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[narrator] Italian ruinsthat brought war
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to the big screen.
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[Lynette]
And the fear must've been
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reeking outof everybody's pores,
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they weren't
in Hollywood anymore.
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[narrator] A striking relic
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hidden in a Scottish forest.
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[Jim] You come upon
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this, kind of, mind blowingset of buildings
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that don't look like anything
you would expect to see here.
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that don't look like anything
you would expect to see here.
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[narrator] And an isolateddesert town in Chile
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where progressturned to horror.
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[Alicia]
Over time that isolation
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was mobilized for different
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and more sinister purposes.
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[intense music playing]
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[narrator] Decaying relics.
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Ruins of lost worlds.
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Sights haunted by the past,
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Sights haunted by the past,
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their secrets waitingto be revealed.
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Hidden deep withina Scottish forest
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is an enchanting structurewith uncertain origins.
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[tense music playing]
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[Sascha] As you approachthrough the forest
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and across this old bridge,
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and across this old bridge,
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you start to catch glimpses
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of something massive
and stark.
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[Rob]
And then out of the foliage
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emerges something
almost otherworldly.
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[narrator] It's bold designand strange mix of spaces
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seems to defy explanation.
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[Jim] With its stacksof concrete floors,
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part of it lookeda little bit
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like a high-tech
parking garage
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like a high-tech
parking garage
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but maybe one that survived
a neutron bomb.
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[Sascha]
These semi-dome structures
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looked like fingerspointing upwards,
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almost as if their hands
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cradling the structure
from each side.
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[Rob] At the end of thislarge open hall,
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with a dappled lightbeaming in,
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it really does feel like
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a magical spiritual space.
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[Diane] The architects wantsit to become a work of art
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[Diane] The architects wantsit to become a work of art
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rather than just
a utilitarian structure.
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[narrator] But was it cursedright from the start?
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[Sascha] This was a placeof great hope
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but it barely lasteda blink of an eye
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before it was abandoned.
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[ominous music playing]
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[narrator] Today,this place is known to many
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as nothing morethan a spellbinding ruin.
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Architectural historianDiane Watters
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has spent 25 years uncoveringits lost story.
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[Diane] What it is now
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is so unrelatedto what it originally was.
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It has become like a mythical
romantic ruin
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of international status
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and it's become
a focus of artist,
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and writers, and historians.
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[Rob] This is one of, if not,
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the most famous modernbuildings in Scotland,
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the most famous modernbuildings in Scotland,
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yet a few people even know
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what it was used for.
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[narrator] Amongst allthe angular concrete
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and cavernous interiors,
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there were something herethat feels out of place.
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[Sascha] Right at the backof the main structure
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are these foundations
of what looks to have been
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quite a grand building
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but they seemed strangelyclose together.
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but they seemed strangelyclose together.
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[Diane] You know,I first came here in 1994
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while this building
was still standing.
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Then after 1994it was actually
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burnt down completely.
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And then,once this building had gone,
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the design rationale
for the whole extension
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had disappeared
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and then modern extension
stands on its own.
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[narrator] These twodisparate structures
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were linkedby a great belief.
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Well, this is where the story
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of St. Peter's Cardross began
in 1948
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of St. Peter's Cardross began
in 1948
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when it was the first home
of the training of the priests
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for the Catholic Church.
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[narrator]
After the Second World War,
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the number of young mensigning up
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to a life in the churchwas on the rise.
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[Jim] It was decidedthat they needed
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a new bigger school
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for all the people
they expected
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to be trainingfor the priesthood.
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[Sascha] And there wasan immense sense
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of optimism amongstchurch officers.
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of optimism amongstchurch officers.
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And this structurewas meant to be
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the physical embodiment
of that future.
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[narrator]
Construction began in 1961
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but behind thisfuturistic design
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lies an ancient concept.
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The layout is actually based
on the historic building.
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So the idea was
to create a cloister,
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uh, kind ofMedieval-like cloister
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around the historicbuilding.
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This function seems
almost ancient and monastic
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This function seems
almost ancient and monastic
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and its architectural forms
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are stunningly modern.
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So this just kind of contrast
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between the style
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and the function
of the building.
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[Sascha] The main buildingis a key element
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that forms a courtyard
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with the wingsangling off of it.
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And all the different parts
of the college
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were supposed to interact
with this original building.
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[narrator]
The first trainee priests
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[narrator]
The first trainee priests
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arrived here in 1966.
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Much of their timewas focused
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on contemplation and prayer.
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[Diane] These are what are
commonly called the fingers
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but actually
they are site chapels
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for the trainee priests
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to have private prayer.
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[narrator]
And this cavernous space
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at the heart of the complex
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was devotedto the main service,
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mass.
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[solemn music playing]
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[solemn music playing]
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[Diane]
Here we are in the middle
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of what was the chapel,the main chapel,
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what the architects called
"The Colonel"
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of the whole complex.
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The sites here, we would havethe trainee priests
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sitting in pews along here
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with the focus
on the main altar.
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[solemn music playing]
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[Jim] And that's the mostdramatic space in the complex
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highlighted by these
remarkable stone altars.
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highlighted by these
remarkable stone altars.
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[narrator]
But with its striking form
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came a problem.
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[Rob]
The building looks incredible
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and almost space-age in style
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but practically speaking
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it was in many ways
a disaster.
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[solemn music playing]
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[Diane]
Those fantastic accounts
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in the student magazineof coming down
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and this whole
central area of the...
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of the chapel
being underwater.
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of the chapel
being underwater.
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[Jim] What you also see hereis something that
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isn't that uncommon withgroundbreaking architecture,
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they still had a few bugsto work out.
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The heat didn't workthat well,
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the windows were coldand drafty,
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there were leaks, it was damp,
kind of moldy.
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[narrator]
Yet it wasn't design flaws
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that spelled disaster here.
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As if cursedfrom the very beginning,
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a once in a millenniumdecision
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would bring it allcrashing down.
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would bring it allcrashing down.
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[tense music playing]
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[narrator] In Scotland,
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a bold relicwith a holy history.
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[Rob] This was a priesttraining center,
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a sanctuary wheretrainee priests could live,
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study, and worship
secure from the outside world.
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[narrator]
But a momentous decision
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made over a thousandmiles away,
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doomed St. Peter's Seminary
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doomed St. Peter's Seminary
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before it even openedits doors
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and it camefrom the very top.
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[Sascha] During the SecondVatican Council
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which ran from 1962 to 1965,
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it was determinedthat the training of priests
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would be more a visible part
of the community.
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[Jim] They decided they shouldbe learning among the people
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they would ultimately serveas priest.
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So St. Peter's Seminary
didn't really reflect that.
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So St. Peter's Seminary
didn't really reflect that.
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[narrator]
As vast cultural changes
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swept across Europein the 1960s,
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the Catholic Church movedto bring themselves
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more in linewith the modern world.
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But with constructionalready underway,
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St. Peter'swould be left behind.
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[Jim] It was hereout in the woods,
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in this beautifulquiet setting
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but it certainly wasn't
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part of the community
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part of the community
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and engaged in public life,
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the way that priest
were now expected to be.
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[Diane] I interviewed priestswho taught here
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and what they said from
the very beginning is that
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there were far
too many altars,
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the ideas fromthe Second Vatican Council
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had been that you wereto preach together
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with the communityand groups of priests
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rather than solitary praying.
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So they almost
became redundant
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So they almost
became redundant
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from the very beginning.
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[Rob] By the timeit was finished,
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it was already out of date
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and basically
doomed to failure.
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[narrator]
St. Peter's limped on
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as a seminaryfor only 14 years.
