01:18:35,879 --> 01:18:37,446
LIKE, WHEN YOU COME OUT ON THE
2736
01:18:37,446 --> 01:18:38,748
STREETS AND YOU MARCH AND YOU
2737
01:18:38,748 --> 01:18:40,149
YELL AND NOBODY HEARS YOU.
2738
01:18:40,149 --> 01:18:41,550
BUT I'M HERE TO TELL YOU TODAY,
2739
01:18:41,550 --> 01:18:42,485
YOU ARE POWERFUL.
2740
01:18:42,485 --> 01:18:45,488
[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]
2741
01:18:45,488 --> 01:18:46,689
SAY, MAYBE SOMETIMES YOU FEEL
2742
01:18:46,689 --> 01:18:48,191
LIKE YOU'RE NOT BEING LISTENED
2743
01:18:48,191 --> 01:18:49,358
TO, BUT I'M HERE TO TELL YOU
2744
01:18:49,358 --> 01:18:49,893
THAT YOU ARE.
2745
01:18:49,893 --> 01:18:51,627
YOU A BEING LISTENED TO.
2746
01:18:51,627 --> 01:18:53,462
YOU A MAKING A DIFFERENCE.
2747
01:18:53,462 --> 01:18:55,331
YOU CAN STOP THIS BILL IF YOU
2748
01:18:55,331 --> 01:18:56,632
DON'T STOP FIGHTING.
2749
01:18:56,632 --> 01:18:59,435
[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]
2750
01:18:59,435 --> 01:19:02,038
STOP PIPA! STOP SOPA!
2751
01:19:02,038 --> 01:19:03,406
[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]
2752
01:19:03,406 --> 01:19:04,740
SOME OF THE BIGGEST INTERNET
2753
01:19:04,740 --> 01:19:06,309
COMPANIES, TO PUT IT FRANKLY,
2754
01:19:06,309 --> 01:19:07,911
WOULD BENEFIT FROM A WORLD IN
2755
01:19:07,911 --> 01:19:09,712
WHICH THEIR LITTLE COMPETITORS
2756
01:19:09,712 --> 01:19:11,714
COULD GET CENSORED.
2757
01:19:11,714 --> 01:19:14,483
WE CAN'T LET THAT HAPPEN.
2758
01:19:14,483 --> 01:19:15,919
FOR HIM, IT WAS MORE
2759
01:19:15,919 --> 01:19:17,854
IMPORTANT TO BE SURE THAT YOU
2760
01:19:17,854 --> 01:19:20,356
MADE A SMALL CHANGE THAN TO PLAY
2761
01:19:20,356 --> 01:19:22,558
A SMALL PART IN A BIG CHANGE.
2762
01:19:22,558 --> 01:19:24,293
BUT SOPA WAS LIKE PLAYING A
2763
01:19:24,293 --> 01:19:25,895
MAJOR PART IN A MAJOR CHANGE.
2764
01:19:25,895 --> 01:19:26,796
[ CHUCKLES ]
2765
01:19:26,796 --> 01:19:28,664
AND SO, FOR HIM, IT WAS KIND OF
2766
01:19:28,664 --> 01:19:29,933
HIS PROOF OF CONCEPT.
2767
01:19:29,933 --> 01:19:31,734
LIKE, "OKAY, YOU KNOW, WHAT I
2768
01:19:31,734 --> 01:19:33,436
WANT TO DO WITH MY LIFE IS
2769
01:19:33,436 --> 01:19:34,537
CHANGE THE WORLD.
2770
01:19:34,537 --> 01:19:36,405
I THINK ABOUT IT IN THIS REALLY
2771
01:19:36,405 --> 01:19:37,974
SCIENTIFIC WAY OF, LIKE, I'M
2772
01:19:37,974 --> 01:19:39,742
MEASURING MY IMPACT, AND THIS
2773
01:19:39,742 --> 01:19:41,610
SHOWS THAT IT'S POSSIBLE, RIGHT,
2774
01:19:41,610 --> 01:19:43,512
THAT THE THING THAT I WANT TO DO
2775
01:19:43,512 --> 01:19:45,581
WITH MY LIFE IS POSSIBLE.
2776
01:19:45,581 --> 01:19:47,516
I HAVE PROVED THAT I CAN DO IT,
2777
01:19:47,516 --> 01:19:49,485
THAT I, AARON SWARTZ, CAN CHANGE
2778
01:19:49,485 --> 01:19:50,386
THE WORLD."
2779
01:19:50,386 --> 01:19:54,423
FOR A GUY WHO NEVER REALLY
2780
01:19:54,423 --> 01:19:56,592
THOUGHT HE HAD DONE MUCH, WHICH
2781
01:19:56,592 --> 01:20:00,263
WAS AARON, IT WAS ONE OF THE FEW
2782
01:20:00,263 --> 01:20:01,464
MOMENTS WHERE YOU COULD REALLY
2783
01:20:01,464 --> 01:20:05,434
SEE THAT HE FELT LIKE HE HAD
2784
01:20:05,434 --> 01:20:07,536
DONE SOMETHING GOOD, FEELING,
2785
01:20:07,536 --> 01:20:09,738
LIKE, HERE IS HIS MAYBE ONE AND
2786
01:20:09,738 --> 01:20:12,876
ONLY VICTORY LAP.
2787
01:20:12,876 --> 01:20:14,677
EVERYONE SAID THERE WAS NO
2788
01:20:14,677 --> 01:20:16,045
WAY WE COULD STOP SOPA.
2789
01:20:16,045 --> 01:20:17,013
WE STOPPED IT.
2790
01:20:17,013 --> 01:20:18,915
THIS IS THREE OUTRAGEOUSLY GOOD
2791
01:20:18,915 --> 01:20:20,716
VICTORIES, AND THE YEAR ISN'T
2792
01:20:20,716 --> 01:20:21,684
EVEN OVER YET.
2793
01:20:21,684 --> 01:20:23,552
I MEAN, IF THERE'S A TIME TO BE
2794
01:20:23,552 --> 01:20:26,355
POSITIVE, IT'S NOW.
2795
01:20:26,355 --> 01:20:27,957
YOU KNOW, HE WINS AT SOPA A
2796
01:20:27,957 --> 01:20:29,525
YEAR AFTER HE'S ARRESTED.
2797
01:20:29,525 --> 01:20:31,027
IT'S NOT AN AMBIGUOUSLY HAPPY
2798
01:20:31,027 --> 01:20:31,694
MOMENT.
2799
01:20:31,694 --> 01:20:32,996
THERE'S A LOT GOING ON.
2800
01:20:32,996 --> 01:20:36,365
HE'S SO ATTUNED TOWARDS
2801
01:20:36,365 --> 01:20:37,934
PARTICIPATING IN THE POLITICAL
2802
01:20:37,934 --> 01:20:39,635
PROCESS, YOU CAN'T STOP HIM.
2803
01:20:39,635 --> 01:20:41,337
THE LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS
2804
01:20:41,337 --> 01:20:42,972
SWARTZ FOUNDED OR CO-FOUNDED IS
2805
01:20:42,972 --> 01:20:43,706
ENORMOUS.
2806
01:20:43,706 --> 01:20:45,541
AND YEARS BEFORE EDWARD SNOWDEN
2807
01:20:45,541 --> 01:20:46,709
WOULD EXPOSE WIDESPREAD INTERNET
2808
01:20:46,709 --> 01:20:48,177
SURVEILLANCE, SWARTZ WAS ALREADY
2809
01:20:48,177 --> 01:20:48,444
CONCERNED.
2810
01:20:48,444 --> 01:20:51,847
IT IS SHOCKING TO THINK THAT
2811
01:20:51,847 --> 01:20:53,649
THE ACCOUNTABILITY IS SO LAX
2812
01:20:53,649 --> 01:20:55,551
THAT THEY DON'T EVEN HAVE SORT
2813
01:20:55,551 --> 01:20:57,386
OF BASIC STATISTICS ABOUT HOW
2814
01:20:57,386 --> 01:20:58,922
BIG THE SPYING PROGRAM IS.
2815
01:20:58,922 --> 01:21:00,556
IF THE ANSWER IS, "OH, WE'RE
2816
01:21:00,556 --> 01:21:01,958
SPYING ON SO MANY PEOPLE, WE
2817
01:21:01,958 --> 01:21:03,692
CAN'T POSSIBLY EVEN COUNT THEM,"
2818
01:21:03,692 --> 01:21:05,028
THEN THAT'S AN AWFUL LOT OF
2819
01:21:05,028 --> 01:21:05,661
PEOPLE.
2820
01:21:05,661 --> 01:21:06,963
ONE THING THAT THEY SAID, "LOOK,
2821
01:21:06,963 --> 01:21:08,364
YOU KNOW, WE KNOW THE NUMBER OF
2822
01:21:08,364 --> 01:21:09,498
TELEPHONES WE'RE SPYING ON.
2823
01:21:09,498 --> 01:21:10,733
WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY HOW MANY
2824
01:21:10,733 --> 01:21:11,935
REAL PEOPLE THAT CORRESPONDS
2825
01:21:11,935 --> 01:21:12,401
TO."
2826
01:21:12,401 --> 01:21:13,536
BUT THEY JUST CAME BACK AND
2827
01:21:13,536 --> 01:21:14,637
SAID, "WE CAN'T GIVE YOU A
2828
01:21:14,637 --> 01:21:15,438
NUMBER AT ALL."
2829
01:21:15,438 --> 01:21:16,639
THAT'S PRETTY -- I MEAN, IT'S
2830
01:21:16,639 --> 01:21:17,606
SCARY IS WHAT IT IS.
2831
01:21:17,606 --> 01:21:18,574
WELL, THAT'S SCARY.
