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Korea will become

an economic power
100 years ahead of schedule.

At the time, this was huge.

"Finally, we're the world's best!"

First of all, we have news
that is both shocking and devastating.

The audience's hopes
and ambitions are high…

When sorrows form in my heart

Drop by drop

In the morning, I climb up a hill…

My day-to-day life in this desert

and listening to this music

gives a lot of meaning
to the life I have lived.

The sweltering midday heat

Is a trial for me

I am going now

Going into the barren wilderness

Leaving my sorrows behind

I am going now

And perhaps in the eyes of others,

much like the history of Korea,

the history of what I did

in the past

contains both pain and glory.

But these are things that can't be erased.

All of that was me.

This is the reception area
of our main building.

The portraits you are looking at

are of the key leaders of the UAE.

Sheikh Zayed,

the current president, Sheikh Khalifa,

Crown Prince Sheikh Mohamed,

and our big boss, Sheikh Mansour.

Welcome!

Hello!

How are you?

Are you doing fine?

I suppose you could

call me several things.

I was once the best lecturer

at Seoul National University.

But at one point,

I'm sure they thought of me

as an embarrassment.

I'm sure they are
fully aware of everything about me

in this country as well.

But still, they are ready
to fully support me.

Inshallah.

In this place, we have

six cloned baby camels.

Among them,

the black ones are beauty camels.

Next, the baby that was born yesterday

and the white camel over there
are both racing camels.

And sometime tonight,

a third racing camel
is expected to be born.

Among those criticizing
cloning technology,

some insist that cloning is against
God's order or authority of creation

and that it's an attempt to play God.

Cloning is not that kind of technology.

What cloning does is copy genetically.

Such imaginative tales
about genetic cloning

have already been disproven by history.

Decades have passed already.

In this whole wide world,

has a Frankenstein ever been born?

No, not yet.

Every time I see such a creature,

I feel the greatness
of science and technology,

a sense of awe at how much
it can contribute to humanity,

and great pride in it as well.

Now, let us introduce the cloned calf,

known as the "super calf."

The mooing of the cloned calf
was loud and strong from birth.

After eight years of research,
Professor Hwang's team

created the cloned calf using
cell nuclear transfer techniques

in his lab at Seoul National University.

When it's ready to be applied
to domestic livestock farms in Korea,

there will be huge savings on imports
of about 700 billion won,

creating added value
of about 1,500 billion won per year.

At the time,
the public did not know who he was.

He was merely a professor
at Seoul National University.

Since calves were expensive,
it was huge news

when Hwang Woo-suk
succeeded in cloning a cow.

So they called him and arranged a meeting

between him and the president.

This was possible
because it was Professor Hwang.

But in reality, that wasn't possible
for an ordinary person or scientist.

It was decided that it would be
a wonderful scientific event

if South Korean technology
could clone the Korean tiger,

which was a gift from the North.

And Hwang grasped the opportunity.

The process of cloning the Korean tiger

-sounds technically complicated.
-Yes.

Can a tiger be successfully cloned?

Yes, I am hoping to have
a cloned tiger by the year 2000.

I see.

With just that claim,

he could raise funding for his research
and attract public attention.

At the time,

there was no "Korean tiger"
in South Korea.

We had failed to breed them, so to speak.

But the Pyongyang Zoo had sent
Korean tigers to the South,

one male and one female,

through an animal exchange program,

and they remained alive.

At the start,

the easiest thing to obtain
was the pig egg.

It's easy to use pig eggs for surrogates.

So we attempted to inject

the Korean tiger donor cells
into the pig eggs.

In the next step,

we used cow eggs.

Once we'd confirmed
that initial development

was possible using the pig and the cow,

we moved on to domestic cats.

At the time,

we used both the tiger and the lion
as surrogate mothers.

One of the lions developed a hernia.

In other words,
the wound didn't heal after implantation,

and then the intestines came out,
ending up in the animal's death.

That's when we stopped the experiment.

This is science.

And some might think it's reckless,

but in science, you can't dismiss a path
just because it's reckless.