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After it was abandoned
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and the old houseat its heart burned down,
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it becameits best known self,
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the beguiling ruinsin the forest.
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[Rob] It attracts visitorsfrom all over the world
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[Rob] It attracts visitorsfrom all over the world
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curious aboutits original purpose
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and it has a cult statusamong architects
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and urban explorers alike.
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[ominous music playing]
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[narrator] Today,after years of campaigning
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to preserve thisiconic structure,
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hope is on the horizon.
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[Jim] What do you do
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about a work of architecture
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about a work of architecture
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that was reallygroundbreaking
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and important in its time
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but never really deliveredits purpose,
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do you repurpose it?
Do you save it?
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Do you turn it
into something new?
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Not every ambitious buildingsucceeds
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in its initial purpose
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but that doesn't mean
they all need to be torn down.
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[Rob] Currentlya charitable trust
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is trying to develop
a new vision
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with education at its core.
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[narrator]
In the Italian mountains
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is a quiet town made famous
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on the silver screen.
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[tense music playing]
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[Jim] It all looks exactlylike what you'd expect
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central Italywould look like,
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olive groves,rolling hills, mountains,
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and beautiful old
historic villages.
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[Geoff] Except for thisItalian village
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it is a ghost town,
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we see the remains
of a battle-scarred church,
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we see the remains
of a battle-scarred church,
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and we see a sort oftumbled down homes and shops
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along theseold winding lanes.
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[Lynette]
As you move to the village
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you can see thatthe old stone houses
266
00:12:20,166 --> 00:12:23,367
have been absolutely smashed.
267
00:12:23,367 --> 00:12:25,300
You can still see fragments
268
00:12:25,367 --> 00:12:28,467
of what must have been
roof beams,
269
00:12:28,467 --> 00:12:30,200
or furniture,
270
00:12:30,266 --> 00:12:34,520
everything has becomea sort of chaotic ruin.
271
00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:34,567
everything has becomea sort of chaotic ruin.
272
00:12:36,100 --> 00:12:37,867
[narrator]
The story of this place
273
00:12:37,867 --> 00:12:40,567
is tied to a manwho came here
274
00:12:40,567 --> 00:12:41,900
80 years ago.
275
00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:46,900
[Lynette]
He was used to bending
276
00:12:46,967 --> 00:12:49,300
other people to his will.
277
00:12:49,367 --> 00:12:53,100
He was the ruler
of the crew
278
00:12:53,100 --> 00:12:55,467
and assaultedthe surrounding mountains.
279
00:12:56,900 --> 00:12:58,800
[narrator]
This chaotic village
280
00:12:58,867 --> 00:13:02,100
and its hard-nosed visitorset the stage
281
00:13:02,100 --> 00:13:04,166
for an audacious deception,
282
00:13:04,166 --> 00:13:04,520
one that would cementthis place
283
00:13:04,520 --> 00:13:05,000
one that would cementthis place
284
00:13:06,166 --> 00:13:07,967
in history forever.
285
00:13:12,300 --> 00:13:15,400
[dramatic music playing]
286
00:13:15,467 --> 00:13:18,900
[narrator] Historian,Gaetano De Angelis Curtis
287
00:13:18,967 --> 00:13:21,467
has come to tell the storyof this place
288
00:13:21,467 --> 00:13:23,567
he knows so well.
289
00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:31,266
[Gaetano]
This place is so famous.
290
00:13:31,266 --> 00:13:34,166
Everyone in the region
knows it.
291
00:13:34,166 --> 00:13:34,520
And I heard about it
from the elders in the family
292
00:13:34,520 --> 00:13:35,000
And I heard about it
from the elders in the family
293
00:13:36,467 --> 00:13:38,867
and others
since I was a child.
294
00:13:42,266 --> 00:13:44,900
It was a story
that gripped me
295
00:13:44,967 --> 00:13:46,967
because it was about
the region I am from.
296
00:13:50,166 --> 00:13:51,667
[narrator]
This place that captured
297
00:13:51,667 --> 00:13:53,867
Gaetano's imagination
298
00:13:53,867 --> 00:13:56,700
is the siteof a fierce battle,
299
00:13:56,767 --> 00:13:59,667
one that was witnessedby millions
300
00:13:59,667 --> 00:14:02,467
through a groundbreakingdocumentary.
301
00:14:02,467 --> 00:14:04,520
[classical music playing]
302
00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:05,000
[classical music playing]
303
00:14:07,767 --> 00:14:09,867
[man]
From the end of October 1943
304
00:14:09,867 --> 00:14:11,467
until the middle of December,
305
00:14:11,467 --> 00:14:13,300
San Pietroand the surrounding grounds
306
00:14:13,367 --> 00:14:15,100
was the scene of someof the bitterest fighting
307
00:14:15,100 --> 00:14:17,600
on our 5th Army flank.
308
00:14:17,667 --> 00:14:19,767
[Jim] Nothing like thishad really been seen.
309
00:14:19,767 --> 00:14:22,367
This kind of combat footage,
310
00:14:22,367 --> 00:14:24,767
you know,raw and honest including
311
00:14:24,767 --> 00:14:26,367
the death and destruction.
312
00:14:26,367 --> 00:14:28,900
No one had really seen
anything quite like this.
313
00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:33,300
[Geoff] And the filmwas, uh, replete with,
314
00:14:33,367 --> 00:14:34,520
you know, scenes of heroism
315
00:14:34,520 --> 00:14:35,000
you know, scenes of heroism
316
00:14:35,467 --> 00:14:38,200
and it showed, you know,
gritty American GIs
317
00:14:38,266 --> 00:14:40,867
struggling against
heavy German fire.
318
00:14:43,100 --> 00:14:45,667
[Lynette] So for Americans,this was a good story
319
00:14:45,667 --> 00:14:48,767
because they sawAmerican boys
320
00:14:48,767 --> 00:14:53,200
succeeding in defeating
the Nazis in Europe.
321
00:14:53,266 --> 00:14:55,400
And for Italians,
322
00:14:55,467 --> 00:14:58,266
this was a storyof getting back
323
00:14:58,266 --> 00:15:01,300
their national self-respect.
324
00:15:03,266 --> 00:15:04,520
[narrator]
The movie was praised
325
00:15:04,520 --> 00:15:04,867
[narrator]
The movie was praised
326
00:15:04,867 --> 00:15:05,000
by Hollywood's best.
327
00:15:06,967 --> 00:15:09,066
But this documentary...
328
00:15:09,066 --> 00:15:11,300
was a lie.
329
00:15:11,367 --> 00:15:13,166
Two years earlier,
330
00:15:13,166 --> 00:15:15,467
an American servicemancame to Italy
331
00:15:15,467 --> 00:15:18,166
with a very specialassignment.
332
00:15:18,166 --> 00:15:19,467
His name...
333
00:15:19,467 --> 00:15:21,166
was John Houston.
334
00:15:22,767 --> 00:15:25,166
[Geoff] John Houston was aninteresting figure, you know.
335
00:15:25,166 --> 00:15:27,600
He was a guy who had beenworking in Hollywood
336
00:15:27,667 --> 00:15:29,600
after drifting around America
337
00:15:29,667 --> 00:15:32,567
as a boxer,
a painter, an actor
338
00:15:32,567 --> 00:15:34,520
but then he really finds
his metier in Hollywood.
339
00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:34,600
but then he really finds
his metier in Hollywood.
340
00:15:36,300 --> 00:15:39,567
[narrator] Houston's firstmovies had been a success.
341
00:15:39,567 --> 00:15:41,367
So in 1943,
342
00:15:41,367 --> 00:15:44,266
he was deployed to Italyto make documentaries
343
00:15:44,266 --> 00:15:46,000
of the Allied victory.