2832
01:21:18,574 --> 01:21:19,708
AND THEY PUT INCREDIBLE
2833
01:21:19,708 --> 01:21:21,978
PRESSURE ON HIM, TOOK AWAY HIS,
2834
01:21:21,978 --> 01:21:24,347
YOU KNOW, ALL OF THE MONEY HE
2835
01:21:24,347 --> 01:21:25,081
HAD MADE.
2836
01:21:25,081 --> 01:21:26,916
THEY, YOU KNOW, THREATENED TO
2837
01:21:26,916 --> 01:21:28,985
TAKE AWAY HIS PHYSICAL FREEDOM.
2838
01:21:28,985 --> 01:21:30,686
WHY'D THEY DO IT, YOU KNOW?
2839
01:21:30,686 --> 01:21:32,655
I MEAN, WELL, WHY ARE THEY GOING
2840
01:21:32,655 --> 01:21:34,590
AFTER WHISTLEBLOWERS, YOU KNOW?
2841
01:21:34,590 --> 01:21:36,492
WHY ARE THEY GOING AFTER PEOPLE
2842
01:21:36,492 --> 01:21:38,094
WHO TELL THE TRUTH ABOUT ALL
2843
01:21:38,094 --> 01:21:39,362
SORTS OF THINGS?
2844
01:21:39,362 --> 01:21:41,697
I MEAN, FROM THE BANKS TO THE,
2845
01:21:41,697 --> 01:21:44,000
YOU KNOW, TO WAR TO JUST SORT
2846
01:21:44,000 --> 01:21:46,369
OF GOVERNMENT TRANSPARENCY.
2847
01:21:46,369 --> 01:21:47,937
SO, SECRECY SERVES THOSE WHO
2848
01:21:47,937 --> 01:21:49,705
ARE ALREADY IN POWER, AND WE ARE
2849
01:21:49,705 --> 01:21:51,507
LIVING IN AN ERA OF SECRECY THAT
2850
01:21:51,507 --> 01:21:53,076
COINCIDES WITH AN ERA WHERE THE
2851
01:21:53,076 --> 01:21:54,777
GOVERNMENT IS DOING ALSO A LOT
2852
01:21:54,777 --> 01:21:56,379
OF THINGS THAT ARE PROBABLY
2853
01:21:56,379 --> 01:21:58,014
ILLEGAL AND UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
2854
01:21:58,014 --> 01:21:59,815
SO, THOSE TWO THINGS ARE NOT
2855
01:21:59,815 --> 01:22:01,117
COINCIDENCES.
2856
01:22:01,117 --> 01:22:02,618
IT'S VERY CLEAR THAT THIS
2857
01:22:02,618 --> 01:22:03,987
TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED
2858
01:22:03,987 --> 01:22:05,088
NOT FOR SMALL COUNTRIES
2859
01:22:05,088 --> 01:22:06,722
OVERSEAS, BUT RIGHT HERE FOR USE
2860
01:22:06,722 --> 01:22:08,191
IN THE UNITED STATES BY THE U.S.
2861
01:22:08,191 --> 01:22:08,857
GOVERNMENT.
2862
01:22:08,857 --> 01:22:10,159
THE PROBLEM WITH THE SPYING
2863
01:22:10,159 --> 01:22:11,660
PROGRAM IS IT'S THIS SORT OF
2864
01:22:11,660 --> 01:22:13,396
LONG, SLOW EXPANSION, YOU KNOW,
2865
01:22:13,396 --> 01:22:14,663
GOING BACK TO THE NIXON
2866
01:22:14,663 --> 01:22:15,864
ADMINISTRATION, RIGHT?
2867
01:22:15,864 --> 01:22:17,533
OBVIOUSLY IT BECAME BIG AFTER
2868
01:22:17,533 --> 01:22:19,035
9/11 UNDER GEORGE W. BUSH, AND
2869
01:22:19,035 --> 01:22:20,703
OBAMA HAS CONTINUED TO EXPAND
2870
01:22:20,703 --> 01:22:22,505
IT, AND THE PROBLEMS HAVE SLOWLY
2871
01:22:22,505 --> 01:22:23,706
GROWN WORSE AND WORSE.
2872
01:22:23,706 --> 01:22:25,008
BUT THERE'S NEVER BEEN THIS
2873
01:22:25,008 --> 01:22:26,709
MOMENT YOU CAN POINT TO AND SAY,
2874
01:22:26,709 --> 01:22:28,011
"OKAY, WE NEED TO GALVANIZE
2875
01:22:28,011 --> 01:22:29,612
OPPOSITION TODAY BECAUSE TODAY
2876
01:22:29,612 --> 01:22:31,680
IS WHEN IT MATTERS."
2877
01:22:31,680 --> 01:22:33,416
THE PROSECUTION, IN MY
2878
01:22:33,416 --> 01:22:35,418
ESTIMATION, OF AARON SWARTZ WAS
2879
01:22:35,418 --> 01:22:37,020
ABOUT SENDING A PARTICULAR
2880
01:22:37,020 --> 01:22:40,123
LASER-LIKE MESSAGE TO A GROUP OF
2881
01:22:40,123 --> 01:22:41,957
PEOPLE THAT THE OBAMA
2882
01:22:41,957 --> 01:22:43,792
ADMINISTRATION SEES AS
2883
01:22:43,792 --> 01:22:46,829
POLITICALLY THREATENING.
2884
01:22:46,829 --> 01:22:48,964
AND THAT IS ESSENTIALLY THE
2885
01:22:48,964 --> 01:22:51,534
HACKER, THE INFORMATION, AND THE
2886
01:22:51,534 --> 01:22:53,769
DEMOCRACY ACTIVIST COMMUNITY.
2887
01:22:53,769 --> 01:22:55,638
AND THE MESSAGE THAT THE OBAMA
2888
01:22:55,638 --> 01:22:57,606
ADMINISTRATION WANTED TO SEND TO
2889
01:22:57,606 --> 01:22:59,508
THAT PARTICULAR COMMUNITY WAS,
2890
01:22:59,508 --> 01:23:01,244
IN MY ESTIMATION, "WE KNOW YOU
2891
01:23:01,244 --> 01:23:03,079
HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE TROUBLE
2892
01:23:03,079 --> 01:23:04,913
FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT, AND SO WE
2893
01:23:04,913 --> 01:23:06,549
ARE GOING TO TRY TO MAKE AN
2894
01:23:06,549 --> 01:23:08,684
EXAMPLE OUT OF AARON SWARTZ TO
2895
01:23:08,684 --> 01:23:11,020
SCARE AS MANY OF YOU AS POSSIBLE
2896
01:23:11,020 --> 01:23:13,089
INTO NOT MAKING THAT TROUBLE."
2897
01:23:13,089 --> 01:23:14,923
AND THE GOVERNMENT SAID, "OH,
2898
01:23:14,923 --> 01:23:16,692
THE LEGAL OPINIONS WE'RE USING
2899
01:23:16,692 --> 01:23:18,227
TO LEGALIZE THE SPYING PROGRAM
2900
01:23:18,227 --> 01:23:20,063
ARE ALSO CLASSIFIED, SO WE CAN'T
2901
01:23:20,063 --> 01:23:21,830
EVEN TELL YOU WHICH LAWS WE'RE
2902
01:23:21,830 --> 01:23:23,032
USING TO SPY ON YOU."
2903
01:23:23,032 --> 01:23:24,233
EVERY TIME THEY CAN SAY, "OH,
2904
01:23:24,233 --> 01:23:25,601
THIS IS ANOTHER INSTANCE OF
2905
01:23:25,601 --> 01:23:26,635
CYBER WAR" OR "THE CYBER
2906
01:23:26,635 --> 01:23:27,770
CRIMINALS ARE ATTACKING US
2907
01:23:27,770 --> 01:23:28,104
AGAIN.
2908
01:23:28,104 --> 01:23:29,038
WE'RE ALL IN DANGER.
2909
01:23:29,038 --> 01:23:30,239
WE'RE ALL UNDER THREAT," THEY
2910
01:23:30,239 --> 01:23:31,674
USE THOSE AS EXCUSES TO PUSH
2911
01:23:31,674 --> 01:23:32,975
THROUGH MORE AND MORE DANGEROUS
2912
01:23:32,975 --> 01:23:34,643
LAWS.
2913
01:23:34,643 --> 01:23:36,979
AND SO, JUST TO FOLLOW, LIKE,
2914
01:23:36,979 --> 01:23:39,482
PERSONALLY, HOW DO YOU FEEL THE
2915
01:23:39,482 --> 01:23:40,749
FIGHT IS GOING?
2916
01:23:40,749 --> 01:23:42,585
IT'S UP TO YOU.
2917
01:23:42,585 --> 01:23:46,922
[ CHUCKLES ]
2918
01:23:46,922 --> 01:23:50,726
YOU KNOW, THERE'S SORT OF THESE
2919
01:23:50,726 --> 01:23:51,927
TWO POLARIZING PERSPECTIVES,
2920
01:23:51,927 --> 01:23:52,261
RIGHT?
2921
01:23:52,261 --> 01:23:53,229
EVERYTHING IS GREAT.
2922
01:23:53,229 --> 01:23:54,630
THE INTERNET HAS CREATED ALL
2923
01:23:54,630 --> 01:23:55,831
THIS FREEDOM AND LIBERTY AND
2924
01:23:55,831 --> 01:23:57,166
EVERYTHING'S GONNA BE FANTASTIC,
2925
01:23:57,166 --> 01:23:58,501
OR EVERYTHING IS TERRIBLE.
2926
01:23:58,501 --> 01:23:59,702
THE INTERNET HAS CREATED ALL
2927
01:23:59,702 --> 01:24:01,003
THESE TOOLS FOR CRACKING DOWN
2928
01:24:01,003 --> 01:24:02,138
AND SPYING AND, YOU KNOW,
2929
01:24:02,138 --> 01:24:03,206
CONTROLLING WHAT WE SAY.