Through the process,

we obtain scientific data,

so nothing goes to waste.

It is an Afghan Hound,
and it is 101 days old as of today.

Dr. Hwang's success in dog cloning

is seen as the peak
of animal cloning research.

Snuppy is the world's first cloned dog.

Its name was created by combining

Seoul National University's initials
with the word "puppy."

American researchers
had tried for a long time

to clone a puppy named Missy,

but in the end, they failed.

I believe that the message
that this successful case sent

to others in the cloning field was huge.

The fact that we had succeeded
in cloning dogs meant

it would be possible to clone
almost any other animal

if given the necessary conditions
and the chance.

About 30 researchers
on Professor Hwang's team

work from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. on average.

The "chopstick technique"
involves piercing a delicate egg

and extracting the nucleus
in a split second.

Bioengineers around the world
are in awe of this technique.

Researchers from other countries
have slower hands.

Say if we were to do 100 in an hour,

their numbers would be much lower.

One day,

I heard from the UAE government

that there used to be
a symbolic camel named Mabrukan,

but about ten years ago,

it suddenly died.

They asked me

whether it would be possible to clone him,

so I told them.

"The probability is less than 1%."

In the end,

eleven years after his death,

eleven cloned Mabrukans were born.

They are now living here in the UAE
and being fondly cared for.

When brain function and heartbeat stop,

that is considered

the starting point of death,

but we think otherwise.

We don't consider an organism to be dead

until the body cells

lose the potential to be cultured

as a cell line.

This process being part of our profession,

we consider a single cell itself
as a unit of life.

In a way, one might consider grief

as a starting point for cloning.

"Although we can't guarantee success,

send over the tissues quickly."

Cloning technology

is not about copying something 100%.

It's a genetic and DNA copy
of the original,

not a copy of the phenotype.

There may be slight differences
from the original.

I think we have cloned,

roughly speaking,

over 1,600 in the family of dogs.

We have also cloned cows, pigs, wolves,

coyotes, cats, and horses.

There will come a time
when I can share the details.

I would like to express

my deep gratitude
to the many dignified women

who were willing to provide
their eggs for this study.

BEEP BEEP

YOU SHOULD CALL DR. HWANG

COPY OF MEDICAL RECORDS

DIFFICULTY BREATHING, ABDOMINAL BLOATING

29 COLLECTED

At the time,

we had many female researchers in the lab.

All of those female researchers

were called into Hwang's office.

He showed them the papers,
personally explained the contents,

then asked them to sign.

Most of the female researchers
in the lab signed the papers,

and Hwang collected them.

Funding for Professor Hwang's team

provided by the government
and private organizations

amounts to over 100 billion won.

This really proves your power.

Power? What power?

It just means our responsibility
has become that much greater.

DR. HWANG'S HUMAN EMBRYO CLONING PROCESS

WHIRRR

BEHOLD

GURGLE GURGLE

2002 FIFA WORLD CUP KOREA/JAPAN

At the time, Korea was transitioning
from being a developing country

to a developed country.

Naturally, such desires were very strong.

"We're no longer following others."

"Instead, we should be the ones
creating something new."

"We're among the world's best."

"It's high time that we had
the best technology,

the best science, and so on."

There was a great desire
for these things at the time.

The World Stem Cell Hub,
which will turn Korea into a mecca

for life science research worldwide,
opened today.

In the past, I was not a big help.

But now, I am helping out a little bit.

From this moment onward,
I will be sure to give my support.

As early as next month,

the hub will be registering patients
with incurable diseases.

I have a dream that I can get up
and throw away this wheelchair,

maybe get a walker or a brace…

At the time, the concept of stem cells
was still in its early days

and was not so well-known to the public.

So at the time,

it was introduced as something
that could do anything,

that could cure all diseases.

Because that's how it was introduced,

almost all patients
and people with disabilities

began to have big dreams
and came to depend on it.

Hallelujah,
my beloved disciples of Christ.

Have you been well this week?

"Who am I?"

"Where did I come from?"

All humans seek answers
to these questions.