344
00:15:48,500 --> 00:15:50,100
[Geoff] Though Houston says,
345
00:15:50,100 --> 00:15:51,667
"I'm gonna go upinto the mountains.
346
00:15:51,667 --> 00:15:53,100
I got to go to a placelike San Pietro
347
00:15:53,166 --> 00:15:54,700
where the fightingis heaviest
348
00:15:54,767 --> 00:15:56,266
and I'm gonna filmthe battle there
349
00:15:56,266 --> 00:15:58,066
for the American home front.
350
00:15:58,066 --> 00:16:00,867
But he missed it.
351
00:16:00,867 --> 00:16:03,767
[narrator] When Houstonarrived at San Pietro
352
00:16:03,767 --> 00:16:04,520
his crew were bombardedby German shelling.
353
00:16:04,520 --> 00:16:05,000
his crew were bombardedby German shelling.
354
00:16:07,367 --> 00:16:09,266
[Geoff] The Germanshave already withdrawn
355
00:16:09,266 --> 00:16:11,667
but it's a carefultactical withdraw
356
00:16:11,667 --> 00:16:14,967
just to the northern rimof hills beyond the village.
357
00:16:14,967 --> 00:16:17,400
So there's still firing
on San Pietro,
358
00:16:17,467 --> 00:16:20,100
German artilleries
still in position.
359
00:16:20,166 --> 00:16:21,667
[narrator] His crew took cover
360
00:16:21,667 --> 00:16:24,000
with the shelteringresidence.
361
00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:30,367
[Gaetano] When John Houston
sought refuge
362
00:16:30,367 --> 00:16:34,266
from the American and German
bombings in San Pietro,
363
00:16:36,467 --> 00:16:38,467
he and his crew went
into a shelter
364
00:16:38,467 --> 00:16:40,467
with some of the civilians.
365
00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:46,667
Inside he realized that one
of his cameramen was in shock.
366
00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:50,100
He was shaking,
367
00:16:50,166 --> 00:16:52,467
so he tried to talk to him
and calm him.
368
00:16:54,166 --> 00:16:55,867
But the intensity
of the bombings
369
00:16:55,867 --> 00:16:58,000
only increased
the cameraman's fear.
370
00:17:02,467 --> 00:17:04,520
[narrator]
After several long hours,
371
00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:04,867
[narrator]
After several long hours,
372
00:17:04,867 --> 00:17:05,000
the bombing stopped.
373
00:17:08,100 --> 00:17:10,467
[dramatic music playing]
374
00:17:10,467 --> 00:17:14,266
[Lynette] So once the Germanshave covered their retreat
375
00:17:14,266 --> 00:17:16,900
to their next defensive line,
376
00:17:16,967 --> 00:17:19,600
the German artilleriesswitches off.
377
00:17:19,667 --> 00:17:21,467
And at that point,
378
00:17:21,467 --> 00:17:23,500
the villagers of San Pietro
379
00:17:23,567 --> 00:17:27,500
are able to move backout into the fresh air
380
00:17:27,567 --> 00:17:30,066
and John Houston and his crew
381
00:17:30,066 --> 00:17:31,767
are able to move out
with them.
382
00:17:35,367 --> 00:17:39,266
[narrator] The Battleof San Pietro was over.
383
00:17:39,266 --> 00:17:41,767
Houston had missedhis moment.
384
00:17:46,367 --> 00:17:48,767
[tense music playing]
385
00:17:52,900 --> 00:17:54,867
[narrator] In 1943,
386
00:17:54,867 --> 00:17:57,700
Director John Houston wasordered to make a documentary
387
00:17:57,767 --> 00:18:01,100
of the Battle of San Pietro.
388
00:18:01,100 --> 00:18:02,767
But when he arrived,
389
00:18:02,767 --> 00:18:06,066
the battle was already over.
390
00:18:06,066 --> 00:18:07,767
[Geoff]
so Houston has the idea,
391
00:18:07,767 --> 00:18:10,100
"Okay. I've got all theseGIs milling around
392
00:18:10,166 --> 00:18:11,567
that have been throughthe battle
393
00:18:11,567 --> 00:18:13,367
that they rememberwhat it was like
394
00:18:13,367 --> 00:18:15,200
and the experienceis fresh in their minds."
395
00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:16,000
and the experienceis fresh in their minds."
396
00:18:16,066 --> 00:18:18,700
"Okay. I'm gonna recreate
the Battle of San Pietro."
397
00:18:18,767 --> 00:18:20,400
[suspenseful music playing]
398
00:18:20,467 --> 00:18:22,300
[narrator]
Armed with a stock of film
399
00:18:22,367 --> 00:18:25,000
and a cast of soldiers,
400
00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:27,467
Houston's camerasstarted rolling
401
00:18:27,467 --> 00:18:29,667
on a reconstruction
402
00:18:29,667 --> 00:18:31,800
of the Battle of San Pietro.
403
00:18:32,967 --> 00:18:34,900
[Geoff] So they're firingtheir weapons,
404
00:18:34,967 --> 00:18:37,800
they're taking coverfrom incoming German fire,
405
00:18:37,867 --> 00:18:39,967
they're fleeing grenades.
406
00:18:39,967 --> 00:18:42,100
He took care that, you know,it was concussion grenades,
407
00:18:42,166 --> 00:18:43,767
not fragmentation grenades
408
00:18:43,767 --> 00:18:45,200
but the viewer can't tellthe difference.
409
00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:45,700
but the viewer can't tellthe difference.
410
00:18:45,767 --> 00:18:46,000
And he kinda recreates theharrowing mood of the place.
411
00:18:49,100 --> 00:18:51,900
He instructs these GIs
to occasionally turn
412
00:18:51,967 --> 00:18:53,967
and look directly
at the camera
413
00:18:53,967 --> 00:18:56,667
so as to, like, communicatethe stress they're under,
414
00:18:56,667 --> 00:18:58,467
the strain of battle.
415
00:18:58,467 --> 00:19:01,066
And it gives it a reallyimmediate effect,
416
00:19:01,066 --> 00:19:03,467
all of which become
trademarks of this,
417
00:19:03,467 --> 00:19:07,066
you know, award-winning
Battle of San Pietro film.
418
00:19:07,066 --> 00:19:08,800
[man] Some 200 yards forward,
419
00:19:08,867 --> 00:19:10,667
they encountered mines
420
00:19:10,667 --> 00:19:13,467
and automatic firefrom pill boxes.
421
00:19:13,467 --> 00:19:15,200
[Lynette]
In the heat of battle,
422
00:19:15,200 --> 00:19:15,767
[Lynette]
In the heat of battle,
423
00:19:15,767 --> 00:19:16,000
the camera pans,
424
00:19:18,066 --> 00:19:20,767
an Allied soldier is shot,
425
00:19:20,767 --> 00:19:22,300
he falls,
426
00:19:23,767 --> 00:19:26,867
everyone in the cinema
is shocked.
427
00:19:26,867 --> 00:19:28,900
They have just watched
428
00:19:28,967 --> 00:19:31,367
the extinction
of a human life.
429
00:19:33,066 --> 00:19:34,800
And then Houston shouts,
"Cut."
430
00:19:34,867 --> 00:19:36,767
And the guy
gets back up again.
431
00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:42,200
[narrator] But not everythingthat Houston captured
432
00:19:42,266 --> 00:19:44,500
at San Pietro was fake.
433
00:19:45,767 --> 00:19:46,000
[Lynette] The grim toll
434
00:19:48,467 --> 00:19:50,667
of The Battle of San Pietro
435
00:19:50,667 --> 00:19:52,667
was caught on film.