2930
01:24:03,206 --> 01:24:04,840
AND I THINK BOTH ARE TRUE,
2931
01:24:04,840 --> 01:24:05,274
RIGHT?
2932
01:24:05,274 --> 01:24:06,975
THE INTERNET HAS DONE BOTH.
2933
01:24:06,975 --> 01:24:08,777
AND BOTH ARE KIND OF AMAZING AND
2934
01:24:08,777 --> 01:24:09,645
ASTONISHING.
2935
01:24:09,645 --> 01:24:11,214
AND WHICH ONE WILL WIN OUT IN
2936
01:24:11,214 --> 01:24:12,815
THE LONG RUN IS UP TO US.
2937
01:24:12,815 --> 01:24:14,016
IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE TO SAY,
2938
01:24:14,016 --> 01:24:15,218
"OH, ONE IS DOING BETTER THAN
2939
01:24:15,218 --> 01:24:15,884
THE OTHER."
2940
01:24:15,884 --> 01:24:17,086
YOU KNOW, THEY'RE BOTH TRUE.
2941
01:24:17,086 --> 01:24:18,554
AND IT'S UP TO US WHICH ONES WE
2942
01:24:18,554 --> 01:24:19,822
EMPHASIZE AND WHICH ONES WE TAKE
2943
01:24:19,822 --> 01:24:21,090
ADVANTAGE OF, BECAUSE THEY'RE
2944
01:24:21,090 --> 01:24:22,191
BOTH THERE AND THEY'RE BOTH
2945
01:24:22,191 --> 01:24:28,297
ALWAYS GONNA BE THERE.
2946
01:24:28,297 --> 01:24:31,033
ON SEPTEMBER 12, 2012,
2947
01:24:31,033 --> 01:24:32,668
FEDERAL PROSECUTORS FILED A
2948
01:24:32,668 --> 01:24:34,237
SUPERSEDING INDICTMENT AGAINST
2949
01:24:34,237 --> 01:24:36,071
SWARTZ, ADDING ADDITIONAL COUNTS
2950
01:24:36,071 --> 01:24:37,740
OF WIRE FRAUD, UNAUTHORIZED
2951
01:24:37,740 --> 01:24:39,108
ACCESS TO A COMPUTER, AND
2952
01:24:39,108 --> 01:24:40,075
COMPUTER FRAUD.
2953
01:24:40,075 --> 01:24:42,578
NOW INSTEAD OF FOUR FELONY
2954
01:24:42,578 --> 01:24:45,080
COUNTS, SWARTZ WAS FACING 13.
2955
01:24:45,080 --> 01:24:47,049
THE PROSECUTION'S LEVERAGE HAD
2956
01:24:47,049 --> 01:24:49,017
DRAMATICALLY INCREASED, AS DID
2957
01:24:49,017 --> 01:24:51,086
SWARTZ'S POTENTIAL JAIL TIME AND
2958
01:24:51,086 --> 01:24:51,787
FINES.
2959
01:24:51,787 --> 01:24:53,656
THEY FILED A SEPARATE
2960
01:24:53,656 --> 01:24:55,924
INDICTMENT TO ADD MORE CHARGES,
2961
01:24:55,924 --> 01:24:58,161
AND THEY HAD A THEORY ABOUT WHY
2962
01:24:58,161 --> 01:25:00,129
THIS CONDUCT CONSTITUTED A
2963
01:25:00,129 --> 01:25:01,797
NUMBER OF FEDERAL CRIMES AND
2964
01:25:01,797 --> 01:25:03,299
THAT A VERY SIGNIFICANT SENTENCE
2965
01:25:03,299 --> 01:25:04,900
COULD ATTACH TO IT UNDER THE
2966
01:25:04,900 --> 01:25:06,902
LAW.
2967
01:25:06,902 --> 01:25:08,604
THAT THEORY AND MUCH OF THE
2968
01:25:08,604 --> 01:25:10,005
PROSECUTION'S CASE AGAINST
2969
01:25:10,005 --> 01:25:11,707
SWARTZ INVOLVED A LAW CREATED
2970
01:25:11,707 --> 01:25:13,709
ORIGINALLY IN 1986.
2971
01:25:13,709 --> 01:25:14,610
IT IS CALLED THE
2972
01:25:14,610 --> 01:25:15,911
COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE ACT.
2973
01:25:15,911 --> 01:25:17,280
THE COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE
2974
01:25:17,280 --> 01:25:18,781
ACT WAS INSPIRED BY THE MOVIE
2975
01:25:18,781 --> 01:25:19,648
"WarGames" WITH
2976
01:25:19,648 --> 01:25:20,983
MATTHEW BRODERICK, WHICH WAS A
2977
01:25:20,983 --> 01:25:21,750
GREAT MOVIE.
2978
01:25:21,750 --> 01:25:22,918
I HAVE YOU NOW.
2979
01:25:22,918 --> 01:25:24,920
IN THIS MOVIE, A KID GETS THE
2980
01:25:24,920 --> 01:25:26,722
ABILITY THROUGH THE MAGIC OF
2981
01:25:26,722 --> 01:25:28,324
COMPUTER NETWORKS TO, LIKE,
2982
01:25:28,324 --> 01:25:33,095
LAUNCH A NUCLEAR ATTACK.
2983
01:25:33,095 --> 01:25:34,797
YOU KNOW, THAT'S NOT ACTUALLY
2984
01:25:34,797 --> 01:25:36,199
POSSIBLE, AND IT CERTAINLY
2985
01:25:36,199 --> 01:25:38,033
WASN'T POSSIBLE IN THE '80s, BUT
2986
01:25:38,033 --> 01:25:39,702
APPARENTLY THIS MOVIE SCARED
2987
01:25:39,702 --> 01:25:41,704
CONGRESS ENOUGH TO PASS THE
2988
01:25:41,704 --> 01:25:43,706
ORIGINAL COMPUTER FRAUD AND
2989
01:25:43,706 --> 01:25:44,673
ABUSE ACT.
2990
01:25:44,673 --> 01:25:45,974
THIS IS A LAW THAT'S JUST
2991
01:25:45,974 --> 01:25:46,909
BEHIND THE TIMES.
2992
01:25:46,909 --> 01:25:49,645
FOR EXAMPLE, IT PENALIZES A
2993
01:25:49,645 --> 01:25:51,380
"TERMS OF SERVICE" KINDS OF
2994
01:25:51,380 --> 01:25:52,815
ARRANGEMENTS.
2995
01:25:52,815 --> 01:25:54,750
YOU KNOW, SOMETHING LIKE
2996
01:25:54,750 --> 01:25:56,719
eHarmony OR match.com AND
2997
01:25:56,719 --> 01:25:58,987
SOMEBODY SORT OF INFLATES THEIR
2998
01:25:58,987 --> 01:26:01,290
OWN PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS.
2999
01:26:01,290 --> 01:26:03,058
AND ALL OF A SUDDEN, DEPENDING
3000
01:26:03,058 --> 01:26:04,727
ON THE JURISDICTION AND THE
3001
01:26:04,727 --> 01:26:06,295
PROSECUTORS, THEY COULD BE IN A
3002
01:26:06,295 --> 01:26:07,830
WHOLE HOST OF TROUBLES.
3003
01:26:07,830 --> 01:26:09,398
WE ALL KNOW WHAT TERMS OF USE
3004
01:26:09,398 --> 01:26:09,965
ARE.
3005
01:26:09,965 --> 01:26:11,667
MOST PEOPLE DON'T READ THEM.
3006
01:26:11,667 --> 01:26:13,236
BUT NOT ABIDING BY THEIR TERMS
3007
01:26:13,236 --> 01:26:15,070
COULD MEAN YOU ARE COMMITTING A
3008
01:26:15,070 --> 01:26:15,771
FELONY.
3009
01:26:15,771 --> 01:26:17,406
THE WEBSITE TERMS OF SERVICE
3010
01:26:17,406 --> 01:26:19,208
OFTEN SAY THINGS LIKE "BE NICE
3011
01:26:19,208 --> 01:26:20,876
TO EACH OTHER" OR "DON'T DO
3012
01:26:20,876 --> 01:26:22,311
ANYTHING THAT'S IMPROPER."
3013
01:26:22,311 --> 01:26:24,112
THE IDEA THAT THE CRIMINAL LAW
3014
01:26:24,112 --> 01:26:25,981
HAS ANYTHING TO SAY ABOUT THESE
3015
01:26:25,981 --> 01:26:27,650
KINDS OF VIOLATIONS I THINK
3016
01:26:27,650 --> 01:26:30,152
STRIKES MOST PEOPLE AS CRAZY.
3017
01:26:30,152 --> 01:26:32,120
THE EXAMPLES GET EVEN MORE
3018
01:26:32,120 --> 01:26:32,855
CRAZY.
3019
01:26:32,855 --> 01:26:34,390
UNTIL IT WAS CHANGED IN
3020
01:26:34,390 --> 01:26:36,459
MARCH OF 2013, THE TERMS OF USE
3021
01:26:36,459 --> 01:26:38,294
ON THE WEBSITE OF HEARST'S
3022
01:26:38,294 --> 01:26:40,396
SEVENTEEN MAGAZINE SAID YOU HAD
3023
01:26:40,396 --> 01:26:42,030
TO BE 18 IN ORDER TO READ IT.
3024
01:26:42,030 --> 01:26:43,766
I WOULD SAY THAT THE WAY THE
3025
01:26:43,766 --> 01:26:45,301
CFAA HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY THE
3026
01:26:45,301 --> 01:26:46,835
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT, WE ARE
3027
01:26:46,835 --> 01:26:48,904
PROBABLY ALL BREAKING THE LAW.