And through the 19th and 20th centuries,

humans found answers in science.

Therefore,

humans have replaced God with science.

But is this truly possible?

My kid was involved
in a car accident in 2002.

He woke up after 24 days.

He had been in a coma.

After that,

his lower body was paralyzed
from the chest down.

Back then, Dr. Hwang asked
Gil Hospital for help.

He was looking for a patient

that would participate
in his stem cell research.

The doctor caring for Hyeon, my son,

asked if we were interested

in taking part in this.

So we visited Dr. Hwang's lab

upon his invitation.

I realized how incredible
Dr. Hwang's work was

and started to have some hope.

Kang Won-rae was a member
of a two-man dance group.

He was well-known for his dancing skills,

and he had built his career
as a backup dancer for a famous singer.

Even the name of the group was Clon.

I will help Mr. Kang Won-rae rise up

so that he may once again show us

the amazing dance skills
that he showed in the past.

They even put on that whole show.

I mean, he told a man in a wheelchair
that he would make him walk again.

That's what Jesus Christ said.

He told a pastor's son
that he would make him walk.

Who does he think he is, Jesus Christ?
What is going on?

You may be familiar with
Christopher Reeve,

the American actor who played Superman.

He said that he was well aware
of the work that Hwang was doing.

They released
a commemorative postage stamp.

A person sitting in a wheelchair
is depicted getting up

and starting to walk
in a continuous motion along the stamp.

Wow.

It was crazy.

How can a scientist say,
"I will make you walk"?

Scientists can't say that.

At the time, the most famous person
in the country was Park Ji-sung.

In today's terms, who would that be?

Culturally, it would be BTS.

Or Son Heung-min.

Professor Hwang had more influence
than all of these people combined.

Professor Hwang
of Seoul National University

won the first Scientist of the Year Award.

The Ministry of Science and Technology
unanimously chose Hwang as the winner

at the Palace Hotel in Seoul this morning.

For the next five years,

Hwang will receive three billion won
in research funding annually.

BAN DNA CLONING

PD NOTE

Some people reached out to PD Note
with heavy hearts.

They have shared their stories,
requesting anonymity.

I reported about Hwang
on PD Note around 2005.

It is an investigative reporting program
widely known in Korea,

and also number one in its category.

This was my first thought
when I received the tip-off.

Since it was about Dr. Hwang,
a university professor,

I thought that it would be about

sexual harassment of some sort.

The informant told us,

"I feel like I'm riding on the back
of a tiger that I can't get off of."

In the end,
they made up their mind to tip us off.

"I used to be
on Dr. Hwang's research team,

and I have an important
piece of information for you."

"I would like for us to meet in person
to talk about it."

As a producer and documentarian,

I think it's the job of a journalist

to reveal the truth,
no matter how uncomfortable it may be.

So I thought I'd go
and listen to the informant

to find out what this issue was,

and if it was serious enough…

The person who showed up

was Han Hak-soo,
who I'd never heard of before.

At the time, I had my guard up,

and I had to immediately gauge
whether I could trust this person or not.

When I got there, Mr. Ryu Young-joon

took me to a quiet room,
and before he said anything else,

this was the very first question
he asked me.

"Mr. Han, which is more important?
The truth or national interest?"

He then replied,

without hesitating for even a second,

"Truth itself is the national interest."

That was when I knew I could trust him.

There were illegal transactions
with regard to the eggs,

and with all those illegally traded eggs…

Neither Dr. Hwang nor I had any clue
about how to procure eggs

when we were first setting up
the experimental design for our article.

So I contacted all the labs in Korea
that used eggs in their research,

and I visited them myself
to assess the situation.

I asked them if they could provide us
with eggs for our research,

but they all refused.

They said they couldn't spare any
and that they couldn't help us

because what we were
trying to do was unethical.

That was their conclusion.

And Dr. Hwang was very offended.

After that, he went out
to meet these people in person

and filtered out those
who were willing to help.

He decided to work with MizMedi,

a maternity hospital
specializing in infertility treatment.