436
00:19:52,667 --> 00:19:55,100
And real soldiers
437
00:19:55,100 --> 00:19:57,367
being wrapped up
438
00:19:57,367 --> 00:20:00,100
and eventually shipped home.
439
00:20:01,100 --> 00:20:05,000
That was partof the reality of war
440
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:07,100
being communicated
441
00:20:07,166 --> 00:20:09,300
to Americans back home.
442
00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:14,400
[Jim] The military brassinitially didn't like that.
443
00:20:14,467 --> 00:20:15,200
They kept pushing himto change it, to soften it.
444
00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:16,000
They kept pushing himto change it, to soften it.
445
00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:18,300
They didn't wantthe people back home
446
00:20:18,367 --> 00:20:20,367
or the troopsin training to see
447
00:20:20,367 --> 00:20:23,467
these images
of young Americans
448
00:20:23,467 --> 00:20:25,700
who had been cut down
in this battle.
449
00:20:27,767 --> 00:20:29,500
[narrator]
And there was something else
450
00:20:29,567 --> 00:20:31,967
that Houston capturedfor real.
451
00:20:31,967 --> 00:20:34,767
[dramatic music playing]
452
00:20:34,767 --> 00:20:36,967
[Geoff] An aspect of this filmis not staged,
453
00:20:36,967 --> 00:20:38,867
it's the reliefof the survivors.
454
00:20:38,867 --> 00:20:42,200
You see these childrenand adults
455
00:20:42,266 --> 00:20:44,367
coming out of hiding wherethey've been in the caves
456
00:20:44,367 --> 00:20:45,200
to avoid the Alliedand German bombardments
457
00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:46,000
to avoid the Alliedand German bombardments
458
00:20:46,867 --> 00:20:49,100
and they come intotheir shattered town
459
00:20:49,100 --> 00:20:51,400
and they're kind ofmilling around in the rubble
460
00:20:51,467 --> 00:20:54,400
of their old homes,and shops, and church.
461
00:20:54,467 --> 00:20:56,467
But they're beaming,
they're happy
462
00:20:56,467 --> 00:20:58,100
because for them at least
463
00:20:58,100 --> 00:20:59,667
the war is really over.
464
00:21:03,166 --> 00:21:05,400
[Gaetano] This spot
in the city of San Pietro
465
00:21:05,467 --> 00:21:07,166
is important.
466
00:21:07,166 --> 00:21:08,767
Because when John Houston
was filming
467
00:21:08,767 --> 00:21:10,000
his documentary here,
468
00:21:11,367 --> 00:21:13,967
he filmed this very road,
469
00:21:13,967 --> 00:21:15,200
this very spot
470
00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:15,600
this very spot
471
00:21:15,667 --> 00:21:16,000
as it was being freed
of the rubble.
472
00:21:17,667 --> 00:21:19,266
And people were attempting
to get back
473
00:21:19,266 --> 00:21:21,266
to some kind
of pseudo-normality.
474
00:21:27,467 --> 00:21:31,300
[suspenseful music playing]
475
00:21:31,367 --> 00:21:33,166
[narrator]
At the end of the war,
476
00:21:33,166 --> 00:21:35,266
Houston's San Pietrowas shown
477
00:21:35,266 --> 00:21:37,567
across the United Statesand Italy.
478
00:21:37,567 --> 00:21:40,767
Praised for his depictionof a fight to the death
479
00:21:40,767 --> 00:21:42,967
between good and evil.
480
00:21:42,967 --> 00:21:44,767
But John Houston
481
00:21:44,767 --> 00:21:45,200
kept the secretof his documentary
482
00:21:45,200 --> 00:21:46,000
kept the secretof his documentary
483
00:21:47,467 --> 00:21:49,467
to the end of his life.
484
00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:54,166
[Jim] A lot of peoplecriticized Houston
485
00:21:54,166 --> 00:21:55,867
later when it came out.
486
00:21:55,867 --> 00:21:58,800
How little of the filmhad really been shot
487
00:21:58,867 --> 00:22:00,667
documentary style.
488
00:22:00,667 --> 00:22:03,867
And about his dishonestyand how he portrayed the film
489
00:22:03,867 --> 00:22:07,467
but Director Martin Scorseselater said that
490
00:22:07,467 --> 00:22:10,567
he was working in the service
of a greater truth,
491
00:22:10,567 --> 00:22:11,800
a harder truth.
492
00:22:17,367 --> 00:22:18,867
[narrator] In Eastern Germany,
493
00:22:18,867 --> 00:22:20,900
on the outskirts of Berlin,
494
00:22:20,967 --> 00:22:24,467
is an entire villagethat's fallen silent.
495
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:35,200
[Rob] The trees do a prettygood job of hiding
496
00:22:35,266 --> 00:22:37,900
just how extensive
this site is.
497
00:22:39,767 --> 00:22:43,467
[Geoff] It is a major facilityof some kind
498
00:22:43,467 --> 00:22:45,200
surrounded by a great wall.
499
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:45,600
surrounded by a great wall.
500
00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:48,367
[Lynette] What I see here is
501
00:22:48,367 --> 00:22:52,166
a lot of utilitarianbuildings.
502
00:22:52,166 --> 00:22:54,867
Almost as thoughthere are big sheds
503
00:22:54,867 --> 00:22:57,467
up close to each other.
504
00:22:57,467 --> 00:23:00,300
[narrator] And the outsidewalls are littered
505
00:23:00,367 --> 00:23:02,567
with revealing details.
506
00:23:03,767 --> 00:23:05,600
[Rob] Some of the wallshave plaques
507
00:23:05,667 --> 00:23:07,967
or stone carvingson the outside
508
00:23:07,967 --> 00:23:11,467
which hinted how this place
might have been used.
509
00:23:13,100 --> 00:23:14,567
[Geoff] You have thesebeautiful murals
510
00:23:14,567 --> 00:23:15,200
on the various buildings
511
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:16,000
on the various buildings
512
00:23:16,166 --> 00:23:18,500
all relatingto the animal kingdom.
513
00:23:18,567 --> 00:23:21,000
There might besome kind of zoo
514
00:23:21,066 --> 00:23:23,200
or animal husbandry function
515
00:23:23,266 --> 00:23:25,467
to this sprawling facility.
516
00:23:26,867 --> 00:23:31,867
[narrator] So who or whatwas this site built to house?
517
00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:38,567
[tense music playing]
518
00:23:43,100 --> 00:23:45,166
[narrator] In a Germanforest near Berlin
519
00:23:45,166 --> 00:23:47,567
lies a decaying compound.
520
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:50,600
The storyof what happened here
521
00:23:50,667 --> 00:23:53,867
has not traveled fareven to this day.
522
00:23:53,867 --> 00:23:56,467
It's secrets remain only
523
00:23:56,467 --> 00:23:59,367
in the handsof a few keen locals.
524
00:23:59,367 --> 00:24:02,467
Brigitte Baumannis one of them.
525
00:24:02,467 --> 00:24:04,700
[Brigitte in German]
526
00:24:11,100 --> 00:24:14,066
[narrator] And it's the grandnature of this place
527
00:24:14,066 --> 00:24:16,900
that makes it so intriguing.
528
00:24:16,967 --> 00:24:18,567
[Rob] These buildingsare really starting
529
00:24:18,567 --> 00:24:20,500
to fall apart inside
530
00:24:20,567 --> 00:24:23,100
but they still maintain
a sense of grandeur.