3028
01:26:48,904 --> 01:26:50,939
VAGUE AND PRONE TO MISUSE,
3029
01:26:50,939 --> 01:26:52,375
THE CFAA HAS BECOME A
3030
01:26:52,375 --> 01:26:54,677
ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL HAMMER FOR A
3031
01:26:54,677 --> 01:26:56,745
WIDE RANGE OF COMPUTER-RELATED
3032
01:26:56,745 --> 01:26:57,413
DISPUTES.
3033
01:26:57,413 --> 01:26:59,382
THOUGH NOT THE ONLY FACTOR IN
3034
01:26:59,382 --> 01:27:01,484
HIS CASE, 11 OF THE 13 CHARGES
3035
01:27:01,484 --> 01:27:03,352
AGAINST SWARTZ INVOLVED THE
3036
01:27:03,352 --> 01:27:06,889
COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE ACT.
3037
01:27:06,889 --> 01:27:08,957
THE QUESTION "WHY?" HANGS OVER
3038
01:27:08,957 --> 01:27:10,359
MUCH OF THE STORY OF
3039
01:27:10,359 --> 01:27:11,427
AARON SWARTZ.
3040
01:27:11,427 --> 01:27:13,028
JUST WHAT WAS MOTIVATING THE
3041
01:27:13,028 --> 01:27:14,763
GOVERNMENT, AND WHAT WOULD THEIR
3042
01:27:14,763 --> 01:27:15,698
CASE HAVE BEEN?
3043
01:27:15,698 --> 01:27:16,999
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
3044
01:27:16,999 --> 01:27:18,467
DECLINED REQUESTS FOR ANSWERS,
3045
01:27:18,467 --> 01:27:20,068
BUT PROFESSOR ORIN KERR IS A
3046
01:27:20,068 --> 01:27:21,370
FORMER PROSECUTOR WHO HAS
3047
01:27:21,370 --> 01:27:23,138
STUDIED THE CASE.
3048
01:27:23,138 --> 01:27:24,407
SO, I THINK I COME ABOUT THIS
3049
01:27:24,407 --> 01:27:25,841
CASE FROM A DIFFERENT DIRECTION
3050
01:27:25,841 --> 01:27:27,109
THAN OTHER PEOPLE ON A NUMBER OF
3051
01:27:27,109 --> 01:27:27,476
REASONS.
3052
01:27:27,476 --> 01:27:28,911
I WAS A FEDERAL PROSECUTOR WITH
3053
01:27:28,911 --> 01:27:30,178
THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT FOR THREE
3054
01:27:30,178 --> 01:27:32,247
YEARS BEFORE I STARTED TEACHING.
3055
01:27:32,247 --> 01:27:34,016
THE GOVERNMENT CAME FORWARD WITH
3056
01:27:34,016 --> 01:27:35,384
AN INDICTMENT BASED ON WHAT
3057
01:27:35,384 --> 01:27:36,852
CRIMES THEY THOUGHT WERE
3058
01:27:36,852 --> 01:27:37,386
COMMITTED.
3059
01:27:37,386 --> 01:27:38,887
JUST AS A PURELY LAWYER'S
3060
01:27:38,887 --> 01:27:40,155
MATTER -- LOOKING AT THE
3061
01:27:40,155 --> 01:27:41,524
PRECEDENTS, LOOKING AT THE
3062
01:27:41,524 --> 01:27:43,258
STATUTE, LOOKING AT THE HISTORY,
3063
01:27:43,258 --> 01:27:44,893
LOOKING AT THE CASES THAT ARE
3064
01:27:44,893 --> 01:27:46,395
OUT THERE SO FAR -- I THINK IT
3065
01:27:46,395 --> 01:27:48,030
WAS A FAIR INDICTMENT BASED ON
3066
01:27:48,030 --> 01:27:48,397
THAT.
3067
01:27:48,397 --> 01:27:49,798
YOU CAN DEBATE WHETHER THEY
3068
01:27:49,798 --> 01:27:51,066
SHOULD HAVE CHARGED THIS CASE.
3069
01:27:51,066 --> 01:27:52,067
THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
3070
01:27:52,067 --> 01:27:52,835
DISAGREEMENT.
3071
01:27:52,835 --> 01:27:54,069
SOME PEOPLE ARE ON, YOU KNOW,
3072
01:27:54,069 --> 01:27:55,070
THE OPEN ACCESS SIDE.
3073
01:27:55,070 --> 01:27:56,439
SOME PEOPLE ARE NOT.
3074
01:27:56,439 --> 01:27:58,874
I THINK THE GOVERNMENT TOOK
3075
01:27:58,874 --> 01:28:01,276
SWARTZ'S GUERILLA OPEN ACCESS
3076
01:28:01,276 --> 01:28:03,412
MANIFESTO VERY SERIOUSLY.
3077
01:28:03,412 --> 01:28:05,848
AND I THINK THEY SAW HIM AS
3078
01:28:05,848 --> 01:28:08,283
SOMEBODY WHO WAS COMMITTED AS A
3079
01:28:08,283 --> 01:28:10,919
MORAL IMPERATIVE TO BREAKING THE
3080
01:28:10,919 --> 01:28:13,088
LAW TO OVERCOME A LAW THAT
3081
01:28:13,088 --> 01:28:15,023
SWARTZ SAW AS UNJUST.
3082
01:28:15,023 --> 01:28:16,992
AND IN A DEMOCRACY, IF YOU THINK
3083
01:28:16,992 --> 01:28:18,894
A LAW IS UNJUST, THERE ARE WAYS
3084
01:28:18,894 --> 01:28:20,195
OF CHANGING THAT LAW.
3085
01:28:20,195 --> 01:28:22,030
THERE'S GOING TO CONGRESS, AS
3086
01:28:22,030 --> 01:28:23,866
SWARTZ DID SO MASTERFULLY WITH
3087
01:28:23,866 --> 01:28:24,299
SOPA.
3088
01:28:24,299 --> 01:28:26,335
OR YOU CAN VIOLATE THAT LAW IN A
3089
01:28:26,335 --> 01:28:28,337
WAY TO TRY TO NULLIFY THAT LAW.
3090
01:28:28,337 --> 01:28:30,373
AND I THINK WHAT WAS DRIVING THE
3091
01:28:30,373 --> 01:28:32,307
PROSECUTION WAS THE SENSE THAT
3092
01:28:32,307 --> 01:28:34,477
SWARTZ WAS COMMITTED NOT JUST TO
3093
01:28:34,477 --> 01:28:36,779
BREAKING THE LAW BUT TO REALLY
3094
01:28:36,779 --> 01:28:38,347
MAKING SURE THAT LAW WAS
3095
01:28:38,347 --> 01:28:40,449
NULLIFIED, THAT EVERYONE WOULD
3096
01:28:40,449 --> 01:28:42,818
HAVE ACCESS TO THE DATABASE IN A
3097
01:28:42,818 --> 01:28:44,853
WAY THAT YOU COULDN'T PUT THE
3098
01:28:44,853 --> 01:28:46,922
TOOTHPASTE BACK INTO THE TUBE.
3099
01:28:46,922 --> 01:28:48,891
IT WOULD BE DONE, AND SWARTZ'S
3100
01:28:48,891 --> 01:28:51,827
SIDE WOULD WIN.
3101
01:28:51,827 --> 01:28:53,228
THERE'S A BIG DISAGREEMENT IN
3102
01:28:53,228 --> 01:28:54,930
SOCIETY AS TO WHETHER THAT IS AN
3103
01:28:54,930 --> 01:28:56,198
UNJUST LAW, AND ULTIMATELY
3104
01:28:56,198 --> 01:28:57,433
THAT'S A DECISION FOR THE
3105
01:28:57,433 --> 01:28:59,101
AMERICAN PEOPLE TO MAKE WORKING
3106
01:28:59,101 --> 01:29:00,068
THROUGH CONGRESS.
3107
01:29:00,068 --> 01:29:01,604
AND THEN THE SECOND PROBLEM IS,
3108
01:29:01,604 --> 01:29:03,238
I THINK, WE'RE STILL TRYING TO
3109
01:29:03,238 --> 01:29:04,540
FIGURE OUT WHAT'S THE LINE
3110
01:29:04,540 --> 01:29:06,108
BETWEEN LESS SERIOUS OFFENSES
3111
01:29:06,108 --> 01:29:07,410
AND MORE SERIOUS OFFENSES?
3112
01:29:07,410 --> 01:29:08,877
WE'RE NOW ENTERING THIS
3113
01:29:08,877 --> 01:29:10,245
DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT OF
3114
01:29:10,245 --> 01:29:12,047
COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER MISUSE,
3115
01:29:12,047 --> 01:29:13,882
AND WE DON'T YET HAVE A REALLY
3116
01:29:13,882 --> 01:29:15,418
STRONG SENSE OF EXACTLY WHAT
3117
01:29:15,418 --> 01:29:16,452
THESE LINES ARE.
3118
01:29:16,452 --> 01:29:19,021
WE'RE JUST WORKING THAT OUT.
3119
01:29:19,021 --> 01:29:20,288
THIS IS A POOR USE OF
3120
01:29:20,288 --> 01:29:21,624
PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION.
3121
01:29:21,624 --> 01:29:23,225
THE HAMMER THAT THE JUSTICE
3122
01:29:23,225 --> 01:29:24,927
DEPARTMENT HAS TO SCARE PEOPLE
3123
01:29:24,927 --> 01:29:26,395
WITH, IT JUST GETS BIGGER AND
3124
01:29:26,395 --> 01:29:27,430
BIGGER AND BIGGER.