Professor Hwang Woo-suk has emphasized

that he has only used eggs
that were graciously donated by women

whenever the ethical problem of eggs
used in the study came up.

I have already expressed
to the foreign media

my deep and sincere gratitude
to those women.

I don't know them personally,

but they have willingly volunteered
to donate their precious eggs

to this research.

However, our investigation revealed
that Professor Hwang's claim was not true.

Over the past few months,

we have secured evidence
that more than 600 eggs

had been provided through trading.

The woman, who traded with
an egg broker she found on the Internet,

seemed to have no idea

that her eggs had been used
in Professor Hwang's research.

Another woman, who provided eggs twice
in Professor Hwang's research,

also admitted to selling her eggs
through brokers.

RECENT APPOINTMENTS
MATERNITY CLINIC

They recruited these young women
to provide their eggs

for 2.5 to 3 million won.

Are there any ethical issues when it comes
to the eggs used in the experiment?

Well…

Perhaps the eggs were bought?

We've never done such a thing.

Thank you, Professor Hwang.

-Have a great day.
-Thank you.

The number of eggs they illegally procured
by recruiting these women

is beyond our imagination.

My first report on the ethical issues

regarding the eggs that Dr. Hwang used

turned the country upside down.

Save Professor Hwang Woo-suk…

After the program aired,

Hwang's supporters surrounded
the MBC building night and day.

At night, they held candlelight vigils.

"Please ban PD Note from airing."

"Please stop PD Note
from reporting on Dr. Hwang Woo-suk."

All sorts of people came out
to these rallies to show their support,

including people with disabilities,
celebrities, and regular civilians.

PEOPLE IN SUPPORT OF HWANG WOO-SUK
JANUARY 11TH, GWANGHWAMUN, SEOUL

At the time, we'd go to Seoul every week.

My daughter was just six years old.

We'd go there,
and she'd be fine during the day.

But she would get sleepy at night,
then she would whine.

Then we have to get back
to the car, right?

I would carry her on my back.

Then the police would escort me
all the way to the car.

They asked me where I was from,
so I said I was from Cheongju.

Then they quietly commended me,
saying, "You're doing wonderful work."

The citizens are watching!

-The citizens are watching!
-The citizens are watching!

Let him continue his research!

-Let him continue his research!
-Let him continue his research!

My fellow Koreans,

the research we are currently conducting

is the world's first at every step.

I will continue along my path with only
the purest of scientific interests

to thank you for your unwavering support

and to fulfill the hopes of patients
with incurable diseases.

Dr. Hwang had an acute understanding
of the nation’s psyche

and the patriotic craze
around all of this.

That's why, two days after we aired
the broadcast on eggs,

he invited a whole swarm of journalists

and held a live press conference.

Frankly speaking,
I feel that if I were a woman,

I would have extracted my own eggs

to conduct my experiments.

This case shows us how
Korean society hastily puts results first,

pushing all other things to the periphery,

and how people can become swept up
in this dogmatic and fascist belief

that the truth can be overlooked
for the sake of the country.

"Why are you undermining
a promising scientist?"

"You should keep your mouth shut
for the country."

"They're developing technology
for the advancement of the country."

"Instead of helping the country,
you're always complaining."

Our pride, our hero

Our biotechnology amazed the world

Dr. Hwang, stay strong

Dr. Hwang, we love you

DR. HWANG IS KOREA'S HOPE AND FUTURE

I was completely shocked by the women
willingly offering to donate their eggs.

It was the first time I felt that
our society had really gone mad.

Because it usually goes like this.

A lot of eggs are needed for experiments,

and those eggs are extracted
from young women.

I heard that it's an excruciating process
to extract these eggs.

That's when I first felt like
we were like Germany in the 1930s.

The number of voluntary egg donors
for Dr. Hwang's research

has now surpassed 1,000.

They said that if there were
so many issues with obtaining eggs,

then they would volunteer

to donate their eggs.

So his supporters would hold
nationwide egg donation events.

Women from all walks of life
and families of people

with incurable diseases
and disabilities gathered together

to create a foundation for egg donations

needed for research.