531
00:24:25,467 --> 00:24:29,600
[Lynette] We've got gorgeous,lavish rooms
532
00:24:29,667 --> 00:24:33,500
clearly builtto impress people.
533
00:24:33,567 --> 00:24:35,166
And when you lookat them empty,
534
00:24:35,166 --> 00:24:35,360
they made me feel chilly.
535
00:24:35,360 --> 00:24:36,000
they made me feel chilly.
536
00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:40,767
[Brigitte in German]
537
00:24:52,767 --> 00:24:54,266
[narrator] This was once
538
00:24:54,266 --> 00:24:57,567
the Grand KrampnitzCavalry School.
539
00:24:57,567 --> 00:24:59,600
[Brigitte in German]
540
00:25:25,166 --> 00:25:27,367
[Geoff] A lot of really famousGerman generals
541
00:25:27,367 --> 00:25:30,166
come through Krampnitzto complete their training.
542
00:25:30,166 --> 00:25:32,367
In the 1936 Olympics,
543
00:25:32,367 --> 00:25:35,000
the Germans get goldand silver medals in events
544
00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:35,360
like show humpingand dressage.
545
00:25:35,360 --> 00:25:36,000
like show humpingand dressage.
546
00:25:37,166 --> 00:25:40,567
So there's this real cavalry
tradition in Germany.
547
00:25:40,567 --> 00:25:42,967
[Brigitte in German]
548
00:25:54,767 --> 00:25:57,000
[narrator]
But this luxurious world
549
00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,166
would soon be tippedupside down.
550
00:26:00,166 --> 00:26:02,500
With the arrivalof the Second World War,
551
00:26:02,567 --> 00:26:04,266
the old traditions here
552
00:26:04,266 --> 00:26:05,360
were supplantedby new technologies.
553
00:26:05,360 --> 00:26:06,000
were supplantedby new technologies.
554
00:26:08,667 --> 00:26:11,800
[Lynette] There needs to bea place to train people
555
00:26:11,867 --> 00:26:15,767
to do the old
horse cavalry tasks.
556
00:26:15,767 --> 00:26:19,100
And that's going to be donenow by soldiers
557
00:26:19,100 --> 00:26:23,066
in fast-moving reconnaissancevehicles and light tanks
558
00:26:24,467 --> 00:26:26,000
instead of horses.
559
00:26:28,700 --> 00:26:30,867
[narrator]
The age of the German tank
560
00:26:30,867 --> 00:26:34,500
known as the Panzerhad arrived.
561
00:26:34,567 --> 00:26:35,360
Krampnitz quicklydeveloped to prioritize
562
00:26:35,360 --> 00:26:36,000
Krampnitz quicklydeveloped to prioritize
563
00:26:36,867 --> 00:26:40,000
the training of thesenew armored vehicles.
564
00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:44,367
[Geoff] In a way the Panzers
are attacking in the...
565
00:26:44,367 --> 00:26:46,600
in the style
of the old shock cavalry
566
00:26:46,667 --> 00:26:48,467
where you'd havethis heavy cavalry
567
00:26:48,467 --> 00:26:51,900
with steel breast platesgalloping at the enemy.
568
00:26:53,166 --> 00:26:54,600
[Rob] They could cross ditches
569
00:26:54,667 --> 00:26:56,967
and crush barbed wire.
570
00:26:56,967 --> 00:26:58,166
There was no denying it,
571
00:26:58,166 --> 00:26:59,767
toe-to-toe with a horse,
572
00:26:59,767 --> 00:27:01,567
the Panzer was by far
573
00:27:01,567 --> 00:27:03,567
the meaner beast
on the battlefield.
574
00:27:05,900 --> 00:27:06,000
[narrator] These vehicleswould play the key role
575
00:27:08,667 --> 00:27:10,900
in a revolutionary new tactic
576
00:27:10,967 --> 00:27:14,066
called Blitzkriegor lightning war.
577
00:27:14,066 --> 00:27:15,800
[engines revving]
578
00:27:15,867 --> 00:27:18,867
[Lynette] The armor forcesin the German army
579
00:27:18,867 --> 00:27:22,166
are not just tanks.
580
00:27:22,166 --> 00:27:25,900
They're fast moving tankswith radios.
581
00:27:25,967 --> 00:27:29,400
That means that
a German tank commander
582
00:27:29,467 --> 00:27:32,100
handles his tanks
583
00:27:32,166 --> 00:27:34,667
differently
from everybody else.
584
00:27:36,066 --> 00:27:37,667
[Geoff] These armoredspearheads that'll
585
00:27:37,667 --> 00:27:39,567
rip through the enemy line
586
00:27:39,567 --> 00:27:41,767
and be followedby infantry
587
00:27:41,767 --> 00:27:43,266
that will come inquickly behind
588
00:27:43,266 --> 00:27:44,867
to consolidate the victory.
589
00:27:46,567 --> 00:27:50,667
[narrator] At first,this achieved great success
590
00:27:50,667 --> 00:27:52,266
but when Hitler turnedhis tanks
591
00:27:52,266 --> 00:27:55,300
towards the vast expansesof Russia.
592
00:27:55,367 --> 00:27:58,567
Their fatal flawwould be revealed.
593
00:28:00,667 --> 00:28:02,367
[Geoff]
Panzers are only as good
594
00:28:02,367 --> 00:28:04,667
as the logistical trainthat's following them.
595
00:28:04,667 --> 00:28:05,360
The fuel trucks,
596
00:28:05,360 --> 00:28:06,000
The fuel trucks,
597
00:28:06,567 --> 00:28:08,166
the motorized infantrythat has to be to be able
598
00:28:08,166 --> 00:28:09,900
to keep up with the Panzers
599
00:28:09,967 --> 00:28:11,667
so they don't get surrounded,and isolated,
600
00:28:11,667 --> 00:28:14,467
and picked apart
by anti-tank weapons.
601
00:28:16,066 --> 00:28:17,867
[Rob]
The freezing temperatures
602
00:28:17,867 --> 00:28:20,400
also played havocwith all the German vehicles.
603
00:28:20,467 --> 00:28:22,066
The engines just gave up
604
00:28:22,066 --> 00:28:23,967
and turned whatever
they were powering
605
00:28:23,967 --> 00:28:25,900
into huge roadblocks.
606
00:28:28,066 --> 00:28:29,967
[narrator] To keeptheir armies progressing,
607
00:28:29,967 --> 00:28:33,100
the German's reliedon some unlikely heroes
608
00:28:33,100 --> 00:28:34,767
to save the day
609
00:28:34,767 --> 00:28:35,360
and many were trained hereat Krampnitz.
610
00:28:35,360 --> 00:28:36,000
and many were trained hereat Krampnitz.
611
00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:44,500
[tense music playing]
612
00:28:48,367 --> 00:28:51,600
[narrator] In Germanyare the ruins of the vast
613
00:28:51,667 --> 00:28:53,567
Krampnitz Cavalry School.
614
00:28:53,567 --> 00:28:56,767
Here an outdated technologywas replaced
615
00:28:56,767 --> 00:28:58,667
with a fearsome new weapon,
616
00:28:58,667 --> 00:29:02,667
one that concealeda catastrophic truth.
617
00:29:02,667 --> 00:29:05,000
[Geoff] The German Armyin World War II
618
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:07,467
it's really a great illusionin any respects.
619
00:29:07,467 --> 00:29:09,700
It looks imposingfrom outside
620
00:29:09,767 --> 00:29:11,160
but if you get right downto it,
621
00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:11,467
but if you get right downto it,
622
00:29:11,467 --> 00:29:12,000
it has these kind of
gleaming armored spearheads.
623
00:29:15,100 --> 00:29:16,467
But the rest of it's a...