3125
01:29:27,430 --> 01:29:29,097
AND SO, MOST PEOPLE JUST, YOU
3126
01:29:29,097 --> 01:29:30,566
KNOW, YOU CAN'T ROLL THE DICE
3127
01:29:30,566 --> 01:29:32,034
WITH YOUR LIFE LIKE THAT.
3128
01:29:32,034 --> 01:29:33,402
SHOULD WE TAP SOMEBODY'S
3129
01:29:33,402 --> 01:29:34,036
PHONE?
3130
01:29:34,036 --> 01:29:35,137
SHOULD WE FILM THEM?
3131
01:29:35,137 --> 01:29:36,872
SHOULD WE TURN SOMEBODY AND GET
3132
01:29:36,872 --> 01:29:38,340
THEM TO TESTIFY AGAINST THESE
3133
01:29:38,340 --> 01:29:39,207
OTHER PEOPLE?
3134
01:29:39,207 --> 01:29:41,143
THAT'S HOW FEDERAL AGENTS AND
3135
01:29:41,143 --> 01:29:42,377
PROSECUTORS THINK.
3136
01:29:42,377 --> 01:29:43,579
THEY BUILD CASES.
3137
01:29:43,579 --> 01:29:46,314
THEY MAKE CASES.
3138
01:29:46,314 --> 01:29:47,850
SWARTZ WAS CAUGHT IN THE
3139
01:29:47,850 --> 01:29:48,617
GEARS OF A BRUTAL
3140
01:29:48,617 --> 01:29:50,185
CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM THAT
3141
01:29:50,185 --> 01:29:51,587
COULD NOT TURN BACK, A MACHINE
3142
01:29:51,587 --> 01:29:53,055
THAT HAS MADE AMERICA THE
3143
01:29:53,055 --> 01:29:54,590
COUNTRY WITH THE HIGHEST RATE OF
3144
01:29:54,590 --> 01:29:56,659
INCARCERATION IN THE WORLD.
3145
01:29:56,659 --> 01:29:58,527
WE HAVE, IN THIS COUNTRY,
3146
01:29:58,527 --> 01:30:00,596
ALLOWED OURSELVES TO BE CAPTURED
3147
01:30:00,596 --> 01:30:02,197
BY THE POLITICS OF FEAR AND
3148
01:30:02,197 --> 01:30:03,966
ANGER, AND ANYTHING WE'RE AFRAID
3149
01:30:03,966 --> 01:30:06,368
OF, LIKE THE FUTURE OF THE
3150
01:30:06,368 --> 01:30:09,037
INTERNET AND ACCESS AND ANYTHING
3151
01:30:09,037 --> 01:30:10,639
WE'RE ANGRY ABOUT, INSTINCTIVELY
3152
01:30:10,639 --> 01:30:12,240
CREATES A CRIMINAL-JUSTICE
3153
01:30:12,240 --> 01:30:13,476
INTERVENTION.
3154
01:30:13,476 --> 01:30:15,644
AND WE'VE USED JAIL, PRISON, AND
3155
01:30:15,644 --> 01:30:17,880
PUNISHMENT TO RESOLVE A WHOLE
3156
01:30:17,880 --> 01:30:19,347
HOST OF PROBLEMS THAT
3157
01:30:19,347 --> 01:30:21,484
HISTORICALLY WERE NEVER SEEN AS
3158
01:30:21,484 --> 01:30:23,385
CRIMINAL-JUSTICE PROBLEMS.
3159
01:30:23,385 --> 01:30:25,554
THE IMPULSE TO THREATEN, INDICT,
3160
01:30:25,554 --> 01:30:27,289
PROSECUTE, WHICH IS PART OF WHAT
3161
01:30:27,289 --> 01:30:28,657
HAS CREATED THIS DEBATE AND
3162
01:30:28,657 --> 01:30:30,325
CONTROVERSY OVER ONLINE ACCESS
3163
01:30:30,325 --> 01:30:32,027
AND INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET,
3164
01:30:32,027 --> 01:30:33,428
IS VERY CONSISTENT WITH WHAT
3165
01:30:33,428 --> 01:30:34,930
WE'VE SEEN IN OTHER AREAS.
3166
01:30:34,930 --> 01:30:36,364
THE ONE DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE
3167
01:30:36,364 --> 01:30:38,066
PEOPLE WHO ARE USUALLY TARGETED
3168
01:30:38,066 --> 01:30:41,169
AND VICTIMIZED BY THESE KINDS OF
3169
01:30:41,169 --> 01:30:43,038
CRIMINAL INCARCERAL RESPONSES
3170
01:30:43,038 --> 01:30:46,675
ARE TYPICALLY POOR IN MINORITY.
3171
01:30:46,675 --> 01:30:48,243
SWARTZ'S ISOLATION FROM
3172
01:30:48,243 --> 01:30:49,912
FRIENDS AND FAMILY INCREASED.
3173
01:30:49,912 --> 01:30:51,313
HE HAD BASICALLY STOPPED
3174
01:30:51,313 --> 01:30:52,981
WORKING ON ANYTHING ELSE, AND
3175
01:30:52,981 --> 01:30:54,449
THE CASE WAS, IN FACT, LIKE,
3176
01:30:54,449 --> 01:30:56,118
TAKING OVER SORT OF HIS WHOLE
3177
01:30:56,118 --> 01:30:56,485
LIFE.
3178
01:30:56,485 --> 01:30:58,020
ONE OF AARON'S LAWYERS
3179
01:30:58,020 --> 01:30:59,555
APPARENTLY TOLD THE PROSECUTORS
3180
01:30:59,555 --> 01:31:01,123
THAT HE WAS EMOTIONALLY
3181
01:31:01,123 --> 01:31:02,558
VULNERABLE AND THAT THAT WAS
3182
01:31:02,558 --> 01:31:04,126
SOMETHING THAT THEY REALLY
3183
01:31:04,126 --> 01:31:05,628
NEEDED TO KEEP IN MIND SO THAT
3184
01:31:05,628 --> 01:31:06,595
THEY KNEW THAT.
3185
01:31:06,595 --> 01:31:08,296
IT WAS WEIGHING ON HIM VERY
3186
01:31:08,296 --> 01:31:08,797
HEAVILY.
3187
01:31:08,797 --> 01:31:11,233
HE DID NOT LIKE HAVING HIS
3188
01:31:11,233 --> 01:31:13,468
ACTIONS AND HIS MOVEMENTS
3189
01:31:13,468 --> 01:31:15,504
RESTRICTED IN ANY WAY.
3190
01:31:15,504 --> 01:31:18,140
AND THE THREAT OF JAIL, WHICH
3191
01:31:18,140 --> 01:31:22,244
THEY POUNDED HIM WITH A LOT, WAS
3192
01:31:22,244 --> 01:31:23,445
TERRIFYING TO HIM.
3193
01:31:23,445 --> 01:31:25,247
COMPLETELY EXHAUSTED HIS
3194
01:31:25,247 --> 01:31:27,282
FINANCIAL RESOURCES, AND IT COST
3195
01:31:27,282 --> 01:31:29,251
US A LOT OF MONEY, ALSO, AND HE
3196
01:31:29,251 --> 01:31:31,219
RAISED A SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF
3197
01:31:31,219 --> 01:31:31,687
MONEY.
3198
01:31:31,687 --> 01:31:33,656
SO, IT WAS, YOU KNOW, IT WAS IN
3199
01:31:33,656 --> 01:31:35,357
THE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS.
3200
01:31:35,357 --> 01:31:36,692
THE LEGAL DEFENSE?
3201
01:31:36,692 --> 01:31:37,392
YES.
3202
01:31:37,392 --> 01:31:39,027
WAS IN THE MILLIONS?
3203
01:31:39,027 --> 01:31:40,629
YES.
3204
01:31:40,629 --> 01:31:42,264
YEAH, I THINK HE DIDN'T WANT
3205
01:31:42,264 --> 01:31:43,532
TO BE A BURDEN TO PEOPLE.
3206
01:31:43,532 --> 01:31:45,000
I THINK THAT WAS A FACTOR.
3207
01:31:45,000 --> 01:31:46,368
LIKE, "I HAVE MY NORMAL LIFE,
3208
01:31:46,368 --> 01:31:47,703
AND THEN I HAVE THIS SHITTY
3209
01:31:47,703 --> 01:31:49,337
THING I HAVE TO DEAL WITH, AND I
3210
01:31:49,337 --> 01:31:50,739
TRY TO, LIKE, KEEP THE TWO OF
3211
01:31:50,739 --> 01:31:52,340
THEM AS SEPARATE AS POSSIBLE."
3212
01:31:52,340 --> 01:31:54,009
BUT THEY WERE JUST BEGINNING TO
3213
01:31:54,009 --> 01:31:55,544
BLUR TOGETHER AND EVERYTHING WAS
3214
01:31:55,544 --> 01:31:58,547
BECOMING SHITTY.
3215
01:31:58,547 --> 01:32:00,382
SWARTZ FACED A TOUGH CHOICE
3216
01:32:00,382 --> 01:32:02,117
THAT WAS ONLY GETTING TOUGHER.
3217
01:32:02,117 --> 01:32:03,686
DO YOU ADMIT GUILT AND MOVE ON
3218
01:32:03,686 --> 01:32:05,487
WITH YOUR LIFE, OR DO YOU FIGHT
3219
01:32:05,487 --> 01:32:06,488
A BROKEN SYSTEM?
3220
01:32:06,488 --> 01:32:08,390
WITH HIS LEGAL CASE, THE ANSWER
3221
01:32:08,390 --> 01:32:09,157
WAS SIMPLE.
3222
01:32:09,157 --> 01:32:11,026
HE REJECTS THE FINAL PLEA DEAL,
3223
01:32:11,026 --> 01:32:12,394
AND A TRIAL DATE IS SET.