If women understand the purpose and use

of egg donation
for research and treatment,

they will participate with their own will
and their own judgment.

We are all human beings after all.

We feel obliged to help
those who are less fortunate,

and we believe it's the right thing to do.

It was not easy.

It wasn't, but I…

I mean, it was research.

Research that couldn't be done
without eggs.

So I gladly offered…

I saw it as a seed of life.

I wanted to gladly donate my eggs.

It wasn't for the individual
Hwang Woo-suk,

but for the greater purpose of humankind.

-That was my intention back then.
-Doctor!

Come to Daegu!

-Please stay well, Dr. Hwang!
-Stay well!

Please stay strong! We will support you!

Reporters and Hwang's supporters
were already camping outside my place.

It would have been a disaster
if I went there.

I would have been beaten to death.

I received countless threats.

Some even threatened to kill me.

They threatened me
with all sorts of things.

I lived on the 13th floor
of a 15-story building.

Reporters from a broadcasting company
rappelled from the rooftop,

and they came into my place
through the window.

They took videos of my place,

and they broadcasted it
on the news that day.

A common criticism I received was,

"How could you betray a father figure?"

In South Korea,
officiating somebody's wedding

means you will be there for the couple
throughout the rest of their lives.

He asked me to be their officiant,
and I gladly obliged.

When his first child was born,

he asked me to be the godfather.

So I paid a visit to the hospital

and became the godfather
of the newborn child.

Later, I found out
that during that entire time,

he had been exchanging emails
with Producer Han Hak-soo of MBC.

It's not right for people to say
I betrayed my mentor,

who's not even family,
because I wasn't complicit in his lies.

That is not my definition of betrayal.

To scientists,

the word "betrayal" only applies

when we betray the truth.

According to the article
published in Science last May,

Professor Hwang's team
had successfully cultured

eleven stem cells in total.

However, doubts have been raised
within the research team

that the cells were contaminated

or were not even stem cells to begin with.

There was a scientist called Anonymous.

Well, he's not a scientist anymore.
He's a potato farmer now.

But he's someone who loves science.

At the time, he read Dr. Hwang's paper.

When he took another look,
he instantly realized that the images

of what were claimed to be stem cells
had been manipulated.

The additional cell lines

that Professor Hwang's team
claims to have established

will undergo DNA analysis to confirm

if they are actually patient-specific
cloned somatic stem cells.

23 SAMPLES ANALYZED
AT 3 RESEARCH INSTITUTES

Seoul National University,

currently re-evaluating
Professor Hwang's stem cell research,

will shortly be making
an interim announcement

on the fourth floor of SNU headquarters.

I was the leader of
the human research team back then,

so I had the raw data with me.

I had also personally written
the first draft of the Science article

and gave it to him for review.

He changed the raw data figures
right in front of me as he saw fit

as if he was exercising his authority.

He changed the numbers, just like that.

He lowered the failure rate
and raised the success rate.

He crossed out those percentages
with his red pen,

wrote down the numbers he wanted,

and instructed me to revise accordingly.

The 2005 scientific article reported

that eleven patient-specific
stem cell lines

were created from somatic cell cloning.

However, the truth is that
the data of these 11 stem cells

was fabricated from only two stem cells.

First of all, we have news
that's both shocking and devastating.

There was a testimony

that out of 11 of Professor Hwang's
embryonic stem cells,

at least nine are fake.

-What are your plans now?
-Please comment.

-Any comments?
-Give us a comment.

Please talk to my lawyer.

Just one word, please.

We were hoping it wouldn't be the case,

but the initial findings
from the SNU Internal Review Board

have left the whole nation feeling
devastated and dumbfounded.

I thought that whatever happened,
Dr. Hwang's stem cell research

was going to yield definitive results.

Although I was not sure
what went wrong in the process,

if Dr. Hwang had never worked on
creating my son's stem cells,

if he had never even attempted
the research to begin with,

then he'd be a truly terrible person.

We have charged Dr. Hwang Woo-suk

under the Act on the Aggravated Punishment
of Specific Economic Crimes

for fraud, embezzlement, and
violating the Bioethics and Safety Act.