624
00:29:16,467 --> 00:29:19,700
It's really
a 19th Century army.
625
00:29:19,767 --> 00:29:21,367
[narrator]
And as Hitler's tanks
626
00:29:21,367 --> 00:29:23,100
known as Panzers
627
00:29:23,166 --> 00:29:26,567
were strugglingon the Eastern front in 1942,
628
00:29:26,567 --> 00:29:29,367
it became clearthat they would have to rely
629
00:29:29,367 --> 00:29:32,400
on an old kind of power.
630
00:29:32,467 --> 00:29:36,000
[Brigitte in German]
631
00:29:38,266 --> 00:29:41,160
[dramatic music playing]
632
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:41,567
[dramatic music playing]
633
00:29:41,567 --> 00:29:42,000
[Lynette]
A horse could carry on
634
00:29:43,667 --> 00:29:45,767
as long as you put good shoeson them
635
00:29:45,767 --> 00:29:48,000
they can get on through mud.
636
00:29:48,066 --> 00:29:50,300
A horse didn't need
637
00:29:50,367 --> 00:29:52,867
to have its fuel delivered
638
00:29:52,867 --> 00:29:55,100
from Romania or Germany.
639
00:29:55,100 --> 00:29:58,667
A horse could eat the local
grain, the local farm.
640
00:30:01,266 --> 00:30:03,767
[narrator] Despite the Nazi'sgrand ambitions
641
00:30:03,767 --> 00:30:05,667
for mechanized superiority,
642
00:30:05,667 --> 00:30:09,300
in reality,their armies depended heavily
643
00:30:09,367 --> 00:30:10,800
on horses.
644
00:30:10,867 --> 00:30:11,160
[tense music playing]
645
00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:12,000
[tense music playing]
646
00:30:13,367 --> 00:30:15,000
[Geoff] And oneof the greatest ironies
647
00:30:15,000 --> 00:30:16,500
of the war of courseis that, you know,
648
00:30:16,567 --> 00:30:18,266
the Panzer getsall the credit
649
00:30:18,266 --> 00:30:21,467
and yet at the endof this long supply lines
650
00:30:21,467 --> 00:30:24,567
the Panzers are often beingkept in the field
651
00:30:24,567 --> 00:30:27,500
by long lines of horse
drawn fuel trucks.
652
00:30:29,567 --> 00:30:32,667
[narrator] Over 80%of the German combat strength
653
00:30:32,667 --> 00:30:35,166
was pulled bythis beasts of burden,
654
00:30:36,867 --> 00:30:38,667
but despite the best efforts
655
00:30:38,667 --> 00:30:41,160
of the 625,000 pack horses
656
00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:41,667
of the 625,000 pack horses
657
00:30:41,667 --> 00:30:42,000
active on the Eastern front.
658
00:30:44,266 --> 00:30:46,900
The Nazi's advance crumbled,
659
00:30:46,967 --> 00:30:49,867
leaving 300,000 soldierstrapped
660
00:30:49,867 --> 00:30:52,700
behind enemy linesat Stalingrad.
661
00:30:55,100 --> 00:30:56,667
[Lynette] The German soldiers
662
00:30:56,667 --> 00:30:58,567
were unable to look afterthemselves
663
00:30:58,567 --> 00:31:00,066
never mind their animals,
664
00:31:00,066 --> 00:31:01,667
they couldn't keep shoes
on their feet
665
00:31:01,667 --> 00:31:03,166
and food in their bellies.
666
00:31:05,367 --> 00:31:06,867
[Rob] So without food
667
00:31:06,867 --> 00:31:08,500
many of the Nazi'ssoldiers ate
668
00:31:08,567 --> 00:31:11,000
the only thingsthat were available to them.
669
00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:11,160
They ate rats
670
00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:12,000
They ate rats
671
00:31:12,266 --> 00:31:14,500
and of course before that
672
00:31:14,567 --> 00:31:16,066
they ate the horses.
673
00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:19,767
[narrator] Eventually,
674
00:31:19,767 --> 00:31:22,000
the Soviets would pushthe Nazi forces
675
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:25,467
all the way backto within 15 miles of here
676
00:31:25,467 --> 00:31:28,300
capturing Berlinand ending the war.
677
00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:33,967
While the common soldier wasleft to fend for themselves,
678
00:31:33,967 --> 00:31:37,266
the prized horsesand trophies at Krampnitz
679
00:31:37,266 --> 00:31:40,266
were handed overto American troops.
680
00:31:44,867 --> 00:31:46,700
Though it was Hitler
681
00:31:46,767 --> 00:31:50,000
who ordered the Nazi armiesonto the eastern front
682
00:31:50,066 --> 00:31:54,066
it was not hewho suffered there.
683
00:31:54,066 --> 00:31:58,066
[Lynette] Not only didthe German soldier die
684
00:31:58,066 --> 00:32:01,367
in the serviceof their insane Fuhrer
685
00:32:01,367 --> 00:32:04,367
that meantthat the German horse
686
00:32:04,367 --> 00:32:06,100
innocently died
687
00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:09,467
in the service
of their insane Fuhrer.
688
00:32:13,700 --> 00:32:16,000
[tense music playing]
689
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,467
[narrator] Deep withinthe Atacama Desert,
690
00:32:18,467 --> 00:32:20,667
isolated fromthe modern world
691
00:32:20,667 --> 00:32:23,867
sets a time capsuleof Chile's past.
692
00:32:25,300 --> 00:32:28,266
[dramatic music playing]
693
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:33,266
[Alicia] From the dustof this expansive desert
694
00:32:33,266 --> 00:32:35,400
suddenly,
there's this sprawling town.
695
00:32:37,400 --> 00:32:38,467
[Dougal]
The whole place is derelict
696
00:32:38,467 --> 00:32:40,100
as far as the eye can see.
697
00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:42,000
[Lynette] There's anindustrial section,
698
00:32:43,667 --> 00:32:45,100
there is retail,
699
00:32:45,166 --> 00:32:46,900
there is residential.
700
00:32:46,967 --> 00:32:50,367
This is or at least this was
701
00:32:50,367 --> 00:32:52,000
a proper community.
702
00:32:54,066 --> 00:32:55,600
[narrator]
Set in one of the most
703
00:32:55,667 --> 00:32:58,567
inhospitable places on Earth,
704
00:32:58,567 --> 00:33:02,066
why would anyone chooseto make this their home?
705
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:06,667
[Lynette] There's a realfeeling of utter isolation,
706
00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:10,667
in this town
707
00:33:10,667 --> 00:33:11,160
no one can hear you scream.
708
00:33:11,160 --> 00:33:12,000
no one can hear you scream.
709
00:33:12,567 --> 00:33:16,200
[tense music playing]
710
00:33:16,266 --> 00:33:18,567
[Dougal] There has to bea reason for being there
711
00:33:18,567 --> 00:33:20,500
and these reasons
usually revolve
712
00:33:20,567 --> 00:33:23,166
around some sort of resource.
713
00:33:23,166 --> 00:33:26,300
[narrator] This explainsthe industrial machinery
714
00:33:26,367 --> 00:33:28,266
but there aresome things here
715
00:33:28,266 --> 00:33:29,900
that don't add up.
716
00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:33,367
[Lynette] When you lookaround the perimeter
717
00:33:33,367 --> 00:33:35,467
you see that people tookthe trouble
718
00:33:35,467 --> 00:33:37,667
to put minefields down.
719
00:33:40,266 --> 00:33:41,160
[Alicia]
This place was designed
720
00:33:41,160 --> 00:33:41,967
[Alicia]
This place was designed
721
00:33:41,967 --> 00:33:42,000
with a utopian visionof the future
722
00:33:44,967 --> 00:33:47,767
but by the end,
it became a nightmare.