3224
01:32:12,394 --> 01:32:14,162
AARON WAS RESOLUTE THAT HE
3225
01:32:14,162 --> 01:32:16,031
DIDN'T WANT TO KNUCKLE UNDER AND
3226
01:32:16,031 --> 01:32:17,666
ACCEPT SOMETHING THAT HE DIDN'T
3227
01:32:17,666 --> 01:32:19,401
BELIEVE WAS FAIR, BUT I ALSO
3228
01:32:19,401 --> 01:32:21,236
THINK HE WAS SCARED.
3229
01:32:32,180 --> 01:32:33,481
I DON'T THINK THEY WOULD HAVE
3230
01:32:33,481 --> 01:32:34,349
CONVICTED AARON.
3231
01:32:34,349 --> 01:32:35,751
I THINK WE WOULD HAVE WALKED HIM
3232
01:32:35,751 --> 01:32:37,219
OUT OF THAT COURTHOUSE AND I
3233
01:32:37,219 --> 01:32:38,553
WOULD HAVE GIVEN HIM A BIG HUG
3234
01:32:38,553 --> 01:32:40,122
AND WE WOULD HAVE WALKED ACROSS
3235
01:32:40,122 --> 01:32:41,523
THAT LITTLE RIVER IN BOSTON AND
3236
01:32:41,523 --> 01:32:44,092
GONE AND HAD A COUPLE OF BEERS.
3237
01:32:44,092 --> 01:32:45,327
* TO GO HOME
3238
01:32:45,327 --> 01:32:46,762
I REALLY THOUGHT THAT WE WERE
3239
01:32:46,762 --> 01:32:47,329
RIGHT.
3240
01:32:47,329 --> 01:32:48,764
I THOUGHT THAT WE WERE GONNA WIN
3241
01:32:48,764 --> 01:32:49,431
THE CASE.
3242
01:32:49,431 --> 01:32:50,799
I THOUGHT THAT WE COULD WIN THE
3243
01:32:50,799 --> 01:32:51,333
CASE.
3244
01:32:51,333 --> 01:32:52,735
HE DIDN'T TALK ABOUT IT VERY
3245
01:32:52,735 --> 01:32:54,202
MUCH, BUT YOU COULD SEE THE
3246
01:32:54,202 --> 01:32:55,604
ENORMOUS PAIN THAT HE WAS GOING
3247
01:32:55,604 --> 01:32:56,504
THROUGH.
3248
01:32:56,504 --> 01:33:00,575
* CAN'T BE FAR AWAY
3249
01:33:00,575 --> 01:33:02,410
NO TIME IN HIS CHILDHOOD DID
3250
01:33:02,410 --> 01:33:03,846
AARON HAVE ANY SEVERE MOOD
3251
01:33:03,846 --> 01:33:05,513
SWINGS OR, LIKE, DEPRESSIVE
3252
01:33:05,513 --> 01:33:07,215
EPISODES OR ANYTHING THAT I
3253
01:33:07,215 --> 01:33:08,550
WOULD DESCRIBE AS SEVERE
3254
01:33:08,550 --> 01:33:09,317
DEPRESSION.
3255
01:33:09,317 --> 01:33:11,153
AND IT'S POSSIBLE, YOU KNOW, HE
3256
01:33:11,153 --> 01:33:12,120
WAS DEPRESSED.
3257
01:33:12,120 --> 01:33:18,093
PEOPLE GET DEPRESSED.
3258
01:33:18,093 --> 01:33:19,527
VERY EARLY IN OUR
3259
01:33:19,527 --> 01:33:21,764
RELATIONSHIP, LIKE THREE OR FOUR
3260
01:33:21,764 --> 01:33:23,598
WEEKS IN OR SOMETHING, I
3261
01:33:23,598 --> 01:33:27,235
REMEMBER HIM SAYING TO ME...
3262
01:33:27,235 --> 01:33:29,171
THAT I WAS A LOT STRONGER THAN
3263
01:33:29,171 --> 01:33:29,705
HE WAS.
3264
01:33:29,705 --> 01:33:31,606
YOU KNOW, HE WAS BRITTLE IN A
3265
01:33:31,606 --> 01:33:32,540
LOT OF WAYS.
3266
01:33:32,540 --> 01:33:34,609
THINGS WERE A LOT HARDER FOR HIM
3267
01:33:34,609 --> 01:33:36,311
THAN FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE.
3268
01:33:36,311 --> 01:33:40,148
WAS PART OF HIS BRILLIANCE, TOO.
3269
01:33:40,148 --> 01:33:41,717
I THINK HE PROBABLY HAD
3270
01:33:41,717 --> 01:33:43,485
SOMETHING LIKE CLINICAL
3271
01:33:43,485 --> 01:33:45,553
DEPRESSION IN HIS EARLY 20's.
3272
01:33:45,553 --> 01:33:47,756
I DON'T THINK HE DID WHEN I WAS
3273
01:33:47,756 --> 01:33:48,657
WITH HIM.
3274
01:33:48,657 --> 01:33:50,759
HE WASN'T A JOYFUL PERSON, BUT
3275
01:33:50,759 --> 01:33:52,728
THAT'S DIFFERENT FROM BEING
3276
01:33:52,728 --> 01:33:55,731
DEPRESSED.
3277
01:33:55,731 --> 01:33:57,766
HE WAS JUST UNDER SUCH ENORMOUS
3278
01:33:57,766 --> 01:33:59,835
PRESSURE FOR TWO YEARS STRAIGHT.
3279
01:33:59,835 --> 01:34:01,804
HE JUST DIDN'T WANT TO DO IT
3280
01:34:01,804 --> 01:34:03,271
ANYMORE.
3281
01:34:03,271 --> 01:34:04,807
HE WAS JUST -- LIKE, I JUST
3282
01:34:04,807 --> 01:34:06,274
THINK IT WAS TOO MUCH.
3283
01:34:06,274 --> 01:34:11,680
* SIT QUIETLY
3284
01:34:11,680 --> 01:34:13,716
* ALONE
3285
01:34:13,716 --> 01:34:15,684
I GOT A PHONE CALL LATE AT
3286
01:34:15,684 --> 01:34:16,384
NIGHT.
3287
01:34:16,384 --> 01:34:18,220
I COULD TELL SOMETHING WAS
3288
01:34:18,220 --> 01:34:20,288
WRONG, AND THEN I CALLED, AND I
3289
01:34:20,288 --> 01:34:22,791
REALIZED WHAT HAD HAPPENED.
3290
01:34:22,791 --> 01:34:24,659
A CO-FOUNDER OF THE SOCIAL
3291
01:34:24,659 --> 01:34:26,594
NEWS AND ENTERTAINMENT WEBSITE
3292
01:34:26,594 --> 01:34:28,363
REDDIT HAS BEEN FOUND DEAD.
3293
01:34:28,363 --> 01:34:29,732
POLICE SAY 26-YEAR-OLD
3294
01:34:29,732 --> 01:34:31,533
AARON SWARTZ KILLED HIMSELF
3295
01:34:31,533 --> 01:34:33,235
YESTERDAY IN HIS BROOKLYN
3296
01:34:33,235 --> 01:34:33,869
APARTMENT.
3297
01:34:33,869 --> 01:34:35,670
[ RAIN PATTERING ]
3298
01:34:35,670 --> 01:34:37,205
[ THUNDER RUMBLES ]
3299
01:34:37,205 --> 01:34:40,876
I JUST THOUGHT, "WE'VE LOST
3300
01:34:40,876 --> 01:34:44,847
ONE OF THE MOST CREATIVE MINDS
3301
01:34:44,847 --> 01:34:46,148
OF OUR GENERATION.
3302
01:34:46,148 --> 01:34:47,682
IT WAS LIKE THE WHOLE WORLD
3303
01:34:47,682 --> 01:34:49,284
FELL APART AT THAT MOMENT.
3304
01:34:49,284 --> 01:34:54,790
UM...
3305
01:34:54,790 --> 01:34:55,590
[ SIGHS ]
3306
01:34:55,590 --> 01:34:57,625
IT WAS ONE OF THE HARDEST NIGHTS
3307
01:34:57,625 --> 01:34:59,728
OF MY LIFE.
3308
01:34:59,728 --> 01:35:01,029
I KEPT SCREAMING, "I CAN'T
3309
01:35:01,029 --> 01:35:01,629
HEAR YOU.
3310
01:35:01,629 --> 01:35:02,497
WHAT DID YOU SAY?
3311
01:35:02,497 --> 01:35:05,267
I CAN'T HEAR YOU."
3312
01:35:05,267 --> 01:35:06,935
[ SIGHS ]
3313
01:35:06,935 --> 01:35:12,640
I CAN'T. THAT'S IT.
3314
01:35:12,640 --> 01:35:16,444
[ SNIFFLES ]
3315
01:35:16,444 --> 01:35:19,314
UH...
3316
01:35:19,314 --> 01:35:20,949
LIKE, YEAH, NONE OF IT MADE ANY
3317
01:35:20,949 --> 01:35:21,583
SENSE.
3318
01:35:21,583 --> 01:35:23,819
IT REALLY STILL DOESN'T.
3319
01:35:23,819 --> 01:35:26,388
I WAS SO FRUSTRATED AND
3320
01:35:26,388 --> 01:35:29,424
ANGRY.
3321
01:35:29,424 --> 01:35:31,994
[ INHALES SHAKILY ]
3322
01:35:31,994 --> 01:35:37,299
[ EXHALES DEEPLY ]
3323
01:35:37,299 --> 01:35:38,934
YOU KNOW, I TRIED TO EXPLAIN IT
3324
01:35:38,934 --> 01:35:42,871
TO MY KIDS.
3325
01:35:42,871 --> 01:35:44,672
MY 3-YEAR-OLD TOLD ME THAT THE
3326
01:35:44,672 --> 01:35:51,413
DOCTORS WOULD FIX HIM.