The Seoul Central Prosecutors' Office
is filled with wailing.

The police mobilized three units
to block access to the building

in case any of Dr. Hwang's supporters,
dissatisfied with the announcement,

displayed extreme behavior.

Soon after, PD Note finally aired.

I watched it together
with my son and my wife.

After the show,

my son turned left
to look at me and asked,

"Dad, does this mean I can't walk again?"

"God will definitely help you

achieve it."

"It's just that we believe in God,
not people."

"So there's no need to despair
because of this."

Then my son said,

"Dad,

I feel the same."

And then he cried.

Not long after the PD Note incident

about Dr. Hwang,

my son…

fell into a coma.

I ask for forgiveness.

I feel ashamed to the extent
that it's hard to even apologize.

Considering the amount of love, support,
and expectations you had for me,

I have no right to be here.

I admit to everything, and once again,
I would like to express my apologies.

This affair was a great lesson

and became a milestone

not only for me

but also for the scientific community

of Korea and the rest of the world.

It'd be cowardly of me to use pressure
as an excuse to justify my actions.

Who would have pressured me
to do the things I did?

That's just a cowardly excuse.

This happened
because I was overly ambitious.

There is no one else to blame.

Looking back on it all,

if I were to be born again

and given another chance
to choose the path of my life,

I would take the same path.

Thank you so much for the invitation.

It was an exploration
in the summer of 2012

in the Kazachye region,
which is in Northeast Siberia.

At the time, I was the most disgraced

I'd ever been in my scientific career.

I was recommended for this expedition
after indescribable hardships.

I knew that if I didn't produce
any results from this exploration,

I would never be given
another opportunity like this.

All the walls are covered in ice crystals.

This is where we found
the elbow bone of the young mammoth.

This cave did not occur naturally.

The mammoth hunters
would spray water at high pressures

and form the cave bit by bit.

The hunters only cared about
obtaining the mammoth's ivory.

On the other hand, we were there
for the samples, not the ivory.

We were told that the cave was potentially
dangerous as it could collapse.

Okay.

-Here it is.
-Sir, we need to go.

-We have to leave.
-Why?

Because…

The entrance is collapsing right now.

-Really?
-Yes.

If the cave had collapsed,
everyone inside would have perished.

There would have been no way to save us.
Everyone would have died.

At the time,

I was ready to give my life.

I was firmly committed to that.

I've lived long enough,

and I went there

for the purpose of fulfilling
a scientific goal.

So if my life was cut short there,

it would still be meaningful.

This small room has enough
high-precision equipment

to complete the first steps
toward the creation of a mammoth clone.

Overseeing the process was a professor

at Sooam Korean Biomedical
Technology Foundation, Hwang Woo-suk.

Among the samples we obtained,

we found muscle samples
with traces of blood.

That was the moment we thought

that we could finally realize our dream.

And these are what were captured
of that moment.

If we could find a single living cell,
then that was it.

If the mammoth project is successful,

and if the Russian government
agrees to it,

I want to put a few mammoths in the DMZ

to create a "mammoth belt"
between South Korea and North Korea.

It would be the beginning
of the reunification of the two countries.

The initiation of it all.

Korea is the country where I was born.

I feel at ease
every time I come back from abroad,

even if it's only once or twice a year.

Pastor Kim.

-My goodness.
-Welcome.

How have you been?

Goodness.

Pastor Kim.

You haven't aged a bit.

Neither have you.

Let's go in.

You seem younger.

I have been wanting to see you.

Hyeon is someone I can never forget.

The noble promises I made with him.

I hope that you continue to keep

the promise you made to Hyeon

in your heart as you've done so far.

There are so many
other Hyeons out there, right?

-Yes, there are.
-There are so many of them.

I believe

they have given you
a mission to help them.

Among those criticizing
cloning technology,

some insist that cloning is against
God's order or authority of creation

and that it's an attempt

to play God.

But how can anyone dare claim

that only God has that right?

Subtitle translation by: Hyea-jin Lee