723
00:33:50,867 --> 00:33:54,100
[suspenseful music playing]
724
00:33:55,800 --> 00:33:59,800
[narrator] Local researcherLuis Enrique Silva Guerrero
725
00:33:59,867 --> 00:34:02,000
knows the difficultiesof living
726
00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:03,867
in this harsh climate.
727
00:34:05,467 --> 00:34:07,667
[Luis] Looking to the horizon,
728
00:34:07,667 --> 00:34:10,066
the north, south,east, and west
729
00:34:10,066 --> 00:34:11,160
the only thing
you see is dryness.
730
00:34:11,160 --> 00:34:12,000
the only thing
you see is dryness.
731
00:34:14,266 --> 00:34:16,100
It's very hostile.
732
00:34:18,700 --> 00:34:21,300
[narrator] But if you knowwhat to look for,
733
00:34:21,367 --> 00:34:24,166
the reason forChacabuco's existence
734
00:34:24,166 --> 00:34:25,667
is in plain view.
735
00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:30,266
Over there, you can see
736
00:34:30,266 --> 00:34:33,667
the deposits of nitrates.
737
00:34:36,266 --> 00:34:38,400
[narrator]
In the early 19th Century
738
00:34:38,467 --> 00:34:40,667
it was discoveredthat nitrates,
739
00:34:40,667 --> 00:34:41,160
known as saltpeter
740
00:34:41,160 --> 00:34:42,000
known as saltpeter
741
00:34:42,266 --> 00:34:45,367
were a miracle fertilizer.
742
00:34:45,367 --> 00:34:46,867
[Dougal] Here,
743
00:34:46,867 --> 00:34:48,300
the concentrationof saltpeter
744
00:34:48,367 --> 00:34:50,000
was actually at the surface,
745
00:34:50,066 --> 00:34:52,867
so it was very,
very easy to mine.
746
00:34:52,867 --> 00:34:55,066
[Luis] The raw material
747
00:34:55,066 --> 00:34:57,700
went through those tunnels
748
00:34:57,767 --> 00:35:00,266
into the crushing machine
749
00:35:00,266 --> 00:35:02,700
and once it was crushed
750
00:35:02,767 --> 00:35:05,567
in fine pieces
751
00:35:05,567 --> 00:35:07,600
it was transported
752
00:35:07,667 --> 00:35:11,160
to that building over there.
753
00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:11,367
to that building over there.
754
00:35:13,166 --> 00:35:15,200
[Dougal] All of these pipesand networks, and so on,
755
00:35:15,266 --> 00:35:17,000
are part of this process
756
00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:20,600
by which you're able to try
and purify the ore.
757
00:35:22,867 --> 00:35:24,367
[narrator]
With a global intensification
758
00:35:24,367 --> 00:35:25,900
in agriculture,
759
00:35:25,967 --> 00:35:29,200
the demand for saltpetersky rocketed.
760
00:35:29,266 --> 00:35:32,867
Chacabuco became a boom town.
761
00:35:32,867 --> 00:35:35,166
And it wasn't justthe industry here
762
00:35:35,166 --> 00:35:37,367
that was revolutionary.
763
00:35:39,300 --> 00:35:41,160
[Alicia] This town wascreated with a sort of
764
00:35:41,160 --> 00:35:41,500
[Alicia] This town wascreated with a sort of
765
00:35:41,567 --> 00:35:42,000
corporate welfare vision.
766
00:35:43,166 --> 00:35:45,200
That if we can pullthe worker away
767
00:35:45,266 --> 00:35:47,266
from cramp living conditionsin the city
768
00:35:47,266 --> 00:35:48,700
and provide them
769
00:35:48,767 --> 00:35:51,100
with cleanliving arrangements
770
00:35:51,166 --> 00:35:52,467
and leisure time
771
00:35:52,467 --> 00:35:53,700
then they might be
better workers
772
00:35:53,767 --> 00:35:55,100
and they might be healthier.
773
00:35:56,767 --> 00:35:59,266
[Lynette] They were providedfor, they were looked after,
774
00:35:59,266 --> 00:36:00,867
they had lovely houses,
775
00:36:00,867 --> 00:36:02,867
they had shops,
they had a church,
776
00:36:02,867 --> 00:36:04,100
they had a community center,
777
00:36:04,166 --> 00:36:06,000
they had a theater.
778
00:36:07,467 --> 00:36:09,900
[narrator] But there isevidence that life here
779
00:36:09,967 --> 00:36:11,160
was not entirely Utopian.
780
00:36:11,160 --> 00:36:12,000
was not entirely Utopian.
781
00:36:14,800 --> 00:36:17,000
[Alicia] What's interestingabout the layout of this town
782
00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:19,300
is that it seems,like it's almost designed
783
00:36:19,367 --> 00:36:21,000
to surveil the people there,
784
00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:22,567
that at the centerof this community,
785
00:36:22,567 --> 00:36:24,000
you have the tallest buildings
786
00:36:24,066 --> 00:36:26,266
with the tallest rooftops
and from there
787
00:36:26,266 --> 00:36:28,000
they can almost seethe inner workings
788
00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:30,567
of everything going onin their community.
789
00:36:31,867 --> 00:36:33,667
[Lynette] We now knowthat the people
790
00:36:33,667 --> 00:36:35,400
who lived in this community
791
00:36:35,467 --> 00:36:36,900
were being watched
792
00:36:36,967 --> 00:36:40,567
and we have recordsof people's
793
00:36:40,567 --> 00:36:41,160
intimate lives
being surveilled
794
00:36:41,160 --> 00:36:42,000
intimate lives
being surveilled
795
00:36:43,166 --> 00:36:46,266
by company security.
796
00:36:46,266 --> 00:36:48,000
[narrator]
But corporate surveillance
797
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:49,166
was nothing
798
00:36:49,166 --> 00:36:51,100
compared to what came next.
799
00:36:52,500 --> 00:36:54,100
[Lynette] Before too long
800
00:36:54,166 --> 00:36:56,266
this community became
801
00:36:56,266 --> 00:36:58,100
something very different,
802
00:36:58,100 --> 00:36:59,667
a darker place.
803
00:37:04,066 --> 00:37:06,367
[ominous music playing]
804
00:37:10,767 --> 00:37:12,667
[narrator] Chacabuco Chile,
805
00:37:12,734 --> 00:37:16,367
a once flourishing miningtown in the Atacama Desert
806
00:37:16,367 --> 00:37:19,467
that seems to haveanother story to tell.
807
00:37:20,767 --> 00:37:23,200
[Dougal] The last kindof vestiges of life
808
00:37:23,266 --> 00:37:26,100
that you can see
in and around the buildings
809
00:37:26,166 --> 00:37:28,300
is the graffiti.
810
00:37:28,367 --> 00:37:32,467
And this is graffitiof a very political nature.
811
00:37:32,467 --> 00:37:33,360
[Alicia] It's reallyjust tragic to see
812
00:37:33,360 --> 00:37:34,000
[Alicia] It's reallyjust tragic to see
813
00:37:35,266 --> 00:37:38,200
this vision of prosperitydescend and decline
814
00:37:38,266 --> 00:37:40,667
into this tragic circumstance.
815
00:37:40,734 --> 00:37:43,100
[tense music playing]
816
00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:44,867
[narrator] In 1938,
817
00:37:44,867 --> 00:37:47,667
the industry hereground to a halt.
818
00:37:49,300 --> 00:37:52,367
And the town was leftto the elements.