3327
01:35:51,413 --> 01:35:52,781
I'VE KNOWN LOTS OF PEOPLE THAT
3328
01:35:52,781 --> 01:35:54,316
HAVE DIED, BUT I'VE NEVER LOST
3329
01:35:54,316 --> 01:35:55,283
ANYBODY LIKE THIS.
3330
01:35:55,283 --> 01:35:56,318
[ SNIFFLES ]
3331
01:35:56,318 --> 01:35:58,653
BECAUSE EVERYBODY FEELS -- AND I
3332
01:35:58,653 --> 01:36:00,923
DO, TOO -- THERE'S SO MUCH WE
3333
01:36:00,923 --> 01:36:02,891
COULD HAVE -- MORE TO DO.
3334
01:36:02,891 --> 01:36:04,893
LIKE, I JUST DIDN'T KNOW HE WAS
3335
01:36:04,893 --> 01:36:05,593
THERE.
3336
01:36:05,593 --> 01:36:07,562
I DIDN'T KNOW THIS WAS WHAT HE
3337
01:36:07,562 --> 01:36:10,765
WAS SUFFERING AND...
3338
01:36:10,765 --> 01:36:15,770
HE WAS PART OF ME.
3339
01:36:15,770 --> 01:36:17,772
AND I JUST WANTED IT TO NOT BE
3340
01:36:17,772 --> 01:36:19,007
REAL.
3341
01:36:19,007 --> 01:36:23,678
AND THEN...
3342
01:36:23,678 --> 01:36:25,247
AND THEN I JUST LOOKED AT HIS
3343
01:36:25,247 --> 01:36:26,614
WIKIPEDIA PAGE, AND I SAW THE
3344
01:36:26,614 --> 01:36:32,520
END DATE.
3345
01:36:32,520 --> 01:36:35,223
"TO 2013."
3346
01:36:43,031 --> 01:36:45,400
"AARON IS DEAD.
3347
01:36:45,400 --> 01:36:47,635
WANDERERS IN THIS CRAZY WORLD,
3348
01:36:47,635 --> 01:36:49,804
WE HAVE LOST A MENTOR, A WISE
3349
01:36:49,804 --> 01:36:50,572
ELDER.
3350
01:36:50,572 --> 01:36:52,975
HACKERS FOR RIGHT, WE ARE ONE
3351
01:36:52,975 --> 01:36:53,775
DOWN.
3352
01:36:53,775 --> 01:36:56,478
WE'VE LOST ONE OF OUR OWN.
3353
01:36:56,478 --> 01:36:59,647
NURTURERS, CARERS, LISTENERS,
3354
01:36:59,647 --> 01:37:02,918
FEEDERS, PARENTS ALL, WE HAVE
3355
01:37:02,918 --> 01:37:04,887
LOST A CHILD.
3356
01:37:04,887 --> 01:37:06,721
LET US ALL WEEP."
3357
01:37:14,329 --> 01:37:16,098
MY FIRST THOUGHT WAS, "WHAT
3358
01:37:16,098 --> 01:37:17,799
IF NOBODY EVEN NOTICES?"
3359
01:37:17,799 --> 01:37:19,868
YOU KNOW, 'CAUSE IT WASN'T CLEAR
3360
01:37:19,868 --> 01:37:23,738
TO ME HOW SALIENT HE WAS.
3361
01:37:23,738 --> 01:37:26,574
I HAD NEVER SEEN ANYTHING
3362
01:37:26,574 --> 01:37:28,676
QUITE LIKE THE OUTPOURING I SAW.
3363
01:37:28,676 --> 01:37:30,378
THE NET JUST LIT UP.
3364
01:37:30,378 --> 01:37:32,380
I MEAN, EVERYONE WAS TRYING
3365
01:37:32,380 --> 01:37:34,883
TO -- TO EXPLAIN IT IN THEIR OWN
3366
01:37:34,883 --> 01:37:37,519
WAY, BUT I'VE NEVER SEEN PEOPLE
3367
01:37:37,519 --> 01:37:39,621
GRIEVE ON TWITTER BEFORE.
3368
01:37:39,621 --> 01:37:41,089
PEOPLE WERE VISIBLY GRIEVING
3369
01:37:41,089 --> 01:37:45,460
ONLINE.
3370
01:37:45,460 --> 01:37:47,362
HE WAS THE INTERNET'S OWN
3371
01:37:47,362 --> 01:37:48,897
BOY.
3372
01:37:48,897 --> 01:37:54,937
AND THE OLD WORLD KILLED HIM.
3373
01:37:54,937 --> 01:37:56,738
WE ARE STANDING IN THE MIDDLE
3374
01:37:56,738 --> 01:37:58,473
OF A TIME WHEN GREAT INJUSTICE
3375
01:37:58,473 --> 01:38:01,209
IS NOT TOUCHED.
3376
01:38:01,209 --> 01:38:03,111
ARCHITECTS OF THE FINANCIAL
3377
01:38:03,111 --> 01:38:05,113
MELTDOWN HAVE DINNER WITH THE
3378
01:38:05,113 --> 01:38:06,648
PRESIDENT REGULARLY.
3379
01:38:06,648 --> 01:38:08,583
THE MIDDLE OF THAT TIME, THE
3380
01:38:08,583 --> 01:38:10,986
IDEA THAT THIS WAS WHAT THE
3381
01:38:10,986 --> 01:38:14,056
GOVERNMENT HAD TO PROSECUTE...
3382
01:38:14,056 --> 01:38:16,558
JUST SEEMS ABSURD, IF IT WEREN'T
3383
01:38:16,558 --> 01:38:17,392
TRAGIC.
3384
01:38:17,392 --> 01:38:19,694
THE QUESTION IS, "CAN WE DO
3385
01:38:19,694 --> 01:38:22,030
SOMETHING GIVEN WHAT'S HAPPENED
3386
01:38:22,030 --> 01:38:24,099
TO MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER
3387
01:38:24,099 --> 01:38:25,900
PLACE?
3388
01:38:25,900 --> 01:38:27,102
AND HOW CAN WE FURTHER THAT
3389
01:38:27,102 --> 01:38:27,702
LEGACY?"
3390
01:38:27,702 --> 01:38:29,071
THAT'S THE ONLY QUESTION ONE CAN
3391
01:38:29,071 --> 01:38:32,807
ASK.
3392
01:38:32,807 --> 01:38:34,676
ALL OVER THE WORLD, THERE
3393
01:38:34,676 --> 01:38:36,611
WERE STARTING TO BE HACKATHONS
3394
01:38:36,611 --> 01:38:37,679
AND GATHERINGS.
3395
01:38:37,679 --> 01:38:39,714
AARON SWARTZ HAS, IN SOME SENSE,
3396
01:38:39,714 --> 01:38:41,916
BROUGHT THE BEST OUT OF US IN
3397
01:38:41,916 --> 01:38:44,152
TRYING TO SAY, "HOW DO WE FIX
3398
01:38:44,152 --> 01:38:46,921
THIS?"
3399
01:38:46,921 --> 01:38:49,124
HE WAS, IN MY HUMBLE OPINION,
3400
01:38:49,124 --> 01:38:51,126
ONE OF THE TRUE EXTRAORDINARY
3401
01:38:51,126 --> 01:38:52,961
REVOLUTIONARIES THAT THIS
3402
01:38:52,961 --> 01:38:54,596
COUNTRY HAS PRODUCED.
3403
01:38:54,596 --> 01:38:56,798
I DON'T KNOW WHETHER AARON
3404
01:38:56,798 --> 01:38:59,101
WAS DEFEATED OR VICTORIOUS, BUT
3405
01:38:59,101 --> 01:39:01,636
WE ARE CERTAINLY SHAPED BY THE
3406
01:39:01,636 --> 01:39:03,972
HAND OF THE THINGS THAT HE
3407
01:39:03,972 --> 01:39:05,573
WRESTLED WITH.
3408
01:39:05,573 --> 01:39:07,709
WHEN WE TURN ARMED AGENTS OF
3409
01:39:07,709 --> 01:39:09,711
THE LAW ON CITIZENS TRYING TO
3410
01:39:09,711 --> 01:39:11,746
INCREASE ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE,
3411
01:39:11,746 --> 01:39:13,781
WE'VE BROKEN THE RULE OF LAW.
3412
01:39:13,781 --> 01:39:15,850
WE'VE DESECRATED THE TEMPLE OF
3413
01:39:15,850 --> 01:39:16,684
JUSTICE.
3414
01:39:16,684 --> 01:39:19,554
AARON SWARTZ WAS NOT A CRIMINAL.
3415
01:39:19,554 --> 01:39:20,855
[ APPLAUSE ]
3416
01:39:20,855 --> 01:39:23,091
CHANGE DOES NOT ROLL IN ON THE
3417
01:39:23,091 --> 01:39:24,993
WHEELS OF INEVITABILITY.
3418
01:39:24,993 --> 01:39:27,062
IT COMES THROUGH CONTINUOUS
3419
01:39:27,062 --> 01:39:29,197
STRUGGLE.
3420
01:39:29,197 --> 01:39:31,933
AARON REALLY COULD DO MAGIC.
3421
01:39:31,933 --> 01:39:33,535
AND I'M DEDICATED TO MAKING SURE
3422
01:39:33,535 --> 01:39:34,902
THAT HIS MAGIC DOESN'T END WITH
3423
01:39:34,902 --> 01:39:35,603
HIS DEATH.
3424
01:39:35,603 --> 01:39:37,005
HE BELIEVED THAT HE COULD CHANGE
3425
01:39:37,005 --> 01:39:37,705
THE WORLD.
3426
01:39:37,705 --> 01:39:40,008
AND HE WAS RIGHT.