819
00:37:54,867 --> 00:37:57,600
But in 1973,
820
00:37:57,667 --> 00:38:00,066
everything changed.
821
00:38:00,066 --> 00:38:02,667
Allegedly with supportfrom the CIA,
822
00:38:02,667 --> 00:38:03,360
a right-wing grouplaunched a coupe,
823
00:38:03,360 --> 00:38:04,000
a right-wing grouplaunched a coupe,
824
00:38:05,867 --> 00:38:07,300
their leader...
825
00:38:07,367 --> 00:38:09,000
Augusto Pinochet.
826
00:38:11,467 --> 00:38:14,200
[Lynette]
Augusto Pinochet was a...
827
00:38:14,266 --> 00:38:16,667
ruthless dictator.
828
00:38:16,734 --> 00:38:18,967
He controlled Chile
829
00:38:18,967 --> 00:38:21,300
in a way that was brutal,
830
00:38:21,367 --> 00:38:22,800
it was repressive.
831
00:38:24,967 --> 00:38:27,967
[narrator] Anyone thatdisagreed with the new gente
832
00:38:27,967 --> 00:38:29,467
quickly vanished.
833
00:38:29,467 --> 00:38:32,367
And where betterto make people disappear
834
00:38:32,367 --> 00:38:33,360
than in the middleof a desert.
835
00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:34,000
than in the middleof a desert.
836
00:38:36,367 --> 00:38:38,400
[Dougal] So not only wherethe buildings already there
837
00:38:38,467 --> 00:38:40,567
but you didn't have to go farfrom the buildings
838
00:38:40,567 --> 00:38:41,967
and you were in the harshest,
839
00:38:41,967 --> 00:38:44,367
driest desert on the planet,
840
00:38:44,367 --> 00:38:47,166
that became the ideal place
to lock people away,
841
00:38:47,166 --> 00:38:48,567
away from prying eyes.
842
00:38:50,367 --> 00:38:53,166
[Alicia] And these homes thatused to belong to individuals
843
00:38:53,166 --> 00:38:55,967
suddenly became great cells
for prisoners.
844
00:38:58,467 --> 00:39:00,300
[narrator] Roberto Sepulveda
845
00:39:00,367 --> 00:39:02,000
is part of the organization
846
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:03,360
that now preserves Chacabuco.
847
00:39:03,360 --> 00:39:04,000
that now preserves Chacabuco.
848
00:39:08,166 --> 00:39:09,367
[Roberto]
I had the opportunity
849
00:39:09,367 --> 00:39:10,467
to walk around this place
850
00:39:10,467 --> 00:39:12,767
back in 1973.
851
00:39:12,767 --> 00:39:14,367
It was exactly like we see
852
00:39:14,367 --> 00:39:16,734
the German concentration camps
in the movies.
853
00:39:19,900 --> 00:39:21,734
With electrified fences,
854
00:39:23,667 --> 00:39:24,767
trained dogs,
855
00:39:26,800 --> 00:39:28,166
guard towers
856
00:39:28,166 --> 00:39:31,166
surrounded with minefields,
857
00:39:31,166 --> 00:39:32,767
and tanks and planes
858
00:39:32,767 --> 00:39:33,360
flying over it to prevent
prisoners from escaping.
859
00:39:33,360 --> 00:39:34,000
flying over it to prevent
prisoners from escaping.
860
00:39:40,066 --> 00:39:42,600
[narrator] From the momentthe inmates arrived,
861
00:39:42,667 --> 00:39:45,300
conditions were brutal.
862
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:49,567
[Roberto]
As soon as they got here,
863
00:39:49,567 --> 00:39:51,867
they would have them undressed
864
00:39:51,867 --> 00:39:54,734
and what was later
a football pitch,
865
00:39:54,734 --> 00:39:57,266
make them empty their bags,
866
00:39:57,266 --> 00:39:59,367
and have them stand naked
in the sun.
867
00:40:02,166 --> 00:40:03,360
[dramatic music playing]
868
00:40:03,360 --> 00:40:04,000
[dramatic music playing]
869
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:06,867
[Alicia] Most of the prisonersfaced harassment
870
00:40:06,867 --> 00:40:09,667
and few had enough rations
871
00:40:09,734 --> 00:40:11,767
to barely keep them alive.
872
00:40:13,367 --> 00:40:14,900
[narrator] At its height
873
00:40:14,967 --> 00:40:17,800
over a thousand peoplewere held here.
874
00:40:17,867 --> 00:40:20,266
Most of them... innocent
875
00:40:20,266 --> 00:40:22,000
but their spiritof resistance
876
00:40:22,066 --> 00:40:24,367
is etched into the walls.
877
00:40:27,100 --> 00:40:29,200
[Roberto] In places
where the prisoners lived,
878
00:40:29,266 --> 00:40:32,200
they left multiple testimonies
on the walls,
879
00:40:32,266 --> 00:40:33,360
if you look in other houses
880
00:40:33,360 --> 00:40:33,867
if you look in other houses
881
00:40:33,867 --> 00:40:34,000
you will find many of them.
882
00:40:37,100 --> 00:40:40,367
[narrator] The concentrationcamp at Chacabuco was closed
883
00:40:40,367 --> 00:40:42,734
after only two years
884
00:40:42,734 --> 00:40:45,767
and the authorities quicklytried to cover up
885
00:40:45,767 --> 00:40:47,100
what they did here.
886
00:40:47,166 --> 00:40:49,166
[dramatic music playing]
887
00:40:50,166 --> 00:40:51,767
[Lynette] They stripped away
888
00:40:51,767 --> 00:40:53,400
a lot of the evidence
889
00:40:53,467 --> 00:40:56,467
and they tried
to purify this place.
890
00:41:00,266 --> 00:41:01,667
[Roberto] All the references
891
00:41:01,667 --> 00:41:03,360
of the assault
to human dignity,
892
00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:03,400
of the assault
to human dignity,
893
00:41:03,467 --> 00:41:04,000
to the physical and
psychological torture
894
00:41:05,867 --> 00:41:07,300
that were left here,
895
00:41:07,367 --> 00:41:09,467
soldiers erased
all the testimonies.
896
00:41:15,367 --> 00:41:16,967
[upbeat music playing]
897
00:41:16,967 --> 00:41:18,000
[narrator] Today,
898
00:41:18,066 --> 00:41:20,567
Chacabuco lies derelict
899
00:41:20,567 --> 00:41:23,567
but its history ofpioneering industry
900
00:41:23,567 --> 00:41:25,767
and cruel repression
901
00:41:25,767 --> 00:41:27,567
leaves a complicated legacy.
902
00:41:29,467 --> 00:41:32,000
[Alicia]
It's important to remember
903
00:41:32,066 --> 00:41:33,360
some of the unsavory
elements of history
904
00:41:33,360 --> 00:41:34,000
some of the unsavory
elements of history
905
00:41:35,367 --> 00:41:38,266
so that we can continue
to learn from them,
906
00:41:38,266 --> 00:41:40,266
that we can see warning signs
907
00:41:40,266 --> 00:41:42,367
of authoritarianism
908
00:41:42,367 --> 00:41:44,767
when we see them again.
909
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:51,266
[Roberto] This is a place
that holds lots of emotions.
910
00:41:51,266 --> 00:41:52,967
We want this to be remembered,
911
00:41:52,967 --> 00:41:54,600
we want people to come here,
912
00:41:54,667 --> 00:41:56,667
societies who forget
their history
913
00:41:56,667 --> 00:41:58,867
are doomed to repeat it.
914
00:41:58,867 --> 00:42:00,266
[dramatic music playing]
73880
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