3427
01:39:40,008 --> 01:39:41,876
OUT OF THE LAST WEEK AND OUT OF
3428
01:39:41,876 --> 01:39:43,478
TODAY, FENCES ARE ALREADY
3429
01:39:43,478 --> 01:39:43,978
RISING.
3430
01:39:43,978 --> 01:39:46,148
[ APPLAUSE ]
3431
01:39:46,148 --> 01:39:48,516
SINCE SWARTZ'S DEATH,
3432
01:39:48,516 --> 01:39:50,018
REPRESENTATIVE ZOE LOFGREN AND
3433
01:39:50,018 --> 01:39:51,219
SENATOR RON WYDEN HAVE
3434
01:39:51,219 --> 01:39:52,820
INTRODUCED LEGISLATION THAT
3435
01:39:52,820 --> 01:39:53,788
WOULD REFORM THE
3436
01:39:53,788 --> 01:39:55,490
COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE ACT,
3437
01:39:55,490 --> 01:39:57,059
THE OUTDATED LAW THAT FORMED THE
3438
01:39:57,059 --> 01:39:59,127
MAJORITY OF THE CHARGES AGAINST
3439
01:39:59,127 --> 01:39:59,894
SWARTZ.
3440
01:39:59,894 --> 01:40:02,764
IT'S CALLED AARON'S LAW.
3441
01:40:02,764 --> 01:40:04,032
AARON BELIEVED THAT, LIKE,
3442
01:40:04,032 --> 01:40:05,633
YOU LITERALLY OUGHT TO BE ASKING
3443
01:40:05,633 --> 01:40:06,968
YOURSELF ALL OF THE TIME, "WHAT
3444
01:40:06,968 --> 01:40:08,236
IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING I
3445
01:40:08,236 --> 01:40:09,771
CAN BE WORKING ON IN THE WORLD
3446
01:40:09,771 --> 01:40:10,238
RIGHT NOW?
3447
01:40:10,238 --> 01:40:11,673
AND IF YOU'RE NOT WORKING ON
3448
01:40:11,673 --> 01:40:12,740
THAT, WHY AREN'T YOU?"
3449
01:40:12,740 --> 01:40:15,577
[ PROTESTORS CHANTING ]
3450
01:40:32,894 --> 01:40:34,896
I WISH WE COULD CHANGE THE
3451
01:40:34,896 --> 01:40:36,231
PAST, BUT WE CANNOT.
3452
01:40:36,231 --> 01:40:38,533
BUT WE COULD CHANGE THE FUTURE,
3453
01:40:38,533 --> 01:40:39,301
AND WE MUST.
3454
01:40:39,301 --> 01:40:41,069
WE MUST DO SO FOR AARON.
3455
01:40:41,069 --> 01:40:43,171
WE MUST DO SO FOR OURSELVES.
3456
01:40:43,171 --> 01:40:45,607
WE MUST DO SO TO MAKE OUR WORLD
3457
01:40:45,607 --> 01:40:47,775
A BETTER PLACE, A MORE HUMANE
3458
01:40:47,775 --> 01:40:49,877
PLACE, A PLACE WHERE JUSTICE
3459
01:40:49,877 --> 01:40:52,013
WORKS AND ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE
3460
01:40:52,013 --> 01:40:53,815
BECOMES A HUMAN RIGHT.
3461
01:40:53,815 --> 01:40:56,551
SO, THERE WAS A KID BACK IN
3462
01:40:56,551 --> 01:40:58,786
FEBRUARY FROM BALTIMORE --
3463
01:40:58,786 --> 01:41:03,691
14 YEARS OLD -- WHO HAD ACCESS
3464
01:41:03,691 --> 01:41:05,193
TO JSTOR, AND HE'D BEEN
3465
01:41:05,193 --> 01:41:07,229
SPELUNKING THROUGH JSTOR AFTER
3466
01:41:07,229 --> 01:41:09,030
READING SOMETHING, AND HE
3467
01:41:09,030 --> 01:41:10,932
FIGURED OUT A WAY TO DO EARLY
3468
01:41:10,932 --> 01:41:14,302
TESTS FOR PANCREATIC CANCER.
3469
01:41:14,302 --> 01:41:16,003
AND PANCREATIC CANCER KILLS THE
3470
01:41:16,003 --> 01:41:17,572
SHIT OUT OF YOU, BECAUSE WE
3471
01:41:17,572 --> 01:41:18,806
DETECT IT WAY TOO LATE.
3472
01:41:18,806 --> 01:41:20,275
BY THE TIME WE DETECT IT, IT'S
3473
01:41:20,275 --> 01:41:21,843
WAY TOO LATE TO DO ANYTHING
3474
01:41:21,843 --> 01:41:22,344
ABOUT IT.
3475
01:41:22,344 --> 01:41:25,613
AND HE SENT E-MAILS OFF TO THE
3476
01:41:25,613 --> 01:41:26,848
ENTIRE ONCOLOGY DEPARTMENT AT
3477
01:41:26,848 --> 01:41:27,949
JOHNS HOPKINS -- YOU KNOW,
3478
01:41:27,949 --> 01:41:29,251
HUNDREDS OF THEM -- AND EVERY--
3479
01:41:29,251 --> 01:41:30,051
14-YEAR-OLD?
3480
01:41:30,051 --> 01:41:31,153
14-YEAR-OLD KID, YEAH.
3481
01:41:31,153 --> 01:41:32,287
AND MOST OF THEM IGNORED IT,
3482
01:41:32,287 --> 01:41:32,820
RIGHT?
3483
01:41:32,820 --> 01:41:34,156
BUT ONE OF THEM, LIKE, SENT HIM
3484
01:41:34,156 --> 01:41:35,590
AN E-MAIL BACK AND SAID, "THIS
3485
01:41:35,590 --> 01:41:36,858
IS NOT AN ENTIRELY STUPID IDEA.
3486
01:41:36,858 --> 01:41:38,059
WHY DON'T YOU COME ON OVER?"
3487
01:41:38,059 --> 01:41:39,661
AND THIS KID WORKED EVENINGS AND
3488
01:41:39,661 --> 01:41:41,028
WEEKENDS WITH THIS RESEARCHER.
3489
01:41:41,028 --> 01:41:42,597
AND IN FEBRUARY, I HEARD HIM ON
3490
01:41:42,597 --> 01:41:44,031
THE NEWS, JUST A COUPLE OF WEEKS
3491
01:41:44,031 --> 01:41:45,600
AFTER AARON DIED WHEN AARON WAS
3492
01:41:45,600 --> 01:41:50,305
IN THE NEWS A LOT.
3493
01:41:50,305 --> 01:41:52,307
SORRY.
3494
01:41:52,307 --> 01:41:54,676
[ Voice breaking ] AND HE SAID
3495
01:41:54,676 --> 01:41:56,978
THE REASON HE WAS ON THE NEWS IS
3496
01:41:56,978 --> 01:41:58,746
'CAUSE THEY'D DONE IT.
3497
01:41:58,746 --> 01:42:00,715
THEY WERE SHIPPING AN EARLY TEST
3498
01:42:00,715 --> 01:42:02,317
FOR PANCREATIC CANCER THAT WAS
3499
01:42:02,317 --> 01:42:03,418
GONNA SAVE LIVES.
3500
01:42:03,418 --> 01:42:06,120
AND HE SAID, "THIS IS WHY WHAT
3501
01:42:06,120 --> 01:42:09,924
AARON DID WAS SO IMPORTANT."
3502
01:42:09,924 --> 01:42:11,726
BECAUSE YOU NEVER KNOW, RIGHT?
3503
01:42:11,726 --> 01:42:13,328
THIS TRUTH OF THE UNIVERSE IS
3504
01:42:13,328 --> 01:42:14,862
NOT ONLY SOMETHING THAT
3505
01:42:14,862 --> 01:42:16,698
POLICYMAKERS USE TO FIGURE OUT,
3506
01:42:16,698 --> 01:42:18,333
YOU KNOW, WHAT THE SPEED LIMIT
3507
01:42:18,333 --> 01:42:19,133
SHOULD BE.
3508
01:42:19,133 --> 01:42:20,935
IT'S WHERE THE THING THAT'S
3509
01:42:20,935 --> 01:42:22,904
GONNA KEEP, YOU KNOW, YOUR KID
3510
01:42:22,904 --> 01:42:24,906
FROM DYING OF PANCREATIC CANCER
3511
01:42:24,906 --> 01:42:25,807
COMES FROM.
3512
01:42:25,807 --> 01:42:27,942
AND WITHOUT ACCESS, THE PERSON
3513
01:42:27,942 --> 01:42:30,144
WHO MIGHT COME UP WITH THE THING
3514
01:42:30,144 --> 01:42:32,380
THAT'S GOT YOUR NUMBER ON IT MAY
3515
01:42:32,380 --> 01:42:35,250
NEVER FIND THAT ANSWER.
3516
01:42:35,250 --> 01:42:38,253
"HE SLEEP SO WELL, HE DIDN'T
3517
01:42:38,253 --> 01:42:42,657
FALL OUT OF BED ONCE, NOT EVEN
3518
01:42:42,657 --> 01:42:45,327
WHEN HE DREAMED HE WAS BACK ON
3519
01:42:45,327 --> 01:42:47,762
THE SPACECRAFT."
3520
01:42:47,762 --> 01:42:49,197
VERY GOOD, AARON!
3521
01:42:49,197 --> 01:42:50,932
VERY GOOD! YAY, AARON!
3522
01:42:50,932 --> 01:42:53,000
OKAY!
3523
01:42:53,000 --> 01:42:57,239
NOW IT'S SONG TIME.
3524
01:42:57,239 --> 01:43:00,074
[ SOFT GUITAR MUSIC PLAYING ]
216619